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Restoration Home – The Elms at North Wingfield
1 August 2012 31 July 2012 / Becky, Archivist / 5 Comments
During visit to the Record Office in February 2012
After featuring Derbyshire archives in the first series of Restoration Home last year, the team from Endemol returned to the record office earlier this year to film original records for tonight’s episode exploring the history of The Elms in North Wingfield. The show’s two historians Kate Williams (pictured) and Kieran Long examined including a tithe map and apportionment for the area, a parish register showing the baptism of a former owner, and their will.
The Elms episode will air tonight on BBC 2 at 7pm, see http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01llg8c for more information.
17 February 2012 / Sarah Chubb / 1 Comment
Last week a film crew and two presenters from BBC TV’s ‘Restoration Home’ – Dr Kate Williams, and Kieran Long – braved the snow to spend the day here, filming records that tell the story of ‘The Elms’ in North Wingfield.
Our temporary premises at The Creche are much smaller than our own building in New Street, so we let the film crew take over the searchroom for the day, and huddled ourselves in our small office space. It made for a strange work day, but it was nice to see the crew back again – they’re becoming old friends, as they came here last year for the programme on Stoke Hall in Calver.
We’re excited to see the result when the new series of ‘Restoration Home’ is broadcast this summer!
Forthcoming BBC2 programme centres on Stoke Hall
5 July 2011 5 July 2011 / Mark Smith / 2 Comments
One of the forthcoming episodes of the BBC’s Restoration Home is based on research done at Derbyshire Record Office. The programme, to be broadcast on 19th July (BBC2, 8pm), focuses on the fight save Stoke Hall, in Calver.
For more information about the programme, click here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/proginfo/tv/2011/wk29/tue.shtml#tue_restoration
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Alpina BMW B7 2013
BMW Wednesday, November 07th, 2018 20:41:25 PM. BMW modernised the next creation of the victorious Alpina‐BMW‐B7 superb ‐ lofty operation luxury‐sedan with additional working, recent blueprint attributes, also ameliorated organisation. The advanced B7 constructed it's North‐American launch at the historic (2012) Pebble seaside Concours d'Elegance. Costing are...
Lotus issued its latest Exige car
Lotus Thursday, October 25th, 2018 23:39:29 PM. Lotus Race Exige 380 is not only given new makeup, but the presence of the engine from this car can also break the 100 km / h mark in no more than 3.7 seconds....
Honda CEO: We Will Create Attractive Cars and Reduce Focus on Sales Volume
Honda Friday, October 19th, 2018 23:33:05 PM. The new Honda CEO, Takahiro Hachigo yesterday delivered his vision and mission when he was newly appointed to his current position. “I want to make a new Honda. Instead of focusing on sales figures, in my opinion, there are important...
Faraday Future FF91 new electric car
News Wednesday, October 17th, 2018 23:52:04 PM. The vehicle titled FF91 is said to be a tight competitor of the Tesla Model S, a commercial electric car Tesla alerts, an alternative technology company made by billionaire Elon Musk.Referred to as the ‘new species’ by Faraday Future officials,...
Jaguar launches the best supercars in the world
News Monday, October 15th, 2018 20:41:20 PM. Embedded Continuously Variable Dampers technology supports performance above the runway. The sporty character is also transmitted to the interior of this sedan, where there are four sport seat units along with Alcantara wraps on the steering wheel and gloss carbon...
New 2017 Ford GT ’66 Heritage Edition, the classic feel is louder!
Ford Friday, October 12th, 2018 20:27:41 PM. The car made to commemorate Ford’s victory at Le Mans will use the EcoBoost V6 engine with a capacity of 3,499 cc twin turbo which can spit out a power of 600 hp. The machine will be bred to a...
The concept of the Mercedes-Maybach 6 vision Cabriolet
Mercedes Friday, October 12th, 2018 19:45:39 PM. In addition, the car’s interior is wrapped in glass material throughout the edges of the window with a gathering point centered on a touchscreen in the dashboard area....
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Home » Telugu » News » Vijay Deverakonda on Taxiwaala: it’s new age stressbuster!
Vijay Deverakonda on Taxiwaala: it’s new age stressbuster!
What’s interesting about Taxiwaala is that the film will see the actor in yet another new genre of films after his previous record.
By Khushboo Ratda | April 29, 2018 12:35 pm | 3,136 reads | 2 comments
Vijay Deverakonda on Taxiwaala: it's new age stressbuster!
There’s no denying how Vijay Deverakonda has been growing from strength to strength with each passing film. While Pelli Choopulu set a benchmark in terms of light and breezy romantic comedies, his subsequent film Arjun Reddy, an intense romance drama, became a cult classic. And now, to follow up the laurels that he gained for the two films, and in a bid to achieve a hat-trick, the young star has come up with a new film – Taxiwaala – that is a co-production of GA2 Productions and UV Creations.
What’s interesting about Taxiwaala is that the film will see the actor in yet another new genre of films after his previous record. Describing the film as a new age film, Vijay mentioned at the teaser launch that the film touches multiple genres – supernatural, comedy, science fiction, thriller and a lot more, and labelled it a “high concept stressbuster”.
In fact, the recently released teaser of the film has opened to quite interesting reviews too, with people certain that, yet again, there’s something new from Vijay’s side. The striking visuals and interesting moments in the short sneak peek have left people asking for more.
Director Rahul Sankrityan had earlier made the acclaimed film The End and it looks like he is set to continue the streak with something avant-garde yet again.
The USP of the film is a young team, that received backing from major production houses. Speaking at the trailer launch of the film, Allu Aravind had said, “We decided to give them the space they need. In general, we do give suggestions but this time, we wanted to let the young energies do the bidding.”
Starring Priyanka Jawalkar as the female lead and Malvika Nair in a key role, the film is set to have a grand release on May 18 worldwide. For the audience in the US, Freeze Frame Films – the overseas distributors for the flick – has planned a grand release, with premieres a day ahead on May 17. Keep watching this space for more.
Tags: Taxiwaala, Vijay Deverakonda
This guy is soo overrated.
Reply April 29, 2018 at 8:17 pm
Just like your comment!
Reply April 30, 2018 at 10:07 pm
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39550 open access dissertations and theses found for:
if(Single nucleotide polymorphisms) » Refine Search
31 - 60 of 39550 displayed. < Previous | Next >
Physiologic effects of cytochrome P450 3A activity
by Givens, Raymond Carlos, Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 2007: 127 pages; 3289052.
SULT1A1 Genetic Variation and Tamoxifen Response in Vitro and ex Vivo
by Daniels, Jaclyn Rochelle, Ph.D. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. 2015: 140 pages; 10103541.
Altered DNA methylation of repetitive elements may explain the modified risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with genetic polymorphisms of the folate metabolic pathway in the US post folic acid fortification era
by Badiga, Suguna, Ph.D. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. 2011: 140 pages; 3490167.
The Impact of CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 on Dexamethasone and 6-Hydroxy-Dexamethasone Pharmacokinetics in Phase 1/2 Cancer Patients
by He, Lei, Ph.D. The Ohio State University. 2013: 175 pages; 10891706.
Understanding Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice: Prompting a Genome-Wide Uprising
by Tonnessen, Bradley William, Ph.D. Colorado State University. 2017: 161 pages; 10640215.
Evolution and Function of Drososphila melanogaster cis-regulatory Sequences
by Hardin, Aaron, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley. 2013: 72 pages; 3686312.
Genetic mechanisms of resistance to Fusarium root rot in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
by Bodah, Eliane Thaines, Ph.D. Washington State University. 2014: 140 pages; 3684750.
Trancriptome profiling of bovine milk with special emphasis on oligosaccharide metabolism genes
by Wickramasinghe, Saumya, Ph.D. University of California, Davis. 2011: 206 pages; 3502360.
Single-Molecule Studies of Rad4-Rad23 Reveal a Dynamic DNA Damage Recognition Process
by Kong, Muwen, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh. 2017: 205 pages; 10692541.
Genetic relationships of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the United States: Geographic origins and genotypic distribution of the species with implications for management
by McCann, Blake Eugene, Ph.D. The University of North Dakota. 2012: 287 pages; 3516798.
Structural studies of a prokaryotic cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel, MloK1, by transmission electron microscopy
by Chiu, Po-Lin, Ph.D. University of California, Davis. 2009: 119 pages; 3379642.
Selection of hard red winter wheat lines with diverse resistance to leaf spot diseases
by Manley, Aurora Alexandra, M.S. North Dakota State University. 2016: 129 pages; 10149334.
Evaluating Factors Associated with Tenofovir-Related Kidney Injury in HIV-Infected Women
by Baxi, Sanjiv M., Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley. 2016: 94 pages; 10188658.
Functional characterization of an allergy-associated regulatory variant at the human IL13 locus
by Kiesler, Maria Olga Patricia, Ph.D. The University of Arizona. 2009: 155 pages; 3354499.
Forensic Ancestry and Phenotype SNP Analysis and Integration with Established Forensic Markers
by Gettings, Katherine Butler, Ph.D. The George Washington University. 2013: 139 pages; 3590467.
Supplemental files
Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of in vitro selected artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum
by Tucker, Matthew Scott, Ph.D. University of South Florida. 2010: 416 pages; 3432670.
Functional studies and population genetic studies of a 25kb haplotype upstream of the AKT1 gene associated with metabolic syndrome
by Devaney, Stephanie, Ph.D. The George Washington University. 2009: 186 pages; 3344462.
Pathogen evolution under natural selection: The influenza A case study
by Kryazhimskiy, Sergey A., Ph.D. Princeton University. 2008: 193 pages; 3295304.
Investigating the role of Rad51 in Homologous Recombination at the single molecule level
by Robertson, Ragan, Ph.D. Columbia University. 2009: 217 pages; 3348437.
Identification and mixture deconvolution of ancient and forensic DNA using population genomic data
by Vohr, Samuel H., Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz. 2016: 125 pages; 10249290.
Low-level analysis of microarray probes on exon -targeting microarrays: Modeling background, gene expression and cross -hybridization
by Kapur, Karen Anita, Ph.D. Stanford University. 2008: 81 pages; 3333001.
Tests for Positive Selection on Genes Encoding Heat Shock Proteins in the Marine Slipper Snail, Crepidula fornicata
by Starr, Matthew J., M.S. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. 2015: 54 pages; 1592454.
Analysis of aberrant and normal copy-number variation of human chromosome 22
by Urban, Alexander Eckehart, Ph.D. Yale University. 2007: 126 pages; 3293411.
Clonal evolution in cancer
by Salk, Jesse J., Ph.D. University of Washington. 2010: 144 pages; 3424283.
Molecular Determinants of Human DNA Polymerase eta Fidelity
by Suarez, Samuel Charles, Ph.D. North Carolina State University. 2014: 191 pages; 3584268.
Computational Identification of B Cell Clones in High-Throughput Immunoglobulin Sequencing Data
by Gupta, Namita, Ph.D. Yale University. 2017: 137 pages; 10633249.
Full Text - PDF (36 MB)
Exploring the genetic basis of chronic periodontitis: A genome-wide approach
by Divaris, Kimon, Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 2011: 299 pages; 3495471.
The Effect of Dynamic Kinetic Selection on an Evolving Ribozyme Population
by Poletti, Patrick David, Ph.D. Portland State University. 2019: 144 pages; 13422098.
Mechanisms and quantitative prediction of efavirenz metabolism, pharmacogenetics and drug interactions
by Xu, Cong, Ph.D. Indiana University. 2013: 231 pages; 3666233.
Full Text - PDF (6 MB)
Elucidating the macro- and micro-evolutionary relationships of the federally listed endangered species Agalinis acuta (Orobanchaceae)
by Pettengill, James Beaton, Ph.D. University of Maryland, College Park. 2010: 282 pages; 3409833.
31 - 60 of 39550 displayed.
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UOW Scholars
Zhi Quan (George) Zhou Associate Professor
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences
School of Computing & Information Technology
zhiquan_zhou@uow.edu.au
Zhou's homepage
Zhou's Google Scholar page
Zhi Quan (George) Zhou received the BSc degree in Computer Science from Peking University, China, and the PhD degree in Software Engineering from The University of Hong Kong. His current research interest is in software testing and debugging; cybersecurity and security testing; the interplay among software testing, machine learning, and big data; and self-driving vehicles.
Zhou was a main contributor to some of the earliest research papers on metamorphic testing, and was one of the few pioneers who opened up and established this research field. In 2016, he co-founded and chaired the IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing, in conjunction with the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE MET '16) in Austin, USA. He was an invited keynote speaker at ICSE MET 2017 held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and at the IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing in San Francisco, 2019 (slides), where he was also the organizer of the Special Track on Metamorphic Testing and Artificial Intelligence. He was an ACM SIGSOFT Webinar speaker, an ICSE '18 Technical Briefings speaker, and an ICSE '16 and ICSE '19 journal-first speaker, introducing metamorphic testing through all these venues. He was selected for a Virtual Earth Award by Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA, and a 2018 Researcher of the Year Gold Disruptor Award by the Australian Computer Society.
Zhou has been invited to serve as a reviewer for various organizations including the Australian Research Council, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research of the United States Air Force, and for various international journals including IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, on Computers, on Reliability, on Services Computing, and so on.
(The "publications" listed below are not up to date due to slowness of the database.)
2019 Metamorphic Testing of Driverless Cars
Published in Communications of the ACM
2016 Metamorphic testing for software quality assessment: a study of search engines
Published in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
2011 Semi-proving: an integrated method for program proving, testing, and debugging
2018 Metamorphic Testing: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities
Published in ACM Computing Surveys
2016 Metamorphic testing for cybersecurity
Published in Computer
2012 Automated functional testing of online search services
Published in Software Testing, Verification and Reliability
2015 A revisit of three studies related to random testing
Published in Science China Information Sciences
2010 Using coverage information to guide test case selection in Adaptive Random Testing
2013 On the Correlation between the Effectiveness of Metamorphic Relations and Dissimilarities of Test Case Executions
2017 Metamorphic Testing for Adobe Data Analytics Software
080309 - SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Software engineering, software testing and debugging, verification and validation, user experience, citation analysis.
Available as Research Supervisor
Metamorphic Testing of Driverless Cars
A cost-effective software testing strategy employing online feedback information
Adaptive Random Testing in Detecting Layout Faults of Web Applications
International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering
Introduction to the Special Issue on Test Oracles
Journal of Systems and Software
Metamorphic Testing: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities
ACM Computing Surveys
4:1 - 4:27
High resolution SOM approach to improving anomaly detection in intrusion detection systems
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Metamorphic testing for cybersecurity
Metamorphic testing for software quality assessment: a study of search engines
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A revisit of three studies related to random testing
Science China Information Sciences
052104:1 - 052104:9
Using neural networks to forecast available system resources: an approach and empirical investigation
Automated functional testing of online search services
Software Testing, Verification and Reliability
Design and performance of a minimal real-time operating system in a safe language: Experience with java on the sun SPOT
Journal of Software
On adaptive random testing through iterative partitioning
Journal of Information Science and Engineering
Semi-proving: an integrated method for program proving, testing, and debugging
Metamorphic testing of decision support systems: A case study
IET Software
On Favourable Conditions for Adaptive Random Testing
Metamorphic Relations for Data Validation: A Case Study of Translated Text Messages
IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing (MET 2019)
A Monte Carlo Method for Metamorphic Testing of Machine Translation Services
2018 ACM/IEEE International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing
Enhancing Supervised Classifications with Metamorphic Relations
Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering
Metamorphic Testing for Adobe Analytics Data Collection JavaScript Library
2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering
Metamorphic testing 20 years later: A hands-on introduction
International Conference on Software Engineering
Metamorphic testing for machine translations: MT4MT
Proceedings - 25th Australasian Software Engineering Conference, ASWEC 2018
Metamorphic testing of navigation software: A pilot study with Google Maps
Proceedings of the 51st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-51)
Metamorphic Testing for Adobe Data Analytics Software
2nd International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing
Metamorphic Testing: Beyond Testing Numerical Computations
IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing (MET)
Metamorphic testing: A new student engagement approach for a new software testing paradigm
Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE)
Adaptive random testing for image comparison in regression web testing
2014 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, DICTA 2014
Testing model transformation programs using metamorphic testing
26th International Conference on Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering (SEKE 2014)
On the Correlation between the Effectiveness of Metamorphic Relations and Dissimilarities of Test Case Executions
13th International Conference on Quality Software
Similarity-based search for model checking: a pilot study with java pathfinder
Function substitution: Towards constraint solving in software testing
QSIC 2012: 12th International Conference on Quality Software
Metamorphic testing: Applications and integration with other methods: Tutorial synopsis
On the fault-detection capabilities of adaptive random test case prioritization: Case studies with large test suites
Proceedings of the 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Using coverage information to guide test case selection in Adaptive Random Testing
IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops
Improving software testing cost-effectiveness through dynamic partitioning
International Conference on Quality Software
CSCI: a LEAP into the future
International Conference on Information and Emerging Technologies
Automated software testing and analysis: techniques, practices and tools
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Developing real-time systems in Java on Macintosh
Apple University Consortium Academic and Developers Conference
Enhanced random testing for programs with high dimensional input domains
Software development of embedded systems on Macintosh
Investigator On
Design and Deployment of Practical Anonymous Access Systems
Awarded by:
Australian Research Council (ARC)
Funding Scheme:
Linkage Projects
On testing non-testable information retrieval systems with geographic components on the web
Virtual Earth Academic Research Collaboration Award
EATandDREAM: Effective automatic Testing and Debugging for REAl-life eMbedded wireless communications software
An independent study conducted by American researchers identified Zhou as one of the top five researchers in the world in the important research field of test oracles [1]. Another independent study conducted by European researchers identified Zhou as one of the top four researchers in the world in metamorphic testing [2].<br /><br />References:<br /><br />[1] R. A. P. Oliveira, U. Kanewala, and P. A. Nardi. "Automated test oracles: State of the art, taxonomies, and trends," In Advances in Computers, volume 95, pp. 113-199. Elsevier, 2014. Available online: <a href="http://iii.library.uow.edu.au/record=b2303118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://iii.library.uow.edu.au/record=b2303118</a><br /><br />[2] S. Segura, G. Fraser, A. Sanchez, and A. Ruiz-Cortes, "A survey on metamorphic testing", IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 42(9), pp. <strong> </strong> 805-824, 2016. Available online: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2016.2532875" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2016.2532875</a>
Detail View Summary View
Detail of Impact
The following URL links to an invited webinar that introduces metamorphic testing, produced by the ACM:<br /><a href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/1451736/8B5B5925E82FC9807CF83C84834A6F3D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/1451736/8B5B5925E82FC9807CF83C84834A6F3D<br /><br /></a>
Evidence of Impact
UOW Centres / Programs
UOW Researchers / Collaborators
Exposing Hidden Defects in Citation Statistics and Journal Impact Factors
<p>Zhou initiated a "metamorphic robustness testing" method and led his research team to use this method to verify the major citation database systems <a href="https://www.scopus.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Scopus</em></a> and <a href="https://clarivate.com/products/web-of-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Web of Science</em></a>, revealing robustness problems in citation counts and journal impact factors computed by these systems. A paper titled "Metamorphic Robustness Testing: Exposing Hidden Defects in Citation Statistics and Journal Impact Factors" by Zhi Quan Zhou, T.H. Tse, and Matt Witheridge has been published in <em>IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering</em>, the top journal in the field (URL for download: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2019.2915065" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2019.2915065</a>).</p>The high impact of the results lies in the finding that the presence of simple hyphens in a paper title adversely affects the citation statistics. Thus, metrics based on citation counts, which are commonly used for staff evaluations in universities, are not as robust as widely believed. This will be of interest not only to professors seeking tenure or promotion, but also to the senior management such as presidents, deans, and heads. The surprising results are applicable to all faculties in any university.<br /><br />Zhou et al.'s findings have been reported by international news media, including <a href="https://documents.uow.edu.au/~zhiquan/TheHyphenMan.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>The Australian</em></a>, <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-athletes-way/201906/one-small-hyphen-in-title-could-diminish-academic-success" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Psychology Today</em></a><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/hyphens-break-our-entire-system-of-scientific-ranking-new-analysis-reveals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em></em></a>, <a href="https://cacm.acm.org/news/237400-a-single-punctuation-mark-has-been-skewing-our-entire-system-of-scientific-ranking/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Communications of the ACM</em></a>, and <em><a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EurekAlert!</a></em>, among others. <br /><br />On the Internet, the implications of Zhou et al.'s findings have been discussed from diverse perspectives, some of which extend beyond the conventional computing and citation domains. For example, see "<a href="https://www.slashgear.com/brave-new-world-predictions-are-coming-true-with-hyphens-31578773/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brave New World predictions are coming true with hyphens</a>" written by <a href="https://www.slashgear.com/author/chrisburns/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chris Burns</a> on <a href="https://www.slashgear.com/brave-new-world-predictions-are-coming-true-with-hyphens-31578773/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>SlashGear</em></a>. Inquiries have been made from various communities including, among others, the community of patients with <a href="https://www.3cr.org.au/chronicallychilled/episode-201901021800/asher-wolf-ehlers-danlos-syndrome" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome</a> (a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_syndromes" target="_blank" rel="noopener">condition</a> that has a hyphenated name and is known to be under-reported and under-researched).<br /><br />The <a href="http://www.webofsciencegroup.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Web of Science Group</a> posted a <a href="https://clarivate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/10.1109TSE.2019.2915065-Clarivate-Analytics-Response.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">response</a> to Zhou et al.'s paper on the <a href="https://clarivate.com/blog/science-research-connect/web-of-science-group-response-to-metamorphic-robustness-testing-exposing-hidden-defects-in-citation-statistics-and-journal-impact-factors/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clarivate Analytics website</a>. Feedback from the authors was reported by <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/hyphens-break-our-entire-system-of-scientific-ranking-new-analysis-reveals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>ScienceAlert</em></a>.
Detected and reported fatal bugs in self-driving cars eight days before the Uber crash in March 2018
On March 10, 2018, Zhou and his MPhil student Liqun Sun detected a critical fault in the real-world self-driving system <a href="http://apollo.auto" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Baidu Apollo</a>, and they reported this finding to the Apollo team on the same day (this was <strong>8 days before</strong> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Elaine_Herzberg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a fatal accident of a Uber's self-driving vehicle in Tempe, Arizona</a>). The fault caused the self-driving car's LiDAR perception system to ignore pedestrians or other obstacles on the roadway. The Apollo team confirmed the fault on March 19, 2018 (24 hours after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Elaine_Herzberg" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the Uber accident</a>, where the vehicle involved used exactly the same type of LiDAR sensor as Apollo). This study was reported in an article titled "Metamorphic Testing of Driverless Cars" by Zhou and Sun, published in the <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3241979" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Communications of the ACM</em></a> (ACM's flagship magazine). Zhou covered this story in his <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2636979" target="_blank" rel="noopener">keynote speech</a> at the <a href="http://www.ieeeaitests.com/html/speakers.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Testing</a> (AITest 2019) held in San Francisco East Bay, California.
Graduate Advising Relationship
Research Title
Advisee
Doctor of Philosophy Un Similarity-Based Software Text case Prioritisation Liu, Chen
Doctor of Philosophy Metamorphic Testing applied to citation systems and other border applications Witheridge, Matt
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated) A New Approach to the Detection of Software Security Vulnerabilities Zhu, Junting
Doctor of Philosophy Testing Navigation Systems Brown, Joshua
Doctor of Philosophy A Machine Learning Based Approach for SoftwareTesting. Wu, Sarah
Doctor of Philosophy Software testing of web and cloud based applications Han, Jiacheng
Doctor of Philosophy Testing methods for intelligent systems Iqbal, Muhammad
Master of Philosophy - EIS A Case Study of Web Security on Social Media Advertising Liu, Yelin
Doctor of Philosophy (Integrated) On Antomated Testing of Web Applications Selay, Elmin
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-9367 (confirmed)
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Filtering by: Keyword Office of Revenue Analysis Remove constraint Keyword: Office of Revenue Analysis Type of Work Report Remove constraint Type of Work: Report
Economic Competitiveness and the Determinants of Sub-National Economic Activity: A Literature Review
The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical and theoretical literature on area economic competitiveness and the sub-national location of economic activity. Thus, we are interested in why economic activity locates where it does, and, from the perspective of a given sub-national area, what...
Blumenthal, Pamela, Young, Garry, Levy, Alice, and Wolman, Hal
Economics, OCFO, GW Institute of Public Policy, Office of Revenue Analysis, Economic competitiveness, Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration at The George Washington University, and District of Columbia
Report[remove]1
Blumenthal, Pamela1
Levy, Alice1
Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration at The George Washington University1
Economic competitiveness1
OCFO1
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Barrett Protects State Aid for Bedford Veterans Press Release
May 3, 2018 June 11, 2018 mikeb
Boston – During recent State Senate debate on legislation to support veterans and their families, Sen. Mike Barrett won passage of an amendment to ensure full state reimbursement of monies Bedford expends for indigent veterans moving into Bedford Green, situated on the grounds of the local VA hospital.
While the state Department for Veteran Services (DVS) currently reimburses Bedford at 100%, the arrangement is voluntary and the agency is under no legal obligation to do so. The 69-unit Bedford Green complex serves low-income and high-risk veterans from all over Massachusetts.
“Bedford does a wonderful job being a good neighbor to vets who need help,” says Barrett. “The Senate amendment puts into law a DVS commitment to reimburse the community at 100% for the first four years of each individual veteran’s occupancy, unless he or she happens to be a resident of the town already.”
State Rep. Ken Gordon says, “While we deeply appreciate the current administration’s commitment to reimburse Bedford at the 100% level, the amendment requires future governors to adhere to the same policy. Certainty is important to the town and to its outreach to needy veterans. I intend to support this language in the House.”
Bedford Town Manager Rick Reed says, “As you can imagine, the fiscal question mark that has hung over our town budget has been problematic. It has been hard to know, as a planning matter, if and when DVS might start reimbursing at the lower rate of 75%, as it does for non-transient and non-institutional residents of the town. This amendment reassures us that we’ll see full compensation in the years to come. We appreciate Sen. Barrett’s and Rep. Gordon’s efforts on the town’s behalf.”
The Barrett amendment was added to the BRAVE Act, drafted by the Joint Committee on Veterans and Federal Affairs. The Act increases, from 34 to 40 days, paid military leave for service members engaged in training and operations. It designates April 5th as Gold Star Wives Day and the last Saturday in September as Gold Star Mothers and Families Day. It prohibits prospective employers from looking at the medical or service records of a veteran applying for a job, unless the applicant’s discharge is listed as dishonorable.
The bill passed the Senate and now moves to the House.
← On not being neutral about net neutrality
Barrett welcomes Foundation Budget reforms →
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St. Maurice of Vienne (3): On Lent
Part (1), (2)
The reader will recall that de Moléon is describing ceremonies taken from a 12th century Ordinal (hence the past tense). He indicates when these ceremonies are still practiced in the 18th century when he is writing.
Vienne Missal (14th c.), Lyon, Bibl. mun., ms. 0526, f. 111v
On all Sundays from Septuagesima to Easter there was a procession or station at a church in the city.
On Ash Wednesday there were also stations.
After None they blessed the ashes. Then the archbishop (or in his absence the priest of St. Pierre de Vienne) and his chaplain, vested in black silk copes came into the choir, taking the place of the Dean along with the deacon and subdeacon who carried the ashes.
On all days of Lent before Compline they said the Office of the Dead, then went to the chapter room for a reading from the Dialogues of St. Gregory, after which they went to the refectory to drink some wine.
They called this the potus caritatis. Even then they did not eat. That came later.
Wednesday of the fourth week of Lent is called in the Ordinal of Vienne and their last Missal Feria quarta in Scrutiniis. They still perform the scrutinies today in this church, even though all those to be baptized are children, with the subdeacon reciting the Credo for each child before the priest, as a profession of faith. For good reason, the Gradual of this Mass is Venite filii. The ceremonies are too long to record here in French. They can be found in Latin in the Ordinal, which we hope to make available to the public.
They said the Te Deum laudamus on Palm Sunday, as at Lyon and in the whole Order of St. Benedict on the Sundays of Advent and Lent, and I see no sound reason to omit it.
The blessing of palms was done by the archbishop (or in his absence by the priest of Saint-Pierre) vested in alb, amice, stole, and greek silk cope. The cross was bare in the procession and they did not say Attollite portas.
On Spy Wednesday at the Mass they said (and still say) all the solemn intercessions for the various states as on Good Friday.
On Holy Thursday after None the archbishop, vested in alb and amice, stole and silk cope with his mitre and crosier went to the doors of the church to admit the public penitents who were waiting their to receive permission to enter.
Then he gave a sermon, at the end of which he said three times Venite filii. The archbishop said the verse Accedite and let in the penitents. Immediately the seven penitential psalms were said, during which the archbishop and penitents lay prostrate before the pulpit. Then the archbishop said the prayers, verses, and collects, and gave them the pardon and indulgence.
Currently there is no more trace of this public penitence except the seven penitential psalms, along with this rubric in the Supplement to the missal:
“Feria V in Ecclesia Primatiali ante missam sit officium catechumenorum et reconciliatio poenitentium, et ideo dicuntur septem psalmi poenitentiales.” They still do the office of the catechumens.
The blessing of the oil of the sick was done before the Per quem haec omnia Domine and the blessing of the oil of catechumens and chrism after the Pax Domini. Vespers were embedded in the Mass and ended with the Postcommunion.
To this day, after the Mass, the deacon carries the Blessed Sacrament to the place prepared for it, and brings it back the next day to the high altar for the Mass ex praesanctificatis, as at Chartres.
In the Mandatum ceremony when the canons’ feet are washed, the archbishop, his ministers, and the clergy were barefoot. The archbishop and the dean washed their feet, poured water over their hands, then gave them unleavened bread and wine blessed by the prelate.
On Good Friday only the archbishop in black silk cope and his ministers in albs say the Confiteor in the vesting room, then come out entirely barefoot (and still do so today), prostrate themselves before the altar and spend some time in prayer. Rising, the reading of the two prophecies begins, and the chanting of the two tracts. Then an archdeacon chants the Passion according to St. John. (The whole rest of the office is nearly the same as in the ancient Ordinal of Rouen from the 11th century). Afterwards they return barefoot to the vesting room.
After Communion, in a loud voice the celebrant said (and still says) In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus sancti. The response was Et cum spiritu tuo. This is still the cases in the missal of 1519; the response today is Amen. Then the cantors, standing before the altar, begin a Responsory and verse, then repeat from the beginning up to the verse, while the archbishop does the incensation. In ancient times and up to the present in Vienne, this ceremony constitutes the whole of Vespers for this day.
On Holy Saturday the archbishop, vested in a silk cope and the archdeacon in a white dalmatic, preceded by candle-bearers, a subdeacon, and twelve curés-prêtres assistants and the master of the choir boys, went to the chapel of Our Lady in the cloister to admit the infants to be baptized, and the archdeacon said: Orate electi, flectite genua, Levate. Complete Orationem vestram, et dicite Amen. Then the sign of the cross was made on their heads.
The archbishop asked each the name of each, and said the oration or exorcism Nec te lateat, Satana. Then the archdeacon said Catechumeni recedant, Si qui Catechumeni, exeant foras. After the catechumens left, the archdeacon, having received the blessing of the archbishop, descended with the subdeacon in the choir in front of the altar to perform the blessing of the Paschal candle. Meanwhile the members of the minor choir stood and the major choir sat until the deacon said Dominus vobiscum.
During the blessing of the candle, the choir master (capiscol) or scholastic vested in a silk cope blessed the incense and fire, and then carried the grains of incense to the archdeacon whom he helped to embed in the holes of the candle at the proper time. Then the archdeacon lit the Paschal candle with the new fire. (Some of the faithful take away flames from this blessed fire to their homes, as at Lyon and Rouen.) Then a lector climbed the jubé to read the prophecies, which were intermixed with orations and Tracts, as they are today. (The twelve curés chanted each oration after each of the twelve prophecies according to the Missal of Vienne of 1519. Today it is done by two priests who chant them alternately.)
When they began the Tract Cantemus Domino, the choir-master took a priest and his boys with him (and perhaps the rest of the cantors too) and went to the baptismal fonts which were in the chapel of St. John the Baptist (in the cloister) and there chanted the Litany, repeating each verse three times. (This is called the Litania terna. It is the origin of the nine-fold Kyrie eleison in the Mass, in which each group of three was sung by the cantor and the two choirs in alternation.) After the Litany, everyone returned to the choir.
After the prophecies, Tracts, and Orations were finished, they invited forward those who were to be baptized. They placed the boys on the right side and the girls on the left, and said over them the orations for catechumens. Going in procession to the baptismal fonts, the Curé of St. John went with the priest assistants carrying the vase of holy chrism, as the cantors chanted the second litany and the two choirs responded. After it was finished, the archbishop blessed the fonts conjointly with the twelve curés, as they do today at Troyes; namely, they made the blessings in the form of the cross and the aspirations with the bishop, and held their hands up like him, though they did not touch either the water or the candle, as is marked in the Ordinal of the cathedral church of Vienne written in 1524.
The reason these curés assisted at the blessing of fonts at the Saturday vigils of Easter and Pentecost is because they brought with them to the cathedral all the infants of their parishes that were to be baptized. For in ancient times the only baptismal fonts were located in the cities, in the cathedral churches, as is the case today in Florence, Pisa, Parma, Padua, and elsewhere. The bishop put holy chrism in the water in the form of a cross. After the ordinary questions on the faith of the creed and other things, the priest baptized each of the infants by three immersions, plunging him three times in the water (sub trina mersione) and invoking the holy Trinity: saying Et ego te baptizo in nomine Patris, then plunging the infant once into the water, then et Filii, and plunging him for a second time, and et Spiritus Sancti, and plunging him in for the third time. Taking the infant from the font, the priest took a bit of holy chrism with his thumb and made a sign of the cross on the top of his head saying the prayer Deus omnipotens. Then the priest clothed him in a white robe in the form of an alb, saying the usual words Accipe vestem candidam etc. (Receive this robe, white and without blemish, which he must carry before the Tribunal of Our Lord Jesus Christ, if you wish to attain eternal life.) Terrible words on which Christians would do well to reflect….
After this, if the bishop is present (according to the Ordinal), he also gave the infants the Sacrament of Confirmation. Si Episcopus adest, statim confirmari oportet infantulum. Then the procession returned to the choir as two priests chanted the third litany, which was repeated seven times.
The archbishop went to prepare for the Mass, and as he returned to the altar the deacon said (and still says) in a loud voice: Accendite[1] (as the canons still do in Lyon, and used to do in Rouen less than one hundred years ago; and as is still done at Angers on major feasts). Then all the candles were lit and they began the Kyrie eleison. The whole rest of the mass and Vespers are the same as everywhere else, except that at the end, instead of Ite missa est, the deacon says Benedicamus Domino without Alleluia, on account of Vespers.
I was very surprised not to find a communion of the newly baptized in this Mass, which (as Rosweyde and Cardinal Bona prove) used to be given not only to adults but also to newborn infants. It is found in the ancient Ordo Romanus, cap. de Sabbato sancto, and was still practiced in France in the 12th century in the time of Hugh of St. Victor, who in his first book on Ecclesiastical Sacraments and Ceremonies, chapter 20, speaking of a newly baptized, said that the priest dipped the end of his finger in the blood of Christ and in this way gave the Sacrament of the Eucharist to the newly baptized infant who has learned by nature to suck. Pueris recens natis idem Sacramentum in specie Sanguinis est ministrandum digito sacerdotis, quia tales naturaliter sugere possunt.[2]
This practice of giving communion to newly baptized infants was present, not only in the 12th century, but at Beauvais less than three hundred years ago, as we see in the Ordinals of this church that go back to that time, and hence comes the custom, even today, of carrying the newly baptized infants to the high altar, which is done in the whole diocese of Rouen and in many others.)
[1] In the Ordo Romanus I, this is the word said by the subdeacon to indicate that the pope is ready to leave the sacristy and begin the stational Mass: Quod cum nunciatum fuerit, statim sequitur subdiaconus adstans ante faciem pontificis usque dum ei adnuat pontifex ut psallant: cui dum adnuerit, statim egreditur ante fores secretarii et dicit : Accendite. Qui dum accenderint, statim subdiaconus sequens tenens thymiamaterium aureum, pro foribus ponit incensum ut pergat ante pontificem.
[2] Author’s note: “On this question, see St. Augustine in his book to Boniface against the Pelagian heresy (1.22) and his letter to Vitalis, St. Ambrose, (Lib de Initiandis, ch. 8) and St. Paulinus, Letter 32. Everyone knows that the deacon in the African church gave both species to infants in their mothers’ arms, something the Greeks still do today.”
Aelredus Rievallensis Translations 3 Comments December 31, 2018 January 3, 2019 9 Minutes
Voyages Liturgiques: St. Maurice of Vienne (2)
Continuing with St. Maurice of Vienne, the Voyages Liturgiques describes the cathedral liturgy as portrayed in its 13th century Ordinal, pointing out that little has changed in the meantime. The Pre-Mass procession. The Calendar. Solemn Feasts. Christmas.
Download the French original French here.
A rátelier, as mentioned below (Source)
I think it will edify the reader to know about some of the most ancient customs that were formerly observed in this famous church, drawn from its Ordinal, which is four hundred fifty years old. In this Ordinal there is no mention of the Feast of the Trinity, Corpus Christi, or the Blessed Sacrament, of St. Bernard, St. Louis King of France, the Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed on 2 November, nor of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin. From this one can estimate the age of the manuscript and of the script, which contains characters and marks almost five hundred years old.
The solemn feasts feature the Cantores and Baudes. The Cantores are the Precentor and the Cantor who lead the choir. Baudes are the great bells, the largest of which is called Bauda.[1]
On Sunday the priest, uncovered and wearing a cope, blesses water in a bucket as in Lyon, then sprinkles the altars. The rest of the aspersions are traditionally done before the Mass during the procession by the celebrant, who wears his biretta. One can see that the Sunday procession before mass is actually meant for the aspersion of all the different places: the Church, cloisters, refectory, dormitory, kitchen, and the assistants, as we will see again later on. In fact, at Vienne they call it the “Aspersion” rather than the “Procession,” saying “sound the aspersion,” or “go to the aspersion.” The ancient Ordinal mentions the whole church and all the clergy, who come out of the choir; the cloisters; the refectory in front of which they said Oremus dilectissimi; as well as the other side of the cloister, and apparently the infirmary too, as far as I can judge from the oration Omnipotens sempiterne Deus moestorum etc.
They still hold several stations while singing Responsories. This gives the celebrant time to sprinkle everything, the station’s purpose being to wait for him, and the chant giving the choir something to do during the same time. The books indicate that the deacon carries the cross and the subdeacon carries the bucket. This ought to shame the lower-ranking clerics who perform these duties under them.
There is a rubric that we must not forget to mention. The procession should be done in this way every Sunday, except that when the reliquary with the head of S. Maurice is exposed on the altar, the procession should not be done in the cloister. (Probably so as not to leave the church where the relic of the holy Patron is exposed.) We can deduce from this that on the Sunday in the Octave of the Blessed Sacrament (or on a feast of the Patron) when the Body of Christ, the Holy of Holies, is exposed on the altar, the procession should not leave the Church.
On all ferias of Advent and from Septuagesima to Easter, they chant the hymn Christe qui lux es et dies at Compline.
They sing the great O antiphons solemnly, i.e., they repeat them after every verse of the Magnificat, as in Lyon, and as they still do at Rouen, three times in the Magnificat and Benedictus, on triple or solemn feasts.
They used to hold a station at a certain church on every Sunday of Advent and on Ember Days.
Often the subdeacons carried the candles, as we can see in many places in the Ordinal; among others, they did so on Ember Saturday of Advent and on Christmas day in three different places. On solemn feasts, it was even two priests in copes who carried the candles before the bishop.
(These lesser functions used to be seen in a different light than they are today. Subdeacons, deacons, and even priests considered it an honor to do what the least clerics deem below them today. The only reason for this is pride, or lack of understanding of how great these ministries are.)
On solemn feasts the archbishop incenses at the third, sixth, and ninth Responsories (as well as at the Te Deum). After adding the Gloria Patri, they repeat each one again from the beginning until the verse to give him time to finish his incensation.
1519 Missal of Vienne
[Christmas Mass]
On Christmas night the first six lessons were chanted by the canons, the seventh by an archdeacon, the eighth by the dean, and the ninth by the archbishop preceded by two priests in copes carrying two candles in front of him. During the ninth responsory the archdeacon vested in the sacristy in more beautiful vestments. Two subdeacons in albs carried candles before him, and a third subdeacon in a tunicle carried the thurible, and a fourth subdeacon also in tunicle carried the Gospel Book. Thus all five went to the jubé where the Genealogy was chanted cum cantu by the archdeacon.
The archbishop said the midnight Mass with the two subdeacons bearing candles, one subdeacon thurifer, one subdeacon canon, and an archdeacon. Before it began they held a station at the chapel of Our Lady. They did not say, and they still do not say, at the beginning of Lauds, either the priestly verse or the Deus in adiutorium. Rather, Lauds was embedded in the Mass, and right after the Communion they began it with the antiphon Natus est nobis, etc, with the Psalms, during which the celebrant was seated. They did not say a chapter or verse, but after the Benedictus and its antiphon, the celebrant returned to the altar to say the Postcommunion, and the deacon said Benedicamus Domino, alleluia, alleluia. The same rite is observed today. It is always an archdeacon who serves as deacon when the archbishop officiates, and the four archdeacons each have their feasts when they must serve as deacon to the archbishop. As solemn as this Mass was, it was much less so than the Mass after Terce.
At dawn they held a station at the chapel of St. Anastasia in imitation of Rome. Possibly this Roman practice explains why there is an oration or commemoration of St. Anastasia in the Mass. It was the dean who celebrated; the deacon was a simple canon; and at the end he said Ite missa est, alleluia.
The archbishop, who also celebrated the High Mass after Terce, had six priest assistants, seven deacons including the archdeacon, seven subdeacons, and seven candle-bearers, five of whom were subdeacons and two others choir boys or clergeons.
In the chapter room the Archbishop vested in pontifical vestments while Terce was sung, and the six priest assistants, seven deacons, and seven subdeacons, and seven candle-bearers vested either behind the altar, in the vestry, or in the sacristy. All members of the great choir were vested in silk copes during the Mass, before which they all went in procession to take the bishop from the chapter room in this order: First went the seven candle-bearers, then a subdeacon carrying the thurible and the canon subdeacon carrying the text of the gospels covered in gold, with the six assistant subdeacons. Then the archdeacon carried the gold cross followed by six other deacons and six assistant priests, then the cantors, who having received the archbishop’s blessing re-entered the choir and began the Introit of the Mass and the Psalm. The whole procession, the great number of ministers and officiators entered into the choir with the archbishop at the Gloria Patri. Having all removed their mitres and hoods or almuces (capellis et mitris remotis) in the middle of the choir, the archbishop first saluted the altar, then the right side of the choir, then the left, and was likewise saluted by the two choirs. Then he proceeded in front of the altar and there said the Confiteor with his ministers, the candles being set, some of them on the altar, and some at the head and end of the choir.
The Archbishop ascended the altar and incensed it, aided by the archdeacon. Then turning his back to the altar and supported by two deacons, he gave the kiss of peace to the deacons, assistant priests, and his chaplain vested in a cope. Then he went to his throne, a marble chair elevated on four steps behind the altar against the wall in the middle and back of the coquille or apse, which is still done today. In this way he can be seen by the clergy and by the people, as at Lyon.
Next they chanted the Kyrie eleison with the tropes Te Christe, etc (They are no longer sung at present.) and the Gloria in excelsis in three choirs, the bishop and his assistants comprising one. For the Gradual and Alleluia, however, two clergeons carrying tablets as at Lyon, to sing per rotulos.[2]
After the oration Concede, two major canon priests chanted (and still chant) the praises or acclamations Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus imperat, as at Rouen, and returning to the choir before taking their places, as those who chanted the Epistle, Graduel, and Alleluia, receive the blessing of the archbishop.
The Offertory was chanted with several verses, as it is still done at Lyon and formerly at Rouen.
The six assistant priests recited the Canon with the bishop and made the same signs as he, as noted in the Ordinal of the cathedral church of 1524. Suburbani signa faciant durante missa ad modum episcopi; et sic in omnibus aliis majoribus festivitatibus.
Immediately after the Agnus Dei, the cantors standing before the altar invited the clergy and people to the holy Table to participate in the holy Eucharist by singing the Venite populi, etc, much like at Lyon. The members of the great choir, which is to say the major canons and the perpetuals, standing around the altar, and those of the small choir standing in front of the Râtelier,[3] the archbishop gave the kiss of peace to all members of the great choir. After this, those who desired to communicate stayed there and communicated and the others returned to the choir. They added the praises or acclamations to the Communion antiphon: Hunc diem, multos annos, istam sedem Deus conservet. Summum Pontificem Apostolicae sedis Deus conservet. Episcopum nostrum Deus conservet. Populum Christianum Deus conservet, feliciter, feliciter, feliciter. Tempora bona habeant. Multos annos Christus in eis regnet: in ipso semper vivant. Amen. This keeps the clergy and people occupied during the communion.
(All of this is still practiced at Vienne on the days of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost, except that the seven candles are only carried on Easter day.)
[1] The cantores and baudes refer to a system of grading feasts in Vienne and elsewhere in France. Marked in missals and breviaries as ‘C’ and ‘B’ respectively, “cantores” (or “classicum”) signified some special role for the cantors, while “B” stood for the word baudes, derived perhaps from an old French word “esbaudir” referring to merriment or good cheer, to “some exterior manner of celebration whose nature is unclear” according to Robert Amiet, though here de Moléon connects it with use of bells. A calendar marks feasts with Cs and B’s to indicate their level of solemnity in a five-part gradation: 9 readings, C, 9 readings + C, C + B, C + B + 9 readings. See Robert Amiet, “Le missel du prieuré bénédictin de Saint-Sauveur-en-Rue au diocèse de Vienne,” Scriptorium 1965, p. 53 (https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1965_num_19_1_3225).
[2] In ancient churches, or rather in the ancient liturgy, after the epistle the choir boys put down their candles at the foot of the ratelier (a large seven-branched candelabrum), went to the altar to take silver tablets, on which the Gradual and Alleluia are written upon pages of vellum and present them to a canon and three perpetuals who placed themselves in the the first high chairs of the right side of the crucifix on the epistle side. Then they left their places to four others to whom they left the tablets to chant the alleluia and verse. This whole ceremonial is called cantare per rotulos. The precenter held the first place on the epistle side and the cantor occupied the first on the Gospel side, each of them with their silver rods next to them” (Troisième et dernière Encyclopédie théologique, Volume 15, p. 1680).
[3] A large, seven-branched candelabrum, one of which De Moleon describes in St. Jean of Lyon: “Entre le Chœur et le Sanctuaire aumilieu est un chandelier à sept branches appellé Ratelier, en latin Rostrum ou Rastcllarium, composé de deux colonnes de cuivre hautes de six pieds, sur lesquelles il y a une espèce de poûtre de cuivre de travers, avec quelques petits ornemens de corniches et de moulures, sur laquelle il y a sept bassins de cuivre avec sept cierges qui brûlent aux Fêtes doubles de première & de seconde classe.” Here is a striking image from the chapel of St. Etienne in Lyon.
A Farced Epistle for the Holy Innocents
Many thanks to Henri de Villiers at the Schola Sainte Cecile for permission to translate and publish his article of 28 December 2016. It is also being published at New Liturgical Movement today.
Here is a beautiful proper tone for the traditional epistle of the feast of the Holy Innocents, Apocalypse 14, 1-5. (Click here to see a downloadable pdf version in two pages.)
Here are Henri de Villiers’ notes on the chant:
This special chant for the Epistle of the feast of the Holy Innocents (28 December) was once chanted with interwoven French verses that paraphrased the Latin text. In the Middle Ages this was called a farced epistle. These epistles were chanted by two or three subdeacons on certains feasts of the year, especially during the period around the feast of Christmas, from St. Nicholas to Epiphany. We find farced epistles very frequently in liturgical manuscripts from the 12th to the 13th centuries, after which the practice seems to decline and disappear. Some however were composed as late as the 14th century, and were still sung with their texts in Old French in certain provinces of France into the middle of the 18th century, especially the epistle of St. Stephen, which is probably the most ancient. For linguists who study the history of the French language, these farces are very valuable because they represent some of the most ancient written witnesses of French, as expressed in numerous regional forms.
Here is the beginning of the Epistle of the Holy Innocents transcribed by Fr. Lebeuf in his famous Treatise on ecclesiastical chant, with tropes in Old Picard. (See the full trope with musical notation here):
Now listen, old and young, draw near to this writ. If ye listen to what this lesson sayeth and what it singeth, I ask you all that each one pray, that the Lord God may come dwell in us, and take his rest in our hearts, and not forget our end.
A Lesson from the book of the Apocalypse of blessed John the Apostle. Hearken ye to the sense and reason of Saint John’s vision. They call it “Apocalypse,” the raising of the house, and of the lofty house that God promiseth us in his name, by the Gospel and by the sermon. We must not doubt that he sayeth in his lesson.
In those days, I saw the Lamb standing upon Mount Sion, and with Him a hundred and forty-four thousand having His name and the name of His Father written on their foreheads. In those days whereof I sing to ye, Saint John saw a very large mount. Sion is its name, and on its slope there is a standing Lamb. Accompanying Him are a hundred and forty thousand children, and four thousand more withal, and in the midst of their forehead above their faces they bear the name of the living God. Mount Sion is the Holy Church, which the Lord God made and placed upon a firm and well-founded stone, and He taught Her with Scripture, which doth crush and break the haughty, and doth blow and kindle charity. But the sinner hath chosen another way, by evil counsel and by lust. He rendereth a smoky wind for flame, and doth separate himself from God’s love exceedingly. This Lamb is atop the mount, very beautiful, very good, with true wool. With Him is a very large company, but none in this multitude matches Him. It is Jesus Christ of Nazareth, Who through the heavens, on a broad plain, taketh up again and again the Innocents, they who praise God with healthy voice.
And I heard a voice from heaven like a voice of many waters, and like a voice of loud thunder; and the voice that I heard was as of harpers playing on their harps. From afar I heard the waters turn, just like the sea, and then I heard loud thundering and the clash of thunder. Then I heard the sound of harps, harpers with song. Now, we must explain this well: Our deeds, our words, and our thoughts, that we can bring together, we must give over to the Lord God. The waters are the great multitude, the bad, the good, and the incredulous, which God made to be born on earth, as many as there are flowing waters. All must in their lives praise the Lord God almighty. And the thundering I heard from God is what he shall threaten us with, thrashing us with want, and chastising us with hunger and war, as a father his child. The harps produce a melody, while man says a psalmody, and he afflicts himself with fasting when he hath no hypocrisy. Without pride and without envy, he singeth to God in symphony, and rendereth to Him a sweet harmony.
And they were singing as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four living creatures and the elders; and no one could learn the song except those hundred and forty-four thousand, who have been purchased from the earth. Those whom I mentioned, the children, will sing a song the like whereof no man hath ever heard. The news was of a new sound: it is called the Gospel, and none can hold the tone, besides the companions.
These are they who were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These follow the Lamb wherever He goes. Those who love virginity, and resolved in their hearts to keep their bodies in purity, can serve the Majesty that is of such great power. Those who have besmirched themselves and amused themselves in filth, and have shriven themselves well, and purified and cleansed themselves, shall be able to follow in tranquillity the Lamb of such great holiness.
These were purchased from among men, first-fruits unto God and unto the Lamb, and in their mouth there was found no lie. These Innocents are the first whom God suffered to be martyred, and be struck and broken down, and be defleshed on the rocks. The tyrant and the butcher, for the sake of Jesus Christ our prince, sought to kill and slay them, for Herod who wished to reign alone, with no other heir. When the tyrant beheaded them, their vermilion blood did flow, and while milk appeared, which they had first suckled from their mother, from the mouth that held her. And when the children beheld the bright sword that shone, they laughed on account of their age, for without fail when they looked they bethought that they were playing in that spot.
They are without blemish before the throne of God. For they are without any blemish, and without care of this world. To God’s holy nature they have well offered their likeness and figure as a pure offering. They shall never suffer a harsh word, if, as Holy Scripture sayeth, throughout all the days that the world should last, God shall grant them sweet pasture, and God, as good nourishment! Now, let us pray to God very simply that He might grant us amendment, and He shall sweetly hearken to us. He desireth to take us at His will hither to our end, and stand for us soit on the judgement day. Thereafter he shall give us a dwelling in Paradise, as His gift. Now, say ye all: Amen! Amen!
The French paraphrase is set in the same 7th mode as the cantillation for the Latin text, but the chant is not set to the same melody. In other farced epistles, all the strophes reproduce the same melody, distinct from that of the Latin which develops more freely from one verse to the other. It is probable that the French verses were composed to be inserted into the pre-existing Latin cantillation.
Are these cantillations, at least with regard to the Latin text, very ancient? Probably. They are found with similar melodies from one diocese to another. The two examples Fr. Lebeuf gives of the farced epistle of the feast of St. Stephen (26th December), taken from the books of Amiens (1250) and from a church in the province of Lyon or Sens (1400) contain very similar melodies—both French and Latin—but with different words for the French paraphrases (except the first strophe).
Hence the farced Epistles are precious because they let us hear an echo of the great variety of liturgical cantillations that must have been in use to chant the various Epistles and Gospels of the year. Thus they are a memory of an ancient stage of the liturgy, much richer than what has come down to us. (The Roman liturgical books since the 17th century contain only two tones for the Epistle, one being recto-tono.[1])
The chant for the Epistle of the Holy Innocents cited by Lebeuf is taken from the ancient liturgical books of Amiens. The French trope contains a full 130 verses all in masculine rhymes to facilitate their adaptation to plain-chant. Our schola preserves the chant of the Latin verses, without the French paraphrases, and we have completed the first verses provided by Fr. Lebeuf based on a 19th-century work by Dr. Rigollot. The 7th mode, which naturally has a wide range, was perhaps chosen based on the meaning of the text. The melody rises in the second verse to express the text:
Et audivi vocem de coelo, tamquam vocem aquarum multarum, et tamquam vocem tonitrui magni.
And I heard a voice from heaven, as the noise of many waters, and as the voice of great thunder. (Apocalypse 21:14)
Note that the 4th verse especially (and to an extent the 5th verse) imitates the psalmody of the 7th mode, and this psalmody might have inspired the entire cantillation for the Epistle on Childermas.
Although the Parisian books do not preserve any farced epistles, this might be because few liturgical manuscripts from Paris from before the middle of the 18th century have survived. Must we conclude that the diocese of Paris rejected the singing of farced epistles?
No! In an interesting ordinance promulgated in 1198 by bishop Odo of Sully to regulate the celebration of the feast of the Circumcision on the 1st of January in Paris, we find the following passage, which demonstrates that this city, like the other dioceses of France, also farced epistles:
Missa similiter cum ceteris Horis ordinate celebrabitur a aliquo prœdictorum, hoc addito quod Epistola cum farsia dicetur a duobus in cappis sericeis.
The Mass shall be celebrated like the rest of the Hours by one of the aforesaid, with the addition of a farced Epistle which shall be said by two ministers in silken copes.
[1] A 16th-century Missal from Cluny, for instance, provides different melodies for each rank of liturgical day.
Notkerus Balbulus Essays, Tropes 4 Comments December 28, 2018 December 29, 2018 7 Minutes
A Farced Epistle of Saint Stephen in Old Provençal
“Tropes are a genre of liturgical pieces that enjoyed some success in the Middle Ages, and in this genre, the species of farced Epistles and Gospels.[1] These were readings of the Mass in which the text of sacred Scripture is punctuated, verse after verse, by either a Latin paraphrase or a translation into the vernacular. The paraphrase or translation constitutes the farce of the Scripture text. The farce usually takes a musical and verse form.
For the feast of St. Stephen (26 December) many farced epistles of this kind have come down to us: one in langue d’oïl, Oyez trestout, of which there exists a translation in Langue d’oc, Entendes tug, and another known only from various Occitan versions and which we will designate by the incipit of one of them, Sesta lesson.”[2]
See the rest of the manuscript here (pp. 140 et sqq.).
“Leis planchs de Sant Esteve is the rhymed history in old Provençal of the martyrdom of St Stephen. It is taken from the Epistle of his feast day and, since time immemorial, it is sung every year on the feast day, at 7 in the morning, in the Cathedral of Aix-en-Provence at High Mass, which is called the Mass of the People. Attendance is surprisingly great, and the Mass is celebrated in a chapel dedicated to this same saint in the following way. When the time comes for the Epistle, a cleric, dressed in his choir dress, goes up to the preaching pulpit. The subdeacon of the Mass stands in front of it. After saluting each other (which they do again after they have finished), they sing in alternation: the subdeacon sings part of the day’s Epistle in a special tone, and the cleric in the pulpit follows with a couplet from the planchs to the melody of the Veni Creator. M. Raynouard published the planchs as they were written in 1318.”[3]
Translation from the 1318 version.
Sit down, my Lords, and be at peace,
Hearken well to what I will say.
For the lesson is true,
No word therein is falsehood. Sezes, Senhors, e aias pas,
So que direm ben escoutas:
Car la lisson es de vertat,
Non hy a mot de falssetat.
A Lesson from the Acts of the Apostles.
This lesson which we will read
We take from the deeds of the Apostles,
We will recount the sayings of Saint Luke,
We will speak of Saint Stephen. Lectio Actuum Apostolorum.
Esta lisson que ligirem
Dels fachs dels Apostols trayrem;
Lo dich San Luc recontarem,
De Sant Esteve parlarem.
In those days.
In that time when God was born,
And was resurrected from death,
And then went up into heaven,
Saint Stephen was stoned. In diebus illis.
En aquel temps que Dieus fom nat
Et fom de mort ressuscitat,
Et pueys el cel el fom puiat,
Sant Esteve fom lapidat.
Stephen, full of grace and power, was working great wonders and signs among the people.
Hear ye, my Lords, for what reason
The wicked men stoned him,
For they saw that God was in him,
And he performed miracles by His gift. Stephanus plenus gratia et fortitudine faciebat prodigia et signa magna in populo.
Auias, Senhors, per qual razon
Lo lapideron los fellons;
Car connogron Dieus en el fon,
Et fes miracle per son don.
But there arose some from the synagogue which is called that of the Freedmen, and of the Cyrenians and of the Alexandrians and of those from Cilicia and the province of Asia, disputing with Stephen.
Again him they hasten and go,
The wicked Freedmen,
And the cruel Cilicians,
And the other Alexandrians. Surrexerunt autem quidam de synagoga, quae appellatur Libertinorum, et Cyrenensium, et Alexandrinorum, et eorum qui erant a Cilicia, et Asia, disputantes cum Stephano.
En contre el corron e van,
Los fellons Losbertinians,
Et los cruels Cilicians,
Els autres Alexandrians.
And they were not able to withstand the wisdom and the Spirit Who spoke.
The servant of God in virtue,
Did know their lies.
He rendered silent the most learned,
And overcame all, good and evil. Et non poterant resistere sapientiae, et Spiritui, qui loquebatur.
Lo ser de Dieu, e la vertut
Los messongies a connogut;
Los plus savis a rendut mutz,
Los bons el malz totz a vencutz.
Now as they heard these things, they were cut to the heart and gnashed their teeth at him.
When they had heard the reason,
They knew that they were defeated.
With wrath they puff up their lungs,
Their teeth they grit like lions. Audientes autem haec dissecabantur cordibus suis, et stridebant dentibus in eum.
Cant an auzida la razon,
Els connogron que vencutz son;
D’ira lur enflan lo polmon,
Las dens cruysson coma leons.
But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God; and he said,
When the Saint saw their will,
He sought not the succor of armed men.
He looked up to heaven;
Hear ye, my Lords, how he spake. Cum autem esset plenus Spiritu Sancto, intendens in caelum vidit gloriam Dei, et Jesum stantem a dextris Dei. Et ait:
Cant lo Sant vi lur voluntat,
Non quer secors d’ome armat;
Sus en lo cel a regardat,
Auias, Senhors, como a parlat:
Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.
Now, hear ye, let it not be grief to ye,
Above the open heaven I saw,
And knew there the Son of God,
Whom the Jews did crucify. Ecce video caelos apertos, et Filium hominis stantem a dextris virtutis Dei.
Or, escoutas, non vos sia grieu,
Que sus el cel ubert vech yeu;
E connost la lo Filh de Dieus,
Que crucifixeron Juzieus.
But they cried out with a loud voice and stopped their ears and rushed upon him all together. And they cast him out of the city and stoned him.
Wherefore they were sore wroth
The faithless Jews, and they cried:
Let us seize him, who hath spoken too much,
Let us cast him without the city.
Pride can no longer be concealed,
They seize the Saint to torment him.
They shall take him outside,
They begin to stone him. Exclamantes autem voce magna, continuerunt aures suas, et impetum fecerunt unanimiter in eum, et ejicientes eum extra civitatem, lapidabant.
D’aisso foron fort corrossat
Los fals Juzieux, e en cridat:
Prennam lo, que trop a parlat,
Gittem lo for de la ciutat.
Non se pot plus l’orgueilh celar,
Lo Sant prenon per tormentar;
De foras els lo van menar,
Comensson a lo lapidar.
And the witnesses laid down their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul.
Lo, at the feet of a young man
They place their garments, the better to throw.
Saul did the first ones call him,
Saint Paul those that came last. Tt testes deposuerunt vestimenta sua secus pedes adolescentis qui vocabatur Saulus.
Vevos qu’es pes d’un bachallier
Pausan lur draps, per miels lancier;
Saul li appelleron li premier,
Sant Paul cels que vengron darrier.
And while they were stoning Stephen he prayed and said:
The Saint saw the stones come.
They are soft to him; he does not try to flee.
For his Lord he suffered martyrdom,
And began to speak thus: Et lapidabant Stephanum invocantem, et dicentem:
Lo Sant vit la peyras venir,
Doussas li son, non quer fugir;
Per son Senhor suffri martir,
E comensset aysso a dir:
Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.
Lord God, who madest the world,
And tookest us out of the depths of hell,
And gavest us thine hallowed name,
Receive my spirit on high. Domine Jesu, suscipe spiritum meum.
Senher Dieus, que fezist lo mont;
E nos trayssist d’unfer pregon,
E nos domnest lo tieu Sant nom,
Recep mon esperit amont.
And falling on his knees, he cried out with a loud voice, saying
After speaking, he knelt,
Whereof he gives us example.
For he prayed for his enemies,
And what he willed he did. Positis autem genibus, clamavit voce magna, dicens:
Apres son dich, saginolhet,
Don annos exemple donet;
Car, per sos enemios preguet,
E so que vole el accabet.
Lord, do not lay this sin against them.
Lord God, full of great sweetness:
Thus said the Saint to his Lord,
Forgive them the evil they do,
Let them have neither punishment nor pain. Domine, ne statuas illis hoc peccatum.
Senher Dieus, plen de gran doussor,
So dis lo Sant a son Senhor,
Lo mal quels fan perdona lor,
Non aian pena ni dolor.
And with these words he fell asleep in the Lord..
When his speech was wholly finished,
Martyrdom was fulfilled.
What he asked for was heard,
And he fell asleep in God’s kingdom. Et cum hoc dixisset, obdormivit in Domino.
Cant lo sermon fom tot fenir,
El martire fom adymplit;
Do so quel quer et fom auzit,
El regnum Dieus s’es adormit.
[1] Edm. Martene, De antiquis ecclesiae ritibus, vol. 1 (1736), p. 281-282.
[2] From Victor Saxer, “L’épÎtre farcie de la Saint-Étienne ‘Sesta Lesson’: Inventaire bibliographique,” Provence historique 93-94 (1973), pp. 318 – 326.
[3] From Les Planchs de Sant Esteve, ed. P. d’Aix.
Notkerus Balbulus Translations, Tropes Leave a comment December 26, 2018 December 26, 2018 6 Minutes
Farced Introits: A Prologue for Christmas Day Mass
Hodie cantandus est nobis puer, quem gignebat ineffabiliter ante tempora pater, et eundem sub tempore generavit inclita mater.
Interrogatio:
Quis est iste puer, quem tam magnis præconiis dignum vociferatis? Dicite nobis, ut collaudatores esse possimus.
Responsio:
Hic enim est, quem presagus et electus symnista Dei, ad terras uenturum preuidens, longe ante prenotavit sicque predixit:
Aña:
Puer natus est nobis… To-day we must sing of that child, Whom His Father ineffably begot afore time, and Whom His glorious Mother bore in time.
Who is this child, whom you proclaim worthy of such great acclamations? Tell us, that we too might praise Him.
For He is Whom the soothsayer and chosen companion of God, foreseeing that He should come to earth, foreshewed and foretold:
Antiphon:
A child is born unto us…
The Hodie cantandus est verses, diastematic notation from Nevers (PA 1235), East-Frankish neumes (Minden Be 11). Click to enlarge. (Source)
Farced introits represent the largest repertory of tropes after Kyrie tropes 1, and one of the most fascinating. Like sequences, they had their origin in that hotbed of liturgical creativity that was the Abbey of St Gall in modern-day Switzerland.
The earliest account of their composition in found in the continuation of the Casus sancti Galli, a chronicle of the abbey written by Ekkehard IV. Towards the end of the ninth century, a precocious young monk (plane iuvenis acutissimus) named Tuotilo wrote introductory verses for the introit of the Mass of Christmas Day—Puer natus est—which begin Hodie cantandus est. These verses proved popular, like the sequences that Tuotilo’s confrère and close friend Notker had invented some years earlier, and Tuotilo went on to write several other tropes throughout his life. Although he was nowhere near as prolific a composer as Notker, Tuotilo’s pieces were much admired; one of those who delighted therein was Emperor Charles the Fat:
The melodies Tuotilo composed are distinctive and easily recognisable, for his music is sweeter, whether on the psaltery or the rotta, at which he excelled, as is manifest in Hodie cantandus and Omnium virtutum gemmis. Indeed, he presented these tropes to Charles to be sung at the offering the king himself would make [i.e. during the offertory of the Mass, when the king would present his offerings]. When Tuotilo had composed the offertory Viri Galilæi 2, the king even bade him to add verses, [which were,] as they say, Quoniam Dominus Jesus Christus cum esset, Omnipotens genitor, fons et origo, with the following: Gaudete et cantate, and others indeed; but we mention these, so that, if you be a musician, you might know how different his music is from that of others.3
The Hodie cantandus est trope itself is an example of the melodic peculiarity that characterises Tuotilo’s compositions: the trope is in the first mode, whereas the subsequent introit is in the seventh mode; a striking modulation in the third phrase of the trope allows it to conclude in G to match the first note of the introit.
Howsoever idiosyncratic the melody of this trope may be, its text a classic example of exegesis one expects of a trope. Its dialogical structure, reminiscent of Psalm 23, is almost catechetical—Statement, Question, Response. The statement is a dogmatic proclamation of the mystery about to be celebrated in the Mass, and it elicits the question that allows the announcement of Christ’s birth to be tied into the words of the Prophet Isaias (presagus et symnista Dei) that form the introit antiphon. And at the same time the initial proclamation is a scholium on the words Puer natus est nobis, et filius datus est nobis: this son is born in time of the blessed Virgin, but is given to us by the Father, who begot him before all ages.
The Hodie cantandus est trope enjoyed great popularity throughout the Middle Ages, and is found in liturgical books as late as the 15th century, well after the general decline in the popularity of tropes.
Tuotilo’s example, moreover, proved influential in the composition of introit tropes in the succeeding centuries. In particular, there arose an entire genre of chant verses to be sung before the introit which served almost as introductions to the feast commemorated in the Mass of the day, often labelled Tropi ad processionem in northern French manuscripts and Versus ad officium in English ones. Since they were part of the procession before Mass, or even sometimes of a pre-Mass ritual, some scholars have rather pedantically decided to argue they are not true tropes. Howbeit, in some instances they do seem to have acquired a life beyond that of a mere trope, taking advantage of the dramatic possibilities inherent in the dialogical structure of the Hodie cantandus est verses. Such is the case of the Quem quæritis dialogue on Easter, whereon we hope to dedicate a future post.
In this version of the Hodie cantandus est trope, from an 11th-century gradual from the Abbey of St-Vaast d’Arras (Cambrai, F-CA 75 [76]), the original verses have become part of a larger pre-introit ritual with the heading “ad processionem”. This sort of chanted dialogue would eventually develop into so-called “liturgical dramas”.
1. By way of example, in volumes I and III of the Corpus Troporum, which contain tropes for Christmastide and Eastertide respectively, one finds 1,044 introit trope verses, against 250 trope verses for offertories and 113 for communions.
2. This offertory responsory is different from the one preserved in the Tridentine missal, and can be found on pp. 4-5 here (without the added verses).
3. Que autem Tuotilo dictauerat, singularis et agnoscibilis melodie sunt, quia per psalterium seu per rotham, qua potentior ipse erat, neumata inuenta dulciora sunt, ut apparet in Hodie cantandus et Omnium uirtutum gemmis, quos quidem tropos Karolo ad offerendam quam ipse rex fecerat, obtulit canendos. Qui rex etiam Viri Galilei offerendam cum dictasset, Tuotiloni versus addere iniungit, ut aiunt: Quoniam Dominus Ihesus Christus cum esset, Omnipotens genitor, fons et origo; cum sequentibus: Gaudete et cantate, et alios quidem; sed istos proposuimus, ut quam dispar eius melodia sit ceteris, si musicus es, noris. (Ekkehard IV, Casus sancti Galli).
Aelredus Rievallensis Essays, Tropes Leave a comment December 26, 2018 4 Minutes
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Scientific first for male turtles began off Turtle Beach
Published on November 1, 2013 October 27, 2013 by ebstein
By Paul Roat
Murphy the male loggerhead was released with a sophisticated tracking and monitoring system affixed to his carapace.
Murph is happily wending his way through the depths of the Gulf after a near-death experience off Turtle Beach.
According to Mote Marine Laboratory’s Turtle Stranding Team, “a large loggerhead appeared to be tethered to something underwater off Turtle Beach on Siesta Key. While the turtle could surface for air, it couldn’t get free. Mote Stranding Investigations Program Manager Gretchen Lovewell and Biologist Rebeccah Hazelkorn went to safely rescue the turtle, and enlisted the help of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Law Enforcement Marine Patrol and helicopter, Sarasota County, and Longboat Key marine patrols to help.
“With the helicopter hovering above and providing a much-needed set of eyes to spot the turtle, the rest of the team motored out to the right spot and found a whopping 300-pound adult male loggerhead — one of the largest turtles ever rescued by Mote.
“‘Once we cut the line, we quickly realized that he had to come back to Mote’s Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Hospital,’ Hazelkorn said.
“At the hospital, Rehabilitation and Medical Care Coordinator Lynne Byrd assessed the situation, finding that the turtle had fishing and crab trap line tangled around his neck and flippers and even had two large shark hooks caught in his shell. ‘His entanglement was pretty severe and we know he was stuck in one place for nearly a week,’ Byrd said. ‘But he’s made a great recovery and we’re ready to send this big guy home.’”
The nickname comes in honor of Navy Lt. Michael Murphy, who was killed in Afghanistan in 2005. According to Mote, “Every Memorial
Murphy, a 300-pound male loggerhead sea turtle, was released into the Gulf of Mexico in early October after recuperating at Mote Marine Laboratory&rsquo;s Turtle Stranding Center. Photo by Paul Roat
Day, Crossfit gyms nationwide host a ‘Murph’ workout — which Hazelkorn had done the morning of the rescue and so thought the name was a fitting tribute to a fallen officer.”
Murph was rescued on Memorial Day.
The large male is also a record setter. Murph was outfitted with a satellite transmitter that will provide scientists with data on his location as well as water temperature and the depth of his dives. He’s the first such male loggerhead to have such equipment in the Gulf. You can follow Murph’s travels at sea at seaturtle.org/tracking. Murph should appear under the Mote Marine Laboratory Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Hospital page.
Sea turtle nesting finished for 2013
The 2013 sea turtle nesting season is over.
Total nests in the region were down slightly from last year. Female loggerhead sea turtles laid 2,239 nests from the north end of Longboat Key south to Venice this year; last year’s total was 2,384, a 146-nest difference.
There were 30 rare green turtle nests this year, though, compared to seven last year.
Female turtles lumber ashore in the dead of night, crawl up the beach, scratch out a deep nest and lay up to 100 golf-ball-size eggs. Momma then crawls back to the Gulf of Mexico and heads out.
Females usually return to the place of their birth to nest.
Baby turtle hatchlings burrow out of the nests about 60 days after the nest was dug. Again at the dead of night, the babies scamper to the Gulf and swim like crazy or three days, reaching floating Sargasso seaweed offshore where they eat, rest, and grow.
The turtle breakdown by beach, as tabulated by Mote Marine Laboratory’s turtle team, had had 324 nests on Siesta Key (there were 326 in 2012), 66 on Lido Beach (80 last year), 639 on Longboat Key (648 in 2012), 894 on Casey Key (953 in 2012), and 316 in Venice (398 in 2012).
Perhaps to bring the numbers into perspective — or to confuse the issue further — is another number: there were a total of 1,011 nests in the region in 2005.
Turtle experts speculate that the huge spike in nests of late may be due to better protection of adult turtles from shrimp net fatalities, resulting in greater numbers of egg-bearing females coming ashore.
Kudos to the hundreds of volunteers who get up at dawn to walk the beach, spot the nests, stake them out, then monitor the eggs until the hatchlings make their way to the Gulf.
Published in ColumnsTagged Educational information, featured, Island visitors, News about Siesta Key, News briefs, Sarasota events, Sarasota News, Sarasota Waters, Siesta Key Newspaper, Siesta Key visitors, Siesta Sand news magazine, Siesta Sand paper
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Arrest of 3 burglary suspects sparks lockdown at Saugus High School
Saugus High School.
Three men were arrested on suspicion of burglary Wednesday following an early morning break-in at a Saugus drug store. Shortly before 2:40 a.m. Wednesday, deputies with the Santa Clarita Valley Sheriff’s Station responded to reports of a burglary at the Walgreens on Haskell Canyon Road at Copper Hill Drive, Lt. Doug Mohroff told The Signal. Deputies searching for the burglary suspects found a car believed to have been used in the crime parked in the parking lot of Saugus High School. “There was a commercial burglary at the Walgreens this morning,” he said. “During the subsequent containment and search of the area, deputies found and arrested three suspects.” The suspects were taken into custody. “They were captured early in the morning before school began,” Mohroff said. When the car was located, officials with the William S. Hart Union High School District placed the high school under lockdown. “There was a situation in the neighboring area involving law enforcement,” District spokesman Dave Caldwell said. “Apparently some individuals were wanted by law enforcement,” he said. “They were spotted near Saugus High School and ran. “The campus – and only Saugus High School – was locked so no one could enter while law enforcement performed a sweep of the campus. “They announced it was all clear before 7 a.m..” Caldwell said. “A message was sent to Saugus High School families at that time notifying them that normal school hours would be observed.” [email protected] 661-287-5527 on Twitter @jamesarthurholt
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Albert Einstein STEAM Academy welcomes back students
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Liberal Dominated Silicon Valley Under Attacks of … Liberal Media
Manna or Mammon in Silicon Valley? NY Times
Is Is technological innovation creating a better world, or just making lots of money for a few people? …Many tech luminaries think they are ”doing God’s work.” But are the innovations coming out of the Bay area really creating a new and better world, or just making lots of money for a few people?
Silicon Valley Is a Big Fat Lie Condé Nast
America’s most vaunted industry has also become its most self-satisfied, Silicon Valley is veering toward fall-of-Rome territory. Which is why it needs to blow up these seven myths about itself before it’s too late … Myth #1: Silicon Valley Is the Universe’s Only True Meritocracy … Myth #2: Silicon Valley Is Bringing Us Closer Together… Myth #3: Younger Is Smarter, Safer, and Inarguably Better… Myth #4: School Is for Suckers, Just Drop Out… Myth #6: San Francisco Is the (Moral, Cultural, Financial) Center of the Universe… Myth #7: Silicon Valley Is Saving the World
Silicon Valley is About Business, Not Change. NYTimes
… we have the tools and ability to build collectively owned messaging and social platforms — but instead, we have Twitter and Facebook, which mediate what users can see from other users and collect personal data to better tailor advertising sales… to reach their true potential, they would need to be uncoupled from the financial system that keeps Silicon Valley churning. Building a new platform is still incredibly resource-intensive, but the venture capital required to fund those projects is distributed with the goal of making more money, not spurring equitable innovation… Technology tools have a tremendous amount to contribute to society, but if all its power remains locked up in a tiny, concentrated (and often rather unimaginative) industry, those social and economic changes, even when positive, will always be primarily in service to private profits for a very few. And that’s hardly innovative.
Technology’s Promise of Social Justice Remains Unfulfilled NY Times
The lack of diversity of voices and the very limited perspective of those who are currently creating tech products have held the tech industry back from true change… The current tech marketplace is a bubble where the same products are created again and again, in service to the same demographic of consumers, while a broader community of both consumers and creators are systematically ignored and left behind. When will tech finally decide there is value in a broader pool of voices?
« Silicon Valley’s Most Embarrassing Case Close to End
Baidu & Google are Going Through “Apps Crisis” »
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Why is Gandalf upset when Frodo sees the script on the One Ring?
Recently I watched the first Lord the of the Rings movie, Fellowship of the Ring. Gandalf takes a envelope and throws in the fire, and picks it up and gives it to Frodo and asks him if he can see any writing on the ring.
Initially the script does not show on the ring and eventually the Elvish (As Frodo says) script becomes visible. When Frodo says he can actually see it, Gandalf appears to be upset/disappointed that he can. What does this mean? It seems like the One Ring chooses its bearer. I'm strictly speaking from the Movie and his reaction, does Tolkien ever go into more depth about this?
tolkiens-legendarium the-lord-of-the-rings the-one-ring
EricSSHEricSSH
I always took Gandalf's reaction to be more along the lines of "Well, vacation's over." – Misha R Feb 11 '16 at 9:46
"And here I was, hoping I was paranoid and this was but a little neat inivisiblity ring and I could have a bit of rest and weed after all that trouble with the dragon less than a century ago but nooooooo, it had to go and be the One g^^damn ring to rule them all and now we are all in a world of trouble..." – xDaizu Jun 16 '17 at 13:36
Gandalf is upset because the fact that Frodo sees the writing, means that it is The One Ring. It's as simple as that. Throwing the ring into the fire was the test to determine if it was in fact The One Ring.
edited Feb 11 '16 at 1:04
HimarmHimarm
I think the implied question is: why is Gandalf upset that Frodo can see the writing, since Gandalf can see the writing for himself and determine whether it's the One Ring anyway? – Sigma Ori Aug 3 '14 at 19:16
Wasn't Gandalf trying to keep it as far away from himself as possible at that point? I got the impression he was asking Frodo because he couldn't actually see it himself. – mskfisher Aug 3 '14 at 23:30
@mskfisher and there's angle. Depending on how he was holding the Ring, the writing on it may have been obscured to Gandalf but not to someone standing a few feet away from him. – jwenting Aug 4 '14 at 8:12
@TheodorosChatzigiannakis Pretty sure in the movie Gandalf says something explicitly to the effect that he should not read the ring himself, and of course, Frodo doesn't understand even if he can see it. According to this just hearing the inscription read aloud may be physically painful for the listeners. – goldilocks Aug 4 '14 at 13:43
Just checking the book. In The Shadow of the Past Gandalf throws the ring into Frodo's fire, Frodo having taken it out of his pocket. There is no mention of an envelope. And it is Gandalf who picks up the ring after lifting it out of the fire with the tongs. Gandalf then passes it to Frodo before the lettering appears. Clearly Gandalf does not fear any touch. – Richard Aug 8 '14 at 13:32
In the books Gandalf already knows the ring is the One Ring, or at least he's pretty sure it is. Immediately before he throws the ring into the fire the conversation is:
"Revenge?" said Frodo. "Revenge for what? I still don’t understand what all this has to do with Bilbo and myself, and our ring." "It has everything to do with it," said Gandalf. "You do not know the real peril yet; but you shall. I was not sure of it myself when I was last here; but the time has come to speak. Give me the ring for a moment."
So the point of throwing the ring into the fire is to show Frodo that it's the One Ring. In the book Gandalf is not disappointed to find Frodo can see the letters because he already knows what the ring is. It's a long time since I saw the film and I remember little about it, but presumably in the film Gandalf's disappointment is for dramatic effect.
John RennieJohn Rennie
In the book Gandalf just returned from an extended research-trip concerning the one ring. He interrogated Gollum and he has good reason to assume, that it's the ring. And assuming he does. But I always thought, that throwing the ring into the fire was one last test, maybe an unnecessary one, but one that makes it irrefutable. – Einer Aug 3 '14 at 8:01
@Einer Gandalf is specific about that. Well before they put the ring in the fire, he says to Frodo: "There is a last test to make. But I no longer doubt my guess." – Daniel Roseman Aug 3 '14 at 11:06
Correct me if I'm wrong, but doesn't movie Gandalf already know it's the One ring as well? When Bilbo is leaving, gandalf asks if he's leaving everything to Frodo, to which Bilbo says yes. Then they get into an argument and Bilbo calls it 'my precious', Gandalf responds by saying 'Precious? It's been called that before, but not by you.' This indicates that movie Gandalf already knew it was the One Ring, especially the way he behaved around it once Bilbo left. I think the writing signified to Gandalf that Sauron had indeed returned, not that the ring was the One Ring – Robert Dec 2 '14 at 19:18
@Robert When Bilbo called it that, I believe Gandalf knew that Gollum called the ring he possessed "my precious" (the one Bilbo called the same thing). While it was also the ring Isildur said was "precious to me" (but didn't actually call "my precious", at least not in the writing Gandalf saw), the fire was the final and certain proof of whether Bilbo's ring was Isildur's and hence the One (a test which he also got from the writing of Isildur); before then he still had at least a little hope it might not have been. Once the black speech showed up, it could only be the One. – Glen_b Jan 10 '15 at 0:18
@Glen_b again, Gandalf already knew it was the one ring due to the way he reacted to it at Bilbo's birthday party. When the black speech appeared is when he actually grew concerned because that's when the ring was making itself known. – Robert Jan 10 '15 at 3:30
At that point Gandalf knew that if it's the one ring, it must be destroyed. And he knew, that only the fires of Mount Doom can do that. And he knows, that it will not be easy to accomplish that: Probably good people will die in this course. And if they (whoever the fellowship would be) succeed everything will change in middle earth, for example he and the elves will leave Middle Earth. If they don't succeed... nightmare!
That all of this is now going to happen, becomes apparent when the inscription becomes visible: It is the one ring! Gandalf's fears became true. And that upsets him.
Himarm
EinerEiner
At that point, it has by no means been decided that the Ring will be taken to Mount Doom to be destroyed. That decision is made at the Council of Elrond in Rivendell, several months later. – Mike Scott Feb 4 '16 at 21:16
@MikeScott It hadn't been decided yet, but didn't Gandalf already know that the Ring had to be destroyed? – Era Feb 5 '16 at 20:34
@MikeScott If I recall correctly, Gandalf and Elrond are both convinced that the only option is to destroy the ring before the council in rivendell even meets. It's everyone else at the council that has to be persuaded, not the remaining members of the White Council. – Leliel Feb 6 '17 at 22:34
He's not upset that Frodo can read it; he's upset that it can be read at all.
He suspected that it was the One Ring and now anticipates that Frodo's fate is now tied to it, for better or for worse. His visible response is resignation: that is it the One Ring; that it is a problem that must be dealt with; and that the solution will be costly.
scarytallscarytall
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged tolkiens-legendarium the-lord-of-the-rings the-one-ring or ask your own question.
Why did the all member of the middle earth council agree with Frodo as ring-bearer?
What was the flash Frodo saw when Galadriel waved her hand with the ring?
Would an Istar or a bearer of one of 'the 3' be able to see Frodo if he wore the One Ring?
Why does the One Ring prevent Frodo from throwing it into even an ordinary fire that can't possibly harm it?
Did Gandalf know Bilbo had the One Ring?
Why did the One Ring not slip off Frodo's hand?
Why did Gandalf let Frodo decide where to go in the pass of Caradhras?
Could the One Ring tempt someone who couldn't touch it and didn't know it was even there?
How many times did Gandalf touch the One Ring in the books?
How does Gandalf know that dragon-fire might be able to melt the rings of power, but not the One Ring?
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What was Jaqen H'ghar doing in the King's Landing dungeon? [duplicate]
How did Jaqen H'ghar get caught? 6 answers
When Arya Stark first meets Jaqen H'ghar, he is in a cell described as a dangerous criminal whom Yoren takes from the capital's dungeons and is recruited into the Night's Watch. Seeing how this character
plays a major role in Arya's journey in Season 5,
was him being captured in Kings Landing unrelated, or
is he there to specifically guide Arya onto a path that is certain to bring her to the Faceless Men for training?
After seeing the events in the Season 5 finale, it just seems like a very convenient coincidence for them to meet in such a way.
game-of-thrones a-song-of-ice-and-fire
TheLethalCarrot
ChahkChahk
marked as duplicate by Himarm, Jason Baker, Rand al'Thor♦, Möoz, Praxis Jun 19 '15 at 1:24
This is something that can't be answered definitively by the book or show. This is a mystery at this point. – kuhl Jun 18 '15 at 17:37
Is there any more backstory in the books as to his origins as opposed to the TV show? – Chahk Jun 18 '15 at 17:39
not that I'm aware of. Unless someone else gets to this first I can put in an answer a little later describing the theories, but it'll be book heavy. Can't think of anything else in the show. – kuhl Jun 18 '15 at 17:40
What he was doing in the dungeons is not half so interesting as what he is planning to do inside the Citadel. It is speculated that Jaqen is "the Alchemist" from the AFFC prologue. – TLP Jun 18 '15 at 18:17
But the last episode showed you that the Jaqen H'ghar from S5 isn't necessarily the same as the one in S1. I mean: you see him drinking poison and dying, and then the girl is suddenly Jaqen H'ghar. "Jaqen H'ghar" doesn't exist, it's simply a persona used by one of the Faceless Men, who are "no one". Of course there was no plan to recruit Arya: just look at the impossible chain of events, including the rolling prison catching fire and Arya saving them. How would you plan such a thing? – BCdotWEB Jun 18 '15 at 18:29
First, a man who helps Arya in season 2 is not necessarily also a man training her in season 5. A man may have many faces, and a face of no-one may appear on many men. It is known.
In the books, that particular no-one has a very different trajectory to Braavos, and is almost certainly last seen (mystery spoiler in AFFC)...
impersonating a dead Citadel acolyte, "befriending" Sam, having killed a seemingly innocent young man to acquire an Archmaester's key
Whatever a man intends to do, it appears more complex than simply helping a girl become no-one.
And there's yet another layer to the mystery. A few things we learn about those dungeon black cells in the books, mostly in AFFC:
The man in charge of them (therefore, in charge of keeping Jaqen imprisoned), Rugen, was a mysterious character, "no friends, no kin", "The other turnkeys were afraid of him", "was seldom here", "came and went as he pleased". He appeared under mad Aerys (not long after Aerys hired Varys), and disappeared after Tyrion's escape (leaving behind a coin that caused Cersei to suspect the Tyrells were behind this)
Jaime, while pretending to "investigate" Tyrion's "mysterious" disappearance, appears to know some secret about who he really is:
"Rugen" the old man supplied. "An undergaoler. He had charge of the third level, the black cells."
"Tell me of him," Jaime had to say. A bloody farce. He knew who Rugen was, even if [this old man] did not.
Very few people were kept in the cells (quote from the above old man):
...we had Grand Maester Pycelle for a time, and before him Lord Stark the traitor. There were three others, common men, but Lord Stark gave them to the Night's Watch. I did not think it good to free those three, but the papers were in proper order
Those three are clearly Jaqen, Rorge and Biter - and the timing of that last point doesn't quite add up. Ned was dismissed the day after Yoren arrived late at night looking for "scum" to recruit from the dungeons. Doing the paperwork over breakfast that morning doesn't seem right, and nor does doing it after his reinstatement. Even if Ned had had time to, he'd have been unlikely to judge Rorge and Biter worthy of becoming brothers to his brother. Did someone else (Rugen perhaps?) forge the papers sending these three dangerous men north?
Rugen's description also precisely matches that of the "grizzled", stubbly gaoler Varys disguises himself as in AGOT when visiting Ned in the black cells...
Yeah, we can safely assume that Rugen is one of Varys's disguises.
This means Varys was in control of the black cells.
This suggests, Jaqen was essentially Varys's prisoner - or his guest.
Alongside a cannibal and a twisted sadist. An interesting selection of guests...
It makes sense that a master assassin making investigations would cross paths with that city's master spy - and whether they decide to be enemies or allies, they will want to keep a close eye on each other.
I've also always thought that a black cell with an unlocked door and a cooperative master spy jailer, connected to a secret network of tunnels, would be a convenient base for an assassin to conduct investigations. And it'd explain why Rorge and Biter were terrified of him, if he habitually escapes, then comes back.
Varys would have been able to prevent Yoren taking them, had he wanted to, and may have gone as far as forging the paperwork to have Yoren take them north.
Why? A user does not know... but it adds an interesting dimension to the mystery.
Thanks for all the info in this answer; there are a lot of connections here that I didn't put together while reading the books. A user deserves his +1. – Liesmith Jun 19 '15 at 7:03
It would be totally f*'d up if it will be revealed that Jaqen was in fact a guest of Varys, and he was hired to... remove the Hand of the King from his position. Which would be totally awesome in many ways. But still. Pretty cruel to Arya. – user46271 Jun 19 '15 at 21:19
tbh removing Ned is a task Varys could (did?) quite easily manage alone. If they were in cahoots, it'd be a much bigger, more elusive, more mysterious target. Like, Bloodraven level of difficult, or another one of Varys' despised sorcerors. I've suspected it's not coincidence Jaqen went to the citadel not long after meeting Qyburn the trainee necromancer, then spent time close to Marwyn the mage, then took an interest in Sam the Slayer... my gut feeling is, his mission is to find out who's behind this life-and-death blurring magic, then give them a gift. A man's gifts are not to be regifted – user568458 Jun 19 '15 at 21:29
I don't know if Varys would have done something like that himself directly. But Bloodraven makes sense, I guess. In that way it made perfect sense for Jaqen to head to The Wall. – user46271 Jun 19 '15 at 22:33
We do not know, but he was presumably there to kill someone.
We know very little of the man in general, but here is what we know from the books:
He was being kept in The Black Cells, which are reserved for the worst criminals. This indicates that he is either extremely violent or a political liability for someone important.
The other two criminals in The Black Cells, Rorge & Biter, are extremely violent and considered very dangerous, yet they're both afraid of Jaqen.
After escaping from their captors, he says that "Jaqen H'ghar" must die, and changes his face/identity.
Based on these three things, we can speculate that he had assumed the Jaqen face & identity in order to assassinate someone in King's Landing. It's highly unlikely that a Faceless Man would allow himself to be captured after an assassination, and most of their assassinations were designed to look like accidents anyway. This means that he probably wanted to be where he was, indicating that his target was quite likely IN prison at the time.
We don't know of anyone who fits this description, but it's not exactly vital to the story either. The only important death in King's Landing anywhere near the timeframe would have been Jon Arryn, but there is no evidence that a Faceless Man was involved in that. It would also mean that Jaqen allowed himself to be captured for some reason.
The actor who plays Jaqen, Tom Wlaschiha, had this to say about it:
It seems like there’s some bigger plan behind it. We still don’t know why Jaqen showed up in the first place. It always seemed kind of strange to me that he, with his abilities, would be a prisoner in the black cells in King’s Landing. We still don’t know what his secret agenda is - or if there is a secret agenda.
This is not an answer because as described in the comments this is something that will be revealed later.
Jaquen mission is to obtain a key to a room in the citadel from a Maester.
MY guess is he got caught on his way to Old Town and serendipity made him interact with Arya. Pure Conjecture
Frank CedenoFrank Cedeno
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged game-of-thrones a-song-of-ice-and-fire or ask your own question.
How did Jaqen H'ghar get caught?
Do Syrio Forel, Jaqen H'ghar and Melisandre all follow the same religion?
Why aren't people allowed to leave King's Landing?
How is there ice in King's Landing during the summer?
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What exactly happened at Harenhal when Jaqen H'ghar went to the dungeons with Arya?
Why did Jaqen H'ghar give Arya the iron coin?
Where was the kingsguard during the sack of King's Landing?
What kind of coin was given by Jaqen H'ghar to Arya?
Did Loras stay in King's Landing after he was knighted?
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Game of Thrones S04E10 “The Children”
Jon’s negotiation with Mance Rayder is interrupted when Stannis and his army overrun the wildling camp, taking Mance as prisoner on the former’s suggestion. Bran’s party comes upon the large heart tree from his visions but is attacked by skeletal beasts, who kill Jojen; the others are saved by a child, who takes them to the three-eyed raven, revealed to be an old man. In the Vale, Brienne and Podrick come across Arya and the Hound, whom Brienne engages and critically wounds. He begs Arya to kill him, but she refuses and leaves him for dead. Now on her own, she enters a ship headed to Braavos, intending to reunite with Jaqen H’ghar. Meanwhile, in King’s Landing, Cersei orders Qyburn to do anything to save the Mountain, who is poisoned by Oberyn’s blade. She gets involved with Jaime, who releases Tyrion. Tyrion later finds Shae in Tywin’s bed and strangles her to death. He then confronts Tywin in the privy and kills him, escaping the city with Varys. In Meereen, Daenerys is visited by a citizen who brings the charred remains of his daughter, who was burned by Drogon. As a precaution, Daenerys chains her two other dragons in the catacombs.
Categories: 2010s, GameofThronesScreencaps.com
Game of Thrones S04E07 “Mockingbird”
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011)
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What We’ve Seen
Our Deities
Moviegoer’s 10 Commandments
23 Apr 2019 Screen Zealots 2019 Film Reviews 241 comments
LOUISA:
We need to talk about Thor.
Let me back up for a second and explain. I love superhero movies. Marvel is by far my favorite cinematic universe. “Avengers: Infinity War” was on my Top 10 Best Films of the Year list. It pains me to say it, but “Avengers: Endgame” left me so disappointed in its (what I had hoped would be an exciting) conclusion. This sequel is a complete letdown.
From the beginning, everything about this movie feels “off” in terms of tone and attitude. There’s an inordinate amount of moping and glassy-eyed staring into the camera. It’s great that the filmmakers choose to focus more on the human connections between the group, but the emotional character development turns this into a thinking person’s “Avengers” that stresses brains over brawns.
Smart superhero movies are great, but I doubt this is the film’s target audience. Adult themes like remorse, heartbreak, crushing guilt, and making the tough decisions that can ruin your own family while saving others is something that may punch a 40 year old man in the gut but will leave his 8 year old slumped in his seat with his hands on his chin. I feel most of this movie will go over the heads of most kids. Hell, I’ll wager a bet that half the adults in the audience will be confused by the inconsistencies of the varied time travel explanations.
You heard me.
They’re the two most dreaded words in a blockbuster movie that’s written itself into a corner: time travel. Can’t figure out a solid ending? Go the cheap “let’s go back and rewrite history by transporting ourselves through the space / time continuum” route. The film plays with time in a way that is less fanboy fun and more lazy storytelling. It’s so similar to the “Star Trek” reboot and “Back to the Future” that it feels like a cop-out rather than a well thought out solution to the Thanos puzzle. Once again, fan theories that have peppered the internet in the last year prove to be more exciting and interesting than the actual movie.
“Endgame” is entertaining enough, but not what I would call enjoyable. The story is at its best when it jumps around in time and we see how each of the remaining heroes deal with life after the snap, grappling with their colossal failure to save half of the universe. It’s humanity like this that makes us all aware that even superheroes are fallible, and it’s darker territory for what normally would be a lively springtime blockbuster.
The snapped Avengers play very little role in the narrative and the remaining heroes aren’t robust nor charismatic enough to carry the movie (Hawkeye and Black Widow, I’m looking at you). There’s also zero sense of real danger, something that the film’s predecessor had going for it (but at least the menacing Thanos firmly clinches his throne as one of the very best screen villains in comic book movie history here). But what’s truly unforgivable is the decision to make an iconic character an absolute laughing stock and the butt of many jokes. His initial introduction in the film is mildly amusing, but increasingly feels more and more distasteful as it drags on.
Most of the new Marvel clichés make an unwelcome appearance, including the continuous, borderline offensive pandering to women that kicked off in a spectacularly over-the-top fashion in “Captain Marvel.” We get it, House of Mouse: women can be superheroes too! There’s no need to include disingenuous all-female shots of your complete roster of lady characters when they are fighting among men. It’s time to buck up, really show them as equals, and refrain from treating them as a separate movie still that’ll look good on a poster touting the studio’s diversity initiatives come awards season.
There are even more emotionally manipulative “hold for applause” (and “hold for tears”) moments accompanied by soaring music that are dripping with an obnoxious insincerity that quickly sours the whole experience.
It’s not all bad, however. Alan Silvestri’s score is beautiful, and there are some clever plot points that are sure to bring delight (I especially enjoyed the way Ant-Man is brought back into the story). While the majority of the comic relief goes for passive, obvious jokes, there are some unexpected cameos guaranteed to bring smiles to faces. Also enjoyable is how several previous “Avengers” movies are incorporated into the story, providing Easter eggs that will deliver diehard fans the appropriate closure as the arc comes full circle.
The brightest spot here is the cast, all giving performances from the heart. There’s not a dog in the bunch, and this is one of the very best acted MCU films to date. You can tell how important these roles are to the actors, so much so that they literally lend their personal signatures of approval to the closing credits.
Much has been said about the 3 hour plus run time and yes, this movie feels long. There’s too much story exposition at the start, which kicks everything off with a sentimental whimper rather than the bang many will be expecting. The film follows a conventional storytelling timeline, and the couple of obvious, direct rip-offs of “Star Wars: The Force Awakens” did nothing but remind me of the far better movie. It’s as if J.J. Abrams set the new standard of what’s supposed to happen in a big budget studio movie, ensuring that any “surprises” no longer feel that way.
What doesn’t work outweighs the good, making “Endgame” and its anticlimactic ending a real bummer. While this film is disappointing, I need to be fair: it’s something I feel is a direct result of “Infinity War” and its outstanding setup being so great. But even when taken as a standalone film, this sequel proves to be a letdown.
AvengersAvengers: Endgame
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25 Apr 2019 at 7:18 am
“There are even more “hold for applause” (and “hold for tears”) moments accompanied by soaring music that are dripping with an obnoxious insincerity that quickly sours the whole experience.”
Woman . . . you best not be talking about the scene where Cap wields Mjolnir.
Screen Zealots says:
Nah, mostly the end with the black suits.
I am happy to see I am not alone on this. Thank you for wording my issues with this movie.
Seriously, literally all the things I nagged about are written here
Thanks! Good to know others feel the same way. So bummed at how disappointing the movie is.
25 Apr 2019 at 11:00 am
I haven’t seen the movie yet, but I felt the need to read the negative reviews because those are more honest these days. After seeing what happened to Alita and then in contrast saw Captain Marvel I’ve realized that the people who are paid to promote a movie can be quite biased. I also understand that it takes a lot of courage to go against the grain. Thank you very much for this review and I applaud your dedication to your fans. Thank you for being true to yourself and what you love.
Thank you so much for the kind comments, they mean the world to me.
librini says:
Time travel in this movie Is realistic, but It Is not realistic that captain America get old…
It is realistic that he got old. He didn’t come back through the time travel spot but decided to arrive in front of them over the view with the same spot and time that he originally went back in the 1970s. He lives out his life like a normal human being. BTW He’s not immortal…Not a fanboy, I just didn’t agree with half of that.
Good point, thanks for commenting.
That doesn’t make sense since they don’t actually time travel. He didn’t go back into their own timeline so he couldn’t just wait for this very moment. Anyway this could be a long discussion since dimension and time travel are bullshit and have no actual rules.
Good point!
Naz (@_naz142) says:
Fair argument.
Great review! I enjoyed reading your breakdown of the movie. I will be seeing it anyway, but I was interested to hear negative reviews on it as well. I also feel it’s been super hyped and I’m a little nervous hearing that a lot of fan theories were better than the reality. Ah well. I kind of expected it. Thanks for your honest and helpful review! 🙂
Hi Catherine! I hope others enjoy it more than I did. See it soon so you’ll avoid spoilers.
Josué J. says:
Not to mention all the deus-ex-machina that goes on the whole time.
Steven Majewski says:
SPOILERS AHEAD
I fully agree with this review. I would give INFINITY WAR a solid B while I would give this one a D. The writing felt really, really lazy with the time travel and the first 15 minutes is two steps back from everything Infinity War set up. This felt like a bad episode of Dr Who. The survivors were incredibly dull (I enjoy Don Cheadle but this performance felt like a stop up to pick up a check, hell, probably a dozen actors here felt like they phoned their performances in)
The stones being destroyed, Thanos picking fruit (Not sure why I was the only one laughing), Thanos, the big baddie who killed half, being treated like a punk, time travel, time travel silliness, forced and cheap emotional moments (Stark’s near miss in the first 15 minutes only to get *another* one at the end thats hard to even care about), the Iron Man stone moving gauntlet (I was seriously the only one wondering wth was this, it was never mentioned or hinted at before)
The Cap hammer bit was cheap, and while I get it; he is worthy, it was pointless and pure fan service.
Adam Warlock doesn’t even show up, which is a waste of an Thanos / Infinity Stone / Cosmic storyline.
The five years later bit was silly, and had crowds confused.
Great comments, and I agree. I also laughed at the fruit picking scene, for what it’s worth. Thanks so much for taking the time to share your thoughts.
Alek says:
The movie feed you dozens of ‘wait, what just happened’ moments that are meant to give fans fun nostalgia feelings, when in fact it’s smoke and mirrors to cover up the hundreds of mile-deep plot holes that make no sense. Basically, any rules that this universe held true to in previous movies, and even this one, are completely thrown out the door . . . everyone can do everything, and also nothing . . . and just for funzies they add a girl-power me-too moment.
Yep, completely agree with your assessment, Alek.
GamingRock says:
I agree with you.
Spoilers:
Thanos needed a whole movie to collect the stones however, they were able to collect them very easily. I felt that they went back only to revisit the old movies before saying goodbye. They could have made collecting the stones more challenging.
Great point, thanks for sharing.
You nailed it. Infinity War was so perfectly paced and made so much sense and now such a cheap and cheesy conclusion? I really hope this will be the exception and not the new Marvel standard. Up until now I loved all MCU movies. With Captain Marvel I started to have first little doubts, because she is soo powerful, and now this desaster. I tried to look up comic references. Cap at least hold the hammer for a short moment in Thor #390, but Thor was never fat like that. It is really unnecessary. The “being fat” joke in Infinity War makes sense, because Chris Pratt actually put on some weight, so they used that fact and tried a comedy angle. But with Thor? Chris Hemsworth is still in good shape and it serves absolutely no story purpose. It is just used for bad jokes. And time travel as you said is the worst option you can take to solve a problem. It is a shame, because they have proven that they can be so much better!
I am a bit anxious about the next phase. At least they got James Gunn back and hopefully we get another Taika Waititi…
Agree with everything you just said. Thanks for commenting!
LSilver says:
You were absolutely right. There was basically one action sequence and that was at the end. The remaining two and a half hours could be called ‘an actors’ film’ in that they get to do what they love best which is emote while looking anguished. And all the critics are saying that the climax is the biggest and most exciting superhero battle ever filmed but, while technically proficient, the sequence felt perfunctory and generic like a video game cut-scene. And the audience i saw it with was grumbling and getting restless like they couldn’t understand why there was all this talking and talking and talking and no action. And after the big fight, it felt like the movie just kept going on and was taking forever to end. Apparently it’s too much to ask for a superhero film to just be fun these days.
That was a big issue with me too: I love dramas as much as anyone, but this doesn’t feel like a fun superhero movie. And at the end of the day, that’s what most of us want. I had a feeling audience / fan reactions would differ from critical reactions. Thank you for sharing your thoughts.
you’re an idiot
Me or someone else? I’d love for you to expound on this.
James Moss says:
My opinion of the movie 100% does not align with yours, but kudos to you for keeping comments open.
Thanks James! Would love to hear what you felt about the movie.
This site really cheered me up after the letdown of the movie yesterday.
On the bright side, as I crawled the internet for reviews that match my emotions, I found this site. That would definitely not have happened if Endgame had been a more worthy follow up to Infinity War 😉
I flipped through your TOP 10 lists and I got some new inspirations for future movies. THANKS! *non native english speaker*
Oh, thank you so much for the kind words. I know lots of fans are feeling the same disappointment I am.
I think some of the fan service was absolutely needed. Hammer Cap and Avengers Assemble. The most disappointing for me was the lack of battles. Infinity war had the feels in it but didn’t have to stop progression to do so. The most disappointing for me was the lack of a Hulk redemption.
Great comments! Thanks for sharing.
I’m ready for the fanboy hate.
Sexist.
Fanboy is used as a generic term, much like mankind. But yeah, I can add in fangirl as well. Thanks for the suggestion.
simonsez.junk@gmail.com says:
Fanboy is often a (somewhat hurtful) term used by non-fans who “just don’t get it”. I appreciate the fact that you alluded to confusion about many of the plot points and references, but many of the moments that you write off as unwanted exposition, nostalgia, and fan service, are the payoff to a decade-long investment that many fans were actually awaiting.
I agree that the movie is inferior to it’s predecessor, and probably doesn’t work as well as a stand-alone film, but that is obviously not the point for a culmination of 20+ interconnected endeavors. There was some over-the-top silliness, the action in the final act seemed a bit garbled and over-crowded, and some of the emotional moments felt quite obligatory and predictable (but never the less brought the feelings).
I know you said you are trying to foster fanboy (fangirl) hate. I’m not sure why picking fights has become a staple for reviewers, but disparaging actual fans is becoming an all too common practice in reviews recently. It is my hope that there is a way to highlight this trend “to bash other’s opinions” as extremely negative, and counter-productive, without escalating into the hate for which you claimed to have steeled yourself?
Endgame, IMHO, IS still a good movie! Is it perfect? Definitely not… it did a more-than-adequate job tying up a series of stories, that have been enjoyed by many people, tapping far into “mainstream” movie-goers, not just “fanboys”.
Thank you for this. As a fan myself, I never considered the term to be hurtful, so I apologize. In no way was my review meant to disparage fans because, again, I am one myself.
Rupert Russell says:
I like to read the ‘bad’ reviews first and in hindsight this critic is spot on, thank you!
I scanned through the comments yesterday, some interesting points, many from people who’ve not yet seen the film. I’d be curious to know what they think post viewing?
Huge fan of some of the MCU offerings, lot’s that did nothing for me. Loved ‘Assemble’, dismissed ‘Age of Ultron’, blown away by ‘Infinity War’. ‘End Game’ was poor in comparison. I raised an eyebrow 2-3 times, laughed a few more but never sat forward in anticipation of any single moment, didn’t shed tear and yawned a few times.
Lucky to have Game of Thrones to keep me distracted!
Thanks, Rupert!
Ok. No doubt You didnt like enjoy the movie, becouse You didn’t watch it. The time travel in this flick doesn’t rewrite history. And the Avengers explained that TWO times in the movie. That’s why they only brought back snapped victimes. the explained everything abaout the rules of time travel that happens in the movie. TWICE. How can you not catch it. Recommend you wa Another thing is how can You not enjoy all famale shots when You’re a woman by yourself? Maybe you’re aware of power and importance of the girls in hollywood, bou the 90 % of population not. That’s why there must be scenes like this! The same goes with Russo cemeo when he tells about his date.
I’m working on an article about all of the inconsistencies of the time travel aspect in the movie. There are many. The female “hold for applause” moment felt disingenuous and pandering, and I expect more — and fans should demand more — from studios.
chimbrouer says:
@Rupert Russell says: “Lucky to have Game of Thrones to keep me distracted!”
That was exactly my thought when I left the cinema: “Hopefully the climax at Winterfell on Sunday in episode 3 will redeem my faith and joy in fantasy films”. *Fingers crossed*
Regarding time travel:
As I understand, the underlying idea is: Every time I go back in time, I create a new timeline (=branch) which is different from the timeline I am coming from.
Now what the avengers did is: They created multiple new timelines and the interacted with these timelines. They stole the stones from these timelines. Is this responsible? Should they do this? What about the damage they do to these timelines. E.g. Loki freed himself in one of these timelines. How much damage may he do in that timeline. And the Avengers of our timeline are responsible for that damage! But they just don’t care. This is selfish behavior! Not “worthy” for an Avenger you may think… 😉
Another good point!
Dez says:
That’s why Cap went back in time to return the stones to the exact point they were taken. This way there would be no branching timelines. This was explained very clearly by the ancient one before she gave up the time stone to Banner Hulk. It was a selfless task carried out by cap, and at the end of it he made one more time jump as a reward to himself. The bit that does not make sense is how cap – having branched off a new timeline from the 1940’s/50’s managed to appear back in the previous timeline in 2023 having waiting in real time until then. But then again who knows how time travel would really work?
More very good points, and yeah, I caught the Cap explanation. But the time travel inconsistencies were enough to make my head spin! Thanks so much for commenting .
Also killing the whole army from Thanos is a questionable thing. These are also living beings. The avengers did something comparable to genocide or holocaust you may argue. It would have been enough to kill Thanos and move those other beeing back to their home planet. Even in WW2 they took prisoners and did not kill everybody from the opposition after winning a fight.
Even Thanos only killed 50% of his “enemies” not 100% .. 😉
I know this is a bit of nitpicking for a fun blockbuster movie. Forgive me.
What interesting points you bring up. I hadn’t thought of it this way, and thank you for sharing.
And what about the 5 years later scenario. 50% of the people vanished. Now we have about 7.5 billion people. 50% means about 3.75 billion people. That is the world population of 1971.
Do you really think there would be no baseball games any more? A deserted stadium? Why? Life would go on, that is what humans are about. Sure they all will grief the loss of relatives and friends, but life will go on 5 years later. So the I do not believe in this deserted baseball stadium world. That is a 5-10% people scenario, not a 50% scenario.
My husband said the same thing. The baseball scene really bothered him for the same reason.
Sorry, my mind can’t stop 😉
The scene when Black Widow and Hawkeye both want to give their life.
I can believe that Hawkeye is the most important being for Black Widow.
But is Black Widow really the most important being in the world for Hawkeye? What about his kids? Or his wife, the mother of their children? Are these not the most important people in Hawkeyes life? Maybe not. Or they do not count, because at that moment they are dead/suspended? Or Black Widow is really more important to Hawkeye than his daughter. But I doubt that.
In that scene I thought: It must be Hawkeye, because of the above reasoning.
Gala says:
I couldn’t stay out of the convo lol
Well at that moment HE didn’t had his family. All it was left was BW, part of the family in his book. Actually I kinda felt that will be BW cause there was no family legacy for her, not in a past nor in future. Plus once I heard there are rumors of BW standalone movie with past stories of hers – well kinda made sense. Not to mention HE would be Ronin for 1h 30m only if he was about to be sacrificed.
Not to defend movie, that scene actually did made sense for me, but here are some that where not. And let me assure you those aren’t “Fan service” ones that I will address, but the ones that rubbed me the wrong way in a sense that I felt mocked, or like I am blind follower that will swallow anything ( in a way insulting me as a fan and my intelligence).
Ok here we go. No order for this instance nor referencing time travel issues or so. Not even the obvious ones but the ones that I find important to me. The issue with returning stones to there timelines. Ok time stone will be given to Ancient one, others will be placed to suitcase and storage room etc. But how Cap managed to “return” Reality stone to Jane and, by far, something I was looking for to see: Soul stone! And to Red Scull! You know, Captains, in a way, reason for becoming what he is!? And how he actually managed to return it? Hypothetically, let’s say he managed to get to that reality moment before BW was counting meters of that cliff… how did he “give” back that stone? And how did he react seeing his archenemy? Hmmm…
Next is actually holding stones with out orb, urn, cube, well any kind of protective object. I clearly remember when Ego told SL in GotG vol2 that “once he heard about Teran that was able to hold IS in hand, he knew that was his son”, or something along that line. The stone killed the room service girl at Collectors place, almost Peter as well, until all Guardians shared power, strenght, whatever with him. And he is partially Celestial! He said so, well not in that exact words, but he said to Tony “that 50% that is bad, that’s 100% you ( lol )” in End Game ( if you don’t recall GotG 1 & 2 ). Yet, our heroes where able to hold stones, multiple times, in there bare hands during time travel part.
I am not even going to go to bringing Mjolnir to our reality, mostly cause I like that part ( lol! ) and as Chim said, because I can’t even imagine how that impacted that, past reality, however I have strong issue with battle scene with Mjolnir. That wasn’t the Cap scene, it was scene where Thanos was actually able to push Mjolnir towards Thor. Now, no one, except Vision was able to lift Mjolnir before, let alone stop it ( that Quicksilver scene from AoU ). Pushing also counts as Loki can confirm. So we can establish, that up to Past Mjolnir no one could control or cary Mjolnir nor push it well not by brutal FORCE! Now, all of the sudden Thanos is able to do so.. or is he valuable enough to do so? Which lead us to next… Thanos stamina… I mean this is something that entire theater had issue swallowing during movie. The fact that heroes had hard time with immobilizing him, even more then once he had gauntlet… it’s just wrong…
And then was Gamora… that just … vanish! Was she wipe out by IM? If so – why? She fought on avengers side. We where even given scene with her and Peter and … nothing after. Like really nothing. We don’t know what happened. Did she return to past? Stayed in present? Killed? Survived? What happened to her! She wasnt on ship with the rest of the team. And I mean, she was first real casualty of Thanos, the one that shifted tone of Infinity War and put another layer on Thanos to his character… she deserves more than simple randevu with Peter and to be extra in battle so the others Heroes exit be more plausible…
Thanos character was also no consistent comparing to Infinity but I had problem with Scarlet Witch the most! I know, I know, it sounds like I am nitpicking but honestly that really rubbed me the wrong way. The “you took everything away from me” was really powerful but kinda sounded like a lie knowing SW history. Everything was taken away from her in AoU ( she volunteered 4 experiments to avenge her killed family ), then she was taken freedom, credibility and half of the surrogate family during Civil war. Now with Vision, Thanos is guilty. I mean, he is, no doubt,but she switches priorities in every movie. Like, family that have her doesn’t matter. And that’s where my biggest concerns stand as well. The family… the part that was crucial to this movie, something that was emphasized so many times here… I mean really Cap? Not shield to Bucky? That’s the guy you cared so much! 2 movies actually! Beside Carter that was your next big person! And you just didn’t give anything to him, no explanation, nothing… Vacandanians did more for him then you at the end… and the 3-4 persons around Iron once he fall? Thor leaving his people? Dang… doing so much entire movie cause they own to others, for there family and in the end they are more disjointed then connected…
I don’t even wanna start about Pegasus…
Don’t get me wrong, I like epic moments, they are welcomed, but they are there just so they can be “given” and not because they are epic in true matter or because they are important for story or needed for narrative let alone logical or rational…
Someone might say I look too much in to this and completely exaggerated 2 or 3 points in this list or that list isn’t important to the story or that this is superhero movie ( what did I expect duh ). Well excuse me, but I expected to be treated as a fan and customer and with respect that doesn’t indulge me on some silly way or stamps on my intellect. For something that’s closing 11 years and 22 movies, my time, emotions and money invested in it – well I should be treated with more. More for connection that was present during previous movies at least. All my questions are not out of resentment but because I care. Because I swallowed, eat and breath all those movies that actually tried to explain something, that showed investment with story complicity, Easter eggs, surprises, details in every aspect! I referenced every movie before that addressed some issue that’s totally out of the window in End Game, things that where ether emphasize or magnificently portrayed or repeated in previous installments.
It just feel sloppy. It feels that it was made solely to be made because that was expected.
I like movie cause it’s legacy and closure however it’s more homage then fulfillment. Which true fan doesn’t need, cause they will worship everything but with respect so walk throw the memory lane wasn’t for fans, they know almost every scene in every movie. What they needed was epic, coherent, brilliant closure. And we got only closure.
Yes, thank gosh for GoT, cause that will keep me occupied from mourning a year of anticipation, my phone battery that screamed for every notification from trailer crackers on YT and movie news outlets, etc etc lol
I am glad I watch it, I would kick my behind if I haven’t, I am glad I spend this 11 years with this story I am just not pleased with overall impression of End Game that felt short, weak, unchanging and butchered…
Its and ok movie… but by my opinion not for ppl who look into the entire franchise with respect and seriousness…
Wow, thank you so much for taking the time to share this! I enjoyed reading it, and what great points you bring up.
Trunuyawkr says:
Regarding your “Where’s Gamora?” Question: as Thor is walking into Peter’s ship (just before the “who’s in charge” argument) we see Quill doing a search for Gamora on the computer, which he quickly shuts down once he hears everyone coming. So, to me that means she’s alive and still in the new timeline; yet the fact that the computer can not find her means she is somewhere beyond distant, possibly with Nebula learning to be sisters again.
I’m living my best one now, thanks!
Thanks for the review man. I’m glad I’m not the only one who noticed many annoying flaws. Still sad I didn’t enjoy the film though.
Yep, I’m so sad too. I wanted to love it so badly.
@Trunuyawkr
Yeah saw that too but the thing is I believe she deserve to have clear stand. She was a tool for Gamora storyline as well Infinity war. It just seem odd that one moment you see her next you don’t. Especially with that Peter encounter. I know it’s not pivotal for End game but wasn’t necessary to cut her like that after bringing her to reality and setting her up as important tool for narrative. I know there is “imagination” factor, but even dusted char had ending scene. She was left out with no appears to reason and yet she was very important as cause and tool especially to leave her to our imagination… that’s the empty thing I find disturbing. I remember the dust that was stirred when Lady Sif was no where to be seen, but one can say “she wasn’t very important to story telling, maybe just for main char feelings and traits exploration, a proxy” but Gamora certainly is more then that just to be “invisible” and “untraceable” after all…
For a very “clear” movie that’s a bit murky, probably not that important cause it will be explained in next installment but still a let down…
@ screen-zealots & Louisa
Likewise. It’s my opinion thou, felt need to share because, just like you, was ready to love it right from first second, yet it was a long story full of circumlocutions. Still ok but as someone said before almost entire time was like deus ex machina. Part of loving something or someone is also pointing what it didn’t work and was wrong to make it even better. I know this might be bias grounded by personal preferences and gravity towards importance but balance, consistency and coherency should be priority not privilege to fans.
Great observation, thanks for commenting
I dont think these movies can be judged as movies but parts of a very long very expensive tv season with 22 episodes. None of these films have any gravity without that personal investment . Christopher Nolan made s super hero trilogy of movies that stood out independently and required very little if any knowlege of what went before. I can only hope that now the mediocre season finale is finished that we get some stronger individual films next tume around
Absolutely took the words right out of my mouth.
Ondray says:
Hi, while your review doesn’t seem that negative, you only rated the movie 2/5. I would like to show my view on this.
Warning: My comment contains movie spoilers (and also bad english).
1) “Go the cheap “let’s go back and rewrite history by transporting ourselves through the space / time continuum” route.” Well thank god time travel doesn’t work like that here. They had to do it different way, because you can’t change the original future by affecting the past – you are visiting an alternate timeline by going to the past. The elements beyond this are the infinity stones and they have to be brought back to the same moment when they were taken. They don’t have to, but it’s selfish to doom the other timelines, isn’t it? All the past MCU movies led to quantum realm travelling (starting with Ant-man, that’s why he was introduced). Each movie plays a part in this big story and everything was explained before. Only Hulk added one line to this and even compared it to other movies, where it works differently than in their universe.
2) Thor
While I’m not a fan of this big superhero change, they HAD to do it. Why? Because at the end of Infinity War we all know what happened. Fully powered Thanos with all 6 infinity stones got very nearly killed by Thor who just threw his Stormbreaker at him. He only aimed at the wrong spot with his weapon. Thor obviously feels guilty for his mistake… the Avengers would have won. Instead half of the universe turned to dust. Not half of humanity or the Earth, but half of the whole UNIVERSE. Just because he wanted to let Thanos know that he’s about to get killed, but not delivering the final killing blow. There was no real danger on new Asgard or the Earth now, so Thor just goes with his new lifestyle (he always loved beer anyway). 5 years later he kind of moved on, but still froze and felt guilty when Hulk said the name Thanos. He doesn’t believe in himself anymore (he later has to check if he’s still worthy of Mjolnir), he gets fat, lazy. But he still feels anger towards Thanos and joins the fight anyway, but he is not in shape and form anymore to do much. If he was, he would have just killed Thanos easily, like he almost did in Infinity War. They couldn’t just make Thor disappear from the movie, they had to “nerf” him. 😀
3) The women power scene
Oh yes, very unnecessary, but I heard some cheering in my movie theatre. I guess someone liked it, but it felt very forced (characters landing out of nowhere, all suddenly at the same side of the battlefield, without any communication?). There is no “all men” scene, you know what I’m saying.
4) Movie length
I don’t think the movie was long at all. Actually I think so many important scenes were missing.
We didn’t see anything about the New Asgard, it just appeared, fully built. They skipped Captain Marvel’s arrival in the beginning (Cap Marvel post credits scene was enough I guess?). No Hulk-Banner transformation. Nothing about Cap returning the stones! (This opens up a ton of questions: How did he return soul stone or aether? Did he jump back to the time where the other Cap was frozen, that’s why he could stay with Peggy? And when the other one “unfroze” did he jump back to present? Did he visit Wakanda to get the new shield?).
In my opinion there weren’t any unnecessary scenes except the “funny” ones (but it’s Marvel after all).
5) Time jump
I know this isn’t really your point, but some people in this comment section seem to dislike it.
The 5 year time jump was necessary, because it took 5 years until the rat stepped on the button in the quantum van. 😀 Funny to think the entire universe relied on a rat.
As a standalone movie it really wasn’t that great. But imo this was the perfect end for the Avengers.
Thanks if you went through my super long comment and I’m sorry for my not-perfect english. 😀
This is an amazing analysis, and thank you for taking the time to share it. I understand your comments about Thor, but I still think going that route in the film was unnecessary.
Alex Heinlein says:
In the end, they made a LOT of fans happy and themselves more money than you’ll ever see. Thankfully you don’t speak for the fans who happily gave them money more than once this weekend to see such a “lackluster” movie. That’s why you write about movies instead of create them. Get lost.
And I’m thrilled for the fans who were happy with the film, I’m just not one of them. No need to be rude.
Maybe another thing to think about:
Normally there seem to be three things necessary to do a timetravel: 1. a special Quantum Realm Nano Suit, 2. a special Quantum GPS device 3. the time machine itself.
Thanos and all his minions in the armee and the space ship itself were missing at least 1. (the suit) and 2. (the GPS device). So how was Nebula able to pull that stunt?
Yeah, I know we are a bit too analytical here, but why not 😉
I just loved how quickly Stark discovered a time travel solution. I laughed out loud! Thanks for sharing your observations.
You have a point about the suit, and I hadn’t thought about that. In order for the Pym particles to work, the suit would’ve been a necessity. However, I didn’t have an issue with them traveling in time to the right point – bad Nebula had the time GPS unit she took from good Nebula. Traveling back to their time would’ve been unnecessary anyway, since Thanos’ plan was to get the gauntlet with the stones, and he could have done pretty much anything he wanted to, so I wasn’t concerned about his return trip.
rAdishhorse says:
Thanos and and his army don’t have Pym particles to begin with. Only bad Nebula has and she also didn’t have the suit. How were they able to shrink that ship?
Remember how Rocket gave the Benatar to Natasha (or was it Clint)? It was like a small bird origami.
One possible answer is that Thanos ordered his minions to replicate Pym particle. Or Nebula just rig the time travel machine which Tony Stark created. In fairness, it was implied that Tony has been working on a time travel machine for quite some time before he figured it out.
Yeah, Nebula actually becomes a genius that she actually rigged a.k.a. removed all the plot contrivances Tony programmed into his Quantum machine to be able to bring Thanos back to the future.
But I have a much better answer: All of the above—that’s just lazy writing!
The inconsistency in the time narrative within the movie makes my head spin.
Yup I said it says:
https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/apr/26/avengers-endgame-critics-film
Lady said it all… for all those “argumentative flock that thinks of them self as a part of something grande”! I guess they still think earth is round cause “minority” thought ( and had proof ) that’s not the case… and since you, me, guy over there is minority – we must be wrong, right?
If anyone said anything but great and brilliant and specifically explained why he/she meant that: I would agree… but all I hear is “great movie cause it ends great”… well then Infinity war should have been a bit longer so we don’t be disturbed by brain gymnastic that was utterly pointless for 3h… All those cameos, empty story telling and inconsistencies comparing to fact previously given in past MCU movies and yet it’s for fans? Ummm no… well at least not for one that hadn’t have complete lobotomy or amnesia… And everything I see from those type of fans is “idiot”, “go do this or that to yourself” or “you don’t get it”… very argumentative… just say you like it cause it’s Marvel not cause quality. Oh yes, and the guy who “happily gave money again to see it” … dude, viagra works much better and it’s kinda cheaper, but I get it you desperately need sex and life cause you kinda spend it on filling Disney’s ppls pools and private jets. But hey if it works for you… awesome 😎
P.S. Luisa if you ever get desire ( never stated anywhere ) to make superhero flick, give me a buzz! Cause we can send Tony’s daughter in past, she won’t influence time flux cause never been born back then, and she can retrieve stones, ha! Or we can make decent movie lol
Thanks so much for taking the time to share this!
joel watches movies says:
Good review! I thoroughly enjoyed myself throughout the film and generally thought it was great, but you make a lot of fair points, and I can definitely agree that the time travel plot device is done pretty badly- I had no clue how any of it was really working. Definitely felt a little lazy, though it did provide some cool moments in those flashbacks to previous movies.
I did enjoy the flashback and tie-ins to previous movies. That was a lot of fun, especially for fans!
Before I start, there are a few minor spoilers here, but nothing that would ruin the movie for anybody. But be warned in case you haven’t see it yet. I do mention some things that happen – or don’t happen – in the movie.
I’ve now seen this movie three times, with this coming Thursday making it four viewings. You could not BE more wrong about this movie – it’s fantastic! I’m not sure what your distaste about time travel is, but the way they use it here is very satisfying, and actually makes sense. Every time travel movie will make their own twists as to how actions in the past change, or don’t change, the future. They explain how it works here, and it makes sense.
The earlier parts of the movie are solemn, no doubt, but what about that should be any kind of surprise, considering half of all live – in the freaking UNIVERSE – has been wiped out. Of course it’s going to be forlorn and devastating for the survivors. I like that they gave time to process all of this for the viewers, rather than blazing ahead with a myriad of action scenes that cheapen the emotional havoc the world has gone through.
Is the movie perfect? Nope. I have yet to see a perfect movie. But it’s a more than satisfying conclusion to the 21 movies that came before it. Technically, I guess the next Spider-Man movie is actually the conclusion of this latest phase of the MCU, but this is clearly the one that wraps up the most plot points. One thing I didn’t care for was something you mentioned – the heavy-handed nod to the female heroes. It was an unneeded, gratuitous moment that actually did make me grimace. Let the female heroes shine seamlessly in the movie – we don’t need a spotlight shone on them saying “this is the moment we want to announce “Me too!” I didn’t care for it, but it didn’t take anything away form the movie as a whole. Not for me.
Also, I wan’t satisfied that the Hulk didn’t get his revenge on Thanos – sure, he had a MAJOR part in figuring out how to get things done, but he never got to lay a beat down on Thanos, and that’s a shame. I know he wasn’t 100% when the big fight came along, but they still could have given him a chance to get a huge haymaker in.
In the end, any minor issues I may have had had VERY little impact on my enjoyment of this movie. I’m fully satisfied with it. Based on things I’ve heard, a large majority of people were. It’s a shame some people can’t get past some small issues, or feel they need to be a stubborn voice of non-conformity.
I hope you don’t think I’m a “stubborn voice” because that was not my intention, but I was just so let down by this movie. And with many of these movies so intent on “talking down” to women, I’m quite sensitive to those types of scenes. I’m so glad it worked for you, though, and I appreciate you taking the time to comment.
I think a main reason why this thread is so long is that almost all other reviews are 5 stars with no critique at all. So this is one of the very few places in the internet that points out some flaws and some disappointment, and still almost everyone states that they still love the MCU as a whole.
Absolutely! Still love the MCU but as a fan, I was also disappointed. I didn’t expect to be. I’m enjoying the lively discussion too.
LOL, after seeing the GoT “The Long Night” yesterday, I solemnly declare that the script for Avengers is top notch and all my criticism was unfounded. Wow, what a week and soo much money unwisely spent by the supposedly best in the industry. At least 2019 had already had the Umbrelle Academy and maybe, maybe Stranger Things manages to produce another good season.
There’s so much great entertainment nowadays, that’s for sure.
Janon says:
I don’t think this review is very fair. As with many movies, after the initial viewing is over and you sit back and think, yes you can find problems. The Last Jedi, for example, is a disaster that has destroyed Star Wars. The Force Awakens, although better, is an unoriginal fiasco – I really can’t believe you think it was better than Endgame. So yes, Endgame has problems, but overall it was still a great and entertaining movie.
That being said, there are problems. The biggest I have is that even though the movie *should* be 3 hours long, the scenes that needed more time were rushed, and the scenes that needed less time dragged out. For example, gathering the stones just seemed too easy. The Time Travel needed more explanation. Why not say that a new timeline is only created when a truly significant event occurs? Why not have Thanos send some minions back in time to stop the collecting. The idea was workable, but it seemed forced without more ‘science’ behind it. It’s not that there were time travel plot holes, it was that there was no attempt to fill them when there could have been.
I agree with some of your fanboy issues but not most. Worthy Cap was the best part of the movie, and old Cap was a great character arc conclusion. We didn’t get Game Of Thrones deaths, but we got enough to make it real. Yeah, Women Assemble was bad, and Fat Thor was a little overdone, but overall, still a great movie. And unlike The Last Jedi – another critically loved movie – it didn’t not destroy the Marvel Universe like they destroyed Star Wars. I give it a solid A minus.
Awesome observations, thanks for sharing.
18cinemalane says:
Good review! I can definitely understand why you didn’t like this film. However, I thought it was a great movie! Yes, this wasn’t a perfect or near perfect film. But, I liked it for what it was. I also wrote a spoiler-free review of Avengers: Endgame, with a spoiler review coming on my blog this weekend. Here’s the link if you want to check it out:
https://18cinemalane.wordpress.com/2019/04/27/take-3-avengers-endgame-spoiler-free-review/
Thanks! Spoiler-free reviews are so difficult to write.
Anytime I write a review for current, theatrically released films (which is not often), I always set aside time to write a spoiler and spoiler-free review. The spoiler review is used to clarify things that I was unable to explain in the spoiler-free review. That way, both reviews are treated as companion pieces.
Fine review. A couple things hit home with me. I too am troubled by how they interpret Thor but also Hulk. Like you I laughed when we first saw him. But then they bounce back and forth between wanting him to be sympathetic and using him as a walking punchline. And Hulk is so underserved.
And I get what you’re saying about time travel. I can be a quick and easy cop-out. I thought they used it pretty well here. I don’t put much into the explanations since it is such an absurd concept to begin with.
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terriblety says:
Hmmm… Now that I think about it, I feel I should mention I really didn’t care about the time travel confusion either way.
Y’see, in kingdom hearts, the plot tends to get ridiculously gimmicky and painful. But I don’t mind that because the goal was never to make scientifically accurate no plot hole… plot. It was to allow the writer to explore concepts that couldn’t have been explored otherwise.
I get the same feeling from endgame. The purpose of the time travel was to allow us to take a stroll through memory lane. And it did work… Sometimes.
I agree with the rest of your review, for the most part. Just mentioning it.
Still can’t get over why they never did any cool high concept stuff with the infinity stones. I hope there’ll be some kind of prequel or sequel that really explores the ramifications of stones that can control reality, time, and so on. Catapults getting launched at spaceships. Eldritch horrors bleeding into reality from the terrified dreams of children. It would be split in so many directions it wouldn’t be funny, but the idea fascinates me.
Pingback: Avengers: Endgame is Completely Overrated – Movie Review – TerribleTy
Darren Johnson says:
Interesting to read a negative review of the movie. I actually have opposite opinions of you on “Endgame” and “Infinity War. ” I do agree that the time travel narrative is clumsy at best, but it does provide some exceptionally rewarding moments that emotionally deliver. I’d encourage you to read my “Endgame” review here: http://djscreens.wordpress.com/2019/05/19/avengers-endgame/
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Sages And Games
List, MMORPG, Sandbox
Sandbox MMOs Out Now (May, 2018)
Date: April 29, 2018Author: K. "Gasperovsky" Konstantinov 0 Comments
With the mainstream MMO market being unable to renew the genre, many companies have resorted to less traditional methods of funding, such as cash shops selling in-game goods, crowdfunding, and more. But their projects, being some of the biggest and most innovative titles in gaming’s history, have massive development cycles and are years away from release. So, while waiting to play Star Citizen, Chronicles of Elyria, Dual Universe, etc. it’s a wise choice to check out some of the smaller, but not less unconventional, titles of today.
Of course, I have no interest in Themepark MMOs, nor do I tolerate pay-to-win, thus this list isn’t going to feature the likes of Black Desert or Albion Online. Furthermore, I don’t think that following a specific order (or a classification) of such titles is useful or sensible.
Legends of Aria (Beta)
Previously known as Shards Online, Legends of Aria walks in the footsteps of Ultima Online. True, it has the all-too-familiar cartoonish look, with a bright color palette, but its light-hearted tone is quickly offset by a massive learning curve, a complex skill and combat system, a focus on player-driven content, economy, crafting, and hardcore, full loot PvP. LoA also features non-instanced player housing and a classless skill-based character development system.
With contemporary MMOs busy replicating World of Warcraft, this Ultima clone is all too welcome. Furthermore, since Citadel Studios have allowed players to create their own “shards” with unique sets of rules, a dedicated group of gamers has created Legends of Ultima, a community server mimicking UO.
Even in Beta, this game’s many features allow for hours upon hours of learning, exploring and adventuring.
Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues
Speaking of Ultima Online, Richard Garriott, a.k.a. Lord British, and his colleagues at Portalarium, have been brewing a UO spiritual successor of their own. It’s a weirdly delicious concoction of RPG fairytale-like setting, D&D-esque gameplay, and withdrawn, slightly gloomy, visuals.
The game’s one odd flaw is that its world is divided into separate large zones, traveling between which entails an abstract map, which makes the game non-open world. They surely haven’t taken that one from UO’s list of features and it somewhat betrays the purpose of the game.
The third-person visuals and point-and-click combat system (with a twist) are roughly where this game’s unoriginality ends. It puts emphasis on markets, cooperation, classless character progression, player housing, a virtue system, and so much more.
Some gladly welcomed innovations are seasonal weather, interactive musical instruments, persistent housing with upkeep costs and, last but not least, a communication system that allows the player to type words when interacting with NPCs, who, in turn, respond appropriately and reveal otherwise hidden information and quests. The game’s open-ended questing system allows for exploration and immersion and the absence of automated guidance makes the quests themselves challenging and interesting.
After a century-long Beta, Shroud of the Avatar is finally out. Not checking this one out would be a sin, especially given its generous free trial.
Worlds Adrift (Beta)
Often, especially among MMO developers, the smaller indie studios and their sincere projects are the ones that push the envelope of the genre and tap into its potential. Worlds Adrift takes everything that we know about MMOs and throws it away.
The world is a sky full of clouds and floating islands. It is a completely open world, open-ended, unscripted and player-driven. It doesn’t get any more sandboxy than that. The player must survive, explore, and craft, using curious futuristic technology.
One of the main features of the game is the construction of skyships. It is these vessels that allow players to traverse the world and unite. They can also create their own floating patches of land by using the island creator tool (available for free).
Floating islands and player-crafted airships wouldn’t be any fun, without a real-time physics engine and a grappling hook, not to mention a climbing mechanic, that allows for unique movement methods and action mechanics.
Bossa Studios have made something that nobody else had dared, or even though of, before.
Life is Feudal (Early Access)
Games have the incredible property of making us like what’s actually horrid and dreadful. Life is Feudal is a great example of this. Set in a land loosely based on medieval Europe void of any fantasy elements, the game starts you off as a half-naked, derelict cave dweller with the sole desire to run around the forest looking for food.
It might sound like a poor premise. And it would be if the game didn’t gradually evolve into a fully-fledged sandbox MMO where those who have survived the wilderness group to gather, craft and build. In fact, everything in the game is player made or somewhat shaped by the players. And, although housing, terraforming, and farming might be crucial, so is warfare, territorial control, dominance over resources, etc.
Its action packed, non-focus target, combat system is skillfully paired with a third person camera and complemented by detailed, realistic graphics. The developers at Bitbox prove to have what it takes to make a complex, yet fluid, game.
However, the monetization scheme is a source of concern for many. An overpriced premium subscription is available on top of the Pay-to-Play model (justified by the Early Access state of the product), combining two payment methods that don’t overlap even in mainstream titles. In addition, the very expensive cash shop features some concerning boosters and toolboxes, which, in the context of a Sandbox MMORPG focusing on resource gathering and territorial control, could be game-breaking.
Life is Feudal is a great game but I would strongly advise any potential players to be cautious before buying and to research the monetization system thoroughly. After all, if proven to be pay-to-win, purchasing such a title would be harmful not only to the player themselves but to the gaming industry in general.
Gloria Victis (Alpha, Early Access)
Competing directly with Life is Feudal, Black Eye Games‘ Gloria Victis, sheds some sandbox elements and gives the player a bit more direction. There are non-player-made building, cities, NPCs, quests, and more. In additions, far from being a fantasy game, it incorporates some low-fantasy components, such as ogres, and there have been hints that the devs might choose to add subtle supernatural elements, like blessings, curses, and potions. Overall, however, the game focuses on realism, guild control over territory, unforgiving PvP, crafting (both items and tools) and combat realism.
Gloria Victis‘ combat system embodies medieval warfare like nothing before. Intentionally slow-paced, strategic, and ruthless, it makes the player feel like a soldier amidst a chaotic battleground, desperately longing for a group of like-minded players who can watch their back and fight shoulder to shoulder.
Seasons, weather, days, and nights are more than aesthetics. Fog and rain obscure the vision, while the summer heat makes of plate armor an unwise choice. Players have to calibrate their arrows according to the weather and protect their belongings from the harsh climate. Additionally, NPCs react according to the day and night cycle, as well as players’ actions.
The game also features an extensive crafting system, with skills such as Husbandry and Culinary Arts, Engineering, Hunting and Forestry, and many more.
Last but not least, Gloria Victis is much cheaper than any of the games on this list and, as of the moment doesn’t have an in-game cash shop to worry about.
More games next time…
There are many more Sandbox games, big and small, I shall write about in the future, but the important thing is to always examine what a title offers and whether it suits you as a player.
availablebest mmobuy to playcraftingcrowdfundingcurrentlyfantasyGaminggloria victisindieLegends of ariaLife is FeudalListlow-fantasymedievalMMOMMORPGmmos to play nowPvEPvPRPGSandboxShourd of the avatarterraformingtodaytop 5top mmosWorlds Adrift
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Jakuzi - Hata Payı - Albums - Reviews - Soundblab
Jakuzi - Hata Payı
by Joseph Majsterski Rating:7 Release Date:2019-04-05 Label: City Slang
Jakuzi is a synthpop duo from Istanbul, Turkey comprising vocalist Kutay Soyocak and electronic wizard Taner Yücel. They dropped their debut album, Fantezi Müzik (literally "Fantasty Music", but also "Extravaganza"), in 2017. Now they're back with Hata Payı (literally "A Part of the Mistake", but also "Tolerance"). I'm very sad that I don't speak Turkish, because I can't understand the lyrics to these songs. But I find them so catchy that I'm constantly trying to sing along, which just ends up as a sort of nonsense babbling or humming. I was able to run the titles through a translator though to at least get a general sense of what is going on, and they seem to point towards what you'd expect from this style: pensive meditations on love and relationships.
I was just a bit too young to really experience the 80s in the proper way, namely, as a lovelorn teenager, but this album puts me right there. It's somewhere between basically every synthpop band of that era and The Smiths, minus the vocals. The opening track, 'Sana Göre Bir Şey Yok' ("Nothing for You"), is incredibly strong, and is one of the songs that is completely stuck in my head. It combines foundational synth bass with airy synth strings and ghostly guitars to create a haunting song. It's near-gothic, like a more electronic The Cure track.
Some of the tracks lack staying power and become tiresome though. 'Kendine Rağmen' works off a slightly psych-flavored organ, but ends up being too plodding upon repeated listens. 'Gördüğüm Rüya' ("The Dream I See") is also a bit on the slow side. But even these songs somehow work in the context of the album as a whole, since it oftentimes feels like you're listening to the soundtrack of a John Hughes film and seeing dramatic movie scenes in your mind.
The best song on the album is definitely 'Yangın' ("Fire"). It strikes a perfect chord of yearning optimism. The synths are some of the most upbeat, with a particular melodic progression and backing singing that sound straight off Depeche Mode's Speak and Spell. Soyocak's vocals here are evocative and rich, like a Turkish Peter Murphy. I cannot get enough of this tune! It's one of the very best things I've heard all year.
Another song that comes in hot is 'Kalbim Köprü Gibi' ("My Heart is Like a Bridge"), which rides a wonderful, driving synthline with delicate guitar accents and is one of the more uplifting tunes in the set. 'Hâlâ Berbat' ("Still Wretched"), takes things back in a more reflective, high school prom slow dance direction. The closer, 'Ne Teselli Ne Avuntu' ("What Comfort What Solace"), is super solid too. The heavyweight, pulsing synths, sounding more modern than most of the music on offer, remind me of Röyksopp.
Anyone who lived through the 80s on any level will feel this set deep in their soul. The more you experienced that time, the stronger it will resonate with you, I suspect. There are lots of albums and bands that use the instrumentation and sensibilities of that era, but few bands manage to so perfectly embody the spirit of the age like Jakuzi do.
Check out the video for 'Yangın', which includes a translation of the lyrics.
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International Withdrawal Shouldn’t Overly Panic Southampton Fans
Date: 12th October 2018 at 7:00am
Southampton confirmed yesterday that goalkeeper Alex McCarthy has now withdrawn from the England group owing to an injury.
Full details of the problem weren’t given in the announcement, it was just described as being a ‘minor injury’ and one that he had headed to St George’s Park nursing and from that I take it that he’s just carrying a small knock that wouldn’t have necessarily kept him out of contention for the upcoming international clashes if he was really needed.
With England manager Gareth Southgate having options though, sensibly it has been decided to let him return to Staplewood for further treatment and a proper rest during the international break so the issue can clear itself up 100%.
The announcement by saintsfc also said that whilst with England he has made ‘positive progress’ over the last few days, so I definitely don’t think there is reason to worry here ahead of the return to action against Bournemouth on December 20.
With our form and results so far this season, we definitely need McCarthy at his best to help us turn our form around.
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The 2 ways that Kevin Hayes can take Flyers to another level
Jordan Hall
NBC Sports Philadelphia July 7, 2019, 10:01 PM UTC
The Flyers' interest level in Kevin Hayes was especially evident by what the club did to secure his services. The Flyers traded for Hayes' rights, brought him in to tour the team's facilities and meet the staff, and offered him a seven-year, $50 million contract all over the span of 17 days.
"For me and for our group," general manager Chuck Fletcher said June 19, "he checks a lot of boxes we were looking for."
The Flyers like his 6-foot-5, 216-pound frame, his tough-to-play-against ability down the middle, and his prime years ahead at the age of 27.
There are two things Hayes does particularly well that the Flyers have not over the past five seasons: kill penalties and score at even strength.
Since 2014-15, the Flyers' penalty-kill percentage is 78.4. Only one NHL team sports a worst mark during that stretch: the Oilers at 78.0.
Since 2016-17, Hayes was second on the Rangers in shorthanded ice time. Over that period, he has won just three fewer penalty-kill faceoffs than Sean Couturier and owns the fifth-most shorthanded points (12) among all NHL players, behind only Brad Marchand (16), Michael Grabner (15), Patrice Bergeron (13) and Viktor Arvidsson (13). Hayes has six shorthanded goals in his five-year career, while no current Flyer has more than two since 2014-15.
"We feel we are acquiring a quality offensive contributor, but he is also a player that has excelled on the penalty kill," Fletcher said. "He has a quality 200-foot game, he has a good stick defensively and he reads the play well."
Couturier has done yeoman's work on the Flyers' PK and the unit has still struggled. Throw Hayes into the picture and the Flyers now have another penalty-killer the caliber of Couturier.
"If you look at our club last year, we were just thin at times," Fletcher said. "We've asked a lot out of Sean Couturier the last couple years. I think with adding Kevin and the continued maturation of Nolan Patrick, we should have many more options for our coaching staff and our team to get better matchups."
On the topic of matchups, the Flyers have scored 1.75 goals per game at 5-on-5 since 2014-15, the seventh fewest in the NHL. Over that time, the Flyers' 5-on-5 goal differential is minus-36. Oftentimes (not as much last season), the Flyers have been too reliant on the power play and not nearly consistent enough at 5-on-5, in both ends of the ice.
Hayes can help. He has done a lot of his damage at even strength with 72 such goals, more than guys like Adam Henrique (71 - $5.825 million AAV), Evgeny Kuznetsov (70 - $7.8 million AAV) and Ryan O'Reilly (67 - $7.5 million AAV) since 2014-15. Hayes' 179 even-strength points are more than guys like Nazem Kadri (173), Tomas Hertl (172), Ryan Nugent-Hopkins (172) and Anders Lee (170) over the past five seasons.
"In the past, I've been on both power play and penalty kill," Hayes said when he signed with the Flyers. "If that's going to help the team win, obviously I would love to do it. I want to help the team as much as I can. Whatever they need me to do is what I will be doing."
The Flyers will need Hayes to do a lot. After all, they did a lot to get him because of that.
Click here to download the MyTeams App by NBC Sports! Receive comprehensive coverage of your teams and stream the Flyers, Sixers and Phillies games easily on your device.
More on the Flyers
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The 2 ways that Kevin Hayes can take Flyers to another level originally appeared on NBC Sports Philadelphia
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DAZN: Canelo Alvarez-Daniel Jacobs fight had more than 1.2 million streams worldwide
Kevin Iole
Combat columnist
Yahoo Sports May 8, 2019, 7:36 PM UTC
The Canelo Alvarez vs. Daniel Jacobs middleweight title unification fight had more than 1.2 million views worldwide, DAZN announced Wednesday. (Yahoo Sports)
Canelo Alvarez continues to show he’s arguably boxing’s biggest draw. DAZN announced on Wednesday that Alvarez’s unanimous decision victory over Daniel Jacobs in their middleweight title unification bout at T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas did more than 1.2 million streams worldwide.
DAZN is available in the U.S., Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and Switzerland. A spokesperson declined to specify how well the fight did in the U.S., but a source with knowledge of the information said there were roughly 700,000 concurrent live streams on Saturday.
Alvarez won a unanimous decision over Jacobs by scores of 115-113, 115-113 and 116-112.
Amid much fanfare, Alvarez signed a $365 million contract with the streaming service last year, which at the time was the richest contract in sports.
He’s the centerpiece of a strategy in boxing to make a huge impact, along with stars such as IBF-WBA-WBO heavyweight champion Anthony Joshua and former middleweight champion Gennadiy Golovkin. Joshua will fight Andy Ruiz on June 1 at Madison Square Garden. The following weekend, Golovkin will fight Steve Rolls at MSG.
DAZN officials also said there were no reports of substantial outages or buffering.
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Home > Blog > Interview with Joaquín Alonso, Technical director of the Spain national beach soccer team
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Interview with Joaquín Alonso, Technical director of the Spain national beach soccer team
Joaquín Alonso is a Spanish football veteran. There is Real Sporting de Gijón blood running through his veins, which is the club he played for during his professional career. Nowadays he still enjoys football in different modalities, and he explains so during the pre-game meetings of the Spain national beach soccer team in Cambrils Park Sport Village, during the World Beach Games – Europe Qualifier Salou.
Before beach soccer came into your life, you played 16 seasons and 644 official matches wearing the Sporting de Gijon T-shirt. How do you remember that time?
I say that I’m a privileged person because I live on football since I was 20 years old, which is a profession I am being well paid for and, in addition, it allows me to do what I like, and that is a great advantage. I enjoy doing what I do, I live with people I feel at ease with and it is a great satisfaction because it is a fantastic way of living.
All your career defending the same colours. Did you ever thought about playing in another league once retired from Sporting in Spain?
In my time, players going abroad was something complicated or not usual. However, now I am reaping the fruits of having been all my professional life connected to two organizations, the Sporting and the Royal Spanish Football Federation.
You took part in the Olympic Games in Moscow 1980, an athlete’s dream. How do you remember it?
The experience is amazing. When we arrived in Russia, the first experience was to play against the former East Germany in Kiev. We tied at one, and then, we were taken to Minsk where we tied in both matches. We were undefeated, but we were eliminated for the goal difference.
However, what it seemed to be a bad thing became something really good, because we were taken to the Olympic Village and we were there for seven days only training. We were lucky to live with other athletes from other disciplines. I remember Tkachenko who was at the top in basketball. Being able to sit next to him and other situations that were happening were very interesting.
The 1982 World Cup is a thorn the national team has in his side, especially because we were hosting it: 1 victory in 5 matches. Did the effects last a lot?
What is true is that in the '82 expectations were really high because we all thought that we were going to perform well during the World Cup, we had a great squad, the manager, Santamaría, encouraged us to think that we could become world champions, in our own country, and it went awry.
But I am satisfied I participated in a World Cup, which is something not everyone can say, although at that time, to all of us it was a halt in our continuity with the national team.
And with this football career, how did you exactly arrive to beach soccer?
By chance. It was in 1996, while Lobo Carrasco was working on a Canal Plus project organizing an international beach soccer tournament in San Juan, Alicante. Brazil, the United States and Italy were playing… And they asked him to set a Spanish team. He called me and I accepted.
I thought that it was like playing on Gijón’s beach when the tide goes out and the sand gets hard… But when Lobo Carrasco put us a video on how it was played in Brazil…. I remember I told him; do we have to do this tomorrow? And on top of that it will be televised? However, we did it.
Since then I am hooked, first as a player and later as a coach.
How did you discover Llorenç Gómez, the current best beach soccer player in the world?
The first time I saw Llorenç Gómez I got surprised, and the second one at a territorial Spanish tournament, his manager also put a good word in form him. We all bet on him. Llorenç was finishing his year in the junior category and I told him, if you go to a team that lets you juggle beach soccer with 11-a-side football, next call you will be with us. And it was like this, in 2011 we were travelling to Russia, and that was the first time he came. Since then his performance has skyrocketed.
Llorenç enjoys everything he does, he is passionate about beach soccer and you can notice it. He is a very special person, a good person and as an exceptional footballer, he is giving us a lot.
Unlike 11-a-side football, beach soccer players barely train together. How does a national team manage it?
Beach soccer is seasonal, especially here in Europe. At the beginning it was complicated to find people because they were all doing other activities or were playing 11-a-side or 5-a-side football. Little by little, they have specialized.
Nowadays at the men senior team, almost 80% of the players only play beach soccer. Nevertheless, with the women national team this is different because there aren’t as many competitions. Of all the players we have here, they all play 11-a-side football except for Lorena, that only plays beach soccer.
Llorenç told us that position Spain is in the World ranking doesn’t correspond to the quality of the team. Do you agree?
I totally agree. The ranking is influenced by the participation in tournaments, and there was a time we participated in less competitions than other national teams that are above us in the ranking and that we consider that have less level than us. They are real situations; we think that we are among the best and it is being proved.
In Europe what national teams do you think are the best?
In Europe, there are 7 national teams that have a similar level: Russia, Belorussia and Ukraine, Portugal, Switzerland and Italy. Maybe a step below there might be France, that is working well with young people, Germany, which is improving; and Azerbaijan and Turkey who are strong.
There are some national teams that less important, but they are working well and are getting closer. The truth is that competition in Europe is huge.
And at a worldwide level?
In the CONMEBOL, Brazil is on top off all. Although Uruguay did a good job to enter the qualifier and Paraguay is also strong.
From the Oceania area, Tahiti, as strange as it sounds, is a strong and powerful national team. In the CONCACAF, United Sates and Mexico are always on top. African teams tactically aren’t as good as European teams, but physically they are enormous. Senegal and Nigeria are strong teams.
In the Asian area, Iran is very strong, although in this qualifier it got out of the World Cup. In general, there is equality…
Do you imagine a final against Brazil at the World Beach Games San Diego 2019?
We would be delighted. We were in November in the Intercontinental Cup in Dubai, they won, but the game was evenly contested. Last time we played against them was long time ago, the last time was in 2015 in Espinho, in the World cup in Portugal. We lost 2-1, also an evenly contested match. And the truth is that we like to compete against the best because this way you can see your level.
How would you rate your stay at the Resort and the facilities?
The facilities are amazing, the football pitches you have and the sports complex are incredible… the beach soccer facilities are also good. We travel a lot, we stay at a lot of hotels and live together with lots of people from different countries, because the majority of tournaments are played outside of Spain, and the truth is that there is something we value a lot which is personal treatment and in this sense, it couldn’t be better.
Thank you very much Joaquín!
Photos: Beach Soccer Worldwide
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Top Ten Indian Film Directors (2018)
The Indian cinema is so dynamic and diverse that it’s difficult to categorize directors into top 10. Meaningful cinema is slowly becoming advent in the Indian Cinema. Nevertheless, below listed are some of the amazing directors that are ruling the Indian Cinema in 2018:
10. Neeraj Pandey
The National Award winning director was born in Arrah, Bihar. He has made films such as A Wednesday, Special 26, Baby and Aiyaari. His films are inspiring as well as entertaining. He also got a National Award for “A Wednesday” (2008).
9. Gauri Shinde
With her two initial films, Gauri Shinde has taken Indian Hindi Cinema by a storm. She debuted with directing Late Sridevi in English Vinglish. Her next was Alia Bhatt and Shah Rukh Khan starrer Dear Zindagi, which was also praised for its brilliant portrayal of characters and beautiful life tips.
8. Nagraj Manjule
His Marathi film Sairat is considered a historic milestone in the Marathi Cinema. He also won a National Award for his short film Fandry (Pig). Most of his films are a reflection of his own experience as a Dalit in Maharashtra. Drawn from his personal experience, his films surely make people fall in love with them.
7. Vishal Bhardwaj
A music-composer turned film director has the talent rather a gift of flawless art house storytelling. Bhardwaj has made finest film adaptations of Shakespeare’s work infusing original Indian nuances, be it Maqbool, Omkara and Haider. He debuted with widely loved and acclaimed movie Makdee, which is a favourite among children.
6. Alankrita Shrivastava
She makes movies as beautiful as her name. After assisting Prakash Jha, she debuted with the film Turning 30. Her latest black comedy film, Lipstick under my Burkha and won 10 international awards for the same.
5. Anurag Kashyap
The master of Indian cult cinema was born in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh. He is a restless prolific filmmaker and writer. He simply slays in his two-part crime-drama, Gangs of Wasseypur, featuring a cast of India’s finest actors. He beautifully explores darker reaches of the human psyche and has an excellent cinematic sense.
4. Shoojit Sircar
The director of a simple yet beautiful movie Piku has carved a niche for himself in the Film Industry. His film Vicky Donor also bagged a National Award. His film “October” (2018) also earned acclaims, both from the public as well as from critics.
3. R. Balki
He started with directing advertisements. Some of his famous ads include Surf Exel’s ‘Daag Achche Hain,’ ‘Jago Re’ for Tata Tea, and many more. He turned to directing films with the acclaimed movie, Cheeni Kum (2007). Married to director Gauri Shinde, this duo is surely one of the finest filmmakers we have. He went on to direct masterpieces like Paa, Shamitabh and Padman.
2. Sanjay Leela Bhansali
This Padma Shri awardee director is one of the most celebrated Film Makers of Bollywood. From Devdas to Bajirao Mastani and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam to Padmaavat, Bhansali has given the masterpieces to the Indian Cinema, one after the another. He is a four-time National Award and 10 time Filmfare Awards winner. His passion towards his work, the pain he puts into every scene, and every little detail make him outstanding. He is a powerhouse of talent and is also a screenwriter and music director.
1. S.S. Rajamouli
Padma Shri recipient, 2 times National Award Winner, and the maker of the Baahubali franchise, Rajamouli deserves this place for every reason. He is among the best filmmakers known for his work in the Telugu Cinema. He has garnered several awards for his exceptional filmmaking. His larger than life movies always keep you in awe in every way possible.
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Secretary Tillerson Meets with Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi
Sept. 12, 2017: Secretary Tillerson meets with Chinese State Councilor Yang Jiechi at the Department of State.
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Strong global climate change mitigation will require a significant decline in coal use.
MSSI is part of the Australian component of the major international research project, Coal Transitions: Research and Dialogue on the Future of Coal. This collaborative project brings together researchers from six major coal producing nations—China, India, Germany, South Africa, Poland and Australia—to explore trajectories and policy options with the potential to facilitate well managed and equitable economic transitions away from coal.
The international Coal Transitions project is led by IDDRI (Paris) and Climate Strategies (London). The Australian component is led by the Australian National University’s Crawford School of Public Policy, in collaboration with the University of Melbourne’s Sustainable Society Institute.
What is Coal Transitions?
Coal represents 28% of global energy consumption. However, meeting commitments under the Paris Agreement on climate change requires a significant reduction in coal consumption across the globe. In many coal-dependent countries, this raises significant political, social and economic issues.
This project aims to:
promote deeper understanding among relevant national and international stakeholders of the
implications of global climate mitigation activities for the future of coal production and consumption;
support societally acceptable transition away from coal, to marry coal phase out with economic renewal and a just transition in key countries;
promote knowledge and acceptance new narratives on the future of coal, enabling conditions, and concrete steps for national coal phase out strategies;
promote exchange, learning and more coordination on transition policies at international level.
Implementing Coal Transitions: Insights from case studies of major coal-consuming economies.
This report summarises the main insights from Coal Transitions research project. Firstly, it outlines the growing momentum behind coal transitions around the world, due to economic, technological and policy factors. Secondly, the report highlights key findings from case studies of six major coal-consuming countries (China, India, Poland, Germany, Australia and South Africa), which explore how “below-2°C”-compatible transitions away from thermal coal could be implemented. The report notes that, with the right policies, coal transitions that are consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement can be done in an economically affordable and socially acceptable way.
Prospects for a 'just transition' away from coal-fired power generation in Australia: Learning from the closure of the Hazelwood Power Station Until its relatively sudden closure in March 2017, the Hazelwood Power Station in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley was the most carbon-intensive electricity generator in Australia. We argue that Australia’s political and economic institutions help to explain the autonomous decision of Engie to close the plant, the short notice period, and the lack of pre-closure government transition policy. Our case study has demonstrated that the positions of key civil society stakeholders in Australia’s energy debate, including unions, environment groups and to some extent business groups have been converging toward a “just”—or at least an orderly—transition as a dominant political narrative for substantive policies to improve the transition arrangements in the Australian energy sector. Strengthening and perhaps formalising these alliances will improve the incentives for political parties to invest in long-term policies in the energy sector.
Transitioning beyond coal: Lessons from the structural renewal of Europe’s old industrial regions
It is often assumed that a transition to a low carbon future will have highly disruptive and potentially devastating effects on coal regions and their communities. However, evidence from the experience of industrial decline and attempted renewal in Europe’s old industrial regions demonstrates that successful regional transition is—while not inevitable—indeed possible. Drawing on the literature of regional resilience and innovation, the paper offers lessons, insights and cautionary warnings from the experience of renewal initiatives in Europe’s old industrial regions and illustrates the ways in which some of the seeds for a ‘just’ regional transitions to zero-carbon economies may, in fact, lie in a careful understanding of the potential to build on the specific historical context of the regions industrial development and capabilities.
Coal Taxes as supply-side climate policy: a rationale for major exporters?
The shift away from coal is at the heart of the global low-carbon transition. Can governments of coal-producing countries help facilitate this transition and benefit from it? This paper analyses the case for coal taxes as supply-side climate policy implemented by large coal exporting countries. Coal taxes can reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and benefit coal-rich countries through improved terms-of-trade and tax revenue.
The tough choice Australia has to make about coal, News.com, 2 Nov 2017
Chief Investigators:
Prof John Wiseman
A/Prof Frank Jotzo
ANU Crawford School
Senior Advising Academics:
Prof Lars Coenen
Prof Quentin Grafton
Stephanie Campbell
Fergus Green
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Ring Greats
UFC Fight Night Dec. 13th 2006
Boxing Updates Nov 21st - 24th
Another ex-champ comes back!
This time it's Corrie Sanders!
40-year-old former WBO heavyweight champion Corrie Sanders (40-3, 30 KOs) will face Australian titleholder Colin Wilson (32-18, 20 KOs) on Friday in the South African city of Mmabatho, about 12 miles south of the Botswana border. For Sanders, who holds a knockout win over current IBF world champion Wladimir Klitschko, it will be his first fight in two years. Former IBF super bantamweight champion Lehlohonolo Ledwaba (36-5-1, 23 KOs) will also be fighting on the card.
Floyd to give away turkeys!
"Pretty Boy" Floyd Mayweather will return to his hometown of Grand Rapids, Michigan tomorrow to host his fifth annual Thanksgiving Feast giveaway. Mayweather will arrive at the Madison Family Market in his childhood southside neighborhood at 2:00pm and hand out 500 turkeys with all of the trimmings—including potatoes, vegetables, stuffing, cranberry sauce and pies—to 500 selected families. "Grand Rapids is my home and I will never forget where I came from," stated Mayweather. "I'm humbled to be back here for the fifth year in a row and happy to be able to give these families a Happy Thanksgiving. It's the least I can do for a community that's always been so great to me." Floyd will remain in Grand Rapids for the weekend as he is also set to host his 2nd celebrity and comedy event to help raise money for cancer research.
Willingham-Molina added!
Will fight on Mitchem-Thompson undercard
Brandon Mitchem (25-4, 8 KOs) will fight Ross Thompson (26-10, 16 KOs) for the New York State light heavyweight title on December 1 at Vernon Downs in Vernon, New York. In the co-feature, which was announced today, undefeated welterweight Wayland Willingham (10-0, 6 KOs) steps up to challenge Carlos Molina (8-2-1, 4 KOs) in an eight-rounder. In back-to-back fights against Julio Cesar Chavez, Jr., Molina earned a draw and lost a close majority decision to the son of the legendary Mexican champion.
Huck-Aurino set for Dec 16!
The wait is over for Marco "Captain" Huck, who will be getting his first-ever title fight on December 16 when he clashes with Italy's Pietro Aurino for the EU cruiserweight crown at the BigBox in Kempten, Germany. Both fighters were originally scheduled to meet on November 4 before an arm injury forced Huck to pull out. Now Huck (16-0, 13 KOs) can't wait to get his hands on Aurino - and the belt. "The delay has made me even hungrier," Huck vowed. "I've put the injury worries behind me. My arm does not bother me any more. I'm in top shape again. This is the moment I have been waiting for." Aurino (37-2, 16 KOs), who is rated WBO #2, WBC #4 and IBF #10, has been undefeated for five years, winning sixteen consecutive bouts since coming up short in a world title shot against Jose Luis Gomez
Hatton, Castillo top Vegas card!
We have a site. The January 20 HBO doubleheader featuring Ricky Hatton and Jose Luis Castillo in separate bouts will take place at the Paris Hotel in Las Vegas. The unbeaten Hatton, who is making his Las Vegas debut, will challenge IBF jr welterweight champion Juan Urango, while Castillo is lined up to face Cameroon's Herman Ngoudjo. If Hatton and Castillo both win their bouts, they are expected to collide later in the year.
JC Gomez in action Dec 15!
Cuban heavyweight contender Juan Carlos Gomez will fight on December 15 at the "Sportschule Sachsenwald" in Wentorf near Hamburg, Germany. The bout will be Gomez' first since his points win over Oliver McCall in October 2005. Gomez (39-1) tested positive for cocaine after and was banned for 426 days by the German Boxing Federation (BDB). An allegation the former WBC cruiserweight champion still denies. Gomez promises a spectacle when he returns to his former hometown. He last fought in Hamburg December 1999, when he defended his WBC cruiserweight title via knockout against challenger Napoleon Tagoe. "It's showtime again!" vows Gomez, who will be having his first under the promotional banner of Arena Box-Promotion. In the main event, Hamburg's Mahir Oral (19-1-2) will defend his EU middleweight title against unbeaten Italian Domenico Spada (21-0). Also on the line is the vacant WBC International title. In a third title fight, Thomas Troelenberg (8-0) and Marcen Gierke (7-16-2) fight for the vacant German International super welterweight title. (Photo: Thorsten Baering)
Guthrie returns Nov 30!
IBF Intercontinental cruiserweight champion William Guthrie (34-3-2, 27 KOs) returns to action November 30 against Mike Eatman (9-6, 6 KOs) in an eight-round bout headlining on the "Thursday Night Fights" show at The Plex in Charleston, South Carolina. Guthrie, a former IBF light heavyweight champion stated "I'm 39 and can't take anybody lightly. Guys like this (Eatman) are real dangerous. They get a few losses, start being used, and get more active. They're opportunists who fight to beat a name." In the six-round co-feature, unbeaten cruiserweight Shane Benfield (14-0, 8 KOs) faces an opponent to be determined. The card is presented by Jim Kelley Promotions in association with Silverhawk Championship Boxing.
Chagaev, Ruiz comments!
Photos: Andre Boge
Heavyweight Ruslan Chagaev, the new mandatory challenger for WBA heavyweight champion Nikolai Valuev, and former heavyweight champion John Ruiz spoke to the press after their hard-fought twelve round world title eliminator on Saturday in Düsseldorf.
Ruslan Chagaev: It was a tough fight against a very strong opponent but it was my day today. My dream came true. I dedicate this win to my mother who passed away recently. She watched me from up above and gave me the power.
Chagaev’s coach Michael Timm: I am really happy. We had worked out a concept during the preparation and Ruslan has put it into practice really well.
Klaus-Peter Kohl: Chagaev against Ruiz was an absolute highlight. I think Ruslan would have been able to fight for another five or six rounds. It was a great demonstration and lesson and you won’t be able to learn more. We are prepared for Valuev and he can fight against him very soon.
John Ruiz: It was a hard fight and a close result. I wish Ruslan all the best in his fight against Valuev. He has all the power to beat him.
Zbik, Tajbert, Balzsay headline!
Tuesday's Spotlight Boxing event has a "Back to the Roots" theme as unbeaten fighters Sebastian Zbik (15-0, 7 KOs), Vitali Tajbert (7-0, 3 KOs) and Karoly Balzsay (13-0, 9 KOs) will fight at the famous Universum Gym in Hamburg, the place where many world champions were formed and trained. Unbeaten middleweight Zbik will be challenged by the strong and well experienced Brazilian Jose Hilton dos Santos (22-6-1, 12 KOs), who is going for his tenth win in a row. The unbeaten two-time Olympian Balzsay will face Michal Bilak (15-2, 8 KOs) from the rival SES stable in a super middleweight clash. Also, highly regarded 2004 Olympic super featherweight medalist Tajbert will see action against Argentinean Fabian Valentin Martinez (14-13-4, 4 KOs).
Inside the Maskaev Camp!
By Matt Richardson
WBC heavyweight champion Oleg Maskaev is currently involved in intense training at the Fernwood Hotel and Resort in the Poconos, Pennsylvania. He began training camp in mid-October in preparation for his first title defense against Peter Okhello on December 10 at the Olympiysky Sports Arena in Moscow, Russia. It will be a large event in front of a pro-Maskaev crowd, but for now Maskaev and his team have secluded themselves here, far away from the cheers and hype. This is the fourth time Maskaev has trained at the location and each camp has produced a victory. The champion trains here six days a week, typically sparring on three or four of them. "Physically, I'm getting there," Maskaev reports. "I can't say that I'm in my best shape but I'm getting there. I'll be alright in a couple of more weeks. I'm working very hard and I'll be in good shape."
Minto plans to derail Schulz!
By Karl Freitag
When George Foreman began his comeback after a ten year hiatus in 1987, he spent several years beating up mostly a cast of journeyman. Seven years later, Foreman won the heavyweight title against Michael Moorer and in his first defense Big George barely retained his title with a very controversial decision against Axel Schulz. On Saturday at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle/Westfalen, Germany, the same Axel Schulz is returning to boxing after a seven-year hiatus himself. However, Schulz (26-4-1, 11 KOs), will not be following Foreman's comeback recipe of easier fights first. The three-time heavyweight title challenger is facing surprisingly tough opposition (many, in fact, think a little too tough) in Brian Minto (26-1, 15 KOs). Fightnews.com caught up with Minto the night before he was scheduled to head out to Europe for the fight.
Cameron targets Tua!
By Ray Wheatley -- World of Boxing
IBF #14 heavyweight contender Shane Cameron (16-0, 14 KOs) of New Zealand has called out fellow New Zealander and former world title challenger David Tua (46-3-1, 40 KOs). Cameron's manager Ken Reinsfield has been trying to open negotiations with David Tua's management to hold that bout in New Zealand, where it would likely attract a record attendance. "We have been calling David Tua out for some time now, so far he has been ignoring us – I guess he is hoping we will go away," Reinsfield told Fightnews.com. "Tua said he wants to get back into the world rankings and have a shot at the title, well here’s his chance right here in his home country to fight Shane Cameron who is world ranked at #14 in the world with the IBF. The ball is now in Tua’s court – so far he has been running away from the ball!"
Austin wants Klitschko next!
IBF mandatory heavyweight challenger Ray "The Rainman" Austin watched with great anticipation as IBF heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko scored a seventh-round knockout at Madison Square Garden last Saturday in an optional defense over Calvin Brock. According to the IBF rules, Klitschko must now face his mandatory challenger Austin. Klitschko, however, is interested unifying the titles and could request an exception from the IBF in order to face one of the other champions -- an idea that doesn't sit well with Austin. "Klitschko has a soft heart and a weak chin and I'm going to knock him out," Austin said. "I'm not one of these inexperienced, undersized heavyweight contenders."
Lopez-Navarrete tonight!
WBC Continental Americas lightweight champion Josesito Lopez (17-2, 10 KOs) will face KO artist Adrian Navarrete (14-2-1, 13 KOs) from Durango, Mexico tonight at the Doubletree Hotel Event Center in Ontario, California. Both boxers looked to be in impressive shape and are ready to thrill an expected sold out crowd. "I am ready for a tough battle," said Lopez after the weigh in. "Navarrete is poised and seems ready, but he has never fought anybody like me," concluded Lopez. Navarrete, who is fighting in the United States for the first time, has been training in Mexico City. "I came all this way to take Lopez's title away. He will feel my power," he promised.
Weights from Ontario:
Jose Lopez 134 vs. Adrian Navarrete 135.5
Michael Walsh 147.5 vs. Juan Pablo Montes de Oca 149
Yonnhy Perez 122 vs. Arturo Bracamontes 122
Joel Mills 154 vs. Loren Myers 155.5
Andrew Cancio 126.5 vs. Freudis Rojas 127
South American Watch!
By Kevin Bello
Puerto Rican promoter Jose "Manny" Rivera has announced the signing of the Colombian minimumweight Luis Carlos Leon (5-0, 3 KOs), younger brother of former IBA featherweight champion and former WBA and WBC contender Oscar "Southpaw" Leon. Luis Carlos Leon will fight on Nov. 27 against an opponent to be named on a boxing card presented by Five Star Promotiond in Monitos, Colombia.
Former Colombian Olympian Likar Ramos destroyed Daniel Mercado in the first round of a featherweight fight last Friday at the Municipal Colisseum of Puerto Colombia, Colombia. Southpaw Ramos improved his record to 12-2, with 10 KOs. On the undercard, Feider Viloria (14-1-1, 9 KOs) TKO'd Alexander Monterrosa in the second round of a super bantamweight bout.
Colombian challenger Franklin "The Rock" Solis (12-2-1, 4 KOs) won the vacant UBC Iberian-American super flyweight title with a third round TKO over Venezuelan challenger Jean Romero last Thursday at the Kuarzo Discotec in Villavicencio, Colombia.
O’Brien, Harris victorious!
By Sam DiTusa at ringside
Anacortes, Washington's Swinomish Northern Lights Casino was the scene Saturday night as two area favorites finished 2006 out in style. Canada's Matt O'Brien improved to (17-0, 7 KOs) with a hard fought eight-round decision over Chicago's Shay Mobley (15-8-1, 7 KOs) thus earning himself the 160 GBU middleweight title as all judges scored the fight 78-72 in his favor. Lansing, Michigan junior lightweight Tyrone Harris likewise finished off the year in style as he proved too much for Anthony Martinez in a six-round feature match. Scores read 60-54 twice, and 59-55, as Harris improved to (18-2, 3 KOs).
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India’s Monsoon is Delayed For Third Year in a Row — Climate Change is Likely Cause
“It has been observed that since 2001, places in northern India, especially in Rajasthan, are witnessing a rising temperature trend every year. The main reason is the excessive … emission of carbon dioxide.” — Laxman Singh Rathore, the director general of the India Meteorological Department.
The reduction in India’s monsoon rains is a big deal. It generates systemic drought, creates a prevalence for heatwaves, and locally amplifies the impacts of human-caused climate change. For three years now, the Indian monsoon has been delayed. India is experiencing its worst heatwaves ever recorded and water shortages across the country are growing dire. The monsoonal rains are coming, again late. And people across India — residents as well as weather and climate experts — are beginning to wonder if the endemic drought and heat stress will ever end.
Historically, there was only one climate condition known to bring about a delay in India’s Monsoon — El Nino. And last year, a strong El Nino is thought to have contributed both to the Monsoon’s late arrival and to a very severe drought that is now gripping the state. What the 2015 El Nino cannot also account for is the 2014 delay and weakening of monsoonal rains. And during 2016, as India’s monsoon has again been held back by 1-2 weeks, and El Nino is now but a memory, it’s beginning to become quite clear that there’s something else involved in the weakening of India’s annual rains.
Indian Monsoon Delayed Third Year in a Row
(Onset of the Indian Monsoon has been delayed for three years in a row now. A condition likely caused by a human-forced warming of the world and one that is worsening an extreme drought and heatwave situation across the country. Image source: The India Meteorological Department.)
As of today, the eastern edge of the Southeast Asian monsoon had only advanced to the middle of Myanmar. This late progress is two weeks behind the typical advance of the monsoon in this part of the world at this time of year. Further west, the monsoon has extended somewhat futher — only trailing the typical monsoon’s advance by 5 days along the western coast of India.
With La Nina blooming in the Eastern Pacific, there’s no other climatological excuse for this delay. The El Nino influence is mostly gone. And all that’s left is a global climate context in which temperatures have now risen to around 1.3 C hotter than 1880s averages.
Climate Change is Likely Cause
Scientific studies modeling the impacts of human-forced warming have long found that heating the Earth atmosphere resulted in an eventual delay and weakening of the Indian monsoon. A study published last year in Geoscience Frontiers continued this line of study. Global Circulation Model (GCM) runs found that the Indian monsoon was expected to be delayed by 15 days on average during the 21st Century due to human caused climate change. That the amount of precipitation provided by the monsoon would be reduced by about 70 percent. And that the eastern section of the monsoon would tend to be subject to greater delays than the west.
(Extreme heat in the range of 45 to 51 degrees Celsius [113 to 124 degrees Fahrenheit] is expected to continue to impact a broad region of Northern India and Eastern Pakistan tomorrow. These temperatures are in record ranges and threaten to again break the all-time hottest temperatures ever recorded in India this week. By now, the onset of monsoonal rains should be taking the edge off a good portion of this heat. But a monsoon apparently delayed by a human forced warming of the world still holds back its cooling loads of moisture. Image source: Earth Nullschool.)
Delays in the Indian Monsoon result in a loss of precipitation due to the fact that the duration of the event is greatly reduced. Rainfall has to therefore be more intense over a shorter period of time in order to make up for losses. Increasing drought prevalence results in further moisture losses due to a kind of atmospheric heat and dryness barrier that tends to sap storms of precipitation even as they start to form. The net result for India is a prediction of severe moisture loss due to human-caused climate change.
This year’s India monsoonal delay — as with the delay during 2014 — falls into that pattern. And the massive drought that India is now experiencing as a result appears to be emerging from a set of atmospheric conditions that are consistent with human-caused climate change. India’s risk for continued drought and increasingly extreme heatwaves over the coming years is therefore on the rise. And it is yet to be seen if this year’s monsoon will deliver the hoped-for and desperately-needed relief. Already, the rain-bearing storm system is lagging. And that’s not a good sign.
The Effects of Climate Change on the Seasonal Monsoon in Asia
The India Meteorological Department
India’s Heatwave Breaks Records
by robertscribbler on June 10, 2016 • Permalink
Tagged climate change, global warming, Hothouse Weather, Human Hothouse, human warming, India drought, India Heatwave, India Monsoon, India Monsoon Delayed, India record heat
Posted by robertscribbler on June 10, 2016
https://robertscribbler.com/2016/06/10/indias-monsoon-is-delayed-for-the-third-year-in-a-row-climate-change-is-likely-cause/
Record Drop in Coal Burning Raises Question — Is Peak Fossil Fuel Use Happening Now?
May Marks 8th Consecutive Record Hot Month in NASA’s Global Temperature Measure
Sooo, what happens if India has to be essentially abandoned??
The question is — how do you keep 1.3 billion Indians alive and well fed under these changing conditions? How do you prevent state destabilization and a resultant mass migration that will make what’s happening in the Middle East look like a tempest in a teapot by comparison? That’s what resiliency planners need to be looking at.
There’s certainly not much recognition of the causes of mass migration in my country, the UK, at the moment. Here the popular scapegoat for the “migration crisis” impacting on Europe is …. the European Union. Yes, a lot of people are saying that if it wasn’t for the EU there would be no crisis – nothing to do with years-long droughts or the Middle East. The underlying arguments for or against the UK remaining in the EU are complex, but the amount of petty-mindedness on display in the face of climate change related disasters is heart breaking.
“The Channel is the new Mediterranean” quipped an observer in a BBC report on the increasing numbers of migrants crossing clandestinely by boat or dinghy from mainland Europe to England, mainly to ports on the south and east coasts.
How much longer before the Atlantic is the new Mediterranean, I wonder, before these new “boat people” start arriving on our shores, either because they embarked direct in the Med, or were waved through to European ports and onwards to North America.
The south to north human migration has already started. And it’s a trickle now compared to what it is likely to become.
http://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/1986-sri-lankan-migrants-rescued-off-newfoundland
30 years ago.
Yes, and what happens when countries like India and Pakistan, each with nuclear weapons, becomes desperate. We are entering unchartered territory in so many ways.
marcel_g
Yeah this kind of thing is really worrying, and I don’t think enough people understand that it isn’t going to take much more warming for this to happen.
I recall reading years back how India was very concerned about immigration from Bangladesh when climate change gets worse. Here we are a few years down the road and those border fences India wanted are just holding in well over a billion increasingly desperate people.
Aaaand, what about the millions of people in neighboring Bangladesh that will be among the first to be especially hard-hit from sea level rise?
At the moment, they are swamping (and being swamped in) Dhaka: https://twitter.com/climatehawk1/status/735297100674531328
i was thinking that perhaps the increased heat energy in the atmosphere is pushing the descending air of Hadley cells a bit further to the north. That and the topography of the Tibetan plateau would greatly alter the summer monsoon season in India. It seems likely to me that if this is the case then in time India will barely experience any summer monsoons at all.
http://www.cherrapunjee.com/monsoon-magic/walker-and-hadley-cells/
nickthiwerspoon
That seems to be happening in Australia too (the widening of the Hadley cells).
Reblogged this on There Are So Many Things Wrong With This.
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/10/are-you-prepared-and-ready-for-hug-a-climate-scientist-day-week?
Here’s some really good news, and a potential breakthrough.
LONDON—Scientists in the US claim to have beaten nature at its own game. They have created a “bionic leaf” that exploits sunlight to create biomass—and they say their invention is now 10 times more effective than an oak or maple leaf.
Two separate laboratories at Harvard University have co-operated to devise, enhance and test a system that uses sunlight to split water molecules and feed the hydrogen to bacteria that then produce liquid fuels. The next task is to scale up the experiment to produce carbon neutral fuels to combat climate change.
http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/bionic_leaf_can_fuel_energy_revolution_20160610
Many small farmers without the financial means needed to mitigate these changes has been the source of a tremendous number of suicides. Many are in debt and survive marginally when things are normal. One bad year can crush them, 3 years of drought finishes them off.
In India, two consecutive years of weak monsoons have left some 330 million people — a quarter of the country — in the grip of drought. Deepening the crisis, farmers are taking their lives.
Bhagyashree’s brother-in-law, Dnyaneshwar Jadhav, says his brother Tukaram was distraught over loans he’d taken out to stay afloat in the face of his withered crops.
Private money-lenders charged his brother usurious interest rates and pulled him under, Dnyaneshwar says. “He paid as much as 50 percent interest on his loans and he couldn’t get out of the cycle or talk about it.”
http://www.npr.org/2016/05/15/478114654/amid-india-s-drought-crisis-suicides-increase-among-farmers-deep-in-debt
Seems like one of the important questions is how has thermal mass of the oceans been increasing. This is resulting in coral bleaching and anomalous conditions that feed into the lazy jet stream of late. Most of the blanketed energy has gone into the water.
At Jeff Masters’ blog:
“Climate Signals and “Demystifying Climate Change”: Two Great New Resources”
[The Climate Signals website] offers a quick and handy way to explore the climate change elements that are most pertinent to a given extreme event…
For journalists, policy makers, or any other interested parties delving into such high-profile events as Hurricane Sandy or the multi-year California drought, Climate Signals will serve as a convenient and easy-to-navigate starting point. Peer-reviewed attribution studies–which are referenced throughout the Climate Signals site–are the place to dig deeper when researching how much a given facet of climate change may have influenced a particular extreme event. We also found that the Real Time Data page–which contains over 50 links to various websites on current extreme temperatures, rainfall, storms, drought, fire, sea level, insect activity, snow, and ice–is a fantastic resource for researching the real-time impacts of extreme weather.
Note: Ricky Rood’s book is actually titled Demystifying Climate Models.
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=3330
The Climate Signals website is in Beta, and they are looking for feedback. I really liked the Real Time Data section – all sorts of data in one handy area (rather like Neven’s arctic sea ice graphs).
http://www.climatesignals.org
Great resource, thanks for sharing.
We’ve really moved beyond the “we’ll hit a tipping point someday” ponderance from the past few years. I am convinced “we are entering or are in the tipping point”.
The european atmosphere is very active and hard to categorize for the untutored observer:
Mr Scribbler, thanks for keeping us attuned to all the nuances of Climate Change, it is easy to get transfixed on smaller areas (like the Arctic) and forget all the terrible global consequences. The monsoon is the lifeblood of India and disruption to it is devastating.
The third pole features a related article on the source of the Ganga today.
“With ten Indian States reeling under drought and the country facing a severe water crisis after two weak monsoons, the disappearing freshwater sources such as the Himalayan glaciers is worrying. And though a three-kilometre retreat over two centuries might seem insignificant at first glance, data shows that the rate of retreat has increased sharply since 1971. The rate of retreat is now 22 metres per year.”
https://www.thethirdpole.net/2016/06/10/disappearing-source-of-the-ganga/
” … data shows that the rate of retreat has increased sharply since 1971.”
– My personal observations tell me that some stark indications of extreme change in the climate were manifesting themselves in the PNW in the early seventies. As was society’s ability to ignore, or deny, them.
I recall Robert saying something similar, at least the climate changes.
Am trying to put together a narrative of my own observations and analysis — many aspects are involved.
Dan Borroff
David;
In 1967 we visited Mt. Rainier for the first time. The glaciers were in dramatic retreat at that time. A bridge on the road to Paradise had been built over the Nisqually Glacier. By 1967 the terminus of the glacier was more than 500 feet above the bridge. A few years later, drawn to beauty of the Cascades, I moved to Seattle (via a short detour through Portland). Glacial ice in the North Cascades exceeded all the glaciers and snowfields in the rest of the lower 48 states combined. Everywhere I went in the backcountry the ice was in obvious retreat. One year I did the arduous bushwhacking hike to the glacial research station at South Cascade glacier. Bare rock, a clear sign of rapid ice retreat, extended from the snout of the glacier for 1/4 mile. The glacier was several miles long. Glacial research vehicles on the ice were barely visible from the marginal ridge where the station was located, mid glacier. Today Google Earth shows the glacier has been reduced by half. The bare rock and rubble field covers a greater area than the glacier. I have a vivid memory of the quality of the air above the glacier. It seemed diamond dusted, enchanting. Its loss is something to mourn.
Thanks for the memory, Dan. It’s a tragedy on a scale I find hard to fathom, but I appreciate the personal story.
And a reminder of terrible times in the past in India when the monsoons have failed and the governing bureaucracy were dispassionate and uncaring.
It has been a difficult summer for India.
Drought and a searing heat wave have affected an astonishing 330 million people across the country.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36339524
redskylite, as the BBC story makes clear, near the end (if you’ve read that far) any impression that one million is the extent of Indian famine deaths under the English rule is totally mistaken. Mike Davis’s ‘Late Victorian Holocausts’, which also investigates the role of El Nino in Indian droughts and famines makes it very clear that the death-roll was vastly greater. And the last of the man-made famines was in Bengal in the WW2 years, and probably killed six to ten million, eerily equivalent to the Nazi exterminations in eastern Europe.
– India – Sugar crop – It’s somehow surprising that sugar features big as a crop here.
India plans 25 percent tax on sugar exports as drought bites
India plans to introduce a 25 percent tax on sugar exports to maintain local supplies, the government said on Thursday, a move that could further push up global prices of the sweetener and boost shipments from Thailand.
Sugar output in India, the world’s no. 2 producer behind Brazil, is expected to decline this year due to a drought in major growing regions, while global prices have risen to two-and-a-half year highs.
http://in.reuters.com/article/india-sugar-tax-idINKCN0YW09U
‘Suspended apprehension’
For now, I preface my observations with a word about my own form of denial, etc.
The best term I have come up with is: suspended apprehension. This since about 1972-73 — and continuing through, and up to, today.
Documentary – “The Breakthrough In Renewable Energy”
For all that there are many entangled issues causing this crisis of our times, sometimes it is necessary to remember to think positive. Great documentary, thanks for sharing.
Penny Laskey
Terrific doco. Thanks Jeremy.
Venezuela Drought Aggravates Instability
Though June is generally the start of the rainy season in Venezuela, much of the country remains drier than normal, a moisture deficit that affects the country’s capacity to generate electricity and is aggravating a severe economic recession that is prompting looting, protests, and violence.
For three years, according to the Ministry of Electricity, Venezuela’s rainfall has measured 50 percent to 65 percent lower than normal. Drought conditions, according to the country’s meteorologists, are the worst they’ve been in at least 40 years.
The rainfall deficit affects almost all of the country, and is particularly serious in Bolivar, site of the 10,323-megawatt Guri hydroelectric plant, which supplies more than 60 percent of the country’s electricity. The Guri station, at full operating capacity, is the third largest hydropower station in the world, according to Powertechnology.com, a trade news organization. Today, it is far, far from full capacity.
http://www.circleofblue.org/2016/world/venezuela-drought-aggravates-instability/
Thanks for this. Latin America is particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts on hydropower, and will need to change their focus – see this article from last year.
“How will Latin America deal with its hydropower problem”
…”Small scale hydroelectric projects, wind and solar are more resilient to climate change than large centralized dams and have less severe impacts on the environment. They are also cheaper to operate and more likely to reach rural areas not connected to a centralized national grid.”
https://www.greenbiz.com/article/how-will-latin-america-deal-its-hydropower-problem
Wherever climate refugees go is likely to have its own climate problems.
The European heat wave of 2003 tells us that Europe is also now has the potential for deadly heat waves. The Russian heat wave of 2010 tells us that even Siberia is not a safe haven from AGW. Add in high population pressures from large numbers of climate refugees from the tropics, and AGW in the Northern Hemisphere takes on sharp toothed realism.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/epidemic-climate-change_us_56210714e4b069b4e1fbb8c0 in the context of http://phys.org/news/2016-06-globalization-economic-production-vulnerable-climate.html
Currently, North America and Europe need products from Central America, South
Asia, and Africa. If large populations from Central America, South Asia, and Africa migrate to North America and Europe, then those needs will go up, but the sources of such products will vastly diminish.
We are not honestly considering either the practical, or the ethical issues of near term AGW. The death toll as people flee the ME and Africa is just as much a measure of AGW as the death tolls from heat waves and kidney damage to Central American agricultural workers.
1 Big Oil Company That’s Making Climate Change a Priority
How is big oil going to make the transition to a cleaner energy future? One company is outlining its plans in a new report. ……………………. One company has taken a more advanced look at climate change and is already changing its business model as a result. Total (NYSE:TOT), the French oil giant that’s the #4 oil & gas producer worldwide recently released a report called “Integrating Climate into our Strategy” and it’s putting money where its mouth is when it comes to adapting to the reality of climate change in energy. Here’s a look at how it could pay off for investors.
30 years ago scientists warned Congress on global warming. What they said sounds eerily familiar
Thirty years ago, on June 10 and 11 of 1986, the U.S. Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works commenced two days of hearings, convened by Rep. John H. Chafee (R-R.I.), on the subject of “Ozone Depletion, the Greenhouse Effect, and Climate Change.”
“This is not a matter of Chicken Little telling us the sky is falling,” Chafee said at the hearing. “The scientific evidence … is telling us we have a problem, a serious problem.”
I read that article and it just makes me crazy. We have been fiddling while Rome burns..knowing for so many years the dangers of a warming earth…and our leaders continue to put their heads in the sand, all the while supporting the fossil fuel industry.
What a short sighted species we are…and evolution may take care of the problem for us. The planet will survive, in some form, however we may not.
This isn’t directly climate related, but is disturbing.
“EPA Proposed New Emergency Limits For Radioactive Drinking Water, And They Don’t Look Good”
New and higher radioactivity limits for drinking water tainted in the case of a nuclear emergency were put forward by the Environmental Protection Agency this week, a move that environmental organizations are calling “egregious.”
According to environmentalists, the new PAG (Protective Action Guide) would allow iodine-131 limits to be 3,450 times higher than now permitted, while for strontium-90 there would be a 925 increase.
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/06/10/3786993/new-radiation-protection-manual-proposed/
– Fossil Fuel Air Pollution — More sordid history of an immoral and corrupt gas and oil industry. The whole culture reeks of pure evil even as it has ingrained itself in the larger polity.
Smog may kill but oil and cars sell.
Not much has changed except the growing danger to us all.
For Oil Industry, Clean Air Fight Was Dress Rehearsal for Climate Denial
Through the Smoke and Fumes Committee, industry blurred the science surrounding air pollution and worked to forestall unwanted regulation
When the smog plaguing Los Angeles reached distressing levels in the early 1950s, the city hired Arie Haagen-Smit to study the cause. Not only was Haagen-Smit a scientist specializing in airborne microscopic chemicals, he was also angry about the state of the city’s air. His work swiftly determined that the culprit was oil.
Following a hunch, Haagen-Smit built an unorthodox laboratory that accurately demonstrated how nitrogen oxide and uncombusted hydrocarbons from tailpipes and refineries react in sunlight to produce smog. His findings unnerved oil companies, which feared onerous regulation would follow. So when another scientist, Harold Johnston, challenged Haagen-Smit’s findings, the industry’s main consulting group hired him.
“They said terrible things about Haagen-Smit…I was given the job of overthrowing his theory entirely,” Johnston recalled in an oral history years later. “I rapidly concluded that Haagen-Smit was a genius!”
That wasn’t what the oil industry wanted to hear. It shelved Johnston’s work and let his contract lapse. Then it conducted its own research to discredit Haagen-Smit’s conclusions and manufacture doubt around the link between oil and smog.
[Another industrious Charles Keeling type;]
– Caltech scientist Arie Haagen-Smit (pictured) discovered in the early 1950s that oil was the cause of the dangerous smog shrouding L.A. Industry then conducted its own research to discredit Haagen-Smit’s findings and manufacture doubt around the link between oil and smog. It continues to fight attempts to tighten smog regulation. Photo courtesy of the California Institute of Technology
“How the oil industry handled smog is a template for how it handled a bunch of issues, the most significant being climate change. There’s a DNA here that’s palpable,” said Carroll Muffett, an attorney who is the president of the watchdog group, Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL). “Through it all, you see the creation of an echo chamber of doubt that takes the small unknowns and uncertainties and magnifies it until all we have is unknowns, when in fact the actual science isn’t that way at all.”
The American Petroleum Institute, the oil industry’s chief lobby, did not respond to questions about its work on smog.
http://insideclimatenews.org/news/05062016/oil-industry-clean-air-fight-smog-los-angeles-dress-rehearsal-climate-change-denial-exxon
Nuisance #flooding set records in 7 U.S. coastal cities in 2015, thanks to #ElNiño. https://t.co/iurDmNqdeb pic.twitter.com/RGCDIqmXCn
— Jonathan Erdman (@wxjerdman) June 11, 2016
Unfortunately, good example of undercutting the message by adopting the enemies’ terminology (“nuisance” flooding is just coastal flooding).
"I took a lot of money out of the casinos with the financings and the things we do." Diving into Trump's $$$: https://t.co/AqPqTtOGs3
— John Upton (@johnupton) June 11, 2016
Coal ash ponds found to leak toxic materials
A Duke University study of coal ash ponds near 21 power plants in five Southeastern U.S. states has found evidence that nearby surface waters and groundwater are consistently and lastingly contaminated by the unlined ponds.
High levels of toxic heavy metals including arsenic and selenium were found in surface waters or groundwater at all of the sites tested. Concentrations of trace elements in 29 percent of the surface water samples exceeded EPA standards for drinking water and aquatic life.
“In all the investigated sites, we saw evidence of leaking,” said Avner Vengosh, a professor of geochemistry and water quality in Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment. “Some of the impacted water had high levels of contaminants.”
The study, which appears June 10 in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, did not test drinking water wells, but that will be the next phase of the research, Vengosh said.
Somewhere Wilber and Orville are smiling –
Green skies: Solar Impulse 2 pilot eyes renewable energy future
Solar Impulse 2, which flew over the Statue of Liberty on its historic solar-powered global journey Saturday, continues to prove the vast potential of renewable energy, according to pilot Bertrand Piccard.
The plane landed at New York’s JFK airport at 4 a.m. ET on Saturday, completing the 14th leg of its trip.
What If Global Warming Emptied India?
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-if-global-warming-emptied-india/
A broader question “Burma to Pakistan” .
Thought experiment –
They all cross the highest mountains in the World to the highest desert on Earth ?
And invade Russia.
They all get in boats and sail to the Mideast ?
They all get in boats and sail to Africa ?
They all get in boats and sail to Australia?
This entire “free trade” makes us all rich theory , is about collapse. . We all see it here.
Take the Thailand Floods. Honda lost all of it’s production for months.
This entire effort to convert the natural world into money is falling on it’s ass.
And Money is pure construct of the mind of man , no where in Nature does “Money” appear.
Profit motive is mostly destructive and has driven us to this pass. I’d like to see a goods motive. As in, a motive to do things in such a way that improves not just individual well being, but everyone’s well being. And we need to motive to help everyone, everything living on the Earth to be front and center if we’re going to survive this mess. The whole system right now is built to make a profit. It needs to be steadily reconstructed to generate goods, well-being, and to prevent and reduce harm.
So the issue for India is a combination of heat, water and food. Not just heat. But what heat does to people, to water supplies and to food. The article above only seems to consider the impact of heat on individual humans. Not heat on human systems like power generation for air conditioning for example.
I’d venture that India driven by centralized fossil fuel based power and feeding their people in the current fashion would not exist at the 3-4 C climate threshold and begins to suffer mass migration pressure now. We are already seeing mass farmer suicides from drought pressure and loss of water. This year, we’ve already had a big wave of migration from the rural regions and into the cities. This pattern is similar to what we’ve seen in Bangladesh.
The problem is that city resiliency is also hit by climate change. You’ve got to have more resilient cities that have greatly reduced externalities and resource footprints going forward if we want to prevent big waves of migrations. The thing is we don’t have much time to achieve this.
I was debating a climate denier recently and after wasting a bunch of time i said put your money where your mouth is. Ill bet you $100 California will have drier years compared to the average of the 20th century. They tried to wiggle out of it but would not take the bet. They kept coming up w the BS th CC deniers do i kept saying if you talk the talk, walk the walk. They would not take the bet.
Then i went to another CC denier I know and asked him to bet. Nope.
Another guy who was watching thread commented thats an interesting way to fight them. I pointed out it may also be a good way to make money! Either they dont believe what they say so they wont take the bet OR if they do, Ill take their money.
I also offered that it doesny need to be money, it could be a charity of your choice, mine might be a climate related group, theirs might be a Bezelbub worshipping group.
I think this is an intriguing way to fight against them. Anybody have any experience like this? IS there any online betting? I know there is longbets by the longnow foundation but thats a little different.
I thought of this as talk is cheap, but wastes time, which makes it expensive. A good way to save time and embarass a CC denier is to bet them.
Just have them breathe their own emissions – and see how their ‘climate’ behaves.
I like that, Genomik. It shows that deniers don’t even believe their own BS. Just like the professional deniers who refuse to take Bill Nye’s bet, they know damn well they are lying because they know who it is that writes their checks.
As Ryan indicates, Genomik, Google: “bill nye” “marc morano” and you will see discussion of a bet which never materialized.
– ‘Smoke and Fumes’ begat landscapes of heat absorbent asphalt.
Even though the #Tucson air is 100 degrees – dark pavement absorbs heat reading 143 degrees F in mid-town. #Azwx pic.twitter.com/VNWtv31MWL
— Ashley Athey (@VTWxAsh) June 2, 2016
Black heat absorbent asphalt covers a school playground in Portland, OR.
On a recent day with a temp of 97 F then the asphalt was likely giving off heat in the range of 140 F. Cruel and far too usual.
Black petroleum based asphalt and petro-chemical plastic for our children and our future.
Black heat absorbent rubber and #asphalt on a school playground w/ plastic equipment in #Portland, OR. pic.twitter.com/Q0ECSETQyf
— David Lange (@DavidLange2) June 11, 2016
I think it’s nuts that we tear up the natural surroundings and cover our landscapes, our homes and even ourselves in oil. The vehicles we drive run on oil. The roads we drive on are comprised of oil. The residences we come home to are often covered in oil (asphalt shingles, vinyl siding, Azek trim (which is plastic), the housewrap vapor barrier is often oil-based). Even our clothing is increasingly made of plastics, as more and more are made from synthetic fibers. Not to mention that almost every purchase we make is somehow wrapped in oil. We are completely surrounded by oil and every step that took us to this point has been more insane than the previous one.
It’s the resource curse writ large. I think historians will generally rue the hydrocarbon age.
I have often wondered this, and it’s probably a stupid question, but if we do manage to get to zero fossil fuel extraction, what about all the things we use, as Ryan mentions, that are made from petroleum by-products? What about plastics, for example? Will we still extract oil to make all that stuff, or do we invent new materials to replace the petroleum-based ones….?
Plastics create their own problems. We’d be better off with majority biodegradables. But to do that sustainably you need to return to hemp as a widely used raw material. As an example, you can make plastic-like substances out of hemp and corn starch. You just have to get land use right. Vertical farming and a transition to non meat helps.
In the end, though, if you’re looking at carbon emissions — it’s mostly an issue of fossil fuel burning. The materials side is less emissions intensive and there are viable resplacements for about 80 percent of the fossil fuel based products. Net fossil fuel use for materials is about 15 percent. So you can cut out the 85 percent burned without having to worry about materials in any case. If fossil fuels wished to remain viable as a raw material, they’d need to re-work the refinement process. But the more I look at this, the more I think it’s more an opportunity to make more sustainable materials than a problem. That it’s more an issue of marketing that has resulted in so many fossil fuel based substances working their way into modern life.
The right wing has convinced us we all live on a “Money Planet” , we don’t We live on the Earth. 3 rocks from the Sun. And this is it. Unless all the deniers move to Venus. Where CO2 is trace gas. And they build a right wing utopia. Where the laws of physics are over come by right wing dogma.
The current temperature on Venus is just under 900 degrees F.
June 11 — 23 forecast California:
Uh…. so this would break or tie many all time heat records in SJV pic.twitter.com/yCAkcNReMi
— Ben Nauman (@bencnauman) June 11, 2016
File under: Field Notes from the Eastern Edge
Spotted today in Twilingate on the NE coast of Newfoundland, a number of good-sized proper icebergs displaying the signature green-blue colour and marble-like appearance of the real deal—glacial ice, calved in Greenland. (Chances are good, for example, that the majority of the bergs that infest our waters originate in Jakobshavn, on the west coast of Greenland.)
One berg in particular caught my eye: grounded in a cove a few hundred feet offshore, the visible bulk of this berg seemed to equal two or three large houses, with a lot more underwater, of course. It was clearly on its side, though, as it was displaying a most curious even black layer, of dirt or sediment, that ran vertically from the water line, across the undulating top of the berg, and back down into the water. This layer of rock, dirt, or whatever, looked to be about two-three feet thick throughout its length. I wondered how it came to be sandwiched between two layers of possibly very old ice. Were there ever volcanic eruptions in Greenland? Could it be the residue of melt run-off from another warm period? How old it might in fact be—a few hundred, perhaps a thousand years old, or more? Where’s a glaciologist when you need one! 😀
So from what I’ve been able to google-glean, it’s probably volcanic ash. The thing is, the line was solid and dark, with no staining or leaching into the ice, so that tells me it’s got to be compacted really hard, rock-hard, probably, and therefore, pretty old. So where and when it came from are anyone’s guess.
Farting around withe the deniers –
305. JEBTucson
Nothing in the record compares to us.
We are digging up 320 million year old shale gas, and burning it. Along with every other time frame the Earth buried carbon atoms. The coal atoms are 100 millions years later. The Saudi oil atoms are over 200 million years later, The Periman Basin oil 250 million years.
We are burning all of it to run our weed wackers.
The bill is on the way, make no mistake.
– Thanks for putting it into a time scale.
“….320 million year old shale gas” — Methane
WaPo 0609
Methane emissions … the government might not know how much there is.
Now, after the growth of a natural gas production operation commonly known as fracking, the United States is producing more methane emissions than any country in the world. And in a complaint submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of the Inspector General on Wednesday, a small North Carolina watchdog group argues persuasively that the government might not know how much is released into the sky as a result of drilling and storage of gas extracted from shale deep under ground.
The 68-page complaint by NC Warn accuses the EPA of allowing untold levels of methane into the atmosphere by allowing oil and gas companies to monitor emissions with a pricey device that’s faulty. The group says in its complaint that the agency knows the $20,000, backpack-sized Bacharach Hi-Flow Sampler doesn’t work well because the man who invented the technology that inspired it blew a whistle years ago.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/06/09/this-heated-fight-over-methane-emissions-is-almost-as-hot-as-the-gas/
Peace-
Eric Clapton laid down today………………..
CREAM – NSU
Cream – I Feel Free
The end of the old world.
Riding with the King (B.B. King and Eric Clapton album)
highest ozone level according to South Coast Air Managment is 380/b
“ozone level according to South Coast Air Managment is 380/b”
Jay M — Where does that figure come from?
google result
will look for it, maybe further on threads
I thought they went to 7-800 in the fifties
But I was born then
Sorry screwed up, was 680/b line 2 of returns as .68 parts per million
Snowing in June? No, that's hail on the road! More pics from the thunderstorm that passed through Fairbanks. #akwx pic.twitter.com/coueC35onz
— NWS Fairbanks (@NWSFairbanks) June 12, 2016
Has given up playing in public.
Cream Crossroads
Not totally, & fortuneately!
Cheers CB,
Ooops should be the link to this years concert:
RS…………….. God bless ua all. We;re going to nrrd it.
Yeah. Considering how much effort goes into selling bad thinking generally, I often find myself lamenting what we could have achieved if people were more perceptive, reasonable, and discerning. But most of all if there wasn’t so much effort put into selling deception.
Greenland witnessed its highest June temperature ever recorded on Thursday
Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, soared to 75 degrees (24 Celsius) Thursday, marking the warmest temperature ever recorded in the Arctic country during June.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/06/10/greenland-witnessed-its-highest-june-temperature-ever-recorded-on-thursday/
Sorry for the off topic post, but this could be very important.
There are still 2.5 million votes to be counted in California, and this could have an unknown effect on the California primary – and Bernie Sanders’ delegate count. People given provisional ballots may include many Bernie Sanders supporters, because young people are often more mobile, and independent voters may tend to be renters and so more mobile than homeowners. So the uncounted votes could heavily favor Bernie Sanders.
http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-primary-there-are-more-than-2-5-million-1465520381-htmlstory.html
The total ballots counted in the California primary will climb, from about 6 million to about 8.5 million.
When my wife and I went to vote, she noticed that the six people immediately in front of her in line were given provisional ballots, because they were “not on the list”.
When I went to vote, I saw two people also given provisional ballots. The election workers stressed that they would be able to vote – but did not say that there would be a delay in counting the votes and if their voter information is uncertain or unverifiable their vote may not be counted.
Bernie Sanders is doing the right thing in staying in the race. He’s getting huge pressure in the media to unify the party – but there is time for that after the votes have been counted, I think.
The California provisional ballot system may falsely favor more conservative, settled voters, and discriminate against the young, more mobile, and independent voters – so skewing the results for Hillary and against Bernie.
I hope that Bernie stays in the race, until all the votes are counted and in fact through the convention.
If Hillary really wants to unify the party, she could name Bernie as her running mate. She could unify the party with one sentence.
I agree. Absolutely and whole heartedly.
Hi Leland,
I disagree. We need Bernie in the Senate not side lined as a VP in an administration that will very likely side line him. We need Elizabeth Warren in the Senate unless it is assured that a Democrat would succeed her in the Senate. We need as many democratic house and senate members as we can get to control those bodies so that the next president can do something about climate change, select a progressive supreme court judge, keep EPA , USDI, USDA, and USDOE on track for environmental protection, renewable energy generation, and push the Paris Accord. We need senators and representatives that will keep Clinton on track progressively from outside her administration.
Hi Dave-
Reasonable people can and do disagree on such complex subjects.
But the VP spot and a pledge to not sideline Bernie could possibly get Hillary both Bernie’s fund raising apparatus and just about all of his voters.
Perhaps with Democratic politics this year, there does not have to be a loser. There can be a huge number of winners, instead.
Can’t imagine Bernie would be willing to be VP. Even if he agreed to an offer (I would be shocked) I don’t believe he could accomplish much in that role given the job description for veeps. It would seem to be just a move to “unite the party” without much substance:
http://www.livescience.com/5113-vice-president.html
Which all raises the question, just how much power does the veep officially have?
“The Constitution gives the vice president the role of presiding over the Senate, and voting in the Senate if there is a tie. The vice president’s only other formal responsibility is taking over the presidency if the president dies.
“That’s about it in terms of the formal role,” said Paul Brace, a political scientist at Rice University in Texas who researches presidential history. “For many years, there was such lopsided control of the Senate, the tie-breaking vote never really came into play. Traditionally it’s a pretty meaningless role. It’s not something that allows you to exercise a lot of power.”
The role has little institutionalized power. That said, it’s a big platform. I’d think that’s what progressives need to give their views more air time.
If Hillary really wants to unify the party she would call for and try to activate an immediate investigation into the voting problems that occurred all over this country. She would help get to the truth about the votes in California. I don’t know about you, but I would have a problem claiming victory with millions of votes still uncounted in California.
If she really wants to unify the party Hillary will state definitively that she will impose a carbon tax (and will work with Sanders and groups like Citizen’s Climate lobby to make that happen), ban fracking (again, work with Sanders and other groups to do this), raise the minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour and state definitively that she will oppose the TPP and other destructive trade agreements.
If she wants to unify the party she will work with Sanders (and Warren) on getting money out of politics and she will move toward universal health care (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_coverage_by_country).
As Bernie Sanders has stated repeatedly:
“We still have 35 million Americans without insurance. We need to join the rest of the industrialized world. We are the only major country on Earth that doesn’t guarantee health care to all people as a right.”
If this damaging “health care” system does not change, it will only exacerbate all of the problems our country is facing. Unless you’re into population control via poor health care! This is a serious threat to the health and well being for most that are not wealthy.
People are literally dying that are PAYING for “health care” yet can’t afford medication and/or necessary tests/treatments.
Personal note: I may have to leave this country because I cannot afford health insurance and have quite a few more years to go before medicare. I am a vegetarian, into wholistic health, physically fit but this isn’t enough to thwart genetic health problems. I still need medical science.
To keep paying into this pathological system disgusts me. I have BCBS. In 2012 my premiums were $980 every 2 months. 2 weeks ago (with dread and a nauseating feeling in my stomach), I opened their latest mailing: “due to increasing cost of care” etc. etc. “your premium is now $1,400 every 2 months.
I have a $5,000 deductible. That is close to 14,000 a year for health insurance!!! That is about half the cost of ONE of Hillary Clinton’s designer jackets (snopes confirmed one of her Armani jackets cost between $7,000 and $12,000). Think about that. She thinks the system is working just fine—-just needs a few tweaks.
I am certainly not alone with high premiums/high deductibles. Many people feel trapped, scared and many are in ill health. We have to just keep writing the checks to the health insurance companies who have us by the throats . . what choice do we have?
Looked into the website for a less expensive plan via “Obamacare”. Sure, you can get less expensive coverage but try finding a doctor/hospital who accepts it! And the coverage isn’t 100% after deductible which means you are one major illness away from bankruptcy. They don’t tell you that on the unAffordable Health care web site.
Bernie has been the only one speaking to all these important issues that must be addressed. He has been the only candidate (other than Jill Stein) calling for a carbon tax,a ban on fracking and getting money out of politics. That —-to me—–is the epitome of the GOOD cop.
And lastly, for what it’s worth . . .. Hillary Clinton is still under FBI investigation. I have a hard time understanding how people can throw their full support behind someone (who is supposed to lead by example) that is being investigated for potentially significant crimes. This is not just a “right wing conspiracy theory”. I have a hard time comprehending how Hillary can run for president in good conscience. Seriously, can you imagine being under investigation by the FBI and running for president? I don’t think I could run for county board with that hanging over my head and in my psyche. I would want to lead by example and ignoring/dismissing the rules is not a good example in ANY job let alone Secretary of State of the U.S.
Caroline —
I have to say that I agree wholeheartedly with a lot of this and that these are good points. I’d also like to add that with respect to Clinton’s emails, comment on the bottom, I think that Obama and the DNC should work to address this issue immediately if Clinton is going to be the nominee at the convention. Obama has given his endorsement, but an ongoing FBI investigation that may last throughout the election and not find results until we have a sitting President does things —
1. Gives Trump supporters fire to continuously harass Clinton and
2. May render Clinton illegitimate if the FBI rules in a way that is more harsh than many now expect
And I’d like to add that Hillary winning the election, in my opinion, will require her to take stances that are more similar to those of Bernie on a number of these key issues. And that’s one reason why I’ve pushed so hard to have Bernie as a running mate. While Hillary may be a political pragmatist/operator who’s good at navigating the Washington and International political structures, Bernie is basically the soul of the party. And we shouldn’t lose sight of that.
Hillary was always going to be tough to beat for a number of reasons. But she’s tough to support too due to baggage that absolutely needs to be addressed.
1. RE votes, we should be clear, though, that the numbers coming in indicate that Bernie lost this and that Bernie never had a majority popular vote support in the polls. We should be realistic when looking at these numbers and not set ourselves up for over-reach, but maintain the strongest bargaining position possible. This was the same system that elected Barack Obama as party leader. Bernie lacked enough appeal among women overall and African American voters in general to tip the scales and that’s why he lost. Some voting issues may have tilted the election toward Hillary. But the issues resulted in marginal gains if any and were not enough to account for the millions of votes lead accorded to Hillary. This is born out in national polling data which has consistently shown Hillary leading Bernie. So we should be very clear that Hillary won. Hillary won due to the fact that she had broader support. And that the primary election wasn’t ‘stolen’ from Bernie.
2. Of course, where there were issues that reduced involvement, then these should be rectified. But to keep talking about this as if it was some kind of active voter suppression effort is both untrue and unhelpful.
3. “If she really wants to unify the party Hillary will state definitively that she will impose a carbon tax (and will work with Sanders and groups like Citizen’s Climate lobby to make that happen), ban fracking (again, work with Sanders and other groups to do this), raise the minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour and state definitively that she will oppose the TPP and other destructive trade agreements.”
While I agree with this sentiment, I don’t think we can make demands like this and expect them to be implemented entirely. That said, I think there’s a lot of ground that can be gained here. Carbon tax may be doable. Unfortunately, I don’t think Hillary will impose a complete national fracking ban, but I think there is room for us to push to harden her stance on fracking — increasing the overall difficulty of engaging in the practice. A carbon tax would effectively curtail a good portion of fracking in any case. I’d rather have a ban, but given renewables increasing economic allure, the tax would be almost as effective. There’s probably room for us pushing Hillary’s minimum wage support higher, although I don’t know if we can get her to accept the $15 dollar mark. RE TPP, I think we can absolutely gain some ground here as Hillary is now obviously embarrassed by her past support of the deal. Trump will attack her on this. So that’s something to keep in mind as well.
4. “If she wants to unify the party she will work with Sanders (and Warren) on getting money out of politics and she will move toward universal health care (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_coverage_by_country).”
These are big issues that resonate with the American people. If she wants to win, she will speak to these issues and add people to her campaign and Presidential staff who will work to rectify them.
5. “We still have 35 million Americans without insurance. We need to join the rest of the industrialized world. We are the only major country on Earth that doesn’t guarantee health care to all people as a right.”
We have a problem in that one political party will never support the single payer system combined with price controls that this country needs to keep healthcare affordable in this country. The Affordable Care Act added more coverage for more people but did this by forcing healthy people to pay more for coverage. There weren’t enough price controls to rectify a situation in which insurance companies would have to continue to raise premiums over time. In addition, the beveling in of the health insurance system to the provision of basic and emergency care needs continues to generate a middle man that adds 10-30 percent to price of care in this country.
We need price controls on care providers, drug providers, medical equipment providers and hospitals. We need provisions that disallow care providers from turning patients away (both for regular healthcare providers and for mental healthcare providers) And we need a single payer system linked to that if we are ever to really deal with all the problems. It would be a system in which insurers could offer premium coverage, but where the basics would be handled by the government as they are in most industrialized countries.
Hillary should deal with this head on. But she should also be very clear that a republican victory would result in the dismantling of Obama Care and the dumping of about 10 million sick people off of insurance rolls and back onto the emergency care system. That it would result in even more rapidly spiraling systemic costs than what we have seen under Obamacare. That Obamacare was a step in the right direction, but that if you want to rectify the entire issue you need a national healthcare policy that includes single payer and price controls.
This would be a tough haul for Hillary. But she needs to turn into the wind and make the sale.
6. The emails…
First I’ll say that the IG report was not sanguine. It found that Hillary Clinton bent the rules in such a way that was probably a bit outside of government policy. Powell also had a private email server and though Clinton’s use was somewhat similar to Powell’s it appears that she sailed much closer to the wind than that former Secretary of State. The IG aknowledges that there were issues and gray areas in the State Department email policy. And this may have helped to create a hole into which Clinton fell.
Clinton has publicly spun a number of the facts RE the email issue. From my view this does not inspire confidence. First, Clinton should be forthright RE the issue. Second, if there is the real possibility of an indictment, then I would think that the party should consider alternate options. Obama has given his endorsement and the party appears to be readying to support her at the convention. But I think that Clinton and democrats should be aware that the issue, if it goes south, could create a problem of legitimacy.
I think everyone needs to consider what the implications are of a presidential candidate on the democratic side who is the ongoing target of an FBI investigation. I think that would absolutely legitimize a 3rd party candidacy for Bernie Sanders, should he choose to go that route. Clinton and democrats need to put this to bed now and not allow it to be a lingering issue going forward.
http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2016/may/12/fbis-investigation-hillary-clintons-emails-recap/
http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/04/02/396823014/fact-check-hillary-clinton-those-emails-and-the-law
http://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/ig-report-on-clintons-emails/
Apparently, Independents who wanted to vote for Bernie needed to ask for a Democratic ballot. Many of them did not know this:
Many CA independent voters left out of presidential primary-
Party confusion leads to people not getting presidential ballots
http://www.kcra.com/news/many-ca-independent-voters-left-out-of-presidential-primary/39854480
“Of the voters surveyed who said they wanted a Democratic ballot rather than an NPP ballot, 58 percent said they would have voted for Sanders and 37 percent said they would have voted for Clinton, Mitchell said.
On Wednesday, a judge rejected a lawsuit by Sanders supporters who argued that rules for the state’s independent voters are unclear. The suit sought more time to register voters before the critical June 7 primary.”
I saw some of this confusion when I went to vote. A voter was given an NPP ballot, but brought it back to the polling station when he discovered there was no Presidential candidate listed on the ballot. The polling workers asked him several times if he wanted a Democratic ballot, and he finally said “yes” and was given such a ballot.
People taking the California primary results as a sign of – anything – might want to think again. Bernie Sanders may have had much more support in the state, and many more people wanting to vote for him, than either the primary results so far or the final primary results once a full count is made will show.
I think we should be making it easier for people to vote in the dem primaries, not harder. I think that this is a general problem across the country. In national elections, I think that voting should be made a civic obligation for all US citizens. The non participatory stuff causes big distortions.
I think Bernie should absolutely stay in as long as he can and bring as much influence to the convention as possible. And if he somehow manages to pull off a popular vote win nationally, then I think he should be the candidate. I also think that we as democrats should unify behind whoever wins. And that if Bernie does not win we should push for him or Warren as VP.
Yes, no vote is a vote for Trump. No matter what happens, we need to keep Trump out of the White House.
Bernie is a better and more effective attack dog than Warren, I think. If Hillary wants somebody to go after Trump effectively, she should pick Bernie, I think.
I agree. Bernie would do great honing in on Trump. Warren might be a good future dem presidential candidate.
Not to mention Bernie’s fund raising ability and campaign organization, and his true advocacy of problems that really do need to be fixed. A Hillary / Bernie ticket would unite two world class campaign teams, and bury Trump, I hope to God.
Hillary’s whole Presidency could take the pattern of her being the Good Cop, to Bernie’s Bad Cop. It could really work, I think.
Most sane business people would and should be afraid to give money to Trump, lest he loose cannon us into ruinous wars and ignore the global warming problem until too late to do anything to stop it.
I can’t think of anyone who I would be more afraid of having his finger on the nuclear war trigger than Donald Trump.
Robert, there is no chance that Bernie can win the popular vote in the Dem primaries. I voted for Bernie in CA, but Hillary won 16 milion votes to 12.3 million for Bernie. We can’t be swayed by wishes, but by facts. The fact is Bernie struggled to win African-American votes and therefore lost Southern primaries by large margins. My hope is that Bernie can be VP, but I think it will be Kaine or Warren. Most likely Warren now, because of her going after Trump. The results of the primaries are here.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_of_the_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016
Thank Maltose. I was pretty certain that was the case. I still think that Bernie would be the better running mate, followed by Warren. Kaine is OK, but has little name recognition and less pull overall with progressives.
3 leading modes (EOFs) of NP SSTs via HADISST. 1st mode=PDO, 2nd mode= NPGO, 3rd mode looks familiar… #Climate pic.twitter.com/3w52pxoWgU
— Eric Webb (@webberweather) June 12, 2016
Amplifying ridge will bring a return to the heat across the Southwest with well above normal temperatures pic.twitter.com/48nBmIX47E
— Zack Labe (@ZLabe) June 12, 2016
335PM – Flash Flood warning for Jackson Co until 530PM. 2-4" of rain has fallen just north of US 59. #houwx #txwx pic.twitter.com/R8ZFsv2N8H
— NWSHouston (@NWSHouston) June 12, 2016
Active moisture in gulf region:
– climatecentral.org/news/wildfires-disrupt-oil-sands-production-exposing-climate-risk
Wildfires Disrupt Oil Sands, Exposing Climate Risk
While importing oil from Canada has been controversial in the U.S., the devastating wildfires in Fort McMurray have served to underscore a larger issue: Natural disasters exacerbated by climate change can threaten major natural resources.
The wildfires in Alberta forced tar sands production to be cut by about a third, or 800,000 barrels per day in May, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration data published this week. Alberta Energy Regulator data show that production averaged about 2.5 million barrels per day in March. Canada is the largest exporter of oil to the U.S, supplying about about 41 percent of U.S. crude oil imports, most of which comes from the Alberta oil sands.
http://www.climatecentral.org/news/wildfires-disrupt-oil-sands-production-exposing-climate-risk-20432?utm_content=bufferdcb62&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer
One of the most immediate effects of the Fort Mac fires was that PetroCanada gas stations, most of which are in Western Canada and are supplied by Fort Mac oil, ran out of gas. This was temporary until alternate supplies could be had but still—a foretaste of things to come, perhaps.
The centralized power and fuel production systems of fossil fuels are more vulnerable to the impacts of human-caused climate change than distributed renewable energy systems. Renewables are both a mitigation and an adaptation in this respect.
Whoa, nice, had not really thought of that. Certainly true that wind and solar do not raise the risk of catastrophic failure like nuclear and hydro, but the tar sands fire does add a significant extra dimension.
Tar sands not only relies on a lack of wildfires (more dubious with each passing summer), but also on the steady flow of that Athabasca River.
Coal fired and gas fired power stations pretty much all sit on major water ways — read oceans and estuaries prone to sea level rise and rivers prone to drought and flooding. Hydro suffers due to increased water variability. Nuclear is at risk due to the same factors that put coal and gas at risk. However, it’s much harder to decommission a nuke plant than it is a gas plant.
Distributed power systems, from a climate change adaptation standpoint also distribute the load of damage coming from extreme events like wildfires and storms. They do not rely on major water sources that are vulnerable to the most extreme forms of disruption coming from climate change. They can also be protected by operators if proper forecasting is available and if the modular designs include the ability to rapidly remove vulnerable components ahead of powerful storms.
Add in the fact that renewables (wind and solar) use less water than pretty much any other power source and you have a second positive adaptation — energy that provides less strain on threatened fresh water supplies.
John B Davies
Hello Robert,
The late monsoons of the last 3 years have been influenced by the El Nino Event. In 2014 there were already El Nino tendencies, witness the fact that 2014 was the warmest year on record at that time. 2015 was an El Nino year. The 2016 Monsoon season was set up during the El Nino which has now just ended.
However I do agree that Global Warming is also playing a part in the delay of the Indian monsoon. The monsoon in 2017 and 2018 will probably be more normal as it will be influenced by the La Nina but from 2019 onwards when ENSO neutral conditions seem likely then the monsoon will probably be delayed by Global Warming. After that it looks bleak.
It’s pretty clear we’re starting to see an influence now. I agree that the trend will probably be in full swing by the 2020s. Like the SW US, this represents a problem with both national and global implications. From a threats standpoint, we need to be on top of it. It’s a threat in itself and a threat multiplier as well.
Hello all. (been offline busy…). GISS reports May 2016 at .95C above 1951-1980 Base Period. Appears previous record May was 2014 at .85C. In a rush but I believe this is the eighth record warmest month in a row for GISS. All the best. Will catch up on all you all’s great work asap.
Yeah. Jan-May ’16 is in at 1.16C above GISS 1951-1980 Base Period. 2015 finished at .87. 2014 at .74C. Three record annual global surface temperature records in a row seems now a sure thing. Which is a record itself….
Cheers, Kevin. Great catch. Working on this now.
Another month of record global warmth for May 2016 at 0.95°C above the 1951-1980 base period (via @NASAGISS) pic.twitter.com/np2IzMIUn9
– Peabody Coal – Corporate Infamy Writ Large – Their denial maneuverings not a surprise.
Biggest US coal company funded dozens of groups questioning climate change
Analysis of Peabody Energy court documents show company backed trade groups, lobbyists and thinktanks dubbed ‘heart and soul of climate denial’
Peabody Energy, America’s biggest coalmining company, has funded at least two dozen groups that cast doubt on manmade climate change and oppose environment regulations, analysis by the Guardian reveals.
The funding spanned trade associations, corporate lobby groups, and industry front groups as well as conservative thinktanks and was exposed in court filings last month.
The coal company also gave to political organisations, funding twice as many Republican groups as Democratic ones.
Peabody, the world’s biggest private sector publicly traded coal company, was long known as an outlier even among fossil fuel companies for its public rejection of climate science and action. But its funding of climate denial groups was only exposed in disclosures after the coal titan was forced to seek bankruptcy protection in April, under competition from cheap natural gas.
Environmental campaigners said they had not known for certain that the company was funding an array of climate denial groups – and that the breadth of that funding took them by surprise.
The company’s filings reveal funding for a range of organisations which have fought Barack Obama’s plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions, and denied the very existence of climate change.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jun/13/peabody-energy-coal-mining-climate-change-denial-funding?utm_source=esp&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=GU+Today+USA+-+morning+briefing+2016&utm_term=177092&subid=8553955&CMP=ema_a-morning-briefing_b-morning-briefing_c-US_d-1
– The photographer’s story is also quite interesting.
Is Coal Ash Killing This Oklahoma Town?
The people of Bokoshe, Okla., breathe coal ash being dumped nearby every day. They believe it’s causing widespread health problems and a rise in cancer deaths.
The wind that blows through Bokoshe, Okla. is an ominous one. A small, low-income town near the Arkansas border, Bokoshe sits in the shadow of a coal power plant. Its toxic byproduct, coal ash, is trucked daily to a nearby dump, and when the wind blows through town, that ash rains down on its residents. They believe it is to blame for the asthma and cancer that runs rampant there.
For six years, one photographer has documented the story, and struggles, of the people of Bokoshe. By photographing the same people and places over time, Carlan Tapp illustrates the plague of sickness and death, and also the resiliency of a community that finds itself in the midst of a potential health crisis and without any lifelines.
http://insideclimatenews.org/news/10062016/coal-ash-killing-bokoshe-oklahoma-making-money-having-fun-cancer-asthma
Heat wave likely across the Southwest this weekend w/ highs approaching a few degrees of all time records in Phoenix pic.twitter.com/zNskHd6mRr
New #JHydrometeor study finds that dust deposited on #snow can account for up to about 50% of #snowmelt. https://t.co/iAiJgQQS0J
— AMS (@ametsoc) June 10, 2016
Report urges cautious water use with Oregon's quick snowmelt.https://t.co/7IC5tPeQ9d pic.twitter.com/wcTqY0FVDS
— FOX 12 Oregon KPTV (@fox12oregon) June 13, 2016
Early onset of snowmelt in MT. https://t.co/wYVWK7jsR4 pic.twitter.com/SYipQC1kKZ
— NR Fire Science (@NRfirescience) June 13, 2016
– I don’t recall seeing this posted.
June 7 Siberian Times
– siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/n0676-big-bang-formed-crater
Big bang formed crater causing ‘glow in sky’: explosion was heard 100 km away
Startling new details emerge of the most mysterious of Siberia’s newly created giant permafrost holes.
First accounts of the gaping fissure in the earth – found by reindeer herders, who were almost swallowed up by the crater – reported that it was around 4 metres in width and ‘about 100 metres’ deep.
Scattered over a radius of one kilometre were lumps of displaced soil, sand and ice which had erupted from the earth.
Now we can reveal significant new details about this remote crater on the Taimyr peninsula in Krasnoyarsk region, some 440 kilometres from dozens of other newly-formed giant holes.
Firstly, respected scientist Dr Vladimir Epifanov, the sole leading expert to so far visit the site, said: ‘There is verbal information that residents of nearby villages – at a distance of 70-100 km – heard a sound like an explosion, and one of them watched a clear glow in the sky..
Locals wrongly suspected it was another exploding space object falling from the sky, it is believed. This is the first known account of the explosive sound, and a bright light in the sky for which – as yet – there seems no explanation.
Secondly, since the crater was formed in a 2013 blowout, the crater’s size rapidly increased at least 15 times during the next year and a half, according to previously unreported scientific data.
It is expected to be even wider now but no recent scientific surveys have been made to the remote site.
Our pictures show the so-called Deryabinsky crevice in snow soon after it was formed, when the hole was some four metres in width, and the latest known pictures which illustrate how it is now a lake, some 70 metres in diameter.
Thirdly, so rapidly is the landscape around the crater changing that experts predict the walls of the crater lake will soon collapse it will merge with a nearby long-established lake.
Whatever the original cause of the explosion heard over a vast area, the collapse is seen as being due to melting permafrost, and the walls of the crater caving in.
The height of the northern wall from the water level was measured as six metres, and the water depth 12 metres. The southern wall 10 metres in height, and the depth 18 metres: but it was not possible to measure the deepest point. As previously stated, the original hole was estimated as 100 metres deep.
Russia is monitoring by satellite the sites of potential new eruptions across huge swathes of the permafrost north of Siberia, amid suspicions that climate change has stoked a new natural phenomenon.
http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/n0676-big-bang-formed-crater-causing-glow-in-sky-explosion-was-heard-100-km-away/
Might some of these contribute to a karst landscape?
– Another example of holes in the Earth — this via USA atomic testing:
The US stopped testing in 1992 – Los Alamos R&D for test detection and verification continues. #ctbt20 pic.twitter.com/VMFK9fG8ch
— Los Alamos Lab (@LosAlamosNatLab) June 13, 2016
There’s Nothing Average About This Year’s Gulf of Mexico 'Dead Zone' https://t.co/Lj7WPycY0L @UCSUSA @acousteau @Waterkeeper @Oceana
— EcoWatch (@EcoWatch) June 13, 2016
Prakash kadu
That certainly seems worrying and horrifying to us Indians.😞
My heart goes out to everyone in India. We’re doing everything we can to lessen the bite of this problem. For my own part, I think that when one nation suffers, we all suffer. And when it comes to climate change, this is especially true as there’s no safe haven in the end if the burning continues.
La Nina looks like it may bring some relief. But it will probably be like the current El Nino’s affect on the US West Coast — enough to take some of the edge off, but not enough to halt a consistent warming and drying trend.
For the sake of India and the world we need to stop carbon emissions as fast as possible. We need to peak carbon emissions as soon as possible. And we need to help India and pretty much everyone become more resilient by reducing water footprints (wind, solar, water use recycling/efficiencies), by opening up new water resources, and by working to mitigate impacts to outdoor farmland (indoor vertical agriculture tied to renewable generation).
Warmest regards to you, Prakash. Please feel free to share your thoughts and experiences here.
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Climate Change is Pushing Lake Okeechobee’s Water Levels Higher — And that’s Bad News For Algae Blooms, Flood Risk
More powerful storms. Heavier extreme rainfall events. Storms with higher potential energy. These are the result of a human-forced warming of the Earth’s atmosphere. And South Florida finds itself sandwiched between heavier evaporation flows streaming off the Gulf of Mexico, a more volatilely stormy North Atlantic, and large rivers of moisture streaming in from the Southeast Pacific.
(Atmospheric water vapor levels over South Florida during late June of 2016. South Florida sits between numerous heavily laden atmospheric moisture flows. As human forced warming increases evaporation, these moisture flows expand, resulting in heavier rainfall potentials during storms over South Florida. This climate change dynamic is increasing over-topping flood risks for Lake Okeechobee even as the added heat and rainfall run-off enhances the potential for toxic algae blooms like the one now afflicting South Florida. Image source: Earth Nullschool).
And as these moisture-enhanced storms of climate change dump heavier and heavier rains over South Florida’s Lake Okeechobee, the choice appears to be one between flood risk or toxic algae blooms.
Flood Risk Worsens With Climate Change
Lake Okeechobee sits at the heart of South Florida. Covering 730 square miles, the lake is bounded on the north, east, and west by farms. Run-off from these farms streams into the lake, feeding the growth of algae blooms. As the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean warmed due to human greenhouse gas emissions, rainfall events over South Florida have grown more intense. This trend increases run-off from pesticide, phosphorous, and nitrogen rich soils which then swell the lake with these chemicals and compounds — many of which promote the growth of cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae).
The increasingly heavy rains also force lake levels higher. During Winter of 2016, the wettest January in South Florida’s climate record pushed Lake Okeechobee’s water levels to 16.4 feet above sea level by February. November through May is South Florida’s dry season. So abnormally wet conditions during a typically dry period greatly increased flood risk for communities surrounding the lake as South Florida entered its June through October wet season.
Heavy rains have continued through recent months and, in order to mitigate the heightened flood risk, the US Army Corp of Engineers has been pumping large volumes of the run-off enhanced, nutrient-rich waters out of the lake in order to relieve pressure on the Hoover Dike. The Dike, for its part, is a 132 mile system of levees surrounding the lake and preventing its waters from flooding local communities during heavy rainfall events.
(Lake Okeechobee [upper right of frame] and the algae-laden coastal waters of South Florida as seen in this June 26 LANCE MODIS satellite shot.)
Paul Gray, a scientist with Audubon Florida and Lake Okeechobee expert recently noted:
“One big storm would be a bad situation, really bad. We are nearing the heart of the tropical season and the corps knows they are one storm away from levels they are not comfortable with.”
To reduce pressure on the Dike, the Corps likes to keep Lake Okeechobee in a range of 12.5 to 15.5 feet above sea level. This creates a buffer zone to allow for the impacts of unexpectedly strong storms — like tropical cyclones — which can alone produce enough rainfall to push lake water levels between 1-4 feet higher.
At around 18.5 to 19.5 feet above sea level, the Hoover Dike system is under high risk of a breach or of over-topping. An event which would flood thousands of homes and businesses with 1-5 feet of water and generate a serious risk of loss of life.
So this year, with the dry season acting like the rainy season and with the rainy season now underway, the US Army Corps of Engineers has been releasing much larger volumes from the Lake in what some could call a frantic effort to keep water levels there in the safe range. These efforts, as of Thursday, July 7 produced a Lake Okeechobee water level of 14.93 feet — which was at the top edge of the safe zone. But the effort came at the cost of flushing nutrient rich waters into South Florida’s rivers and estuaries.
Mitigate Flood Risk and Toxic Algae Blooms Result
During recent years, heavy use of fertilizers has loaded up farmland soils surrounding Lake Okeechobee with phosphorous and nitrogen. As human-forced climate change has produced more extreme rainfall events over lands surrounding the lake, greater runoff of these nutrient-rich soils and chemicals into the lake has resulted.
Phosphorous levels, which government regulators like to keep in the range of 40 parts per billion in lake waters, has risen to 100 to 200 parts per billion. That’s 2.5 to 5 times the safe allowable level. And as the Army Corps of Engineers ramped up lake water outflows into the St. Lucie and Caloosahatchee rivers during recent months, this influx of high nutrient lake waters helped to spur the large algae blooms now afflicting the region.
John Campbell, a spokesperson for the US Army Corps of Engineers recently noted that people often ask:
“‘Why didn’t you release more water?’ Well, this is what releasing more water looks like.”
Due to the increased water outflows from Lake Okeechobee, high nutrient levels hit river systems warmed to bacterial growth enhancing temperatures by climate change. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) populations in these river and estuary systems then exploded. Goo painted waterways green, putrescent mats of algae formed in calmer waters, and airs smelling of rotten eggs wafted up from the suffocating rivers. These explosive and toxic bacterial growths prompted a declaration of a state of emergency by Governor Rick Scott as four South Florida counties were heavily impacted by the algae blooms.
(Toxic algae blooms like this one have resulted in beach closures across South Florida. Human-caused climate change spurs an increasing incidence of such toxic algae blooms by increasing water temperatures, which enhances algae growth, and by spurring more extreme heavy rainfall events — which generates increased nutrient influx into rivers, lakes, and oceans. Image source: Surfrider.)
Directly, cyanobacteria can produce a number of toxins capable of harming animal and human organ systems. Most common toxins are neurotoxins and toxins that impact the gastrointestinal track — particularly the liver. In addition, large blooms can deprive waterways of life-giving oxygen. Such anoxic conditions spur fish kills and mass production of hydrogen-sulfide generating organisms — a powerful toxin which generates the sulfuric rotten eggs smell that many South Florida locations are now reporting.
Indirectly, the blooms are unpleasant, unsightly and result in beach closures. And since the blooms became widespread, South Florida has experienced losses to its tourist industry (see toxic algae chokes business) — one of the biggest revenue producers for the State. Yet one more example of how human-forced warming not only harms the health of the natural world, but also harms human systems that rely on such natural wealth and beauty to function.
(Large algae blooms spurred by rising water outflows from an increasingly flood-stressed Lake Okeechobee resulted in tourism industry losses during the Fourth of July weekend of 2016. However, residents are rightfully concerned over long-term health risks due to the algae blooms. Note that purple water in gaps between the algae as well as reports of ‘rotten eggs’ smell is circumstantial evidence of increasing concentrations of hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria that tends to thrive in the anoxic dead zones produced by the algae. Video Source: CBS Youtube.)
Conditions in Context
The US Army Corps of Engineers is now reducing Lake Okeechobee water outflows in an effort to limit harmful algae blooms over South Florida waterways and estuaries. Outflow levels, as of June 30 were cut by 35 percent. As a result, some of the nutrients feeding algae blooms will be removed from waterways. But it’s questionable if the large algae blooms can be entirely halted by this mitigation.
Warmer than normal temperatures and heavier than normal rains are expected over this region during the coming weeks and months and these conditions will add to bloom promotion even without a larger pulse of water coming from Lake Okeechobee. In addition, reducing water flows from the lake will again push the lake to rise. And that puts South Florida one large storm away from risking an over-topping of the Hoover Levee System.
Climate change, in this context, has therefore put South Florida in a tough bind between worsening algae blooms over its waterways or worsening flood threats from a swelling Lake Okeechobee. A more immediate problem juxtaposed to the longer term risk of sea level rise — a human-forced ocean invasion which could flood the whole of South Florida by or before the end of this Century.
Why Drain Lake O? One Storm Could Push it Over its Limits.
What is Causing the Toxic Algae Blooms in Florida’s Waterways?
Army Corps to Reduce Lake Outflows Fueling Toxic Algae Blooms
Toxic Algae Chokes Florida Tourist Industry
LANCE MODIS
CBS Youtube
Surfrider
Hat tip to DT Lange
Tagged algae blooms, Army Corps of Engineers, Canfield Ocean, climate change, Environemnt, Eutrophication, extreme weather, Florida, global warming, Heavy Rainfall, Hoover Levee, Human Hothouse, human warming, Lake Okeechobee, science, South Florida, South Florida State of Emergency, Toxic Algae Blooms, weather
https://robertscribbler.com/2016/07/11/climate-change-is-pushing-lake-okeechobee-water-levels-higher-and-thats-bad-news-for-algae-blooms-flood-risk/
Coastal Cities, Critical Infrastructure Unprepared to Face the Rising Tides of Climate Change
Another Global Warming Enhanced Heatwave is on the Way — 111 Degree (F) Temperatures Predicted For Central US
If people haven’t, it’s worth your while to check out the last link in this excellent (yet again) article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover_Dike
The Hoover Levee system was erected after two storms killed thousands of people in the ’20’s–when only a tiny fraction of the current population lived in south Florida. If that system collapses in another super storm, what would the death toll be with the current extremely high density down there now?
As far back as our records go, Alaska has never had a 3-year heatwave like this.
(Via Rick Thoman, NWS Alaska) pic.twitter.com/sw1U5eeEmg
— Eric Holthaus (@EricHolthaus) July 11, 2016
Ah, South Florida; another canary.
Dear John McK. I haven’t spotted a canary in quite some time. Could they all be extinct?
Gov. Rick Scott has or had a standing order that none in his administration could use the term “climate change”. It was a pathetic thing to watch in practice.
I wonder if that numbskull is starting to second guess that command, if indeed it is still standing.
Honestly, we could not have worse leadership.
Seconded. I don’t think you can call it leadership if you’re unable to recognize a problem like climate change. We matter more than dollars and cents. And externalizing harm is basically a plan to drive everything off a cliff. The economic theory Scott’s ideology is based on is pure nonsense.
His coffers are filled by the sugar cane industry. That is why he rescinded his predecessors efforts to buy farmland to provide more area to filter / allow the water to clean up. He is a bought man who does their bidding. Thus farm run off will not change.
I used to think of Money as the Universal Lubricant or Universal Solvent, but, in fact, it is the Universal Pollutant.
Great post, Robert. A perfect example of how climate change affects everything.
Thanks Ryan. This particular event appears to have caused a good deal of confusion. Lots of people putting the Army Corps of Engineers into a no-win situation. This is just what happens when the lake’s flood protections start to be overwhelmed and when unsustainable farming practices meet with increased run-off due to heavier downpours in a warmer world. And, yeah, it’s pretty much all connected.
We’re in the midst of serious global heat. We just set the record for warmest 12 month period nine months in a row.
“2014 and 2015 each set the record for hottest calendar year since we began measuring surface temperatures over 150 years ago, and 2016 is almost certain to break the record once again. It will be without precedent: the first time that we’ve seen three consecutive record-breaking hot years.
But it’s just happenstance that the calendar year begins in January, and so it’s also informative to compare all yearlong periods. In doing so, it becomes clear that we’re living in astonishingly hot times.
June 2015 through May 2016 was the hottest 12-month period on record. That was also true of May 2015 through April 2016, and the 12 months ending in March 2016. In fact, it’s true for every 12 months going all the way back to the period ending in September 2015, according to global surface temperature data compiled by Kevin Cowtan and Robert Way. We just set the record for hottest year in each of the past 9 months.”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/jul/11/we-just-broke-the-record-for-hottest-year-9-straight-times
A look at the 1-month change in #Arctic sea ice concentration. Particularly, the Kara/Chukchi Seas have opened… pic.twitter.com/tUgkWYYLlu
— Zack Labe (@ZLabe) July 11, 2016
Colorado fracking study finds faulty wells caused water contamination. By @neelaeast https://t.co/y5vPussJ5H pic.twitter.com/fMto3S9OSs
— InsideClimate News (@insideclimate) July 11, 2016
Live on CSPAN-2: Senators expose the fossil fuel industry's #WebOfDenial and climate deceit https://t.co/ct1hMsjHkU pic.twitter.com/pkFu0NI8Pk
— Climate Nexus (@ClimateNexus) July 11, 2016
– Koch Industries formerly Koch Nitrogen — as N plus phosphorus = algae feeding fertilizer whether in a ‘spill’ or everyday runoff.
‘Koch Brothers’ Congressman Seeks To Block Efforts to Prevent Chemical Catastrophe’
Republican congressman Mike Pompeo of Kansas, who represents Wichita, seems to be doing the bidding of the Koch Brothers once again: He has introduced legislation to prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency from issuing or enforcing a rule to improve the safety of America’s most dangerous chemical plants. Wichita is the home of Koch Industries, which has been the most aggressive opponent of efforts to make these plants safer.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/davidhalperin/koch-brothers-congressman_b_10932984.html
What's the long-term trend? Latest global mean sea level time series via https://t.co/dItUk9Cz9v (updated 6/30) pic.twitter.com/Pk1Pl8vPKh
As Wili pointed out above The Hoover Levee system, is very old, and like all infrastructure in this country, in need of much repair.
3 Troubling Lake Okeechobee Levee Facts
1. The levee is expected to fail. I know that sounds bad, and it is. FEMA is apparently planning to update flood assessments this summer and redraw flood maps for Palm Beach and Martin counties. These flood maps are expected to be drawn as if the levee around Lake Okeechobee didn’t exist. In other words, they are not counting on the levees to protect against flooding.
2. The Herbert Hoover Dike is in the highest failure category of the Army Corps risk scale. Current efforts are being directed at reducing the risk category, but as it stands (and even after millions of dollars worth of improvements) the levee protecting the area still carries the highest risk classification (DSAC 1) of any dam in the United States.
3. There is no emergency spillway, nor is one planned to be built…
http://www.hurricaneanalytics.com/2013/02/three_levee_fact/
– “the dyke is now operating as a dam.”
PDF]The Herbert Hoover Dike – Lloyd’s
“And this brings us to the key concern; the dyke is no longer being used
solely as a levee to protect the area
from flooding when storms are in the
vicinity but also to hold a permanent reserve of water. The lake is being
used as a reservoir and therefore the dyke is now operating as a dam.
Lloyd’s of London
LLOYD’S EMERGING RISKS TEAM REPORT. THE HERBERT HOOVER DIKE. A DISCUSSION OF THE VULNERABILITY OF. LAKE OKEECHOBEE TO LEVEE …
http://www.lloyds.com/~/media/lloyds/reports/360/360%20climate%20reports/lake_okeechobee_report.pdf
“the dyke is now operating as a dam.”
That is a tremendous distinction. A dyke that is intended for floods is not exposed to constant pressure and erosion.
When I think of a flood control dyke / channel I think of “Duffs Ditch” aka the Red River Floodway, not a bloody standing pool of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Floodway
We built this problem. There was a time when overflow from Lake O simply seeped south across the Everglades. This mostly seasonal flow of water floated on top of the salt water below and maintained a fresh, high quality, aquifer that supplied population centers in South Florida.
The other side of the discharge to the sea is that there is less fresh water for the Everglades ecosystem, AND less water AND lower quality water for South Florida population centers.
Catherine McKenna, the Minister of Environment and Climate Change in the Canadian federal government, is holding a series of town halls across the country this summer to “engage citizens, including indigenous peoples, in a discussion on clean growth and climate change. The purpose….is to raise awareness of climate change issues and get communities across the country involved in finding viable solutions. Feedback….will contribute to Canada’s approach on climate change.”
A recent town hall in Ottawa met with some opposition from Tom Harris of the Ottawa-based International Climate Science Coalition which does not believe that climate change is human-caused. Harris’ group accuses the govt of turning the town hall process into “pep rallies” and of “loading up the events with propaganda.” Harris wrote up his complaint for The Toronto Sun.
http://www.torontosun.com/2016/07/10/town-halls-on-climate-change-are-a-setup
Here is the Canadian govt’s portal on climate change. There is quite a bit of info here, for a range of audiences, including the presentation that Tom Harris found so one-sided and hence objectionable.
http://www.ec.gc.ca/cc/Default.asp?lang=En&n=9853BFC5-1
Federal environment minister to hold public town hall in Yellowknife park Monday
In Jean Marie River, N.W.T., community members are worried about their country food. Scientists and hunters say diet is threatened by thawing permafrost, which is gradually turning lichen-rich forested and shrubbed areas — where caribou come to feed — into wetlands, even lakes and ponds.
And last year, scientist warned of a potential flash flood due to thawing permafrost.
Steve Kokejl, a permafrost scientist with the N.W.T. government, warned of a potentially “catastrophic lake drainage” at a remote lake just south of the treeline, about 20 kilometres away from Fort McPherson, where thawing permafrost was encroaching on the banks of a small lake.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/catherine-mckenna-in-yellowknife-1.3672838
The Trudeau regime is ideologically identical to the Harper infestation, but with a smiling front-man, rather like the Obama long con. Don’t expect anything useful from laffing boy, Justin.
Right again, MM. As many of us knew from before the start, JT is but a poser, and a pawn of the powers that drive energy and economic policy in Canada. His sole purpose is to look cute and talk nice, and thus to take our minds off the continuing corporate takeover of this country.
New post from Dr. Rood on SLR –
When Chicago is Capital
One of my favorite questions to ask students on exams is about the Great Lakes region as a climate winner. Something like, you are a mayor in a midsize city on Lake Michigan. Over the last three decades your town has established itself as the poster child of the Rust Belt. After watching a scientist talk about climate change, you decide your city should be a climate winner. You have water, lots of water. And, well, you have never heard anyone complain about how hot it is in the winter or, really, the summer. How can you use climate change to rebuild your city?
As my reader will know, I have become a bit focused on our commitment to several feet of sea-level rise. Flying into Chicago earlier this year, seeing the city on the clear, ice-free lake, well, it will not be too long until we are talking about moving the U.S. capital. Or will we build the Potomac barrier? The Patuxent Barrier? The Patapsco Barrier? The Piscataway Barrier? The Pohick Barrier? What about the Point No Point Barrier?
Nice, but there aren’t going to be any winners, unfortunately.
Dear Colorado. I’ve no idea which Prophet wins. JH Kunstler or Cormac McCarthy. Or SO many others. Today reminds me of Gore Vidal’s quip: The four most beautiful words in the English language are “I told you so.”
Climate change: Advisers warn of climate change domino effect
Climate change could have a domino effect on key infrastructure in the UK, government advisers have warned.
In a 2,000-page report, the Climate Change Committee says flooding will destroy bridges – wrecking electricity, gas and IT connections carried on them.
The committee also warns that poor farming means the most fertile soils will be badly degraded by mid-century.
And it says heat-related deaths among the elderly will triple by the 2050s as summer temperatures spiral.
The projections are based on the supposition that governments keep promises made at the Paris climate conference to cut emissions – a pledge that is in doubt.
The committee says if emissions are allowed to spiral, London summer temperatures could hit 48C (118F) in an extreme scenario, although the advisers say they don’t expect that to happen.
Scheduling tweet on this, thanks.
Lake Okeechobee – July 6:
Bloom in Lake Okeechobee https://t.co/e9oIOxcqec #NASA pic.twitter.com/tLSPUFbCss
— NASA Earth (@NASAEarth) July 6, 2016
Natural versus man-made water flow from Lake Okeechobee. #algaebloom via @WeatherProf pic.twitter.com/nKEvbHKsH2
— John Morales (@JohnMoralesNBC6) July 7, 2016
On the left A Sea of Grass. On the right A Latrine.
Not your everyday satellite image: band of cloud (moisture) streaks 10,000 km from Sri Lanka to NZ –> #bigwet. pic.twitter.com/ZWOJuWBdrz
— Niwa Weather (@NiwaWeather) July 12, 2016
– Dahr Jamail’s latest:
Biblical Flooding, Crocodiles in the Arctic and Warning Signs on North America’s Highest Mountain
I recently visited Denali, the highest mountain peak in North America and my favorite place on the planet, for the first time in 13 years. Prior to working full time as a war reporter, I lived in Alaska for nearly a decade, where my life revolved around spending my summers mountaineering in the Alaska Range.
There have been mosquitos at basecamp at 7,200 feet on the Kahiltna Glacier for the last two years — something that had never happened before. We had instructions to wear helmets at two areas of the route where falling rocks have now become common. One of those sections is located between 17,200 and 18,200 feet, which means rocks and boulders that have been frozen solid in ice for thousands of years are now melting out and falling onto the climbing route not far from the summit of North America’s highest mountain. The lower glacier has melted down more than 50 feet in just a decade in some areas…
Another long-time Denali mountaineering ranger told me of a phenomenon on Mt. Crosson, a mountain nearby Denali, where rock and soil that are becoming increasingly exposed by melting glacier are blowing onto the ice — which is accelerating the melting, as the rock and soil warm and melt more ice.
http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36667-biblical-flooding-crocodiles-in-the-arctic-and-warning-signs-on-north-americas-highest-mountain
– I found the following comment to Dahr’s piece interesting — as the early 1970s was when I personally felt the climate change around me but had no vocabulary to quantify it.
– drift2boat • 5 hours ago
To me, an over riding issue is crop failure, either by outright non production or non-edibility due to toxicity. Dahr at least mentioned those concepts. In the fall 2014 issue of California Monthly, Stacy Finz reported that deciduous tree crop yields and quality of yield have been decreasing since the 1970s in yield and quality of yield per tree; and that the some crops in parts of California have experienced total failure due to too warm winters for vital winter processes to occur. An example given was the failure of the cherry crop in parts of California due to too warm a winter. Cherries are a non-vital crop to the welfare of society but not so for wheat. The link Dahr gives lists wheat as a vital crop that in parts of the world has been un-edible due to aflatoxins. Collapse of civilization due to crop failure is not going to be sudden. Crop failures have always been with us but are increasing so that they affect larger and larger areas, making it harder to move vital foods around to meet the needs of people in areas where crops have failed. When are failures of essential crops going to become large enough to get the attention of Americans?
dt, to answer your question:
When food shortages start hitting our dinner tables and our favourite eateries.
When foods we North Americans take for granted start to disappear.
When the range and variety of foods we see in supermarkets dwindle.
When meat prices start rocketing out of reach.
When unreliability of supply becomes the norm.
When fish starts disappearing.
When food becomes dangerous—toxic, contaminated, etc.
When hunger becomes a reality for people in your neighbourhood.
That’s when, and only when, the majority of people on this continent are going to look around and wonder what’s up.
Good points, Cate. But of course, hunger is already a reality for many people in many neighborhoods throughout the US. I volunteer at a soup kitchen (though we prefer the term ‘community meal’ and it is busy every day, and getting busier.
wili, yes of course. To our shame both in the US and Canada, hunger is a reality for many in North America. But to too many people, it is still invisible, confined to certain areas—inner cities and so on. When it becomes visible everywhere, that’s when people *may* wake up to the reality of climate change.
wili, I would add as well that community food banks, for example, have been well-established in my own area for decades, but have been used mostly low income earners. However, as the oil bust bites hard, we are now seeing more middle-income users. The fact remains that no food bank use so far has had to figure in the effects of crop failures and consequent shortages and disappearances of foods that climate extremes will bring.
We need to electrify everything that currently runs on FF or we are doomed for sure. Airplanes are critical for this as RS recently scribbled. An update, thanks to Peter Sinclair and a recent interview with Fully Charged about the subject. In addition to the obvious with regards to pollution, and noise, some advantages to an electric aircraft include that they aren’t prone to cold shock which can crack ICE engines when changing altitude, they don’t require oxygen so you can go to higher altitudes, they get more power per kilogram and don’t need to adjust mixture controls when changing altitude. The technology is evolving rapidly in the small plane category.
https://climatecrocks.com/2016/07/10/the-weekend-wonk-electric-aircraft-take-flight/#more-36690
The vast majority of air travel is non-critical, unnecessary, and even what can only be called frivolous. Most meeting can easily happen on skipe these days. There is no pressing need for people to travel hundreds to thousands of miles so they can bore friends and relatives with facebook selfies of themselves in front of some monument. Photoshop it for X’s sake! ‘-)
Really, a lot of what we have to ‘do’ is to STOP doing idiotic pointless things that gobble up vast quantities of stuff fossil-death-fuels that we really shouldn’t be using any of for pretty much any reason.
But yes, for the few really critical purposes for air travel, these are a good idea.
Ken Provost
I’ve always thought lighter-than-air would be the way to go for future energy savings. Probably hot air, tho I saw recently that a large reservoir of helium has been found in Africa.
Plenty of lift for batteries, and all they have to do is run a few smaller props. You might even cover the topside with PV to keep the batteries charged.
Kind of like taking a train, speedwise, but they would be the “exotic” way to travel 🙂
wili, absolutely agreed that most air travel is now non-essential and yes, frivolous—the hallmark of a lifestyle of over-consumption and self-indulgence. It’s not just about going from FF to electric air, it’s also about the expectations we have around travelling, and what will be the effects of more and more people demanding the “right”—-which is really a privilege—-to travel when, where, and how they like all over the planet.
Pressured by environmentalists and worried about big losses from a troubled industry, many large banks and other lenders have made a hasty retreat from coal mining in recent years.
But even in these ‘dark times’, there was one bank that many coal miners could still count on for financing and advice: Deutsche Bank.
Not any longer.
The German banking giant is pulling back from the embattled coal sector, another sign of the increasing risks for banks that finance industries that contribute to climate change.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/08/business/dealbook/deutsche-bank-pulls-back-from-deals-in-coal-mining-sector.html
Deutsche Bank is also, co-incidentally or not, bust.
4.13 ppm this is getting alarming!
Daily CO2
July10, 2016: 405.59 ppm
July 10, 2015: 401.46 ppm
Well,Shawn. I would certainly love to believe this as an El Nino hangover. 41.3ppm/decade, anyone?
Kevin, and more, if that annual rate of rise in ppm is increasing. This is unthinkable.
To add to DT’s comment up thread about the web of denial being exposed in the senate.
“The web is so big, because it has so much to protect,” said the Rhode Island Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, who bookended the first evening of speeches.
The senate heard how fossil fuel companies such as ExxonMobil, Peabody Energy and the billionaire oil brothers Charles and David Koch had funnelled millions into groups that had spread doubt about the causes of climate change.
In a resolution also being tabled, the upper house will be asked to acknowledge that the fossil fuel industry had done just what the tobacco industry had done – “developed a sophisticated and deceitful campaign that funded think tanks and front groups, and paid public relations firms to deny, counter, and obfuscate peer-reviewed research” and “used that misinformation campaign to mislead the public and cast doubt in order to protect their financial interest.”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2016/jul/12/us-senators-detail-a-climate-science-web-of-denial-but-the-impacts-go-well-beyond-their-borders
– The denier/liars have been at it a long time too.
That’s why denialism exists, will NEVER go away and, if anything, is increasing in Anglosphere dystopias. The value of fossil fuel ‘assets’ on the books of mega-corporations, including the banks, insurance and other financial corporations is in the tens of trillions. That ‘asset wealth’ under-pins the entire omnicidal edifice of end-stage Free Market fundamentalist capitalism. Reduce the value of that to zero, as we need to do by NOT extracting and combusting it, and capitalism collapses. The Bosses will GLADLY kill off 99% of humanity to protect their wealth and power, and take their chances on surviving the ecological collapse.
It’s sad to admit, but you’re right, Mulga. The value of known fossil fuel reserves is so high that we will always see a well funded and pervasive attempt to dismiss climate change and also insist we need fossil fuels in order to support our economy and provide prosperity, or some other BS like that.
Ryan and MM, sadly agreed as well, esp the comment about the Bosses taking their chances on survival: lcorporatists are essentially psychopaths and so consider themselves invincible in the first place, and in the second place, they believe that money will fulfill all their wildest dreams—this is why we see them experimenting with space travel, which has nothing to do with “tourism” and everything to do with their last-ditch escape plan in the event of planetary catastrophe.
Oh, the Bosses even have a plan:
From The Coming Arctic Boom, by Scott Borgerson – former David Rockefeller Visiting Fellow at the (Rockefeller supported) Council on Foreign Relations:
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/global-commons/2013-06-11/coming-arctic-boom
(registration required)
“And it’s not all bad. In the Arctic, it is turning what has traditionally been an impassible body of water ringed by remote wilderness into something dramatically different: an emerging epicenter of industry and trade akin to the Mediterranean Sea. The region’s melting ice and thawing frontier are yielding access to troves of natural resources, including nearly a quarter of the world’s estimated undiscovered oil and gas and massive deposits of valuable minerals. Since summertime Arctic sea routes save thousands of miles during a journey between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, the Arctic also stands to become a central passageway for global maritime transportation, just as it already is for aviation.”
The plan is to retreat to the Arctic, while the rest of humanity dies off, and cruise around the area “akin to the Mediterranean Sea” , I think. The oil tankers will be converted to water tankers, and deliver water to the thirsty hordes in Southeast Asia and Africa – it says so in Foreign Affairs, so it must be true.
That their “Mediterranean Sea” could become a hydrogen sulfide producing cesspool covered with purple bacteria with methane geysers shooting up out of it from dissociating methane hydrates doesn’t seem to have occurred to them. Or, maybe they have that figured out, too – will the polar oceans be the last to become anoxic?
Here’s a link to the full text of the Borgerson artice “The Coming Arctic Boom”, without going through the registration process at Foreign Affairs:
http://www.martinbreum.dk/artikler/The%20Coming%20Arctic%20Boom.pdf
I think myself that this article is as close to a view into the minds of the Rockefeller clique as we’re going to get. It comes from Scott Borgerson, a visiting fellow at the CFR think tank – and David Rockefeller gifted the CFR with at least 25 million dollars during it’s recent fund raising drive. David Rockefeller is a former chairman of the CFR, and remains its Chariman Emeritus. Borgerson testified before Congress, was interviewed by fellow CFR member Dan Rather on CBS, published a series of op ed articles in major newspapers, and participated in round table discussions about the Arctic with Senator John Kerry, who subsequently started echoing many of Borgerson’s talking points.
Americans might not read Foreign Affairs, but foreign governments certainly do. So, is this a real plan to profit from the destruction of most of the earth’s biosphere? I think we have to assume it is.
The article really does propose disaster capitalist exploitation of the melting Arctic, including shipping Arctic water in converted oil tankers to Southeast Asia and Africa:
“The coming Arctic boom will involve more than just mining and drilling. The region’s Boreal forests of spruces, pines, and firs account for eight percent of the earth’s total wood reserves, and its waters already produce ten percent of the world’s total fishing catch. Converted tankers may someday ship clean water from Alaskan glaciers to southern Asia and Africa.
The Arctic’s unique geography is an asset unto itself. Viewed from the top of the globe, the region sits at the crossroads of the world’s most productive economies…”
This ExxonMobil / Rockefeller clique seems to deal in selective propaganda aimed at different groups.
For the ignorant, there is simple denial, produced by the ExxonMobil web of deceit.
For the greedy, here we have the promise of Arctic riches, produced by the Rockefeller supported Council on Foreign Relations.
Those are some downright disturbing views, Leland. And a great example of how the elite view this world. The majestic and awe-inspiring forests of the North are simply “wood reserves”, as if it’s dead already and worthless until chopped up and sold in the global market. When will we realize that these people are stealing our future and literally killing the biosphere? When future generations have nothing left, struggle for basic survival and tell stories about what the Earth used to be like…thick forests full of magical animals that took tens of millions of years to evolve, oceans full of life and vibrant with color and splendor, stable weather that was predictable and reliable for growing crops, and Winter, oh how Winter used to be so wonderful.
Hi Ryan-
The investigative reporter Greg Palast believes that our elites generally have a published plan for the actions they support. Publishing it, generally in a limited access forum, provides deniability if someone starts to publicize and react negatively to the contents of the plan. The claim can then be made that the plan is just the author’s opinion, and nothing more. So publishing the plan is a way of hiding it in plain sight.
Greg Palast claimed that our invasion of Iraq to depose Saddam Hussein actually had two plans, kept secret in that case. One was an Israeli associated Neoconservative plan promoted by people like Richard Perle and Paul Wolfowitz,. Another was a plan written by Jim Baker’s think tank in Texas, supported by the oil industry, and the Baker plan ultimately won and was adopted:
I think that this series of articles by Scott Borgerson of the Council on Foreign Relations think tank is the actual Rockefeller / ExxonMobil clique plan for the greening and exploitation of the Arctic.
Only they forgot to include the methane hydrates and a methane catastrophe in the plan.
I agree with you that the conceptual and semantic frames of the Borgerson articles are the most disturbing aspects of them. Of course resources are meant to be exploited, the articles assume. Of course the Arctic will simply heat up, and become a new Mediterranean sea – complex ecological effects like ocean acidification, eutrophication, and anoxia are simply left out. Of course the rest of humanity should be left to suffer and die, while a small group of people profit from the economic exploitation of the Arctic. Of course the genesis of the warming is unimportant – who cares that the Rockefeller / ExxonMobil clique profited from creating the global warming in the first place? Of course the Arctic profits are the most important aspect of this problem – with no mention of the gigantic costs to the conventional economy of global warming itself and adaptation to it. Of course the warming will not get out of hand and a low level runaway greenhouse effect and methane catastrophe will not ensue – this clique employs experts to tell them what they want to hear, and then this clique believes what the experts say.
The conceptual and semantic frames of the article, and of the entire output of the Council on Foreign Relations, are really deeply disturbing and repugnant to many of us.
Crushed another record yesterday , old record was 104F. New record is 15F degrees above average, overnight lows running 12F degrees above average.
LUBBOCK, TX (KCBD) –
After a record day of 108 degrees more heat headed for the South Plains. I expect highs to stay at or above 100 degrees through Friday of this week.
Here’s the numbers for the week, Tuesday 105, Wednesday 104, Thursday 101 and 100 degrees to end the week of summer heat.
http://www.kcbd.com/story/32421027/first-alert-weather-day-dangerous-record-heat-expected-tuesday
The methane hot spot map DTL posted up thread in Colorado ;
This thing is right in the middle of that area –
40 years of NOAA emissions research at Erie tower coming to an end
The blinking lights on a 300-meter tower where scientists have measured emissions from oil, gas and agricultural operations in Erie for nearly four decades are going dark by the end of the month as researchers are reluctantly decommissioning the facility.
Robert Webb, director of the Physical Science Division at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, notified scientists of the looming loss in a letter dated June 14.
The tower in question, known as the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory, is actually situated just northeast of Erie High School, north of Erie Parkway and between Weld County Roads 5 and 7. The 100-acre parcel of land on which it’s located is owned by the Colorado State Land Board, and has been leased to NOAA for many years.
http://www.dailycamera.com/science_environment/ci_30098438/40-years-noaa-emissions-research-at-erie-tower
– Yes, the Daily Camera. Many visits there years ago as I had relatives working there. Was a Knight-Ridder (honest media) paper.
‘Development’ is part of the reason for the tower’s demise:
“Negotiations to extend that lease have been ongoing for the past couple of years, but Webb’s letter states, “In the midst of these negotiations, the State of Colorado notified NOAA of their plans to reclaim the property for other purposes and/or begin commercial development.”
– Speaking of falling towers:
Why #Taitung City's peak gust only 111 kt. Tower fell 4:30 am, b4 worst winds. (Pic sent by fan.) #Typhoon #NEPARTAK pic.twitter.com/o6CPnDztSC
— Josh Morgerman (@iCyclone) July 11, 2016
‘Development’ is how the cancer cell describes its life’s work.
Sugar’s decades-long hold over Everglades came with a price
The industry spent more than $57 million over 22 years to influence Florida campaigns
Records show Big Sugar was consistently one of the largest contributors to both Republicans, Democrats
Industry’s clout helped it to transfer clean-up costs and postpone deadlines
Read more here: http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article88992067.html#storylink=cpy
– Historical note: It was brutal slavery that begat this sugar industry.
http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2016/0712/How-climate-change-is-altering-Earth-s-cloud-cover
How climate change is altering Earth’s cloud cover
Shifting cloud patterns bear the hallmarks of a warming world, and will likely contribute to global warming going forward.
An analysis of satellite data between 1983 and 2009 reveals that cloud tops are reaching higher into the atmosphere and that cloudy storm tracks are shifting toward Earth’s poles, confirming the predictions of climate change models. Both these trends suggest that clouds will be exacerbating – rather than mitigating – climate change.
” An analysis of satellite data between 1983 and 2009 reveals that cloud tops are reaching higher into the atmosphere and that cloudy storm tracks are shifting toward Earth’s poles, “
Two things that these findings explain,
#1 More, and larger hail storms.
#2 More flooding in Canada , Russia, & Northern Europe
Bob, Also greater incidence of lightning due to greater charge separation as the cloud height increases.
Also, greater incidence of lightning arising from increased charge separation with increased height of clouds….
…leading to more fires.
3 More flooding in Tasmania
Thanks, Abel A. This reminds me of Lovelock’s thought that the best thermometer on Earth is sea level. Stephen Schneider added, also the height of the tropopause.
In early May 2016, an algae bloom grew to cover 85 square kilometers (33 square miles) of Florida’s Lake Okeechobee. The conditions that gave rise to the bloom have persisted into July, and have been blamed for affecting water quality downstream all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.
The blue-green algae bloom is visible in this image of Lake Okeechobee, acquired on July 2, 2016, by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the Landsat 8 satellite. The natural-color image combines red light, green light, and coastal aerosol (blue) light (bands 4, 3 and 1).
Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are single-celled organisms that rely on photosynthesis to turn sunlight into food. The bacteria grow swiftly when nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen are abundant in still water. The bloom pictured here may contain blue-green algae, as well as other types of phytoplankton; only a surface sample can confirm the exact composition of a bloom.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=88311&eocn=image&eoci=moreiotd
Fires in central Russia
Aqua/MODIS
Hayden Pass Fire, Colorado
Over 40 years ago, I used to live just Northwest of this fire in Salida, Colorado. There are seven, 14,000 ft. mountains around the town . Besides the fire’s smoke plume, one other thing jumps out , there is zero snow pack on any of the mountains in this shot.
The fire is burning at the Northern end of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, one can see the Great Sand Dunes to the South, and Mount Blanca below it. Another huge 14,000 footer. To see zero snow on any of these peaks at this time of year is very troubling, very troubling.
– Nice description of the area, Bob.
– ‘ Zero snow pack’ — how true.
– Further up the front range are two more fires:
Greg Dutra Verified account @DutraWeather Jul 11
Wildfires in CO are big enough to see smoke on satellite. #ColdSpringsFire #HaydenPathFire #BeaverCreekFire #cowx
A BAE-146 at Jeffco Airtanker Base on #RockyMtnMetroAirport. #Coldspringsfire #haydenpassfire #beavercreekfire #fire pic.twitter.com/2paKj4ipAB
— Rick Tillery (@ricktillery) July 11, 2016
Crazy, just crazy –
Fires in Central Africa
SNPP/VIIRS
Icebergs B15K and A66 in the South Atlantic Ocean
B15 was calved over 16 years ago.
Offshore wind rapidly getting more and more affordable and available in Europe: “The Dutch system in which companies have to compete with each other while the government regulates all conditions for building the wind farm has proved to be very successful. This reduction of cost represents a major breakthrough in the transition to more sustainable energy.” Dong’s winning bid works out to 7.27 euro cents per kilowatt-hour (around 8 cents U.S.). That’s 5.1 euro cents less than the previous estimate, according to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The difference adds up to a savings of 2.3 billion euros for the life of the 15-year subsidy framework (around US$2.5 billion). The Netherlands is calling this the world’s cheapest offshore wind farm because the next-lowest cost for constructing and operating a wind farm is 10.3 euro cents per kWh. (That wind farm is located in Denmark.)
http://www.triplepundit.com/2016/07/cheapest-offshore-wind-farm-in-the-world-thanks-to-shell/#
Greg, Good catch there. This is great news not only in showing that offshore wind can now compete on purely economic terms with fossil fuels, but also because Shell are now moving seriously into renewables. A long time ago (15 years?) oil companies seemed to moving in this direction (BP even flirting with renaming itself “Beyond Petroleum”), but then got cold feet for some reason. Let’s hope they’ve finally realised it’s the only viable way forward.
and a smaller sideline to this story Bill:
Distributed Wind Has Floundered for Years. Now Oil Companies Are Investing in It
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/oil-companies-are-investing-in-distributed-wind
The giant algae bloom North of Finland –
Fires burning on the Arctic plain in Russia , right next to the ocean . Notice the smoke is blowing toward the algae bloom. Fertilizer. –
Fantastic shots.
Correct me if I’m mistaken, but it looks like ClimateReanalyzer has increased the temperature anomaly bar. (allowing for +20C, +36F……;!)
Dr. Jeff Masters blog:
“The U.S. is off to a record hot start”…
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/the-us-summer-is-off-to-a-recordhot-start
Last month was the warmest June in 122 years of U.S. recordkeeping, beating out June 1933, according to the monthly climate roundup released on Wednesday by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Each of the 48 contiguous states came in above its average temperature for June, with Arizona and Utah setting all-time June records for heat. Thirteen other states had a top-ten-warmest June, stretching across the nation from California to Florida.
“Climate Change is already changing global cloud patterns…Boosting Warming”
http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2016/07/12/study_cloud_patterns_are_shifting_because_of_climate_change.html
Quote from article:
It’s never a good idea to put too much emphasis on the results of a single scientific study, but this is a biggie. It’s further evidence that significant climate change has already begun. It also bolsters growing evidence that future climate change could portend greater warming than previously thought.
For a long time, exactly what’s happening to clouds has remained a giant, but critical, question. The National Science Foundation, the nation’s largest source of scientific funding, has called the cloud problem “the wild card of climate change.”
(I find this study quite disturbing)
“(I find this study quite disturbing)” As you should. It is one more of a large number of mostly exacerbating (“positive”) feedbacks, of which I have a list that takes up 250 pages. This could be a relatively big one, though.
Another thing about this one, it backs up the model’s predictions, to a large degree.
Adding to a comment I made on this in the previous thread—-
It is good to see this spelled out, to help make sense of what I am seeing. As a painter, I watch the sky a lot. Skies have definitely changed out here in Newfoundland. In the summer now, skies alternate between clear blue and thick turbulent overcasts. Our weather has become less changeable, in many ways—-we get long stretches of this cloudless blue, then a stationary low pressure system parks over us, bringing howling winds and deluges of rain.
The sky on clear days can become smeared-looking, almost milky-metallic, with what looks like high diffuse cirrus. The summer afternoon clouds of my childhood—blue skies full of those little puffy fair-weather cumulus clouds, are a rarity now. A side-effect of all this cloudless blue weather is relentless, blistering, unshaded heat: whenever the sun shines—even as early as May—the mercury shoots up to 28C as a matter of course.
– Cate: “The sky on clear days can become smeared-looking, almost milky-metallic, with what looks like high diffuse cirrus. The summer afternoon clouds of my childhood—blue skies full of those little puffy fair-weather cumulus clouds, are a rarity now.”
It makes a good letter to the editor/decision-maker.
One denialist lie was that clouds would prove a negative feed-back, and I don’t expect this study, or any others, to stop them using it. Their followers are nothing if not ignorant, paranoid, morons.
DaveW
@Cate
Same thing here in Eastern Townships of Quebec – rarely see that clear “sky-blue” sky. Usually “milky” looking.
The ‘milky look’ as I understand it is the result of the 7% or so increase in atmospheric water vapor that is a direct result of (and also a major fast feedback to) Global Warming.
In Warming Oceans, Stronger Currents Releasing Heat in Bigger Storms, Study Says
The western boundary currents, which run along the eastern coasts of South Africa, Asia, Australasia, and South America, carry massive amounts of heat from the tropics northward…They have been getting stronger and warmer since CO2 in the atmosphere has been increasing.
The currents are releasing 20 percent more heat than 50 years ago. Japan, China and Korea will warm faster and can expect more storminess, researchers say.
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12072016/ocean-currents-intensifying-bringing-stronger-storms-research-shows
– Good spot.
– Good description of the process:
“…storms like Nepartak, which took aim at Taiwan and the Chinese mainland last week … Nepartak strengthened as it passed over the Kuriosho Current late last week, generating sustained winds of 160 miles per hour.”
‘Intensification and poleward shift of subtropical western boundary currents in a warming climate’
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304498202_Intensification_and_poleward_shift_of_subtropical_western_boundary_currents_in_a_warming_climate
Good article, though talk of a “northward” movement of heat is incorrect. They should have written “poleward” instead, since they are referring to both hemispheres.
– Florida may get some more moisture too,
This graphic shows Days 1-7 QPF–going to be a very wet pattern esp in the central Plains and middle MS Valley pic.twitter.com/YNUScEr4uF
— NWS WPC (@NWSWPC) July 12, 2016
From fact-free la-la land…
Republican platform declares coal is clean
After a unanimous vote on Monday, the RNC’s draft platform officially declares coal “an abundant, clean, affordable, reliable domestic energy resource.”
http://grist.org/election-2016/republican-platform-declares-coal-is-clean/
Someone should back a dump truck load of coal fly ash up to the RNC headquarters, and hit the dump lever. And when they get arrested for spreading hazardous waste , they can site the RCN platform in their defense.
The March of the Morons.
Save us from such idiots!
NASA Catches Moon 'Photobombing' Earth for Second Time in One Year https://t.co/f2Ltvlh4Sf @NOAA @NASA @NOAASatellites
— EcoWatch (@EcoWatch) July 12, 2016
Two papers , one on clouds and one on currents both saying that respective subjects are moving to the poles. Pretty amazing .
Each one carrying more energy than in the recent past .
– Isn’t that so. Well said — plainly stated. You can’t beat it. 🙂
– There’s probably a fair amount of atmospheric and wind ‘confusion’ at the equator as well.
– The atmosphere now has to accommodate a lot of moisture (solid) vs air (gas).
“respective subjects are moving to the poles.” amen. We might have to join ’em or begin living below ground.
Robert..and to all here….I as a 50 year resident of S. Florida and want to thank you for writing this blog to shed light on a problem those of us here have had to deal with for decades. I must say as much as I appreciate it…it is also difficult and frustrating because so little has been done…due to many factors…the biggest being “Big Sugar” and the politicians owned by them.
From our local news station today:
http://www.wptv.com/news/state/report-political-donations-show-sugars-clout-in-florida
There are days…when it is hard to get out of bed….knowing nothing is going to get done in our state because of the Climate Change “denial-ism” that is rampant (starting at the top) among our state legislature. But we keep on trying…..
Just two weeks ago hundreds showed up on the beach and made a “human sign”…in 90 degree plus heat that spelled out… BUY THE LAND……..
..as an attempt to force our politicians…to finally take the actions necessary to “start” the process of healing our polluted waters. I just hope and pray that “this time” ….things might change.
Global warming to bring heavier rains to Switzerland
Researchers from Italy and Switzerland have developed a new climate change model that predicts up to 30% more precipitation during peak summer storms nationwide.
The model, developed by an international research team that includes Christoph Schär of the Swiss federal technology institute ETH Zurich, can simulate precipitation events at a resolution of two kilometres (1.2 miles), which is more precise than previous global models.
It shows that by the end of the century, rainfall during peak events of summer precipitation would increase by up to 30% – which translates to an increase of about 6% per degree of warming.
” by up to 30% – which translates to an increase of about 6% per degree of warming”
That’s like 5°C above the average by 2100
Cate –
The sky on clear days can become smeared-looking, almost milky-metallic,
You’re right under the jet traffic to Europe .
CB, yeah, don’t I know it! This is where all the planes inbound from Europe were grounded for days after 9/11. But air traffic has increased exponentially over the past ten years in particular—as a friend who works in air traffic control at Gander says, “The whole world is on the move.” FlightRadar24 shows how much. 🙂
Burn baby burn.
May be for Cate – but as noted above in comment – we don’t see those clear blue skies anymore in Eastern Townships of Quebec – and we are not a major flight path area. Have been 65 years in the same area, much time out of doors and observing – and changes are evident. Getting in a good crop of hay has become much more uncertain than just 20 years ago.
How did it come to this????
Start here :
AFRICANS ARRIVE IN VIRGINIA, 1619. One stormy day in August of 1619 a Dutch manof-war with about 20 Africans on board entered port at the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia. Little is known of these newly arrived people: the first Africans to set foot on the North American continent.
Then read about the murder of Emmit Till in 1955 , after they beat him to death they wired a gin fan around his neck and dumped his body in the river, his crime ? Smiling at white woman. After thousands of murders, Lynchings, and fire bombings this 14 year old boy;s death changed America. The modern world we find ourselves in today begins with Emmit Till.
Africa slaves were sold naked.
I think that there is some evidence of commerce in pre-Columbian times, between West Africa and the Americas.
– I don’t remember a link to this June 26 piece. Very interesting number crunching/gaming here.
FEMA Contractor Predicts ‘Social Unrest’ Caused by 395% Food Price Spikes
The US national security industry is planning for the impact of an unprecedented global food crisis lasting as long as a decade, according to reports by a government contractor.
The studies published by CNA Corporation in December 2015, unreported until now, describe a detailed simulation of a protracted global food crisis from 2020 to 2030.
The simulation, titled ‘Food Chain Reaction’, was a desktop gaming exercise involving the participation of 65 officials from the US, Europe, Africa, India, Brazil, and key multilateral and intergovernmental institutions.
The scenario for the ‘Food Chain Reaction’ simulation was created by experts brought in from the State Department, the World Bank, and agribusiness giant Cargill, along with independent specialists. CNA Corp’s Institute for Public Research, which ran the simulation, primarily provides scientific research services for the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/fema-contractor-predicts-social-unrest-caused-by-395-food-price-spikes
– Agribusiness giant Cargill is a huge entity.
‘By 2024, the scenario saw global food prices spike by as much as 395 percent due to prolonged crop failures in key food basket regions, driven largely by climate change, oil price spikes, and confused responses from the international community.
“Disruptions affected developed and developing countries alike, creating political and economic instability, and contributing to social unrest in certain areas,” the project’s technical report states.’
For some time now, have been concerned that food prices (due to shortages – due to drought / flood primarily) would be the first real hit to the “developed” world. Sea level rise is a big thing -serious and inexorable, but – slower to develop. Food shortages will hit us first – every one needs a “Victory garden” WWII style –
Dave W, agreed, except that it’s not easy to grow veggies when the weather is so strange and extreme. In Newfoundland everything is late this year, despite days of 30C weather in May—we’ve also had so much cool, wet, windy weather. We had frost warnings two nights in a row last week, which is almost unheard of for my area in July. And as the climate worsens, growing backyard food will become even more challenging.
We need to resist the temptation to appropriate every last drop from our rivers: https://t.co/5VMrdZqaKz @jen_pelz pic.twitter.com/xKyfM9Z8lN
— WildEarth Guardians (@wildearthguard) July 12, 2016
The number of top 20 international shipping companies by country https://t.co/iG97bQtaIX pic.twitter.com/SnS5oIIIEw
— Brilliant Maps (@BrilliantMaps) July 12, 2016
Kinda weird that there are none in NA, nor in Netherlands (home of Rotterdam, biggest port in the EU) nor in England. And what’s up with tiny Guiana??! (Or is that Surinam?)
It´s French Guiana… considered a part of France, like Alaska and Hawaií are a part of the USA. Since France is also purple, probably one of the 20 biggest shipping companies is French, and so the purple dot in South America.
– USA – West Coast — Wildfire SE of Sacramento, CA.
#PachecoFire [update] off Lanford Pacheco Rd, south of Valley Springs (Calaveras County) is now 120 acres. pic.twitter.com/oPAJZXSdgs
— CAL FIRE (@CAL_FIRE) July 12, 2016
Jonathan Erdman @wxjerdman 4h4 hours ago
For grins…when a 600dm 500mb ridge is possible, weather geeks take notice. Expansive “dog days” #heat next week.
Hurricanes brewing across the NE Pacific this week which could bring risk of a storm surge to #Hawaiihttps://t.co/QAYpzGfZac
— Met Office (@metoffice) July 12, 2016
Grateful Dead – Hell In A Bucket – Studio Version Remasterehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01AC4Y2E0t8
Hell In A Bucket
Here we are all . Some one stand up , I’m an old dead man.
Johnny Cash One Piece At A Time
Picture a bright blue ball, just spinning, spinnin free,
Dizzy with eternity.
Paint it with a skin of sky,
Brush in some clouds and sea,
Call it home for you and me.
A peaceful place or so it looks from space,
A closer look reveals the human race.
Full of hope, full of grace
Is the human face,
But afraid we may lay our home to waste.
There’s a fear down here we can’t forget.
Hasn’t got a name just yet.
Always awake, always around,
Singing ashes, ashes, all fall down.
Ashes, ashes, all fall down.
Since NAFTA and beyond – the “free trade” deals being set up right, left, and centre favour corporate and shareholder profits above all else. Participating countries cede aspects of their sovereignty to corporate interests – can be sued by big business for passing environmental regulations that might interfere with potential corporate profits. Trevor Anderson has a few things to say about that – and now this in the Guardian re TTIP:
<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/11/leaked-ttip-energy-proposal-could-sabotage-eu-climate-policy"Leaked TTIP energy proposal could 'sabotage' EU climate policy
Sorry – typo in the link –
Leaked TTIP energy proposal could ‘sabotage’ EU climate policy
And Sanders just conceded…pretty much the last remote chance to really stand up against the corporate interests driving the country and the planet into perdition.
J-O-H-N-N-Y C-A-S-H – I’ve Been Everywhere – With Lyrics
Here’s A4Real’s long blog post on the massive increase in thunderstorm and lightning activity over the Arctic from 1915 to 2016. What has happened with activity during the last two years has no parallel in the lightning database.
We are seeing effects due to sea ice melt that are enabling storms to generate cloud to ground strikes over 600 miles into the ice pack… or what used to be ice….
Here is the link: http://www.megiddo666.apocalypse4real-globalmethanetracking.com/2016/07/iced-lightning-lightning-strikes-at-80.html
Thanks wili,
More info about the recent lightning activity.
‘ Iced Lightning – Lightning Strikes at 80 North
On July 8 and 9, 2016 the National Weather Service published special weather statements regarding the potential for thunderstorms in Barrow, Alaska and on the North Slope. There was not a thunderstorm reported in the media, although on July 10, 2016 there was a cloud to ground strike 15 miles from Barrow.
Curious, I decided to research the background of Arctic Coast or Arctic Ocean thunderstorms, starting with Barrow and Wainwright, Alaska.
Here’s what I found, and what came at the end made my jaw drop in regard to lightning strikes and thunderstorms over the Arctic Sea Ice – and the massive changes in the last 16 years of increasing thunderstorm activity over the Arctic Ocean.’
T-storm activity peaks at different times of the year across the U.S. (H/T @Climatologist49) https://t.co/j9YOMoqDED pic.twitter.com/iQZRClRpRj
— Brian Donegan (@WxBrianD) July 13, 2016
Thanks, dt. I find those tiny micro-climates (wrt time of tstorms) around SF in that map rather odd and interesting!
A4Real has a new thread over at ASIF, Iced Lightning. Neven indicated he’s going to post about it on his blog soon. Which I think means we should be keeping an eye on this.
Reply #1: “I have just spoken with my colleague – who designed and developed the lightning location system for the UK at Capenhurst. She says such high-latitude strikes are significantly anomalous.”
http://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php/topic,1603.msg83419.html#new
Thanks,willi et.al. A4R,dt… I found myself on a sailboat 150 nautical miles east of Nantucket in July 1990. Dead batteries. No LORAN or running lights. Sea sick owners and crew. Stifling heat and not a puff of air sunup to sundown. (No electronics, no Yanmar diesel auxiliary power…) For three nights in a row, everything changed. The towering Monsters came upon us. Fierce downdrafts. Wild wind shifts. Heavy fog, 12′ steep short seas, blinding rain. And lightning I did not believe possible. I shared this with my USCG brother after I brought the craft & crew back to Newport,RI safety. He was a veteran of meteorological ocean stations off southern Greenland. He graduated the US Coast Guard class for weather at Governors Island, NYC. He told me lightning almost never occurs offshore.
https://weather.com/safety/earthquake/news/earthquake-southeast-us-north-american-plate
All that earthquake activity from CSG and Fracking will be producing fracture lines, creating new areas of thinning and resultant geothermal activity.
Earthquake Capital may yet wear the crown of the US’s newest active volcano in a rich carboniferous zone.
Hooley Dooley
– New Zealand is getting some strong wind action:
Gale wind across the South Island, parts of the North. Gusts could exceed 140km/h https://t.co/d2ipJMFlYI pic.twitter.com/I4OT0XGtsR
— Chester Lampkin (@chesterlampkin) July 13, 2016
Indian Ocean Dipole
A substantial negative IOD event is getting underway. pic.twitter.com/cTQsTgnCcG
— Anthony Sagliani (@anthonywx) July 13, 2016
– I came across this oil & gas threat map. A good reference that is frequently updated.
‘Fossil Fumes’
Oil & Gas Threat Map raises awareness of health threats of #airpollution. How does your community compare? https://t.co/mtIv8w4YC7
— Sustainable PGH (@SustainablePGH) July 5, 2016
The race to electrify has some geopolitical dramas on the sidelines. One result:
Honda Co-Developed a New Hybrid Car Battery in Order to Avoid Procuring Rare Earth Metals From China. To overcome the barrier of relying on these rare earth elements, Honda teamed up with Daido Steel, a company with a unique approach to making neodymium magnets. It uses a process called “hot deformation,” which creates nanometer-scale crystals. The nanometer crystal structure is much smaller than the crystal structure formed through the more common method of manufacturing, according to Honda. The nanostructure allows for magnets to achieve higher heat resistance without requiring heavy rare-earth metals.
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Honda-Co-Developed-a-New-Hybrid-Car-Battery
Just another corner of the woods with a whole lot of unexplained rain…
http://usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/07/12/wis-declares-emergency-rains/87014252/
Jeff Masters weighed in: A phenomenal 24-hour rainfall total of 10” reported on Tuesday morning at Wascott, WI, isn’t too far from the state’s 24-hour record of 11.72”, set in 1946. The storms were fueled by extremely high amounts of atmospheric moisture: the dew point at Sioux Falls, SD, hit 82°F on Monday, apparently setting a new all-time record high dew point for the city
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is making big strides, and China is set to install 10,000 megawatts in the next five years, which should bring the costs down. This form of solar power addresses the problems of intermittency that PV solar experiences.
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/07/07/3789508/china-solar-energy-night/
Another article about the toxic algae in Lake Okeechobee at The Daily Beast….linking it to climate change:
“Will this toxic algae eat Florida?”
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/07/13/will-this-toxic-algae-bloom-eat-florida.html
Meanwhile, experts warn that we’ll only see more of these dangerous blue-green algae blooms as global temperatures rise—in Florida and nationwide.
“These types of blooms are going to be more prevalent as the climate warms,” said Rob Moore, senior policy analyst for the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) water program. “That’s yet another motivating factor for the U.S. and for governments around the world to take rapid action to decrease emissions that are causing climate change.”
With Sanders now out of the way, the Democratic establishment can go merrily back to their incrementalism, as Cornel West put it. No need to bother with vision or bold leadership. Let’s go back to (futile) efforts to compromise with the no-compromise Republicans. Although I don’t expect Hilary to feel bound by the party platform anyway, the refusal of her delegates to back the fracking ban means, to me at least, that we will stay with a basicall BAU scenario. There may be a few minor initiatives, but nothing to seriously challenge the FF industry.
Vision has been re-defined as unrealistic, and the noise I hear in my mind is the last of my naive shreds of hope for real change crashing.
Why Obama’s top scientist just called keeping fossil fuels in the ground ‘unrealistic’
…Yet Obama administration officials and many energy policy wonks continue to suggest that we will need to rely on burning natural gas, nuclear energy and even outfitting coal plants with carbon capturing technologies for some time. In contrast to “keep it in the ground,” their approach has sometimes been labeled “all of the above.” Meanwhile, Clinton has called natural gas, in particular, a “bridge” to a cleaner energy future.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/07/12/why-obamas-top-scientist-just-called-keeping-fossil-fuels-in-the-ground-unrealistic/
typo…should be basic BAU scenario.
Wind and solar are superior energy sources to gas and nuclear and coal now. Nuclear is high cost to build, high liability, slow build. Coal with carbon capture is far more expensive than wind and solar. Gas requires fracking which wrecks our water supplies.
Using ‘bridge’ energy sources will lengthen the time of fossil fuel burning and lock in warmer and warmer temperatures. The subsidy support necessary for these sources will draw investment and other interest away from renewables at a critical period. Globally, it may be enough to get us off a BAU path, but it won’t get us off a very destructive near BAU to mid range path. Such policies assume a 3 to 4 C warming this Century — 6-8 C long term IF fossil fuel burning stops at the end of this Century and IF carbon feedbacks are moderate.
The most responsible policy positions involve keeping fossil fuels in the ground and transitioning as rapidly as possible to renewable energy. At this point, they are also the most economic. The only incentive, politically, to protecting fossil fuel interests now is the defense of various monetary interests. We should be on a footing where all new energy comes from renewables — wind, solar etc — not just due to the fact that it will drastically cut carbon emissions, but also due to the fact that these resources use less water, are modular and rapidly deployable, and have far, far less overall down-chain externalities. In other words — not only are these energy sources climate change mitigators, they are climate change resilient.
Black and Bloom is a UK study, along the lines of Dark Snow, into processes affecting albedo and melt in Greenland. Lots of info and current updates from the field as we speak, on their website:
https://blackandbloom.org/
“Black and Bloom’s mission is to reveal how dark particles and microorganisms (pigmented bacteria and algae) that live in melt water on the surface of the ice are ‘amplifying’ ice sheet melt. We believe that by darkening the ice surface, these particles and microbes lower the ice albedo (reflectivity) and absorb more of the suns heat, increasing the melt. Climate change will likely exacerbate this process, by providing more melt water for microorganisms to thrive in.”
Saskatchewan joins the long list of areas with a “flood situation” and states of emergency thanks to deluges of rain. Links to multiple stories from across the province here:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan
Highest totals 98 mm in 24 hours. High for this latitude.
Large storms there last night as well.
Scientists have for decades hotly debated what killed the dinosaurs. One long-held hypothesis blames immense and long-lasting volcanic eruptions that drastically altered Earth’s climate. Another more recent hypothesis suggests that the dino die-offs occurred after a massive asteroid hit the planet near the Yucatán Peninsula. Now, research finds that the extraterrestrial impact may have led to increased volcanism in the Indian subcontinent, providing a double whammy that took out Tyrannosaurus rex and his kin…..local water temperatures rose, on average, about 1.1°C (2°F) in the wake of the asteroid impact. But water temperatures jumped a whopping 7.8°C (14°F) around the same time the volcanoes, which erupted in what is now India, began spewing planet-warming carbon dioxide some 150,000 years before the impact.
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/ancient-global-warming-spikes-suggest-dinosaurs-died-double-disaster
Lets hold civilization together shall we? European Neandertals were cannibals–“No one yet knows if Neandertal cannibalism was a ritual practice, reserved for special occasions and imbued with special meaning, or if they were just really, really hungry.”
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/07/european-neandertals-were-cannibals
Cannibalism is a sign of food resource stress among hominids. The practice at first often becomes ritualized in the form of eating the deceased. In worse cases, the practice tends toward hunting and eating of one’s enemies. During some complete collapse scenarios, you end up with gangs of the strong eating the weak.
If Neandertals were out-competed by Homo Sapiens, the during the period of their decline it is altogether likely that they would have experienced food resource stress. If they were less effective hunters and gatherers, the first shock would have come in the form of less resources overall, increased hunger, increased disease, increased death rates. As populations collapsed, this problem would have multiplied due to the loss of productive individuals and due to population inequality vs the likely encroaching homo sapien populations.
I´m not sure if food resource stress needs to be present for ritual cannibalism to occur. Maybe to begin the tradition, but once it gets ritual, traditions can go on for a long time. The Tupi tribes in Brasil praticed ritual canibalism of captured enemies.
It was not as grisly a tradition as it seems when resumed in that phrase… the ritual part was quite strong and enforced several rules that worked to keep populations low enough for sustainable hunter-gatherer-ocasional agriculture, while also enforcing cooperation, decent treatment of prisioners, respect for womans and a lot of other rather nice society rules (actually, if I had lived in the 1500s, I´d rather live in Tupi society, despite caniballism and the onslaught that was growing nearer, than in renaissance Portugal.)
And there was almost no food stress in Tupi society. Brasil was as fertile then as it was now, or better. There was a lot of gathering (even in a stroll in the woods now it´s easy to find lunch if one knows what´s edible… like more than 300 fruits by different trees around here), a bit of agriculture (manioc, corn, beans, planting tree seeds around), plenty of game, some of it kept captive (mallard ducks were exported to the world, but a few other species, like peccarys and guans, where also raised… they were quickly replaced by pigs and chicken in the colonization, but they´re also productive), and no signs of bad-nutrition in archeological finds. Estimates find that the “working” time used to guarantee food in tupi society was less than 3h/day (both for men, who fished and hunted and for woman, who gathered and planted).
I known that caniballism is taboo, and it´s difficult to imagine that it would arise in a situation different from desperation, seeing with modern eyes. But humans can be quite different in their ways, so that something that is a complete taboo for one society can be normal for other.
Right brain memetic cultures have at times ritualized cannibalistic behavior absent a food stress. But it’s typical that food stress acts as a trigger for the behavior and is likely the initial cause in cases where ritualistic cannibalism has been adopted long-term.
Medicine takes an even dimmer view of humans. The article below is not the only one in this vein. John Collinge is a top prion researcher.
Cannibalism and Prion Disease May Have Been Rampant in Ancient Humans.
Elizabeth Pennisi. Science 11 Apr 2003: Vol. 300, Issue 5617, pp. 227-228
DOI: 10.1126/science.300.5617.227a
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/300/5617/227.1.full
Some call it the laughing disease; others, kuru. This neurodegenerative disorder is universally fatal and 40 years ago killed almost 10% of a small New Guinea tribe called the Fore. Now molecular biologists propose that similar epidemics plagued prehistoric humans. Both then and more recently, kuru, a prion disease, was transmitted through cannibalism, Simon Mead and John Collinge of University College London and their colleagues claim in a report online in Science this week (www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1083320). They base their conclusions on the worldwide distribution of variants of the prion gene.
The work lends support to the idea that ancient people once regularly munched on their peers. This conclusion will be controversial, says John Hardy, a geneticist at the National Institute on Aging in Bethesda, Maryland. Nonetheless, “I think [Collinge and colleagues] might be right.” . . .
Need a little help with that victory garden? This might help. Grow gardens not lawns!
As individuals, it’s easy to feel powerless in the face of global climate change. We can make individual choices to live with less, and cut down on our own personal carbon footprint, but how do we really make a difference?
Though it may feel like so much is out of our control, the good news is there is a lot of change to be made on our own through education, teaching, and practice of sustainability and climate change mitigation. Read on to find out how something simple as soil could be the solution to global warming. https://www.mum.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Soil-and-Climate-Change.pdf
More abuse of our resources and planet – from The Guardian –
Americans throw away almost as much food as they eat because of a “cult of perfection”, deepening hunger and poverty, and inflicting a heavy toll on the environment.
The article references the US specifically, but I don’t think we are much, if any, better in Canada.
Half of all US food produce is thrown away, new research suggests
See also links to several good articles at the bottom of the Guardian page.
Second link 🙂
Hat tip to Desdemona Despair.
And check out this article on reducing food waste –
How did Denmark become a leader in the food waste revolution?
– I see the waste all the time. It’s gross and disgusting to witness, and to know it is happening. And it is quite ‘American’.
Fruit falling from trees and vines, just to rot is a common sight too.
The funny (tragic) thing is that even though we (the US) are the most wasteful country on Earth there are still millions of Americans among the impoverished and hungry of the world.
furthermore a tipping point for me was 1986 when the cost of packaging food (in the USA) exceeded the value of the food so packaged
I think the biggest waste in the U.S. is that we eat so much meat. A few years ago, we fed enough grain to meat animals in the U.S. to feed something like a billion people.
That’s something we can all work on, eating less meat, I think. Chicken, turkey, fish, eggs and dairy products are all less CO2 intensive than beef, and fruits and vegetables are better still.
http://www.appropedia.org/Beef
‘I am the river and the river is me,’ Now In New Zealand, Lands and Rivers Can Be People (Legally Speaking)…The settlement is a profound alternative to the human presumption of sovereignty over the natural world… Personhood means, among other things, that lawsuits to protect the land can be brought on behalf of the land itself, with no need to show harm to a particular human.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/14/world/what-in-the-world/in-new-zealand-lands-and-rivers-can-be-people-legally-speaking.html
– China – Hong Kong – Chinese trash dispersed by extreme weather.
– .ecowatch.com/hong-kongs-beaches-teeming-with-plastic-trash
‘Local authorities have described the filth as a “glacier of trash,” and that the rubbish from one island could even be seen from space, the Epoch Times wrote. From July 1 to 9 alone, government departments collected 78,000 kilograms (about 172,000 pounds) of litter from affected areas, the South China Morning Post reported.
On Sunday, chief executive Leung Chun-ying and his team of 60 officials and workers collected about 1,350 kilograms (about 3,000 pounds) of garbage in about half an hour during a beach clean-up in South Lantau.
Leung blamed the influx on heavy rains and floods that struck southern China.
“A lot of domestic garbage was washed towards Hong Kong from the mainland … predictably due to heavy rainfalls and floods in the past few weeks,”
I like how they blame storms and wind/currents for trash piling up, but not humans for creating and dumping it in the fist place. If we stopped polluting like we’re the last generation before the world explodes, we wouldn’t have to be dependent upon favorable conditions for garbage free beaches.
marcyincny
I don’t know the wider weather context for this but I don’t remember a grand tour stage being adjusted because of wind…
http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-de-france-ventoux-stage-shortened-due-to-risk-of-100km-h-winds/
– This goes with Robert’s previous ‘Coastal Cities, Critical Infrastructure’ post:
-eos.org/features/global-risks-and-research-priorities-for-coastal-subsidence
Global Risks and Research Priorities for Coastal Subsidence
Some of the world’s largest cities are sinking faster than the oceans are rising. Humans are part of the problem, but we can also be part of the solution through monitoring and modeling.
Coastal lowlands, which rise less than 10 meters above sea level, are particularly vulnerable to the climate change effects forecast for the 21st century, including the threat of inundation by accelerating sea level rise and increases in severity and frequency of tropical storm surges. These threats coincide with a worldwide surge in human population in coastal areas. Coastal population centers include several megacities, whose populations exceed 10 million. Many of these coastal megacities are located on river deltas that are also major centers for agriculture, fisheries, and hydrocarbon production.
To make matters worse, many coastal areas are sinking even faster than the waters are rising: Natural and human-driven subsidence rates arising from shallow processes can be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the rate of climate-driven sea level rise predicted for the remainder of the 21st century…
-The ruins of Fort Beauregard (also known as Fort Proctor) are partly submerged in Lake Borgne, east of New Orleans, La. Many coastal areas are sinking even faster than sea level is rising. Credit: Frank McMains
https://eos.org/features/global-risks-and-research-priorities-for-coastal-subsidence
– It’s quite a comprehensive effort here.
‘… Deeper, often poorly understood, processes also contribute to coastal subsidence, including thermal subsidence and fault motion. However, these deeper processes typically contribute less than a few millimeters per year (Figure 1) to the overall loss in elevation in most coastal areas, in contrast to human-caused effects like water withdrawal, which can contribute as much as a meter of subsidence annually.’
Worth factoring in Geological processes we are just getting a grasp on this believe it or not courtesy of the oil industry and their geological surveys over decades.
Sure to have the deniers jumping all over it as the reason for climate change rather than CO2 being a driver.
http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2016/05/we-were-totally-wrong-about-whats-happening-inside-earths-mantle/
For the first time, geologists have compiled a global map of the wave-like motions called “convective currents” inside Earth’s mantle. They found that those convective currents are moving roughly ten times faster than previously thought. The discovery can help explain everything from how Earth’s surface changes over time to the formation of fossil fuel deposits to long-term climate change.
“In geological terms, the Earth’s surface bobs up and down like a yo-yo,” geologist Mark Hoggard of Cambridge University said in a statement. Hoggard is lead author on a paper published today in Nature Geoscience.
Our planet’s deep interior is an enduring scientific mystery. Having never drilled more than a few kilometres beneath the surface of the Earth, geologists rely on indirect measurements and models to get a sense of what’s happening further down. The mantle is a nearly 3000km layer of gooey, compressed rock, and convective activity within it has a big impact on Earth’s surface.
“In addition to the normal plate tectonics, the interior of the plates which should be quite boring are being forced up and down by mantle convection,” Hoggard told Gizmodo. “People have known that this occurs for a long time, but for the past 30 years we haven’t had the data to measure it.”
That’s changing, thanks to new high-resolution seismic reflection profiles created by the oil industry. Seismic reflection profiling is a technique geologists use to peer deep into Earth’s crust, by measuring the reflection and refraction of seismic waves as they travel downwards. The method can reveal fine-scale changes in the thickness of the crust, which in turn relates to mantle convection.
By analysing over 2000 seismic reflection measurements taken across the world’s oceans, Hoggard and his colleagues constructed the first global database of mantle convection. They were surprised to discover frequent changes in the thickness of seafloor crust, indicating that mantle convection is occurring far more frequently than we thought — think a vigorously bubbling pot of water instead of a slow-churning soup.
https://www.amazon.com/Strategies-Rapid-Climate-Mitigation-mobilisation/dp/1138646237
A new book by Laurence Delina is garnering some attention. Bill McKibben gives it a nod for demonstrating how a global WW2-type mobilisation might be put into practice to address the effects of climate change in a timely enough way.
“Strategies for Rapid Climate Mitigation examines the wartime-climate analogy by drawing lessons from wartime mobilisations to develop contingency plans for a scenario where governments implement stringent mitigation programs as an ‘insurance policy’ where we pay for future benefits. Readers are provided a picture of how these programs could look, how they would work, what could trigger them, and the challenges in execution. The book analyses in detail one plausible approach to a crucial issue – an approach built upon knowledge of climate science and on proven and demonstrated mitigation measures. The book is meshed with a social and political analysis that draws upon narratives of mobilisations during the war to meet a transnational threat, while also addressing the shortcomings of the analogy and its strategies.”
Not cheap, though. Anyone here read or reading it?
Nice to see that someone is looking at this. Not cheap, but better than losing pretty much all of the natural wealth that supports us. Cheaper, in other words, than fossil fuel burning in the long term.
Beautiful view of the @GrandCanyonNPS today. It looks like a new fire has broken out near the north rim. pic.twitter.com/n951JUO3f5
— Jeff Williams (@Astro_Jeff) July 13, 2016
#NWSFlagstaff IMET enroute to #FullerFire near North Rim, AZ https://t.co/Xe37NomiGx pic.twitter.com/xW067PpYg8
— NWS IMET Operations (@NWS_IMET_OPS) July 13, 2016
Panel discussion "The Psychology of #Climate Denial & Skepticism" Assoc of @ClimateOfficers, Wash DC, Tue 7/19: https://t.co/38V5lXgNuR
— Michael E. Mann (@MichaelEMann) July 13, 2016
Not often you see this:
Today's fcst in Umiat, Alaska, N of Arctic Circle: "Hot", ~33°F above "normal" for July. pic.twitter.com/0tu2ThWtgu
Clouds and rain over the Arctic Ocean
https://www.windyty.com/?clouds,79.897,-108.193,4
"..some on-air forecasters…are loathe (or even forbidden) to mention it."
By @wildweatherdan in #AGUblogs https://t.co/3EuZ82csJs
— AGU's Eos (@AGU_Eos) July 14, 2016
Ps The headline is better than article. But glad to see the topic mentioned.
– Weather is a matter of survival. Most weather reporters are relegated to about a minute and half of travel. traffic, convenience, and recreation related weather data and forecasts.
Broadcast/weathercasts are usually followed by a car commercial or drug tonic for what is often an environmentally caused ailment.
Traffic and weather reports are often treated as one.
It’s not a pretty sight.
“The headline is better than article” applies to the JS WaPo article not the AGU-EOS.
"Globally it may be one of the hottest months ever."
By @wildweatherdan in #AGUblogs https://t.co/0se7jVsBSy
– ‘ We lost the snow earlier than anytime on record, and it wasn’t just in one part of the snow-covered universe,” said Dave Robinson, New Jersey state climatologist at Rutgers University, noting that as much as 30 percent of the land in the Northern Hemisphere is typically white. “This is the lowest spring snow extent on record.”’
Low Sierra snow seen as piece of alarming climate picture
A panel of climate experts organized by SEARCH, or the Study of Environmental Arctic Change, met in Washington, D.C., to draw attention to the historic melt-off of snow and ice during the first six months of 2016 — and the resulting problems.
The lack of snow, a result of record-high temperatures across the planet, not only intensifies water shortages and the threat of wildfires in California and other parts of the country, but also amplifies global warming. Because snow helps reflect the sun’s hot rays, less of it means the Earth only heats up more, the scientists said.
http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Low-Sierra-snow-seen-as-piece-of-alarming-climate-8377007.php#photo-10404001
“Snow helps reflect the sun’s hot rays, less of it means the Earth only heats up more” – this is something i have alluded to in the past in regards to the re-accumulation of snow.
http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2016/07/meteorologists-need-to-start-talking-about-climate-change/
So, say meteorologists start making attribution part of their forecasts. Do we get daily reminders for how not to screw up the planet? This approach is very tricky. If you use a severe weather hook to talk about climate change, especially when lives or property have been lost, climate deniers will brand your message insensitive or opportunistic. But without meteorologists connecting the dots, how else will people start to see the those human “fingerprints” on their weather, and potentially make changes?
I asked Eric Holthaus, a meteorologist for Slate and host of the new podcast Warm Regards, who has encouraged meteorologists to talk about climate change, if he thought having climate information inserted into our daily forecasts might help people to take action. He was not optimistic. “I think that really, what you’re describing is the main challenge of climate change communication for the last 35 years or more,” he said. “We’ve known the science of climate change for a long time, but just knowing what’s going to happen hasn’t been enough to reduce emissions yet.”
In a place like Alberta, which will be recovering from the Ft McMurray wildfire for a very long time, it may not be popular to make a connection to climate change, but I’d argue it’s critical. This is a region where the economy is almost entirely supported by the extraction of fossil fuels. These fossil fuels are in turn directly contributing to the warming that has extended the region’s fire season by 20 per cent in just 35 years. In this case, suppressing that connection is not just destroying the livelihoods of those residents, it’s criminal. Giving weather attribution data to residents who have lost everything in severe weather events might empower them to demand serious reform.
Hold on. Lots of false premises here.
The experts have known. But the general populace has been largely confused over the issue. And, absolutely, we need to tie meteorological forecasts in with climate change attribution. What would happen if we didn’t talk about potential impacts of powerful hurricanes? We wouldn’t be prepared. Same goes for climate change. It’s not just about experts knowing, it’s about information and education enabling a response from the majority of the populace. And, of course we’d have better policies on climate change if we’d talked about this issue. We’d have adopted renewables faster, we’d have cut carbon emissions faster, and there’d been none of this worry about climate change deniers — because they’d be recognized as the crackpots that they really are.
Failure to talk about climate risks is absolutely vastly irresponsible.
” it’s about information and education enabling a response from the majority of the populace.”
– Most definitely so.
A giant heat dome is poised to envelop the U.S. next week
Both the European and GFS models, among others, are depicting the height of the 500 millibar pressure surface, which is normally located around 5,000 meters, or 18,000 feet, to be at or above 6,000 meters, or 19,685 feet.
This is a rare event that is an indication that this event may be unusually severe.
http://mashable.com/2016/07/13/massive-july-heat-wave-coming-us/#0NOm9h7nWqqS
Being a long way away physically, after all that rain and flooding. How is the wet bulb temps with all this heat . ?
Good news time: this is from Newfoundland, where the economy is really hurting from the effects of the oil bust. We have a lot of unemployed oil workers here. Some have come together to form a group called Iron and Earth—not a band, but a “non-profit social enterprise committed to catalysing Canada’s renewable energy economy.” They aim to transition oil workers into green energy development. Good on them—a brilliant and forward-thinking move on the part of these young and highly-skilled workers.
Iron and Earth have signed an MOU—just a first step, but it has to begin somewhere—-with a local wind energy company to develop SIX offshore wind farms in Atlantic Canada. This is very good news indeed.
http://www.ironandearth.org/iron_earth_east_signs_historic_mou_with_beothuk
I often feel that this kind of movement would be catalyzed by a parallel movement to develop local renewable energy based economies. As an example, the Lions Club in the US has worked on community development projects for decades. A similar group that worked on community renewable energy development and climate change resiliency could positively enable the kind of transitional work flow that could help these oil workers move to more sustainable jobs capable of supporting their families.
Yesterday, four people died in New York City from the heat, including a 24 year old, and 20 more collapsed and went to hospitals, some even after nightfall. One woman jumped from a window to escape. It was 88 (31.1) degrees! Oh, and it was 1916. What a difference air conditioning has made in 100 years. Wonder where we would be politically today with climate change in the developed world if we didn’t have A/C. Hat tip to Pipewhale:
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D01E3DE1E3FE233A25750C1A9619C946796D6CF
The reason people jumped out of windows at 88 (31.1) degrees, in addition to living in all the craziness of New York City, was humidity. We go on and on about temperatures but, as pointed out over and over here, humidity is part of the equation and is increasing along with temperatures. The temperature may only go up one degree F but if the humidity increases significantly the temperature increase can feel more than 30 degrees F hotter
From a heatwave mass casualty risk standpoint, looks like the coastal western US is something to look out for. Of course, anytime you start to get power outages due to heat and the ACs start shutting down, then you’re going to have a pretty big issue. Worth noting that solar energy provides demand response at exactly the time when days are hottest. Hot nights, however, are a growing problem as well. This mainly due to the fact that higher greenhouse gas levels support higher relative night-time temperatures vs day time temperatures.
The algae bloom North of Finland seems to be growing, and it is huge by any measure –
Would you pay U.S. $37.50/month to have Tesla battery back-up power so you never lose power? To agree to share that power with the power company when they need it for brief periods of time? Green Mountain Power of Vermont figures its a win win for them and is offering the deal to customers in lieu of them buying back-up power for $6500 for their homes outright.
http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/green-mountain-powers-bet-on-tesla-powerwall-value-50-per-month
So here’s an example of an energy system that could benefit from incentives/carbon tax/carbon pricing. It’s also worth noting that the cost of these battery packs will probably halve in the next 4-7 years. Interesting that we’re already seeing payback times of 17 years due to reduced costs of peaking energy supplies.
We’ve gotten our names on the waiting list to house one of these batteries. Timetable still uncertain at this point.
Holy Hell and High Water, do we need to rewire our brains? I see 20 years of the same snail pace change in attitudes, with almost 8 years lost 2008 -2015 even with recent uptick in awareness:
Those 8 years can be chalked up to corporate media dominance and bullying by climate change deniers spreading doubt over the issue. Note that over the past 8 years public awareness of climate change increases during national elections, then tends to fall 1-2 years after as the media cycle kicks in.
No major media source at this time should be giving equal time or space to climate skeptics or climate change deniers. Climate change is the most serious threat we’ve ever faced as a civilization. It is the author of 4 out of 5 of the major mass extinction events and the cause of most of the smaller ones. Global wealth of life on Earth is dependent on climate. Change the climate and you get severe harmful impacts.
It’s worth noting that these perceptions are 10-20 years out from global human civilization experiencing severe fracturing due to climate change and 20-40 years out from potential collapse events. The pace of events is quickening now. It’s just a question of what tempo and severity we can handle.
Of course, it’s not just about human beings. It’s about the wealth and beauty and vitality of our world as a whole. Continued burning of fossil fuels guarantees the loss of the Great Barrier reef and most if not all of the corals around the world. And it’s already setting into play one a mass extinction event that could be, if we keep burning fossil fuels, worse than the great dying of the Permian.
Serious threat? For life on Earth it’s worse than nuclear winter.
I wish I didn’t respect your analysis so much because “these perceptions are 10-20 years out from global human civilization experiencing severe fracturing due to climate change and 20-40 years out from potential collapse events” is a whole lot of no time for our species to get its act together. My two young sons ask me if they will have kids and grandchildren…
Think of the difference in climate change impacts between now and the 90s. Now imagine the severity of current impacts worsening by a similar degree over the next 15 years. Then again in the following 12 year time-frame. That’s the BAU to near BAU path.
Without serious resiliency efforts, mass migration pressure will double to triple over the 20-30 year horizon. Pace of sea level rise will probably have increased by 50 to 150 percent over that period. Crop stresses will have multiplied. We’ll almost certainly have crossed the 1.5 C threshold and may have hit or crossed the 2 C threshold if keep it in the ground campaigns are defeated by fossil fuel special interests.
There will be a liveable future in that time-frame. But it’ll be a tougher one. One more subject to issues of scarcity (water, food, maybe energy if renewables aren’t rapidly developed) social and political fracturing. One that will demand far more adaptation and resiliency and cooperation than we currently achieve or plan for. If we’re still afflicted with the same levels of inequality, wealth concentration, and resource externalities that we see today, or if those factors worsen, then today’s social unrest will look like a tempest in a teapot as water, food, and access to land that’s not flooding or degraded or in a non productive new climate zone becomes a serious issue.
The early outlier period for climate change will be ending and we’ll also start to see some of the initial major event impacts.
Downburst in Minsk, Belarus, yesterday afternoon https://t.co/34MZkWpS3j@EUStormMap @JointCyclone @severeweatherEU pic.twitter.com/39d59TERpf
— Marta Povlen (@povlen13) July 14, 2016
– Wildfire Colorado still burning — no containment.
WeatherNation @WeatherNation 16h16 hours ago
This is an earlier look at the #HaydenPassFire in Colorado, with over 12,000 acres burned and no containment. #cowx
Mandatory evacuations for County Rd 35 and Eagle Peak Subdivision on the west side of County Rd 1a. #HaydenPassFire pic.twitter.com/7jmwScAnGv
— WeatherNation (@WeatherNation) July 13, 2016
Two Flavors of Record Heat: Deadhorse and Houston
By: Bob Henson and Jeff Masters
If you glance at a temperature map for North America, as shown below, you might get the impression that we’re in the midst of a fairly typical midsummer week…
What’s noteworthy right now isn’t at the core of the continent: it’s along the fringes, where some exceptional heat has been produced in recent days.
Big heat in northernmost Alaska
A pulse of warm air invaded the North Slope of northern Alaska on Wednesday, bringing some of the warmest air ever recorded there…
Hot nights in Houston
The eye-opener this month in southeast Texas isn’t that it got up into the 80s—it’s that the temperature has had trouble getting below that range. Last week, on July 5, Houston’s Bush Intercontinental Airport tied its all-time warm minimum with a steamy low of just 83°F. This came midway through a five-day stretch of lows at or above 80°F, all of them setting daily records…
Torrid conditions for the heartland next week
After being shunted to the far sides of the continent, record or near-record heat will invade the center of North America next week, perhaps for an extended period. Long-range computer models continue to insist that a very strong and large ridge of high pressure will develop next week, encompassing most of the contiguous U.S. by the weekend of July 23-24. Temperatures will soar well into the 90s across most of the central U.S., with large areas above 100°F possible by late next week, especially over the Great Plains…
Seemingly endless parade of storms continues in the Eastern Pacific
The Eastern Pacific is in the midst of an extraordinary period of July activity, thanks to favorable genesis conditions created by the presence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which has created rising air and low pressure over the region. Beginning on July 2, Tropical Storm Agatha formed, and since then, three hurricanes have joined the parade…
Estelle on the way–and perhaps Frank
Tropical Storm Estelle is also likely on the way–both the European and GFS models indicate that an area of disturbed weather several hundred miles southwest of Acapulco, Mexico…
The Atlantic remains quiet
As is usually the case when the Eastern Pacific is active, the Atlantic is quiet. This anti-correlation in activity occurs because rising air over the tropical Eastern Pacific typically creates a compensating area of sinking air over the tropical Atlantic. This sinking air creates surface high pressure and dry weather–the antithesis of conditions needed for tropical cyclone formation…
https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/two-flavors-of-record-heat-deadhorse-and-houston
– Habitat destruction — mostly human caused.
Biodiversity is below safe levels across more than half of world’s land – study
Habitat destruction has reduced the variety of plants and animals to the point that ecological systems could become unable to function properly, with risks for agriculture and human health, say scientists
The variety of animals and plants has fallen to dangerous levels across more than half of the world’s landmass due to humanity destroying habitats to use as farmland, scientists have estimated.
The unchecked loss of biodiversity is akin to playing ecological roulette and will set back efforts to bring people out of poverty in the long term, they warned.
Analysing 1.8m records from 39,123 sites across Earth, the international study found that a measure of the intactness of biodiversity at sites has fallen below a safety limit across 58.1% of the world’s land.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/14/biodiversity-below-safe-levels-across-over-half-of-worlds-land-study
This is heartbreaking. What have we done to this beautiful world?
– Along with hot air temps ozone will be a problem for many in the West.
#USA High #ozone levels plague #CA & #NV 0714 | Ozone damages biotic tissue. – https://t.co/eCWPv8TXTs pic.twitter.com/TuUuDwhkVo
— David Lange (@DavidLange2) July 14, 2016
‘The extraordinary years have become the normal years’: Scientists survey radical Arctic melt
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/07/13/the-extraordinary-years-have-become-the-normal-years-scientists-survey-radical-melt-in-the-arctic/#comments
“Climate change department killed off by Theresa May in ‘plain stupid’ and ‘deeply worrying’ move”
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change-department-killed-off-by-theresa-may-in-plain-stupid-and-deeply-worrying-move-a7137166.html
So far they say “nothing is changing”, as it says at the bottom of the article – but this sure sounds like some serious deprioritisation. From a seperate “Department for Energy and Climate Change” to a combined “Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy” headed by somebody who wanted to get fracking infrastructure designated “nationally important” so that local councils couldn’t block wells in their areas.
Greenpeace comments here:
https://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2016/07/14/cabinet-reshuffle-whitehall-shake-means-environment/
July Was the Hottest Month Ever Recorded; 2016 Set to Make 1998 Look Cold by Comparison | robertscribbler
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A Halo of Storms and Heatwaves — New Study Confirms that Global Warming is Wrecking the Northern Hemisphere Jet Stream
“We came as close as one can to demonstrating a direct link between climate change and a large family of extreme recent weather events.” — Michael Mann
The Earth is warming, the weather is growing more extreme, and from the observational perspective, it appears that the Northern Hemisphere Jet Stream has undergone some seriously disturbing changes. Over the past five years, this subject has been one that’s spurred heated debate among scientists, meteorologists, and global climate and weather watchers. Now, a new model study finds that it’s likely that the Jet Stream is being significantly altered by human-forced climate change and that this alteration is helping to drive extreme weather events like the 2003 European heat wave, the 2010 Pakistan flood and Russian heat wave, the 2011 Texas heat wave and recent floods in Europe.
(More extreme variation in upper level wind speeds is an upshot of polar warming during boreal summer. The result is that risks of severe heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and floods increases as the Earth warms. Image source: Michael Mann, Penn State.)
From the study:
… our analysis of both historical model simulations and observational surface temperature data, strongly suggests that anthropogenic warming is impacting the zonal mean temperature profile in a manner conducive to wave resonance and a consequent increase in persistent weather extremes in the boreal summer.
What this means is that the new study provides still more evidence that the Jet Stream’s north to south variance is increasing during summer. As a result, it is enabling powerful heat domes to form in regions where winds run from south to north. In regions where the upper level winds run from north to south, it creates cooler zones in which powerful storms can flood large swaths of countryside. In other words, increasingly juxtapposed zones of extreme temperature anomalies and higher atmospheric instability and moisture loading tend to form more and more often. And this results in weather patterns that we have never really seen before.
(An Inconvenient Sequel is a call for action on climate change like we’ve never seen before. And the imperative to act on climate is now stronger than it ever was.)
The fact that the Mann study uses observational and model assessments to find that such changes are likely to very likely now being caused by human-forced warming and related polar amplification is a highly significant scientific finding. It adds one more attribution tie to the extreme weather events that we’ve been seeing with increasing frequency. A tie directly to global warming. And it does so through model studies that identify the underlying physical mechanisms at work. It’s a pivotal moment in the atmospheric sciences. And everyone needs to sit up and pay attention.
Hat tip to Cate
Scientific hat tip to Dr Michael Mann
(Please support publicly-funded, non-special interest based science that is now under assault by the climate change denying Trump Administration)
by robertscribbler on March 30, 2017 • Permalink
Tagged climate change, Droughts, extreme weather, Floods, global warming, heatwaves, Human Hothouse, human warming, jet stream, mangled jet stream, polar amplification, storms
Posted by robertscribbler on March 30, 2017
https://robertscribbler.com/2017/03/30/a-halo-of-storms-and-heatwaves-new-study-confirms-that-global-warming-is-wrecking-the-northern-hemisphere-jet-stream/
Trump’s Attack on Clean Power Threatens Livable Climate, Public Health, and Hundreds of Thousands of Energy Jobs
The Fires of History Yet Rage — Climate Change and the Authoritarian Assault on Liberal Democracy
Good , the Cat 6 people are about to be over run by trolls. They change their whole thing Monday . I am asking the all the interesting people to come here .
You will be very busy.
Thanks, Bob. Been really kicking some serious troll butt here lately :). I hope the Cat 6 moderators step it up a bit. The trolls bring traffic, but it’s a Faustian bargain and the very valuable site is much better off without them.
It will be worth it . The thread will grow.
🙂 Gotta say I really appreciate you helping to hold the ship down. It’s an amazingly tough bit of work.
I am stuck on the the 7 percent law …………………..
Quoting 5. islander101010:
reports of widespread flooding eastern australia due to debbie. she was loaded with precip. a heavy one.
39 inches in 48 hours near landfall .
CBS reported our current system rained 9 inches in Louisiana yesterday.
The 7 percent law ain’t a hoax.
I have noticed over the years that when the deniers do, or say something really stupid, my Google news feed is full of “hoax reports” of an octopus being found in parking garages in Miami Beach, or hail stones the size of baseballs eating car windshields around Dallas. ( The cloud tops with this one were 40,000 to 50,000 feet this week )
One grows numb to the daily “tick-tock” , but having watched all this from an “observed event” point of view since B-17 broke off Antarctica , 17 years ago . I can say that the 7 percent law has us well, and truly by the short and curlies. I once set out to make list of this for one year , knowing that “extreme precpitation events” are one of the keystone predictions of the hypothesis. That year , a weak hurricane dumped 8 inches of rain in one hour in Vera Cruz.
But nothing touched this –
The Swat Valley –
I never saw a number on just how bad the rainfall was there , until this story from the Guardian . ” It was raining so hard, you couldn’t see a man standing in front of you ” …………..
” In more than 60 hours of non-stop torrential rainfall, the floods washed all that away. The north-west normally receives 500mm (20in) of rain in the month of July; over one five-day period 5,000mm fell. “It was incredible,” said Sameenullah Afridi, a local United Nations official. ”
That’s 196.8 inches of rain , 16 feet .
Here’s the whole thing…………………….
The Extreme Rain Events of 2010
By Colorado Bob
Here’s the key idea behind this new world , heat is looking a condenser. As It rises on water molecules of our ever hotter oceans , it does not care where that condenser is . Whether rushing to the poles , the top of the Hindu Kush , or 50,000 feet over Dallas. Once it finds that condenser , it drops it’s water taxi. And gravity takes over.
This is why old people don’t die in Fla. in the summer. We call it air conditioning. And water drips out of these machines.
@MichaelEMann holding his own at Lamar Smith's anti-climate-science committee meeting. https://t.co/PdLtpucF3P
— Robert Fanney (@robertscribbler) March 30, 2017
I watched it in disbelief. All I could think of was the inquisition of Galileo.
Mann IS the Man! SuperEarthMann, man! GO MANN! 🙂
miles h
read this earlier…. plankton and algal blooms in the arctic due to thinning ice. seems it could be good for the animals in increased food supplies to the food chain… or may also increase albedo due to colouring of ice?…. or…. well…. unforeseen consequences? who knows. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/arctic-sea-ice-melts-climate-change-global-warming-area-green-a7656876.html
Increases ocean acidification, increases ocean dead zones, reduces ice albedo = bad.
Robert A. Vella
Reblogged this on The Secular Jurist and commented:
The Arctic is not the Antarctic .
In the south , algae lives on the underside of the ice , and it is key to the life cycle of krill. Which is the keystone to the higher animals.
This new greening of Arctic sea ice idea. Is real crap shoot.
We just didn’t change the Arctic , we car bombed it.
Yeah. Fossil fuel burning really did screw things up there.
We are car bombing the Arctic.
That’s your a title for you .
That’s a good one. Will see if I can use it at some point soon if it’s OK with you, Bob.
I am lost old fool .
The “science advances one funeral at a time” quote has been attributed to Niels Bohr.
Tonight let us Madonna .
An entire idea one of the richest , most powerful women the world has ever seen.
I love this idea.
The End of the World. .
A better way to say it , The End of our World,
This is really significant news. Everyone who’s old enough can remember that the weather used to be different. The seasons have blended together, with pretty much any weather possible at any time of year. More extreme events and wild swings from cold to hot. It’s terrible news to know we’ve altered the once reliable and relatively stable weather of the Northern Hemisphere, but good to have confirmation of what I’ve suspected for a few years now.
Thanks for the thoughts, Ryan.
Putin serving as a mouth-piece for the climate change denial he helped elect to the U.S. Presidency:
https://ca.news.yahoo.com/putin-says-climate-change-not-caused-by-emissions-163229399.html
To Putin, we say:
Let’s be Very Clear — 100 Percent (or More) of Recent Warming was Caused By Humans https://t.co/g8we12KvVk pic.twitter.com/ofUeWHJ3IW
Wilson McKenna
Not coincidental timing I don’t think on Putin chiming in on denial about human induced emissions, as he is working in concert with Trump his buddy. Also important to continue to sell as much Russian oil as possible to make the oligarchs richer than they already are.
I agree. It jibes with an apparent set of active measures to suppress or confuse climate change discussion in social media.
+1. Terrific that AFP ran the story with little or no commentary on Putin being full of crap.
Robert E Prue
I’ve worked at the local nursing home here for 24 years. Over the years quite a few residents have mentioned how the weather has changed. Winter’s not like it was. This is how the dirty thirties started. When I first started working there, I didn’t pay much attention to it. I am now.
Thank you for your kind work, Robert. And thank you for sharing your thoughts here.
Glad they are talking about it, anyway. Denier voices would be popular there, so lots of BS to cut through.
Mark in OZ
Couple of Edward Abbey (isms)
1) “A patriot must always be ready to defend his country against his government.”
which leads (naturally) to:
2) “Society is like a stew. If you don’t stir it up every once in a while then a layer of scum floats to the top.”
I like.
Would like to mention, after no rain for about 9 weeks, it finally rained here Tuesday and Wednesday! My rain gauge measured a bit over 4 inches. Won’t have to worry about wildfires for awhile.
Record warm Gulf Stream is fueling into the storm pattern. The rain and storms that have come are notably back to intense. Worth noting that New Mexico is now suffering from flash drought. Both extremes of the hydrological scale represented — as we would tend to see with climate change.
In my part of NM we have had an unusually wet season so far. Everything is blooming like mad.
Trend identified both by the U.S. Drought Monitor and by state and local media: http://krqe.com/2017/03/29/new-mexico-hit-by-flash-drought-weather-phenomenon/
Northeast and central parts hit mostly by the present drying:
http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
West and SW of the state appear to not have yet been involved.
Yeah. Probably start having torrential rains. Same pattern as last year. Too warm and dry late winter then spring and summer way above normal rain. Weather has been weird, even for Kansas. Night time temperatures been really warmer than seasonal.
Andy_in_SD
Thanks for posting that trailer. I very much look forward to the movie, more so than ever now.
Gore has become very inspired and animated. He was once so mild-mannered. But he realizes how much is at stake and that it’s time to fight like hell.
Disappearing Zooplankton Could Collapse Arctic Food Chain
https://www.newsdeeply.com/arctic/articles/2017/03/29/on-thin-ice-disappearing-zooplankton-could-collapse-arctic-food-chain
It’s the velocity of changes. The life forms just can’t keep up.
Canada’s Melting Ice Caps Are a Big Driver of Rising Sea Levels
The Queen Elizabeth Islands’ glaciers – forming the third biggest contributor to sea-level rise after Antarctica and Greenland – are melting at a dramatically increasing rate. Journal author Romain Millan explains why it started happening in 2005.
https://www.newsdeeply.com/arctic/community/2017/03/09/canadas-melting-ice-caps-are-a-big-driver-of-rising-sea-levels
Thanks for this, Andy.
Rosemary Lowe
Except for blogs like this, most humans are not capable of understanding, or wanting to understand the ramifications of what we have done to Planet Earth. In the southwest the growing season is about a month earlier now. We have noticed that few, if any, cumulus congestus clouds rarely form here these days, which used to turn into the billowing cumulonimbus clouds, bringing us wonderful thunderstorms. Most of the cloud formations look very strange, and usually dissipate with the very strong, erratic winds we have most days.
Even here at 7,000+ ft. we are now seeing more desert- type plants, including more cacti each year. Very little rain. Unfortunately, livestock grazing continues, mostly unabated, which exacerbates the desertification process, despite the livestock industry’s claims of so-called “green ranching.” Nothing much is green anymore.
https://www.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-southwest
http://www.foranimals.org
Here in CT the seasons have been changing quite dramatically (and that’s really saying something because New England is known for its wild swings in temps/weather). And one thing I’ve noticed (albeit anecdotally) is that we’ve been having lots of days that are very windy and unsettled. I notice this more than most because I’m a carpenter who builds houses so I’m outside all day everyday, and many steps in the building process can be affected adversely by the wind (lifting walls, sheeting roofs, applying Tyvek, etc). For the first time EVER (and my boss has been doing this for 40 years) we had to end the day early because of excessive winds. And it seems like every day has some very strong and persistent winds.
labtekjen
Ryan… we were just discussing this in our abode two days ago! My person works in the tree business and like yourself endures the weather all day. He has been amazed at the increase in wind.
Agree. I’ve been noticing the extra wind here in east central Vermont as well. Not unusual to have 3-4 windy days in a row, 7 or 10 is something else.
Syd Bridges
I have worked up at 7700 feet in Colorado for five years. This winter has been extremely windy. Six tent platforms have been flipped and three of them destroyed in three different storms. I saw one platform flipped in the previous five years. One of our trailers was blown off its anchors. The repair man from the rental company told me that they had had far more trailers shifted this year than he had ever seen before. He said that many customers had told him that it was the windiest winter in Colorado in living memory.
FWIW, in Calgary, AB the published, official climate zone (I’m only aware of this from a gardening perspective – selecting plants hardy enough to tolerate the local climate) has gone from 3A 20 years ago to 4A or 4B (depending on source) now.
In zone 3A you need to expect a minimum winter temp of -40c. In 4B you need to plan for a minimum of -31c. Anecdotally I can say that this is reasonable – 20 years ago we always got a week or 2 of -40 weather. This year it didn’t drop below -30, same last year. But most people don’t notice – everybody now just thinks -26 is ‘really cold’ when 20 years ago -35 was ‘really cold’.
So true. Due to the mountains, we get those wild swings and Chinooks so you can’t say any one event can be 100% due to AGW, but yeah, winters are nicer than they used to be. The risks are there that you are now seeing stuck jet streams and slow-moving cut-off lows, like what happened in 2013 when a train of thunderstorms caused massive floods in both Calgary ($5B insurance) and Colorado.
earlosatrun
It also used to be a much drier cold in the Alberta winters. I thought the winters of Alberta were the worst on Earth, until I moved to Halifax and experienced a humid winter. That was decades ago. It’s not the heat, it’s the humidity – also applies to the cold.
It’s true. Even comparing a humid 5 C to a dry -5 C and the humid 5 C feels colder. But that extra humidity actually helps trap more warmth even as it transfers heat to ice and permafrost.
I get so frustrated when democrats say the left doesn’t have good candidates. They might be a little boring and logical but if Gore had won the world would be SOOOOOO much better today! I voted for Gore and mostly liked him.
Now he is the sanest voice on Earth and he carries it well.
Can Gore run again?
I agree. And the same goes for Hillary. It’s just that the opposition has been so good at making people feel negatively about democratic candidates. The same kind of demonization is now being targeted at Bernie and will be targeted at anyone who becomes a noted leader of dems in the future.
I’m not recriminating, but the best thing we could have done was put Bernie up for VP. I like Kain, but we needed something to unify the party with all the weaponized info coming at us.
He can definitely run again, no law against it, but I doubt that he will. Personally, I had the impression he didn’t really want to be President, in his heart of hearts, when he ran. MHO.
Maybe. But he seems to just be a pretty mild sort of guy. In my opinion, a reluctant president is far better than someone who just lusts for that power.
With what’s going on with climate change like the changing jet stream while conversely a new president in denial seems like that Seinfeld episode Bizaroworld, with two cafes, two sets of 3 guys that are opposite in personality. In this case we have all the information we need to conclude time is getting short to really do something substantial in regards to how we power the world while conversely the other café is offering denial pie, full steam ahead with coal, the pipeline, and as much FF as the US can muster. Please, someone make it stop. We don’t need Bizaroworld, we need RealityWorld. Face it, accept it and get busy doing as much as possible to avert full on disaster.
It’s absolutely nuts that we are doing the exact opposite of what we should be doing. It’s not just that Republicans are wrong, they are about as wrong as it is possible to be. Like you point out, it’s a bizarro world.
So back in a past life, I used to be a pretty moderate republican. I supported social justice — women’s rights (pro-choice) — and rational gun laws. I believed that markets could be helpful if they were allowed to operate under a reasonable set of rules that were neither too confining nor too liberating. I thought that a strong military could be used as a means to protect liberal democracies around the world and to help liberate people suffering from dictatorship — especially if western institutions could provide means for people to advance themselves and cooperate with liberally minded businesses to do so. I thought of the U.N. as an effective tool for giving the poor and down-trodden a voice in the world and to advance the causes of both freedom and equality. And I thought that most republicans believed in the kind of American exceptionalism that promoted these values, if they might disagree with me on methods.
Had we lived in another world, republicans like me would have stayed in the party. We would have celebrated Obamacare as an affirmation that moderate republican policies (as with Massachusetts under Mitt Romney) could help to expand coverage and help the poor. And we would have faced the issue of climate change by understanding that both private action — in the form of responsible businesses working to solve climate change — and public action — in the form of policies aimed at incentivizing both virtuous markets and consumption (efficiencies, renewables, cutting harmful consumption)– were necessary.
These republicans, or those like them, do not exist anymore for all practical purposes. They might be there, but they are very quiet — drowned out by the increasingly extreme and twisted views of the mainstream party. This is fed by a conservative media that panders to the baser instincts of republicans and feeds all of the worst animal spirits (sources like Fox News, Brietbart, Rush, Hannity and others).
But, occasionally, you’ll see the moderates step forward with something rational. Recently, 17 House republicans broke with the party on climate change denial and made this statement:
http://www.ucsusa.org/press/2017/republican-climate-resolution-shows-climate-change-bipartisan-issue#.WN6AEjvyvIU
But when you consider that there are more than 237 republicans in the House, these 17 are a pretty laughably small number. When combined with the 193 Democrats (who, in the vast majority, push for addressing climate change), you end up with 210 House members who are arguably concerned about climate change vs the 220 republicans who are arguably not. In percentage terms, this is a rough 48-52 pro-climate/anti-climate split. There may be more republicans concerned about climate change who are afraid to come forward due to political pressure from the likes of Fox News, Brietbart, or their misinformed republican bases back home.
If so, their broader silence on the issue is deafening. Furthermore, it is in no way close to the 97 to 99 percent (believe that climate change is a problem and is caused by humans) to 3 to 1 percent (who don’t) split among actual scientists (and it should be known that it’s really tough to get such a large group of scientists to agree on anything — they are incentivized to produce novel theories with support based on facts — in other words, if they can factually disrupt established science, they become famous giants in their field). There might be that many scientists that agree on how gravity works, for example.
On climate, the House doesn’t even come close to representing the American public — 63 percent of whom think we should do something about the problem. And, again, the weight of this failure falls on the republicans. And it’s not just that a majority of the republicans have anti-climate views — it’s coming from their leadership. For example, Lamar Smith this week put imminent climate scientist Michael Mann in what amounts to a Kangaroo House hearing that reminded many of the inquisition of Galileo. On the panel were 3 climate change deniers funded by the likes of Heartland. Mann faced off against Lamar Smith who often quoted Breitbart even as he denigrated objective scientific journals. The views of Smith and colleagues were more in line with the democracy-attacker kleptocrat and murderous dictator Vladimir Putin who this week claimed that climate change wasn’t caused by humans (an argument that Heartland and its agents have frequently disseminated). And the intimidation the panel perpetrated against Mann and, by extension, climate scientists across the U.S., sadly resonates with Putin’s tactics.
(After the election, I commented on twitter to George Takei that 17 intelligence agencies has found that Russia had intevened on Trump’s behalf by engaging in an information warfare attack on the U.S. election and that the mainstream media sources like NYT and WaPo were doing the right thing by covering this story. This guy [cloaking himself in the image of Jesus — which is about as amazingly perverse as one can get] responded to my comment by sending this, not so subtle, death threat.)
This is what has happened to the party that I was once a part of. It has been hollowed out to serve as a puppet for all of the worst kinds of anti-democratic activities. To suppress science and to engage in the modern equivalent of book burning by deleting established scientific data from public information service websites. And these dictatorial tendencies are now in the process of ripping the party apart as some of its constituents even seek to defend and cover up an ever more obvious attack on the U.S. election by the Russians and to obstruct an investigation into what appears to be a very obvious collusion by the Trump campaign (or at the very least an opportunistic capitalization by Trump on the active measures used by Russia’s 15,000 information warfare agents against the U.S. to harm and distort the U.S. electorate and electoral process). This is where we are today with regards to republicans — just as a good number of Whigs sympathized with the British during the revolution, the republicans today seem to, in good number, sympathize with Russian oppressors who seek to expand petrostate influence, deny climate change (and its all-too-obvious human source), and crush renewable energy expansion. And their methods of pursuing these goals which are a direct attack on Western democracies (these active measures continue today in the U.S., in France, in Germany, in Britain and in so many other places around the world).
This makes me ashamed that I ever voted for a republican. I swore, after the distortions the republican party perpetrated in an attempt to muddy the causes of the Great Recession, that I would never again vote republican. Now, my ire has risen to the point where I view the party as one whose leadership is often an enabler to foreign and corporate oppressors of the American people. Perhaps my opinion of the party could decline further — but only if they went to Russia en masse and trained directly at Putin’s intelligence services schools with the aim to better coordinate their efforts with a malicious foreign power. If outliers to the mainline republicans of today like Joe Scarborough or John McCain or Marco Rubio (who I disagree with in many ways but can still respect for their integrity in holding the values of America dear) did not still exist.
(If you wish, you can copy and paste this statement for dissemination to social media. I just ask that you attribute it to me [I’ve already gotten an implied death threat or two or three or more, so no worries there] and link back to this blog.)
Thank you for that wonderful and honest account of your past, Robert. It truly is astonishing what has happened to the Republican party is the span of my lifetime. They have devolved into an irrational, illogical, detached from reality anti-American cult that despises everything that has traditionally made America such a great nation. It’s as if they read 1984 as a how-to manual and agreed to go for it 100%.
Bare-knuckle capitalism, what the world would be like if Teddy Roosevelt (trust buster) and FDR hadn’t screwed it up for them. They bought us several decades, but now we’re going to have to do the heavy lifting.
Candidates to support:
James Thompson, running in Kansas to replace the new CIA Director, special election April 11.
Jon Ossoff, running in Georgia to replace the new Sec of Health, special election April 18.
Kathryn Allen, running in Utah (very tough) to oust the chair of the House Oversight Committee, Jason Chaffetz, in 2018.
Kim Weaver, running in Iowa to oust overt racist Steve King in 2018.
If you can chip in $5, please do so. Probably the single most effective thing you can do today to fight climate change.
Thanks for the list. I agree. And yeah, TR and FDR are both persons whom I greatly admire for what they achieved for us. They’re spinning in their graves at this point.
Keith Antonysen
Austraia’s Ambassador to the US; Hockey, suggests people go easy on Trump. Hockey had been Treasurer in the Abbott “government” from 2013. The Abbott extreme “government” were terrible in relation to climate change. A Green politician suggested that extreme weather is associated with use of fossil fuels a few days ago. Cyclone Debbie has done inordinate damage even after scaling down to a Tropical storm, through extreme precipitation. The Green was jumped upon by Turnbull and the Conservative media.
The Turnbull government are promoting the huge Carmichael coal mine and wish to use “clean coal”.
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/mar/30/joe-hockey-dont-be-too-harsh-on-donald-trump-its-early-days?CMP=soc_567
This is a common line used to tamp down rational resistance to political bad actors. ‘Give him a chance.’ Like that worked out the last time we gave one of these nuts a chance… It’s just an appeal to enablement.
Former FBI Agent Clint Watts testified to Senate Intel Committee on Russian petrostate interference in U.S. election and apparent coordination by Trump campaign yesterday. I think we’ve gotten well past the point of ‘give him a chance.’
https://t.co/2DogVeEu3P via @youtube
Epic flooding going on in Queensland and New South Wales in the wake of Cyclone Debbie. The Springbrook region, south of the Gold Coast, recorded 789mm of rain overnight.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/31/natural-disaster-zones-declared-in-new-south-wales-in-wake-of-cyclone-debbie
The flood prone city of Lismore in New South Wales finally completed it’s levee system in 2005 so that once and for all the city would be protected from the ravages of the region’s notoriously high levels of rainfall. But then last night happened…
unnaturalfx
A nice photo mosaic of arctic, life in the arctic : Today, the Arctic is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world, putting tremendous strain on its wildlife and people. There is currently no offshore oil and gas development in America’s Arctic Ocean. And for the sake of our warming world and irreplaceable species, there should never be. http://earthjustice.org/features/photo-essay-arctic?gclid=CjwKEAjw_PfGBRDW_sutqMbQsmMSJAAMpUapJ-aH-4bb2ox3HgRKgrU_T-3kNIqugpbXUtC4UsAr8BoCDlzw_wcB . Lets hope future generations can enjoy the beauty of the arctic . Some amazing pictures here . Enjoy .
Since the first Earth Day in 1970 the predictions are about 30 years sooner than originally predicted. This was the teach in with various presentations and I was in 10th grade. I paid attention because I did care about the environment. Well we Earthlings are now in totally unknown global warming acceleration with an administration with it’s head in the sand, (and elsewhere too). For those interested I recommend the book; “Hyperobjects; Philosophy and Ecology After the End of the World” by Timothy Morton. Viewing global warming as an hyperobject is one of the best explanations for how difficult it is to look at the big picture of the totality of the coming calamity. I feel so helpless to do anything to mitigate what’s going on these days. The weather here in the southwest, NM, is getting more extreme; either very dry or monstrous thunderstorms, but usually very dry. The drought is real and there’s just no model to predict what’s ahead for the US or the rest of the world for that matter. The insects have changed over the last 20 years,i.e. no more cicadas, new forms of flies etc. The arctic is rapidly disappearing, wildfires are raging somewhere, the ocean has floating plastic islands and is acidifying, fish are being depleted; yet people in power seem to care not. This blog has some of the best accurate information on the current events of the climate, thank you, Robert. The Ol’ Hippy.
Thanks so much for the comment and perspective here, John. It’s really tough to keep up these days, especially for those sensitive, generous spirits (like yourself) who are so vital to a healthy society.
The comment by the study’s authors that human survival depends on other life on Earth is so important to get people who don’t think climate change is a problem to understand. As urban populations have expanded, many people have lost that sense of connection with the rest of life.
Climate change: global reshuffle of wildlife will have huge impacts on humanity
Mass migration of species to cooler climes has profound implications for society, pushing disease-carrying insects, crop pests and crucial pollinators into new areas, says international team of scientists…
“Human survival, for urban and rural communities, depends on other life on Earth,” the experts write in their analysis published in the journal Science. “Climate change is impelling a universal redistribution of life on Earth.”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/mar/30/climate-change-global-reshuffle-of-wildlife-will-have-huge-impacts-on-humanity
Species can only migrate so far before there is no where to go , Thanks June .
Heartlands is pushing anti-climate science hard since Trump was elected. They are targeting Science Teachers with their dangerous garbage.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/heartland-institute-climate-pack_us_58db4c63e4b05463706323d4
Should be illegal. They’re probably doing it now because Trump Admin gives them carte blanche. Whoever said it would be good to have Trump so we could run opposition was seriously delusional.
Christina MacPherson
Reblogged this on nuclear-news.
Always enjoy reading your material Robert – thank you. Here in New Zealand we are also seeing the merging of seasons, increasingly mild winters, decreasing snow fall as well as flowers coming in to bloom at odd times with the north of the country getting much much warmer and getting a higher frequency of severe weather events! As you know there is a strong link between anthropogenic emissions and increasing temperatures (particularly in our oceans) – I am a strong believer that climate change is man made and that the need for huge change across nations is critically urgent. One of the biggest things influencing my thinking was the National Geographic documentary series ‘Years of Living Dangerously’ – A real eye opener for me in terms of not only the actual state of the planet but the powerful economic and political challenges that we unfortunately face as well. Great to see high profile movie stars getting involved and doing their bit though – that was promising.
The level of response is growing, which is encouraging. The politics has just ramped into insanity, though. We’re going through a tight spot at this time where old assumptions are starting to fall apart.
Another interesting fact,
http://newatlas.com/swarm-supersonic-plasma-jets-discovered/48633/?li_source=LI&li_medium=default-widget
Supersonic plasma jets discovered in Earth’s upper atmosphere
A few months after spotting a jet stream of molten iron in the Earth’s outer core, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Swarm satellites have found a similar system at work in the upper atmosphere. There, the electrical fields created through solar winds interacting with the planet’s magnetic field have been found to drive supersonic plasma jets, which can heat the ionosphere to temperatures as high as 10,000º C (18,032º F).
Consequences unforseen for geoengineering
I kind of think of it in this way — human-forced warming is spinning up the climate extremes. Add in geo-engineering and it throws everything out of whack. It’s like adding turbulence to a jet that’s already losing rivets and joints — likely to result in a tailspin.
The Fires of History Yet Rage — Climate Change and the Authoritarian Assault on Liberal Democracy | robertscribbler
Eco News Roundup: April 2, 2017 | BPI Campus
Two Days After Climate March 80 Million U.S. Residents are Under Threat of Severe Weather | robertscribbler
Record-Thin Sea Ice Faces Big Predicted Arctic Warm-up This Week | robertscribbler
A Halo of Storms and Heatwaves — New Study Confirms that Global Warming is Wrecking the Northern Hemisphere Jet Stream — robertscribbler – Online
This is the Climate Pattern Scientists Warned Us About — Wildfires Approach 8 Million Acres in U.S. During Summer of Extreme Western Heat, Severe Eastern Storms | robertscribbler
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Voted Off the Island
One of my readers sent me an article about the Church of Sweden. According to this article only about 15 percent of the members of this national church “believe in Jesus.” The question raised by this statistic is a vital one in a world where politics and religion become inextricably intertwined: what is Christianity and who decides? As the recent vote in New York permitting gay marriage (about time!) shows, many who identify themselves as Christians in America equate that religious outlook with conservative political views (even on issues the Bible says little about). It is what the believer says they “believe” that defines the religion. Ancient religions, as I have noted before, show that this outlook on devotional practice is not the only alternative.
Religions began as a matter of praxis—what people did rather than what they believed. What does an almighty deity gain from theological assent in the heads of believers? Is it a warm, fuzzy feeling or something more? Belief, a very strong motivating factor in humanity, is a psychological phenomenon, not a spiritual one. Many religious groups today are reluctant to accept that psychology covers the territory formerly covered by spirituality. Both phenomena (or the phenomenon) occur in the brain. If a brain does not assent to the typical belief structure, is it thereby deported from the gathering of a religious body? Many times in religious history that has been the case, but what do we say to the Church of Sweden? Kick out 85 percent of your members? I can see many unhappy, unemployed clergy in such a future.
What does it mean to be Christian? Is it to deny civil rights to anyone who differs in outlook or lifestyle from you? Is it sleepily to say “yea” when you wake up after a sermon? Or is it following the teachings of Jesus? The same one who once taught his followers to love those who differed from them, to turn the other cheek instead of proactively pulling out their handguns? It seems that in the modern furor to laid hold of claims of absolute righteousness humanity has somewhere fallen between the cracks. I’ve never been assaulted by a Swede, and I don’t recall, in recent years, Sweden invading other countries to further its economic fortunes. Could it be that, to paraphrase a religious thinker of antiquity, a Swede shall lead them?
This entry was posted in Bibliolatry, Current Events, Popular Culture, Posts, Religious Origins, Sects, Social Consciousness and tagged Christianity, Church of Sweden, gay marriage, Jesus, New York, psychology by Steve Wiggins. Bookmark the permalink.
2 thoughts on “Voted Off the Island”
Panama foundation on June 30, 2011 at 5:31 pm said:
For one thing half the churchs bishops signed a letter condemning it but the extraordinary decision-making structure of the Swedish church means they have no special voice in its decisions.The church is run by an assembly that is elected directly in theory by all its members. Before the last church assembly elections Mona Sahlin the leader of the Social Democrats announced that party members have as much of a duty to vote in these as in any other elections. So once the parties had decided in parliament that marriage should make no distinction between sexes in Swedish law the churchs agreement was almost certain.
Pingback: Honest to God | Sects and Violence in the Ancient World
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May 24, 2007 by Steve
Forty Years of GO Transit
Late last week, I did an interview for CBC in anticipation of GO’s 40th anniversary celebrated on May 23rd. A few clips were used on both TV and radio, but we covered a lot of territory that didn’t get on air. Hence, this post.
For a detailed history of GO’s many routes, including some ideas that never got off of the ground, please turn to the Transit Toronto website. My topic here is more “what might have been” and “what might still be”.
GO began in an era when the wisdom of expressway construction was under attack, and the first train ran fully four years before the Davis government would kill plans for the Spadina expressway (not to mention a network of other horrors that would follow). Clearly, someone understood the idea that just building more and more lanes had its limits and there were better ways to get people into downtown Toronto. It’s worth remembering this context. What we now call the 905 was largely rural, and there were still a few farms in outlying parts of Metropolitan Toronto.
The original Oakville-Pickering rail service was to be a short-term test, a trial to see whether running a regional rail service could forestall or even eliminate the need for capital investment in highway expansion. Suburban development was concentrated along the lake, although soon it would grow to the north, and the primary demand for commuter service was in that corridor.
Then, just as today, the battle between capital and operating budgets clouded the decision. Avoiding capital costs for new highways was a plus for GO Transit, but the ongoing operating losses of actually running the service was a burden Queen’s Park did not embrace happily. Over the years, GO has starved for funds not only to physically expand its reach, but also to operate the service. Like other provincial services, its cost was dumped on the municipal sector even though the savings in road expansion and maintenance accrued to Queen’s Park.
Today we are in a period of modest expansion, a lot of which is catch-up for years of disinvestment in public infrastructure. We have not yet seen anything on a regional scale to compare, for example, with the scope of Transit City for local services in Toronto. Many will laugh at me for saying this and claim that the Toronto plan is all dream and no substance, but it has one vital component missing from decades of plans for the Toronto region — a will to think of changing what transit does and how that can support changes in land use, development, the very feel of our neighbourhoods. Sadly, while there are hopes for redevelopment and intensification in the 416, much of the 905 is comparatively young and very strongly wedded to its existing development patterns. Change there is a decade away, at least.
GO Transit is still, predominantly, mired in the job of getting people into downtown Toronto. This is a worthwhile endeavour, but the problems in the suburbs and beyond are daunting. Unlike downtown, the 905 does not have a single point to which tens of thousands of commuters can be delivered in a few hours each morning, and then ferried back home again in the evening. In the 905, a GO bus running every 15 minutes is not going to make much of a dent in the modal split anywhere whether it’s on a reserved lane or not, but that’s what passes for service on the GO bus network.
I can’t help feeling that much of the busway planning and construction now in the works is little more than highway building in disguise. Busways are great for long-haul express services, but the middle of the 401 or 407 is hardly the place for a transit station. The very nature of highways sterilizes the land around them, and major nodes of employment or residential development will not be served by busways alone.
We hear a lot about the need for integrated fare systems and “seamless” travel across the GTA. One of our greatest failings is that much transit is still fragmented in the 905, and where services do integrate with GO, they serve primarily as an extension of the downtown commuter market. People cannot use GO to travel around the GTA if the service design is overwhelmingly based on getting people to work at King and Bay.
GO faces a crisis in feeding its services. The parking lots are full now, and who knows where more riders will stash their cars for a commute to downtown. Parking garages are expensive, and the entire park-and-ride scheme has negative long-term land-use problems. The very node one would want as a development centre is poisoned by a gigantic parking lot. (We have the same problem at suburban subway stations where provision of parking takes precedence over good bus service.)
For GO to double its ridership, as planned, extensive improvements to feeder bus networks will be required in the 905. Even then, the entire network will only carry about 400,000 daily trips. This is a large number, but small in the regional context.
Looking back at the early days of GO and the original plans for an extensive network, we can see how blinded planners and politicians were in studying the future. The GO-ALRT system has its proponents [please don’t write me long essays — I will not publish them unless you have something really useful to add to this discussion], but it was flawed at its heart.
There is a long history of our transportation plans and needs being highjacked or misdirected, and GO-ALRT was a classic example. On the premise that nothing could fill the place between a bus and a subway at reasonable cost, Queen’s Park set out to invent a new transit mode, to fill a “missing link” in the evolution of transit. [Yes, this is the point where we cue up the pitch for LRT and even for conventional commuter rail services.]
The GO-ALRT network was visionary in hoping to build regional infrastructure before the regions actually existed, but it foundered on the need for a new technology to be developed, perfected and implemented at reasonable cost. The first iteration, the maglev-based system, failed miserably and never made it past rudimentary testing. Years later we got the RT, but even that was early days for automated systems and we have been paying the price for its “new technology” ever since.
On the cost issue, GO-ALRT’s incarnation as the Scarborough RT failed miserably. Part of this was a question of accounting. Much if not all of the development losses were billed to the Scarborough project that acted as a funnel for Ontario money to pass into the crown agency developing the system. All the same, the reputation of a high-cost system stuck (the RT cost well over twice the estimate for the original LRT line in the same corridor) and once again transit was seen as “too expensive” an option.
If GO had set out simply to run a good regional transit system and to expand into new areas with available technology, the system might have grown far larger and far faster. However, available technology is rarely politically sexy with the possible exception of subway extensions.
GO commuter rail is the backbone of the system and it must be expanded aggressively. It’s ironic that after years of complaining that the railways screwed up GO’s operations, we are finally building additional tracks for GO trains, and one excuse for service quality and capacity will be whittled away.
But the rail service needs to become a truly bidirectional and all-day operation. Imagine if we shut down the subway after 8:00 pm and didn’t even run the Sheppard line on weekends. I’m sure someone can make an economic argument for this, and that’s the sort of thinking that keeps GO from becoming the regional equivalent of the subway system.
Bus services, both GO’s inter-regional express routes and the local services, need much improvement so that there is “something there” both to feed the rail lines and serve riders from them. Some inter-regional services may start off as heavy bus routes, but the option to upgrade to LRT needs to be kept in mind.
Services in the outer 416 need attention too. Already, we know that projected demand north of Finch Station on Yonge will outstrip bus capacity within a few decades at most, but nobody is making plans for anything more than platoons of buses pouring into Finch Station. Moreover, suburban TTC services must enable people to move easily around the city, not just to subway/RT terminals.
The fare structure needs serious review. Smart Cards will give us the technology for all sorts of complexity, but the underlying truth is that making it easy for people to move around by transit is going to cost a lot of money. Fares are not going to come close to covering the capital and operating budgets. We can spend years debating how to achieve “equity” or “fairness” in transit fares, and inevitably we will either make it punitively expensive to take a long trip (thereby discouraging the very people we want to move onto transit), or we will stick it to the loyal, local riders on the TTC in order to pay for suburban services. With the long decline in TTC service quality and the growing affluence of city-dwellers, especially in the old city, this is again not the sort of transit recipe we want to brew up.
Whether we go to a truly flat fare, or its equivalent, a fixed-cost pass with a system of major zones, we need to recognize that the cost of not building and running more transit is worse than the alternative. That was the original premise of GO: building and operating a commuter rail system was preferable to continued highway expansion.
We can have a region gridlocked in cars that won’t fit on its roads, or we can make massive investments in better transit.
Today, with GO at 40, I’m not convinced that the GTA is ready to embrace that vision. By the time GO reaches its 50th year, what will we have to show for it?
This entry was posted in A Grand Plan, GO Transit, Transit. Bookmark the permalink.
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28 thoughts on “Forty Years of GO Transit”
David Cavlovic | May 24, 2007 at 8:19 am
If GO were to operate all day train service (and single track should NOT be a hinderance, with the use of appropriate passing tracks, combined with actually operating more lines (say, along the CP corridor north of Davenport Rd, and even more aggressive service to, say, London and even Peterborough, has GO ever considered, or would it ever consider, using the type of Bombardier vehicle that OC Transpo in Ottawa uses for it’s O-Train? Essentially, it’s double-ended articulated vehicle whose trucks are more like that of an LRT. This vehicle, originally designed for a German system that went belly-up (Bauchen?), seems perfect for inter-city runs, much like what happens in Europe anyway. It is ironic, however, that its current use is entirely within a city boundary and barely 6km long.
Steve: The problem with starting a service with smaller equipment is that ridership grows and you have to run full-size trains at least in the peak period. There is no point in having two separate fleets, but yes, GO has artificially constrained its service territory when it could have expanded to Peterborough and at least Guelph years ago.
John Galeazza | May 24, 2007 at 8:33 am
Interesting thoughts. I’ve always felt that GO enabled sprawl type development in the 905 because of the parking lot moats that surrounded each station. Rather than building around each station (where it may even serve as a focal point for each community) and serve it with well planned out bus routes. Riders are expected, even told to drive to the station rather than take their local transit.
Many of the early stations seemed to have done this well. However with every new station on the GO system it seems that it is becoming an extension of our cars rather than our transit in general.
Kent | May 24, 2007 at 11:12 am
GO is the orphan of our transit system. Most of us like to pretend it’s not there.
Ned Carlson | May 24, 2007 at 12:36 pm
Just thought it’s worth mentioning that from what I’ve been able to pull apart, other than in the artists impressions, GO ALRT wasn’t truly so much a new mode, or some spin off of ICTS as a long haul subway with automation. There weren’t plans for LIM motors or anything weird, just high speed light vehicles with automated control. Still overpriced, but not so bad as what we got in Scarborough.
Steve: That’s correct. The original GO-ALRT was a lot closer to existing technologies even if the scheme for automated control did create the need for complete grade-separation and a sophistication of operation that was ahead of its time. It didn’t take long, however, for this basic idea to be highjacked by the technology gurus of maglev. At the same time, car-oriented planners moved from looking at line-haul systems to “personal rapid transit” with little cars spinning around the city on a network of guideways. We all know how far that went.
The single biggest problem with both politicians and professional planners is that they think in road/auto terms even when talking about transit. People use transit in a fundamentally different way, and road models just don’t work.
David Cavlovic | May 24, 2007 at 2:58 pm
Steve said :”The problem with starting a service with smaller equipment is that ridership grows and you have to run full-size trains at least in the peak period.”
The beauty of the Boambardier equipment in Ottawa is that it has the capacity of running as multiple units if necessesary, much like our old 4400’s and 4600’s. As for expansion, does GO still have dreams of operating train service to Niagara Falls?
Steve: The issue here is still that it is generally cheaper to leave longer trains running in the off peak than trying to build the lengths down and up again between them. If there were many potential “O Train” lines around Toronto, having a separate fleet for them might make sense, but my gut feeling is that we would have a small orphan fleet.
James | May 24, 2007 at 3:33 pm
To me, GO Transit is a service with lots of potential, very little of it realized. But, I don’t think that potential really lies in routes to far-flung areas, at least as a commuter line. Running train service to Peterborough or beyond is a way of ensuring new subdivisions sprouting up, where they have no business locating.
The key is better service the areas we’ve already built. Such new service needs to be accompanied by intensification of land use around GO stations, wherever practical, and by much better feeder service from local transit providers.
On the existing lines:
Nothing makes more sense than vastly improving Lakeshore service, which could easily be doubled in rush hour, and which should not run less than every 20 minutes mid-day and early evening.
Georgetown is next most ready for high-growth. Its already running limited day service, and could run at or above current levels on the Lakeshore line without much new subsidy.
The Richmond Hill line is all highly urbanized, along with Milton, Stouffville (which serves the new ‘downtown Markham’ and the southerly portion of the Bradford line, which connects to York U.
Only the northern fringes of the Bradford and Stouffville lines don’t yet justify massive investment. And as these areas are yet fully sprawled, I would prefer they don’t get it either.
All these lines can support full-day hourly service, and contra-flow service in rush hour.
The most important new GO lines are those could run east-west and link the suburbs to each other.
I think the MTO would have a heart attack at the thought, but I think the most sensible place for a line is right down the middle of the 401 linking Pickering GO Station on the Lakeshore line to 401/407 interchange in the west (possible connection down to the Milton line). Such a line would link Downtown Scarborough (such as it is), Downtown North York (Yonge subway), Yorkdale Mall/Spadina Subway)and the Airport.
It could also be used for interlining — Board a GO Train at Scarborough Centre, which using the Richmond Hill line ends up downtown.
After that the 407 route makes the most sense.
Finally, I think they could really use to build a spur off of the existing Bradford line so that they actually ran service into the campus, instead of having students have to take a shuttle from the line. The current line is 300 Metres from campus, about 450 from where the nearest buildings are on campus.
The above being completed would be a great way for GO to celebrate its 50th.
Michael Vanner | May 24, 2007 at 3:51 pm
My experience as a former 10 year GO veteran is that local transit (Newmarket) had a service that starts too late for many commuters in the morning and cuts off too early in the evening. Making matters worse is the fact that the density with 50′ or larger lots is such that transit isn’t very cost effective. My understanding is with YRT this hasn’t changed. Taxi service in the ‘burbs is expensive, so the alternative is walk, ride a bike or drive and park at the GO lot. As John noted the stations are not very inviting to pedestrians. Newmarket’s all but openly discourages foot traffic with signs threatening fines for taking the shortest route to the platform!
GO further excerbated the problem by assuming that Newmarket/Aurora patrons either wanted to go downtown (400 to Yorkdale or bus/train to Union) or to Yonge-Finch-York Mills via Yonge local service. The management at GO has no concept of express-limited-local service. Express being station to station non-stop, limited being a few stops and local stopping everywhere. And if GO is bad at this the YRT/VIVA service is worse.
I wouldn’t describe GO as an orphan, it’s more like the weird cousin with goofy ideas, that lives in the basement at his parents, is generally ignored and only shows up at meal time!
Robert Wightman | May 24, 2007 at 4:46 pm
A couple of comments about 40 years of GO.
1 Buses:
The 407 express bus service has been a remarkable success because it takes a group of riders where they want to go relatively quickly and conveniently. Most of its service is to post secondary educational institutes: McMaster University, Mohawk College, Sheridan Oakville, York University, Centennial College, Durham College and UOIT. These places provided semi captive riders and a demand that exists throughout the day, not just at rush hours. These institutions are connected to major GO terminals that make connections with trains, subways, SRT, and local bus service.
This is probably the most successful GO bus service and it is growing faster than most other GO services. An interesting thought is that the CNR Halton and York Subs parallel most of the route. I doubt that CN would ever let you run GO trains on it though. They would probably hire armed guards to keep people away from looking at it.
2 Shorter trains:
If you want to start with shorter trains DO NOT even think about introducing another type of rail vehicle. It is very easy to convert or build GO style double deckers that are diesel-electric multiple unit cars. On the 2500 series cars remove the three seats in side the doorways and place a 3 phase 575 volt diesel generator, about 250 to 300 hp. This would provide hotel power to run the existing heating/AC and lights. It would also provide power to traction motors in the truck at that end of the car.
If the service built up to the point where MU’s could not provide adequate service they could be converted into cab cars or coaches by removing the prime movers and traction motors. People seem to forget that when you run MU’s you add to the maintenance costs as there are now 24 prime movers and generators and 48 traction motors plus other ancillaries to maintain instead of one prime mover, one head end power unit and four traction motors in a new locomotive.
3 Land use:
GO can cause a change in land use if you will alter the zoning by-laws. Port credit had no high rise buildings in 1966 but it had just about all that it has now in 1969. Downtown Brampton is experiencing a rash of high rise construction because of the upcoming all day service. If you provide the correct zoning AND all day service, then you will get an increased building density. This will reduce the need for parking lots.
Another thing that helps is to provide better terminals that integrate with local transit. GO seems to be doing this in the 905 area but I bet land cost in Toronto plus the TTC reluctance to having its buses make major diversions to get to some stations will keep this from happening.
The new Mount Pleasant Station in west Brampton has provisions for 11 bus bays. It will be the terminal station when they finish the track upgrades through Brampton. There will be a major platform on a new track on the south side of the main. The north platform will only be used by the four afternoon trains that will go to Georgetown. If they zone this area for higher density it will be built but there are more amenities in the downtown than out at Mount Pleasant. There will also be a new platform built at Brampton on the south side for inbound GO trains and an extra track will be added from the junction with the Weston sub to just past Mt. Pleasant that according to the construction crews will be finished in 8 or 9 months.
One can only hope. Brampton is to grow by 50 000 people per year for the foreseeable future. There is no way that the road system can handle the existing traffic let alone the extra traffic that this growth will entail.
Andrew Cowles | May 24, 2007 at 9:22 pm
As a former resident of both the UK and Ottawa, I’d like to correct a few misconceptions presented in the thread.
First, the Bombardier Talent multiple units used in Ottawa aren’t allowed on railways where traditional heavy rail services operate. The O-Train line has derail switches at the end to prevent freight trains from entering the O-Train portion. Also, that particular trainset is used in several locations in Europe. How sucessfully, I don’t know. Bombardier equipment, in the UK anyway, has had a history of teething problems.
Most local and regional rail service in the UK is run with multiple units and quite sucessfully. Multiple units have many advantages over head end power system most notably redundancy and lower track loadings. The redundancy is a big one. How often do Subways trains end up dead on the tracks. It’s really not that common an occurance. A single prime mover on the other hand has one engine and one generator, if either fail you’re not moving that train for love nor money. In the UK the multiple units range from 1 to 4 or more cars in a set, each car is typically powered (faster acceleration) and usually they have an internal gangway all the way through the train, even between units although to achieve the later, the trains are very slab-fronted.
In the UK, multiple units can be assembled and dissassembled very rapidly. There used to be (and probably still are) services out of London Victoria that were divided enroute. First four cars for one destination, last eight for another. I suspect the big advantage was that two trains would travel through the most congested part of the system (i.e. closest to London) as a single unit. As I remember it, the time to seperate the units was less than 5 minutes. I also remember trains of varying lengths at different times. On some routes a four car train on sundays woudl be a twelve car train at rush hour. I believe that they would also reduce capacity during the day
Finally, as frequent YRT/VIVA rider (Finch – Markham) there are most definitely local, limited and express services available during rush hour. YRT still operates local services up Yonge and across Hwy 7. The VIVA system is limited stop (direct to Markham during the rush hours) and there are express services that don’t stop between Finch and Hwy 407/Leslie.
Joseph C | May 24, 2007 at 9:48 pm
I must Comment on Point #3 in the post by Robert W. since I lived in that exact area, Fletcher’s Meadow, for about 5-6 years before moving more centrally to Vaughan.
Downtown Brampton is losing the off site parking lot to a brand new 22-24 floor Condo on George Street. But there is still some across the tracks by Railway Street. Still, with better transit improvements and the new Mount Pleasant Station, no more Parking is necessary. Downtown Brampton has great potential but the small streets need to be converted to “one-way” system since currently George St and Nelson St are one lane roads that are in front of present or future high rises. Not to mention that it slows down Brampton Transit operations as well.
I clearly remember the brand new opening of the 11 bay bus terminal at Mount Pleasant station. Clearly it is a great addition to the brand new Fletcher’s Meadow neighborhood and a good point for buses to terminate. The current problem however is that the area is all farms. It’s probably the most peaceful GO Station setting on the Network. All you can see is rolling hills. As a result, all these buses are terminating at a GO Station and just that, no other purpose.
With the brand new (very well done) Chinguacousy Rd grade seperation, and the new Williams Parkway extension, the only at grade crossing between Brampton and Mount Pleasant station is at Mill St. (right beside Brampton Station). Hence, adding a new track will increase capacity AND speed. Very good to hear.
This will be a great step forward to a proper all-day service that will make GO more integrated with Brampton Transit as a supplement rather then an orphan.
This still won’t help the traffic problems because it’s the only line that cuts across the city diagonally. The north East and South West still remain devoid of transit.
“The O-Train line has derail switches at the end to prevent freight trains from entering the O-Train portion.”
The hilarious thing about the derail switches is that there is essentially nothing to derail. Maybe not on paper, but in practice, the line has been abandoned, with weeds growing over the unused portions ( and signals de-activated) north and south of the O-Train line. The only other user of this line is the Wakefield steam train in Gatineau (an absolutely fabulous dinner train for anyone thinking of visiting the area.
The flexibility of MU that Joseph C. points out is precisely my point, but Robert Wightman’s comment about not introducing new equipment is correct. Single-unit 2500’s are the kind of equipment that could be utilized. Alas, the idea of an orphan fleet would probably be true. If the province were really serious about GO, then there would also be lines across and above Toronto as a bypass, and, again, along with an expanded but interconnecting bus service, the scope of GO could go as far as Sarnia, Niagara-on-the-Lake/Windsor, North Bay, and heck, even Belleville. I know, dream on….
Karem Allen | May 25, 2007 at 11:33 am
There is a suggestion by David […] that GO should charge for parking instead of free parking. This would hopefully spur using local transit and force the local transit to beef up service but at the same time it re-inforces the shuttle to station and catering only to the train clientele. Something that bugs me at times as I arrive on a GO bus just as DRT are leaving because I am not worth waiting for it seems.
Ajax spread north instead of around the station. I see businesses come and go because they think the army of people that get off the train are going to flock to them because they are at the station, wrong. They just want to get home after a long day.
There should be residential right across from the station but it is car dealers down the road and others.
I still think LRT is the way to go and extend it all the way through Durham to the University.
I see pockets of attempts at higher density in Ajax and the first thing that happens is people complain about the traffic that will increase, no one thinks to demand that transit be better to accomodate the residents.
There’ll always be a transit gap in the GTA unless GO or someone else introduces services that lie between buses and the existing GO stock. Those existing bilevel cars are massive and it takes a crew of what 3 or 4 people to operate them. There’s no way they’d stand a hope of operating the kind of marginal services that are needed to fill the gaps without looking at something smaller, quicker and less crew-intensive (and if we could make it electric, that’d be sweet too).
The problem with smaller vehicles seems to be regulatory. As David pointed out, nothing uses the O-Train line except the O-Train, but they still had to put derail switches up. Regulations and poor planning (i.e. needless fiddling by various governing bodies) will doubtless prevent GO from reaching it’s full potential anytime soon. It’s a real shame, I know a number of people who’d abandon their cars for a GO train north in the morning.
With regard to the GO parking lots, if the system can get several hundred people to commute from a house in Newmarket to the GO station instead of downtown, that’s nothing to be sneezed at. Those cars in the parking lot represent a measurable reduction in energy and road use. As the outlying communities mature, densities will increase and transit will become more attractive, but until then, I don’t think we should be trying to get rid of the parking lots. Improve local transit yet, but let’s not shoot ourselves in the foot while we’re at it.
Brian | May 26, 2007 at 12:12 am
It would be very nice to see improved GO service to the outer parts of the city. We could really use something above the subway for long haul commutes, and I doubt the answer is rebuilding our subway network as a four track express/local system.
However, as it is now the subway is easily the superior choice for most travelling within the city. The TTC surface routes feed right into it and the trains run conveniently frequent throughout the day. With no routes serving it, except by accident, and trains running infrequently GO isn’t providing an alternative to the subway.
Mark Dowling | May 26, 2007 at 11:07 am
Don’t be afraid of another rail fleet – just make it big enough!
A DMU service should be a substantial order rather than five or ten, and used on route proving of new peak routes as well as providing off-peak/weekend service on the existing lines. GO could operate them or a shared fleet (separate branding but shared training/heavy maintenance) could be operated on behalf of GO, Grand River, Durham etc.
The O-Train Talents were intended to run light rail to Scarborough GO I understand, but given the death of the LRT some Ottawans are pressing for an expansion of the diesel service. We’re unlikely to see the Talents here any time soon.
If mixed traffic is a requirement then either single or bilevel Colorado Railcars are an option, perhaps as a joint order with other transit systems. If eventually GO can fill every route with 12+loco at minimum headways – sell them on to another burgeoning transit market, like Alberta or Vancouver Island.
As Steve said, we need more expansion – once Barrie is reopened we can’t rely on widening the existing lines but rather we should be looking at cross-radial routes like Kitchener-Hamilton, at bringing Peterborough back into passenger rail – perhaps by building a connection between Stouffville and Milliken if CP won’t go for direct running into downtown, and perhaps a connection between the Bradford and Richmond Hill lines to allow some Barrie trains to run into downtown that way to loop around.
In the next loco replacement phase, I’d like to see electrification pursued for GO if Ontario proceeds with expansion of low greenhouse gas power sources. If GO is going to be marketed as the greener way, burning diesel is not going to look consistent with that.
Robert Wightman | May 27, 2007 at 10:04 pm
Andrew Cowles said …
There’ll always be a transit gap in the GTA unless GO or someone else introduces services that lie between buses and the existing GO stock. Those existing bi-level cars are massive and it takes a crew of what 3 or 4 people to operate them. There’s no way they’d stand a hope of operating the kind of marginal services that are needed to fill the gaps without looking at something smaller, quicker and less crew-intensive (and if we could make it electric, that’d be sweet too).
Actually the crew for a ten car train is three people and it will be for 12 car trains also. A single diesel-electric bi-level car would require a crew of two and could carry 140 to 160 passengers depending seating arrangement. It is more cost effective to operate the same type of equipment than to introduce a new type of vehicle, especially one that will not be allowed to operate on track that has, or could possibly have, regular trains on it. The problem is the crash worthiness of the O-trains cars; they would not survive a crash with standard rail equipment.
I do not follow your claim that the O-Train is less crew intensive than a single GO bi-level. The crew requirements are basically for safety purposes, Main line trains operate with a two man crew and so could GO if they wanted too. They put a conductor in the cab car or locomotive so that there is a two person crew there in case something happens to the engineer and a second conductor to open and close the doors and put the wheel chair ramp into place. With a single, or even a two or three car DEMU train you could still work with a two man crew if the conductor rode in the front car where he could monitor the engineer.
Mark Dowling said …
As I said before I inquired about electrification when I worked for CN while at university in th late 60’s and was told that it would only happen if it was at 25 000 VAC and that just about every bridge over any rail line would have to be rebuilt because of inadequate clearances. I bet that still is a problem.
Also look at the capital cost to install the system; it would take a long time to recoup your investment, if it ever happens, in fuel savings. Electrification is nice, but not cost efficient for a relatively few trains a day. I believe that someone mentioned that there would be less pollution from electrification. I doubt if you could quantify this since most GO service runs in the peak when you have all of the peaking generating units running and they are almost all thermal units of some sort. Take the money that would be saved by NOT electrifying and build more GO lines to take more people out of their cars and you would have a much greater reduction in pollution.
Karem Allen said …
This is the main problem with existing zoning; it does not change to accommodate the existence of the GO trains. If you increased the density around the station then there would be local people to use those businesses that keep failing.
Mike Olivier | May 28, 2007 at 2:41 pm
Andrew Cowles said “I know a number of people who’d abandon their cars for a GO train north in the morning.”
There was a short lived northbound express GO Train service on the Stouffville line from Union to Milliken about 8-10 years ago. Basically a deadhead train on which they let passengers board.
I communicated with a guy who worked at IBM just north of Steeles and lived downtown who used the service.
But I lost track of which run it was and when it was discontinued. Given I hadn’t heard about this anywhere else, and I do take GO Lakeshore a couple times a month & read their newsletters, I assume GO didn’t advertise this service at all, and it died a low passenger count death.
I still think it’s a good idea in general to provide counter peak service, but timetables probably wouldn’t allow many stops. Given the dispersed landscape the suburban GO stations are located in, and the absence of double track on most non-Lakeshore GO lines, we probably won’t see it again anytime soon either.
Here’s hoping the GTTA will be able to see past their political masters to establish a true passenger vision of integrated GTA transit.
In response to Robert Wightman, the O-Train is crewed by a single person. That particular train does have the advantage of not having any barriers between the carriages just like the proposed new subway design so the driver can see back through the entire train if needed. Having any more than one person in the driving cab seems excessive. After all, shouldn’t the deadman be able to ensure that the driver is alert (there are active systems now available that will watch the drivers eyes to assess alertness) and automated systems should ensure that red lights aren’t run and speed limits followed. The French operate their TGVs with one person in the crew (although the TGV has a particularly advanced automated management system).
As for the comment about the O-Train not doing particularly well in a crash with heavy rail equipment, trains don’t do too well in crashes with anything; lighter or heavier. Generally the system should be designed to avoid collisions so I’m not certain that that arguement should carry as much weight as it does.
As for electrification, Robert’s quite right, it really doesn’t make a lot of sense for infrequent service. It might make sense on the lakeshore line given it’s once per hour or better service. The big advantages would be better acceleration (shorter headways), the ability to recoup the kinetic energy of the train, and lower equipment weight and cost. After all, with a diesel locomotive you’re buying an electic train and a million dollar generator set. A lot is dependant upon the prices of electricity and diesel, but if the operator could lock in a good contract for electricity (i.e. something close to the cost of nuclear power) the numbers might look acceptable. It would also allow the motors to be distributed throughout the trainset for better adhesion and improved reliability.
As to Mike’s comment: I knew about that train, but I lived at Main Go Station at the time and, while that train ran through Main, you had to catch it at Union. Also, it took an hour to get to Markham I think and when it got there it didn’t go to the station near highway 7, the main east-west drag, it went to the station north of town. I wasn’t too surprised that it was cancelled. A proper northbound AM service would likely require stops within Toronto like the oft-talked about Eglinton GO station on the Richmond Hill line. It wouldn’t take too many passing points to set up a decent two way service. It does take proper management to ensure that the trains arrive at the passing point on time. This was the most surprising acheivement of the O-Train, they seemed to be really good at getting the train to the passing point in the middle without too much fuss.
As for the comment about the O-Train not doing particularly well in a crash with heavy rail equipment, trains don’t do too well in crashes with anything; lighter or heavier. Generally the system should be designed to avoid collisions so I’m not certain that that argument should carry as much weight as it does.
The O-Train operates on its own (at its time of operation) line. It cannot be on a line with heavy rail equipment because of safety regulations. These are not going to go away because you don’t think they are valid. ON existing rail lines you are going to have to have two man crews for train protection. (I know it is antiquated.) The vehicle has, I believe, two sections joined by an articulation, not separate carriages. If you couple two together you cannot walk between cars. Its single vehicle capacity is less or about the same as a single GO bi-level car from which you can walk to another car in the train so what is the O-Train advantage?
Dead man pedals do not always work, just watch the train wrecks on Discovery Channel. You will NOT have an automated operating or even a cab signal system for quite a while, especially on something like the Havelock sub (Peterborough line.) Rail vehicles, especially passenger equipment, have to have buffer strength to withstand a collision. If you submitted an O-Train to that loading it would be crushed like an accordion. You may think that the rules are stupid but that will not change them. Why would you want to put an articulation joint in a vehicle that does not need it to meet any operating requirements like tight curves when they run on a main line railway?
I think too many people are on an LRT is the answer to every transit problem when it is not. I don’t think anyone would want to ride an O-Train or a Bombardier Flexiswift car to Peterborough. Even a GO train with its existing seating might be pushing it but at least it has a washroom. I think that the O-Trains are cute and have there place but it isn’t on GO trains. Perhaps if you wanted to run from Cambridge up to Kitchener-Waterloo and then to Waterloo and Laurier Universities then I think that they would be great. If you keep pushing an unsuitable mode then people are going to ignore you, or worse, ignore the legitimate need for the appropriate service. We cannot appear to be trolley freaks.
I know that I am opinionated and possibly even arrogant on this but I believe that your arguments will hurt the chances of getting better service. If you have DEMU GO bi-levels these could be attached to the end of existing GO trains, say to Burlington or Georgetown, and then the end units could uncouple and continue on while the rest of the train returned to Union. Or at Milliken you could join up a section or train from Stouffville with one from Peterborough. I don’t think that you could do this with O-Trains. Repeating my rationale:
– You have only one type of equipment even if some are DEMU and some are locomotive hauled.
– You have a smaller parts inventory.
– You have a better and more comfortable vehicle for the distances involved.
– It has a better chance of happening.
Keep up the fight for better transit and don’t let opinionated b*st*rds like me put you down. I appreciate your zeal and arguments even if I don’t always agree with your choices.
R. Wightman
Michael Vanner | May 29, 2007 at 12:34 pm
“I think too many people are on an LRT is the answer to every transit problem when it is not. I don’t think anyone would want to ride an O-Train or a Bombardier Flexiswift car to Peterborough. Even a GO train with its existing seating might be pushing it but at least it has a washroom.”
Robert well put! The seats on the GO train seem mighty uncomfortable on the Bradford run after about 45 minutes! With Newmarket, Green Lane and Bradford over an hour from Union I couldn’t fathom what the trip to Barrie or Peterborough would be like!
(I’ve heard the VIVA buses aren’t like the GO buses for seating either. The VIVA Blue to Newmarket must be a real joy too!)
We certainly don’t want to confirm the suspicion/accusation that we are some sort of “trolley freak foamers”. I think Steve has said it many times, the right mode in the right place!
Steve: Please don’t blow my cover! What I really want is a nice spur track from Broadview Station down the lane to my street, a private car with lots of wood panelling and stained glass, a full galley and bar, and an LRT network everywhere to run it on. This is my secret plan.
I’m not trying to advocate O-Trains for all, just trying to point out that there are alternatives that aren’t fully realized on this continent. I chose the O-Train because it’s fairly local and people are obviously familiar with it. An ideal commuter system would be slab-fronted to allow gangways like the electric trainsets used by the MTA which are essentially above ground subways with nicer seats and a bar car (maybe that could be another thread). As I understand it, the O-Train is not LRT, it’s standard european rail for lightly trafficked lines and it does have a washroom, it’s just locked and un-advertised. So, really it has a washroom shaped block taking up seats. Good thing it’s only a 15 minute trip.
Right mode at the right time is definitely the order of the day and if I could get a train north in the morning I wouldn’t care if it was a GO train, the O-Train or something never before seen just as long as it was reliable, cost-effect and reasonably comfortable. My feeling is that we’re a long way from realizing that goal, let alone Steve’s private car. This week’s announcement that the GTTA has no business in roads was another indication that our Governments still need to be educated about how best to provide the means for people to move themselves around. Take a look at Transport for London’s mandate to see an alternate method of running local transportation.
The talk in the thread about running trains to Peterbrough brings up another issue – at what point should VIA be contributing to the solution. Greyhound seem to be doing their part to get people out of cars, but the publicly run agencies need to get their act together and come up with better integrated service quickly. Traffic’s not getting any better and as the Condos go up in Markham the problem’s only going to get worse. We need a solution for trips between 10 and 50 km that’s significantly quicker than the existing bus service. Heck, I can bike the 20k to my office in Markham in the same time as the bus. The region needs whatever will make 40 km/h average trips a reality. That’s the only thing that’ll get people out of their cars.
(oh, in my opinion, the VIVA seats are better than those on the “little” GO buses they replaced, just not as good as the coaches)
A few thoughts about future GO Transit lines and equipment:
Most people want GO transit to extend beyond its current termini, mostly to Barrie (in the works), Peterborough, Guelph/Kitchener, Bradford, Niagara(?) and what about Galt/Cambridge.
The lines to Barrie (Newmarket Sub CN), Stouffville (Uxbridge Sub CN) and Peterborough (Havelock Sub CP) need major track work, especially the Havelock Sub as it is restricted to about 10 or 15 mph and they all run on OCS (train order) for most of their length. You cannot run faster or more frequent service without a major expenditure on track, passing sidings and signalling. If you want to run to Galt (it has a very poor bus connection to Toronto) you would probably have to double track the CP Galt Sub from Guelph Junction (Campbellville) to Galt (Cambridge). The Georgetown line is restricted to 60 mph for passenger service or less for most of its run but the station spacing probably prevent faster running anyways except on express services. This line is getting a major upgrade to allow hourly off peak service soon.
Via runs some commuter type intercity service from Stratford, London via Brantford and Niagara in the morning but the cost and the equipment are not conducive to attracting more passengers. The Via train through Brampton can take up to eight minutes to unload and load. This is because of the nineteenth century style coaches with a single vestibule, high steps, and archaic ticketing procedure. I believe that this is the biggest problem with Via: their dumb end loading, one passenger at a time through a single vestibule. They should convert to GO bi-levels and change their ticketing so they could get into and out of stations in 80 seconds not 8 minutes. The GO bi-levels are the only main line passenger equipment which meets ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) requirements for handicapped passenger with out the requirement of extra equipment like a front end loader for wheelchairs.
If these services were run by GO with a bi-level DEMU cars that had improved seating for at least part of the car, (reclining seat that were in pairs facing the middle of the train from each end and not groups of four), then they would load faster carry more people for the same number of cars and be more attractive because of their reduced costs and running times. They would need automated knuckle couplers that could connect to an existing GO car and make air, communications and MU connections. They would not need to make the hotel power 575 vac connections as they would have their own power supply. The trains that they connect to in the peak should then run express for most of their trip into Toronto Union. Go used to run a train to Guelph but its loadings were about the equivalent of two or three buses and then Harris came along so they were withdrawn. CN used to run RDC trains that went up to Stratford and then split into sections that took off in different directions. The idea is not new; it just needs to be updated.
I believe the biggest problem that needs to be overcome with the idea of MU cars is the memories of the maintenance problems with the RDC’s. Their hydraulic transmission became real maintenance nightmares as they were getting the crap beat out of them by high speed running on jointed rail. With Diesel Electric Multiple Unit most of these problems would go away. The RDC’s also had only one powered axle per truck so that they would have less than 45 tons per car on the drivers. In the old days this allowed them to run without a fireman. Did you ever wonder why the GE 44 ton locomotive was so popular? I think that if Bombardier built a couple of these as demos they could build up a demand for them. Has anyone seen the Colorado Rail Diesel Car? It looks like a locomotive with a space for a few passengers in the back.
As an historical footnote the original GO single levels were modified TTC H1 subway cars. They had the same windows, side panels design and trucks except for gauge. The trucks even had the mounting holes for traction motors and there was a conduit and supports up to the roof over one truck for a pantograph. It cost almost nothing to put these in and probably would have cost money to change the truck design. The cab cars had the cab in the right front door where it blocked half of the stairs and delayed loading and unloading from that side. The CN Tempo cars were of a similar design and had their electrical connectors converted to match GO’s so they could use GO cars and locomotives on weekends. I rode them to Windsor and back a couple of times and they rode like a subway car. It was not a pleasant experience.
The GO self propelled cars had a couple of major problems.
They only had one 330 hp Rolls Royce diesel engine that powered both axles of one truck. (The 44 ton rule).
They were grossly underpowered and if one engine died the train could not limp home easily with the other car pushing it. RDC’s had two engines (except the cabless 9’s) and always had enough power to get home.
They did not have enough of them. They only built 9 (3 single cabs facing east, 3 facing west, one extra single cab and 2 with double cabs,) and they planned on running three 2 car trains with 3 spare cars but the demand soon out stripped the capabilities of the 9 cars.
They only had 4 position controllers like the RDC’s instead of the standard 8 on most locomotives but they had a standard locomotive controller with the last 4 positions blocked off. By 1969 GO was modifying these cars to be cab cars by taking out the prime movers and transmission and putting in standard 575 vac heating, cooling and lighting.
I believe that GO still has a corporate memory of the problems with self propelled cars and does not want to look there again. The other problem is that every DEMU coach would need to be fuelled, sanded and serviced every day instead of once or twice a week as happens now. They are cleaned daily though. Servicing one is as much work as servicing a locomotive though the fueling would not take as long.
John Galeazza | June 1, 2007 at 12:12 pm
Andrew said
Exactly what I was thinking. With all this talk of lines to Barrie/Niagara/etc. At what point does VIA take over from GO’s Role as an inter-regional transit system. Will we be extending the Guelph line out to London, how about the Lakeshore East line to Kingston? At some point the idea becomes absurd.
Steve: I am amazed that anyone thinks that Via will ever come to the table with anything serious by way of substantial service improvements. Ottawa hasn’t cared about anything but airports for decades, and passenger rail service is a shadow of its former self. Moreover, there is always a conflict between those who dream of a return to the days of long-haul passenger service complete with sleepers and dining cars, and those who just want frequent, fast intercity service.
Frankly, I would rather see GO expand its service, but let’s concentrate on the core of the system before we start running trains to London. It would be amusing to see the GTTA forced to expand rail service into what might be thought of the GTTA suburbs at the expense of core services. Sort of like what happened to the old City of Toronto.
Dan Garcia | June 1, 2007 at 5:45 pm
Robert, a couple of corrections about the history of the Hawker-Siddeley cars…
First off, they were not identical to TTC’s H-series subway cars. Identical construction method, yes, but different in every other way.
I’m not sure how you found that the self-propelled cars were “grossly underpowered”, but they had more horsepower than an RDC and weighed about 25% less. Their major shortcoming was the lack of reliability of the Rolls Royce powerplant, and that’s why they were stripped of their engines.
The reason why they have refused to look seriously at DMU/DEMU’s is because of the regulatory headaches that they can be. Any piece of equipment with a traction motor is regarded to be a locomotive, as right or as wrong as the regulations may be. That means more stringent crashworthiness standards, and mandatory 92 day inspections. With a big fleet of self-propelled equipment, that’s a lot of switching that has to be done.
Toronto, Ont.
Mark Dowling | June 2, 2007 at 12:56 pm
From an urban planning point of view I’m not sure it’s appropriate to encourage VIA as a commuter service. That’s a reality at present but from a sustainability point of view hardly good. VIA’s Renaissance cars are not disabled friendly because they were bought second hand from Eurostar rather than constructed new and adaptation was not specified before delivery.
Ontario may have to step up with funding if VIA service in this province, including high speed service to Ottawa and Montreal, is to improve, just as Ottawa has grudgingly funded metro and regional transit.
Robert Wightman | June 2, 2007 at 8:51 pm
Dan Garcia said …
1 First off, they were not identical to TTC’s H-series subway cars. Identical construction method, yes, but different in every other way.
2 I’m not sure how you found that the self-propelled cars were “grossly underpowered”, but they had more horsepower than an RDC and weighed about 25% less. Their major shortcoming was the lack of reliability of the Rolls Royce powerplant, and that’s why they were stripped of their engines.
3 The reason why they have refused to look seriously at DMU/DEMU’s is because of the regulatory headaches that they can be. Any piece of equipment with a traction motor is regarded to be a locomotive, as right or as wrong as the regulations may be. That means more stringent crashworthiness standards, and mandatory 92 day inspections. With a big fleet of self-propelled equipment, that’s a lot of switching that has to be done.
In reply to you points which I have numbered for clarity:
1 I did not say identical but modified. They had the same trucks (but different gauge and no traction motors), the same windows, the same style side panels inside and out, and the same Vapor door control mechanisms with the addition of a third button to control the local door. If Go had been a bust after three years the province would have re-cycled the trucks, the window, the inside and outside wall panels and the door control mechanisms into “new” subway cars. The TTC would not have been in any position to protest as the province paid a hefty portion of capital costs back then. While at university in the late 60’s I worked at CN in “Motive Power and Car Equipment” and saw the construction specs and blue prints of the GO cars and the TTC H1’s. They had a hell of a lot in common.
2 The Rolls-Royce engine was more powerful than the RDC’s GM tank engine, 330 HP vs 275 HP, but the RDC’s had two and the GO SP’s had only one so 550 HP vs 330 hp. If you take into consideration the weight differential the RDC still had about 25% more HP per pound than a GO SP. With a single engine the reliability is even a bigger problem than if you had two engines. I also believe that the hydraulic torque converters on the GO equipment were not very efficient and not much HP got to the wheels, especially at low speeds. Reliability was one reason that they were stripped of their engines; the fact that they needed to run at least six car trains to handle most off peak loads was another. There was not any need for short trains.
3 I forgot about the 92 day (quarterly) inspections; it just adds to the high maintenance costs that I was talking about. I am not sure about the crashworthiness difference, but is it any different for an RDC than a GO cab car? I seem to remember that the cab cars had to have extra bumper posts attached to the car sills to protect the engineman and passengers from a collision.
Jordan Kerim | June 3, 2007 at 10:36 pm
When I first discovered GO ALRT in the early-mid 1990s I thought that I had discovered something amazing. “Wow!” I thought “If only it had been built”. But upon further examination I discovered that the GO ALRT cars from the original October 1982 announcement looked almost EXACTLY like the ICTS cars for the Scarborough RT.
Then in 1983 they were increased in length with one unit consisting of a married pair of two cars with an articulated walkway.
Then the unit was redesigned again in 1984, it was even longer and the front end was redesigned — I assume to keep people from thinking that it was a LIM ICTS.
Then it was redesigned again in 1985, this time with each car being the length of a LRC car with the front ends redesigned again (approx).
To sum it up I can only assume that the engineers at UTDC and civil engineers and urban planners doing the reports could only assume that more carrying capacity was needed.
Interesting note: in early 1982 before GO ALRT was announced there was a report released outlining the options being considered for system expansion, these options included:
using existing diesel electrics hauling the then new bi-levels,
acquiring electric locomotives and installing overhead catenary,
now this option really stirs my imagination: electric multiple unit cars based on the bi-level design and
the UTDC ICTS ALRT.
Considering that the length of the GO ALRT cars kept increasing every year, one has to wonder what they were really up to. I mean, if they wanted to go with something fancy why not just go with the EMU bi-levels with regular tracks, catenary and no automation?
Surely Bill Davis and James Snow knew that they were leading the province to bankruptcy. I mean between the extremely flawed GO URBAN maglev, allowing TTC subway construction to halt in the late 70s early 80s and the large sums of money wasted on the UTDC, you have to admit that something was awry.
Only now is Ontario starting to recover from the foolish spending and urban planning policy of those post war governments who bought into the suburban and modernism dream, allowing socially unstable public housing projects to go up and give the go ahead for faceless suburban neiborhoods (that were then divided by eight lane arterials and sixteen lane freeways).
I know you feel unoptimistic about the future of GO Transit Steve but don’t lose hope. A new generation of professionals are making their way to the scene, yes the echo baby boomers. And having been born into the world when the home pc came about and the internet shortly after, we’re more than capable of navigating the web to make better informed decisions so that some day we can rise into the ranks of power and elect a premeier and mayor that will stand up for transit and proven transit technology and not some toy train pulled by a magnet.
Jordan Kerim
Tim | May 15, 2008 at 12:50 am
Can you help me with some information?
GO Transit – Single level cars? What are they? Who built them, etc.?
Thanks. Tim
Steve: They were built by Hawker-Siddeley (the same plant that is now owned by Bombardier and produces the bilevels) and their look externally was similar to Toronto subway cars.
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Justia Patents Stabilized Enzymes Or Enzymes Complexed With Nonenzyme (e.g., Liposomes, Etc.)US Patent Application for OPTIMISED SUBCUTANEOUS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS Patent Application (Application #20150086524)
OPTIMISED SUBCUTANEOUS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Apr 16, 2013 - CANTAB BIOPHARMACEUTICALS PATENTS LIMITED
Methods and dosage formulations are provided for subcutaneous administration in which therapeutic agents are modified to increase the hydrophilicity and molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent, in which the Cmax:Caverage ratio is lower than the Cmax:Caverage ratio of the agent when delivered intravenously.
Latest CANTAB BIOPHARMACEUTICALS PATENTS LIMITED Patents:
Pharmaceutical Formulations of PEGylated Liposomes and Blood Coagulation Factors
CONJUGATED BLOOD COAGULATION FACTOR VIII
CONJUGATED BLOOD COAGULATION FACTOR VIIA
Skip to: Description · Claims · Patent History · Patent History
The present invention relates to the subcutaneous delivery of therapeutic agents, as well as the modifications of such agents to render them suitable for subcutaneous delivery.
Many hydrophobic (lipophilic) molecules are used in the treatment of infection, disease and disorders. Lipophilic molecules are generally administered directly into the bloodstream of a patient, in order to ensure rapid delivery to the site of the infection, disease etc. However, the half life and/or bioavailability of such molecules may be sub-optimised. Disadvantages of intravenous administration include local and general reactions to the delivery of relatively large amounts of agent into a patient and the inconvenience of intravenous administration.
The present inventors have surprisingly found that modifying a therapeutic agent, and thereby increasing the hydrophilicity and the molecular dimensions of the agent, results in the inability of such an agent to directly enter the vascular system. However, the modified agent still becomes bioavailable due to its ability to enter the circulatory system of a patient via the aqueous lymphatic system. The modification is chosen in order to reduce surface adherence of the therapeutic agent to the connective tissues and to increase its solubility in tissue fluid. The modified therapeutic agents of the present invention are particularly useful when they are delivered to the subcutaneous space, since they are too large to enter the vascular system directly from the subcutaneous space and therefore are transported around the body by the lymphatic system, entering the circulatory system via the thoracic duct (right lymphatic duct and subclavian veins). This surprisingly results in a predictable, steady infusion of the agent into the circulatory system of the patient. Accordingly, the present invention is concerned with the subcutaneous delivery of a modified agent, in order to render the effect of the modified agent more predictable in its longevity, infusion rate and elimination rate and thus duration of effect. This is achieved by causing the agent to be more hydrophilic and modifying its molecular dimensions such that upon subcutaneous delivery to the patient, the modified agent is unable to pass through the blood vessel walls to enter the blood stream but is transported by interstitial fluid such that it enters the lymphatic system. This results in a controlled, predictable release into the vascular system, from the lymphatic system. It removes the need to consider the level of vascularisation around a site of delivery as discussed below.
The invention can be applied to peptides, biomolecules, including all blood factors, hormones, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and some small molecules. Any suitable modification can be used that does not interfere with the therapeutic effect of the molecule, and that increases the hydrophilicity and, modifies its molecular dimensions (which may include molecular weight, or the physical size of the modified agent) to ensure that it cannot directly enter the vasculature without first passing into the subclavian vein via the lymphatic system at the thoracic duct. The chosen modification may have the concomitant effect of regulating the elimination of the agent from the body (by excretion, digestion, immunologic attack or other means) such that the rate of infusion and rate of elimination of the agent are “balanced” for an optimal therapeutic effect.
Examples of suitable modifications include the conjugation of the agent with a polymer, suitably a biocompatible polymer, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly-phosphatidyl choline (PC), polypropylene glycol (PPG), copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyoxyethylated polyol, polyolefinic alcohol, polyhydroxyalkylmethacrylate, polysaccharides, poly α-hydroxy acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphosphosphasphazene, poly N-acryloylmorpholine, polyalkyene oxide polymers, polymaleic acid, poly DL-alanine, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, starch or starch derivatives, hyaluronic acid, chitin, polymethacrylates, polysialic acid (PSA), polyhydroxy alkanoates, poly amino acids and combinations thereof. The biocompatible polymer may have a linear or branched structure.
Other examples of biocompatible polymers are a protein selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins including monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments for example; single-domain antibodies, VL, VH, Fab, F(ab′)2, Fab′, Fab3, scFv, di-scFv, sdAb, Fc and combinations thereof.
Other methods of modifying the therapeutic agent might be through the use of fusion proteins; incorporation into vesicular delivery vehicles such as liposomes, transfersomes or micelles; incorporation into/attachment to dendrimers; formation of oligomer complexes of the agent. The chosen modification may have the concomitant effect of regulating the elimination of the agent from the body (by excretion, digestion, immunologic attack or other means) such that the rate of infusion and rate of elimination of the agent are “balanced” for an optimal therapeutic effect.
Once delivered to the subcutaneous space the modified agent thus located is able to be transported via the lymphatic system to infuse into the vascular system via the subclavian veins, after which such modifications also control the elimination of the agent from the body in such a way that the ratio of infusion rate from the subcutaneous space into the circulation to elimination rate of the drug product from the body may be balanced and controlled in a manner to optimise the therapeutic efficiency and effectiveness of the modified agent.
An example of therapeutic agents that may be modified for subcutaneous delivery in this way include blood coagulation factors. The blood coagulation cascade involves a number of different proteins which variously serve to activate each other and promote the formation of a blood clot and maintain healthy haemostasis. In some embodiments, the blood coagulation factor to be modified in accordance with the invention is selected from the group consisting of Factor VII, Factor VIIa, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C. In some embodiments the blood coagulation factor is suitably Factor VII, Factor VIII or Factor IX.
An example of therapeutic agents to which the invention relates includes, blood coagulation Factor VII (herein referred to as FVII), which is a 53,000 Dalton (Da), glycosylated, Vitamin K dependent, single-chain zymogen, containing 12 native disulphide bonds (O'Hara et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 5158-5162 (1987)). The protein is predominantly produced in the liver. FVII is involved in the extrinsic blood clotting cascade (FIG. 1). The protein is organised into four discrete domains: an N-terminal γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) domain, two epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domains and a C-terminal serine protease domain. The circulating zymogen shows very little protease activity in the absence of its cofactor tissue factor (TF) which is found in the vascular subendothelium. Following vascular damage, FVII binds to TF with high affinity and is converted to the active, two-chain enzyme FVIIa by specific cleavage of the peptide bond between arginine 152 and isoleucine 153. The FVIIa light-chain is composed of the N-terminal Gla and EGF-like domains and the heavy-chain is composed of the serine protease domain. The heavy and light chains are held together by a single disulphide bond between cysteine 135 and cysteine 262. Once activated, FVIIa rapidly catalyses the conversion of FX to FXa and FIX to FIXa. FXa then forms a complex with FVa to cleave prothrombin, resulting in the generation of small amounts of thrombin (Aitken, M. G. EMA, 16: 446-455 (2004)). This thrombin generation activates platelets and cofactors V, VIII and XI on the platelet surface. The activation leads to the formation of a thrombin burst which causes fibrin polymerisation and the formation of a haemostatic plug.
Human recombinant FVIIa has been developed and commercialised by Novo Nordisk as NovoSeven® (eptacog alfa [activated], ATC code B02BD08). NovoSeven® is licensed for the treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia A or B patients who have developed inhibitory antibodies against FVIII or IX, respectively (Jurlander et al., Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 27: 373-383 (2001); Roberts et al., Blood, 15: 3858-3864 (2004)). The treatment has proved to be safe and effective since its launch in 1996. However, due to the proteins relatively short in vivo half-life (2.3 hours; Summary Basis for Approval NovoSeven®, FDA reference number 96-0597) multiple infusions of high doses of the product (90 μg kg−1) may be required over time during a single bleeding episode in order to attain haemostasis. The short half-life of the product and the high dose required to render the desired therapeutic effect preclude the common use of NovoSeven® for prophylactic treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors. Clearly, therefore, there is a need for the development of FVIIa molecules which have an increased half-life, producing improvements in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD).
Factor VIII (FVIII) is an essential blood clotting factor also known as anti-haemophilic factor (AHF). In humans, Factor VIII is encoded by the F8 gene. Defects in this gene results in haemophilia A, a well-known recessive X-linked coagulation disorder effecting approximately 1 in 5,000 males.
The X-linked F8 gene encodes a polypeptide of 2351 amino acids from 26 exons which after signal peptide cleavage renders a mature FVIII molecule of 2332 amino acids (Wang et al. Int. J. Pharmaceutics, 259: 1-15 (2003)). FVIII has been found to be synthesized and released into the bloodstream by the vascular, glomerular, and tubular endothelium, and the sinusoidal cells of the liver though there is still considerable ambiguity as to what the primary site of release in humans is. The FVIII molecule is organised into six protein domains; NH2-A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2-COOH. The mature molecule contains a number of post-translational modifications including N-linked and O-linked glycosylation, sulphonation and disulphide bond formation. FVIII contains a total of 23 cysteine residues, 16 of these form 8 disulphide bonds in the A and C domains of the protein (McMullen et al. Protein Science, 4: 740-746 (1995)). Due to the post-translational modification of the protein, its circulation molecular weight can be up to 330 kDa depending on the level and type of glycosylation. FVIII is also proteolytically processed so that the circulating species is a heterodimer composed of a heavy chain (A1-A2-B) and light chain (A3-C1-C2). When FVIII is secreted into the circulation it binds to von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in a non-covalent manner. The binding of the two molecules involves the A3 and C2 domains of the light chain of FVIII (Lacroix-Desmazes et al. Blood, 112: 240-249 (2008)). Binding to vWF increases the stability and circulating half-life of FVIII. Although binding to vWF increases the circulating half-life of FVIII, its native half-life is 15-19 hours.
Factor VIII is an essential cofactor participating in the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Its role in the coagulation cascade is to act as a “nucleation template” to organise the components of the FXase complex in the correct spatial orientation on the surface of activated platelets (Shen et al. Blood, 111: 1240-1247 (2008)). FVIII is initially activated by thrombin (Factor Ila) or FXa and it then dissociates from vWF in the form of FVIIIa. FVIIIa then binds to activated platelets at the site of vascular injury and binds FIXa through an A2 and A3 mediated interaction. The binding of FIXa to FVIII in the presence of Ca2+ on the platelet surface increases the proteolytic activity of FIXa by approximately 200,000-fold. This complex then activates FX to FXa. Factor Xa, with its cofactor Factor Va, then activates more thrombin. Thrombin in turn cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin which then polymerizes and crosslinks (using Factor XIII) into a fibrin blood clot.
No longer protected by vWF, activated FVIII is proteolytically inactivated in the process (most prominently by activated Protein C and Factor IXa) and quickly clears from the blood stream.
Factor IX (also known as Christmas factor) is a serine protease of the coagulation system and deficiency of this protein causes hemophilia B. Factor IX is produced as an inactive zymogen precursor which is subsequently processed to remove the signal peptide, followed by further glycosylation and subsequent cleavage by Factor XIa or Factor VIIa to produce a two-chain form linked by a disulfide bridge (Scipio et al J Clin Invest. 1978; 61(6):1528-1538). Once activated as Factor IXa and in the presence of Ca2+, membrane phospholipids, and a Factor VIII cofactor, it hydrolyses an arginine-isoleucine bond in Factor X to form Factor Xa. Factor IX is inhibited by antithrombin.
Haemophilia B is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a plethora of mutations in the factor IX gene, resulting in a deficiency of effective procoagulant protein. Haemophilia B which is also known as Christmas disease, is the consequence of non-functional or deficient FIX which prevents normal initiation of the intrinsic cascade. Serious and potentially life threatening bleeding events can develop with this condition which can be corrected by timely administration of an adequate amount of FIX. Haemostasis can be maintained for as long as the circulating zymogen is in the therapeutic range.
Historically, Haemophilia B has been treated by intravenous delivery of plasma FIX or prothrombin complex concentrates and more recently by highly purified plasma derived and recombinant FIX. The advent of recombinant human FIX from Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells) has transformed the treatment of Christmas disease to the point where prophylactic therapy is now possible particularly in small children. The limiting factor in this regard however is the short half-life and potential “super potency” of which has constrained prophylactic therapy to approximately 3 day intervals.
One of the problems faced by physicians seeking to treat patients with blood clotting and other disorders is how to achieve a long-lasting therapeutic dosage of a therapeutic agent, such as a blood clotting factor composition administered to such patients. Another problem, particularly around the prophylactic use of such agents is maintaining a predictable, steady state level of infusion, distribution and elimination of therapeutic agents in the body, thus avoiding the sawtooth “bursts” or “peaks” of levels of both the agent and its effects.
For example, the regulation of blood coagulation is a process that presents a number of leading health problems, including both the failure to form blood clots as well as thrombosis, the formation of unwanted blood clots. Agents that prevent unwanted clots are used in many situations and a variety of agents are available. Unfortunately, most current therapies have undesirable side effects. Orally administered anticoagulants such as Warfarin act by inhibiting the action of vitamin K in the liver, thereby preventing complete carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in the vitamin K-dependent proteins, resulting in a lowered concentration of active proteins in the circulatory system and reduced ability to form clots. Warfarin therapy is complicated by the competitive nature of the drug with its target. Fluctuations of dietary vitamin K can result in an over-dose or under-dose of Warfarin. Fluctuations in coagulation activity are an undesirable outcome of this therapy.
Injected substances such as heparin, including low molecular weight heparin, also are commonly used anticoagulants. Again, these compounds are subject to overdose and must be carefully monitored.
Another phenomenon that limits the usefulness of therapeutic peptides is the relatively short in vivo half-life exhibited by some of these peptides. Overall, the problem of short in vivo half-life means that therapeutic glycopeptides must be administered frequently and in high dosages, which ultimately translate to higher risk of local adverse reactions and higher health care costs than might be necessary if a more efficient method for maintaining therapeutically effective levels of glycoprotein therapeutics for longer was available.
The ability to ensure the delivery of therapeutic agents via the lymphatic system provides controlled infusion of the agent. The increased hydrophilicity also assists in concealing the molecule from damage by degrading enzymes, the immune system etc. Furthermore, the increased mobility in water renders the therapeutic agents more bioavailable, leading to lower dosage requirements. This in turn may result in fewer side effects, more efficient treatment and less time spent in a physician's care.
The inventors have surprisingly shown that a more consistent ‘steady state’ level of therapeutic agent can be achieved systemically when modified in accordance with the invention and delivered to the subcutaneous space. This increased consistency in ‘steady state’ can be attributed to a combination of rate of introduction into the vascular system via the lymphatic system (i.e. infusion), balanced against the rates of metabolism and/or immune system degradation, and rate of elimination via the kidneys or GI tract.
The subcutaneous delivery of a modified agent in accordance with the present invention may, therefore, allow the ‘sawtooth’ peaks and troughs commonly seen with repeated bolus injection delivery to be mitigated. However a larger dose can be administered by subcutaneous delivery such that Cmax is the same as achieved by intravenous injection, in which case a longer duration of the therapeutic effect of the modified agent will be achieved due to the slower rate of infusion via the lymphatic system into the vascular system. Thus, the present invention may result in less frequent administration. Alternatively, the same administration frequency could be envisaged with a lower dose when subcutaneous delivery is employed in accordance with the invention, instead of intravenous delivery.
In other words, over a given duration (such as 4 days) the ratio of Cmax:Caverage of a subcutaneously administered dose of a modified agent is lower than when the same dose is administered intravenously. This is clearly an advantage since the levels of the modified agent in the bloodstream are more consistent.
As one of skill in the art will appreciate, a lower Cmax may be of benefit to the patient, as is a lower ratio of Cmax:Caverage or Cmax:Cmin (i.e. a flattened graph of peaks and troughs when compared to the typical “sawtooth” profile of an intravenously administered drug).
Factor VIIa, for example, illustrates this problem and the modification shows the inventive solution thereto. Factor VII and VIIa have circulation half-times of about 2-4 hours in the human. That is, within 2-4 hours, the concentration of the peptide in the serum is reduced by half. When Factor VIIa is used as a procoagulant to treat certain forms of haemophilia, the standard protocol is to inject VIIa every two hours and at high dosages (45 to 90 μg/kg body weight). See, Hedner et al., Transfus. Med. Rev. 7: 78-83 (1993)). Thus, use of these proteins as procoagulants or anticoagulants (in the case of factor VII) requires that the proteins be administered at frequent intervals and at high dosages.
The conjugation of biopharmaceuticals to biocompatible polymers has previously been used successfully to improve the physicochemical characteristics of such therapeutic products. Characteristics of proteins which have been improved through conjugation include PK, PD and immunogenicity. The attachment of a chemical moiety to a protein can significantly increase its circulation half-life (Jevsevar et al., Biotechnol. J., 5: 113-128 (2010)). For molecular species with molecular weights below the glomerular filtration limit the conjugation of a large molecular weight moiety prevents renal clearance of the product. Also, addition of chemical moieties to pharmaceutical products can prevent receptor mediated removal of the molecule through steric hindrance.
The use of modifying molecules, such as biocompatible polymers to render the therapeutic agents more hydrophilic may also assist in the reduction or a prevention of an immune response to the introduced therapeutic agent. The modification provides a ‘shield of water’ around the agent, which may ‘hide’ any epitopes to which the immune system may otherwise respond. The presence of water molecules around the modified therapeutic agent may form a clathrate structure when in aqueous solution.
Furthermore, the use of the modification to allow subcutaneous delivery of the agent enables the gradual introduction of the therapeutic agent into the body via the lymphatic system, avoiding the reaction associated with bolus injections or intravenous infusion of large dosages, such as “red-man syndrome” associated with the intravenous administration of certain antibiotics.
Thus, many advantages can be envisaged by modifying such therapeutic agents for subcutaneous delivery and thereby subsequent infusion into the vascular system via the lymphatic system.
Accordingly, the present invention provides, as a first aspect a method of administering a therapeutic agent to a patient, comprising subcutaneously administering the therapeutic agent to the patient, such that the Cmax:Caverage ratio is lower than the Cmax:Caverage ratio of the agent when delivered intravenously, and wherein the agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent. The subcutaneous administration is such that the agent is at a more consistent concentration in the patient's bloodstream during the treatment period when compared to intravenous administration, which enables the Cmax:Caverage ratio to be reduced.
Also provided is a method of administering a therapeutic agent to the lymphatic system of a patient, comprising the step of subcutaneously administering the therapeutic agent, such that it does not directly enter the circulatory system of the patient at the site of injection, and wherein the agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent, such that the modified agent is unable to enter the circulation directly from the site of administration.
Further provided is a method of preventing entry of a therapeutic agent directly into the local circulatory system of a patient upon subcutaneous administration of the therapeutic agent to a patient, the method comprising the step of subcutaneously administering the modified agent to the patient and wherein the agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
The subcutaneous administration of the modified agent enables a higher dose of the agent to be administered to the patient than by intravenous bolus injection; the patient to be re-dosed earlier than if the modified agent is administered intravenously; a lesser or equivalent immunogenic response than the intravenous administration of the modified agent to be achieved; provides a therapeutic benefit to the patient for a duration of at least 12 hours longer than the therapeutic benefit of the modified agent when administered intravenously; and the agent is deliverable at a concentration higher than the concentration of the modified agent that can be safely delivered intravenously.
The hydrophilicity is increased by at least the ratio of the molecular dimensions of the modified agent to the molecular dimensions of the unmodified agent. By hydrophilicity it is meant the hydrophilic to lipophilic balance (HLB), which may be defined as the affinity for water which in the context of this invention implies a lower capacity for surface adhesion and a higher dispersion in water.
The methods of the invention provide for modulating the speed of delivery of a therapeutic agent from a subcutaneous depot in a subject, comprising modifying the therapeutic agent to alter the hydrophilicity of the agent, wherein the level of hydrophilicity is proportional to the level of bioavailability.
It has been surprisingly found that to achieve the longest duration of depot release from the subcutaneous space, a lesser degree of modification is required. Without being bound by theory, this can be rationalised by the lesser degree of modification exposing some of the therapeutic agent to the subcutaneous tissue which confers a slow rate on the diffusion through the lymph. By contrast the higher degree of modification covers the therapeutic agent completely leaving the product free to quickly enter the blood circulation.
It has also been shown that the bioavailability favours the therapeutic agents which have been more highly modified, namely di- or tri-modified species compared to mono-modified species. The present inventors have therefore confirmed that the higher degrees of modification and hydration levels promote a higher degree of mobility and therefore bioavailability.
Consequently, for any given therapeutic agent the release from a subcutaneous depot can now be modulated by increasing or decreasing the level of modification of the therapeutic agent.
In accordance with the invention, subcutaneous delivery may be by subcutaneous injection, topical application, transdermal patch, microdermal abrasion, high pressure dry powder delivery, or any other method for introducing a therapeutic to the subcutaneous space.
A further aspect of the invention provides a modified agent comprising a therapeutic agent and a modification, wherein the modification increases the hydrophilicity and modifies the molecular dimensions of the agent in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent for use in a method according to the first and further aspects. Modification of the agent may increase the hydrophilicity by at least 50% and the molecular dimensions by at least 50% of the agent in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
An example of a biocompatible polymer which has been used in several marketed biopharmaceutical products is polyethylene glycol (herein referred to as PEG). The process of covalently attaching a PEG molecule to another molecule is termed PEGylation. To date, nine PEGylated products have received FDA market approval, with four being blockbuster drugs: PegIntron® (Schering-Plough), Pegasys® (Hoffman-La Roche), Neulasta® (Amgen) and Micera® (Hoffman-La Roche). A number of different chemistries have been used to conjugate protein therapeutics to activated PEG molecules. Random PEGylation has been used successfully to covalently link PEG moieties to proteins through amino groups on proteins. The attachment sites have most frequently, but not exclusively, been the ε-amino group on the side chains of lysine residues. Such random reactions can produce very complex mixtures of conjugates varying in the number and site of PEG moiety attachment. Even following purification of random conjugation reactions, positional isomers can be present which demonstrate very different physicochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics. A number of site-specific PEGylation techniques have been developed and are now being exploited to produce better defined biopharmaceuticals. Approaches taken to render site-specific PEGylation include N-terminal, cysteine, glycan, disulphide and poly-histidine targeted PEGylation.
The use of PEG to derivatize peptide therapeutics has been demonstrated to reduce the immunogenicity of the peptides. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,337 discloses non-immunogenic polypeptides such as enzymes and peptide hormones coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol. In addition to reduced immunogenicity, the clearance time in circulation is prolonged due to the increased size of the PEG-conjugate of the polypeptides in question.
The principal mode of attachment of PEG, and its derivatives, to peptides is a non-specific bonding through a peptide amino acid residue (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,088,538, U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,689, U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,147, U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,635, and WO 87/00056). Another mode of attaching PEG to peptides is through the non-specific oxidation of glycosyl residues on a glycopeptide (see WO 94/05332).
In these non-specific methods, polyethyleneglycol is added in a random, non-specific manner to reactive residues on a peptide backbone. Of course, random addition of PEG molecules has its drawbacks, including a lack of homogeneity of the final product, and the possibility for reduction in the biological or enzymatic activity of the peptide. Therefore, for the production of therapeutic peptides, a derivitization strategy that results in the formation of a specifically labelled, readily characterizable, essentially homogeneous product is superior.
The state of the art in PEGylation of therapeutic agents, such as recombinant blood clotting factors, such as FVIIa, FVIII and FIX can be summarised as follows. WO 98/32466 suggests that FVII may be PEGylated, but does not contain any further information on the subject. US 2008/0200651 suggests that FVII polypeptides with wild-type, or increased, activity which have a PEG molecule conjugated via an artificially introduced cysteine residue demonstrate increased in vivo half-life. US 2008/0221032 describes the production of a FVIIa-polysialic acid conjugate which resulted in the molecule demonstrating a significantly increased in vivo half-life. US 2009/0176967 teaches that enzymes can be used to introduce specific functional groups at the C-terminus of the FVII polypeptide to which biocompatible polymers such as PEG can be coupled. US 2009/0227504 describes preparations of FVIIa (or FVIIa-like molecules) where one, or more, asparagine—and/or serine-linked oligosaccharide chains are covalently modified with at least one polymeric group which demonstrate improved serum half-life. US 2010/0028939 describes how natural glycoproteins can be modified using the enzyme galactose oxidase to produce reactive aldehyde functionalities on the glycan termini. The reactive aldehydes can then be used to conjugate polymeric moieties to the protein producing a product with improved pharmacological characteristics. US 2010/0056428 suggests that improved pharmacokinetic characteristics can be achieved in FVIIa by the derivitization of the glycoprotein by an oxime of a polymeric moiety such as PEG at a glycosyl group. Corresponding reports have been published in relation to FVIII and FIX, see US 2008/0255026 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,683,158 respectively.
Another approach to PEGylation of proteins has been developed by Polytherics and is known as TheraPEG™ in which a PEG polymer is attached to the protein of interest via a reduced disulphide bond of a pair of cysteine residues in the protein (WO 2005/007197). The technique has been used to prepare a PEGylated version of Factor IX free of contamination from Factor FIXa (WO 2009/130602), PEGylated Factor VII (WO 2011/135308) and PEGylated Factor VIII (WO 2011/135307).
It has now been discovered by the present inventors that subcutaneous administration of modified therapeutic agents such as PEGylated forms of blood clotting factors can result in improved half-lives and prolonged activity in plasma compared to equivalent forms delivered by intravenous administration, particularly when “dose adjusted”. The specific location at which the subcutaneous injection is given may either increase or decrease the onset time in which the modified agent appears in the blood system. In any event, a lower Cmax:Caverage ratio is achieved; similar pharmacokinetic profiles are seen usually associated with sustained release formulations and the like. The disadvantage with administering unmodified therapeutic agents subcutaneously is that they are able to enter directly into the cardiovascular system, and thereby the resultant Cmax and duration depends largely on the vascular condition of the site of subcutaneous injection. A highly vascularised region will clearly take up more quickly an amount of agent when administered by a subcutaneous injection into that area than an injection into a less vascularised area. Such inconsistencies may be overcome with the use of the modified agents of the invention for subcutaneous delivery.
The provision of a modified therapeutic agent in accordance with the present invention results in a molecule being delivered to the cardiovascular system via the lymph system and therefore is independent of the vasculature at the site of injection, leading to a more predictable, consistent rate of delivery into the circulation, via the lymphatic system.
Prior speculation in the art about formulations of therapeutic agents, including blood clotting factors, does not appreciate the advantages that could be derived from formulating such factors for subcutaneous administration. In particular, there is no hint or suggestion that such formulations when administered subcutaneously could deliver and maintain normal haemostasis for prolonged periods of time or that they could deliver a steadier level of drug bioavailability (lower Cmax:Caverage ratio), which is due to the steady infusion effect achieved. The lymph system provides an aqueous fluid in which the vessel walls are collagen containing. Any molecule that is too big to go through blood vessel walls must rely on lymphatic drainage to reach to the bloodstream. However, if a degree of hydrophobic character exists in the molecule, it is likely to adhere to tissue both before it enters the lymph system and to the lymph vessel walls and will, thus, be immobile in the fluid. By contrast when a hydrophilic moiety is provided, the modified agents will more readily disperse in the aqueous phase of the lymph and drain easily into the system to enter the bloodstream at the thoracic duct.
The therapeutic agent of any aspect may be small molecule, macromolecule, polymer and polypeptide, wherein a small molecule includes hypnotics and sedatives, antiarrhythmics, antioxidants, anti-asthma agents, hormonal agents including contraceptives, sympathomimetics, diuretics, lipid regulating agents, antiandrogenic agents, antiparasitics, anticoagulants, neoplastics, antineoplastics, hypoglycemics, psychic energizers, tranquilizers, respiratory drugs, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, anti-Parkinson agents (dopamine antagnonists), cytokines, growth factors, anti-cancer agents, antithrombotic agents, antihypertensives, cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antianxiety drugs (anxiolytics), appetite suppressants, anti-migraine agents, muscle contractants, anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, vaccines) anti-arthritics, anti-malarials, anti-emetics, anepileptics, bronchodilators, nutritional agents and supplements, growth supplements, anti-enteritis agents, vaccines, antibodies, diagnostic agents, and contrasting agents.
Examples of agents suitable for use in the invention include, but are not limited to, calcitonin, erythropoietin (EPO), ceredase, cerezyme, cyclosporin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), thrombopoietin (TPO), alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, elcatonin, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), growth hormone, human growth hormone (HGH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), heparin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, interleukin-1 receptor, interleukin-2, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), factor IX insulin, pro-insulin, insulin analogues (e.g., mono-acylated insulin as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,675), amylin, C-peptide, somatostatin, somatostatin analogs including octreotide, vasopressin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), insulintropin, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), nerve growth factor (NGF), tissue growth factors, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), glial growth factor (GGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), endothelial growth factors, parathyroid hormone (PTH), glucagon-like peptide thymosin alpha 1, Ilb/Illa inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin, phosphodiesterase (PDE) compounds, VLA-4 inhibitors, bisphosphonates, respiratory syncytial virus antibody, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, deoxyreibonuclease (Dnase), antipseudomonal penicillins like carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin; cephalosporins like cefpodoxime, cefprozil, ceftbuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephalexin, cephradrine, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephaloglycin, cefuroxime, ceforanide, cefotaxime, cefatrizine, cephacetrile, cefepime, cefixime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefmetazole, ceftazidime, loracarbef, and moxalactam, monobactams like aztreonam; bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI), anti-CMV antibody, 13-cis retinoic acid, macrolides such as erythromycin, oleandomycin, troleandomycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, davercin, azithromycin, flurithromycin, dirithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin, midecamycin, leucomycin, miocamycin, rokitamycin, andazithromycin, and swinolide A; fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, alatrofloxacin, moxifloxicin, norfloxacin, enoxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, pefloxacin, amifloxacin, fleroxacin, tosufloxacin, prulifloxacin, irloxacin, pazufloxacin, clinafloxacin, and sitafloxacin, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, netilmicin, paramecin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rampolanin, mideplanin, colistin, daptomycin, gramicidin, colistimethate, polymixins such as polymixin B, capreomycin, bacitracin, penems; penicillins including penicllinase-sensitive agents like penicillin G, penicillin V, penicllinase-resistant agents like methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, floxacillin, nafcillin; gram negative microorganism active agents like ampicillin, amoxicillin, and hetacillin, cillin, and galampicillin; and carbapenems such as imipenem, meropenem, pentamidine isethiouate, albuterol sulfate, lidocaine, metaproterenol sulfate, beclomethasone diprepionate, triamcinolone acetamide, budesonide acetonide, fluticasone, ipratropium bromide, flunisolide, cromolyn sodium, ergotamine tartrate and where applicable, analogues, agonists, antagonists, inhibitors, and pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the above an antibiotic, a blood factor, a hormone, a growth factor, another therapeutic peptide or protein, or a monoclonal antibody or a small molecule. Suitably, the agent to be modified may be selected from the group consisting of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C. In some embodiments the blood coagulation factor is suitably Factor VII, Factor VIII or Factor IX.
The agent in accordance with the invention may be modified by any biocompatible polymer, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly-phosphatidyl choline (PC), polypropylene glycol (PPG), copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyoxyethylated polyol, polyolefinic alcohol, polyhydroxyalkylmethacrylate, polysaccharides, poly α-hydroxy acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphosphosphasphazene, poly N-acryloylmorpholine, polyalkyene oxide polymers, polymaleic acid, poly DL-alanine, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, starch or starch derivatives, hyaluronic acid, chitin, polymethacrylates, polysialic acid (PSA), polyhydroxy alkanoates, poly amino acids and combinations thereof. The biocompatible polymer may have a linear or branched structure.
In a further embodiment, the biocompatible polymer is a protein selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins including monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments for example; single-domain antibodies, VL, VH, Fab, F(ab′)2, Fab′, Fab3, scFv, di-scFv, sdAb, Fc and combinations thereof.
In some embodiments the increased hydrophilicity/solubility of the modified therapeutic agent delivered subcutaneously enables that agent to be constituted in a higher concentration in a delivery medium than if delivered intravenously. In the case where the drug product is administered by injection, this may enable a smaller injection volume to be used, which is more suitable to subcutaneous administration. In addition, at higher concentrations, where an unmodified agent might be expected to auto-catalyze, the modification prevents the agent from auto-digestion, which in the unmodified form might have led to undesirable, dangerous by-products. For example, unmodified blood factor IX will auto-catalyze at high concentrations to produce factor IXa, which is dangerously thrombogenic.
Accordingly, in another aspect of the present invention, the subcutaneous delivery volume of the modified therapeutic agent is no more than 2 ml. Suitably, the delivery volume may be 5 μl, 10 μl, 25 μl, 50 μl, 100 μl, 250 μl, 500 μl, 750 μl, or 1 ml. In alternative embodiments the delivery volume of the agent may be no more than 1.5 ml, 2 ml, 2.5 ml, 3.0 ml or 3.5 ml. It is important to note that the present invention allows for a higher concentration of an active agent to be delivered in a single subcutaneous injection more safely than by intravenous injection, since it is not delivered directly into the bloodstream of the patient. This is particularly important when dealing with blood clotting factors, since high concentration of blood clotting factors administered intravenously can result in undesirable and dangerous blood clots in the patient. Subcutaneous delivery allows the steady infusion of the active agent into the blood stream via the lymphatic system, thus avoiding the effect of dangerous levels of an active agent being delivered directly into the blood system. Therefore, since the concentration of delivery of the agent into the blood stream is regulated by the lymph system of the patient, a higher concentration may be delivered in a subcutaneous administration dose, which allows for smaller volumes to be used than traditionally used with intravenous delivery.
Within the scope of the present invention is included therapeutic agents that are able to be modified by hydrophilic modification to increase hydrophilicity and modify molecular dimensions in order to prevent direct entry into the vascular system through the blood vessel walls and that are administrable to the patient via subcutaneous delivery, in order to reach the circulatory system via the lymphatic system. Methods of modifying such agents are also included in the invention.
The dosage forms of the invention may be for administration at least once per day, at least twice per day, about once per week, about twice per week, about once per two weeks, or about once per month. The ability to modulate the release rate of the modified therapeutic agent from the subcutaneous depot means that the administration may be controlled more conveniently.
For certain therapeutic substances, a dosage regime of once per day will be sufficient, but for others a more frequent dosage regime may be more appropriate or desirable, where the amount delivered in each dosage administered subcutaneously may be reduced relative to a standard intravenous dosage. So for example a dosage form of the invention may be administered once per day, twice per day (or more if required).
The present invention allows the prevention of the rapid rise and subsequent fall (i.e. a “sawtooth”) in the concentration of an agent in the blood. The present invention provides a more consistent, predictable concentration of the agent in the blood of a patient over a longer period of time than is traditionally seen with unmodified agents or the same modified product when repeatedly delivered intravenously.
A further benefit of the present invention is that it enables a higher dose of the agent to be administered subcutaneously than may be safely administered intravenously. This results in the provision of a longer duration of the therapeutic benefit than could ordinarily and safely be achieved by higher dosing or more frequent dosing via intravenous delivery. For example, in the case of blood factors, because the products are being delivered via the thoracic duct into the subclavian vein, the method enables a larger amount of product to be administered at a single time point as a single dose subcutaneously than could be administered at a single time point intravenously into a vein. Delivery of a high dose bolus into a vein may cause an undesirable thrombotic event.
A further benefit of the present invention enables the agent to be re-dosed at intervals to allow blood concentration of the agent to be maintained at a consistent level, providing a sustained constant and predictable therapeutic effect without the need to wait to re-dose until the concentration of the agent in the blood falls to therapeutically irrelevant levels. In traditional practice, intravenous re-dosing, with its immediate Cmax and onset of action, is delayed until it has been estimated that the level of the therapeutic has dropped to a level at which the addition of the Cmax from the new injection will not reach a potentially thrombogenic level (i.e. reducing the risk of an adverse event), but which means that the patient has reached an “unhealthy” range of a level of an agent in his or her bloodstream. In other words, subsequent doses of an agent are not normally given to the patient while “healthy levels”, or therapeutically effective levels, of the agent are still present in the bloodstream. However, the present invention enables re-dosing of the agent to occur while blood levels of the agent are still in a therapeutic effective range, thus the invention provides for a more consistent therapeutic level of protein in the bloodstream, that is more ideally suited to prophylaxis. Due to the consistent delivery of the agent into the bloodstream via the thoracic duct, the problem of increasing the agent in the bloodstream to undesirably high levels is avoided.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of a modified blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration which when formulated for subcutaneous administration to a subject provides a no more than once per month dosage form sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said subject of no more than 20 minutes. Also provided is a liquid dosage form of a PEGylated blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration no more than once per month wherein the dosage form has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously, for use in the treatment of a blood clotting disorder. Suitably, the Cmax is from 20% to 80%, or from 30% to 70%, or from 40% to 60%. Suitably, the blood coagulation factor may be FVII, FVIII, or FIX.
By “no more than” it is meant that the dosage form may be administered more frequently than the time period specified, but it is not necessary to do so; the effect of the subcutaneous administration of such a dosage form means that the effects are seen for the duration of the time period. However, due to the lower and consistent Cmax, more frequent dosing may occur without adverse effects to the patient.
Suitably, the dosage form of a blood clotting factor may be sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said subject of less than 15 minutes, or suitably, less than 12 minutes. In an embodiment, the dosage form of a blood clotting factor is an at least once per week dosage form, or at least once per month, at least once per two weeks, at least once per half week dosage form.
A dosage form according to the invention may comprise a blood clotting factor selected from the group consisting of Factor VIIa, Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor XIII, Factor V, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C. Suitably, the blood clotting factor may be FVII, FVIII, or FIX.
The dosage form of the invention may be modified by any biocompatible polymer, as defined herein. Suitably, the modification is PEGylation.
The dosage form may have a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In particular embodiments, the dosage form may have a Cmax of from 10% to 25% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In particular embodiments, the dosage form may have a Cmax of from 40% to 60% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In particular embodiments, the dosage form may have a Cmax of from 75% to 80% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In particular embodiments, the dosage form may have a Cmax of 75% or of 78.8% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In one embodiment, Cmax is 75 to 80% and the blood factor may be FVII. In another embodiment Cmax is 10% to 25% and the blood factor may be FVIII. In yet another embodiment Cmax is 40% to 60% and the blood factor may be FIX.
Also provided is a dosage formulation according to the invention, in which the dosage is of from 1 to 1000 IU/kg, or from 5 to 500 IU/kg, or from 100 to 250 IU/kg or from 25 to 50 Ill/kg.
The dosage form of the present invention allows for a less frequent dosing of the dosage form, which is still sufficient to maintain the whole blood clotting time in a subject of no more than 20 minutes, or no more than 15 minutes, or no more than 10 minutes. In one embodiment, the dosage form is sufficient to maintain whole blood clotting time of less than 12 minutes. The dosage form may provide a no more than once a fortnight, no more than once a week, no more than twice a week, no more than once every three days, no more than once every 2 days, no more than once a day or a more or less frequent dosage form.
It is important to note that one benefit of the present invention is that the dosage form when the agent is a blood clotting factor, does not need to be administered to the patient more frequently than these intervals in order to continue to maintain whole blood clotting time in a healthy range, but it may be administered more frequently in order to help to provide a “steady state” similar to that of a controlled release formulation. A ‘normal’ whole blood clotting time is generally considered by one skilled in the art to be 10 to 12 minutes, and anything under 15 minutes is considered to be healthy in a non-haemophiliac human. Once whole blood clotting time is over 20 minutes, it is considered to be in an unhealthy range. Between 15 and 20 minutes is considered to indicate that although bleeding is under control, it is not normal.
In another embodiment the dosage form is administered less frequently than would be predicted by the plasma half life of a bolus intravenous injection. For example, a bolus injection of modified Factor IX may be required once a week, whereas the same agent delivered subcutaneously in accordance with the invention, may only be required once per ten days, or less.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of 25 to 50 IU/kg of a modified blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration at the same or with less frequency than the blood coagulation factor administered intravenously.
Formulations of the present invention are therefore able to maintain a normal value for haemostasis of up to seven days in which a normal value is defined as a Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) of less than 15 minutes, suitably, about 12 minutes or less.
The formulations of the invention have a Cmax of at least 10%, to no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously. In some embodiments of the invention, the value may be at least 75%, 78% or 80%, and the blood factor may be FVII. In some embodiments of the invention, the value may be at least 15%, 18% or 20% and the blood factor may be FVIII. In some embodiments of the invention the value may be 40%, 45% or 50% and the blood factor may be FIX.
The formulations of specific embodiments of the invention wherein the modified agent is a PEGylated blood factor when formulated for subcutaneous administration no more than once per month comprise a dosage of from 25 to 50 IU/kg. In some embodiments the dosage may be 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 IU/kg. The dosage may be from 25 IU/Kg to 30 IU/Kg, 35 IU/Kg to 40 IU/Kg, or 40 IU/Kg to 50 IU/Kg.
In one embodiment, when the dosage form is prepared as a dose of 150 IU/Kg, the formulation may be suitable for administration once every two weeks to a subject in need thereof. Suitably, the formulation may be for administration no more than once every two weeks.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a dosage form of a modified blood coagulation factor when formulated for subcutaneous administration can result in normal haemostasis being maintained for at least one half of a week.
Dosage forms in accordance with the invention, when administered subcutaneously result in lower amounts of the modified blood coagulation (clotting) factor being required to achieve the same therapeutic end-point thus providing safer products for subjects in need of treatment. In one embodiment half the adjusted dose of modified blood clotting factor administered intravenously is sufficient to achieve normal haemostasis for at least one week in subjects, particularly wherein the blood coagulation factor is Factor VIIa or Factor VIII. A suitable value for normal haemostasis is a Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) of about 12 minutes, as described above.
Formulations of the invention may suitably comprise less than half the dose adjusted therapeutically effective amount of a reference formulation formulated for intravenous administration comprising the same modified blood coagulation factor in order to achieve the same therapeutic effect. For example, in an embodiment wherein the blood coagulation factor is Factor IX.
The invention therefore also provides for a dosage form of a modified blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration in which the dosage form comprises 50% of the dose adjusted amount required for intravenous administration in order to achieve the same duration of effective action.
A formulation suitable for subcutaneous administration may suitably be prepared as an aqueous or substantially aqueous formulation. The formulation may comprise such additional salts, preservatives and stabilisers and/or excipients or adjuvants as required. The dosage forms of the invention may be provided as anhydrous powders ready for extemporaneous formulation in a suitable aqueous medium.
It may be generally preferred to formulate such dosage forms as a buffered aqueous formulation. Suitable buffer solutions may include, but are not limited to amino acids (for example histidine), salts of inorganic acids and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, (for example sodium salts, magnesium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts or calcium salts—exemplified as sodium chloride, sodium phosphate). Other components such as detergents or emulsifiers (for example, Tween 80® or any other form of Tween®) may be present and stabilisers (for example benzamidine or a benzamidine derivative). Excipients such as sugars, (for example sucrose) may also be present. Suitable values for pH are physiological pH, e.g. pH 6.8 to 7.4. Liquid dosage forms may be prepared ready for use in such administration vehicles.
A “modified blood coagulation factor” is a blood coagulation factor (blood clotting factor) which has been linked to one or more modifying agents as described above. In some embodiments, the modification is PEG. The PEG molecule may be linked directly or indirectly to the blood coagulation factor. The PEGylated blood coagulation factor can also be defined as a “blood coagulation factor conjugated to a PEG molecule” or a “blood coagulation factor-PEG conjugate”.
Modified blood coagulation factors (blood clotting factors) suitably comprise at least one of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C. In some embodiments the blood coagulation factor is suitably Factor VII, Factor VIII or Factor IX.
As used herein, the term “blood factor conjugate” refers to a blood clotting factor protein that has been modified to include a modification, such as a PEG moiety, other conjugated moiety as defined above.
The terms Factor VIIa (FVIIa) and Factor VII (FVII) are also used interchangeably unless the context specifies otherwise. FVIII is used as an abbreviation for Factor VIII and FIX is used as an abbreviation for Factor IX, and so on for blood factors described herein.
The blood coagulation (clotting) factor may be from any suitable source and may be a recombinant protein produced by recombinant DNA technology using molecular biological techniques or synthesised chemically or produced transgenically in the milk of a mammal, or the factor may be isolated from natural sources (e.g. purified from blood plasma). Suitably the factor is a mammalian blood clotting factor, such as a human blood clotting factor. References to a blood clotting factor include a blood coagulation factor.
As indicated herein the present invention relates to formulations of blood clotting factors which have been modified by conjugation with one or more modifying agents, such as polyethylene glycol polymers (“PEGylation”). The modification of the blood clotting factor may be by any convenient means.
Tween® is currently extensively used in the formulation of blood products. Tween® 80 is a PEGylated fatty acid which carries a molecular weight equivalent of PEG of approximately 0.8 kilo Daltons per Tween® molecule.
As discussed above, blood factors are all characterised inter alia by the property of surface adhesion. This is a necessary feature of the coagulation cascade which requires that enzymes and cofactors adhere to other participants in the cascade, to the surface of platelets and to tissue at the site of injury. Indeed it is particularly important that a blood clot remains at the site of injury and does not drift to cause a dangerous thrombosis. This property presents a challenge in the formulation of drug products, since blood factors such as VIIa VIII and IX will adhere excessively to any glass and plastic surfaces. In practical terms this is mitigated by the extensive use of polysorbate (e.g. Tween® 80).
In one embodiment of the present invention, FVIII has a 20 kDa straight chain polyethylene glycol moiety conjugated to it. The conjugation of PEG mitigates the surface adhesion property of this factor to the extent that no further use of Tween® is necessary.
When activated in the process of coagulation, PEG-FVIII still adheres to the surface of platelets and is a small component in the overall clotting process. In this regard, blood clots will form in the normal manner on platelets at the site of injury.
By having a mono-PEGylated factor and thereby obviating the requirement for additional Tween® in the formulation, a decrease in the amount of polyethylene glycol can be achieved. A calculation using Kogenate® FS (Bayer FVIII) was performed to identify the total amount of PEG per mol of FVIII used in the formulation and make a comparison to a single conjugated 20 kDa moiety which does not require any further Tween® in its formulation. Thus, on a dose-for-dose basis, an embodiment of the present invention provides a 25.8 fold reduction in polyethylene glycol, which, when the reduced frequency of dosing is also taken into account, may result in an overall reduction in the administration of PEG of approximately 80-fold.
The present inventors have found that increasing the water-carrying capability of the target therapeutic (for example via di-PEGylating a product versus mono-PEGylating it), the passage of the product into the bloodstream, following subcutaneous administration, can be accelerated. Conversely, decreasing the water-carrying capability (for example mono-PEGylating the products versus di-PEGylating it), the passage of the product into the bloodstream, following subcutaneous administration, can be slowed, giving a depot effect. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it would appear that the same product with a lesser water-carrying ability (e.g. via mono-PEGylation or with a smaller PEG molecule) resists being dispersed through the subcutaneous space for longer than the same product modified to have a greater water-carrying capability (e.g. via multi-PEGylation or the attachment of a larger PEG molecule), thus providing the enhanced depot effect.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, designing a product to have a greater water carrying characteristic (for example by increasing its PEG coverage via di- or multi-PEGylation, increasing the size of the PEG or using branched vs. straight PEG molecules) would seem to render it more water dispersible within the subcutaneous space, leading to a faster rate of entry via the lymphatic vessels into the plasma; the reduced hydrophilicity of products designed to have a lesser water-carrying characteristic (for example via mono-PEGylation or via the use of smaller PEG molecules), would seem to leave more of the hydrophobic therapeutic agent exposed reducing its dispersibility and slowing its entry into the plasma via the aqueous lymphatic system.
This ability to modify the dispersion characteristics of a molecule for subcutaneous administration, by selectively adjusting the balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, provides an exquisite degree of control over the controlled release of a product from the subcutaneous space to the plasma via the lymph, which may be adjusted according to the characteristics of the therapeutic agent, the needs and physiology of the patient or a combination of these or other influencing factors.
In some embodiments, when the modification is PEG, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) may have a linear or branched structure and may be attached to the therapeutic agent via any convenient route. Where the therapeutic agent is a protein, e.g. a blood clotting factor or other therapeutic protein as described herein, conjugation of PEG may be via a serine or threonine residue in the native protein, via a hydroxyl residue on a sugar residue attached to the native protein, or via one or more cysteine residues. The PEG moiety may be attached via such residues which occur in the native or the recombinant forms of the protein. Proteins made by recombinant expression allow for site specific engineering to insert desired amino acid residues into a protein sequence and/or to control patterns of glycosylation with specific glycosylase enzymes. Other routes for PEGylation include amide or N-terminal amino group PEGylation, or carboxyl group PEGylation.
The PEG moiety may also be conjugated to the blood clotting factor, i.e. Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, via one or more reduced cysteine disulphide bonds. A free cysteine residue is the result of reducing a cystine disulphide bond in the protein. For example, the conjugation may be by means of a linker group bridging the sulphur residues of two cysteine residues that formed a disulphide bond in Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. The disulphide bond may therefore be a native disulphide bond or a recombinantly introduced disulphide bond.
In one embodiment of the invention, the hydrophilic moiety, such as the polyethylene glycol chain is attached via a bivalent linker moiety across two cysteine residues that normally form a disulphide bridge in the native form of the blood clotting factor.
The PEG molecule may be of any suitable molecular weight, for example from 1 kDa to 100 kDa, 10 to 500 kDa, suitably 5 to 30 kDa or 20 to 30 kDa. Some suitable molecular weights include 5, 10, 20, or 30 kDa. Suitably, the PEG molecule may be from 5 kDa to 40 kDa.
There are several different types of polyethylene glycol polymers that will form conjugates with Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. There are linear PEG polymers that contain a single polyethylene glycol chain, and there are branched or multi-arm PEG polymers. Branched polyethylene glycol contains 2 or more separate linear PEG chains bound together through a unifying group. For example, two PEG polymers may be bound together by a lysine residue. One linear PEG chain is bound to the α-amino group, while the other PEG chain is bound to the ε-amino group. The remaining carboxyl group of the lysine core is left available for covalent attachment to a protein. Both linear and branched polyethylene glycol polymers are commercially available in a range of molecular weights.
In one embodiment of the invention, the Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C-conjugate contains one or more linear polyethylene glycol polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C. In some embodiments the blood coagulation factor is Factor III, Factor VIII or Factor IX, in which each PEG has a molecular weight between about 2 kDa to about 100 kDa. In another aspect of the invention, a Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C-conjugate contains one or more linear polyethylene glycol polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, wherein each linear PEG has a molecular weight between about 1 kDa to about 40 kDa. In certain embodiments, each linear PEG has a molecular weight between about 10 kDa to about 30 kDa. In certain embodiments, each linear PEG has a molecular weight that is about 20 kDa. In certain embodiments, each linear PEG has a molecular weight that is about 10 kDa. In certain embodiments, each linear PEG has a molecular weight that is less than 10 kDa. In particular embodiments, where the blood factor conjugate contains more than one linear PEG polymers bound to a blood coagulation factor, for example two, three, or up to eight linear PEG polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. In some embodiments, the blood factor conjugates contain multiple linear PEG polymers, where each linear PEG has a molecular weight of about 5-30 kDa.
A blood factor conjugate of this invention may contain one or more branched PEG polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, wherein each branched PEG has a molecular weight between about 2 kDa to about 100 kDa. In another aspect of the invention, a blood factor conjugate contains one or more branched polyethylene glycol polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, wherein each branched PEG has a molecular weight between about 1 kDa to about 100 kDa. In certain embodiments, each branched PEG has a molecular weight between about 5 kDa to about 40 kDa. In certain embodiments, each branched PEG has a molecular weight that is about 10 kDa, 20 kDa, or about 30 kDa. In certain embodiments, each branched PEG has a molecular weight that is less than about 10 kDa. In particular embodiments, where the blood factor conjugate contains more than one branched PEG polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, for example two, three, or up to eight branched PEG polymers bound to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. In a some embodiments, the Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C-PEG conjugates contains up to eight branched PEG polymers, where each branched PEG has a molecular weight of about 5-40 kDa, suitably 10 to 30 kDa.
The blood factor-PEG conjugates may be purified by chromatographic methods known in the art, including, but not limited to ion exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography, precipitation and membrane-based separations.
Suitably, the PEG moiety of the Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C-conjugate may be bound to two cysteine residues, which form a disulphide bond in the blood coagulation factor. Therefore, the PEG containing linker bridges the disulphide bond. Examples of such conjugation procedures are described in WO 2005/007197, WO 2009/047500 and WO 2010/010324.
As discussed above, other routes of PEGylation may include standard glycoPEGylation procedures as described in Stennicke et al (Thromb. Haemost. 2008, 100(5), 920-8), or N-terminal amide PEGylation as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,644,029.
In one embodiment of the invention, a PEG moiety can be conjugated to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C according to the scheme set out in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, a group R1 is shown between the PEG moiety and the linker group spanning the sulphur atoms of the disulphide bond on the blood factor molecule.
R1 represents a substituent which can be a direct bond, an alkylene group (preferably a C1-10 alkylene group), or an optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; wherein the aryl groups include phenyl, benzoyl and naphthyl groups; wherein suitable heteroaryl groups include pyridine, pyrrole, furan, pyran, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, pyridazine, pyrimidine and purine; wherein linkage to the polymer may be by way of a hydrolytically labile bond, or by a non-labile bond.
Particular substituents which may be present on the optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group include for example one or more of the same or different substituents selected from —CN, —NO2, —CO2R, —COH, —CH2OH, —COR, —OR, —OCOR, —OCO2R, —SR, —SOR, —SO2R, —NHCOR, —NRCOR, —NHCO2R, —NR′CO2R, —NO, —NHOH, —NR′OH, —C═N—NHCOR, —C═N—NR′COR, —N+R3, —N+H3, —N+HR2, —N+H2R, halogen, for example fluorine or chlorine, —C≡CR, —C═CR2 and 13C═CHR, in which each R or R′ independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl (preferably C1-6) or an aryl (preferably phenyl) group. The presence of electron withdrawing substituents is especially preferred. In one embodiment, the optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaryl group in R1 includes aryl or heteroaryl groups substituted by an amide (NHCO) group which connects the R1 unit to the PEG moiety.
The linker group between the two sulphur atoms of the original disulphide bond between the cysteine residues of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C may therefore comprise a 3-carbon bridge. In one embodiment, the linker group between the two sulphur atoms of the original disulphide bond between the cysteine residues of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C is (CH2)2CHC(O)—.
In one embodiment of the invention, the PEG moiety may be conjugated as described above wherein the composition comprising Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C conjugated to a PEG moiety has the structure:
Where R1 is as defined above, and “Factor” represents a blood clotting factor.
In embodiments where the optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaryl group in R1 as defined above includes aryl or heteroaryl groups substituted by an amide (NHCO) group, the structure of the conjugate protein, where R3 is as defined below, may be as follows:
R3 represents a substituent which can be a direct bond, an alkylene group (preferably a C1-10 alkylene group), or an optionally-substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; wherein the aryl groups include phenyl, benzoyl and naphthyl groups; wherein suitable heteroaryl groups include pyridine, pyrrole, furan, pyran, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, pyridazine, pyrimidine and purine; wherein linkage to the polymer may be by way of a hydrolytically labile bond, or by a non-labile bond, and “Factor” represents a blood clotting factor.
Particular substituents which may be present on the optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group include for example one or more of the same or different substituents selected from —CN, —NO2, —CO2R, —COH, —CH2OH, —COR, —OR, —OCOR, —OCO2R, —SR, —SOR, —SO2R, —NHCOR, —NRCOR, —NHCO2R, —NR′CO2R, —NO, —NHOH, —NR′OH, —C═N—NHCOR, —C═N—NR′COR, —N+R3, —N+H3, —N+HR2, —N+H2R, halogen, for example fluorine or chlorine, —C≡CR, —C═CR2 and 13C═CHR, in which each R or R′ independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl (preferably C1-6) or an aryl (preferably phenyl) group. The presence of electron withdrawing substituents is especially preferred.
In some embodiments, dosage forms of the present invention may be composed of PEGylated forms of blood clotting factors as defined herein in which the polyethyleneglycol molecule is a straight-chain, (suitably mono-disperse) form. The PEG may be conjugated to the blood clotting factor via a three carbon bridge moiety. For example, the PEG may be 1 to 100 kDa; in some embodiments, 5 to 30 kDa; in some embodiments 10 kDa and in other embodiments 20 kDa.
The dosage form may be prepared for subcutaneous administration by formulation in a suitable aqueous vehicle. In most embodiments, the suitable aqueous solution is buffered to physiological pH (for example to pH 6.8) with a composition comprising one or more amino acids and/or salts (for example histidine and NaCl) and in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant (for example Tween® 80) and optionally a stabiliser (for example benzamidine or a benzamidine derivative, see U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,066 for example).
Nonionic surfactants/emulsifiers which can be used according to the present invention include polysorbates such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80, Tween® 80), polysorbate 65, polysorbate 65, polysorbate 61, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 21, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, and polysorbate 120, and polyoxyethylene stearates such as polyoxyl 8 stearate (PEG 400 monostearate), polyoxyl 2 stearate, polyoxyl 4 stearate, polyoxyl 6 stearate, polyoxyl 12 stearate, polyoxyl 20 stearate, polyoxyl 30 stearate, polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxyl 50 stearate, polyoxyl 100 stearate, polyoxyl 150 stearate, and polyoxyl 4 distearate, polyoxyl 8 distearate, polyoxyl 12 distearate, polyoxyl 32 distearate, polyoxyl 150 distearate.
Suitable concentration ranges for the components in the composition may be for example 5 mM to 25 mM histidine (suitably 10 mM to 15 mM histidine), 10 mM to 50 mM NaCl (suitably 30 mM to 40 mM NaCl) and 0.001 to 0.01% Tween® 80 (suitably 0.005% to 0.008% Tween® 80) and optionally 0.5 mM to 5 mM benzamidine (suitably 1 mM to 2 mM benzamidine).
As used herein the term “muteins” refers to analogs of an Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, in which one or more of the amino acid residues of the naturally occurring components of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C are replaced by different amino acid residues, or are deleted, or one or more amino acid residues are added to the original sequence of a blood factor, without changing considerably the activity of the resulting products as compared with the original blood factor. These muteins are prepared by known synthesis and/or by site-directed mutagenesis techniques, or any other known technique suitable therefore.
Muteins in accordance with the present invention include proteins encoded by a nucleic acid, such as DNA or RNA, which hybridizes to DNA or RNA, which encodes an Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C in accordance with the present invention, under stringent conditions. The term “stringent conditions” refers to hybridization and subsequent washing conditions, which those of ordinary skill in the art conventionally refer to as “stringent” (Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Interscience, N.Y., sections 63 and 6.4 (1987, 1992); Sambrook et al. (Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y (1989)).
Without limitation, examples of stringent conditions include washing conditions 12-20° C. below the calculated Tm of the hybrid under study in, e.g., 2×SSC and 0.5% SDS for 5 minutes, 2×SSC and 0.1% SDS for 15 minutes; 0.1.times.SSC and 0.5% SDS at 37° C. for 30-60 minutes and then, a 0.1×SSC and 0.5% SDS at 68° C. for 30-60 minutes. Those of ordinary skill in this art understand that stringency conditions also depend on the length of the DNA sequences, oligonucleotide probes (such as 10-40 bases) or mixed oligonucleotide probes. If mixed probes are used, it is preferable to use tetramethyl ammonium chloride (TMAC) instead of SSC.
Any such mutein preferably has a sequence of amino acids sufficiently duplicative of that of an Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C such as to have substantially similar, or even better, activity to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C.
One characteristic activity of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C is its capability of participate in the blood coagulation cascade and assays to detect Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. As long as the mutein has substantial blood factor activity, it can be considered to have substantially similar activity to blood factor. Thus, it can be determined whether any given mutein has at least substantially the same activity as Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C by means of routine experimentation comprising subjecting such a mutein to assays as described herein.
In a preferred embodiment, any such mutein has at least 40% identity or homology with the amino acid sequence of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. More preferably, it has at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or, most preferably, at least 90%, 95%, 98% or 99% identity or homology thereto.
Identity reflects a relationship between two or more polypeptide sequences or two or more polynucleotide sequences, determined by comparing the sequences. In general, identity refers to an exact nucleotide to nucleotide or amino acid to amino acid correspondence of the two polynucleotides or two polypeptide sequences, respectively, over the length of the sequences being compared.
For sequences where there is not an exact correspondence, a “percent identity” may be determined. In general, the two sequences to be compared are aligned to give a maximum correlation between the sequences. This may include inserting “gaps” in either one or both sequences, to enhance the degree of alignment. A percent identity may be determined over the whole length of each of the sequences being compared (so-called global alignment), that is particularly suitable for sequences of the same or very similar length, or over shorter, defined lengths (so-called local alignment), that is more suitable for sequences of unequal length.
Methods for comparing the identity and homology of two or more sequences are well known in the art. Thus for instance, programs available in the Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package, version 9.1 (Devereux, et al., Nucleic acids Research, 12: 387 (1984)), for example the programs BESTFIT and GAP, may be used to determine the percentage identity between two polynucleotides and the percentage identity and the percentage homology between two polypeptide sequences. BESTFIT uses the “local homology” algorithm of Smith and Waterman (Advances in Applied Mathematics, 2; 482-489 (1981)) and finds the best single region of similarity between two sequences. Other programs for determining identity and/or similarity between sequences are also known in the art, for instance the BLAST family of programs (Atschul et al., J. Molec. Biol., 215: 403 (1990), accessible through the home page of the NCBI, at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and FASTA (Pearson W R, Methods in Enzymology, 183: 63-98 (1990)).
Muteins of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, which can be used in accordance with the present invention include a finite set of substantially corresponding sequences as substitution peptides which can be routinely obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art, without undue experimentation, based on the teachings and guidance presented herein.
Preferred changes for muteins in accordance with the present invention are what are known as “conservative” substitutions. Conservative amino acid substitutions of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, may include synonymous amino acids within a group which have sufficiently similar physicochemical properties that substitution between members of the group will preserve the biological function of the molecule. It is clear that insertions and deletions of amino acids may also be made in the above-defined sequences without altering their function, particularly if the insertions or deletions only involve a few amino acids, e.g., under thirty, and preferably under ten, and do not remove or displace amino acids which are critical to a functional conformation, e.g., cysteine residues. Proteins and muteins produced by such deletions and/or insertions come within the scope of the present invention.
Thus the amino acids glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine can often be substituted for one another (amino acids having aliphatic side chains). Of these possible substitutions it is preferred that glycine and alanine are used to substitute for one another (since they have relatively short side chains) and that valine, leucine and isoleucine are used to substitute for one another (since they have larger aliphatic side chains which are hydrophobic). Other amino acids which can often be substituted for one another include: phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan (amino acids having aromatic side chains); lysine, arginine and histidine (amino acids having basic side chains); aspartate and glutamate (amino acids having acidic side chains); asparagine and glutamine (amino acids having amide side chains); and cysteine and methionine (amino acids having sulphur containing side chains). Substitutions of this nature are often referred to as “conservative” or “semi-conservative” amino acid substitutions.
Amino acid changes relative to the sequence for the fusion protein of the invention can be made using any suitable technique e.g. by using site-directed mutagenesis.
It should be appreciated that amino acid substitutions or insertions within the scope of the present invention can be made using naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring amino acids. Whether or not natural or synthetic amino acids are used, it is preferred that only L-amino acids are present.
In addition fusion proteins comprising Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, fused with another peptide or protein fragment may be also be used provided that the fusion protein retains the activity of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C. The term “fusion protein” in this text means, in general terms, one or more proteins joined together by chemical means, including hydrogen bonds or salt bridges, or by peptide bonds through protein synthesis or both.
“Functional derivatives” as used herein cover derivatives of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, and their muteins, which may be prepared from the functional groups which occur as side chains on the residues or are additions to the N- or C-terminal groups, by means known in the art, and are included in the invention as long as they remain pharmaceutically acceptable, i.e. they do not destroy the activity of the protein which is substantially similar to the activity of blood factors, and do not confer toxic properties on compositions containing it.
These derivatives may, for example, include aliphatic esters of the carboxyl groups, amides of the carboxyl groups by reaction with ammonia or with primary or secondary amines, N-acyl derivatives of free amino groups of the amino acid residues formed with acyl moieties (e.g. alkanoyl or carboxylic aroyl groups) or O-acyl derivatives of free hydroxyl groups (for example that of seryl or threonyl residues) formed with acyl moieties, including for example glycosylation of available hydroxyl residues.
An “active fragment of blood factor” according to the present invention may be a fragment of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C or a mutein as defined herein. The term fragment refers to any subset of the molecule, that is, a shorter peptide that retains the desired biological activity. Fragments may readily be prepared by removing amino acids from either end of the blood factor molecule and testing the resultant fragment for its properties as described herein. Proteases for removing one amino acid at a time from either the N-terminal or the C-terminal of a polypeptide are known, and so determining fragments, which retain the desired biological activity, involves only routine experimentation.
As active fractions of an Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C, muteins and active fragments thereof, the present invention further covers any fragment or precursors of the polypeptide chain of the protein molecule alone or together with associated molecules or residues linked thereto, e.g., sugar or phosphate residues, or aggregates of the protein molecule or the sugar residues by themselves, provided said fraction has substantially similar activity to Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C.
The term “salts” herein refers to both salts of carboxyl groups and to acid addition salts of amino groups of the Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C molecule or analogs thereof. Salts of a carboxyl group may be formed by means known in the art and include inorganic salts, for example, sodium, calcium, ammonium, ferric or zinc salts, and the like, and salts with organic bases as those formed, for example, with amines, such as triethanolamine, arginine or lysine, piperidine, procaine and the like. Acid addition salts include, for example, salts with mineral acids, such as, for example, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and salts with organic acids, such as, for example, acetic acid or oxalic acid. Of course, any such salts must retain the biological activity of blood factors as described herein.
The “area under the curve” or “AUC”, as used herein in the context of administering a therapeutic agent to a patient, is defined as total area under the curve that describes the concentration of a drug in systemic circulation in the patient as a function of time from zero to infinity. As used herein the term “clearance” or “renal clearance” is defined as the volume of plasma that contains the amount of drug excreted per minute.
As used herein the term “half-life” or “t1/2”, in the context of administering a peptide drug to a patient, is defined as the time required for plasma concentration of a drug in a patient to be reduced by one half. There may be more than one half-life associated with the peptide drug depending on multiple clearance mechanisms, redistribution, and other mechanisms well known in the art. Usually, alpha and beta half-lives are defined such that the alpha phase is associated with redistribution, and the beta phase is associated with clearance. However, with protein drugs that are, for the most part, confined to the bloodstream, there can be at least two clearance half-lives. The precise impact of PEGylation on alpha phase and beta phase half-lives will vary depending upon the size and other parameters, as is well known in the art. Further explanation of “half-life” is found in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (1997, DFA Crommelin and RD Sindelar, eds., Harwood Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 101-120).
As used herein the term “residence time”, in the context of administering a peptide drug to a patient, is defined as the average time that drug stays in the body of the patient after dosing.
As used herein the term “immunogenicity”, in the context of administering a peptide drug to a patient, is defined as the propensity of that peptide drug to illicit an immune response in the patient after dosing, or after repeat dosing.
As used herein the term “molecular dimensions” means the weight, size and/or shape of an agent. Thus, “increasing the molecular dimensions by modification” means that the molecular dimensions are increased such that the agent is too large in physical size to pass through the blood vessel walls into the blood stream. The molecular dimensions, however do not necessarily mean an increase in molecular weight, if, for example, an agent is truncated prior to modification. Molecular dimensions may include molecular/weight, size and/or conformation provide that the modified agent retains activity and cannot pass directly into the blood vessels without being delivered thereto by the lymphatic system.
As used herein, the term “subcutaneous delivery” or “subcutaneous administration” means delivery by any suitable means such that the therapeutic agent is delivered through the skin directly to the subcutaneous space.
As used herein, “dose adjusted” in the context of subcutaneous doses of the modified agent means the intravenous dose for the modified agent multiplied by the fraction intravenous Cmax/subcutaneous Cmax. As explained herein, the methods of the present invention allow for less frequent dosing and/or higher doses to be given to a patient when compared to the unmodified or modified agent administered intravenously. “Dose unadjusted” in the context of subcutaneous doses means the same dose of intravenous of the modified agent is delivered as would be delivered intravenously.
As used herein, the term “subcutaneous space” means the connective tissue under the skin. It excludes blood vessels, the blood stream and internal organs.
By “native state” it is meant the state in which an agent exists prior to modification and in the state in which it is generally intravenously administered to a patient in a pharmaceutically acceptable form.
The subcutaneous dosage forms of the invention may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, adjuvant or carrier. Subcutaneous dosage forms adapted for subcutaneous administration can include aqueous and/or non-aqueous sterile injection solution(s) which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation substantially isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. Excipients which may be used for injectable solutions include water, alcohols, polyols, glycerine and vegetable oils, for example. The compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carried, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
In general, the subcutaneous dosage forms may contain preserving agents, solubilising agents, stabilising agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, colourants, salts (active substances of the present invention may themselves be provided in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt), buffers, or antioxidants. They may also contain therapeutically active agents in addition to the substance of the present invention. The subcutaneous dosage forms of the invention may be employed in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable diluents, adjuvants, or carriers. Such excipients may include, but are not limited to, saline, buffered saline (such as phosphate buffered saline), dextrose, liposomes, water, glycerol, ethanol and combinations thereof.
Subcutaneous administration of the subcutaneous dosage forms described herein may be undertaken in any effective, convenient manner effective for treating a patient's disease. The dosage form may be a liquid form or a solid form. Liquid forms may be ready for use or prepared as concentrates which are then diluted prior to subcutaneous administration. Solid forms may suitably be reconstituted in an appropriate administration vehicle for subcutaneous administration. In therapy or as a prophylactic, the active agent administered to an individual as an injectable composition may be, for example, a sterile aqueous dispersion, preferably isotonic.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a liquid dosage form of a modified blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration no more than once a month wherein the dosage form has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% of that achieved by intravenous administration of the modified blood factor for use in the treatment of a blood clotting disorder.
This aspect of the invention also includes methods of treatment of a blood clotting disease or trauma in a subject comprising administering subcutaneously a dosage form of a modified blood clotting factor as defined herein to a subject in need thereof.
The invention therefore also provides the use of a modified blood clotting factor in the manufacture of a medicament comprising a dosage form as defined herein for the treatment of a blood clotting disorder in a subject wherein said medicament is for subcutaneous administration and has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% of that achieved by intravenous administration of the modified blood factor. Suitably, the Cmax is from 20% to 80%, or from 30% to 70%, or from 40% to 60%. In one embodiment, Cmax is 75 to 80% and the blood factor may be FVII. In another embodiment Cmax is 10% to 25% and the blood factor may be FVIII. In yet another embodiment Cmax is 40% to 60% and the blood factor may be FIX.
Blood clotting diseases or disorders may be characterised by a loss of function of a blood clotting factor, or the generation of auto-antibodies. Examples of blood clotting diseases include haemophilia A and haemophilia B.
Factor VIIa can be used in the treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia A or B, or in treatment of patients who have developed inhibitory antibodies against FVIII or IX, respectively. Factor VIII can be used in the treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A and Factor IX can be used in the treatment of patients with haemophilia B.
As used herein, the term “treatment” includes any regime that can benefit a human or a non-human mammal. The treatment of “non-human mammals” extends to the treatment of domestic mammals, including horses and companion animals (e.g. cats and dogs) and farm/agricultural animals including members of the ovine, caprine, porcine, bovine and equine families. The treatment may be in respect of any existing condition or disorder, or may be prophylactic (preventive treatment). The treatment may be of an inherited or an acquired disease. The treatment may be of an acute or chronic condition.
The subcutaneous dosage forms of the invention may be employed alone or in conjunction with other compounds, such as therapeutic compounds or molecules, e.g. anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics or antibiotics, or other pharmaceutically active agents which may promote or enhance the activity of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C, for example another blood coagulation factor. Such administration with other compounds may be simultaneous, separate or sequential. The components may be prepared in the form of a kit which may comprise instructions as appropriate.
Levels of activity in the blood coagulation cascade may be measured by any suitable assay, for example the Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) test or the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT).
The Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT) test measures the time taken for whole blood to form a clot in an external environment, usually a glass tube or dish.
The Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) test measures a parameter of part of the blood clotting pathway. It is abnormally elevated in Haemophilia and by intravenous heparin therapy. The APTT requires a few millilitres of blood from a vein. The APTT time is a measure of one part of the clotting system known as the “intrinsic pathway”. The APTT value is the time in seconds for a specific clotting process to occur in the laboratory test. This result is always compared to a “control” sample of normal blood. If the test sample takes longer than the control sample, it indicates decreased clotting function in the intrinsic pathway. General medical therapy usually aims for a range of APTT of the order of 45 to 70 seconds, but the value may also be expressed as a ratio of test to normal, for example 1.5 times normal. A high APTT in the absence of heparin treatment can be due to Haemophilia, which may require further testing.
The invention also provides a kit of parts comprising a subcutaneous dosage form of invention, and an administration vehicle including injectable solutions for subcutaneous administration, said kit suitably comprising instructions for use thereof.
In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of a modified blood coagulation factor (suitably, Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C) for subcutaneous administration which when formulated for subcutaneous administration to a subject provides an no more than once per month dosage form sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said subject of less than 15 minutes. The dosage formulation may suitably have a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously.
The invention therefore provides a dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of a modified blood coagulation factor selected from the group consisting of Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor VIIa, Factor V, Factor XIII, von Willebrand's Factor or Protein C for subcutaneous administration which when formulated for subcutaneous administration to a subject provides an no more than once per month dosage form sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said subject of less than 12 minutes.
In one embodiment the invention therefore provides a dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of 25 to 50 IU/kg of a PEGylated blood coagulation factor selected from the group consisting of Factor VIIa, Factor VIII and Factor IX for subcutaneous administration no more than once per week.
A liquid dosage form of the invention may comprises a modified blood coagulation factor as defined herein for subcutaneous administration no more than once per month wherein the dosage form has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% for use in the treatment of a blood clotting disorder.
Such compositions may find particular utility in methods of treatment of a blood clotting disease or trauma in a subject comprising administering subcutaneously a dosage form of a blood clotting factor according to the invention to a subject in need thereof.
The dosage forms of the invention when administered subcutaneously have a bioavailability and efficacy comparable to the levels the respective modified analogue blood clotting factor when administered intravenously by both circulating titre and clotting activity.
In another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a dosage form for subcutaneous administration comprising a blood clotting factor as defined herein modified to a straight-chain, mono-disperse polyethyleneglycol molecule via a three carbon bridge moiety to a single disulphide bond in the protein.
A liquid dosage form of the invention may be prepared by formulating the PEG-conjugated blood clotting factor in an aqueous solution, buffered to physiological and in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant and optionally a stabiliser.
Preferred features for the second and subsequent aspects of the invention are as for the first aspect mutatis mutandis.
The product impact of a modified agent in accordance with the invention has been shown to be superior to the same modified agent delivered intravenously. Product impact can be defined as being the improvement in, for example, the WBCT. This defined as initial WBCT divided by the WBCT at a particular time point. Using this method, modified blood clotting agents delivered subcutaneously consistently showed a higher product impact than the same product delivered intravenously at the same time point.
According to the present invention, there is a lower immune response arising from subcutaneous administration of therapeutic agents which have been modified, for example by the addition of a biocompatible polymer. This effect is diametrically opposite to what would be expected prior to the present invention by someone of ordinary skill in the art of administration of pharmaceutical formulations. For example, in the field of blood factor formulations, it is generally accepted that administration of an unmodified blood factor subcutaneously would be expected to stimulate an immunogenic response (creation of FVIII inhibitors) or to trigger an immune response by the existing population of FVIII inhibitors.
Relative immune response to blood clotting factors can be measured in Bethesda units. A Bethesda unit (BU) is a measure of blood coagulation inhibitor activity. According to Practical Haemostasis, “1 Bethesda Unit (Bu) is defined as the amount of inhibitor in a plasma sample which will neutralise 50% of 1 unit of Factor VIII:C in normal plasma after 2 hr incubation at 37° C.” (Schumacher, Harold Robert (2000). Handbook of Hematologic Pathology. Informa Health Care, p. 583).
In the present invention, a very surprising outcome has been found. In order to lower the incidence of immune (inhibitor) responses it is proposed to adopt subcutaneous administration where the level of immune response is directly related to the level of systemic exposure. By providing a subcutaneous delivery, the Cmax can be radically lowered and in so doing there is a lowering of immune response.
As an example, the present invention describes the surprising depot effect encountered with blood factors when conjugated to polymers such as PEG. Moreover, the results show that it is possible to engineer the rate at which blood factors are made available from the subcutaneous space by manipulating the level of hydration imposed on the protein from the size (or amount) of PEG.
From the results shown in the present application it can be seen that for therapeutic agents modified by one polymer chain that such agents have a slower rate of entry into the plasma than the corresponding di-conjugated forms where two polymer chains are added.
In other words, the mono-conjugated products would appear to have more of the protein exposed by comparison to the di-conjugated products. This condition would mean that the higher-order conjugated forms would be more water dispersible and therefore a fast rate of entry via the lymphatic vessels into the plasma.
Surprisingly therefore, to achieve the longest duration of depot release, a lesser degree of modification is required. Without being bound by theory, this can be rationalised by the lesser degree of modification exposing some of the therapeutic agent to the subcutaneous tissue which confers a slow rate on the diffusion through the lymph. By contrast the higher degree of modification covers the therapeutic agent completely leaving the product free to quickly enter the blood circulation.
Overall, there is a very surprising total effect whereby the combination of modification followed by subcutaneous delivery, renders an observed 35-fold increase in apparent half-life following subcutaneous (SQ) administration).
Finally, it can be seen overall that the bioavailability favours the higher order conjugated forms, confirming that the higher the level of modification and hydration levels promote a higher degree of mobility and therefore bioavailability.
All features of each aspect apply to all other aspects of the invention, mutatis mutandis.
Reference is also made herein to the following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows the blood coagulation cascade. Abbreviations: HMWK—High Molecular Weight Kininogen; PK—Prekallikrein; PL—Phospholipid.
FIG. 2 shows the steps involved in disulphide-specific biopolymer conjugation chemistry with the use of a PEGylation reagent as an example of a conjugation reagent (from Shaunak et al. in Nat. Chem. Biol. 2006; 2(6):312-313).
FIG. 3 shows Whole Blood Clotting Times (WBCT) following subcutaneous (SQ) administration of PEGhrFIX to subject Dog 1 and hrFIX to subject Dog 2.
FIG. 4 shows APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) Values with Time Following SQ Administration.
FIG. 5 shows APTT of Retained Plasma Following SQ Administration.
FIG. 6 shows APTT Relative Values to Baseline Following SQ Administration.
FIG. 7 shows subject Dog 9 WBCT following 25 IU/Kg SQ Administration.
FIG. 8 shows PK profiles and parameters of FVIIa following 200 ug/kg rFVIIa.
FIG. 9 shows PK profiles and parameters of FVIIa following 800 ug/kg TheraPEG-rFVIIa.
FIG. 10 shows PK profiles and parameters of FVIIa following 1600 ug/kg TheraPEG-rFVIIa.
FIG. 11 shows concentration of FVIII in Plasma (all dogs).
FIG. 12 shows concentration of FVIII in Plasma (SQ administered dogs only).
FIG. 13 shows immune data (Bethesda value) for PEGFVIII administered subcutaneously (SQ) compared to intravenous (IV), number of subjects is given by “n”.
The invention will now be further described by way of reference to the following Examples which are included for the purposes of illustration only and should not be construed as being limiting. References to subcutaneous administration of dosage formulations of the invention are given as SQ (s.c.) and intravenous administration as IV (i.v.).
Preparation of Dosage Forms and Administration Subcutaneously
The study includes an assessment of the bioavailability and efficacy of hrFIX following subcutaneous administration. Naked (unPEGylated) hrFIX was compared to its PEGylated analogue by both circulating titre and clotting activity.
10 kDa PEGylated hrFIX was prepared following standard technology whereby 10 kDa, straight-chain, mono-disperse polyethyleneglycol was conjugated via a three carbon bridge to a single disulphide bond.
The test article was prepared for administration by forming a suitable aqueous solution, buffered to pH 6.8 with 10 mM histidine, 40 mM NaCl and 0.005% Tween® 80. 1 mM benzamidine was added as a stabiliser.
On the basis that dilution studies of hrFIX showed comparable clotting times with PEGrFIX at 25% dilution, the allocated potency for this study was 4× protein equivalents. The control article was supplied as a lyophilised powder and prepared for administration following the enclosed instructions for reconstitution. The delivery vehicle is identical to that described above for PEG.
As an adjunct to this study it was decided to explore the possibility of subcutaneous (SQ) administration of rFIX. The prospect of the PEGylated form of rFIX being suitable for SQ administration emerged from the above observation that PEG provided a shielding effect of the protein. Historically the SQ route was considered unavailable for FIX since there was the concern that this would exacerbate the incidence of antibody production and would not translate into meaningful quantities in the blood.
In this part of the study PEGhrFIX 50 IU/Kg was administered subcutaneously to an additional test animal (Dog 1) and compared to 2 SQ administrations of naked hrFIX) to 2 other test subjects, namely Dog 6 and Dog 2 respectively.
In this particular representation, each animal had a slightly different baseline so for ease of comparison, the pre-administration APTT level was normalised to 1. Dog 1 and Dog 2 were the test subjects in the previous PEGrFIX trial in January 2010 from which the recorded plasma titres following intravenous administration were available for comparison.
Blood samples were taken over a regular time course to follow the decay of titre and the effect on blood coagulation. Table 1 is a summary of the titres measured at 22 hours as circulating FIX following intravenous administration.
TABLE 1 Subject Article Dose (IU/Kg) Titre
Dog 1 PEGhrFIX 50 9.9 Dog 2 Benefix ® 50 5.6 Dog 3 hrFIX 50 5.1 Dog 4 PEGhrFIX 50 9.7 Dog 5 PEGhrFIX 100 11.1 Dog 6 PEGhrFIX 100 10.2 Dog 7 PEGhrFIX 150 17.6 Dog 8 PEGhrFIX 150 75.5
Table 2 shows comparison of measured Circulating FIX Titre at 22 Hours Following subcutaneous (SQ) Administration.
Dog 1 PEGhrFIX 50 7.8 Dog 6 hrFIX 50 1.7 Dog 2 Benefix ® 25 ND
It can be seen that 25 IU/Kg of Benefix® by the SQ route was undetectable in circulation and 50 IU/Kg of PEGhrFIX was barely detectable in plasma. In stark contrast the SQ administration of PEGhrFIX was at a level (7.8) approaching that of the IV administered product (9.9).
The effect of these titres on the correction of clotting times was then investigated. In the first instance the whole blood clotting times were recorded. The WBCT following subcutaneous administration is displayed in Table 3 and in FIG. 3. In addition, APTT on Hemochron® Junior was also recorded and the values are shown in Table 4 below (Whole blood citrated) and in FIG. 4 after subcutaneous administration. The APTT values on retained plasma samples are displayed in Table 5 and in FIG. 5 also following subcutaneous administration.
Whole Blood Clotting Time (minutes)** Following Subcutaneous Administration
Hours Dog 1 (PEGhrFIX) Dog 2 (hrFIX)
6 4 45* 22 3.5 45 48 8 45 72 9.5 45 120 4 45 144 4 45 168 45 45 192 45 45 216 45 45 *Note - 45 minutes was the time at which monitoring was ceased, due to no clot having been formed, according to standard procedures. **both dogs were naïve dogs, meaning they had not previously been exposed to FIX.
Citrated APTT Following Subcutaneous Administration
Dog 1 (PEGhrFIX Dog 2 (hrFIX)
Pre 279.7 225.1 6 99.4 375.5 22 75.6 328.7 48 88.6 72 90.1 261.7 120 124.4 274.5 144 138.9 301 168 300 372.5 192 254.2 216 300 298.3
APTT Following Subcutaneous Administration
Dog1 (PEGhrFIX Dog 2 (hrFIX)
Pre 67.2 66.3 6 44.6 71.9 22 40.2 61.1 48 45.3 64.7 72 43.9 60.7 120 49.6 59.6 144 — 58.5 168 55.4 64.9
FIG. 6—This collection of data clearly shows that naked rFIX is (practically) not bioavailable from subcutaneous injection. This is entirely expected from published literature and general knowledge of the art. It is all the more surprising then such high circulating titres of rFIX can be detected following subcutaneous injection of PEGhrFIX. Indeed it can be seen in table 10 that ca 80% of the subcutaneously injected PEGrFIX is available for participation in haemostatic control.
The contrast is starkest in the measured clotting times, both WBCT and APTT for rFIX are barely corrected, whereas PEGhrFIX from subcutaneous injection corrects clotting times immediately. The duration of haemostasis by these measurements is prolonged to approximately 1 week from a single 50 IU/Kg subcutaneous injection.
Dog 9 Subcutaneous Administration (SQ) of hrFIX
Given the success of the above SQ studies it was decided to conduct a further single SQ administration of PEGhrFIX and similarly follow haemostatic control over an extended period. The test subject chosen was a naïve subject Dog 9 to explore the influence of neutralising antibodies on the SQ route of administration.
Studies of human blood factors in dogs are confounded by the response of the canine immune system to a human protein. Human rFIX is a xenoprotein therefore in canine studies and neutralising antibodies should be expected at some point following administration of the test article. Indeed when test subjects are reintroduced to human blood factors the production of antibodies is more pronounced and speedier. The subjects Dog 1 and Dog 7 following subcutaneous administration have a shortened haemostasis period as a consequence.
The test subject Dog 9 was a naïve animal and was given a small subcutaneous dose and therefore revealed the true sustained protection that PEGylated blood factors of this invention can provide. Since Dog 9 had no previous exposure to human blood factors the true underlying (and highly surprising) result was observed.
FIG. 7 shows results for WBCT following 25 IU/Kg subcutaneous (SQ) administration of PEGylated IB1001 to Dog 9 of a dose of 1 ml (volume 1 ml)) and also in Table 6 below.
TABLE 6 Time WBCT FIX Titre APTT (hours) (minutes) (% Normal) (seconds)
Pre 45 67.2 6 1.75 0.68 53.8 24 6 2.46 50.9 48 9.5 2.42 49.8 72 3 1.69 55.6 94 9 1.24 57.7 118 5.5 1.13 53.2 142 8 0.66 56.3 168 9 0.28 61.4 189 18 ND 64.3 216 22.5 ND 47.7 240 25 ND 59.7 336 61.4
Comparative Example
Comparison of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of FIX and PEG-FIX.
TABLE 7* Dose IV SQ SQ/IV Animal IU/kg Type Cmax ng/ml Cmax ng/ml % Cmax
Beagle 200 BFIX 4517.5 550.7 12% Haemophilia 200 BFIX 7916 658.3 8.2% B (HB) dog *from McCarthy et al Thromb. Haemost. 87(5) 824-830, (2002).
TABLE 8 Dose IV SQ SQ/IV Animal IU/kg Type % Normal % Normal % Cmax
Dog 1 50 PEGFIX 9.9 7.8 78.8% Dog 7 50 PEGFIX 7.8 Dog 6 50 hrFIX 1.7 Dog 2 25 BFIX ND BFIX = Benefix ® PEGFIX = PEG-hrFIX
Results show a Cmax of the subcutaneous dose of 78.8% of the intravenous dose. The percentage values for IV and SQ compared to normal appear to be low but are actually experimental artefacts. It is assumed that the FIX in each case is being spun down with the cells as the samples are prepared. It can be seen that the value of 9.9% for an intravenous dose is actually a representation of a good result. Consequently, the comparison with 7.8% for a subcutaneous dose is favourable as indicated by the calculated Cmax value given.
Administration of hrFIX by subcutaneous injection of both 25 and 50 IU/Kg resulted in a barely detectable circulating titre and did not correct haemophilia in the canine subjects.
In stark contrast to the above, subcutaneous dosing of 50 IU/Kg of PEGhrFIX gave rise to approximately 80% bioavailability and corrected clotting times to be within the normal range for duration of 1 week.
Factor VIIa with 20 kDa PEG
This example reports a study on PEGFVIIa Bioavailability of Blood Factor from Subcutaneous Injection. Two haemophilic dogs (HB) were treated with equipotent quantities of PEGFVIIa at time 0; one intravenously (IV), one subcutaneously (SQ). Blood samples were taken and the plasma recovered to be measured for FVIIa protein. The table of results display a bioavailability from subcutaneous administration of 89.5%.
Time PEGylated blood factor VIIa plasma titres
(hours) IV SQ
0 9.5 9.5 4 167.5 73.9 (max) 12 122.2 62.4 24 45.7 57.5 48 23.1 39.6 72 9.3 22.5 Average 62.88 44.23 Max/ 2.66 1.67 Average
The presence of PEG confers aqueous solubility which facilitates mobility in lymph vessels. The data shows a steady controlled infusion of FVIIa rather than the bolus peak and trough associated with the IV injection.
The area under the curve indicates 89.5% bioavailability for PEGylated FVIIa and a more steady state of the level of FVIIa when delivered subcutaneously.
PEGFVIII Drug Products
To make the comparison, reference is made to Kogenate® FS (a commercially available recombinant FVIII). The PEGylated excipient, Tween® 80 is used in large quantity.
Polysorbate, Tween® 80, has a molecular weight of 1310 g/mol, 880 g of which is derived from PEGylation (total monomer units of 20 which each carry 44 g/mol, (CH2-CH2-O)).
The calculation is thus:
Molar PEG Length Equivalent:
Reference: Product Monograph Example taken 250 IU Vial
FVIII Molecular weight 3.00E+05 g/mol IU/g 4.00+06 IU/g IU/Vial 2.50E+02 IU/Vial Vial volumes 2.50E+00 ml/vial Polysorbate concentration 6.40E−05 g/ml Molecular weight Polysorbate 1.31E+03 g/mol Molecular weight PEG per mol Polysorbate 880 g/mol
TABLE 10 FVIII Kogenate ® Polysorbate
4.00E+06 IU/g 1.31E+03 g/mol 3.00E+05 g/mol 6.40E−05 g/ml 1.2E+12 IU/Mol 2.50E+00 ml/vial 1.60E−04 g/vial 2.50E+0.2 IU/Vial 2.08E−10 Mol/vial 1.22E−07 mol/vial Ratio of Tween ®/FVIII 5.86E+02 PEG equivalent Mol Wt. 5.16E+05
Therefore, in Kogenate® FS, each FVIII molecule has the equivalent of an associated 516 kDa PEG. By comparison, the PEGFVIII dosage formulation prepared according to the present invention has a single 20 kDa PEG.
Conclusions: On a dose-for-dose basis there is a 25.8 fold reduction in polyethylene glycol; given the PEG-FVIII dosage formulation of the present invention may be administered once per week versus a prophylactic use of Kogenate® on a three times a week basis, there is a potential overall reduction of ca 80-fold reduction in the administration of PEG; and the amount of PEG administered by the FVIII dosage formulation of the present invention over a dosing period is 1.25% of that administered by Kogenate®.
Subcutaneous administration FVIIa
The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics of TheraPEGylated and non-TheraPEGylated recombinant human FVIIa (TheraPEGrFVIIa and FVIIa respectively) following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in haemophilic B dogs.
TheraPEGylation of transgenic FVIIa (rFVIIa) was carried out according to WO 2011/135308. TheraPEGrFVIIa was supplied to the test site as a lyophile in multiple batches which, on reconstitution with high purity water, resulted in 1 mg/ml TheraPEGrFVIIa in a physiologically acceptable buffer which maintained activity of FVIIa
The experimental animals were Lhasa Apso-Basenji cross dogs with congenital severe haemophilia B caused by a 5-bp deletion and a C→T transition in the F9 gene that results in an early stop codon and unstable FIX transcript. Prior to dosing, all dogs were tested to verify normal health status, including complete blood chemistry, serum chemistry profile fibrinogen, fibrinogen derived peptides (FDPs), thrombin time and urinary analysis. Drugs given intravenously (IV) were given as a bolus injection into the cephalic vein. Subcutaneous (SQ) doses were given between the scapula as a single dose.
Individual batches of TheraPEGrFVIIa were reconstituted and then combined in order to produce a single dose solution used to dose the animals as described in Table 11.
TABLE 11 Dog Dog Dose Dose Subject and Weight Dose Level Amount Code (Gender) (kg) Drug route (ug/kg) (mg)
Dog 9 5.4 TheraPEG- SQ 800 4.32 HB1 rFVIIa (Male) Dog 3 11.4 rFVIIa SQ 200 2.28 HB2 (Male) Dog 5 5.6 TheraPEG- IV 800 4.48 HB3 rFVIIa (female) Dog 7 10.0 rFVIIa IV 200 2.0 HB4 (female) Dog 10 5.5 TheraPEG- IV 1600 8.8 HB5 rFVIIa (female) Dog 11 4.8 TheraPEG- SQ 1600 7.68 HB6 rFVIIa (male)
A 5 ml blood sample was protocolled to be taken from each dog at the following times points: Pre-drug administration and at 10, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours post-dose.
4 ml of the blood sample was transferred into a tube containing 0.109M tri-sodium citrate anticoagulant (9:1 v/v) on ice. Plasma was prepared by centrifugation of the remaining citrated blood and the resulting plasma samples were stored in aliquots at −80° C. An aliquot of plasma was assayed for FVIIa concentration by ELISA.
The Stago Asserachrom VII:Ag ELISA assay is an enzyme linked immunoassay procedure for the quantitative determination of Factor VII/VIIa concentration in plasma samples. The assay is a sandwich ELISA which comprises of microtitre wells pre-coated with a rabbit anti-human FVII antibody. Because the antibody has a different affinity for FVIIa than for PEG-FVIIa, a standard curve was prepared by dilution of a protein appropriate to the FVIIa that is present in the test plasma, i.e. rFVIIa (0.78 to 50 ng/ml) for assay of plasma from dogs that were administered rFVIIa, or PEG-rFVIIa (0.78 to 50 ng/ml) for assay of plasma from dogs that were administered PEG-rFVIIa.
Plasma samples were diluted to an appropriate concentration to fall within the standard curve. Diluted plasma samples and standards were loaded and incubated at room temperature before washing and subsequent development with a rabbit anti-human FVII HRP conjugate and OPD (a colorimetric HRP substrate). The plate was read at 492 nm and the concentration of the test samples (ng/ml) is read from the standard curve.
TABLE 12 Dose Tmax Cmax AUC(0-t) AUC(0-∞) Rate Half-life Bio. Route (h) (ng/mL) (ng · h/mL) (ng · h/mL) (/h) (h) (%)
IV 0.16 1643 2467 2534 0.2994 2.3 100 SQ 7.5 31.3 276 — — — 11
IV 0.5 19372 128305 129646 0.0256 27.0 100 SQ 12.0 1378 84960 87139 0.0262 26.5 67
IV 0.5 26609 236116 240449 0.050 13.8 100 SQ 24 2030 107728 108454 0.038 18.3 45.6
The IV and SQ profiles and PK parameters for 200 ug/kg FVIIa, 800 ug/kg TheraPEG-rFVIIa and 1600 ug/kg TheraPEG-rFVIIa are shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 (Table 12, Table 13 and Table 14). The half-life of TheraPEG-rFVIIa was found to be between 14 and 27 hours, which is a clear extension over the 2.3 hour half-life of non-PEGylated rFVIIa. The AUC of the 1600 ug/kg IV dose of TheraPEG-rFVIIa was 1.8× higher than that of the 800 ug/kg IV dose. However the 1600 ug/kg SQ dose was only 1.2× higher than that of the 800 ug/kg dose. This is reflected in the bioavailability calculations of 67% and 45% for the 800 ug/kg and 1600 ug/kg doses respectively, which represented a significant increase over the 11% SQ bioavailability observed for non-PEGylated rFVIIa.
The AUC for the 800 ug/kg IV dose of TheraPEG-rFVIIa is 84× that of the AUC following 200 ug/kg IV non-PEGylated rFVIIa and the AUC for the 800 ug/kg SQ dose of TheraPEG-rFVIIa is 300× that of 200 ug/kg SQ non-PEGylated rFVIIa.
Subcutaneous Administration FVIII
The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TheraPEGylated plasma derived FVIII (TheraPEG-pdFVIII) when administered intravenously and subcutaneously to haemophilic A dogs. TheraPEG-pdFVIII was prepared as described in WO 2011/135307 with a 20 kDa linear PEG and further purified to yield purified TheraPEG-pdFVIII.
The experimental animals were greyhound cross dogs which had congenital severe haemophilia A and had previously been administered canine plasma for the treatment of spontaneous bleeds, but were naïve to treatment with human FVIII. Prior to dosing, all animals were tested to verify normal health status, including complete blood chemistry, serum chemistry profile fibrinogen, fibrinogen derived peptides, thrombin time and urinary analysis.
Table 15 shows the weight of each dog and the FVIII doses that were administered. Each dog received a single dose of either TheraPEG-pdFVIII at a higher (approx. 0.14 mg/kg) or a lower (0.07 mg/kg) dose or non-PEGylated pdFVIII at 0.03 mg/kg. Intravenous (IV) administration was given as a bolus dose via the cephalic vein. Sub cutaneous (SQ) administration was given as a single dose between the scapulae.
TABLE 15 Dog subject Dose Dose total Dose (gender) Weight FVIII Conc. volume amount Dose Test article route and code (kg) (mg/ml) (ml) FVIII (mg) (mg FVIII/kg)
TheraPEG- SQ Dog 12 (F) 21.8 0.211 14 2.954 0.135 pdFVIII HA1 TheraPEG- SQ Dog 13 (M) 26.6 0.235 16 3.76 0.141 pdFVIII HA2 TheraPEG- IV Dog 14 (F) 20.6 0.211 14 2.954 0.143 pdFVIII HA3 TheraPEG- IV Dog 15 (M) 31 0.235 17.1 4.019 0.130 pdFVIII HA4 TheraPEG- SQ Dog 16 (M) 28 0.273 7.0 1.911 0.068 pdFVIII HA6 (low dose) Non-PEG'd SQ Dog 17 (F) 27.4 0.090* 9.0 0.810 0.030 pdFVIII HA5
A blood sample was protocolled to be taken from each dog at the following times points. Pre-drug administration and at 10, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216 and 240 hours post-dose. Whole blood (non-citrated) was used for the whole blood clotting assay and the activated clotting time assay. The remaining blood sample was transferred into tubes containing 0.109M tri-sodium citrate anticoagulant (9:1 v/v) on ice. The activated partial thromboplastin time assay was conducted on citrated blood. Plasma was prepared by centrifugation of the citrated blood and the resulting plasma samples were stored in aliquots at −80° C. for the FVIII antigen ELISA.
Whole Blood Clotting Time Assay (WBCT)
Blood samples were divided between 2 vacutubes, (2×0.5 ml), and observed carefully with periodic and judicious levelling of the tube until a clot was determined by interruption of flow in the fully horizontal position. The quality of the clot was then observed by holding the tube in the fully inverted position. The WBCT was recorded as the mean of the total time from sample extraction until visual observation of blood clot for both samples and the quality of the clot in the inverted position was also noted.
Activated Clotting Time (ACT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
The ACT and APTT tests were carried out using a Haemachron Jr coagulation analyzer (International Technidyne Corps.) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The concentration of FVIII antigen in plasma samples was determined by ELISA using the Visulize FVIII antigen kit from Affinity Biologicals (Ancaster, Ontario, Canada) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Whole Blood Clotting Time (WBCT)
Haemostasis (WBCT<12 minutes) was maintained in all dogs that had received the higher dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA1-4) for between 80-100 hours. There appeared to be no difference in the WBCT profile between IV and SQ administration. A lower dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA6) given SQ maintained haemostasis for between 56-75 hours. In contrast, although non-PEGylated FVIII administered SQ reduced the WBCT, it did not result in a sustained WBCT below 12 minutes.
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
ACT was reduced into the normal range of less than 200 seconds in all dogs that had received the higher dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA1-4) for approximately 80 hours post-dose. There was no difference in the ACT profile between IV and SQ administration.
A lower dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA6) given SQ maintained ACT below 200 seconds for at least 36 h. In contrast, although non-PEGylated FVIII given SQ reduced the ACT, it did not result in a sustained ACT below 200 seconds.
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
APTT was reduced to less than 60 seconds in all dogs that had received the higher dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA1-4) for approximately 60 hours post-dose. There was no difference in the APTT profile between IV and SQ administration.
A lower dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII (HA6) given SQ maintained APTT at less than 60 seconds for 40 h. In contrast, although non-PEGylated FVIII given SQ reduced the APTT, the shortest APTT time was 80 seconds. The reason why the APTT for this individual remained below base-line value for the duration of the study post-dose is obscure, but may be due to dog-to-dog variation.
FVIII Plasma Concentrations and Pharmacokinetics
The FVIII plasma concentration against time in all dogs is shown in FIG. 11. The data for SQ dosed dogs alone is shown in FIG. 12. Raw data are listed in Tables 23-28. Key PK parameters are shown in Table 16.
The half-life of TheraPEG-FVIII administered SQ was 18.3 h and 16.6 h for HA1 and 2 respectively. When administered IV, half-lives were slightly shorter at 15.2 h and 13.9 h for HA3 and 4 respectively. Bioavailability was calculated at 32% following SQ administration. The concentrations of FVIII following SQ administration of non-PEGylated FVIII (HA5) were mainly below the level of quantification and therefore no PK parameters could be calculated.
TABLE 16 Dose Dog Tmax Cmax AUC0-t AUC0-∞ λz t1/2 (mg/kg) Ref. (h) (% Normal) (% Normal · h) (% Normal · h) (/h) (h)
0.135 HA1 (SQ) 8.00 31.20 871.4 1066.8 0.0379 18.3 0.141 HA2 (SQ) 8.00 32.80 1085.3 1171.7 0.0417 16.6 0.143 HA3 (IV) 0.16 176.40 2929.8 3698.0 0.0456 15.2 0.130 HA4 (IV) 0.16 179.20 3302.8 3522.8 0.0500 13.9 0.068 HA6 (SQ) 4.00 9.01 345.2 510.1* 0.0143* 48.4* *Approximate value due to variability of data.
Sub-cutaneous delivery of the higher dose of TheraPEG-FVIII resulted in haemostatic control for 80-100 hours following a single dose as measured by WBCT, APTT and ACT. The profile of SQ in these assays was indistinguishable from the profile of an equivalent dose of TheraPEG-FVIII given IV This clearly demonstrated the feasibility of delivering TheraPEG-FVIII SQ.
The half-life of TheraPEG-pdFVIII ranged from 13.9 to 18.3 h. This demonstrates a clear extension in half-life compared to marketed recombinant FVIII which is reported to be 7-11 h in haemophilia A dogs (Karpf et al., Haemophilia 17, 5 (2011)). Hence, the TheraPEG-FVIII was not only bioavailable SQ but also demonstrated an extended half-life.
The PK profile of FVIII following SQ administration of TheraPEG-pdFVIII had a much reduced Cmax and AUC compared to IV administration and bioavailability was determined to be 32%. However, at this dose level, due to the “slow release” nature of the PK curve, exposures were maintained above the 5% normal level following SQ administration for a similar amount of time as after the IV dose which is likely to explain the equivalent functional responses. The decrease in Cmax and AUC, coupled to the increase in duration of action for SQ delivered TheraPEG-FVIII highlighted potential, additional safety features of this product and dosing options.
Sub-cutaneous administration of non-PEGylated FVIII resulted in no detectable FVIII in plasma and although clotting times were reduced, there was no sustainable maintenance of haemostasis. This demonstrated that non-PEGylated FVIII had a very low SQ bioavailability, but that very small amounts of FVIII can affect haemostasis. In contrast to non-PEGylated FVIII, a low dose of TheraPEG-pdFVIII resulted in plasma levels of up to 9% normal and haemostasis was maintained for 56-75 hours. Therefore, the addition of TheraPEG to pdFVIII resulted in a greater bioavailability and functional response when administered SQ. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated that TheraPEGylation of FVIII resulted in a superior product that can be administered subcutaneously with an extended duration of action.
HA1 (SQ PEG-pdFVIII) Dog 12
WBCT APTT ACT ELISA Time (h) (min) (min) (min) (% normal)
0.00 40.00 186.95 378.00 0 0.16 31.00 178.4 400 0 0.50 32.00 168.1 319 0 1.00 8.50 114.1 229 0 2.00 8.75 81.3 241 0 3.50 7.00 57.3 177 7.8 8.00 7.50 40.4 167 31.2 12.00 6.50 51.4 183 29.4 20.00 5.25 33.4 184 23.4 26.50 5.50 37.3 194 21.4 33.50 5.80 40.4 196 15.4 48.50 6.40 81.3 205 7.4 58.00 8.13 58.5 183 3.8 72.00 9.00 71.5 188 0.1 94.00 13.00 119.2 275 0 117.75 29.00 146.4 400 0 145.50 33.00 174.3 386 170.00 31.75 137 360 398.00 32.65 140.8 365 696.00 30.00 133.4 347
0.00 36.50 117.50 367.00 0 0.16 12.50 79.8 265 0 0.50 7.50 52.5 197 0 1.00 7.50 39.3 181 4.4 2.16 7.00 40.4 179 12.8 4.00 7.75 33.4 172 24.6 8.00 6.00 30.6 168 32.8 11.00 6.75 35.3 177 26.6 21.00 5.00 36.3 185 29.8 24.75 7.50 32.4 173 26.4 32.50 7.75 51.4 186 18.8 46.00 7.25 47.9 183 9.2 52.25 8.00 50.2 185 1.4 72.75 8.00 56.1 213 3.6 97.00 19.75 122.7 314 0 120.50 24.00 174.3 400 143.50 26.00 176.3 371 165.00 33.50 306.4 400
HA3 (IV PEG-pdFVIII) Dog 14
0.00 24.00 239.45 0 0.16 4.00 38.3 174 176.4 0.50 4.00 38.3 158 169.4 1.00 4.50 32.4 174 172.2 2.00 5.50 37.3 180 154.8 3.50 6.50 31.5 179 140.6 8.00 4.50 44.6 160 116.4 12.00 4.90 29.6 166 98.6 20.00 5.00 28.7 176 70.2 26.50 6.00 42.5 171 52.2 33.50 6.75 37.3 163 35 48.50 7.63 43.5 179 13.6 58.00 7.13 44.6 184 4 72.00 6.00 209 0 94.00 9.00 234 0 117.75 19.00 112.4 320 0 145.50 26.25 176.3 347 170.00 29.25 114.1 333 398.00 40.00 142.6 362 696.00 30.00 53.7 294
0.00 26.25 84.2 396 0 0.16 40.00 77 227 179.2 0.50 22.50 62.3 168 170.8 1.00 8.25 33.4 151 166.2 2.16 6.00 24.4 158 151.8 4.00 5.25 30.6 165 129.8 8.00 7.50 29.6 150 115.6 11.00 8.50 31.5 157 100.2 21.00 6.50 35.3 185 68.8 24.75 7.00 34.3 162 55 32.50 7.00 38.3 177 35.8 46.00 6.25 43.5 174 18.4 52.25 6.75 45.7 167 11 72.75 7.00 53.7 203 0 97.00 22.00 79.8 334 0 120.50 20.50 102.5 356 143.50 23.50 178.4 306 165.00 34.50 114.1 371
HA5 (SQ pdFVIII) Dog 17
0.00 31 104.2 0 0.166 21 137 351 0 0.5 31.5 100.9 311 0 1 19.25 105.8 268 0 2 16 98.5 268 0 4 18 84.2 261 0 8 13.25 105.8 238 0.186 12 13 79.8 200 0 18 12.5 93.1 230 0 24 10.25 82.7 226 0 36 15.5 84.2 247 0 48 18.5 122.7 237 0 56 19.25 148.3 278 0 72 23 364 0.489 96 25.5 122.7 347 0 120 109.1 328 0 192 37.00 87.1 334 0 432 40 128 375 0
HA6 (SQ PEG-pdFVIII Low Dose) Dog 16
0.00 31.75 81.3 321 0 0.166 39 104.2 0 0.5 33.5 115.8 298 0 1 12.5 94.2 224 0 2 8.25 82.7 190 0.131 4 9 62.3 168 9.006 8 9 44.5 188 8.621 12 7.5 40.4 156 3.053 18 7 49.1 179 5.148 24 7.75 57.3 168 6.167 36 11.5 62.3 180 6.553 48 8.75 68.8 217 2.419 56 15 74.2 178 5.01 72 10.5 88.6 215 2.364 96 27 110.7 281 0 120 90.1 0 192 31.25 100.9 323 0 432 35.5 93.1 333 0
Immune Response to Subcutaneous Administration in Dogs
In the present invention, it has been observed that there is a lower immune response arising from subcutaneous administration. This effect is diametrically opposite to what would be anticipated prior to the present invention by someone of ordinary skill in the art of blood factor administration. It is generally accepted that by administering subcutaneously the existing very high level of immune response (FVIII inhibitor frequency) would be exacerbated.
In the examples of the invention, the PEGylated product is exposed to the most testing of immune environments, namely the dog system. It can be seen that the Bethesda values (units of inhibitor quantities) are highest and earliest when given intravenously. By contrast the subcutaneous deliveries have a very much lower systemic exposure as evidenced by the Cmax and a lower and later Bethesda response. Indeed the lowest value of all is the naked FVIII given SQ which has almost no systemic exposure and is never seen to give an inhibitor value. See FIG. 13/Table 23 for a representation of the data obtained.
N (no. of Bethesda Units
Product & route subjects) Cmax PRE Day 7 Day 14 Day 30
PEGFVIII IV 2 177.8 0 0 20 17.5 PEGFVIII SQ 2 32 0 0 10 17 PEGFVIII SQ (LD) 1 9.0 0 0 0 6 FVIII SQ 1 0.5 0 0 0 0
The plots in FIG. 13 demonstrate how much inhibitor activity has been found in blood plasma over time, as stimulated by the treatments. In the case of the direct IV treatment, there is a more rapid occurrence of a higher level of inhibitors, compared to SQ treatment which leaches into the system more slowly and is less provocative to the immune system.
Comparative Studies on Subcutaneous Administration in Rats
This example describes the surprising depot effect encountered with blood factors when conjugated to polymers such as PEG. Moreover, the results show that it is possible to engineer the rate at which blood factors are made available from the subcutaneous space by manipulating the level of hydration imposed on the protein from the size (or amount) of PEG.
The relative pharmacokinetics of Factor VIIa PEGylated via 3 different forms of PEGylation was studied in rat subjects to compare their performance in terms of delivery from the subcutaneous space.
Native, recombinant Factor VIIa was administered to rat subjects, as well as 3 different PEGylated forms of FVIIa, either subcutaneously (SQ) or by intravenous (IV) administration:
a) TheraPEGylated FVIIa: FVIIa was mono-PEGylated to a 20 kDa PEG molecule using the “TheraPEG” technology of Polytherics Ltd (as described elsewhere and in WO 2011/135308);
b) GlycoPEGylated FVIIa: FVIIa was conjugated to PEG via standard glycoPEGylation technology giving a test product that was dominated by di-conjugated 20 kDa PEG with also some significant amounts of higher PEG products:
c) HATU-catalysed PEGylated FVIIa: FVIIa was monoPEGylated to a 20 kDa PEG (using a conjugation method derived from one described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,644,029).
TheraPEG-FVIIa
20 kDa PEG was dispersed to 10 mg/mL in 5 mM Na phosphate pH8.0, 15 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA. It was then incubated at 20° C. for 3 hours. A vial (5.3 mg) of FVIIa was reconstituted to 0.8 mg/mL in 20 mM sodium citrate pH6.0, 0.1M NaCl, 10 mM EDTA. It was incubated at 20° C. for 10 minutes. TCEP, 1.5 Molar Equivalents (ME) of 24 mM and 0.025 ME of 0.4 mM SeCM were then added and incubated at 20° C. for 1 hour. 2 ME of activated PEG was then added to the reduced FVIIa. The mixture was incubated at 20° C. for 1 hour, and then at 5° C. for 17 hours. Size Exclusion Chromatography using a Superdex 200 column was then carried out in formulation buffer in order to purify the PEGylated FVIIa.
For analysis of the product, reconstituted rFVIIa, activated PEG, reaction mixture, and selected Superdex fractions (25, 30, 35, 39, 45, 51, 80) were run on non-reduced SDS-PAGE gels. Fractions containing PEGylated FVIIa were pooled and concentrated to approximately 3 mL prior to lyophilisation. The concentrated SEC pool was tested by reduced and non-reduced SDS PAGE, clotting activity and reversed phase HPLC assays both pre- and post-lyophilisation.
GlycoPEGylated FVIIa
A vial (5.3 mg) of rFVIIa was reconstituted in 2.5 mL MOPS buffered saline. The reconstituted rFVIIa was then buffer exchange on a PD10 desalting column into MOPS buffered saline and diluted to 1 mg/mL. The buffer exchanged rFVIIa was placed on ice and 100 mM sodium periodate was added to a final concentration of 2.5 mM. The mixture was incubated in the dark for a maximum of 30 minutes. Glycerol (50%) was the added to a final concentration of 3%. The mixture was then buffer exchanged into 0.1M sodium acetate buffer using a Zeba spin column. A 50 mg/mL stock solution of Amino oxy PEG was made and 10 ME of this PEG was added to the desalted FVIIa. The reaction mixture was incubated at Room Temperature for 1-2 hours before further incubation at 4° C. overnight. The GlycoPEGylated FVIIa was then purified by SEC chromatography as described above.
For analysis of the product, selected SEC fractions (23, 27, 32, 35, 40, and 80) were run on non-reduced SDS-PAGE. Fractions containing GlycoPEGylated FVIIa were pooled and concentrated to approximately 3 mL prior to lyophilisation. The concentrated SEC pool was tested by reduced and non-reduced SDS PAGE, clotting activity and reversed phase HPLC assays both pre- and post-lyophilisation.
HATU PEG-FVIIa
A vial (5.3 mg) of rFVIIa was reconstituted in 2.5 mL borate buffer, buffer exchange on a PD10 column into borate buffer and dilute to 0.5 mg/mL. A stock solution of Methoxy-PEG was made up in acetonitrile to 16 mg/mL. The buffer exchanged rFVIIa was activated with 1.0 ME of HATU and 2.5 ME of DIEA for 10 minutes at room temperature. Following activation 8 ME of Methoxy-PEG was added to the activated rFVIIa over 2-5 minutes. The reaction mixture was then incubated at room temperature for 80-100 minutes. The HATU PEGylated FVIIa was then purified by SEC chromatography as described above.
For analysis of the product, selected SEC fractions were run on non-reduced SDS-PAGE. Fractions containing HATU PEGylated FVIIa were pooled and concentrated to approximately 3 mL prior to lyophilisation. The concentrated SEC pool was tested by reduced and non-reduced SDS PAGE, clotting activity and reversed phase HPLC assays both pre- and post-lyophilisation.
Formulations at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg were administered either IV or SQ to Healthy rat subjects. For IV administration the appropriate volume of test article was injected into the tail vain. For SQ administration the appropriate volume of test article was injected into the scruff of the neck. Following administration of the control test articles (native rFVIIa) blood samples were taken at the following time intervals:
Time (h)
0.033 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 18 24 36 48
IV control ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SQ control ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Following administration of the test articles blood samples were taken at the following time intervals:
0.033 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 6 8 12 18 24 48 72 96 120 IV article ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ SQ article ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
At each time point plasma was prepared from the blood sample and the FVIIa concentration determined using the Stago Asserachrom VII:Ag ELISA assay. This assay is an enzyme linked immunoassay procedure for the quantitative determination of Factor VII/VIIa concentration in plasma samples. The assay is a sandwich ELISA which comprises of microtitre wells pre-coated with a rabbit anti-human FVII antibody. Because the antibody has a different affinity for FVIIa than for PEG-FVIIa, a standard curve was prepared by dilution of a protein appropriate to the FVIIa that is present in the test plasma, i.e. rFVIIa (0.78 to 50 ng/ml) for assay of plasma from rats that were administered rFVIIa, or PEG-rFVIIa (0.78 to 50 ng/ml) for assay of plasma from dogs that were administered PEG-rFVIIa.
Plasma samples were diluted to an appropriate concentration to fall within the standard curve. Diluted plasma samples and standards were loaded and incubated at room temperature before washing and subsequent development with a rabbit anti-human FVII HRP conjugate and OPD (a colorimetric HRP substrate). The plate was read at 492 nm and the concentration of the test samples (ng/ml) is read from the standard curve. Results of the study are as shown in Table 26(a) and (b) where there are two routes of administration: intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) for each of the PEGylated FVIIa molecules and a control arm which was the native FVIIa.
As shown in Table 26(a) and (b), there are 2 routes of administration, intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) for each of the PEGylated FVIIa molecules and a control arm which was the native FVIIa.
From the results shown in Table 26(a) and (b), it can be seen that:
All the PEGylated proteins have extended plasma half-lives by comparison to the naked protein
The mono-PEG products, namely TheraPEG and HATU PEGylated proteins have a slower rate of entry to the plasma than the di-PEG conjugate (GlycoPEG) and therefore a more pronounced depot effect. This can be deduced by comparing the differences in the IV and SQ half-lives in each product.
For TheraPEG-FVIIa the IV t1/2 was 8.68 hours which compares to 23.2 hours for the same product given by SQ. This represents a 2.7-fold increase implying a very large depot effect for this mono-PEGylated product.
Similarly, for the mono-PEGylated HATU PEG-FVIIa the SQ t1/2 has an enhanced depot effect represented by a 1.7-fold increase over the IV t1/2 (24.3/14.07)
In contrast, for the heavily PEGylated product, GlycoPEG-FVIIa, the half-lives for both products are closer to parity (22.3/19.34=1.15-fold) implying that the SQ administration of this product has little depot effect compared to IV administration.
In other words, the mono-PEGylated products when administered SQ would appear to have resisted being dispersed through the sub-cutaneous space for longer than the di-PEGylated product, thus providing the enhanced depot effect. The reduced amount of PEG on the mono-PEGylated products would leave more of the protein exposed; the greater PEG coverage on the GlycoPEG product would render it more water dispersible within the subcutaneous space, leading to a faster rate of entry via the lymphatic vessels into the plasma.
Surprisingly therefore, to achieve the longest duration of depot release, a lesser degree of PEGylation is required. Without being bound by theory, this can be rationalised by the lesser PEGylation exposing some of the protein to the subcutaneous tissue which confers a slow rate on the diffusion through the lymph. By contrast the higher degree of PEGylation covers the protein completely leaving the product free to quickly enter the blood circulation.
This supports the teaching that the modification of target molecules, in this case via PEGylation, may be tuned to exquisitely modify the release characteristics and thereby the concentration of the product in the blood over time and its bioavailability.
Overall, there is a very surprising total effect whereby the combination of PEGylation followed by subcutaneous delivery, renders an observed 35-fold increase in apparent half-life (0.66 hours for naked FVIIa to 23.2 hours following subcutaneous (SQ) administration).
Finally, it can be seen overall that the bioavailability favours the higher PEGylated species, namely GlycoPEG, confirming that the higher PEG and hydration levels promote a higher degree of mobility and therefore bioavailability.
TABLE 26 (a) Test Dose Cmax AUC0-t AUC0-∞ Article route Rat Tmax (h) (ng/ml) (ng · h/ml) (ng · h/ml) t½ (h)
FVIIa IV 1 0.03 2251.8 600 624 0.55 2 0.03 2538.3 711 728 0.75 3 0.03 1892.3 533 561 0.66 Mean 0.03 2227.47 615 638 0.65 TheraPEG-FVIIa IV 4 0.03 10024.5 33598 34021 8.97 5 0.03 8181 22051 22435 9.42 6 0.03 10799.7 23251 23449 7.66 Mean 0.03 9668.40 26300 26635 8.68 GlycoPEG-FVIIa IV 7 0.03 6647.2 55987 57138 21.24 8 0.03 5674.9 46702 47609 21.21 9 0.03 6227.3 47188 47663 15.57 Mean 0.03 6183.13 49959 50803 19.34 HATU catalysed IV 10 0.03 8090.5 31172 31775 13.49 PEG-FVIIa 11 0.03 7586.5 30448 31003 13.07 12 0.03 7557.1 35317 35697 15.66 Mean 0.03 7744.70 32312 32825 14.07
TABLE 26 (b) Bioavailability Dose Tmax Cmax AUC0-t AUC0-∞ (% AUC0-t Test Article route Rat (h) (ng/ml) (ng · h/ml) (ng · h/ml) t½ (h) SQ vs IV )
TheraPEG-FVIIa SQ 16 18.0 215.5 8015 9557 23.96 30.5 17 12.0 117.6 3695 4839 21.15 14.0 18 18.0 129.3 4227 5805 24.52 16.1 Mean 16.0 154.13 5312 6734 23.21 20.2 GlycoPEG-FVIIa SQ 19 18.0 297.8 16868 17665 22.27 33.8 20 24.0 234.3 12471 13456 23.55 25.0 21 18.0 407.6 22243 22871 21.16 44.5 Mean 20.0 313.23 17194 17997 22.33 34.4 HATU catalysed SQ 22 18.0 224.8 10234 10996 20.85 31.7 PEG-FVIIa 23 18.0 138.7 5544 6750 28.03 17.2 24 18.0 249.1 11277 12147 24.03 34.9 Mean 18.0 204.20 9018 9964 24.30 27.9
1. A method of administering a therapeutic agent to a patient, comprising subcutaneously administering the therapeutic agent to the patient, such that the Cmax:Caverage ratio is lower than the Cmax:Caverage ratio of the agent when delivered intravenously, and wherein the therapeutic agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
2. A method of administering a therapeutic agent to the lymphatic system of a patient, comprising the step of subcutaneously administering the therapeutic agent, such that it does not directly enter the circulatory system of the patient at the site of injection, and wherein the therapeutic agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
3. A method of preventing entry of a therapeutic agent directly into the local circulatory system of a patient upon subcutaneous administration of the therapeutic agent to a patient, the method comprising the step of subcutaneously administering the modified agent to the patient and wherein the therapeutic agent is modified in order to increase the hydrophilicity and modify the molecular dimensions in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent, such that the modified therapeutic agent is unable to enter the local vasculature directly from the site of administration.
4. A method of modulating the speed of delivery of a therapeutic agent from a subcutaneous depot in a subject, comprising modifying the therapeutic agent to alter the hydrophilicity of the agent, wherein the level of hydrophilicity is proportional to the level of bioavailability.
5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the subcutaneous administration of the modified therapeutic agent enables a higher dose of the modified agent to be administered to the patient than can be safely delivered by a single intravenous bolus injection.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the subcutaneous administration of the modified therapeutic agent enables the patient to be re-dosed earlier than if the modified agent is administered intravenously.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the subcutaneous administration of the modified therapeutic agent produces a lesser or equivalent immunogenic response than the intravenous administration of the agent in its modified or native form.
8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hydrophilicity of the therapeutic agent is increased by at least 50% in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the therapeutic agent is an antibiotic, a blood clotting factor, a hormone, another therapeutic peptide or protein, a small molecule or a monoclonal antibody.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the blood clotting factor is selected from the group consisting of Factor VII, Factor VIIa, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor XIII, Factor V, von Willebrand's Factor, and Protein C.
11. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the modification is conjugation of the therapeutic agent to a biocompatible polymer.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the biocompatible polymer is polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly-phosphatidyl choline (PC), polypropylene glycol (PPG), copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyoxyethylated polyol, polyolefinic alcohol, polyhydroxyalkylmethacrylate, polysaccharides, poly α-hydroxy acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyphosphosphasphazene, poly N-acryloylmorpholine, polyalkyene oxide polymers, polymaleic acid, poly DL-alanine, carboxymethylcellulose, dextran, starch or starch derivatives, hyaluronic acid chitin, polymethacrylates, polysialic acid (PSA), polyhydroxy alkanoates, poly amino acids and combinations thereof.
13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the biocompatible polymer is PEG
14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the modification is a fusion to a polypeptide to produce a fusion protein; incorporation into vesicular delivery vehicles such as liposomes, transfersomes or micelles; incorporation into or attachment to dendrimers or the formation of oligomer complexes of the therapeutic agent.
15. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the subcutaneous delivery volume of the therapeutic agent is no more than 2 ml.
16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the modified therapeutic agent is deliverable at a concentration higher than the concentration of the modified agent than can be safely delivered intravenously.
17. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein subcutaneous delivery of the modified therapeutic agent provides a therapeutic benefit to the patient for a duration of at least 12 hours longer than the therapeutic benefit of the modified agent when administered intravenously.
18. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the subcutaneous delivery is by subcutaneous injection, topical application, transdermal patch, microdermal abrasion, or high pressure dry powder delivery.
19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the subcutaneous delivery is at least once per day, at least twice per day, at least once per week, at least twice per week, at least once per two weeks or at least once per month.
20. A modified agent comprising a therapeutic agent and a modification, wherein the modification increases the hydrophilicity and modifies the molecular dimensions of the agent in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 19.
21. A modified agent for use according to claim 19, wherein the modification increases the hydrophilicity of the agent by at least 50% in relation to the native state of the therapeutic agent.
22. A modified agent as claimed in claim 20 or in claim 21, in which the modification is a biocompatible polymer fused to the therapeutic agent.
23. A modified agent as claimed in any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein subcutaneous delivery of the modified agent provides a therapeutic benefit to the patient for a duration of at least 12 hours longer than the therapeutic benefit of the modified agent when administered intravenously.
24. A dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of a modified therapeutic agent, wherein subcutaneous delivery of the modified agent provides a therapeutic benefit to the patient for a duration of at least 12 hours longer than the therapeutic benefit of the modified agent when administered intravenously.
25. A dosage form of a pharmaceutical composition of a modified blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration which when formulated for subcutaneous administration to a patient provides a no more than once per month dosage form sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said patient of no more than 20 minutes.
26. A liquid dosage form of a PEGylated blood coagulation factor for subcutaneous administration no more than once per month wherein the dosage form has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously, for use in the treatment of a blood clotting disorder.
27. A dosage form according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the dosage form provides a no more than once per fortnight, no more than once per week, no more than once per half week, no more than once per two days or no more than once per day dosage.
28. A dosage form according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein the dosage form is sufficient to maintain a whole blood clotting time in said patient of less than 15 minutes.
30. A dosage form as claimed in any one of claims 24 to 29, in which the blood clotting factor is selected from the group consisting of Factor VIIa, Factor VII, Factor VIII, Factor IX, Factor X, Factor Xa, Factor XI, Factor XIII, Factor V, von Willebrand's Factor and Protein C.
31. A dosage form as claimed in any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein the modification is PEGylation.
32. The dosage form as claimed in any one of claims 24 to 31 in which the dosage form has a Cmax of at least 10% and no more than 90% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously.
33. The dosage form as claimed in claim 32 in which the formulation has a Cmax of from 10% to 20% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously.
34. The dosage form as claimed in claim 33, wherein the agent is Factor VIII.
36. The dosage form as claimed in claim 35, wherein the agent is Factor IX.
38. The dosage form according to claim 32 in which the formulation has a Cmax of 75% compared to an equivalent reference dosage form when administered intravenously.
39. The dosage form as claimed in claim 37 or claim 38, wherein the agent is Factor VII.
40. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39, in which the dosage is of from 1 to 1000 IU/kg.
41. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39 in which the dosage is of from 5 to 500 IU/kg.
42. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39, in which the dosage is of from 100 to 250 IU/kg.
43. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39, in which the dosage is of from 50 to 200 IU/kg.
44. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39, in which the dosage is of from 25 to 50 IU/kg.
45. A dosage formulation according to any one of claims 24 to 39, wherein the dosage form is for administration at least once per day, at least twice per day, about once per week, about twice per week, about once per two weeks, or about once per month.
46. A dosage formulation of a therapeutic agent wherein the dosage form is for subcutaneous administration and wherein the therapeutic agent is modified to alter the hydrophilicity of the agent, wherein the level of hydrophilicity is proportional to the level of bioavailability.
47. A method of treatment of a disease in a patient, comprising administering subcutaneously a dosage form of a modified therapeutic agent according to claim 24.
48. A method of treatment of a blood clotting disease or trauma in a patient comprising administering subcutaneously a dosage form of a blood clotting factor according to any one of claims 24 to 46 to a patient in need thereof.
49. A method of treatment according to claim 47 or claim 48, wherein the dosage form is administered at least once per day, at least twice per day, at least about twice per week, at least about once per week, at least once per two weeks, or at least about once per month.
50. A method of treatment according to claim 47 or claim 48, wherein the dosage form is administered at least once per day.
51. A method of treatment according to claim 50, wherein the dosage form is administered twice per day, in which the patient receives a first dosage form in a first administration and a second dosage form in a second administration.
52. A method of treatment according to claim 51, wherein the second dosage form is administered separately, simultaneously or sequentially to the first dosage form.
53. A kit of parts comprising a subcutaneous dosage form according to any one of claims 24 to 46, and an administration vehicle.
Applicant: CANTAB BIOPHARMACEUTICALS PATENTS LIMITED (Valetta)
Inventors: William Henry (London), Richard Wolf-Garraway (London), John Charles Mayo (London), Michael James Earl (London)
Current U.S. Class: Stabilized Enzymes Or Enzymes Complexed With Nonenzyme (e.g., Liposomes, Etc.) (424/94.3); Factor Viii Or Derivative Affecting Or Utilizing (514/14.1); Blood Coagulation Factor Viii, Ahf (530/383); Derived From Animal Tissue (e.g., Rennin, Etc.) (435/226)
International Classification: A61K 9/00 (20060101); A61K 47/48 (20060101); A61K 38/37 (20060101); A61K 38/48 (20060101);
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Interview: Pete Kilroy of Hey Geronimo
March 17, 2013 · by Paul McBride · in Interviews. ·
Hi Pete. Hey Geronimo are being labelled a ‘supergroup’. Firstly, can you tell me a little about how you guys came to be making music together?
Ahh yes. We were taking the piss a bit with the supergroup tag, but it’s fun to think that way. The band came together when Blame Ringo was booked to play a Beatles tribute night, but half the band was engaged. Myself and Ross still wanted to do it, so we enlisted Andrew, Greg and Tony to fill in. It was so fun that at the end of the set we looked at each other and said – let’s make this a permanent thing!
You’ve just released your debut EP – I‘ve been enjoying the summer-y, upbeat vibes. What has the response to the EP been like so far?
We spent a lot of time honing the writing and recording of the songs so we were very confident when it was finally finished. No corners were cut, and I think the feedback has reflected this too. The aim was to make sure it was all really strong, super, upbeat and fun – and that’s how it turned out, so we’re happy!
You’ll be setting off on the ‘Special Best Tour’ in September and October, taking in shows from the Sunshine Coast to Adelaide. What is the level of excitement like in the camp, and what can fans expect from a Hey Geronimo show?
We’re super pumped because we love touring. It’s great to give people an excuse to let their hair down and have a good time. We want peeps to learn the songs, have a few beers, dance, sing along, and ultimately get a bit loose. We’ll be doing the same!
I recently read a review of your EP that described you as “the new Little Red”. Is that an accurate description, because I’m getting more of a Beach Boys/Vampire Weekend feel?
Personally I haven’t really heard any Little Red so I can’t comment on that. We’ve been getting lots of “Beach Boys” though, and that’s cool. In fact, we’d never really thought of that, but now it’s affecting our writing. Now when we reach a crossroads writing we’re erring towards the mega harmonies and the whole Brian Wilson vibe. Not a bad hero to emulate at all.
Hey Geronimo is one of many Brisbane indie bands doing well at the moment. Do you think the quality of music coming out of Brisbane has improved in the last few years? Or is it simply that more people are taking notice?
I had this conversation with somebody interstate just a few days ago. They were gushing at the Brisbane music scene. I’m not sold on the hype to be honest. I think bands here have to work a bit harder due to how the scene is playing out here (ie limited venues etc) so that might be something, but regardless, people analyse it all too much. Maybe those interstate are just surprised that a Queensland redneck can hold a tune at all? Not sure.
You’re playing at BIGSOUND in Brissy, which is going to be EPIC. What bands on the bill are you looking forward to seeing?
We’re huge Ball Park and Hungry Kids fans, so they’ll be first on the list to see. Personally I’m keen to see a bit of Loon Lake, because I think we share a bit of the same vibe, and Courtney Barnett too. She’s great. It’s always a great couple of nights and this year really does seem to be bigger and better than ever.
What are your plans for after the tour, do you have any more recordings in the pipeline? Can you plan that far ahead as a band, or is it a matter of seeing what happens, or what opportunities arise?
We’re starting the recording of our debut album early next month. No rest for the wicked. The tunes are there so we’re going to record them, then release them. Bands over-think these things too much sometimes. Should have something ready to go in the early part of next year. Hopefully a million shows between now and then too!
If Hey Geronimo could share a stage with any act, living or dead, who would it be and why?
Hard to speak for the other guys, but I think myself and Andrew would want to jam with Ben Folds Five. Such a hard rocking, fun band. Good chance we’ll be throwing underwear at the man come Harvest time.
And lastly, a AAA Backstage tradition: if Hey Geronimo was an animal, what would it be and why?
Probably a giant squid. Creating havoc on the high-seas could be a fun way to spend the weekend.
Tags: aaabackstage, hey geronimo, interview
← Interview: Rin McArdle of Rin & The Reckless
Interview: Velociraptor →
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Home Economy Government State regulators reject proposed Burrillville power plant
State regulators reject proposed Burrillville power plant
REJECTED: The Rhode Island Energy Facilities Siting Board voted Thursday to turn down Energy conglomerate Invenergy's proposed natural-gas burning power plant in Burrillville.
WARWICK – Rhode Island utilities regulators on Thursday turned down the controversial plan by a Chicago-based energy conglomerate to build a $1 billion power plant in rural Burrillville opposed by townspeople and environmentalists.
The state Energy Facility Siting Board voted 3-0 to deny a license for Invenergy Thermal Development LLC’s proposed Clear River Energy Center. The three-member board had scheduled three meetings, beginning Thursday, to discuss the proposal before taking a vote. But the board only needed to discuss it Thursday morning before taking a break, then reconvening for the vote.
In voting against the power plant, the board found that Invenergy “had not met its burden to prove a need for the plant,” said board spokesman Todd Bianco.
More than three years in the making, Thursday’s vote is final and effectively kills the project. The company’s only option would be to appeal to the state Supreme Court, Bianco said.
The board will issue a written decision within the next 30 to 60 days, then the company will have 10 days to file a court appeal, Bianco said.
“We will review the written decision and evaluate our options,” said Invenergy spokeswoman Beth Conley.
The company has wanted to build a natural gas-burning plant to sell the electricity generated by it into the New England’s power grid system. Opponents have argued the electricity produced by the plant is not needed and it would needlessly disrupt the environment.
“Today’s decision is a huge victory for the people of Burrillville, the state of Rhode Island and a world that is facing a climate change emergency,” said Jerry Elmer, senior attorney for the Conservation Law Foundation in Providence, part of a coalition that opposed the plant.
Scott Blake is a PBN staff writer. Email him at Blake@PBN.com
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Posts Tagged ‘Mufti Muhammad Saeed’
Mufti warns of ‘bigger rebellion’ in Kashmir
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Cautions PM against unilateral decision on land row
JAVAID MALIK | Greater Kashmir, August 30, 2008
Srinagar, Aug 29: Former chief minister and patron of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Mufti Muhammad Sayeed on Friday warned Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of a “bigger rebellion” in the Kashmir Valley if any unilateral decision was taken on land row. He also asked New Delhi to review its Kashmir policy to prevent further alienation of Kashmiris.
According to the PDP insiders, Sayeed who is presently camping in New Delhi was invited over lunch by the Prime Minister this afternoon. “If any unilateral decision about handing over the land back to Amarnath Shrine Board is taken it will have far reaching consequences,” sources quoted Mufti as telling the Prime Minister.
Mufti is understood to have told the PM that Coordination Committee (CC), an amalgam of separatist parties, lawyers, traders, transporters and members of the civil society, should be taken into confidence before taking any decision on land row. “If CC is ignored and land is transferred back to the board, it can lead to bigger rebellion in the Kashmir Valley,” Mufti told Dr Singh.
Mufti, according to the sources, stressed on the Prime Minister to review the Kashmir policy and resolve the Kashmir issue without wasting time. “Time has come to implement the recommendations of the Working Groups which include opening of Srinagar-Muzaffarabad Road for trade and hold dialogue with the separatist leaders,” Mufti is understood to have told Dr Singh.
Sources said that during the meeting Mufti told Dr Singh that people of Kashmir have been suppressed since 1990 and it has not borne any fruits. “If New Delhi continues to suppress the people of Kashmir it will lead to their further alienation. Curfew and restrictions on press and media are not going to help,” sources quoted Mufti as saying.
Sources said that Prime Minister assured Mufti that New Delhi will take all the steps to diffuse the crisis in Jammu and Kashmir. “We’ve to take the aspirations of both regions into consideration before coming to a conclusion. I am very much concerned about the situation in Jammu as well as Kashmir,” Dr Singh is understood to have told Mufti.
When contacted the PDP patron said, “I met the Prime Minister today and apprised him about the present situation in Kashmir. I also put forward my point of view and the apprehensions we have.”
Agitation over transfer of 800 kanals of land to Amarnath Shrine Board at Baltal rocked Kashmir Valley in month of June. The land transfer row led to PDP pulling out from the Congress led coalition government. The then chief minister Ghulam Nabi Azad revoked the controversial land diversion order, but only after the Governor N N Vohra who is also the chairman of the Board gave up the Board’s claim on the land in the event of the State Government taking the responsibility of providing various facilities to the pilgrims.
However, the revocation of the order sparked of an agitation in Jammu region spearheaded by Amarntah Yatra Sangharsh Samiti, an amalgam of various rightwing parties and organizations. Samiti activists blocked the Srinagar-Jammu highway, only road connecting Kashmir Valley with rest of the world, causing acute shortage of essential commodities and medicines in the Valley, and also obstructing the export of largely perishable fruit to the markets across India. The agitation led to complete polarization of the state on the basis of religion.
To counter the economic blockade, Coordination Committee led by both Hurriyat factions was formed. The major demands of the Committee are opening of Srinagar-Muzaffarabad Road for trade, revocation of Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), which provides impunity to the soldiers operating in the state, release of detainees languishing in various jails and withdrawal of troops.
On August 11, tens of thousands of people on CC’s call marched towards Muzaffarabad. Police and troopers opened fire on the marchers near Sheeri in north Kashmir’s Varmul district killing eight persons including senior Hurriyat leader Shiekh Abdul Aziz. Since August 11 at least 40 persons have been killed in police and CRPF firing in different protests across the Valley.
Following massive public rallies organized by CC at Pampore, Tourist Reception Centre grounds and Eidgah, authorities imposed indefinite curfew in all ten districts of the Valley on August 24 and arrested many pro freedom leaders including chairmen of both Hurriyat factions, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, Syed Ali Shah Geelani, JKLF chairman Muhammad Yasin Malik, chairperson of Dukhtarn-e-Millat, Asiya Andrabi, Shabir Ahmed Shah and others.
Tags:Amarnath Shrine land transfer controversy, Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti, Kashmir, Kashmir policy, Kashmiri detainees, Mufti Muhammad Saeed, Peoples Democratic party, prime minister Dr Singh, pro-freedom leaders arrested, public demonstrations
Posted in Human rights, India, Kashmir | Leave a Comment »
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Sweet Redemption.. Hawks Fight For Playoff Spot As They Beat The Celtics 123-116
April 7, 2017 sytonnia Leave a comment
(SL) – Thursday night the Atlanta Hawks looked to redeem themselves vs the team currently fighting for the top spot in the Eastern Conference, the Boston Celtics. Heading into Thursday the Hawks were 0-2 in their last two games falling to the Bulls and the Nets on back to back nights.
With Grammy Award winning R&B singer Monica in the building to deliver a great halftime show in front of a sold out crowd in Philips Arena the Hawks most certainly didn’t disappoint. The energy inside of Philips was on another level. Maybe Monica should come through and perform at every home game in the playoffs.
Atlanta opened up the game in terrific fashion outscoring Boston 32-24 to go into the 2nd period with all of the momentum they needed to stay on top. The Celtics were attempting to make a run for the lead in the 2nd quarter until Ersan Ilyasova made a 3 pointer to push the Hawks lead to 10 with 2:15 remaining in the half. From there the Hawks continued to play well, and carried a much needed 71-55 point lead into halftime. This was definitely unexpected. The Hawks put up 70 points in the first half vs one of the best teams in the NBA, but I guess that’s why they say to always expect the unexpected. I still think Monica had something to do with it.
The best part about this is that Atlanta didn’t slow down and let Boston back in once the 2nd half got underway. The Hawks continued to slash away at the Celtics, and were one point shy of eclipsing the century mark going into the 4th quarter.
Al Horford picked up his 5th foul midway through the 3rd period, so the Hawks wouldn’t have to worry about him making too much noise in the 4th quarter. Horford ended the game with only 4 points.
Things were looking great for the Hawks until late in the 4th quarter. The Celtics shots began to fall at a better rate and the Hawks began to turn the ball over a bit too much. The last minute of the game lasted an eternity as Boston continued to extend the game, but ultimately the hawks pulled through and came out on top 123-116 to give the Hawks a much needed victory vs an extremely tough opponent
The only time Boston saw a lead in this game was in the first few minutes of the 1st quarter. After the Hawks went up 10-7 with 8:05 on the clock there wasn’t any looking back from then on. The closest the Celtics came was within 5 points of points, and the Hawks largest lead was 20 points in the 3rd period.
Paul Millsap is back in action and it definitely shows. Most importantly it shows in the wins column. Millsap finished the game with 26 points and 12 rebounds in his 29 minutes on the floor. Hawks rookie Taurean Prince showed lots of growth in this game as he scored 20 points with 2 of those shots coming from downtown in his 40 minutes on the court. Tim Hardaway Jr added 23 points for the Hawks in this win.
On Boston’s end Isaiah Thomas did what he has done all season long scoring 35 points in 34 minutes in the losing effort.
This was a terrific win for a Hawks squad that desperately needs wins right now. The Hawks will not have any time to celebrate because they have to take on LeBron James and the Cavs tonight. That will mean the Hawks have had to take on both teams fighting for the top spot in the East in back to back nights. No problem. They’ve already taken care of one now it’s time to handle business and win this next one in Cleveland!
Steve Bannon Fired From National Security Council Post
(SL) – President Trump on Wednesday removed controversial White House chief strategist Stephen K. Bannon from the National Security Council, part of a sweeping staff reshuffling that elevated military, intelligence and Cabinet officials to greater roles on the council and left Bannon less directly involved in shaping the administration’s day-to-day national security policy.
The Washington Post reports, the restructuring reflects the growing influence of national security adviser H.R. McMaster, an Army three-star general who took over the post after retired general Michael Flynn was ousted in February and who is increasingly asserting himself over the flow of national security information in the White House.
McMaster has become a blunt force within the administration who has made clear to several top officials and the president that he does not want the NSC to have any political elements.
Two senior White House officials said that Bannon’s departure was in no way a demotion and that he had rarely attended meetings since being placed on the council. They and others interviewed spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly on the issue.
In conversations Wednesday afternoon, several Trump associates described Bannon as overstretched, with multiple portfolios within the White House, and said the president’s son-in-law and senior adviser, Jared Kushner, has been paying close attention to how to better use Bannon’s skills as the administration works to recover from a rocky and dramatic first few months.
Continue reading Steve Bannon Fired From National Security Council Post →
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NYPD Will Pay Thabo Sefolosha $4 Million Dollars For Breaking His Leg
(SL) – Atlanta Hawks forward Thabo Sefolosha is settling his civil lawsuit against five New York City police officers following a violent arrest in April of 2015 that resulted with Thabo suffering from season ending injuries.
On April 7th, 2015, Thabo and former Hawks player Pero Antic were arrested outside of 1 OAK following an altercation that Sefolosha and Antic had nothing to do with it.
Sefolosha was standing outside the nightclub 1 OAK while police investigated the stabbing of Indiana Pacers forward Chris Copeland. At the time, Sefolosha and teammate Pero Antic were waiting for a driver to pick them up. Sefolosha’s attorney, Alex Spiro argued that because Sefolosha was “a large black man wearing a hoodie” who happened to be standing nearby, police officers began to provoke him. Sefolosha and the officers then began to argue, during which time Sefolosha called a 5′ 6″ officer a “midget.” The argument would only escalate and officers arrested Sefolosha for obstructing the administration of government and resisting arrest.
During the arrest, he sustained a broken fibula and severe ligament damage to his ankle. The injuries cost Sefolosha the final five games of the regular season and 16 playoff games, as the Hawks advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals.
Sefolosha faced three misdemeanor counts of disobeying orders to move from a crime scene and resisting arrest. He declined to plea bargain and was acquitted of all charges.
Sefolosha filed a civil suit in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York claiming the officers caused permanent physical injuries and damaged his reputation.
It’s being reported that he settled for $4 million dollars. Antic also filed a civil lawsuit, and his case is still pending.
Atlanta HawksCivil SuitNYPDPero AnticThabo Sefolosha
Crime, local, Uncategorized
Three Arrested In I-85 Fire That Led To Bridge Collapse
April 1, 2017 sytonnia 1 Comment
(SL) – New information about the I-85 Bridge Collapse. Questions were looming following the fiery destruction that collapsed a chunk of I-85 near Piedmont Road, South of the GA-400. How did PCP pipes catch fire? Initial speculation involved a big rig fire, but that was later ruled out and terroristic thoughts formed.
Mayor Kasim Reed was quick to dispel that theory. But, one thing was certain. The pipes didn’t just catch fire by themselves’; And once lit, nothing but problems for these particular pipes can burn for hours.
Now, 3 people believed to be homeless are being charged. Basil Elby who’s no stranger to crime with previous charges including drug possession and battery is being held along with Sophia Brunner and Barry Thomas. Brunner and Thomas are being charged with criminal trespassing.
Authorities think Elby, pictured above in a mug shot from 2014 started the blaze. How or why remains to be discovered. The suspects were allegedly at the scene at the time of the fire. What kind of accelerant hasn’t been disclosed or whether or not the 3 will receive bond.
Atlanta Bridge FireBasil Elbybridge collapsedI-85 fire
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New Years Gala Dinner
January 2016 Tablao Flamenco Cordobes
Back to shows
The Tablao, Flamenco University
We open 2016 with a tribute to the part the tablaos played in conveying the essence of flamenco to younger generations, with a young cast full of surprises with roots in some of the different flamenco capitals. We also want to highlight the importance of the Catalan flamenco community and Barcelona’s tablaos.
This post is also available in: Español Català 简体中文 日本語 Русский Français Italiano Deutsch 한국어
Guitarrist
We present the singer María del Mar Fernández for the first time in Cordobes. Born in Cádiz, she started her professional career at 14 years old and has visited many stages, both nationally and internationally in spite of her young age. Among others, she has performed in Italy, Norway, England, the Netherlands, Australia, USA, Japan, Germany, Israel or Jordan. She became famous in 2011, when she performed a song called “Señorita” for a Bollywood movie titled “ZNMD” with great success.
Sergio Aranda is back with us as one of the leads of flamenco dance in Málaga despite his youth. Sergio has performed in a myriad of important theatres and festivals, both national and international, such as the Nou Barris Barcelona Festival, the Flamenco Summit in Madrid, the World Music Festival in Shangai, the Suma Flamenca Festival at the Albéniz Theatre in Madrid, the San Pedro del Pinatar Flamenco Festival in Murcia, the Berlin International Flamenco Festival or the tour where he performed throughout USA and Canada with the Disney musical “The Lion King” in 2011.
Likewise, we present David Romero, who comes back after a long time away from one of the stages where he learnt the trade as a dancer. He has learnt from the best, artists such as Antonio Canales, Eva la Yerbabuena, Rafael de Carmen, Güito or Rafaela Carrasco. He has performed in some of the historic tablaos in Spain: Los Gallos in Seville, el Corral de la Moreria in Madrid and Tablao Flamenco Cordobes in Barcelona. He has performed in theatres all over the world (Argentina, Japan, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Russia or France, among others).
The flamenco youths from Barcelona surprise us year after year and Olga Llorente, after her debut and formation in Tablao Flamenco Cordobes, has steadily made herself a name among the flamenco professionals. Despite her short career, she is already a resourceful and experienced dancer and has performed all over the world.
Once again this month we have the pleasure to host a great representative of the Catalan flamenco: Sara Barrero, a regular in Tablao Flamenco Cordobes. Excellent example of the crucial didactic role that play the tablaos for flamenco, she started her professional career at 15 years old at Cordobes and has returned with the artistic importance that maturity and experience add, especially important in flamenco
Alongside them, our outstanding musicians cast, usually main characters in any stage they step on: Tuto and Israel Cerreduela playing the guitar and Juan Manzano “Coco”, Antonio Campos “Bocaillo” and Manuel de la Curra singing.ç
Tuto, young Catalan guitarist, is one of the most demanded guitar players by some of the leading figures of flamenco. He has worked, among others, with several member of the Farruco family (Farruquito, el Farru, …), Montse Cortés or Duquende. He has been a regular in Cordobes for a long time and has developed and acquired experience with some of the best artists on our stage
Juan Manzano “Coco” is one of the best young Catalan flamenco singers right now, only below great stars such as Miguel Poveda, who also took his first steps in Cordobes. Born in San Roc, his temperamental voice, rich in evocative memories and with an overflowing melody, makes him one of the most promising voices in the flamenco world. Together with Karime Amaya and Tuto, he was one of the main characters of Bajarí, a movie about flamenco in Barcelona by the film-maker Eva Vila.
Antonio Campos “Bocaillo” is great news for the Catalan flamenco horizon as well. Still very young, he has grown as a professional singer in Tablao Flamenco Cordobes, working with the best artists, names such as Karime Amaya, la Susi, Pastora Galván, Jesús Carmona, Angelita Montoya, Guadiana, el Junco, el Farru, Patricia Guerrero, José Maya, Alfonso Losa, Marcos Flores, Olga Pericet or la Moneta. He has polished his talent with experienced singers such as Manuel Tañé, Antonio Villar, Rubio de Pruna or Coco. He is starting to appear in the spotlight thanks to another young Catalan talent, el Yiyo, touring the world with him.
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Gastronomic Tour
Passionate from 1970
Copyright by Tablao Flamenco Cordobes | For tourist information, to assist in planning your trip, visit: Barcelona city guide by locals
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David Taintor is a news editor at Talking Points Memo. Previously, he worked at NBC News and Adweek. He's a native of Minnesota. Reach him at taintor@talkingpointsmemo.com.
Ann Wagner Names Favorite Bar -- Not Book -- At RNC Chair Debate (VIDEO)
January 3, 2011, 7:37 PM EST
The candidates for chairman of the Republican National Committee are a literate bunch. And when asked to name their favorite book, their answers were revealing, to say the least.
Maria Cino's favorite is the classic To Kill a Mockingbird. Reince Priebus named The Reagan Diaries as his first choice. And current RNC Chairman Michael Steele's favorite is War and Peace.
Report: Daily Show, Colbert Report Could Return To Hulu
Getting antsy waiting for The Daily Show and The Colbert Report to return from their holiday hiatus? The New York Times' Brian Stelter reports some exciting news in the meantime: the shows could soon return to Hulu.
Katie Couric: 'We Need A Muslim Version Of The Cosby Show' (VIDEO)
After the outbreak of Islamophobia in 2010, CBS news anchor Katie Couric thinks she has a solution: "Maybe we need a Muslim version of The Cosby Show."
In a round-table discussion with Politico's Jonathan Martin, comedian Mo Rocca and theroot.com's Sheryl Huggins-Salomon, Couric said "the bigotry expressed against Muslims in this country has been one of the most disturbing stories to surface this year."
'Nostradamus' Of Middle East Makes Grave Predictions For U.S. In 2011
The so-called "Nostradamus" of the Middle East, Michel Hayek, has some grave predictions for President Barack Obama in the new year.
Speaking during a live broadcast on New Year's Eve for the 26th year in a row, he predicted Obama will face problems in 2011 "never faced by previous presidents," but reportedly did not offer any specifics. Millions tuned into the broadcast, according to The National, .
George Will Definitively Declares Sarah Palin 'Cannot Be Elected President' (VIDEO)
Frances Martel | Mediaite
We're now less than two years away from the next presidential election, which means it's time for 2012 presidential speculation to begin! The first This Week of the year kicked off the talk with some of the biggest names on the Republican side, and George Will seems to have found through the litany of names what he called "the President's secret weapon": Sarah Palin's inability to be elected.
Aloha! The Obamas In Hawaii
December 31, 2010, 12:19 PM EST
1||After a busy lame duck session of Congress, President Barack Obama and his family headed to his home state of Hawaii to celebrate the holidays. During the trip, Obama hit the links, read a biography of Ronald Reagan and enjoyed some shaved ice. After extending the trip an extra day, the Obamas are scheduled to return to Washington on January 4.||newscom/Cory Lum/phlphotos&&
2||Barack and Michelle Obama paid a Christmas Day visit to a Marine base in Kaneohe to greet troops and their families.||newscom/Kent Nishimura/phlphotos&&
3||||newscom/Kent Nishimura/UPI&&
5||||newscom/Kent Nishimura/phlphotos&&
6||Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden also visited with troops and their families on Christmas Day at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C.||Official White House Photo by David Lienemann&&
7||The Obamas sing during services on December 26 at St. Michael's Chapel at Marine Corps Base Hawaii in Kailua.||Official White House Photo by Pete Souza&&
8||The Obamas, along with friends and family, stopped for shaved ice on December 27 at Kailua Beach.||Kent Nishimura/UPI/Newscom&&
10||||newscom/Kent Nishimura/phlphotos&&
11||Obama on December 28 after sinking a putt on the 9th hole at Mid-Pacific Country Club in Honolulu.||newscom/Cory Lum/UPI&&
12||Obama with friend Mike Ramos before starting their round of golf.||newscom/Cory Lum/CNP&&
Senate Ethics Committee Dismisses Complaint Against Dodd
December 30, 2010, 6:42 PM EST
Outgoing Sen. Chris Dodd (D-CT) is catching a break just in time for the new year, after the Senate Ethics Panel dismissed a complaint against him.
Judicial Watch -- a conservative public interest group -- filed the complaint against Dodd, saying he "assisted a longtime friend and associate to obtain a reduced sentence and ultimately a full presidential pardon from President Clinton for tax and securities crimes, in exchange for gifts."
Ex-MSNBC Host David Shuster Explains Departure, Slams Fox News, Glenn Beck
Mark Joyella | Mediaite
Ex-MSNBC host David Shuster emerged after months off the air, and came out firing at Fox News and Glenn Beck.
Shuster, who explained his sudden departure from MSNBC as amicable and caused by his interest in "looking around" for other work (Shuster was widely believed to have been auditioning for an anchor role at CNN) and "we had a disagreement about what happened."
Judge Rules Against Graphic NYC Anti-Smoking Ads
A federal judge on Wednesday ruled against New York City's use of graphic anti-smoking ads, saying that only the federal government can regulate smoking warnings.
"Even merchants of morbidity are entitled to the full protection of the law, for our sake as well as theirs," said U.S. District Judge Jed S. Rakoff, who issued the written decision.
Historians Find Myriad Errors In VA History Textbooks
Surprise, surprise, historians have found glaring errors in a textbook claiming that African Americans fought in large numbers for the South during the Civil War.
A number of additional errors have been found in other textbooks being used in some Virginia classrooms, since the state ordered a review of the books, the Washington Post reports.
Among the textbooks' errors are claims that the Confederacy included 12 states and the U.S. entered World War I in 1916. Five professional scholars reviewed the books, with three of them finding "disturbing" results. State officials are scheduled to meet January 10 to review the results.
"I absolutely could not believe the number of mistakes -- wrong dates and wrong facts everywhere. How in the world did these books get approved?" said Ronald Heinemann, a former history professor at Hampden-Sydney College who reviewed "Our Virginia: Past and Present." The other book mentioned in the report was "Our America: To 1865."
GOP Homeland Security Chair 'Concerned' With 'Growing Leadership Void' At DHS April 8, 2019, 4:36 PM EDT
Following the ousters of the Homeland Security secretary and Secret Service director, and the…
Schumer Wants Ousted Secret Service Chief To Testify On Mar-A-Lago 'Vulnerabilities' April 8, 2019, 3:47 PM EDT
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) on Monday called for ousted Secret Service Director…
Nielsen: ‘I Just Want To Thank The President, Again’ April 8, 2019, 12:21 PM EDT
Nielsen: "I just want to thank the President, again." pic.twitter.com/5m8WSU9Xej — TPM Livewire (@TPMLiveWire)…
Trump Thanks 'Two Great People': Diamond And Silk April 6, 2019, 10:10 AM EDT
Thank you to two great people! https://t.co/9VoIV44L9c — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) April 6,…
Cornyn Hits Castro With A Prime Middle School Comeback April 5, 2019, 9:43 AM EDT
Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) came back at Rep. Joaquin Castro (D-TX) with the Twitter…
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Premier League survival is more important than FA Cup glory, admits Brighton striker Glenn Murray
The Seagulls are in the semi-finals of the Cup following a dramatic penalty shootout victory over Millwall on Sunday
By Sean O'Brien
Updated: 18th March 2019, 11:46 am
Brighton striker Glenn Murray has revealed the club would rather stay in the Premier League than win the FA Cup.
The Seagulls face Manchester City at Wembley in the semi-finals after a miraculous comeback victory over Millwall on Sunday.
But despite their success in the Cup, they remain just five points clear of safety in the Premier League.
Wigan famously won the FA Cup and got relegated in the same season back in 2013, but Murray has no doubt about which competition is the more important.
Murray couldn’t watch as Brighton beat Millwall on penalties
When asked whether he would sacrifice the club’s Premier League status for an FA Cup winners’ medal, he told talkSPORT: “No, not at all.
“It would be brilliant to have an FA Cup winners’ medal, but for the club to progress, it’s so important to stay in the Premier League.
“I really believe that this club is doing everything right on and off the field to remain a Premier League team for a long time.”
Brighton pulled off a miracle at The Den to recover from two-goals down with just two minutes of normal time remaining.
Jurgen Locadioa swivelled to rifle home a stunning volley before Millwall goalkeeper David Martin let Solly March’s free-kick slip through his hands right at the death.
With the footballing Gods clearly on their side, Brighton went on the win the penalty shootout on sudden-death when Lions defender Jake Cooper fired over the bar.
Murray blasted his penalty against the crossbar
It spared Murray’s blushes after the 35-year-old smashed Brighton’s opening penalty against the crossbar, and he couldn’t watch as Cooper stepped up for the decisive spot-kick.
“I turned my back on the third penalty and Matty [Ryan] saved it,” he said. “So after that I had to continue turning my back.”
While his team-mates ran off in jubilant celebrations, Murray consoled the heartbroken Millwall stars, and he explains why it felt like the right thing to do.
There are eight live commentaries across the talkSPORT network this week. Find out what they are and where to hear them, below...
Germany vs Serbia (Wednesday) – talkSPORT 2
Kazakhstan vs Scotland (Thursday) – talkSPORT 2
England vs Czech Republic (Friday) – talkSPORT
Walsall vs Barnsley (Saturday) – talkSPORT 2
Shrewsbury vs Portsmouth (Saturday) – talkSPORT 2
Gibraltar vs Republic of Ireland (Saturday) – talkSPORT 2
San Marino vs Scotland (Sunday) – talkSPORT 2
Netherlands vs Germany (Sunday) – talkSPORT 2
“That just came naturally,” he added.
“I was nearly the one with my head in my hands after missing that first penalty, so I was on the doorstep of how they felt and I know quite a few of their boys.
“It can be a punishing game sometimes and they were on the wrong end of it yesterday.”
Murray’s despair turned into jubilation
The Seagulls must pull off something equally miraculous if they are to reach the final, with Pep Guardiola’s quadruple-chasing Manchester City waiting for them in the semis.
However, the Premier League champions were forced to recover from two goals down against Swansea in their quarter-final, and Sergio Aguero appeared to be offside when he netted the winner.
Murray insists his team believe they can pull off one of the great Cup upsets.
Murray showed his class
“You’ve got to beat the best if you want to win something like this,” he continued.
“You never know in a cup game for 90 minutes, football is a funny game.
“The belief is there that we can do it.”
Glenn Murray
Alan Brazil Sports Breakfast
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Construction & Engineering News Liberia
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By Kate Stubbs 12 Jul 2019
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Sustainable design, sustainable living and our impact on the Earth's fragile resources should be a concern for all humanity...
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By Festival Godwin Boateng 27 Jun 2019
Latest Africa Property & Construction Cost Guide launched
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In a 2015 report, McKinsey estimated that if every country in Africa had to build to meet their current electricity demand, the region would require about $490bn of capital for new generating capacity - and a further $345bn for transmission and distribution infrastructure...
By Paul Grota 11 Jun 2019
High-level panel at UN-Habitat Assembly focuses on creating innovative, inclusive cities
A high-level panel featuring President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya, President Salva Kiir Mayardit of South Sudan, Prime Minister Josai Vorege Bainimarama of Fiji, and Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed of Yemen recently shared ideas on innovation in cities in front of a packed audience at the first UN-Habitat Assembly...
Water security research expenditure not reflecting scarcity reality
Researchers at the African Utility Week and PowerGen Africa conference and exhibition in Cape Town last week raised concerns over decreased expenditure on water security research...
By Alicestine October 21 May 2019
All the 2019 African Power, Energy & Water Industry Awards winners
Ethiopia's former state minister in the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy Wondimu Tekle Sigo was among the winners at the annual African Power, Energy & Water Industry Awards...
Sanitation innovation - a key to Africa's development strategy
The demographic dividend, new production revolution, shifting wealth patterns, accelerated urban transition and climate change and the green economy are the megatrends that will influence this continent's future...
By Dhesigen Naidoo 15 May 2019
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Tài liệu New Growth Theory,Technology and Learning: A Practitioner’s Guide doc
New Growth Theory, New Growth Theory,
Technology and Learning: Technology and Learning:
A Practitioner’s GuideA Practitioner’s Guide
JosepJosep
h Cortright
Impresa, Inc
Reviews of Economic Reviews of Economic
Development Literature and Development Literature and
Practice: No. 4Practice: No. 4
U.S. Economic Development AdministrationU.S. Economic Development Administration
New Growth Theory,
Joseph Cortright
Reviews of Economic Development
Literature and Practice: No. 4
Impresa, Inc.
1424 NE Knott Street
jcortright@impresaconsulting.com
This report was prepared under an award 99-07-13801 from the Economic Development Administration, U.S.
Department of Commerce. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of
the Economic Development Administration.
New Growth Theory emphasizes that economic growth results from the increasing returns
associated with new knowledge. Knowledge has different properties than other economic goods
(being non-rival, and partly excludable). The ability to grow the economy by increasing
knowledge rather than labor or capital creates opportunities for nearly boundless growth.
Markets fail to produce enough knowledge because innovators cannot capture all of the gains
associated with creating new knowledge. And because knowledge can be infinitely reused at
zero marginal cost, firms who use knowledge in production can earn quasi-monopoly profits.
All forms of knowledge, from big science to better ways to sew a shirt exhibit these properties
and contribute to growth. Economies with widespread increasing returns are unlikely to develop
along a unique equilibrium path. Development may be a process of creative destruction, with a
succession of monopolistically competitive technologies and firms. Markets alone may not
converge on a single most efficient solution, and technological and regional development will
tend to exhibit path dependence.
History, institutions and geography all shape the development of knowledge-based economies.
History matters because increasing returns generate positive feedbacks that tend to cause
economies to “lock in” to particular technologies and locations. Development is in part chaotic
because small events at critical times can have persistent, long term impacts on patterns of
economic activity. Institutions matter because they shape the environment for the production
and employment of new knowledge. Societies that generate and tolerate new ideas, and that
continuously adapt to changing economic and technological circumstances are a precondition to
sustained economic growth. Geography matters because knowledge doesn’t move frictionlessly
among economic actors. Important parts of knowledge are tacit, and embedded in the routines of
individuals and organizations in different places.
New Growth Theory, and the increasing returns associated with knowledge have many
implications for economic development policy. New Growth Theory underscores the importance
of investing in new knowledge creation to sustain growth. Policy makers will need to pay
careful attention to all of the factors that provide incentives for knowledge creation (research and
development, the education system, entrepreneurship and the tolerance for diversity,
macroeconomic expectations, openness to trade). Because it undermines the notion of a single,
optimal general equilibrium, New Growth Theory implies that economics will be less capable of
predicting future outcomes.
Abstract ii
Contents iii
A Practitioners Guide to Theories for the Knowledge Based Economy 1
I. What is New Growth Theory? 2
A. Increasing Returns to Knowledge Drive Growth 2
B. Special Characteristics of Knowledge 4
C. Implications of Increasing Returns 6
II. Implications of New Growth Theory 10
A. History Matters 10
B. Institutions Matter 16
C. Place Matters 19
III. Lessons For Economic Development Policy 25
A. Creating Knowledge is Central To Economic Development 25
B. Strategic Opportunities Exist to Influence Economic Growth 26
C. Every Community has Different Opportunities 27
D. Everyone Can Create Knowledge 28
E. Macroeconomic Policies Can Trigger Increasing Returns Growth 29
A PRACTITIONERS GUIDE TO THEORIES FOR THE KNOWLEDGE BASED
The purpose of this paper is to provide interested readers, particularly economic development
practitioners, with an accessible, non-technical summary of the newer theories of economic
development. Our intent is neither to be exacting nor exhaustive in describing this literature, but
rather to summarize and synthesize the various strains of the literature with a practical bearing on
the policy choices confronting those who work to improve state, regional and local economies.
Most economic development practitioners labor in a world that is only distantly and unevenly
connected to the complex and frequently arcane academic debates about economic growth.
Much of the world-view of these practitioners (and in turn, policy-makers) is formed by
experience and rule-of-thumb. Even those with formal training in economics often date their
most recent studies to one or two decades ago, as an undergraduate. They may truly be, in
Keynes’ words, the slaves of some defunct economist.
The intent of this paper is not to suggest that the economics profession has coalesced around a
new theory of economic growth and development. It hasn’t; a lively debate continues between
traditional neo-classical views and a range of suggested alternatives. Our hope rather, is that by
introducing many new readers to the new thinking and theorizing about the economy, we will
broaden and enrich this debate.
The scope of this paper, like the new theorizing about the economy, transcends a number of
dimensions. The common focus is the role of new knowledge creation, and the way it plays out
in driving economic growth, its mechanics, its geography, and the critical roles of culture and
institutions.
We start with a close look at the New Growth Theory and the writings of one of its leading
theorists, Paul Romer. Romer’s work has ignited much of the intellectual attention to economic
growth in recent years, and laid out a number of the important principles that underlie other
aspects of the growth process. Specifically, careful distinctions about the nature of economic
goods, the logic underlying the models and metaphors economists use to describe the world, and
the central role for new ideas—knowledge—to shape our economic well-being are all explored.
The point here is not that neoclassical theory is wrong but that it is incomplete. In the jargon of
the trade, the stylized facts that economists use to describe the world leave out much of what
really matters. Neoclassical theory applies deductive logic to a set of assumptions about
consumer behavior and the technology of production. Adding knowledge to these models
complicates them, but makes them more realistic, and in the end, more useful.
I. WHAT IS NEW GROWTH THEORY?
New Growth Theory is a view of the economy that incorporates two important points. First, it
views technological progress as a product of economic activity. Previous theories treated
technology as a given, or a product of non-market forces. New Growth Theory is often called
“endogenous” growth theory, because it internalizes technology into a model of how markets
function. Second, New Growth Theory holds that unlike physical objects, knowledge and
technology are characterized by increasing returns, and these increasing returns drive the process
of growth.
This new theory addresses the fundamental questions about what makes economies grow: Why
is the world measurably richer today than a century ago? Why have some nations grown more
than others? The essential point of New Growth Theory is that knowledge drives growth.
Because ideas can be infinitely shared and reused, we can accumulate them without limit. They
are not subject to what economists call “diminishing returns.” Instead, the increasing returns to
knowledge propel economic growth.
New Growth Theory helps us make sense of the ongoing shift from a resource-based economy to
a knowledge-based economy. It underscores the point that the economic processes which create
and diffuse new knowledge are critical to shaping the growth of nations, communities and
individual firms.
A. Increasing Returns to Knowledge Drive Growth
Ultimately, all increases in standards of living can be traced to discoveries of
more valuable arrangements for the things in the earth’s crust and atmosphere . . .
No amount of savings and investment, no policy of macroeconomic fine-tuning,
no set of tax and spending incentives can generate sustained economic growth
unless it is accompanied by the countless large and small discoveries that are
required to create more value from a fixed set of natural resources (Romer 1993b,
p. 345).
Today we tend to focus on the computer and the Internet as the icons of economic progress, but
it is the process that generates new ideas and innovations, not the technologies themselves, that is
the force that sustains economic growth.
Romer is credited with stimulating New Growth Theory, but as Romer himself notes, (Romer
1994b) there is really nothing new about the theory itself. The central notion behind New
Growth Theory is increasing returns associated with new knowledge or technology. The
cornerstone of traditional economic models is decreasing or diminishing returns, the idea that at
some point as you increase the output of anything (a farm, a factory, a whole economy) the
addition of more inputs (work effort, machines, land) results in less output than did the addition
of the last unit of production. Decreasing returns are important because they result in increasing
marginal costs (that is, at some point, the cost of producing one more unit of production is higher
than the cost of producing the previous unit of production). Decreasing returns and rising
marginal costs are critical assumptions to getting the mathematical equations economists use to
describe the economy to be settling down to a unique equilibrium.
For economists, a world of decreasing returns has a number of useful mathematical properties.
Economies resolve themselves to stable and unique equilibrium conditions. Moreover, assuming
free entry of firms, the math of decreasing returns implies that individual firms are price-takers,
that they have no control over the market level of prices, and that markets easily and
automatically encourage the optimum levels of production and distribute output efficiently:
Adam Smith’s invisible hand.
While essential to microeconomic models—studies of the economics of individual firms—
decreasing returns have some pessimistic implications for the economy taken as a whole. If we
can expect ever diminishing returns to new machines and additional workers, this implies that
economic growth will become slower, and slower, and eventually stop. This vision of an
increasingly sluggish economy doesn’t seem to square well with the historical record.
In the 1950s, Robert Solow crafted theory that addressed this problem, building a model that
kept diminishing returns to capital and labor, but which added a third factor—technical
knowledge—that continued to prod economic productivity and growth (1957). Solow’s model
pictured technology as a continuous, ever-expanding set of knowledge that simply became
evident over time—not something that was specifically created by economic forces. This
simplification allowed economists to continue to model the economy using decreasing returns,
but only at the cost of excluding technology from the economic model itself. Because
technology was assumed to be determined by forces outside the economy, Solow’s model is
often referred to as an “exogenous” model of growth.
The model Solow devised—ultimately recognized in the 1987 Nobel Prize for economics—
became a mainstay of the economic analysis of growth. A number of economists used the basic
framework to make elaborate calculations of the relative contributions of expanding (and
improving) labor supplies, and increased capital investment to driving growth. These efforts at
“growth accounting” showed that most of the growth of the economy was due to increases in
capital and labor, and, consistent with the Solow model, assumed that what couldn’t be explained
by these factors was “the residual” attributable to improvements in technology (Fagerberg 1994).
The world described by the Solow model provided not only the basis for economic theorizing,
but also strongly shaped the policy recommendations of economists, what was taught in colleges
and universities about economic development, and what kinds of policies many governments
followed. Neoclassical theory has brought us a number of important ideas that we apply to the
world of economic policy. Taken as a whole, neoclassical assumptions lead us to conclude that
markets are generally very competitive, and don’t tend toward monopolies, that left un-impeded,
market processes usually result in optimum levels of production and allocation. They also imply
that we have relatively limited opportunities for government to promote economic ends, other
than encouraging market competition, providing adequate schooling and encouraging savings
and investment.
The New Growth Theory challenges the neoclassical model in many important ways. The
exogenous growth models developed by Solow and other neoclassical scholars largely didn’t try
to explain what caused technology to improve over time. Implying that technology “just
happened” led to an emphasis on capital accumulation and labor force improvement as sources
of growth. As Romer says: “We now know that the classical suggestion that we can grow rich
by accumulating more and more pieces of physical capital like fork lifts is simply wrong”
(Romer 1986). The underlying reason is that any kind of physical capital is ultimately subject to
diminishing returns; economies cannot grow simply by adding more and more of the same kind
of capital.
New Growth Theory revived an old tradition of thinking about the effects of increasing returns.
At least through the early days of the 20
century, economists were quite comfortable talking
about increasing returns as both an actual and a theoretical possibility (Buchanan and Yoon
1994). But as economists moved to an ever stronger emphasis complex mathematical
formulations of their theories, no one had the mathematical tools to model situations with
increasing returns. Assuming diminishing returns produced economic models that could be
solved with the tools of calculus at hand, and their systems of equations settled down to a single,
stable equilibrium. If one assumed increasing returns, the equations blew up, leaving the greater
part of mathematical economics in wreckage. As a result, economists restricted themselves to
diminishing returns, which didn’t present anomalies, and could be analyzed completely (Arthur
Recent economic developments have underscored the relevance of increasing returns in the
world of business. Software and the Internet, both relatively new inventions, have very high
initial or fixed costs (the cost of developing the first disk or initially programming a website) but
very low (or nearly zero) costs of serving an additional customer or user. The first copy of
Microsoft windows might cost tens of millions of dollars to make, but each additional copy can
be made for pennies.
B. Special Characteristics of Knowledge
The physical world is characterized by diminishing returns. Diminishing returns
are the result of the scarcity of physical objects. One of the most important
differences between objects and ideas . . . is that ideas are not scarce and the
process of discovery in the realm of ideas does not suffer from diminishing
returns (Romer quoted in Kurtzman 1997).
Unexpressed but implicit in Adam Smith's argument for the efficiency of the
market system are assumptions about the nature of goods and services and the
process of exchange—assumptions that fit reality less well today than they did
back in Adam Smith's day (DeLong and Froomkin 1999).
The centerpiece of New Growth Theory is the role knowledge plays in making growth possible.
Knowledge includes everything we know about the world, from the basic laws of physics, to the
blueprint for a microprocessor, to how to sew a shirt or paint a portrait. Our definition should be
very broad including not just the high tech, but also the seemingly routine.
One special aspect of knowledge makes it critical to growth. Knowledge is subject to increasing
returns because it is a non-rival good. Non-rival goods are very different from those considered
in most economic textbooks. Economists generally focus their analyses on the production and
allocation of ordinary goods and services. Two key properties of ordinary goods and services are
rivalry—only one person can use them or make use of them at a given time—and excludability
— one has the ability (often established in law) to exclude others from using the goods that are
Not all goods and services are rival and excludable. Economic theory has treated goods and
services that are neither rival nor excludable as a special case—“public goods”—things like
national defense, lighthouses and malaria eradication. Once provided for one person these
services are equally available to all. In neither case does having an additional consumer for these
services deprive others of its value (i.e. there is no rivalry) and neither can anyone be effectively
prevented from benefiting from the service (i.e. they are not excludable).
Free markets, economists admit, don’t do a good job of providing public goods for two reasons.
The first is the so-called “free rider” problem: because we can’t exclude anyone from receiving
the benefits of these goods and services, we don’t have any effective way of forcing anyone to
pay. Anyone who has endured a public broadcasting fundraiser will be familiar with this
problem. Some will pay for a service out of a sense of value received or civic obligation, but
many who use the service, choose not to. A second and related problem is that free markets
don’t produce enough public goods. Because there is no way to capture revenue equal to all the
benefits people receive from public goods, they don’t get produced even though they would
produce a real value to consumers in excess of their cost of production. This “market failure”
provided a reasonable justification—to economists—for government funding for many public
goods, like national defense.
The standard approach economists use has been to divide the world into two parts: private
goods—excludable and rival, and produced by markets—and public goods—non-excludable,
non-rival, and produced by government, or other non-market means, like charities. While an
important exception to the rule that markets produce optimum results, public goods tended to be
viewed as a very limited exception: we can rely on markets to produce the overwhelming
majority of goods and services, and turn to the public sector only in a few special cases.
To the extent that economic theory addressed knowledge at all, it generally tended to assume it
was simply a public good. If one makes a fundamental research breakthrough, like E=mc
observes the super-conducting properties of a particular combination of metals, then this
information becomes equally available to all.
But not all ideas are pure public goods. While they are non-rival—many people can use them at
once without depriving others of their use—economically valuable ideas are at least partially
excludable. And most importantly, their excludability is more a function of socially determined
property rights than it is a function of the intrinsic character of the idea. Patents, trademarks, and
copyright law allow individuals to have certain rights to exclude others from the benefits of the
ideas they have created. Keeping ideas secret—trade secrets, confidential business
information—also allows their owner to exclude others from their benefits.
Because ideas are intangible, when we look at a good like a machine or a service, we don’t think
about the ideas embedded in it. But digital technologies have sharpened our perception of the
difference between ideas and products. Software programs, at their core, long sequences of 1’s
and 0’s encoded in magnetic media, are as close to a pure idea as one can imagine. Software is
plainly a non-rival good. The microeconomic analysis of idea production is clear. Because they
are non-rival, their marginal cost of production is near zero —the incremental cost of making
software available to an additional user is pennies for the diskette and nothing for the program
The non-rival quality of ideas is the attribute that drives economic growth. We can all share and
reuse ideas at zero, or nearly zero cost. As we accumulate more and more ideas, knowledge
about how the world works, and how to extract greater use out of the finite set of resources with
which the world is endowed, we enable the economy to develop further.
C. Implications of Increasing Returns
The increasing returns associated with the non-rival aspect of ideas have a number of important
implications for economic theory and how economies work. Some of these implications are a
cause for optimism; others make life more difficult, especially for economists.
1. Opportunities for Growth May be Almost Limitless
The source of economic progress is ideas. We have basically the same stock of physical
resources we have always had. Our higher standard of living stems from our improved ability to
rearrange these physical objects into forms that provide greater value. Today’s Pentium 4-based
computer has about the same quantities of copper, plastic, fiberglass, silicon and other materials
as did 1982’s IBM PC, but it’s a hundred times faster and capable of far more functions because
all of these materials have been re-arranged into a slightly different form.
Unlike the critics of the patent office at the turn of the 20
century who believed it could be
closed because nearly everything useful had already been invented, it is extremely likely that we
will never come close to discovering all or even a very significant fraction of all of the possible
useful products, inventions and processes we might create from the physical objects available to
us.
The potential for ideas to change things is enormous. Romer illustrates this with the example of
a child’s chemistry set. If one has 100 different chemicals in the set, there are more than 10
possible combinations of 2 or more chemicals one can make (ignoring the opportunities for
varying the proportions of the ingredients). The possible number of combinations is staggering:
by Romer’s calculation if everyone on the planet had tried one combination a second for the last
20 billion years—the age of the universe—we still would have tested less than one percent of the
possible combinations (Romer 1992).
This aspect of ideas should fundamentally change our notions of the opportunities for economic
progress. Traditionally, economics has been regarded as the dismal science, because it kept
suggesting that we would eventually run into serious limits to growth in our finite world.
Concerns about environmental deterioration associated with the increased consumption of
natural resources have revived and heightened these concerns. New Growth Theory implies,
however, that we continue to increase living standards for centuries to come by steadily
improving our knowledge of how to produce more and better goods and services with ever-
smaller amounts of physical resources (Grossman and Helpman 1994).
2. Markets Tend to Under-Invest in Knowledge
In the physical economy, with diminishing returns, there are perfect prices; in the
knowledge economy, with its increasing returns, there are no perfect prices
(Romer quoted in Kurtzman 1997).
One virtue of the market system is that it is thought to provide the right signals to producers and
consumers about whether to use more or less of a commodity. High prices tell consumers to
consume less, and producers to produce more. Low prices discourage production and encourage
consumption. Markets thus tend toward equilibrium—the cost of the last unit produced is
always just equal to its value to the person consuming it. To the economist’s eye, this results in
the optimal levels of production and consumption of every given commodity.
But in the case of knowledge, markets may not send the right price signals. The social benefits
and the private costs of new knowledge creation diverge. Because additional use of knowledge
has zero marginal cost, once the knowledge is created, any positive price for knowledge is too
high. Because knowledge isn’t fully excludable, entrepreneurs get paid less than the social value
of their knowledge, and they don’t have sufficient incentives to distribute it widely or invest in
creating more.
The difficulty and uncertainty of being able to capture the value associated with an invention is a
real problem. Xerox may have invented the mouse and the graphical user interface for
computers, but Apple and Microsoft made all of the money associated with selling the products
that incorporated these ideas (Jarboe and Atkinson 1998). Knowledge spillovers mean that
investors have smaller incentives to invest in knowledge than they do in more tangible things,
like machinery, that they can control.
As a result, many socially valuable investments in knowledge may not be made. Rather than
investing in knowledge creation which may have huge returns (which an investor can only partly
capture), private investors find it more profitable to invest in less valuable investments from
which they can appropriate more of the gains. The gap between the social returns of research
investment and their private returns is evidence of the inability of firms to capture the benefits of
their research (Nelson and Romer 1996). Careful econometric studies have repeatedly shown
that the social rate of return to research (the value of all of the economic benefits received by
society) is typically two to five times higher than that private rate of return (the profits accruing
to the individual or the company that pioneered the innovation) (Jarboe and Atkinson 1998).
The traditional solution to dealing with spillovers, granting strong property rights for the fruits of
an invention, may also have negative consequences. Letting someone have a patent on the
blinking cursor or on iterative looping in a computer program, would likely stifle the
development of technology (Nelson and Romer 1996). As a result no simple market
arrangement will result in the optimum incentives for both the discovery of new knowledge and,
at the same time, its most efficient allocation throughout the economy.
3. Knowledge-Based Economies Tend Toward Monopolistic Competition
We must recognize that ideas are economic goods which are unlike conventional
private goods and that markets are inherently less successful at producing and
transmitting ideas than they are with private goods (Romer 1992, p. 89).
A market for knowledge has different competitive dynamics than a market for ordinary goods
and services. Because knowledge has increasing returns (continuously declining marginal costs),
having the largest market share produces the highest profits. As the leading producer faces
permanently declining costs—the next unit of output can be produced even more cheaply than
the last—whoever has the leading position in the market can maintain and extend it. Eventually,
it is likely that a single firm will dominate or monopolize the market. This is exactly the concern
raised in the federal anti-trust case against Microsoft.
This outcome is different than is the case with physical goods that have decreasing returns. As
the largest firms increase production in an industry with diseconomies of scale, they face
increasing costs. The next unit of output costs more than the last unit, and they find it difficult to
undercut the prices charged by their competitors. In contrast, for products characterized by
increasing returns, leading firms tend to build up insurmountable advantages (their larger output
gives them ever lower costs), and new entrants face the difficult prospect of starting out with
much higher costs that their established competitors. The result is that markets with increasing
returns tend to be characterized by monopolies.
Knowledge-based economies tend towards what economists call monopolistic competition.
Businesses compete with one another, not based on the price of similar products, but based on
their monopoly position with a particular differentiated product or service. Competition occurs
not based on cutting prices, but in augmenting product characteristics—variety, quality,
features—and introducing new products. This is a competitive market, but a very different one
from the smoothly adjusting equilibrium model of neoclassical economics. While this kind of
competition may have negligible effects in certain markets—like sales of popular music—it
could have huge implications for the economy in others—operating systems software.
This was a relatively small problem when most of the economy was composed of goods, and
only a relatively small fraction of economic output was knowledge based products and services,
like software. In today's economy, knowledge is coming to represent a larger fraction of the
products and services we consume (Arthur 1996).
4. Economic Outcomes are Indeterminate; Multiple Equilibria are Possible
Once we admit that there is room for newness – that there are vastly more
conceivable possibilities than realized outcomes – we must confront the fact that
there is no special logic behind the world we inhabit, no particular justification for
why things are the way they are. Any number of arbitrarily small perturbations
along the way could have made the world as we know it turn out very differently
(Romer 1994b, p. 9).
One of the corollaries of the nearly limitless opportunities for growth implied by New Growth
Theory is that the world we live in is only one possible arrangement of people, technologies and
institutions that is conceivably possible.
As Plato noted long ago, there is a natural tendency on the part of humans to assume that the
world that we inhabit turned out the only way it could have. We tend to believe in plenitude, the
notion that the world is complete, and that everything that can exist does exist (Romer 1994b). It
is difficult to comprehend all of the different possibilities, for human development and for
technology that might have occurred had things been even slightly different. Suppose that the
comet that hit the earth 65 million years ago had missed: life on earth would undoubtedly look
very different than it does. We look at things as they are, and assume that they are the product of
an inexorable, determinate process. To realize just how tenuous and improbable just
technological developments have been, one needs only look at the arcane and unpredictable
paths that have led to the world’s major scientific discoveries (Burke 1978).
Traditional economic theories exhibit this bias. As Romer points out, the standard
microeconomic model echoes the notion of plenitude, assuming that all goods and services
already exist, and that the sole job of markets is to allocate them among competing uses. The
notion of a unique equilibrium implies that market processes are deterministic: that they
automatically select the single best outcome (Romer 1994b). Increasing returns, however, imply
the possibility of multiple equilibria.
This line of reasoning quickly leads to the domain of chaos theory. A number of economists
have drawn the connection between economic development and the application of chaos theory
in biology and physics (Arthur 1996). Chaos theory models the behavior of complex systems of
interacting independent agents that exhibit spontaneous self-organization, positive feedback and
learning and an indeterminacy of outcomes (Waldrop 1992). While some believe that chaos
theory should lead economics to abandon its traditional equilibrium models, others believe that
essential aspects of chaos mechanics can be incorporated into the microeconomic framework.
(Krugman 1996). The theoretical debate on this point has apparently only begun.
Although increasing returns pose enormous difficulties for theorists and modelers—the future
really is unpredictable—they may be a hopeful sign for policy makers. If small actions taken at
the right time can produce disproportionate and lasting returns, and if there are many possible
efficient futures for the economy, there may be room for public policy to influence which road
we take.
II. IMPLICATIONS OF NEW GROWTH THEORY
The New Growth Theory has impressed economists to the point that it is likely to lead academics
to revise textbooks. But should policymakers care? There are a number of practical implications
from New Growth Theory that should guide us as we think about how to formulate programs
designed to stimulate economic growth. If we accept the theory, it should lead us to change our
views of the importance of history in shaping development trajectories, in the role of institutions
in providing a framework for growth. It should also revive our interest in the importance of
place to development.
A. History Matters
When they are used together, economic history and New Growth Theory give a
more complete picture of technological change than either can give on its own. . .
The key theoretical observation is that larger markets and larger stocks of
resources create substantially bigger incentives for discovering new ways to use
the resources. This simple insight explains why the techniques of mass
production emerged in the United States during the first half of the 19
(Romer 1996, p. 1).
New Growth Theory leads us first to think differently about the role of history in shaping
economic growth. The increasing returns associated with knowledge produce "path
dependence": future options are constrained by past actions. New Growth Theory is also
broadly consistent with an evolutionary view of how the economy changes. This evolution,
moreover, happens not smoothly but in abrupt steps, as new ideas and new businesses replace
old ones in a process of creative destruction.
1. Increasing Returns Produce Path Dependence
The New Growth Theory emphasizes the importance of increasing returns to the overall
opportunities for economic growth. Increasing returns imply tremendous opportunities for
growth, and the need for policy to deal with resulting monopolies and market imperfections. But
increasing returns have important implications for the process of development as well. An
economy dominated by increasing returns will develop very differently than and economy
characterized primarily by diminishing returns.
Economists have only recently begun to systematically explore the developmental implications
of increasing returns. One of the most interesting examples of path dependence is literally right
at our fingertips. Almost every computer keyboard in the western world follows one cryptic
arrangement in use for more than a century, with the letters QWERTY in the upper left-hand
corner. This design dates to the 1870s, and was chosen to prevent the long levers that pressed
the type against the ribbon from clashing with one another, and so, it is said, that a salesman
could type the word “typewriter” using only the keys on the top row.
The reasons behind the persistence of the typewriter keyboard tell us much about the
development of technology, argues historian Paul David. Three characteristics of QWERTY and
similar technologies produce this sort of lock-in: technical interrelatedness, economies of scale,
and quasi-irreversibility (David 1985). Technical interrelatedness is the complementarity
between the physical arrangement of the typewriter keyboard and the typist’s human capital of
touch-typing. Both the keyboard and the typist have to standardize on the same arrangement of
keys in order to achieve efficiency. Economies of scale refer to the relationship between the
number of users of a particular technology and the incentives facing new adopters. In the case of
QWERTY, early touch typists chose to be trained on what was initially the most common
keyboard arrangement. Similarly, typewriter manufacturers looked to produce models that could
be used by the largest number of trained typists. While early on there were several competing
arrangements for keyboards, by the mid-1890s, QWERTY had become virtually universal. That
this situation persisted—for more than a century now, in spite of the transition to an entirely new
technology, computers—is a product of the quasi-irreversibility of the investments by
manufacturers and touch typists. While manufacturers could easily change the layout of the
computer keyboard (and even end users can now do so by software), and keyboard users can
retrain themselves in a new layout, no one does because all the other keyboards and computer
users in the world have standardized on the QWERTY design.
The presence of "QWERTYnomics" has been noted in a wide variety of other technologies. The
triumph of VHS standard video recorders over what many regarded as a technically superior
Beta technology clearly followed the increasing returns dynamic: a small lead in market share
prompted broader availability of products on VHS and further increased demand for VHS
recorders. Eventually VHS drove Beta from the market.
QWERTYnomics implies path dependence: where economies end up is a product of the
development path that they follow. Small chance events occurring at the right time can have
persistent long-term effects. Economies can lock-in to particular, often inefficient, technologies
or other arrangements, and market forces will not automatically correct these inefficient
outcomes (Arthur 1987).
Increasing returns are becoming more important to the economy and economic theory because of
technological change. In the 19
century, the most important industries, like manufacturing and
agriculture, were characterized by decreasing returns. As agriculture expanded, it would move
on to less productive land and confront rising costs or diminishing demand for its product. In
contrast, many of the technologies of the twentieth century are characterized by increasing
returns: huge initial costs to create knowledge needed to produce the first product, but much
smaller costs for each additional unit of output. The economics of producing jet airliners and
computer software seems to follow these trends. Because of declining costs and technological
lock-in, firms that gain early market share in an emerging technology can gain virtual
monopolistic control of a market. Arthur notes that exactly this phenomenon occurred in the
computer industry, where after getting an initial lead thanks to its adoption by IBM (for the first
PC), the DOS operating system came to dominate personal computing. The lock in of users and
computer makers to DOS enabled Microsoft to earn huge profits (Arthur 1996). This argument
underlies a key portion of the anti-trust case brought by the federal government against Microsoft
(Cassidy 1998).
Notwithstanding the intuitively appealing examples, some economists are skeptical of the
importance and extent of increasing returns. While they concede that there are many network
effects, some question whether these are really externalities that distort market outcomes
(Liebowitz and Margolis 1994). Critics question how important technological lock-in is in
causing the economy to deviate in a major way from an optimal state. Advocates of
QWERTYnomics argue that the entire framework of economic progress is driven subtly and
pervasively by chance, and that conventional economic theory focuses primarily on a static view
of the world that, by its nature, obscures the effect of these processes (David 1997).
While much of the debate about QWERTYnomics has revolved around issues of technology, the
theory can be applied to industrial location. Because of the complementarities between
producers and suppliers and employers and workers, firms in a single industry may find it
advantageous to be located in the same community. Once a particular location is established as a
center for a particular industry, new firms and new workers have powerful incentives to locate
there. Paul Krugman has used this notion to build several sophisticated models of industrial
location. The same concept has applicability to international trade as well; industries that exhibit
increasing returns may not simply be dominated by one company or one city, but by a single
nation as well (Krugman 1991). (We explore the connection between lock-in and industrial
location more full in Part C of this section).
What are the policy implications of QWERTYnomics? Because small historical events can play
a decisive role in the development of technology or the location of industry, it is possible that
government interventions can produce a potentially better set of outcomes than the market alone.
For example, policies to support an emerging industry can create a self-reinforcing cycle that
leads to the development of enduring competitive advantage in that industry (Krugman 1994). In
thinking about technological development, it may be wise for public policy to discourage
markets from prematurely locking in to a particular technology before its costs and the
implications for further development are understood (David 1997). And while it is certainly
theoretically possible that governments might make better choices than the market, economists
are almost universally skeptical that they will do so.
2. Economies Exhibit Evolutionary Tendencies
The economy is an evolutionary system, not a Newtonian balance that always seeks equilibrium.
Both the micro behavior of economic actors (firms, workers and consumers) and the overall path
of economic development can be pictured by invoking analogies to biological evolution.
Individual actors don’t maximize their utility in ceaseless calculations of alternatives; they
muddle along, relying on previously successful behaviors until they are proven unsuccessful, and
then trying alternatives that draw from their own experience. The result, when multiplied over
the scale of the entire economy, is an economic system that evolves.
The science of economics arose, hand in hand, with the Enlightenment in the 17
and 18
centuries. Adam Smith, wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776. One of the dominant scientific
paradigms of that day was Newtonian physics—the notion that natural systems, ranging from the
infinitesimal to the cosmic, could be imagined as a series of elaborate balances always tending
toward equilibrium. Arguably the models and metaphors of 18
century physics were imprinted
on the great economic thinkers of that time, and were reflected in the vision that economists had
of the system they sought to explain.
Many economists have sought to add an evolutionary component to economic theory. More than
a century ago, Thorstein Veblen asked why economics—a discipline that analyzes the behavior
of biological actors (humans)—was not an evolutionary science (1898). While his models
emphasized the mechanics of the economy, even Alfred Marshall saw that the ultimate objective
or “Mecca” as he described it for economics, was to model the economy as an evolutionary
system (Marshall quoted in Nelson 1995).
The most prominent advocates of the evolutionary view of economic change are Richard Nelson
and Sidney Winter. Their 1984 book, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, posed a
new view of economics. Nelson and Winter’s evolutionary theory departs from the neoclassical
approach by noting that firms are now just profit maximizers and that the economy is not always
in equilibrium (Nelson 1981). The evolutionary model sees firms as wanting to maximize
profits, but being constrained in doing so by the limits of what they know and by the habits they
have acquired from their previous experience, what Nelson and Winter call organizational
inertia.
Nelson and Winter do not assume that economic actors have perfect information and that they
always make rational, profit-maximizing decisions. Instead, they suggest that economic actors,
particularly business firms and their managers, are creatures of routine. They formulate and
follow certain beliefs and behaviors, and pursue them as long as they continue to be successful.
Businesses change their routines only when they fail to work (and some do not change them at
all, and go out of existence).
As firms revise their routines, they undertake search processes to find or develop new routines.
Typically, these search processes are not the open-ended profit maximizing envisioned by
classical economic theory. Businesses are constrained in their search for new routines and most
often look for new routines that are similar to the ones that they have already adopted. Finally,
the economy functions as a selection environment. Over time it selects successful routines and
marginalizes or eliminates less successful ones, in the same way biological environments select
successful species.
In this evolutionary view routines are the equivalent of the economy’s genetic material. Over
time the economy selects businesses that have DNA that is well adapted to the existing business
environment; routines that don’t lead to successful behavior are eliminated from the gene pool.
Continuing the analogy, though, evolutionary economics is Lamarckian, in that the environment
can produce changes in businesses routines, which may in turn be passed on to successor
businesses.
Thus, unlike the neoclassical theory, which has a difficult time explaining technological change,
evolutionary theory deals with it explicitly. Firms start out with a set of routines, they explore
variations in those routines, and their choices of new routines are shaped by past experience and
their current competitive environment.
In the view of the evolutionary economists, change isn't the smooth and continuous adjustment at
the margin, but is rather the abrupt and often uneven displacement of the one technology by
another. Economic growth is a dis-equilibrium process, and as the competitive environment
changes, development and improvement of new techniques and changes in markets cause some
firms to grow and others to shrink. Economies move ahead by successively generating new
experiments and trials. A critical policy implication of this work is that encouraging
experimentation and learning is essential to economic progress. A corollary is that a diversity of
firms and institutions helps encourage and sustain experimentation (Nelson and Winter 1982).
Such evolutionary theory is closely related to path dependence. As Arthur points out, the non-
linear qualities of increasing returns models of the economy have distinct parallels to the
evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium (Arthur 1989). Because development is path
dependent and the future cannot be predicted with any precision, business managers will have to
emphasize adaptive behavior rather than optimization (Arthur 1996).
3. Creative Destruction is an Intrinsic Part Of Economic Progress
The conventional view of economics, crystallized by Alfred Marshall in the late 19
century was
of the economy as a well-balanced system, always tending toward equilibrium. All of the forces
acting on the economy generated signals or reactions that tended, over time, to push the economy
toward an optimal state. A shortage of some particular good or service was associated with a rise
in its price, which in turn called forth additional resources to produce it, ultimately triggering a
greater supply and a reduction in its price. The view of economic change afforded by this model
of the economy is one of smooth and continuous adjustment.
This view was challenged by Joseph Schumpeter, who argued that economic change was almost
exactly the opposite: abrupt and discontinuous, rather than smooth and orderly. Schumpeter
proposed that the search for higher than normal profits (quasi-rents, in economic jargon) led
individuals and firms to innovate, to seek unique new practices and technologies. New products,
almost by definition, give the businesses producing them a monopoly, if only a temporary one,
and enable firms to earn higher profits until their product is successfully imitated by a competitor
or displaced from the market by yet another new product. New businesses, with new ideas,
changing the definition of markets, not simply lowering the price of some commodity, are the
driving force behind change.
In this view, economic change is not the result of slow movement from one equilibrium to
another, but is driven by the pursuit of the quasi-monopolistic profits that accrue to innovators.
Economic change is propelled by the succession of technologies and practices that destroy old,
inefficient arrangements as newer more efficient ones are created. New ideas are frequently
created by new firms: the business that builds the first railroad is seldom the business that
previously operated the stagecoaches (Schumpeter 1934). New businesses develop new ideas
that displace the old ones. The result is what Schumpeter calls “creative destruction.”
Paul Romer echoes Schumpeter’s argument about the disruptions inherent in economic progress.
We achieve higher productivity by instituting new processes, procedures and organizations that
invariably displace old ones. The displacement produces real losses to those whose jobs or
investments were tied to old ways of doing things, but absent this creative destruction, there is no
technological improvement. Romer offers a metaphor drawn from physical training. Swimmers
work to improve their speed by a combination of physical training and modifications to their
technique. Using any given technique, once a swimmer has achieved a high level of physical
conditioning, it is no longer possible to generate improvements in performance. The only option
is to modify the technique. But modifying a technique almost always produces a short-term
decline in performance as the swimmer struggles to become as precise and effective with the
new stroke as she was with the old (Romer 1994a).
Romer maintains the same tradeoff—short-term dislocation to learn techniques that are
ultimately more efficient “no pain, no gain”—applies with equal force to the economy.
Rearranging the economy to produce new goods or services, means some of the firms, workers,
and equipment used in the current production will be displaced.
Most of Romer’s work focuses on the long run: how much economies grow over periods
measured in years, not the quarter to quarter fluctuations that get media attention. But New
Growth Theory also has important implications for how we view business cycles. Recessions
are in large part a period of time in which the job losses caused by destruction of the old are
concentrated, and for that time exceed the job gains from the ongoing creation of the new.
Schumpeter and his fellow Austrian economists maintained this view of the need to tolerate,
even welcome dislocations, even in the face of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Their view
was that the depression was a natural, even beneficial process of change that shouldn’t be
interfered with, and that if it was, future efficiency would suffer. Romer has made a similar
argument about recessions: layoffs and downsizing in recessions represents, in part, a clustering
of the job destruction occurs when the vulnerabilities of technologically weak firms are exposed
by declining markets (Romer 1994a).
The economy is in a continuous state of upheaval, with new businesses being created, existing
businesses expanding (and contracting) and other firms failing. While this occurs even in good
times, there is evidence that the process of failure and contraction is even more pronounced in
recessions (Davis, et al. 1996). In Romer’s view, much of this job destruction is part of the
natural process of replacing outmoded technologies. Businesses that are marginalized by
technological change may continue to function in good economic times, but are too weak to
weather recessions, resulting in increased rates of layoffs and business closures.
While he was skeptical of those who argued that we would run short of the new ideas needed to
advance the economy, in his later work Schumpeter became pessimistic about long-term
prospects for growth. He feared that gradually capitalism would sow the seeds of its own
destruction, as the rising scale of business replaced entrepreneurs with bureaucrats, diminishing
the social support for innovation. Over time, he feared, established firms and industries would
use their size and political power to win subsidies and regulations discouraging change,
undercutting the incentives and opportunities for new entrepreneurs to unleash further gales of
creative destruction (Schumpeter 1942). The surging growth of venture capital, and the rapid
ascendance of new, technology driven corporations—the Microsofts, Intels, Amazons, Cisco
Systems and thousands of dot.coms—seems however to vindicate Schumpeter’s original
optimistic views about the dynamism of entrepreneurs.
Creative destruction has a straightforward policy implication. Efforts to maintain the current
arrangements of firms, markets and technologies may have the effect of retarding the
development of more efficient and sustainable activities. Places seeking economic development
need to assure that they are good locations for the development of new ideas, and often the
formation of new firms, if they are to be able to succeed in an increasingly global, knowledge-
based economy.
B. Institutions Matter
The problem with the classical description of laissez-faire is its suggestion that the
best of all possible arrangements for economic affairs has already been discovered
and that it requires no collective action. The lesson from economic growth is that
collective action is very important, and that everything, including institutions, can
always be improved (Romer 1993b, p. 388).
The most important job for economic policy is to create an institutional
environment that supports technological change (Romer 1994a, p. 21).
Are governments obstacles to economic growth or instigators of growth? Is the government that
best befits the economy one that gradually withers away, or a strong one? Much economic
theory gives the impression that governments are needed only when markets won’t work, to
address market failures, or provide public goods like national defense, and to achieve purely
social aims, like taking care of the poor and elderly. Governments that do more than the
minimum, the conventional wisdom goes, sap the economy of its strength. New Growth Theory
gives us a new view of the role of institutions in creating the necessary conditions for growth in
an economy driven by new knowledge.
What are institutions and why should they matter? If we think of the economy as a game,
institutions are the rules of the game and the processes by which rules are determined and
enforced. Formal rules, like constitutions, statutes and regulations, and governmental bodies,
like courts and legislators, are institutions. So too, are informal rules that shape and limit
transactions, like common business practices, cultural attitudes and values, and reputation, and
the social constructs that guide and enable interpersonal and business relations.
History influences the pace and trajectory of knowledge creation. But knowledge creation is not
purely the product of market forces. Non-market forces, particularly institutions can also
influence what kinds of knowledge are created. A number of economists have begun to consider
the role that different institutional arrangements play in economic development.
1. Institutions Shape the Incentives for the Creation Of New Knowledge
Economic historian Douglass North won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1993 for his work on
the role of institutions (broadly defined to include governments, culture, and a range of non-
market organizations) in shaping the prospects for economic growth. North observes that in all
of human history, successful, rapidly growing, wealth-creating economies have existed for only a
few centuries. The story of most of our civilizations (and most of the Third World today) is one
of social systems that only sporadically meet the basic needs of their populations, and which
regularly fail to generate sustained economic progress.
Traditional neoclassical economic analysis deals chiefly with the allocation of scarce resources
among competing ends at any point in time. How can societies most efficiently produce and
distribute goods and services to meet the desires and needs of their diverse populations? The
general answer provided by theory is that unfettered price auction markets will be the most
efficient system; producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The chief role
of government in this view is to assure that there is a fair and effective system for defining and
enforcing property rights.
The problem with neoclassical theory, North argues, is that it fails to explain how successful
economies come into being, and how they develop over time. Most societies throughout history
have gotten stuck with a set of institutions that failed to evolve the kinds of beliefs, behaviors
and practices that allowed the development of a modern economy. Modern societies not only
have very different economies than did more primitive societies, but different, and far more
complex sets of institutions as well.
The cumulative learning of societies, reflected in culture and the shared mental models of how
the world works, guide people’s interpretations of economic and political problems and
opportunities. Beliefs about the value of new knowledge, risk taking, and the trust in social
institutions influence the rate and type of economic growth in a society. The structure of
incentives in society is shaped by institutions, which means that ultimately the effectiveness of
markets is dependent on collective, political processes. Markets alone cannot produce the set of
conditions needed for the efficient function of a market economy (Olson 1996).
Over time, the problems that societies face change. Population growth, war, disease,
technological change and other factors change the optimal economic arrangements for any
society. In the 18
century, economic activity was organized largely at the family and individual
level. Extended families ran businesses, one’s children provided old-age support, and most
people worked for themselves. Absent institutional innovations like the private corporation,
social security and unemployment insurance, individuals would find it much more difficult to
organize and participate in large-scale economic activity than they do today.
One reading of neoclassical economics, frequently reflected in political discourse, is that
government actions that do more than specify property rights invariably hinder the efficient
operation of markets. But if effective institutions play a central role in enabling progress, this
creates the opportunity for improving government and other institutions as a way of promoting
Many important institutional innovations deal with the creation and diffusion of knowledge.
Some of these institutions, like patents and copyright law, have relatively long histories.
Universal public education is a relatively recent development. So too are public land grant
universities, peer-reviewed academic research and public-private research partnerships. As Paul
Romer points out, there are many conceivable sets of institutional arrangements that can be
developed to encourage the further development and deployment of economically valuable new
ideas (Romer 1993b).
2. Dynamic Adjustment to Changing Circumstances is Required for Continuing Progress
Not only are institutions important to the effective functioning of an economy at any point in
time, institutions have to change over time to produce the incentives and rules required by new
markets and technology. The ability of institutions to adapt to the changing economic situation,
and to develop new rules and practices to guide transactions shapes the ability of economies to
continue to progress.
North argues that it is this adaptive efficiency, the ability of economies and institutions to change
over time to respond to successive new situations—and not static efficiency, the optimization of
the allocation of resources at any given time—that is the critical factor shaping economic
development. North explains:
Adaptive efficiency . . . is concerned with the kinds of rules that shape the way an
economy evolves through time. It is also concerned with the willingness of a
society to acquire knowledge and learning, to induce innovation, to undertake risk
and creative activity of all sorts, as well as to resolve problems and bottlenecks of
the society through time. We are far from knowing all the aspects of what makes
for adaptive efficiency, but clearly the overall institutional structure plays a key
role to the degree that the society and the economy will encourage the trials,
experiments and innovations that we can characterize as adaptively efficient. The
incentives embedded in the institutional framework direct the process of learning
by doing and the development of tacit knowledge that will lead individuals in
decision-making processes to evolve systems that are different from the ones that
they had to begin with (North 1990, pp. 80-81).
Traditionally, economics focuses on allocative efficiency—the allocation of scarce goods and
services among competing ends. The typical definition of allocative efficiency is “pareto
optimality”–there exists no situation in which one person can be made better off without making
someone else worse off). But efficiency in allocation doesn’t necessarily imply efficiency in
adaptation.
One critical element in adaptive efficiency is the tolerance for new ideas. As Schumpeter
observed, change often entails the creative destruction of the existing economic and political
order. The willingness of societies to tolerate new ideas that challenge the current arrangements
of business and government has varied over time, and still varies considerably among (and
within) nations. In a historical sense, the openness of the West to new knowledge in the
Renaissance and the Enlightenment produced the new ideas that led to the industrial revolution;
the particular institutional arrangements of the United States (the Constitution, the interstate
commerce clause) led to the development of a national economy. Similarly, among nations
today, the relative openness to new ideas in some nations (Singapore, Taiwan) may have much to
do with their recent economic success.
Governments have a crucial role to play in setting up the right structures for economies to evolve
over time. Many of the most critical changes will deal with the incentives for knowledge
creation. As technologies change and economies grow, our institutions will continue to need to
devise new arrangements and solutions for economic problems, from allocating the
electromagnetic spectrum to refining the law governing patents (Thurow 1999).
New Growth Theory emphasizes the central role that new ideas play in driving economic
progress. The careful study of history and contemporary international comparisons of
development highlight the role that new ideas for arranging institutions can play in shaping the
direction and pace of economic development.
C. Place Matters
“As the world becomes more and more closely integrated, the feature that will
increasingly differentiate one geographic area (city or country) from another will
be the quality of public institutions. The most successful areas will be the ones
with the most competent and effective mechanisms for supporting collective
interests, especially in the production of new ideas.”(Romer 1992, p. 89).
Idea creation, new business development and economic change all happen in specific places.
The world is diverse and not homogenous in its characteristics. While much of the theorizing
about economic development looks at differences among nations, economic differences within
nations are often equally striking. Globally competitive firms in any given industry are not only
found in particular nations, but are frequently concentrated in particular regions within those
nations, often in the same city (Porter 1990).
Differences among places are particularly important in thinking about knowledge spillovers,
which as we have seen, are at the heart of the New Growth Theory. Spillovers occur because
knowledge is non-rival and not completely excludable, meaning that some of the benefits of new
ideas flow to persons or economic actors other than those who create the new knowledge. At the
scale of the whole economy these spillovers provide increasing returns, which drive the
processes of growth. Spillovers also happen in particular places, with the result that the New
Growth Theory has definite implications for the geography of economic activity.
Alfred Marshall first made the connection between knowledge spillovers and local economic
development. Noting the agglomerations of or clusters of industries in particular locations,
Marshall observed than in addition to the advantages of labor force pooling and access to
specialized suppliers, having a group of firms in a similar activity in a particular location, like
Sheffield’s steel district, meant that knowledge was in the air (Marshall 1920).
Interest in Marshall’s arguments about the external economies of knowledge spillovers was
heightened in the 1980s, following a number of studies of small but industrial districts in
northern Italy. Dense clusters of small firms, typically located in a single community, managed
to compete successfully in international markets by specializing in the production of certain
products, tiles, fashion apparel, and industrial machinery. Careful studies of the development of
these districts highlighted the strong networks, social linkages and information flows among the
producers (Piore and Sabel 1984).
At the aggregate level, New Growth Theory usually addresses the means of the flow of new
information in terms of openness to foreign investment (Romer 1992), or foreign trade (Romer
1994b). Whether and to what extent ideas can move freely from place to place is an issue of
considerable importance to shaping knowledge spillovers.
Not everyone agrees that knowledge spillovers are critical to explaining the existence of clusters.
Paul Krugman has constructed an elaborate theoretical model of industrial location that produces
industrial agglomerations solely as a product of labor market pooling behavior: firms and
workers find it profitable to seek out locations where each are found in abundance, leading them
to converge on and cluster in locations that have an early lead in a particular industry (Krugman
1991). Krugman also argues that because agglomeration is fairly common in all industries,
including low-tech manufacturing, one need not even invoke knowledge spillovers to try to
explain clustering—the implicit assumption being that knowledge spillovers are unimportant
except in high technology. But as Edward Glaeser points out, Krugman’s work shows that a
clever theorist can model industry clusters without knowledge spillovers, but it isn’t clear why
one would want to ignore the kinds of face-to-face interactions that are such an interesting and
integral part of cities (Glaeser 1999).
1. Knowledge is Partly Codifiable, and Partly Tacit
The advent of increasingly sophisticated high capacity communications technologies,
particularly the Internet, reinforces the perception that information can be moved costlessly from
place to place. Popular books have proclaimed the “death of distance” and led some to predict
geography, borders, and time zones are all rapidly becoming irrelevant to the way we conduct
our business and personal lives (Cairncross 1997).
But if we look more closely, it’s apparent that even the current revolution in technology will not
completely erase the importance of distance to knowledge spillovers. To understand why, it is
helpful to divide knowledge into two types, codifiable knowledge—that which can be written
down—and tacit knowledge—which is learned from experience and can’t easily be transmitted
from one individual to another. Credit for the distinction between these two types of knowledge
is generally given to Michael Polanyi.”(Polanyi 1967). Codifiable knowledge is blueprints,
mathematical formula, operations manuals, and tables of statistics, organization charts and facts.
Tacit knowledge is how to hit a baseball, ride a bicycle or know how to work with a specific
group of people on a team. At key part of our knowledge is tacit in the sense that we can figure
out whether to safely pass another car on a two-lane road without stopping to solve the system of
simultaneous equations needed to prove a that a collision will not occur (Dosi 1996).
The distinction between tacit and explicit knowledge has drawn increasing attention among those
studying business and the economy. Management experts studying innovation and competitive
strategies of Japanese manufacturing firms noted the role of the development of tacit knowledge
as a key step in designing new products. One of the keys to successful product development has
been encouraging employees to understand and develop their tacit knowledge of particular
problems and their solutions (how to knead bread) and then to work to translate and codify this
information so that it can be used by the entire organization (to design a bread making machine)
(Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995). Acknowledging the economic importance of tacit knowledge
requires little more that admitting that it requires more than a good accent and a copy of
LaRousse Gastronomique to operate a successful French restaurant.
While the distinction between tacit and codifiable knowledge is a useful one for thinking about
knowledge spillovers, it is useful to recognize that knowledge can be transformed from one type
into the other. Economic forces prompt firms to undertake the steps (developing procedures,
training, evaluating) needed to achieve this transformation.
2. Tacit Knowledge is Less Mobile
Recognizing the difference between tacit and codified knowledge helps incorporate geography
into the knowledge economy. If we think only about codifiable knowledge, it is increasingly
difficult to visualize any barriers to the easy diffusion of new ideas throughout the globe. As the
pundits tell us, anything that can be written or digitized can easily be put on the Internet and be
made freely available to the large (and still rapidly growing) fraction of the world’s population
with Internet access.
Tacit knowledge is clearly different. Because it is embedded in the minds of individuals and the
routines of organizations, it doesn’t move easily from place to place. Similarly, a base of tacit
knowledge is frequently a pre-requisite for making use of any particular bit of codified
The distinction between codifiable and tacit knowledge helps explain why technology doesn’t
completely erase the importance of proximity in transmitting ideas. Simply having access to
codifiable information doesn’t mean you have knowledge. A formula specifying the solution to
Fermat’s last theorem—a centuries-old mathematical puzzle—would be information, but it
wouldn’t be knowledge unless you were one of the few hundred mathematicians who possessed
the tacit knowledge to understand it (Dosi 1996).
Although they haven’t always specifically acknowledged the distinction between tacit and
codifiable knowledge, many economists have incorporated this insight into their analysis of
economic geography. Edwin S. Mills noted that some types of incomplete or ambiguous
information cannot effectively be communicated in writing or through more formal types of
communication, but can be addressed much more easily in face-to-face settings (Mills 1987).
Robert Lucas looked at the economic rationale for cities and concluded that, "If we postulate
only the usual list of economic forces, cities should fly apart. The theory of production contains
nothing to hold a city together. A city is simply a collection of factors of production: capital,
people and land - and land is always far cheaper outside cities than inside. Why don't capital and
people move outside, combining themselves with cheaper land and increasing profits?" (Lucas
1988, p. 38) The answer is that knowledge spillovers from the human capital in cities provide
higher productivity that holds cities together.
Empirical data support the notion that knowledge creation tends to be quite localized. Studies of
the patterns of patent activity in Europe, for example, find that innovative activity, measured by
new patents issued, is considerable more concentrated that economic activity (Caniels 1997).
Audretsch and Feldman, who examined data on new product innovations in the U.S., found that
they were most highly concentrated in a few regions in those industries in which new knowledge
plays an important role (Audretsch 1998).
The empirical analysis of knowledge flows within and across nations strongly confirms the
insights of this theory. Unlike capital expenditures and employment patterns, knowledge flows
leave few measurable traces for analysts. One of the few indicators of knowledge spillovers is
patent citations. One leading study found that cited predecessor patents were about five to ten
times more likely to come from the same metropolitan area than were similar patents from a
control group (Jaffe, et al. 1993). A cross-national study of the diffusion of innovations found
Tài liệu Module 7: Building and Consuming a Web Service That Uses ADO.NET ppt
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The Spy Who Dumped Me Poster
This new international banner poster of The Spy Who Dumped Me, the upcoming action comedy movie starring Mila Kunis and Kate McKinnon, comes from the UK:
Kiss my assassin.
“Audrey (Mila Kunis) and Morgan (Kate McKinnon), two thirty-year-old best friends in Los Angeles, are thrust unexpectedly into an international conspiracy when Audrey’s ex-boyfriend shows up at their apartment with a team of deadly assassins on his trail. Surprising even themselves, the duo jump into action, on the run throughout Europe from assassins and a suspicious-but-charming British agent, as they hatch a plan to save the world.”
They definitely bring a sparkling touch to the world of espionage!
Here’s the movie trailer of The Spy Who Dumped Me if you haven’t seen it yet:
The film is directed by Susanna Fogel.
US release date: August 3, 2018.
5 June 2018 tags: The Spy Who Dumped Me
The Spy Who Dumped Me Movie - Check out the official plot synopsis of The Spy Who Dumped Me,...
The Spy Who Dumped Me - The Spy Who Dumped Me Genre: Action/Comedy Directed by: Susanna...
The Spy Who Dumped Me Movie trailer - We’ve got our hands on the first official trailer of The...
The Spy Who Dumped Me Movie Poster - Three posters for The Spy Who Dumped Me, the upcoming action...
The Spy Who Dumped Me Trailer - Check out this new trailer of The Spy Who Dumped Me, the upcoming...
The Spy Who Dumped Me movie starring Mila Kunis and Kate McKinnon - Take a look to this new glitzy poster of The Spy Who Dumped Me,...
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Visit to Plant
NIKKEI XTECH
7.55MW Floating Solar Plant Damaged by Typhoon
French firm's mounting system turned over by winds, waves
Kenji Kaneko, Nikkei BP CleanTech Institute
The west "rim" was turned over by strong winds and high waves. (source: Nikkei BP)
Most of the two rows on the west side was turned over. (source: Nikkei BP)
The two rows were placed on the adjacent two rows of solar panels. (source: Nikkei BP)
The rim with solar panels sticking out from the floats was turned over. (source: Nikkei BP)
One of the largest-scale floating solar power plants in Japan was damaged by strong winds and high waves that seemed to be caused by Typhoon No 9 Aug 22, 2016.
The mega (large-scale) solar power plant, "Kawajima Taiyo-to-Shizen-no-Megumi Solar Park," has an output of about 7.55MW and is located in Kawajima-machi (town), Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
Among mounting systems floating on the water surface and solar panels mounted on them, 152 panels (41.8kW in total) were damaged by surrounding floating mounting systems that were lifted up, etc.
The mega solar plant started operations Oct 26, 2015, by using the water surface of the "Umenoki Furugori Water Reservoir," an agricultural reservoir being maintained by a land improvement district of Kawajima-machi. The surface area of the reservoir is about 130,000m2, and 27,456 solar panels were fixed on the floating mounting systems.
The solar panel is a monocrystalline silicon type (275W) manufactured by Yingli Green Energy Holding Co Ltd, and the floating mounting system is a product of France-based Ciel&Terre International.
According to data of Japan Meteorological Agency, a maximum instantaneous wind speed higher than 20m was recorded in the southern area of Saitama Prefecture, where Kawajima-machi is located, from 15:00 to 16:00 on August 22 due to Typhoon No 9. Because strong winds came from the northwest, west-northwest and west, the west side of the floating solar power plant was probably lifted up by strong winds and high waves, flipping over the mounting systems.
Two rows of the west "rim" were turned over and placed on the adjacent two rows of solar panels, damaging a wide area.
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Tech2.Org Largest Nonprofit Digital Media. We work to Give a Voice to the powerless, to help Public & to Illuminate their lives.
Home / Sports / Kevin Durant & # 39; Balked & # 39; in being changed by D & # 39; Angelo Russell
Kevin Durant & # 39; Balked & # 39; in being changed by D & # 39; Angelo Russell
Reportedly, Kevin Durant did not think it was "fair" for Golden State to change it directly for D & # 39; Angelo Russell this summer.
KD and the Brooklyn Nets ended up pushing the Warriors in search of a first-round pick to make box office and trade success work.
The Dubs were also forced to give up an additional (slightly protected) future selection in an exchange with the Memphis Grizzlies by Andre Iguodala.
By ESPN:
The Brooklyn Nets had enough space to sign Kevin Durant, and there was no specific advantage for Durant to participate in a signing and exchange agreement to help the Warriors. It was also not a big advantage for free agent Nets D & # 39; Angelo Russell, who had other teams, including the Lakers and the Minnesota Timberwolves, competing for him, knowing that the Nets would have to make him a free agent without restrictions to complete Durant's signature. .
Durant initially was reluctant to be changed by Russell directly, multiple sources said. He did not think it was a fair deal, and in this case, the Warriors not only had to satisfy the Nets, but also Durant.
The leverage was applied by the player, and Golden State had to include a first-round selection before Durant agreed to sign.
In addition, the Warriors had to face two players, Shabazz Napier and Treveon Graham for the trade to work. He helped the Nets clear extra space to sign DeAndre Jordan, who is a friend of Durant and his new teammate Kyrie Irving. Golden State had to turn around and pay Minnesota $ 3.6 million to get Napier and Graham out of their books.
Related networks: "Too soon" to determine when Kevin Durant will play
The WNBA Players Association is contesting Riquna Williams' domestic violence suspension
Concern of family No. 1 as it is removed
Lonzo Ball seems happy not to be a Los Angeles Laker anymore
Hsieh and Strycova capture the doubles title, then hit the ball
Anthony Davis – Rob Pelinka called every 30 to 45 minutes & # 39; during free agency
Football news – Antoine Griezmann believes that Atlético's response to Barcelona's move is "a pity" – Transfers 2018-2019 – Football
A brief history of astronaut ice cream in the failed space refresh, created for the Apollo missions
JP Morgan’s Jamie Dimon: Facebook’s Crypto Isn’t a Short-Term Concern
Chestnut gymnast Sam Cerio reflects on a horrible viral injury
Speedrunners can not make levels of & # 39; Mario Maker & # 39; but Wendy & # 39; s Can?
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News Press Startups Ventures
MTN and Jumia Launch Pan-African Enterprise Challenge
Oluwapelumi 0
MTN, in partnership with the MTN Solution Space and Jumia, are proud to announce the launch of the MTN Entrepreneurship Challenge powered by Jumia.
The Pan-African competition launching today, will be the first of its kind in Africa, bringing together over 1000 entrepreneurs, students and investors, to collaborate on ways to amplify and consolidate the continent’s entrepreneurs. Targeting more than 60 universities in 13 countries across Africa, the competition will challenge students to develop a unique digital application or smart solution that will solve a tangible problem faced on the continent.
“We are incredibly excited to partner with Jumia to launch the entrepreneurship challenge. Africa is a continent of promise, and our aim with the MTN Solution Space has always been to help fulfil this promise by developing uniquely African solutions. We believe that the entrepreneurship challenge is a key element of this. The response and willingness from universities across Africa to collaborate on this initiative has been truly remarkable and certainly exemplifies the impact of collective efforts to foster entrepreneurship among our next generation of business leaders,” says Sarah-Anne Arnold, Manager of the MTN Solution Space.
MTN’s Group Chief Digital Officer, Herman Singh, says the company is proud to both sponsor and endorse the initiative.
“The Entrepreneurship Challenge is strongly aligned to MTN’s own entrepreneurial culture and history as well as our values as a business. We believe in the inspiration of new business leaders in Africa and their enablement to success will be key drivers for the future rapid evolution of a broader start-up culture on the continent. This is an environment already teeming with excellent potential and we hope to assist in accelerating its further growth and to raise MTN’s role in creating new businesses in Africa,” says Singh.
Applications for the first round of the multi-phased competition are open from today and will close on 27 March 2016. Aspiring entrepreneurs from participating universities can enter in teams by logging onto www.gsb.uct.ac.za/MTNECbyJumia . All applications will be judged by campus captains, who consist of successful entrepreneurs in their respective market. Shortlisted teams will then move on to a live pitching phase at their selected universities between 1-8 April 2016, after which the final five projects will be selected to move through to the Semi-Final.
The finalists will be announced on 16 April 2016, and as part of this achievement, the successful teams will get the opportunity to attend the Entrepreneurship festival, hosted at the University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business in South Africa on May 27 2016. The festival, aims to facilitate the collaboration of over a thousand attendees with prominent and innovative speakers and workshop experts from across the world. Finalists will have to pitch their business to a room of successful entrepreneurs, business leaders, judges, investors and international media, after which the winner of the challenge will be announced.
The winner of the MTN Entrepreneurship Challenge powered by Jumia will win a cash prize of US $25 000 towards their start-up, and will also benefit from a yearlong partnership with Jumia, where they will have the opportunity to work from any of JUMIA’s offices across Africa. This will enable the winner to learn from, and be mentored by experienced and successful entrepreneurs in the JUMIA network. The winner will also have access to a Facebook Start Program to the value of US $15 000, which includes tools and services needed to build mobile applications. In addition, they will have the opportunity to work from the MTN Solution Space at the University of Cape Town’s Graduate School of Business. The two runners-up will each receive US $5 000 towards their projects.
“Jumia is proud to unveil a new dimension of MTN partnership both aiming at promoting youth unemployment and fostering entrepreneurship. We take pride in building and harnessing potentials not only to create successful business leaders but also to ultimately improve the whole ecosystem through direct job creations. MTN EC by Jumia will propel young talents to feats across Africa by creating a seamless platform for teeming Africa youths to kick-start their projects; which is one of several key initiatives to give back to the community.” Commented Fatoumata Ba, Managing Director, Jumia Nigeria.
“This competition will contribute to building a stronger and more sustainable business environment across Africa. Its main goal is to boost and fuel African entrepreneurship by enabling young and smart entrepreneurs to kick off with their own projects. The key for us is to give full and adapted support to young talents, from funding to mentorship from experienced entrepreneurs,” says Bankole Cardoso, Head of Communications from Jumia.
For more information about the MTN Entrepreneurship Challenge powered by Jumia, visit the MTN Solution Space at www.gsb.uct.ac.za and Jumia at www.Jumia.com or visit their social media pages on Facebook: facebook.com/uctgsbsolutions. More information will also be available on Twitter at @uctgsbsolutions and @Africa_IG, where regular updates, articles and interviews will be shared.
#Enterprise Challenge#jumia#MTN
Coder. Digital Media Maven. Editor. I tweet from @TheOluwapelumi.
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Hyperlocal Content In Nigeria: A Case Of
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Google's Gundotra Goes After Apple: The Video
Erick Schonfeld @erickschonfeld / 9 years
At Thursday’s Google I/O keynote, VP of engineering Vic Gundotra repeatedly ripped into Apple, and he did it right off the bat. The video above, which just came out, shows the first ten minutes of his keynote where he discusses why the world needs Android. But that is not the interesting part.
The interesting part is where he goes after Apple in a not too subtle way. He extols the virtues of an open platform and contrasts it with a “Draconian future, a future where one man, one company, one device, one carrier would be our only choice.” Then he shows a poster of 1984, with the title, “Not The Future We Want.” The reference is to Apple and the iPhone. Gundotra uses Apple’s own iconic 1984 imagery against it to great effect right at about 3 minutes into the video clip.
I can’t wait for Gundotra to appear next week at TechCrunch Disrupt, where we can ask him why he thinks Android will prevail, not only phones but also now in TVs.
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Toxo-Vipers
7d * Agility
3d * Intellect
3d * Willpower
4d *
Hand Size:
Edge: 2 (10)
* Toxo-Vipers generally learn Boxing for personal defense, giving them ability codes of d for their Strength and Agility. If they instead train in Martial Arts, they possess ability codes of x and c for Strength and Agility, respectively.
An exceptional Toxo-Viper may master both skills, granting them ability codes of d and c for their Strength and Agility, but the vast majority of Cobras who wind up serving in this position are not above the bell curve - usually the opposite, in fact.
It is important to note that a Toxo-Viper is assumed to come from the ranks of conventional Cobra troopers - hence the skills and ability codes listed here. If a more highly skilled Cobra becomes a Toxo-Viper, adjust their ability codes accordingly.
Those Cobra operatives who serve as Toxo-Vipers, whether they chose to do so or not, are normal human beings - at least, in a strictly physical sense. They lack special powers of any variety, merely going about the business of doing evil with naught but their high tech equipment.
Powers:
Hindrances / Augmentations:
Hazmat Suit (s): the personal protective equipment of Toxo-Vipers is built to withstand most corrosives, doing so with intenstiy 16, or +4, ability. It is also somewhat airtight, at least where helmet's respirator is concerned, providing intensity 12, or +3, resistance to inhaled poisons.
The suit is bolstered with a chest-mounted air conditioner (since the suit is hot), as well as sensors to warn Toxo-Vipers of chemical hazards (intensity 8 Atomic Sense). Furthermore, the helmet is shatter resistant, providing intensity 8, or +2, protection from head injury.
The problem is that, to maintain flexibility and reduce weight, the Toxo-Vipers' hazmat suits are not completely airtight. Thus, the longer they are exposed to dangerous chemicals, the greater the danger of exposure Toxo-Vipers face - which encourages them to work quickly!
Sidearm (a): should they face foes protected from their chemical weapons, Toxo-Vipers also carry a conventional sidearm. They may discharge a single round from this weapon to inflict their Agility +4 in damage, or a three-round burst to inflict their Agility +5 in damage.
Toxin Tanks (s): Toxo-Vipers carry a backpack filled with noxious chemicals, which they readily spray into their environs to spoil a battlefield, whether in advance of or during a fight. This poison is of intensity 12, inflicting like SD metabolic damage to those who inhale it.
Additional Skill(s): their standard skills assume that most Toxo-Vipers were assigned to this position after their time as a standard Cobra trooper. However, those who had achieved higher ranks within Cobra naturally retain whatever skills they brought with them.
Boxing (s): Toxo-Vipers are well-versed in the art of self-defense. For some, this takes the form of the boxing skill, which lets them divide their pre-card play action score between two unarmed melee assaults, the second of which will occur as a contingent action.
Chemistry (i): whether chemical warfare enthusiasts or too unruly to serve Cobra any other way, its Toxo-Vipers are all educated extensively in chemistry. They may attempt Intellect card play related to chemical knowledge at one difficulty level lower than is normally necessary.
Guns (a): all Cobra operatives have the ability to wield firearms in combat, and Toxo-Vipers are no exception to this rule. They may discharge rounds from any standard, semi-automatic, or fully automatic rifle or pistol at one difficulty level lower than is usually required.
Martial Arts (a): Toxo-Vipers are well-versed in the art of self-defense. For some, this takes the form of the martial arts skill, granting them a reduction in the difficulty of actions intended to dodge attacks, catch thrown weaponry, or to strike in unarmed melee.
Military (w): Cobra has a Byzantine, difficult to follow command structure, and it's quite possible that some of its Toxo-Vipers 'earned' this rank due to an inability to comprehend it. Those Toxo-Vipers desiring to move on will master this skill, however.
Members of the clandestine terrorist organization known as Cobra, Toxo-Vipers can in principle consider the group a reliable contact. However, since this role is often considered a disciplinary one, most Toxo-Vipers are ultimately considered expendable by their erstwhile allies.
Calling:
Various Callings: most Toxo-Vipers initially joined Cobra for their own, evil purposes, so choose a villainous calling and run with it! World Domination, Vengeance, and Greed are popular motivations, though anything else can fit a given Toxo-Viper depending on their background.
The Toxo-Vipers' uniform is a hazmat suit! Primarily purple in hue, this personal protective equipment is accessorized with black boots, red gloves, a dark teal chest panel containing various devices, and a large brown environmental helmet with red, yellow, and dark teal accents.
The role of Toxo-Viper is one of the most undesirable within Cobra's ranks. The group can find few volunteers willing to engage in chemical warfare for the organization, due both its horrifying effects in general and the dangers inherent to working in the Leaky Suit Brigade.
Sure, a few operatives are fine with, if not eager to perform the job. However, most Cobras who wind up serving as a Toxo-Viper do so after committing a major transgression against the group, and are just useful enough that the organization doesn't want to dispose of them.
Thus, many Toxo-Vipers strive to shine in the role, to either resume their former position or to move on to a less dangerous position, such as a Hazard-Viper. Those Cobras get much more reliable protective equipment, after all, avoiding the threat of zombification.
And, strangely enough, the danger of that happening to a Toxo-Viper isn't marginal. There are more than a few chemically-induced Toxo-Zombies and Zombie-Vipers packed away somewhere by Cobra, ready to be unleashed upon an unsuspecting public - especially GI Joe!
Corrosive Cannon (s): while not the Sludge wielded by Cesspool's Sludge-Vipers, the acid fired by the Toxo-Vipers' corrosive cannons is no joke. It can be propelled by this weapon anywhere within near missile distance, and inflicts intensity 12 SD metabolic damage.
The second Toxo-Viper uniform is their most iconic. Also purple in hue, their hazmat suit is accessorized with a sea green, device-laden chest piece, sea green boots, a sea green codpiece, neon pink gloves, and a sea green helmet with a mirrored, neon pink face shield.
Compound Z Cannon (s): the brainchild of Cobra's leading toxicologists, Compound Z can reduce almost anyone into a mindless, fearless killing machine. It works against the metabolism of the living with intensity 12 ability, and can be fired anywhere within near missile distance.
Submachine Gun (a): if their chemicals fail them, Toxo-Vipers can use this weapon to inflict their Agility +4 in damage when discharging a single round, their Agility +5 in damage when discharging a three-round burst, or their Agility +6 in damage when firing continously.
The third Toxo-Viper uniform is a variant on the second. Their Cobra blue hazmat suit is bolstered with a sea green, device-laden chest piece, black and sea green boots, a sea green, pouch-laden boot, red gloves, and a sea green helmet with a mirrored, red face shield.
Toxo-Vipers Saga System 13 Text File Download
Cobra directories featuring a version of Toxo-Vipers:
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5 valid Offers to Zanzibar
Air France Sale: Flights from France to e.g., Fort-de-France for €335
Zanzibar: €389 for flights with Qatar Airways from Venice
Qatar Airways Privilege Club: 30-50% discount on award flights
Business Class, Economy Class, Miles&Points
Tanzania: €348 from Paris (incl. luggage)
Mombasa & Zanzibar: Nonstop Business Class from Milan with Air Italy, starting at €1,388
4,454 mi
7. Dec
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ZNZ
3.74 CPM
skyscanner.net
6. Mar
flug.idealo.de
8. Jan
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Home › Dealz › Africa › Tanzania › Zanzibar
The Zanzibar archipelago with its main island Unguja lies in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa and belongs to Tanzania. Zanzibar is especially known for its beautiful beaches and as an inexpensive alternative to the Maldives. The Unesco World Heritage Site Stone Town with its buildings made of light coral limestone and mangrove wood in the 19th century is also worth a visit.
Zanzibar is relatively close to the equator and therefore the climate is tropical. Due to the southwest and northeast monsoon there are two rainy seasons per year between the end of March and the end of May and in November and December. Temperatures average 27°C with maximums just above 30°C and nightly temperatures not below 20°C. During the two rainy seasons the humidity can be very unpleasant. Therefore the ideal travel time is between the beginning of June and the end of September as well as in January and February. In general, however, you can visit Zanzibar all year round.
Immigration & Visa Requirements
With most EU passports (must be valid for at least 6 months on departure) a visa is required for Tanzania. You can apply for the visa either in advance at an embassy or as a Visa on Arrival for a fee of $50 when entering the country at the Zanzibar International Airport. The fee can only be paid by credit card.
Departure Charge
In addition, depending on the airline, an exit fee or tax may be payable on departure from Zanzibar International Airport. For some airlines the departure tax is already included in the airfare.
Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam: €354 from Paris with SkyTeam (luggage included)
Oman Air Business Class: Multiple destinations from Athens, e.g. Bangkok at €1,333
Zanzibar: €320 for round-trips from Brussels with TUIfly (€366 including checked luggage)
Tanzania: €327 from Spain with SkyTeam, incl. luggage
Zanzibar: Major European cities starting at 349€ with Turkish Airlines (incl. luggage)
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We’re All in the Crosshairs
Randall Amster,
New Clear Vision
Once again, events conspire to remind us how fragile is our existence and how vulnerable we really are. A young man whose goal in life might have been “helping others” winds up hunting them instead, ruthlessly mowing them down in a bizarre public spectacle in which it is not life but rather death that mirrors art. Chillingly, a neighbor describes the gunman as a “typical American kid” who “kept to himself [and] didn’t seem to have many friends.” In the postmortem analysis, fingers will be pointed and political positions staked, but the essential issues will again likely go unaddressed as we forge ahead to the next reel in the film, without noticing that the entire narrative itself is deadening by its very nature.
There are no “good guys” or “bad guys” in this veritable societal shooting gallery that places all of us in the crosshairs. Some people simply break, while some seek to break others, but both are responses to a society that places alienation, dependency, and casual brutality at its cultural core. We might blame a specific organ when it contracts cancer or treat the disease like an individual pathology, all the while neglecting to address the obvious socio-environmental roots of the condition. To do the latter would require us to ask hard questions about the society we have created, the one we participate in and benefit from — yet if we do not, the issue will likely soon become moot as the patient expires.
We simply cannot continue to sow the seeds of a “culture of violence” any longer. The almost daily explosion of some disaffected soul, leading to the decimation of others in public and private spaces alike, is too demonstrable to be dismissed as the result of a few “bad apples” or faulty parts somehow working in isolation from the whole. The mass-shooting phenomenon that happens routinely in the United States is part and parcel of a society that legitimizes force, individualizes burdens, medicalizes despondency, and demonizes dissent. In such a system, many feel utterly trapped in their isolation and powerless to change it — and some will accordingly act out their desperation in horrifying ways.
To how many violent images is a typical American child exposed? How many marketing campaigns exploit feelings of diminished self-worth and alienation? How many valorizations of the heroic use of force are put before our eyes on a daily basis? How many trespasses and forms of disempowerment do we suffer in our lives, from the exploitation of our labor to the mind-numbing attributes of mass media? How many toxins and other alterants infuse our food supply and infest the larger environment? In how many ways are we made to accept dehumanization in our economic arrangements, as we inhabit a world in which everything is for sale and anything (including absolution) can be bought for a price?
The connections are obvious, so much so that we oftentimes cannot see them. This is an anti-life society at nearly every turn, and any rhetorical claims to being politically “pro-life” are utterly nonsensical. What is worse is that the U.S. is rapidly exporting this macabre model (by finance, fiat, or force), creating a globalized monoculture where commodities supplant communities and people are relegated behind profits. Meanwhile, a relatively small cadre of global elites greedily sucks out the life of this world, co-opting its powers for themselves while giving the rest of us either abject poverty or an illusion of prosperity that masks the reality of its inherent cruelty.
Still, despite the proliferation of corporate fortresses and military bases, the edifice of skewed power and privilege is as fragile as we all are, perhaps even more so in some ways. To wit, if it was not fragile it wouldn’t require so much brute force to sustain it; indeed, the weaker something is, the more force it necessitates. Counter to the dominant security narrative, a more apt solution would be to embrace our innate fragility, to recognize and validate our vulnerability, and to stop collaborating with the pretense that we modern humans are some immutable force of nature whose cleverness will ultimately ensure our survival and sustainability.
Nothing is guaranteed — not military might, not reified power, not homeland security. Not even a midnight movie in the suburbs. And perhaps in this realization we can begin a new era of authentic engagement that takes nothing and no one for granted, one that prioritizes systemic health and individual potential equally, and that moves us from the lethal rigidity of a society built for the powerful toward one designed for the abundant fragility of actual human beings.
If blood will flow when flesh and steel are one
Drying in the color of the evening sun
Tomorrow’s rain will wash the stains away
But something in our minds will always stay
Perhaps this final act was meant
To clinch a lifetime’s argument
That nothing comes from violence and nothing ever could
For all those born beneath an angry star
Lest we forget how fragile we are
– Sting, “Fragile” (1987)
Randall Amster
Randall Amster, J.D., Ph.D., teaches Peace Studies and chairs the Master’s program in Humanities at Prescott College. He is the Executive Director of the Peace & Justice Studies Association, and serves as Contributing Editor for New Clear Vision. Among his recent books are Lost in Space: The Criminalization, Globalization, and Urban Ecology of Homelessness (LFB Scholarly, 2008), and the co-edited volume Building Cultures of Peace: Transdisciplinary Voices of Hope and Action (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009).
Colorado’s Medical Pot Business Is For-Profit, Regulated – and Thriving
A medicinal marijuana office in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. (Photo: SLV Native) Denver – After 15 years as a white-collar “corporate nomad,” Dan Rogers found his new…
Peter Hecht
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You think its good or bad that japanese impose careers and jobs before personal relationships?
bow and regards
shintarō
Update: thanks for the insult Father Martin
Best Answer: I think their suicide and birth rate answer that question. At the current rate of death and births in Japan, they will be extinct as a people in a relatively short period of time. This is usually the case with most secular nations.
Archie Bunker For President ! · 1 month ago
thats up to thern but i think its a bad idea
I think you are learning too much about Japan through tv and movies. That's a stereotype. Most Japanese put their families first. There are very good educational and career opportunities in Japan, so I can see how you might think that. It's like living in silicon valley, surrounded by great jobs. The people there have great opportunities and great paying jobs available. Some of those jobs can be very demanding on your time, but most people find a way to balance their lives, like anyone else.
What you see on TV and movies about Japan is usually filtered through stereotypes. Even anime which is broadcast in the Western world is filtered. The anime programs we see in the West are what tv producers think will appeal to us.
Tiana · 1 month ago
TIRH, baka.
Father Martin · 1 month ago
Should my parents still support my drug addicted and alcoholic brother?
I’m 16 and have a 1 year old daughter. My parents try to tell me how to parent her. How can I establish boundaries?
What could be making my mom not want me and my siblings to be friends with people who are different from us?
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COPYCATS! The Fugitive (1993) vs. Fugitive X (1996)
by Ultimate Action Movies · November 4, 2018
The Fugitive (1993) Takes On It’s Ultimate Copycat Fugitive X (1996).
It’s a thriller chase showdown between Harrison Ford’s The Fugitive (1993) and David Heavener’s ultimate copycat knock-off Fugitive X (1996) in another exciting edition of our new UAMC series COPYCATS! (Check out our last episode on Robocop vs Robo Vampire here!) Let’s dive in and find the real ultimate culprit…
Copycats is a bimonthly column about popular action movies and the low-budget films they inspire. Each column, we take a popular action movie and find its cinematic doppelganger, revel in their similarities and dissect their differences. Some of these copycats are good enough (or strange enough) to earn their place in action movie history, but most are being chronicled here to preserve their existence – for better or for worse.
The Fugitive vs. Fugitive X
Original Film: The Fugitive, 1993, starring Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones, directed by Andrew Davis
Copycat: Fugitive X: Innocent Target, 1996, starring David Heavener and Richard Norton, directed by David Heavener
Synopsis of both films: A seemingly normal man finds himself on the wrong side of a massive manhunt
Copycat Comparison
Based on the 1960’s television show, Dr. Richard Kimble (Ford), is wrongfully accused and convicted of killing his wife. After escaping from a prison transfer bus, Kimble is on the run trying to clear his name and avoid capture by a team of U.S. Marshals lead by Deputy Samuel Gerard (Jones). This film was hugely successful at the box office, earning $183 million in its domestic run and nearly $369 million total worldwide. It spawned a 1998 sequel starring Jones and Wesley Snipes and a spoof, Wrongfully Accused, starring Leslie Nielsen – which was not very good.
Fugitive X: Innocent Target was one of the six movies low-budget legend David Heavener helped bring to life in 1996 – writing, directing, producing and starring in this one which features a former cop, Adam Trent (Heavener) being mysteriously hunted down on the streets of Los Angeles. And while it shares more similarities with 1993’s Hard Target (a reinterpretation of the classic Richard Connell short story “The Most Dangerous Game”) it shares its name and several minor thematic elements with The Fugitive.
Both leads had close family members die (Kimble’s wife, obviously, and Trent’s daughter) and both are being hunted. However, in Fugitive X, there isn’t a clear reason why. Trent goes to work on day at the computer firm (wearing a tuxedo because it’s his birthday?) and is tagged by a stripper jumping out of a cake. Remember kids, this was a different time when cake strippers at work were totally acceptable. Now he’s on the run.
Well, this one is kind of tough. You see, The Fugitive was a great movie in 1993, but it would be hard to convince audiences today that Kimble would be found guilty of his wife’s murder. With improvements in 911 technology, surveillance equipment, DNA evidence, cellphone technology, etc. Kimble couldn’t have been realistically charged with this crime today – let alone convicted. No crime, no movie. Fugitive X on the other hand doesn’t require viewers to believe as much. It’s just a guy, with a gun, being chased by other guys with guns.
And, in a way, while it borrows from The Fugitive, it also borrows heavily from the 1990s action genre. Heavener has a slicked back ponytail (just like Steven Seagal), there’s a girl in a cake (again, just like Seagal in Under Siege), Fugitive X gets trapped and tortured by a bunch of nutjobs (including action legend Robert Z’Dar) in the backroom of a store (like Pulp Fiction), there’s a fight on a rooftop (like every movie set in a city), and … you see where I’m going with this. Fugitive X plays like a greatest hits record – for action movies! So, while The Fugitive will always be a better-made movie, time has made Fugitive X a more watchable one.
Other notes: Good luck finding a version of Fugitive X to watch. It was never released on DVD, and it’s hard to find a good copy on VHS. I found one version of it (Russian dubbed) on YouTube. But do your best to track it down. It is worth it!
Article by Eric LaRose – a Wisconsin-based connoisseur of action, horror and sci-fi movies from the ‘80s and ‘90s. A former journalist and podcaster, Eric wrote the ending to the Toxic Avenger Part 4, but the only person who will back up that claim is his wife.
What’s your thoughts on the Fugitive (1993) vs. Fugitive X (1996) copycat showdown? Let us know in the comments or on our Facebook page!
Tags: Andrew DavisCOPYCATS!David HeavenerFugitive XHarrison FordRichard NortonRobert Z’DarThe FugitiveTommy Lee Jones
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COPYCATS! Die Hard (1988) vs. Hard to Die (1990) | Ultimate Action Movie Club
[…] to Die (1990) in this edition of COPYCATS! Check out past episodes on Lethal Weapon vs LA Vice, The Fugitive vs. Fugitive X and RoboCop vs. […]
3 Reasons ‘U.S. Marshals’ is Better Than ‘The Fugitive’ | Ultimate Action Movie Club
[…] COPYCATS! The Fugitive (1993) vs. Fugitive X (1996) […]
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Home > Blogs & messages > Scabs need to be shamed
Scabs need to be shamed
Anti-scab legislation is needed.
A 56-second video caused a national uproar this week over whether my union, Unifor, crossed the line when seven scabs who are prolonging a 21-month lockout of 30 aerospace workers in Gander were named and shamed.
The video sparked an immediate backlash. Demands we take the video down. Demands we apologize. Not a chance.
The fact that misguided sympathy for these scabs turned this long-ignored lockout into a national news story is a good thing.
Because it sparked a debate about scabs, and several news outlets paid attention to the fact that an American employer has been allowed to break provincial labour laws twice and put Canadian workers on the street for 91 weeks because the employer wants to bust the union.
The workers at D-J Composites are staring down their third Christmas on the picket line – a deplorable situation made possible by the company using scabs to do the work of those it chose to lock out of the workplace just days before Christmas in 2016, back when Obama was still president.
Scabs are a force of destruction that encourage a race to the bottom for worker rights and compensation. They completely skew the balance of power that is the basis of Canada’s labour relations system.
In my experience – and I’ve been negotiating collective agreements for more than 30 years – strikes and lockouts only tend to drag on when employers bring in scabs to steal the jobs of the union members forced onto a picket line.
It is also why naming and shaming scabs is perfectly legal.
“Those crossing the picketline would reasonably expect that their image could be caught and disseminated by others,” ruled the Supreme Court of Canada in 2013.
The decision to cross a picket line to steal someone else’s job comes with consequences.
Public shaming.
The days of simply letting scabs help employers prolong strikes or locked out must come to an end.
Organized labour, Unifor included, has worked for years to convince governments to ban the use of scabs. Only British Columbia and Quebec have anti-scab legislation. This is a disgrace.
If governments refuse to act, the labour movement must.
We cannot allow another scab to enter a workplace in the midst of a strike or lockout.
We must make sure any worker who cross a picket line to steal another workers’ job is made fully aware of the damage they are doing to their neighbours and fellow workers.
And, when it comes to it, we must continue to name and shame the scabs publicly.
This is something Unifor has done in Goderich and Gander, Newfoundland and we will do this in the future.
Especially in a case such as D-J Composites, where outdated provincial labour laws have failed to protect workers. It is truly outrageous that the provincial government sits idly by as an American company blatantly violates the rights of the province’s own citizens and ignores the laws and labour board rulings of that province – having been found guilty twice of bargaining in bad faith.
When a company refuses to bargain fairly and the government refuses to act and enforce its own laws, labour must act.
We have developed a system of precarious employment in Canada that makes workers desperate for work – any work. No doubt that makes working as a scab tempting to some. However much some might sympathize with that, however, stealing the job of another worker only makes things worse for all workers – including the scab.
The solution to all this is to ban scabs and restore balance at the bargaining table. In the meantime, a good place to start would be for the government of Newfoundland and Labrador to simply enforce the laws it already has on the books, and compel D-J Composites to go to binding arbitration.
Our governments must serve the needs of their people, not foreign corporations.
If they won’t, we will.
@unifortheunion
It's not a question of whether @airtransat will be taken over but a question of who will buy it. In this situatio… https://t.co/1y7RYU35If
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Amazon brings Prime Instant Video subscribers classic sports documentaries with ESPN 30 for 30 deal
by Paul Sawers — in Media
Amazon has announced a licensing agreement which will see titles from ESPN’s 30 for 30 documentary series added to Prime Instant Video.
Amazon Instant Video is a digital video streaming and download service that lets users rent, buy or subscribe to a growing range of video content. Launched in April last year, Prime Instant Video is its video subscription service which, at the time of writing, makes more than 22,000 movies and TV shows available to stream. It’s free to those who subscribe to its 2-day shipping service Amazon Prime, charged at an annual rate.
ESPN 30 for 30 first broadcast in 2009, and it chronicles thirty stories from throughout the ESPN era, covering people, teams, events and other interesting stories since ESPN was founded in the late seventies.
“We’re continuing to grow our Prime Instant Video library to provide our Amazon Prime Members with all the content they want – from feature films, to hit TV episodes to documentaries, and everything in between,” says Brad Beale, director of digital video content acquisition for Amazon. “With the addition of ESPN’s 30 for 30 series, film lovers and sports fans will have instant access to enjoy compelling sports stories from talented and thoughtful film makers including, ‘The U,’ ‘Pony Excess’ and ‘Winning Time.'”
Prime Instant Video is available for Kindle Fire, Roku, iPad, Xbox 360 and other connected devices, with the PlayStation 3 finally getting it back in April.
Amazon is really beginning to ramp up its media offering, having inked a deal to bring Paramount movies to Prime Instant back in May, followed by MGM the following month.
The service is available to US customers only, and to get involved, click here.
Read next: Care.com welcomes a new family member with acquisition of payroll and tax specialists Breedlove & Associates
AmazonAmazon Prime
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TheSkyKid.Com
Home Reviews European Cinema The Color of Milk (2004)
European Cinema
The Color of Milk (2004)
Ikke naken
It’s not often that I get to enjoy a well-made Coming-of-Age story whose main protagonist is female. While such films do exist, discovering them is a real challenge. I often point out that associating with the feelings and experiences of female characters is not as easy for me as recalling them from my own boyhood days. Yet I seem to forget that girls are in continuous interaction with the world around them – teachers, relatives…and, yes, boys.
Boys…they are peculiar creatures. Yet not paying attention to them is a challenge all its own, as the 12-year-old Selma (Julia Krohn) and her friends Ingun (Marie Kinge) and Elin (Maria Elisabeth A. Hansen) discover. The three young Norwegian girls deal with peer pressure and expectations of “normality” in the 2004 film The Color of Milk(The Color of Milk (aka Neither Naked nor Dressed, Selma and Andy, original title Ikke naken), written and directed by Torun Lian (who has a serious reputation in Norway as an author of youth oriented stories).
Selma (Julia Krohn)
The Color of Milk is a typical character based Coming-of-Age drama with romance nuances. In it, we experience the world through the eyes and mind of its young protagonist – in this case a highly intelligent 12-year-old girl – who refuses to obey forced gender roles and expectations and struggles to make her own path in life. She does this, whenever possible, while avoiding boys and their “disgusting” manners and behavior towards young girls like her.
Unfortunately, Selma’s best friends give in to expectations, temptation, curiosity, or some weird mixture of all of those. This leaves her alone in her quest to make intelligent choices, instead of relying on instincts that the human race has inherited from reptiles (that’s Selma’s theory, not mine).
To complicate things further, Selma notices some weird feelings of her own, feelings that fail to fit her scientifically proven life analysis. She finds she has these feelings especially with regard to a visiting university student from Sweden, and with Andy (Bernhard Naglestad), a young boy who has shown interest in her and even in her scientific analysis of life and death.
Andy (Bernhard Naglestad)
Admittedly, the plot does not shine with originality, but the young actors are incredibly talented and natural in front of the camera, which by itself guarantees that both girl and boy viewers (even the grown-up ones) will be able to associate with them and their experiences. I could not help but remember how I once ditched my friends on a soccer field to be with the girl I had a crush on. I’m not sure that’s something to boast about , but … that memory was clearly invoked by this film’s narrative.
The loving gaze and facial expressions of the young Bernhard Naglestad as Andy in the scenes he shares with Selma are so acute that I have a feeling that the boy might have really had a crush on Julia Krohn who portrays Selma. Whether this is true or not, (and we may never find out) the fact that one wonders about it is telling on its own.
Norwegian film making style in portraying youth stories is present in The Color of Milk: brightly lit scenes, an abundance of close-ups, vivid colors and an intriguing way of portraying childhood in a manner that is simply pretty to look at. The perception of the romance in some scenes is boosted by quiet piano music, which characterizes the film’s musical score.
While the film is not the kind that would affect you strongly emotionally, or one that is memorable on its own, watching it is a pleasant nostalgia infused experience that would perfectly fit a lazy Sunday afternoon of viewing.
94 min|Comedy, Romance|27 Aug 2004
6.4Rating: 6.4 / 10 from 544 usersMetascore: N/A
Selma's mother died giving birth to her, and Selma's step aunt is living proof that men only cause trouble. So the 11 year old girl makes a deal with her best friends that they will stay …
Director: Torun Lian
Creator: Torun Lian
Actors: Lars Brunborg, Tobias Bøksle, Celine Engebrigtsen, Maria Elisabeth A. Hansen
Three young Norwegian girls deal with peer pressure and expectations of "normality", in The Color of Milk, a typical character based Coming-of-Age drama with romance nuances.
Character/Acting
Score/Soundtrack
Storyline/Screenplay
Norwegian movie
Felix (2007)
The New Kid (2015)
Canadian Cinema
The Year I Became a Liar (2009)
Categories Select CategoryAlbum ReviewAmerican cinemaArticlesAustralian cinemaAwardsBooksCanadian CinemaCine InterviewClassic MoviesEuropean CinemaFeaturedInterviewsInterviews in CinemaInterviews in MusicIntroductionMusicPerforming ArtsRandomReviewsShort filmsShort Moviestest
The World of Ludovic (1993)
The Strange Ones (2017)
The Day Will Come (2016)
Clement (2001)
The Kite (2015)
World Wide Woven Bodies (2015)
Short films155
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American cinema71
Classic Movies54
Introduction42
TheSkyKid.com features articles and reviews of coming of age movies, music and books with a focus on adolescent development and on young people in the performing arts
© TheSkyKid.Com copyright 2005-2019
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Greenpeace converts John’s office
End of Winston?
Side-show
Written By: Tane - Date published: 6:12 pm, October 31st, 2008 - 32 comments
Categories: election 2008, labour, national, workers' rights - Tags: redundancy
I see the media are now comparing the ‘redundancy’ packages on offer with all of the horse race vigour they applied to the tax cuts. That’s understandable as the media like quantifiable measures so they can make simple graphs and X is greater or less than Y soundbite statements. But what they have forgotten is that neither package is better than a decent redundancy clause and of the major parties only Labour is offering one of those.
I don’t expect it’ll be great but let’s have a look at what redundancy means:
A standard redundancy (at the low end) is 4+2* capped at 20 years.
That means someone who has worked for 5 years in the same job who is made redundant at a time they are taking home $500 a week in the hand will get fourteen weeks of pay or $7000 dollars.
If they have worked 20 years they get 44 weeks of pay or $22,000. Compared to the ‘assistance’ the two parties are offering that’s a lot of cash to use to cover your mortgage and look after your family.
Sounds too good to be true? Well, 80% of union negotiated employment agreements have redundancy clauses and 4+2 is on the low end – many are 6+2 or 8+2.
When you consider Labour’s policy is to protect workers’ rights and introduce a minimum redundancy, while National won’t commit to such a policy and wants to make it harder for unions to negotiate, it’s pretty clear which party is really looking out for workers who lose their jobs.
The media frenzy over these assistance packages is a side-show in comparison.
[*This means a redundancy formula of four weeks’ pay on signing up and two weeks for every year of service.]
32 comments on “Side-show”
randal 1
why dont they do somehting about guyan epsinners colmar brunton poll on TV! asking new zealanders stupid questions about who should form the next government.
I mean they could make it plain instead of allowing epsinner to pretend he has something valid to say about the constitutional process
Monty 2
Awwww – you guys are just sour that National has outsmarted you yet again with the very well thought out redundancy package released today by the guy who will be PM in 9 days time.
The problem with redundancy packages that you are suggesting is that during a difficult time when a business is needed to make cutbacks in order to survive, the redundancy packages the leftards (who are economically illiterate) promote is that such a law could force the employer into bankruptcy – and then everyone loses their job.
[Tane: Na, I think National’s package has some good points and more than anything I’m pleased to see workers’ rights as a major issue in the campaign. I just think any analysis that ignores redundancy is missing the point. And don’t give me that crap about redundancy packages destroying business – I’ve heard it all before and never seen any evidence.]
I cant help thinking the Nats are using this site to their advantage. What better source to gage the needs of workers and respond to any flaws of newly announced labour policy.
tsmithfield 4
Around 95% of people are employed in companies of 5 or less (or similar figures). The point is, that most people are employed in small businesses in NZ. Big corporates and government departments might be able to afford the type of redundancy packages you mention. Small business would not, however. If anyone here disagrees with me, then I suggest they try starting up their own business and find out how difficult and financially demanding it can be.
I run a local small business here. We employ 8 people. My house is mortgaged up to the hilt to fund the business. There is no way we could afford the sort of redundancy packages you are talking about here. It would be fantasy land for most small employees, who employ the majority of people in NZ. We are generally mum and dad employers who are taking a huge risk to go into business.
Having said that, we have done what we can. We have a small redundancy provision in our contracts. Our employees are entitled to four weeks notice plus four weeks redundancy pay. This gives them eight weeks to find a job in the event of redundancy. Realistically, we could not afford more than that. We would probably close up the business if some draconian redundancy requirement was brought in.
Have any of you here actually tried running a small business?
I run a business that employees eight people. My house is mortgaged to the hilt ot help fund the business. It is businesses of our size and less that accounts for over 95% of employment in NZ. Big corporates might be able to afford the level of redundancy you talk about here. However, there is absolutely no way the average small business could.
Having said that, we have a small redundancy provision in our contracts. Employees get four weeks notice plus four weeks redundancy pay. This gives them eight weeks of full pay to find another job should they be made redundant. That is about as far as we could possibly go.
Mandatory redundancy at an unrealistic level would simply put most people off from going into business or from growing their business to the detriment of the economy.
Dan 6
31 October 2008 at 10:27 pm
Hey guys, Centrebet odds are dropping. Lots of people are out to make a killing. Clark was $5:00 ,but has now shortened to $3.25. That is huge. It is a bit like the Hamilton taxi driver who has predicted the red crew; he has always been correct. The big advert in the Herald was a businessman who has thrived under Labour. It is a pity it was hidden away in the business pages after Granny Herald’s biased reporting.
Go Helen: we don’t want a weasel!
burt 7
I see the media are now comparing the “redundancy’ packages on offer with all of the horse race vigour they applied to the tax cuts.
Steve P. did the best horse race vigor on tax cuts.
No tax cut for most from Nats
mickysavage 8
Good comment Tane
The nats are trying to make the election into a consumerist commodity battle. Party A’s specials this week are slightly better than Party B’s, therefore A should win. It is a shame that in the medium term Party A will do its best to destroy the Union movement and Party B’s offering plus support for the trade union movement would mean that ordinary people will be far better off in the future.
I have this nagging doubt that Party A’s fine print could eventually result in a false advertising claim but by then it will be too late …Irene vadrick
mickysavage
You are right about party A party B stuff, just yesterday Tane said this of the Labour’s redundancy offering.
Still, overall this is good, sensible, vote-winning stuff.
I’m not as partisan as you so I don’t think it’s only the ‘nats’ doing it.
Of course you’re not, burt.
You’re just partisan enough to trot out your “Labour bad, ACT good” ill thought out infantile pap and boring, moronic attempts at humour every day on several different blogs for what is it now, 2 years? 2 and a half?
But that’s not partisan is it burt, as long as you can retrospectively rewrite the dictionary.
burt 11
Been researching me Felix, I’m flattered. I guess the best thing about researching an online identity is you don’t need to fly to their city to do it. Saves the Labour party money I guess.
Oh no Burt – Felix ain’t the researcher of the crazy right. I am. So… anyway… how’s it all going for you pal?
Oh and why have you stopped posting at Cameron’s site?
Killinginthenameof 13
1 November 2008 at 1:47 am
“Around 95% of people are employed in companies of 5 or less (or similar figures). The point is, that most people are employed in small businesses in NZ.”
“It is businesses of our size and less that accounts for over 95% of employment in NZ”
No, SME’s account for around 99% of businesses, but only 60% of empolyment.
I mean think about it, work force of some where between 2 and 3 million (I actually have no idea), with 95% working in SME’s, you’d be looking at only 100,000-150,000 people to run the entire public service, 5 major banks, 7 universities, 5 main petrol station chains, 5 big fast food chains, numerous different retail chains you get the idea, 95% is just not plausible.
Yeah that’s right burt, I’d have to be doing some pretty intensive research to notice your goonish presence on the blogs.
Is this really how your little mind works, burt?
You post the same shit everywhere you go, every day and because I notice you’ve been doing it a while I must be “researching” you.
It’s just amazing what enough alcohol and meth will do to a tiny, semi-functioning, retarded brain like yours.
[lprent: That is probably getting over the top. ]
lprent 15
tsmith..:
Yes. But really the question is how much of the risk should be carried by the employees of the company rather than the owner. The reason that you have redundancy in your contract is to reduce risk to them. Therefore you can employ people who more risk-adverse than you are.
Redundancy in the contract or in legislation reduces the impact on the employees, but is also good for the directors because it clarifies the risk to them. Redundancy payments count as a liability in the books, and therefore part of the directors duties. At present that risk is carried largely by the employees without a corresponding potential benefit. That is iniquitous.
The problem of a lack of investment capital probably has far more effect on being able to grow businesses. In NZ it is very bad and shows a classic market failure because almost every small business is under-funded. This is also why a mandatory redundancy regime is more important because under-funded businesses tend to fail abruptly because they have no reserves to fail in a more orderly manner.
Sorry Lynn, I withdraw and apologise.
Monty 17
Problem is now that Key has gained back the initiative and got the momentum in this election. And it has been a very bad week for Labour and her association with Winston. So the Champagne remains on ice and nicely chilled with a landslide victory. Clark called the election on Trust. Thank you Helen – we can trust John Key to bring out sensible and well thought out policy (Out Labour Labour on this policy rather than policy on the hoof as Labour have clearly done.
Labour are now running in a blind panic.
And given the revelations in the paper this week, Winston is gone for all money. Clark’s biggest problem will be unshackling herself from that tired and corrupt Bully. But Clark made this election about trust – so now after reading the Dom Post this morning, who would trust Winston – or anyone associated with him.
Concerned of Tawa 18
The Dom Post this morning has dealt the death blow to this government.
H1 and H2 could learn a lesson or two on how to release a real neutron bomb.
Everything else is now a sideshow.
Will it be corruption or economic mismanagement that is now Clark’s legacy?
Carol 19
Hmmm. Well it could go either way. It certainly doesn’t look good for Peters. But this morning’s allegation is actually linked to Peters’ assocaition with the National Party – ie ex Nat MP Neurant, and in 1999, at a time when Peters was in coalition with National.
It’s interesting all these funding irregularity allegations most directly implicate National people or ex Nats. Also interesting there’s been no direct allegations of funding irregularities for Labour or Labour people.
Some righties talked about Peters knowing where the Labour “bodies are buried”. But he definitely has indicated that he knows where ther National bodies are buried with respect to funding for policies. If he gets cornered, do you think he won’t play that one up?
Nice try Carol.
You’ll have more success pinning someone elses signature on John Key 20 years ago than wiping Peters off Labour and onto National.
The stench of Peters is inextricably linked to Clark now, and she has protected him like no other.
This is all the public will see…
How can she have protected him, if she knew nothing about this latest allegation?
Back at ya with the nice try.
Carol – Clark knows everything that goes on – Parliament is rife with rumour – these allegations have been swirling in Wellington for months – I knew 3 months ago that Meurant was squealing like a pig. Concerned of tawa id right – everything else is a sideshow. Clark and Peters are joined at the hip and she would have taken a very close interest in these matters.
Clark’s association with Peters and her protection of him must have a reason.
I think todays revelations are the last nail in the coffin of this desperate government.
Tim Ellis 23
There appears to be clear evidence that NZ First advocated policy that was specifically designed to help the Vela family. There have long been rumours of why Peters pushed so hard for changes to the fishing and racing laws. Helen Clark personally approved Winston Peters keeping the $40,000 donation from the Velas to pay off his legal bills. This is very, very murky.
Everyone knew about it months ago. She has had plenty of time to show leadership and some morals. Ah maybe not.
Instead she packs Mike Williams off to Aussy and gets the research unit on overtime to try and relight her fizzer.
Not a good look Carol which ever way you spin it…
IrishBill 25
I wouldn’t get too excited boys, it certainly looks bad for Peters and I’d be happy to see him go (apart from the fact it would give you lot so much joy) but I doubt it will be seen as Labour’s fault despite the right’s desperate attempts to tie the two together.
bill brown 26
Do you really think that people that were going to vote for Peters yesterday won’t today because of that article?
I heard one “oh poor old Winston” this morning.
And I just turned the page because I wouldn’t vote for him anyway and I’m bored with the whole thing.
But I’m sure Espiner will share a stiffy with you tonight, Monty, if you can hold on that long.
higherstandard 27
Bill’s quite right of course a large proportion of NZers will vote for the same party/person they have before regardless of not having any rational reason for doing so.
randal 28
I agree hs. the new zealand voter is dumbed down to the max.
all they can think about is buying amotorbike and making a loud noise to piss their neighbours off
thinking about reducing workers rights, privatising ACC, gutting kiwisaver and weakening the RMA and the ETS is just too hard for vibrant solipsistic postmodern nitwits.
Isn’t you and me agreeing one of the portents of the apocalypse ?
I dont know..is it?
FFS. Since when did it become ‘dodgy’ for a politician to elevate business concerns above all others? They are where they are to LOOK AFTER BUSINESS!
Receiving OBVIOUS kickbacks and getting pinged is, of course, bad form….makes the others look bad.
Meanwhile, both major parties are willing to throw our money at the banks. Not read too much in the way of outrage on that front. I take it that if the banks offered an obvious kick-back to politicians there would be an uproar? But since they do not need to bribe to get their way it’s all a- ok?
Their kick-back is endorsement…endorsement of a career in so-called representative politics where the real interests being represented beneath the veneer of universal suffrage are those of business.
Meanwhile, the likes of the Greens are ridiculed and ignored at every turn because, (for the time being at least), they don’t quite dance to the tune of business that (so far) successfully sells that which is good for them as unquestionably good for us.
On the same vein, is there any point in decrying lack of individual journalistic integrity when we live in a society that rewards the commissar and simultaneously ensures the marginalisation of the journalist and journalism?
Ahh. That feels better.
all that and more
what I really object to is the crassness
talking of sideshows the local ibetrianzl party just went past in some heap of crap honda with a microphone blaring out his mealy mouth demonisation of Helen C.
back on topic
crassness
no class
dorkism
to much tv
too much drink
too much hitech
too much everything
blerrrrk
must be something in the water
new zealand is locked in some antipodean teutonic bore boer boor boer bore society
one dimensional
deadly dull
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If a white man falls off a chair drunk, it’s just a drunk. If a Negro does, it’s the whole damn Negro race.
A minority group has “arrived” only when it has the right to produce some fools and scoundrels without the entire group paying for it.
Carl T. Rowan
I learned to slip back and forth between my black and white worlds. One of those tricks I had learned: People were satisfied so long as you were courteous and smiled and made no sudden moves. They were more than satisfied; they were relieved — such a pleasant surprise to find a well-mannered young black man who didn’t seem angry all the time.
There’s a stereotype that black people are lazy. I don’t know if that’s true, but I know white people went all the way to Africa to get out of doing work.
Lance Crouther
The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it.
Contrary to today’s stereotypes, racists do not always chew tobacco and drive pickup trucks with gun racks. They wear silk shirts, treat women as possessions, and talk about human rights at cocktail parties far from communities of people of color. The men in pickup trucks are just as likely to be warm and caring as the high-minded liberals are to be racists.
Wilma Mankiller
I learned to believe in freedom, to glow when the word democracy was used, and to practice slavery from morning to night. I learned it the way all of my Southern people learn it: by closing door after door until one’s mind and heart and conscience are blocked off from each other and from reality.
Lillian Smith
In this country “American” means white. Everybody else has to hyphenate.
I have come to see white privilege as an invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was meant to remain oblivious. White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions, maps, passports, code books, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks.
Peggy McIntosh
There is inherited wealth in this country and also inherited poverty.
We all grow up with the weight of history on us. Our ancestors dwell in the attics of our brains as they do in the spiraling chains of knowledge hidden in every cell of our bodies.
Shirley Abbott
Jon Stewart: Your mother is from Kansas. She’s a white woman. Your father, African. Are you concerned that you may go into the voting booth and . . . your white half will all of a sudden decide, “I can’t do this”?
Barack Obama: Yeah. It’s a problem.
From The Daily Show, October 2008
I still say black. I say it because . . . African American . . . doesn’t make your life any easier. You don’t see black people . . . saying, “Oh yeah, African American. Man, I’ll tell ya, this beats the hell outta being black.” . . . “You don’t see any of us going into Bank of America [saying], “Excuse me, I’m here to pick up my loan.” . . . “You were rejected for that loan last week.” . . . “I was black then. See, I’m African American now. I’ll just go in the vault and take what I need.”
I think it’s helpful to remind white ethnics that they, too, came here in boats; that they, too, lived in slums; that they, too, had yellow fever; that they, too, were stigmatized as incorrigible; that they, too, had the highest homicide rates and the highest incarceration rates and the highest rates of mental illness; and that everything that was said about them in those days is now being said about Salvadorans, Dominicans, African Americans, Mexicans, Vietnamese, and Cambodians in our inner cities.
I am quite sure . . . I have no race prejudices, and I think I have no color prejudices, nor caste prejudices, nor creed prejudices. Indeed, I know it. I can stand any society. All I care to know is that a man is a human being — that is enough for me; he can’t be any worse.
Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can any deny themselves the pleasure of my company?
© Clemens Kalischer
Buy the July 2009 issue for $5.95 Order now to get instant access to this issue, and we’ll also send you a print copy. Order Now ▸
July 2009 ▸
Suburban Bitch Cruise
By Akhim Yuseff Cabey
By Christian Zwahlen
Meeting Father
By Martin Steingesser
Archipelagoes
By Rochelle Smith
We Are Iran:
The Persian Blogs
By Nasrin Alavi
Red Eggs
By Angela Lam
The Music And The Masses
By Collie
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Stuart Dew climbs the AFL coaching mountain
News, AFL News, AFL, Sydney Swans, Contracts
The Suns have today unveiled their latest Senior Coach appointment as former Sydney Swans Senior Assistant, Stuart Dew.
Dew, a two-time premiership player with Port Adelaide and Hawthorn, and premiership assistant coach with the Sydney Swans in 2012, takes the reigns of the struggling Queensland club.
Having started off as a Development Coach in 2010, Dew worked his way up the ranks, taking up an assistant role in 2012 before ultimately taking over the senior assistant role.
Dew, 38, said that he was looking forward to the opportunity.
“I am incredibly grateful for this opportunity and look forward to moving to the Gold Coast with my family and getting stuck into the challenge ahead,” Dew said.
“I would like to acknowledge the Sydney Swan’s for the development and experience they have given to me to help me secure this positon.
“In particular, I’d like to thank John Longmire, Tom Harley, Dean Moore and Andrew Ireland for the education and assistance that they have provided to me.
“I will move to the Gold Coast as soon as possible and I look forward to meeting our players and staff and working with them as we develop a clear pathway to future success for our fans in the coming years.”
“My experience tells me that the success we all crave comes on the back of genuine buy in and commitment from all and a sustained selfless team approach, that’s where I want to take the Gold Coast SUNS.
Chairman Tony Cochrane was delighted to have the former Swan on board as their new Senior Coach.
“We are absolutely thrilled to have signed Stuart Dew as our senior coach,” Cochrane said.
“Our Chief Executive, Mark Evans, ran a very thorough process to identify and secure the best person to take us forward.
“Stuart boasts the qualities required to be a successful coach and I am confident our team will grow with Stuart over the coming years.”
Stuart Dew certainly leaves the Swans in good stead, with the well wishes and congratulations of John Longmire.
“Stuart has been a tremendous asset to our football club and I’m thrilled to see him take the next step in his coaching career, I know he will embrace the challenge with the same enthusiasm he has brought to our club every day,” Longmire said.
“Over the journey, he’s established trusted relationships with players and staff right across the club.
“We would like to thank Stuart for his contribution to our team and we wish him, Sarah, Frankie and Jack all the very best for the future.”
Dew has long been sought after for various coaching roles, considered for Melbourne, Carlton, Gold Coast and the Brisbane Lions.
It was only a matter of time before he would move on and further his career as a senior coach.
Best of luck Stuart, you've been a tremendous asset and faithful servant of the club.
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This is africa
African identities
Africans rising
Lifestyle article comment count is: 0
Lifestyle Coco Gauff: Rising teenage tennis star shines at Wimbledon 2019
By Andrew Chatora on July 8, 2019 July 16, 2019
We all love a beautiful story and tennis prodigy Cori “Coco” Gauff’s resurgence at Wimbledon 2019 is an alluring story of triumph, and remarkable hardwork which has touched the hearts of many and inspired the world.
Lifestyle Charlie Brooker’s Black Mirror: Fluid identities – life beyond virtual reality
Virtual sex, techno-paranoia, the cyber city, second life, social media culture, sexual identity politics and debating the online self – these themes are a sure indication that Black Mirror, the anthology television series created by Charlie Brooker, highlights key themes pertinent to our 21st century psyche and merits scholarly attention, writes Andrew Chatora
Lifestyle FIFA’s intervention in African football speaks volumes about failed leadership
By The Conversation on July 4, 2019 July 15, 2019
Leadership is a major constraint to the development of Africa’s most popular sport.
Lifestyle Nigerian doccie film “Under The Rainbow” tells a coming-out story amidst homophobia
By Socrates Mbamalu on July 3, 2019 July 15, 2019
“Under the Rainbow” is not only about the rejection and loss suffered by a lesbian woman in Nigeria. It is also a powerful story about the triumph of love.
Lifestyle Nigeria’s Burna Boy and South Africa’s Sho Madjozi win at the 2019 BET Awards
By Kylie Kiunguyu on June 28, 2019 July 15, 2019
At the 2019 BET Awards, Nigerian musical powerhouse Burna Boy won Best International Act, while South Africa’s Sho Madjozi won Best New International Act. With her win, Madjozi became the first South African female artist to win a BET award.
Lifestyle A four-seater plane, built and piloted by teen students is on a Cape-to-Cairo flight
South African teenagers will attempt to fly across the continent on a four-seater Sling 4 plane that was assembled by a group of 20 students from a kit manufactured in South Africa by the Airplane Factory. The teens have already made a successful flight to their first stop in Namibia.
Lifestyle Football fever: AFCON 2019 is under way!
The Total 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, hosted by the North African country of Egypt, is the 32nd edition of the Africa Cup of Nations.
Lifestyle Masai Ujiri Toronto Raptors President says Africa is a gold mine for talent
The Nigerian-born Masai Ujiri, a former player and now professional basketball executive who became the first African president of basketball operations and general manager of the Toronto Raptors, spoke to CNN’s Marketplace Africa about the future of basketball in Africa.
Lifestyle South Africa: Township basketball teams celebrate Youth Day at the CTICC
By GroundUp Staff on June 17, 2019 July 16, 2019
The two-day Youth Day Classic Basketball Tournament kicked off on 16 June with about 800 youngsters.
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Home Reviews 📚 Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan
📚 Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan
July 11, 2017 May 17, 2018 5 stars, Fiction, Kevin Kwan, Lynn Chen
Available purchase options for this title (via affiliate links) are located below this review. Purchasing through them helps keep The Audiobookworm going. Learn more here.
Rich #1
Goodreads⎮Reviewed Jul. 2017
Narrator: Lynn Chen
Length: 13h 53m
Publisher: Random House Audio⎮2013
Synopsis: Crazy Rich Asians is the outrageously funny debut novel about three super-rich, pedigreed Chinese families and the gossip, backbiting, and scheming that occurs when the heir to one of the most massive fortunes in Asia brings home his ABC (American-born Chinese) girlfriend to the wedding of the season.
When Rachel Chu agrees to spend the summer in Singapore with her boyfriend, Nicholas Young, she envisions a humble family home, long drives to explore the island, and quality time with the man she might one day marry. What she doesn’t know is that Nick’s family home happens to look like a palace, that she’ll ride in more private planes than cars, and that with one of Asia’s most eligible bachelors on her arm, Rachel might as well have a target on her back. Initiated into a world of dynastic splendor beyond imagination, Rachel meets Astrid, the It Girl of Singapore society; Eddie, whose family practically lives in the pages of the Hong Kong socialite magazines; and Eleanor, Nick’s formidable mother, a woman who has very strong feelings about who her son should–and should not–marry. Uproarious, addictive, and filled with jaw-dropping opulence, Crazy Rich Asians is an insider’s look at the Asian JetSet; a perfect depiction of the clash between old money and new money; between Overseas Chinese and Mainland Chinese; and a fabulous novel about what it means to be young, in love, and gloriously, crazilyrich.
4.75★ Audiobook⎮ I’m so glad I decided to start listening to Crazy Rich Asians. It truly is like Gossip Girl, but set in Singapore and way more extreme, if you can believe it. Crazy Rich Asians was unbelievably entertaining.
Crazy Rich Asians had all the drama of a soap opera, complete with unexpected twists. As a soap fan, I ate it up. I found it hilariously funny and delightful, like juicy gossip. It provided a great contrast to Vacation, a more contemplative book I was hearing at the same time. Crazy Rich Asians would make for a delicious poolside tale at whichever summer resort you choose to holiday. Or, you know, your own backyard.
Beginning this series has made me super excited for the upcoming movie. It was fun to be able to envision the cast members as the characters in my head while I listened. Most of the POV characters came across as very distinct. Some of the more minor characters, however, tended to blur together. Being unfamiliar with Chinese naming traditions, I found it a little difficult to grasp the who’s-who until about 75% through the book. It was a overwhelming trying to keep all of the characters and families straight, but still worth it. I ended up finding a family tree graphic on Pinterest that made it a lot easier.
I can’t wait for the movie to be released! I’ve been following the casting news eagerly and can’t wait to see it all come together. Hopefully the second and third installments of the series will also be picked up for the silver screen.
Narration review: Rich is a series that I was absolutely planning to continue on with. After finishing Crazy Rich Asians, I picked up its sequel almost immediately and began listening. I adored Lynn Chenn’s narration, even if it was a little fast-paced at times. As the story went on, I became used to it. She did an excellent job of differentiating between characters and displaying their personalities with her voice. Alas, I understand that narrator swaps have to be made sometimes, but I really wish Lynn could have finished out this series. Her replacement was simply not up to par and I doubt I’ll be able to finish the series because of it. Quelle déception!
However, I do encourage you to give the series a shot. I wholeheartedly recommend the first installment, Crazy Rich Asians, on audiobook. The second two, not so much. Whether you start listening on audio and switch to paperback or just read the entire series, I don’t think you’ll be disappointed. ♣︎
$ Available at Audiobooks.com and Audible/Amazon
📚 Witches of East End by Melissa de la Cruz
🎙 Talking Audiobooks with Casey Trowbridge
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The Candy Perfume Boy March 18, 2015 Gourmand, Masculine, Oriental, Perfume Reviews, Tom Ford
Café Noir – Tom Ford Noir Extreme Perfume Review
The Ever-Dapper Mr. Ford
When it comes to perfume, Tom Ford knows what he’s doing. Not that he doesn’t know what he’s doing in the worlds of fashion and film, mind – he definitely seems pretty good in those fields too, but with perfume it is undeniable that he is a man of extraordinary style and taste. Since the launch of his flagship fragrance, Black Orchid, in 2006, Ford has crafted himself a fragrant empire that has seen the creation of over 50 fragrances. His output is prolific, varied, grand, opulent and fascinating, courting with true luxury through his unique aesthetic. Everything he does is unmistakably ‘Tom Ford’ and therefore, also pretty darn good.
Tom Ford’s fragrance line consists of two collections; the Private Blends and the Signature Collection, the latter of which showcases a more accessible range of masculine and feminine fragrances in that inimitable Tom Ford style. What strikes me as particularly intriguing about the Signature Collection is the excellent quality of the masculine offerings. When fragrances for men are so often dull, tired and unpleasant, Tom Ford’s act as a refreshing surprise that can restore one’s faith in fragrant humanity. They are handsome, stylish, classic and modern, as all masculine fragrances should be.
My favourite of Ford’s masculine fragrances is Noir – a plush, resinous and powdery scent that bears a striking resemblance to the style of the Guerlain classics, but with a modern twist. In a world of ‘fresh this’ and ‘sport that’, Noir is a bastion of hope for those that demand more from their masculine fragrance. Because it is such a breath of fresh air (not literally), Noir has deservedly been very popular, and for 2015 Tom Ford is launching a brand new interpretation of the fragrance (joining the original Eau de Parfum and Eau de Toilette), entitled ‘Noir Extreme’ – a new chapter in the Noir story that “reveals a new dimension of the “Noir Man”.
Noir Extreme – The Last Addition to the Tom Ford Noir Lineup
Top: Mandarin, Neroli, Saffron, Nutmeg and Cardamom
Heart: Mastic, Rose, Jasmine and Orange Blossom
Base: Woods, Amber, Sandalwood and Vanilla
Right from the outset, Noir Extreme is decidedly more gourmand than the original. It opens with a dry dusting of warm spices, with cinnamon and cardamom being the most prominent. There’s an undercurrent of something boozy and rum-like in the background that presents this version of Noir as a scent that really enjoys enjoys the tasty things in life. This fact is only intensified as Noir Extreme empties its pockets of a multitude of gourmand nuances, throwing out sachets of coffee, bars of dark chocolate and pots of kulfi, just to name a few of its many foodie fancies. With this in mind, it is utterly remarkable that Noir Extreme never feels gluttonous, not even for a second. In fact, it is strikingly translucent in its presentation of the gourmand.
The heart and base feel very café like, showcasing an exotic array of apple pies, baklava and assorted pastries, painstakingly hand crafted. The amber at the centre of Noir Extreme is interesting – it’s prominent but also transparent, and feels slightly intangible like a hologram. The fragrance definitely gains more of a solid feel as it dries down, thanks mainly to sandalwood, which keeps things suitably soft and chewy, whilst absorbing all of the deliciousness that proceeds it. In the very end, Noir Extreme floats just above the skin in a soft haze of vanilla and amber.
Noir Extreme is not what one expects at all, and it would be fair to say that it shares few olfactory connections with the original, in fact the word ‘Noir’ really feels like the only thing that links the two together. That said, both Noir Extreme and Noir are on the same spectrum, and share the same depth and richness of colour. The original Noir evokes the idea of steely greys and ostrich-like blacks, whereas this new Extreme version is more auburn and burgundy.
Do I like Noir Extreme? Yes, I do. I find it to be a warm and cosy fragrance in the oriental style, with just the right level of the gourmand to keep it au courant, without being sickly sweet. I must also add that is has a relatively low-key sillage for a Tom Ford fragrance, but it’s one of those scents that kicks up little puffs of scented smoke throughout the day, just to remind you that it’s there. It has a sweet and resinous trail that is difficult for one not to want to follow.
Do I think Noir Extreme is better than the original? In short, no. But the problem with this comparison is that they are in fact, two very different fragrances, with the powdery, and almost Shalimar-esque tones of Noir being far removed from the robustly presented apple pie of the Extreme. One could easily justify having both fragrances in their wardrobe and could pick them out when they want to present a different version of themselves. Noir is the sensitive, yet confident man with a classic sense of style, whereas, Noir Extreme is the exuberant lover of night-life on the prowl. Both are valid, well-executed and undeniably ‘Tom Ford’.
Noir Extreme is available in 50ml Eau de Parfum for £70.
Sample via Tom Ford. Notes via Basenotes. Image 1 via Fragrantica. Image 2 via Tom Ford.
Posted in Gourmand, Masculine, Oriental, Perfume Reviews, Tom Ford and tagged Flanker, Fragrance, Gourmand, Masculine, Noir, Noir Extreme, Oriental, Perfume, Perfume Review, Signature Collection, Tom Ford. Bookmark the permalink.
johanob2014 on March 18, 2015 at 3:58 pm
OMG he is still a gorgeous man!!Will seek this one out asap!CONGRATULATIONS on the Jasmin Award,Thomas!!Well deserved!!xo
The Candy Perfume Boy on March 18, 2015 at 6:00 pm
Thank you, Johanob2014!! And yes, Mr. Ford is a handsome devil. Noir Extreme is definitely worth a sniff!
Café Glamour – Tom Ford Noir Pour Femme Perfume Review | The Candy Perfume Boy on September 9, 2015 at 9:00 am
[…] juxtaposition of all things sweet, and all things bitter. The kulfi accord, which was also used in Noir Extreme (launched earlier this year), appears here as a lactonic nutty quality that dilutes what would […]
The Candies 2015: The Very Best and Very Worst Perfumes of 2015 | The Candy Perfume Boy on December 30, 2015 at 12:04 pm
[…] the honourable mentions front in the niche masculine category we have Sunshine Man from Amouage and Noir Extreme by Tom Ford. The Amouage takes the sexiest masculine note (lavender) and celebrates all that makes […]
James on February 1, 2016 at 12:41 pm
I love Tom Ford perfume they have never let me down
The Candy Perfume Boy on February 1, 2016 at 8:50 pm
Same here, James. Same here!
Smelly News: ODOU Kickstarts Issue Four
The Candy Perfume Boy Wins Second Jasmine Award
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ESPN had to know the live Red Sox locker room feed would result in F-bombs, and showed it anyway
ESPNMLBBy Matt Clapp on October 29, 2018
For the fourth time since 2004, the Boston Red Sox are World Series champions after beating the Los Angeles Dodgers 5-1 in Sunday night’s Game 5.
After the game, Red Sox manager Alex Cora met with the team in the locker room, and ESPN decided to go live to Cora’s speech during SportsCenter with SVP.
Just over 30 seconds later, a screaming “FUCK YEAH!” from at least one Red Sox player (or coach etc) was heard loud and clear on ESPN.
ESPN surely knew f-bombs or some sort of vulgar language would be heard on this live feed. Scott Van Pelt even said as much:
“There was a 1,000 percent chance someone was going to cuss. 1,000 percent. I mean it’s after midnight, unless you’re out at west, and if so it’s cable and we’re sorry. The minute you open up the mics you get what you get.”
And he’s exactly right with his point: it’s late night, on a Sunday night (and early Monday morning on the east coast). Are many viewers going to care about an f-bomb from an ecstatic baseball team that just won a World Series? No. The response to this topic from most viewers (and most of you that are reading this) would be, “Who cares?”
So, the point of this post isn’t to criticize ESPN for letting an F-bomb on TV when they should’ve “1,000 percent” seen it coming as SVP correctly said. It’s a post commending ESPN for not being afraid to show a very cool live moment of a team celebrating a championship, while being fully aware some adult language could/would likely come with it.
Alex CoraBoston Red SoxScott Van PeltsportscenterSportscenter with SVP
About Matt Clapp
Matt is an editor at The Comeback. He attended Colorado State University, wishes he was Saved by the Bell's Zack Morris, and idolizes Larry David. And loves pizza and dogs because obviously.
He can be followed on Twitter at @Matt2Clapp (also @TheBlogfines for Cubs/MLB tweets and @DaBearNecess for Bears/NFL tweets), and can be reached by email at mclapp@thecomeback.com.
View all posts by Matt Clapp
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Category Archives: radiation
Saying Goodbye (35)
My husband, Bryan, had told me that Mum was losing weight before she was diagnosed with lung cancer as he’d been working in the country and had visited my parents’ farm nearby. Then Dad rang to say mum had been admitted for a gall-bladder operation due to her weight loss. And finally he phoned to say that the shadow seen on Mum’s lung during an x-ray was cancer. I can remember putting the phone down, turning to my husband saying: “It’s lung cancer” and then bursting into tears.
I looked up everything I could find about cancer and found that Mum’s version, small cell lung cancer, was the hardest to treat. Mum’s doctor advised she have chemotherapy and radiation or she would be dead within 18 months. Mum had both and was dead within 18 months. But it certainly boosted the coffers of the oncologist and Big Pharma supplying the oncology drugs.
The first time I saw my mother after her diagnosis I didn’t know what to do. We’d driven down to Busselton, in south-west Western Australia where my parents lived, and I just stood and stared at her after I’d climbed out of the car. Then she said: “Just hug me” and I thought I’d never let her go. She returned with us for her first chemotherapy treatment. She was scared and it was terrible leaving her alone in the hospital ward. But although she lost her hair, Mum never got really sick and seemed to respond positively to the treatment. The only time I saw her lose the plot was when she thought she’d had her final radiotherapy treatment and then found she had another session of radiotherapy to her brain. She seemed to give up after that.
I remember suggesting nervously to Mum as I was driving her home after chemo that she might give up smoking. Both Mum and Dad had taken up smoking when they lived in London during the war years and the Blitz. Mum had narrowly avoided being killed by two bombs – one a doodle bug which hit Woolworths in Lewisham, London, during peak-hour shopping and which she missed because she slept in; and the second time was because she had been transferred to the Central Telephone Exchange in central London from the local telephone exchange in Lewisham a week before the bomb shelter with all her telephonist friends inside scored a direct hit by a bomb. All her friends were killed. When Mum came to Australia, she had to have regular, annual chest x-rays as the doctor told her they kept an eye on people migrating due to the stress and possible health problems. But he said he never ever advised anyone who had taken up smoking during the Blitz to stop smoking as he said it was pretty much impossible and he’d never had any success.
When I made the comment about packing in smoking, my mother replied bitterly: “Everything else has been taken from me. I’m not having my cigarettes taken away.” It was the only time she came close to admitting that she hated Australia. We – Bryan and I – were both aware that she had not settled in this new country. Mum had left her own mother, sister, brother, nephews and friends behind in the UK. She was a sociable woman had had loved working at the jewellery and wig counters in Debenham’s in Canterbury. But in Western Australia, Dad bought an isolated farm in the south-west where the house was ramshackle and they had to travel a long distance to get any groceries. Mum told me later that she’d finally told Dad she’d divorce him unless he sold the farm. They did move into Busselton but again into a run-down home where Dad proceeded to make a complete shambles with all the rubbish he collected.
Finally they bought a house in Rockingham so Mum could be nearer medical treatment. And it was here that Mum finally died.
We had a dreadful time when she was in Sir Charles Gardner Hospital in Perth. One night the phone rang around 1am and it was the hospital advising that mum had been admitted as an emergency. We rushed over to the hospital to find Mum blue in the face and her heartbeat up to 160/minute. She was fighting for breath and it turned out that the tumour which had disappeared in her lung after chemotherapy and radiotherapy had spread to her larynx and was choking her to death. It was only the fact she had a strong heart that prevented her dying then and there. Mum was taken in for laser surgery to clear out the tumour temporarily and she looked right as rain when I next saw her which was quite amazing given her condition in the middle of the night.
Me, my Mum and my husband, Bryan – taken a long time before she got sick.
But then I was out in the corridor talking to a young doctor when he casually told me my mother was now terminal and would die within a few weeks. We were standing among lots of people and I remember staring at him in disbelief. Mum had appeared to be reacting well to the medical treatment and no-one had even mentioned that she had a limited life span.
That this young man could be so insensitive as to give me the news in a crowded area left me stunned. I fell apart, gut-wrenching tears hit me, I was howling with grief and struggling to breathe. It was then the young trainee doctor said I’d better see the oncologist treating mum. I phoned Dad who returned to the hospital and we went into see the specialist. I can still remember his words: “Ah, yes, Vera Davies. I’m afraid the tumour has re-occurred in her throat and she’s terminal. We’ll keep her in hospital and sedated until she chokes to death.”
To this day I can’t believe that someone could be so cold and insensitive. I know when we first went in to see this miserable specimen of humanity after Mum’s lung cancer had been diagnosed that he started going through Mum’s test results and got to a point where he mentioned the lung cancer may have metastised in her liver, which frightened the life out of both of us. Then he broke off to answer a phone call, had a nice chatty session with a fellow physician, while we were left hanging in the air, unsure how bad the news really was. Finally he put the phone down and said: “But a closer inspection shows that’s not the case”. Personally I could have ripped the guy’s head off, but my Mum was very respectful of and intimidated by the medical profession so I stayed quiet in order not to upset her.
It was this same ratbag who so casually talked about sedating Mum until her death and not one skerrick of compassion crossed his lips. Years down the track I found a poem I wrote about him, where I expresssed my rage and fury at his cold-heartedness and I must admit, I laughed me head off, it was a very healing experience for me. Unfortunately it’s far too libellous to reprint here!
Dad and I walked out of the specialist’s office and stared at each other. We both agreed that we had wanted to reach over the desk, grab the specialist’s tie and strangle him for his utter insensitivity. Dad said then that he would take Mum home and make sure she died in her own surroundings rather than be left in a hospital which had so little regard for her dignity and well-being.
We were also pretty sure that the hospital was giving mum some drugs which were causing her to hallucinate, as she was doing really odd things in the hospital, like dropping pins into the water glass of her neighbour who was in the two-bed ward. Naturally enough, the neighbour wasn’t too impressed. We know they offered mum an experimental drug which she accepted as she was desperate not to die. But of course, she was dying so the medicos where quite happy to use an experimental drug on her as if she was a guinea pig to be used and discarded when she died.
We then we found out that one night she’d gone running around the hospital demanding the drug. The nurses’ reaction was quite unsympathetic, just annoyance at the interruption to their routine, and no sympathy for a very sick woman scared stiff of dying. We mentioned the use of the experimental drug to one of the nurses who said: “Have they told you or her of the side effects? ” When we said “No – what side effects?” she looked disgusted and said we should have been told. And as it happened it was supposed to come from America and never arrived.
When Dad got Mum home, he said the first night she got out of bed, got a chair and sat in the corner of the room, staring into the corner. When Dad asked my mother what she was doing, she said the doctor had told her to act this way. Dad told her the doctor had informed him that it was now okay to return to bed which she did. And after that, as whatever drugs my mother was being given in the hospital wore off, she returned to normal although her health continued to deteriorate.
Mum, Nanna & my Auntie Muriel (mum’s sister) when Mum went back for a holiday to the UK.
What was hard about mum dying was that she never admitted her condition was terminal. The only time she came close to alluding to her death was when she turned to me shortly before she died and said: “You’ll write to my friends and tell them about, well, you know, won’t you?” which I did but none of them bothered replying.
Dad nursed mum right through her last days with the support of the Silver Chain hospice care. She seemed bright and breezy on her birthday on the 19th September and again was bright when I visited on the morning of 21st. But in the afternoon Dad phoned and said she’d deteriorated rapidly and her death was imminent.
I drove down to Rockingham and found Mum fighting for every breath. She would inhale and breathe out and each time we’d think it was the last breath. I was able to give her a cuddle but her torment was appalling. I know other relatives of cancer sufferers will say the same as me, that a lovely person like my mum didn’t deserve the awful death she suffered. It wasn’t until around 7.30 that the Silver Chain gave her some morphine to ease her pain, she fell asleep and then slipped into a coma. Finally, just after midnight, she took her final breath and was at last at peace.
A huge storm was passing through Rockingham and Perth that night, but an angel from the Silver Chain braved the filthy weather, came out to us, washed mum’s body with my help, and we dressed her in a lovely dress she had adored. The funeral home came for her body just at dawn and it was when I saw her being wheeled away that I finally broke down and started crying. I remember being doubled up with grief and Dad saying: “Cry all you want, love. I wish I could do the same”. I cried all the way home and I guess didn’t stop until late in the evening.
And with Mum’s death, the intermediary and peace-keeper between myself and my father had disappeared. I found that people didn’t want to talk about death and dying and losing your mother, and felt incredibly lonely and beside myself with grief and no-one to share it with. So I decided to see a psychologist and it was one of the best things I’ve done because not only could I talk about loss, the issues between myself and my father began to surface and I began to work on healing those issues.
Posted in: blitz, chemotherapy, family relationships, father, lung cancer, mother, oncologist, radiation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, smoking, Uncategorized | Tagged: blitz, busselton, chemotherapy, death, father, lung cancer, mother, oncologist, radiotherapy, rockingham, silver chain, sir charles gairdner hospital, smoking, western australia
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Movie Review: Nobody’s Fool (2018)
Frank Ochieng
Entertainment guru Tyler Perry plants his fingertips on yet another toothless comedic concoction that has more cockeyed misfires than Madea’s gun rack display. In Perry’s latest baseless romantic comedy Nobody’s Fool, more of the same formula applies; tiresome stereotypes accompanied by forced melodrama and transparent seeds of recycled zaniness. Clearly, it has been a reliable formula for Perry’s creativity in film and television throughout his career, so why should the relentlessly contrived Nobody’s Fool be any different from the previous formulaic farces that Perry force feeds his ardent admirers?
This time Perry peppers his misplaced material with spotty plotting and strained chuckles while relying on the uneven pairing of big screen beauties Tiffany Haddish (“Keanu”) and Tika Sumpter (“The Old Man & the Gun”) to carry the lopsided load of labored smirks.
Haddish, the Emmy-winning anointed “It” girl since her breakout turn in “Girls Trip,” is on board to showcase her trademark shtick as an over-the-top “loud and sassy black chick” caricature out for easy laughs. Sumpter, who currently enjoys her long-time dastardly diva role on Perry’s television serial “The Haves and the Have Nots,” is there to counter Haddish’s eye-rolling manufactured mockery. Unfortunately, the teaming of Haddish/Sumpter fails flat because, as potentially capable and striking as these women are, as a comedy connection they are undermined by the seen-it-before, slapdash script.
Danica (Sumpter) is a successful Manhattan-based advertising executive that seemingly has it all together: Good looks, materialistic stability, and a profitable, professional career. However, Danica has one glaring blemish — her questionable love life. Danica is, against better judgement, courting a mysterious online boyfriend that may be cheating on her, and her co-worker/best friend Callie (Amber Riley, “Straight Outta Oz”) is not too thrilled about it.
Enter Tanya (Haddish).
Just released after a five year prison stint, Tanya decides to crash at her sister’s posh pad. Their mother, Lola (Whoopie Goldberg, “Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles”), is fine with her offspring living as roommates just as long as Tanya stays away from her place of tranquility. Queue the obvious give-and-take between the uptight, money-making sibling and the carefree, uncouth sibling. Interestingly, Perry chooses to not go the “Cain and Abel” route to highlight the adversarial nature between the sensible Danica and seedy Tanya. Instead, he opts for more of an “Odd Couple” approach to the sisters’ quirky relationship.
Soon, Tanya agrees with Callie’s disdain towards the man Danica pledges her blind faith in, especially since, while landing a job at the coffee shop that Danica frequents on a regular basis, Tanya witnesses how her boss Frank (Omari Hardwick, “Sorry to Bother You”) has eyes for her clueless sister. Tactically, Tanya enlists MTV’s “Catfish” personalities to help reveal the true shady nature of Danica’s internet beau. Even so, Danica is frustrating because she wants to solely gamble on the affections of an unknown entity that may be double-dealing her as opposed to a checking out a humbled, flesh-and-blood barista who would cut off his right arm for her.
Indeed, Danica would appear to be someone’s fool.
Unfocused and a total mess in narrative sensibilities, Nobody’s Fool needlessly shifts gears from sister squabbling as a supposed three-way love triangle unfolds further muddling the one-note story and paper-thin plot. Perry had something quite promising — a seemingly independent well-to-do woman that does not exactly have her act together. The insecurity of an attractive professional woman hanging on to an unknown online love interest while dismissing a front-and-center suitor could have been an intriguing, unconventional premise. Sadly, Sumpter’s Danica is shallow and unlikable and it is unclear as to why she has such an aversion to considering the handsome Frank for her heart. Is Frank not good enough financially for her? When was the last time her cyberspace wooer sent her his financial portfolio? How stuck up can Danica be anyway? After all, she has a stoner mother and ex-con sister!
Of course none of that matters as the comedic keys are simply handed over to the exasperating Haddish to drive this slapstick vehicle into the ground at speed. And once again Haddish delivers the cartoonish “black woman sass” — an exhaustive and embarrassing display of foolery that is relentlessly loud and out of tune. When it comes to giving the movie masses dismissive cinematic junk, both Perry and Haddish again show audiences that we’re the fool for lining up at the box office for this trippin’ tripe.
Movie Review: Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018)
Movie Review: Get Ready With Me (2018)
Tagged: dating, internet, New York City, relationship, sisters
About Frank Ochieng
Frank Ochieng has been an online movie reviewer for various movie outlets throughout the years before coming on board at CMC. Previously, Frank had been a film critic for The Boston Banner (now The Bay State Banner) urban newspaper and had appeared on Boston's WBZ NewsRadio 1030 AM for an 11-year run as a recurring media commentator/panelist on the "Movie/TV Night" overnight broadcasts. He is a member of the Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) and the Internet Film Critics Society (IFCS). Frank is a graduate of Suffolk University in the historic section of Boston's Beacon Hill.
Movie Review: The Sun Is Also a Star (2019)
Movie Review: The Hustle (2019)
Movie Review: The Intruder (2019)
Movie Review: People’s Republic of Desire (2018)
Movie Review: Anna and the Apocalypse (2018)
Movie Review: In Fabric (2018)
Movie Review: If Beale Street Could Talk (2018)
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Nobody’s Fool (2018)
Genre(s): Comedy, Drama, Romance
Director(s): Tyler Perry
Actor(s): Amber Riley, Candace West, Courtney Henggeler, Jon Rudnitsky, Mehcad Brooks, Missi Pyle, Omari Hardwick, Tiffany Haddish, Tika Sumpter, Whoopi Goldberg
Writer(s): Tyler Perry
Producer(s): Tyler Perry, Will Areu
Studio(s): BET Films, Paramount Pictures, Tyler Perry Studios
Release Date(s): US: November 2, 2018 | UK: November 23, 2018
IMDb Info: Nobody's Fool
Official Page: Nobody's Fool
Home » Reviews » Movie Review: Nobody’s Fool (2018)
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*the fold of the artist
—towards a theory of artistic inspiration…
Tag Archives: Platonic
November 2, 2015 by Dr M. D. Bolsover
*the ‘frozen’,… —as opposition to the turbulence of movement. … —on the origins *(—the… precipitation) of the ‘mirror stage’. …
– LACAN & (THE QUESTION OF) THE “REAL” –
*(—a reading group).
Why Lacan & why the real… —? —Introduction to the reading group.
Introduction to Lacan: notes from a lecture.
Outline of a reading of ‘The Mirror Stage’.
Mirror Stage I.—the infant, the mirror, & the nature of the image.
Mirror Stage II.—‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’. (part (i).)
Mirror Stage II.—‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’. (part (ii).): Nietzsche on the intellect, language, the ‘I’ as fiction, and ‘intuition’.
Mirror Stage II.—‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’. (part (iii).): the Undivided Continuity of States. —‘analysis’, ‘duration’ & ‘intuition’ in Bergson.
Mirror Stage II.—‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’. (part (iv).): language, ‘intuition’ & flux in Nietzsche & Bergson, & the fiction of the ‘I’ in Lacan.
*the ‘frozen’,… —as opposition to the turbulence of movement.
(—on the origins *(—the… precipitation) of the ‘mirror stage’). …
[…] *freezes it and in a symmetry that reverses it, in opposition to the *|turbulent movements| with which the subject feels he *animates it.
*(Lacan, ‘The Mirror Stage’, 76).
The desire for identity, I have argued, is spurred by a more primary (so to) desire,… —a need,… —an unrealistic and (ultimately-finally) unrealisable hope,—for fixity *(—stasis). …
*—‘freezing’ turbulent’ movements (repress) beneath apparent… discretion of the form—the ‘contour’—of the ‘I’
*… —The mirror stage represents an attempt to wrest (the fiction of a) fixity-stasis (—peace and security) from the chaos of an underlying flux of movements of and within the subject (—psychological and bodily), and in(-within) its environment (surrounds-environs).
*It’s possible, then, to read (—to give an account-a reading, here, of) the origins of the ‘mirror stage’.
—In laying out this reading-account of the origins, and of the structure of the mirror stage,… I want to draw, in particular, on a key idea from the work of the Modernist critic, poet, and aesthete T.E. Hulme,… —an idea which he himself adopts(-appropriates) from the work of Wilhelm Worringer: …
*… —I want to examine the origins of the ‘mirror stage’—in-as a response to, following Hulme and Worringer, I’ll characterise here as …
*—‘space fear’.
*(—I’ll adapt-be adapting here, some material from my doctoral thesis, as well as some material which I wrote (from the point-of-view (so to) of my protagonist) for my first novel: Notes of a Vanishing Quantity *(—which I’m still trying, and failing, to publish, and which my thesis and its adaptation in this blog, are intended as a kind of a… companion piece), and which I earlier adapted for the blog of an ‘early C20th political writing’ reading group of which I was a part, under the title of: ‘towards an Ethics of Friendship’. …
*—The material from ‘Ethics’… places my own spin on ‘space fear’,… reading it (implicitly-by implication) with, or in terms of Nietzsche, Bergson, and Hulme on language and flux, and Nietzsche’s later doctrine of the ‘will to power’ *(—for my reading of the ‘will to power’, see elsewhere on this blog).
on the ‘geometric’. …
*—agoraphobia.
—at the root (—the necessity) of art in Hulme & Worringer. …
In his account of artistic inspiration in the later ‘Modern Art and Its Philosophy’ (—a lecture to the Quest Society, London, 22nd January 1914), Modernist poet and art critic T.E. Hulme appropriates Wilhelm Worringer’s concept of ‘space-shyness’… —
The fear I mean here is mental, however, not physical […] *a kind of “space-shyness” in the face of the varied confusion and arbitrariness of existence. In art this state of mind results in *a desire to create a certain *|abstract geometrical shape|, which, being durable and permanent shall be a refuge from the *flux and impermanence of *outside nature.
In the reproduction of natural objects there is an attempt to *purify them of their characteristically living qualities in order to make them necessary and immovable. *The changing is translated into something fixed and necessary.
*(—in T.E, Hulme, Speculations: Essays on Humanism and the Philosophy of Art, ed. Herbert Read, with a Frontispiece and Foreword by Jacob Epstein (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.; 1924), 86)
For Hulme, in contrast to ‘vital’ art, which is inspired by a ‘delight in the forms of nature’,… —artistic inspiration in ‘geometric’ art *(—functioning here as a kind of pseudonym, I’d argue, for Hulme’s own conception of ‘classical’ art, which I won’t go into here… ) stems from a state of fear of the confused and arbitrary—the inchoate—flux of the phenomena of ‘outside nature’. …
*—This… ‘space-fear’ gives birth to a desire to imbue the flux of external phenomena with a static form, or ‘shape’.
Just as ‘vital’ art, for Hulme, ‘geometric’ art still aims at the reproduction of natural objects. …
However,… *—in ‘geometric’ art this reproduction aims to ‘purify’ phenomena, sloughing off all that is contingent in them, and drawing out all that is ‘necessary’, imbuing them with permanence and redeeming experience from its contingency.
Hulme’s terms are a verbatim repetition of those of Worringer. …
*—In a passage which I love… —I think it’s stunningly astute, and uncannily accurate, on the psychology of the motivation to write—to attempt to create art… —Worringer identifies ‘an immense spiritual dread of space’ at *‘the root of artistic creation’ in what he calls ‘the urge to abstraction’.
*(—Wilhelm Worringer, Abstraction and Empathy: A Contribution to the Psychology of Style, trans. Michael Bullock [London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1953],—15)… —
[It is] because he [the artist of ‘abstraction’/—the abstract artist… ] stands so lost and spiritually helpless *amidst |the things of the external world|, because he experiences only obscurity and caprice in the inter-connection and flux of the phenomena of the external world, that the *urge is strong in him to *divest the things of the external world of their caprice and obscurity in the world-picture and to *impart to them a value of necessity and value of regularity. *(—18)
Worringer distinguishes this ‘fear’ in the *‘urge to abstraction’ from the *‘urge to empathy’, which, he argues, represents— *‘a happy pantheistic relationship of confidence between man and the phenomena of the external world.’ (15)
(hmm). …
Hulme first refers to this ‘fear’ (—agoraphobic) in ‘A Lecture on Modern Poetry’ (—c.1908). …
In this earlier piece, however, he relegates it to the sole possession of the ‘ancients’ and distinguishes the relativity and rejection of ‘absolute truth’ characteristic of the ‘modern spirit’. (—see T.E. Hulme: Selected Writings, ed., Patrick McGuinness, (Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1998), 59-67 [62-63])
—It’s not until the later piece that he fully incorporates Worringer’s conception of ‘space-fear’ into his own definition of the ‘classical’ and modern art.
*(—see Helen Carr ‘T.E. Hulme and the “Spiritual Dread of Space”’ in Edward P. Comentale and Andrzej Gasiorck, ed., T.E. Hulme and the Question of Modernism [—Aldershot, Burlington: Ashgate, 2006,—93-112 *[—esp. 103]). …
*… —to retrieve (redeem)—to save—experience, then,… —from the sense of its being inessential and lost.—without meaning or (necessary) consequence.
—without purpose or import.
—arbitrary, floating and haphazard.
*—infinitely replaceable.
(—nothing substantial, nothing essential, nothing that stands). …
—to redeem experience from the overwhelming mass—the flux—of forces (—events, possibilities, obligations-demands, desires, anxieties…), uncontrollable and vast.
(—a resentment of…).
—space-fear.
Hulme appropriates what he sees-defines as Worringer’s insight into what lies at the very *root of art. …
*—‘abstraction’.
—that, at ‘the root of artistic creation’, lies ‘an immense spiritual dread of space’.
(against, what Worringer calls, the ‘urge to empathy’: that ‘happy pantheistic relationship of confidence between man and the phenomena of the external world’.)
—gives rise (birth) to the (artistic) ‘urge to abstraction’:
… —the fear of the (apparent) vastness of space (paradoxical as it might nonetheless seem) is in fact revealed as a fear-resentment of (life’s)smallness.
—to be overwhelmed in the face of the vastness—the vast expanse of forces (felt) in the external world, that run counter to the will—to the willed…
(—would will, if could.).
—agoraphobic.
—fear.—of an incapacity to control.—a resentment of the smallness of the lived.
(frustration the incapacity to exceed the limits of circumstance circumscribed, and realise the potential-desired, felt).
to be caught (inescapably) in-within the smallness of what must be lived (circumstance) at the cost of the all-else that could (—that ought?) to be lived.
—to fix the lived (—the impression) in a fixed form. in a form which makes (which renders) it necessary.
—to record the impression—atomically (—faithfully).—find (to use) the precise—exact—words.
—qualification.
—qualification of (the expression of) the impression.—precision-accuracy
(full—complete—honesty/accuracy.—as honest as can). …
—and slough off the inessential…
to fix the core of the experience and render it sharp, hard and precise (‘geometric’).—to give it a shape.
make the lived necessary.—by virtue of its being a form…
(existence—having existed-lived—become necessary to the creation of the form and become necessary through its own embodiment within—imbued with—the form).
to redeem (to show—to reveal—the already redemption of) the lived, in-by recognition.—of the work (—the image).—of the attempt to articulate the intuition.
recognition (—approbation?).—to be recognised.
a need.—to have the sense of an intuition recognised.
something worthy of being communicated (—set down).
recognition of the need (the compulsion) to set it down.
to create a solid, stable object that demonstrates the necessity of experience. makes experience-the lived necessary to itself,—to its own creation.
a yearning (—an ache) to realise and to communicate and to have that feeling-sense be recognised (and be shared-requited).
to be recognised as self in another-others and reflected.
to be known (and to be loved).
in-between space-fear, then, and the desire (the need) for recognition…
—language.—flux.
—the fiction of the ‘thing’(—the ‘self’). …
an art of reading. …
—of the structure (—the shape) of the impression-impressions.
… —of the forces.—physical: movements, pressures.—of the senses: light, colour, touch, smell, sound… —of the emotional.—of connections in-of memorial-remembered (memories—conjured up, so to).
—of the competing impulses of which the impression is comprised-composed.—their arrangement, their relation to one another and their (relative) prominence.
in any given moment.
—all urges. drives. impulses.
and all compete (struggle) for balance, for clarity, for order,—for dominance.
and the balance-order, at any one given moment, is what decides what I am (to be).
—the ‘self’.
*—the ‘self’ (the… sense of ‘self’), then, as a fiction. …
—the result (the end) of a process of struggle (negotiation) of—between—drives and forces.
—the name (retrospective)-naming, thus, of the arrangement—the hierarchy—of forces.
in (within) an organism.
an imposition of language…
—imposed on flux
—a multiplicity of forces (of sub-wills).
a projection.—a fiction of unity projected onto the flux of forces.
—language (linguistic).
—the origin and the history of a ‘thing’ (of any given thing): first, a projection—projecting back a name—onto an arrangement-heirarchy of forces.
and second—a forgetting of (that act of) projection (that act of creation).
the name—the forged thing—taken to be (the) real.
(because—for Nietzsche, following Kant… —all that we can have access to and thus have knowledge of are the objects of everyday experience. because we cannot think outside the limits of our senses, we take those objects of experience to be real—in-themselves. … ).
any ‘thing’ in existence, then, has (must have)—come about…
—as the result of a continuing process of naming (—names).
—a continual (continued,—continuing) process of being (having been) interpreted.
—from the retrospective imposition of a unity (—of unities) upon the flux that flows always (anyway) beneath.
(—beneath the names).
upon the flux of forces.
—upon a (any given) quantum of reality…
—always being appropriated and (re-)transformed…
—continually being undone and remade (—re-named).—re-forged…
—appropriated by (—linguistic) forces. overpowered.
—from without.
—the history, then, of any (given) ‘thing’, then, is a chain of signs (of names, of naming…).
always unfolding.
—a history, then, of *interpretations….
*—of adaptations. …
not (no, never) a progress-thus progressive.
(—no ‘goal’,—no ‘end’).
only ever a series (—a succession) of—mutually independent—processes.
—of appropriation.
of adaptation. …
—exacted on the (given) quantum of reality.
(—of resistances, then, and of overpowerings).
*… —the form and the meaning of a ‘thing’ (—of any given thing), then, is fluid (always)
as in the process of the formation of language.
first: the stimulus of sense-sense-stimulus.
(a sight, a sound, a scent.—an impression)…
transposed-translated into a word (—a sound).—from a need (felt) to discharge the (physical-physiological,—psychological) reaction to the stimulus.
(the word as a metaphor—as first metaphor—for the stimulus felt).
when many such similar impressions are yoked together (—grouped), under the aegis of a single word, that word becomes a concept.
—a name for a group—a cluster—of experiences (impressions), which serves to yoke them all together according to the similarities that they share.
(and must overlook—must elide—all the differences between them.
—crude (unsubtle)…).
the concept.—second metaphor.
(at two removes, then, from the sense-stimulus which gives birth-rise to it).
—the formation of the concept of the ‘leaf’…
—formed by discarding the differences between all (of those) individual leaves.
(—awakens the idea that, in addition to all those individual, incompatible, leaves, there exists—in nature (somehow, somewhere)—some ür,—some ideal ‘leaf’,—from which, in some way-fashion, all those other leaves,—descend…
—the (Platonic) Idea(-Form). …).
—‘analysis’ (—to borrow ol’ Bergson’s term). …
*—breaks down—fragments—its subject (—the flux) into parts-thus elements (—‘things’).—all made to participate with other fragmented elements in-under—pre-existing—concepts.
the break down (—breaking down) of-in-within ‘analysis’… *—art (after a fashion). …
—in the forgetting of that (act of) art (—creation)—the (mistaken) taking of the fragment-‘thing’ as-for a thing-in-itself (—as-for the real. …).
—the ‘self’, then.—a word. …
(—a name.—an ideal thus.—impossible to hold to,—impossible to attain identity with.—thrust upon on, thus, from without,—in linguistic…).
a fiction.
beneath the veneer, then, of (supposéd) ‘things’ (—of what we come to think of, then, as ‘experience’).—beneath the membrane (the skein) of artificial fragmented atoms—of ‘things’ in-of conceptual space, and of ‘moments’ in conceptual time—there subsists a foundation (—a substrate) of undifferentiated ‘states’.
—the flux of an undivided continuity of ‘states’.
—apparently mutually exclusive and autonomous, these ‘states’ thus nonetheless interpenetrate, enfolding (down, within themselves) all the states which led-up-to (preceded) their emergence, and, again, unfolding, ineluctably, into all those states which are to (must) follow (in the future yet). …
—forming, then, (just) one reality, nonetheless, however paradoxical it may seem, comprised of this continual flux of successive ‘states’.
after a time, through habitual use (—familiarity)—convention—the concept (concepts) become empty—flat and stale—and elide (ignore) the details and the variations (—the engine of the difference) between things.
—no longer maintain any connection to the sense-stimulus from which they originally evolved-arose (no use value any more.—no connection to the quanta they were born to name—to which they, in effect, gave birth).
—clichés.
*on Lacan, then, & ‘space fear’ (—the ‘geometric’ … ). …
*Before the establishment of relations-relationships between the subject (—through the ego = “I”) and-to a world of discrete ‘things’… … *—the (‘Nietzschean’-‘Bergsonian’, so to) flux—of an undivided continuity of ‘states’. …
—In the face of which—in response to which—the subject feels (of necessity), then,—overwhelmed… —imperilled (threatened). …
—experiences *‘space fear’ (agoraphobic). …
[The abstract artist/artist of ‘abstraction’… ] experiences only obscurity and caprice in the inter-connection and flux of the phenomena of the external world, that the *urge is strong in him to *divest the things of the external world of their caprice and obscurity in the world-picture and to *impart to them a value of necessity and value of regularity. (Worringer, Abstraction and Empathy,—18)
—In response to ‘space fear’ (—agoraphobia)… *(… —no way to engage with-to relate to ‘outside nature’. … —no way to defend against-fend off the peril in-of chaotic flux), then,… —a necessity (felt)—an *urge—… to impart discretion upon the otherwise fearful, inchoate flux. …
*—the imposition of language. …
… —selection. … —the selective culling of forces, impulses,… of—detail, from flux: highlighting—bounding round, with (an only ever apparent) contour, of some,… —the elision or suppression of others. …
*—the creation of the fiction—the artistic projection—of ‘thinghood’ *(so to—in space, and in-of time),…
*—the creation of the fiction of the ‘I’. …
*—the divestiture of caprice, and the imparting of discretion (stasis). …
*Lacan,… and the ‘frozen’ (—‘freezes’) as opposition to ‘tubulent movements’ *(—the turbulent movements in-of the flux of the organism. … ).
—that which underpins (so to) and precipitates ‘the mirror stage’—
—an attempted ‘geometric’ (—the form-formal outline—contour—of the image of the body… —appropriated in-to (the artistic fictional projection of) the “I”) remedy for, the desire-need (felt) for fixity-stasis,…
*—the-a fear (—agoraphobic) of space, and of flux. …
*The ‘mirror stage’, then, as—the appropriation, or the… pulling, of the non-/pre-egoistic subject (so to—sic?) into extant (pre-existing) orders/structures (—the legislation, in early-Nietzschean terms) of language.
*as *(—the formation of)— *the I that says “I”. …
*—the ‘ideal I’.
I want to move on now, then,—to examine the nature of that ‘ideal’ (there) in more detail, and the way in which (I think) it can provide a hook into thinking about the *‘real’… —ontology in Lacan *(—Lacan’s ‘ontology’ … ), and can serve to qualify some of the ideas I developed in my readings of Nietzsche and Bergson on language and the nature of flux. …
Tagged 'The Mirror Stage', Abstraction and Empathy, adaptation, agoraphobia, art, Bergson, classical, ego, flux, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson, I, Idea, ideal, Jacques Lacan, Kant, Lacan, language, Mirror Phase, mirror stage, Modernism, Modernist, name, Nietzsche, Plato, Platonic, Psychoanalysis, REAL, space fear, stasis, T.E. Hulme, the real, the will to power, Wilhelm Worringer, will to power, Worringer
October 12, 2015 by Dr M. D. Bolsover
*—towards a reading of Lacan’s ‘The Mirror Stage’. … —PART II. on ‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’: Nietzsche on the intellect, language, the ‘I’ as fiction, and ‘intuition’.
Mirror Stage II.—‘space fear’, & the ‘ideal’. (part (i).) …
*PART II. —on ‘space fear’ & the ‘ideal’. …
*—Nietzsche on the intellect, language, the ‘I’ as fiction, & ‘intuition’. …
*(the following is taken from: … *I. – Intuition, Flux and Anti-metaphysics between ‘On Truth and Lies [in a Nonmoral Sense]’ and The Birth of Tragedy.—Nietzsche’s early Schopenhauerian—anti-Schopenhauerianism… ).
*Nietzsche, ‘On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense’, trans. Daniel Breazeale, in The Blackwell’s Nietzsche Reader ed. Keith Ansell Pearson and Duncan Large (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2006),—114-123.
*In ‘On Truth and Lies in Nonmoral Sense’, Nietzsche criticises what he sees as the arrogance of the human claim to knowledge, through the intellect, of the value of existence. …
*—He contests what he argues is the conceit of the intellect and the attempt to extend its remit beyond the… realm (so to) of human experience.
—For Nietzsche, the concepts of the intellect are anthropomorphisms.
—In an ironic inversion of perhaps the most obvious and straightforward valuation of the intellect—as some form of vehicle for ascertaining the truth or the value of existence—Nietzsche characterises it as the very paragon of ‘dissimulation’,—‘allotted to these most unfortunate, delicate, and ephemeral beings merely as a device for detaining them a minute within existence.’ (114-115)
The intellect lies as a sort of a veil over existence as a means for the creation and the preservation of the individual (—the subject).
—Without the intellect, Nietzsche argues, existence itself would be unbearable.
Whilst the intellect appears ostensibly as the means to knowledge and to truth, Nietzsche argues that its primary function is to conceal the plethora of phenomena which threaten to overwhelm the individual. …
—It’s not, that is, as it might appear, a means to self-knowledge but, instead, to self-deception…
What does man actually know about himself? Is he, indeed, ever able to perceive himself completely, as if laid out in a lighted display case? Does nature not conceal most things from him – even concerning his own body – in order to confine and lock him within a proud, deceptive consciousness, aloof from the coils of the bowels, the rapid flow of the blood stream, and the intricate quivering of the fibers! (115)
For Nietzsche,… —natural existence constitutes a chaotic flux… —comprised of natural drives and processes *(—‘coils of the bowels’, ‘rapid flow of the blood stream’,… —‘the intricate quivering of the fibers!’ … ).
(and this, I think, is especially important in the context of the current discussion of the ‘image’ and the ‘I’ in Lacan. … )
*—The intellect, then, is an epiphenomenal, (a—prosthetic… —?) *artistic creation,… —appended to (sub-intellectual,… —sub-egoistic,… —sub-conscious) flux—in order to repress or to suppress it, and thus to render the individual subject (—subjectivity) possible, in order, in turn, to preserve the organism against the suffering that a conscious awareness of, and inability to escape from, the confusion and contradiction this flux would inevitably give rise to.
—By intimation, for Nietzsche, a thoroughgoing knowledge of the effect of physiological drives on consciousness, which the intellect is engendered precisely in order to prohibit, is necessary for any accurate self-perception and self-comprehension to be possible.
*(—‘n’ I think ol’ Fritz is essentially reiterating and expanding upon this point in the ‘Preface’ to On the Genealogy of Morality… —
We are unknown to ourselves, we knowers, we ourselves, to ourselves, and there is good reason for this […] like somebody divinely absent-minded and sunk in his own thoughts, who, the twelve strokes of midday having just boomed into his ears, wakes with a start and wonders ‘What hour struck?’, sometimes we too, afterwards rub our ears and ask, astonished, taken aback, ‘What did we actually experience then?’ or even, ‘Who are we, in fact?’ […] We remain strange to ourselves out of necessity, we do not understand ourselves, we must confusedly mistake who we are, the motto ‘everyone is furthest from himself’ applies to us forever,—we are not ‘knowers’ when it comes to ourselves…
*(On the Genealogy of Morality, trans. Carol Diethe, ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003] ‘Preface,’ §I, 3-4: emphases Nietzsche’s own here. … )
Nietzsche argues that by virtue of the nature of our conception of ‘knowing’; that is, the nature of the intellect and its repression of the flux of natural drives, we must remain unknown to, and alienated from, ourselves.
In this passage Nietzsche implicitly reiterates the notion of the necessity of this alienation.
… —True self-knowledge and self-identity must remain impossible if the individual (the subject), and thus morality, are to be maintained.
It’s possible, at least to a certain degree, to read Nietzsche’s claim that no genealogist prior to himself has yet enquired as to the true origins and evolution of morality, as a claim that each has had an ineluctable stake in the maintenance of the illusion of subjectivity. … ).
*—in a note from one of his later notebooks (—of April – June, 1885), Nietzsche provides an apposite summary of his overarching critique of the concept of notion of the unified subject…
If I have anything of a unity within me, it certainly doesn’t lie in the conscious “I” and in feeling, willing, thinking, but somewhere else: in the sustaining, appropriating, expelling, watchful prudence of my whole organism, of which my conscious self is only a tool.
*(—Nietzsche, Writings from the Late Notebooks, trans. Kate Sturge, ed. Rudiger Bittner [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 2003,—34[46], 2-3 [2].
… —on the ‘self’—*the ‘I’—as a fiction, especially in relation to Nietzsche’s doctrine of ‘the will to power’, see the following entries: 34[54]-34[55], 4; 34[131], 9-10; 35[35], 20-21; 37[4], 29-30; 38[8], 36-37; 40[42], 46; 1[58], 59-60; 1[87], 61; 2[91], 77; 2[152], 91; 2[158], 92; 2[193], 96-97; 5[3], 106; 7[1], 127-129; 7[63], 140; 9[91], 154-157; 10[19], 178-179; 11[73], 212-213; 11[113], 221-222; 11[120], 223-224; 14[79], 245-247. ).
*—the ‘I’ of the (conscious) ‘self’ here appears, then, as a ‘tool’ for the processes of the sustenance of the ‘organism’: … —of the incorporation of necessary experiences and energies and the purgation of superfluous experience and energies.
*(… —I want to come back to this notion—of the ‘I’ as (merely) a kind of epiphenomenal ‘tool’ for the manifold drives, forces, and processes in-of the organism… *—the ‘I’, then, as more or less useful-practical fiction. … —in my reading of Lacan. … ).
Nietzsche argues that language represents the means employed by the intellect toward this end.
*—His critique of the intellect represents a theory of the formation of language… —concerned with the origins and evolution of words and concepts.
*In The Beginnings of Nietzsche’s Theory of Language, Claudia Crawford argues that Nietzsche’s account of the formation of words and concepts represents their division into two separate languages. …
—The first constitutes an ‘unconscious formal language arising as the product of the instincts,’ whilst the latter constitutes ‘the translation of this unconscious language into the conscious language of fixity according to convention’.
*(see—Claudia Crawford, The Beginnings of Nietzsche’s Theory of Language [Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1988],—202).
*—The formation of this first, unconscious and instinctual language is a two-stage metaphorical process. First, ‘a nerve stimulus is transferred into an image [Bild].’—In an unconscious and instinctual reaction to a sensible stimulus the mind forms an image—a mental picture—of that stimulus. This is the ‘first metaphor’…
In the second, ‘the image, in turn, is imitated in a sound.’ (116)—The process evolves from the translation and transposition of a sensible stimulus into a mental image, to the further translation of this image (and not of the original stimulus itself) into a sound.
*—This is Nietzsche’s—naturalistic (so to speak)—account of the emergence of language.
—The word is formed as ‘a purely natural reaction to a stimulus, whether a cry, a scream, or any other sound, it is primarily an action which reduces the tension created by the perception of the stimulus.’ (Crawford, 203)—The formation of words is an attempt to articulate and discharge the natural reaction to a sensible stimulus.
For Nietzsche, a word becomes a concept at the point at which it transcends its function as referring solely to the unique, original experience ‘to which it owes its origin’:
‘a word becomes a concept insofar as it simultaneously has to fit countless more or less similar cases,’—‘cases which are never equal and thus altogether unequal.’—The word emerges as a response to a particular stimulus (as a vocalisation of the image). It becomes a concept at the point at which a vast field of such experiences are reduced to a small number of similarities and yoked under the aegis of a single word. (117)
For Nietzsche, the concept represents the elision of the differences between diverse experiences (stimuli) and the attempt to equate unequal phenomena. (ibid. …
—Nietzsche gives the example of the concept of the ‘leaf’. …
In a parody, and a rejection, of the Platonic Idea, or Form, he argues that the concept of the leaf is formed by arbitrarily discarding—by forgetting—the differences between individual leaves:
This awakens the idea that, in addition to the leaves, there exists in nature the “leaf”: the original model according to which all the leaves were perhaps woven, sketched, measured, colored, curled, and painted – but by incompetent hands, so that no specimen has turned out to be a correct, trustworthy, and faithful likeness of the original model.
—For Nietzsche, the claim to know that such a self-identical Idea or ‘original model’ (the concept) inheres in things is a projection and false hypostatisation. … ).
—Utility gives birth to both the word and the concept in response to (—deeply felt) needs. …
—The individual word emerges from the need to discharge and articulate a particular sensible experience and stands at two removes from this original stimulus.
The concept emerges from a need for this original articulation to be transmitted to and to be understood by others, and thus stands at three removes from the original stimulus.
Nietzsche defines this process as *the invention of designation: the ‘legislation of language’.
It’s in this establishment of communal (linguistic) convention, Nietzsche argues, that ‘the contrast between truth and lies arises for the first time.’… —In other words, the concept arises from need to reduce the plurality of experience to a finite set of linguistic conventions in order to be able to establish a social-cultural-political consensus. (cf. 115)
Nietzsche argues that by virtue of their artificiality and elision of difference, all— ‘truths’, or concepts of the intellect, are, in reality, lies. …
—After the advent of the legislation of language, the concept of the ‘liar’ comes to designate the person who misuses the terms sanctioned by consensus for selfish or harmful ends by making ‘something which is unreal appear to be real’. What linguistically enabled human beings avoid, Nietzsche argues, is not deception itself—for this is of the quintessence of language—but being harmed by deception…
*—‘Truth,’ for Nietzsche, represents ‘the duty which society imposes in order to exist: to be truthful means to employ the usual metaphors’. (117) …
*Importantly for this comparison with Lacan and my reading of ‘The Mirror Stage… For Nietzsche (in ‘On Truth’)—language is first engendered in order to suppress the chaotic flux and multiplicity of natural drives in order to render the individual possible as a *fictitious unity. …
—The intellect, its concepts, and the notions of truth and lies are engendered as a necessary consequence of this individuation, in order to render communal linguistic consensus and thus society itself, possible.
Like the individual, ‘truth,’ for Nietzsche, is an artifice.—‘Truth’ is *art (—an artwork)…
What then is truth? A movable host of metaphors, metonymies, and anthropomorphisms: in short, a sum of human relations which have been poetically and rhetorically intensified, transferred, and embellished, and which, after long usage, seem to a people to be fixed, canonical, and binding. Truths are illusions which we have forgotten are illusions; they are metaphors that have become worn out and have been drained of sensuous force, coins which have lost their embossing and are now considered as metal and no longer as coins. (117)
—For Nietzsche, ‘truth’ appears as a projection of epiphenomenal, and purely human, utilitarian physiological, psychological and social fabrications. What is crucial for Nietzsche is that this act of artistic projection, and the subsequent artificial legislation of language to which it gives rise, are not recognised by their human progenitors as the works of art which they in fact are.—The original linguistic act of creation is inevitably followed, then, by an act of forgetting: ‘Truths are illusions which we have forgotten are illusions’. The forgetting of the artistic origin and nature of language allows for the hypostatisation (the poetic or rhetorical intensification) of concepts and the false belief that they correspond absolutely to things as they are in themselves.
—Through an ironic inversion, Nietzsche argues that truths are revealed as lies.
*a seeming paradox, then. … *—the condition of the possibility of ‘truth’, is seen to rest on a foundation of falsehood, upon which it is utterly dependent.
*[…]
*—Nietzsche opposes his thesis of the three stages of: …
(i)—the artistic projection,
(ii)—the repression of the memory of act of projection
and (iii)—the subsequent hypostatisation of the concepts of the intellect, …
to what he argues is the false consciousness that they correspond absolutely to a metaphysical reality:
Truths are illusions which we have forgotten are illusions; they are metaphors that have become worn out and have been drained of sensuous force, coins which have lost their embossing and are now considered as metal and no longer as coins. (Nietzsche, ‘On Truth’, 117)
—Through the gradual process of their hypostatisation, the concepts of the intellect become stale and dead metaphors, which, Nietzsche argues, no longer retain any connection to, or use value for, experience.
—They’re no longer able to capture ‘vivid first impressions’. (118)
—They become little more than the mode of expression of a (Platonic) philosophical and of a moral prejudice.
*For Nietzsche, existing concepts, as ‘abstractions’ and petrified prejudices, serve to distort human life. …
*—In order to overcome the stultification of the exhausted metaphors of the concepts, and in order to revivify the fundamentally artistic drive of the intellect and grasp ‘vivid first impressions,’ Nietzsche opposes ‘intuition’ *(—Anschauung) to the conceptual:
[The intellect] will now be guided by intuitions rather than by concepts. There is no regular path which leads from these intuitions into the land of ghostly schemata, the land of abstractions. There exists no word for these intuitions: when man sees them he grows dumb, or else he speaks only in forbidden metaphors and in unheard-of combinations of concepts. He does this so that by shattering and mocking the old conceptual barriers he may at least correspond creatively to the impression of the powerful and present intuition. (118)
For Nietzsche, the intensely undergone aesthetic experience—the ‘impression’—of the ‘powerful’ and ‘present’ ‘intuition’, lies outwith the field of possible experience outlined, sanctioned and policed by the concepts of extant linguistic convention.
The intellect, he argues, is driven by the need to articulate—to ‘correspond creatively’ to—this experience. In order for this to be possible, it is necessary to lacerate the petrified or stultified surface of the ‘ghostly’ Platonic abstractions of the concepts,—bereft of life, and lacking in both substance and any direct, visceral connection to the reality (so to) of lived experience.
*—… In the articulation of the intuition, the intellect becomes enmeshed in a process of the bathetic (—‘mocking’) reanimation of the concepts, smashing the ‘framework’ of the concepts ‘to pieces’, throwing it into a state of confusion, and ‘pairing the most alien things and separating the closest.’ (122)
In stark contrast to the ‘distortion’ of life, which he argues is implicitly at stake in the forgetting of the act of creation, and false—‘Platonic’—reification, of the concepts of conventional linguistic experience, ‘intuition’, as a projected philosophical method of the future, is defined, for Nietzsche, by its capacity for self-conscious ‘dissimulation’, enacted with a good (—a clear) conscience.
*—Intuition sets the intellect free, and the liberated intellect in turn ‘copies human life’ in its new bathetic, monstrous, hybridised metaphors. …
In contrast to the hardened veneer of the extant concepts, inaugurated and preserved as a crutch for the ‘needy man’ (—the ‘servant’, who requires the legislation of an uncritically accepted linguistic order in order to be able to function and to—persevere… )—‘the means by which weaker, less robust individuals preserve themselves’… —the intellect, freed through intuition, is enabled to become the ‘master’ of life and of ‘deception’. (122) Freed from its former ‘slavery’, the intellect ‘copies human life, but it considers this life to be something good’ and no longer needing to be redeemed or justified through falsely hypostatised, artistically projected (Platonic) concepts.
Tagged 'The Mirror Stage', anti-metaphysics, anti-transcendental, art, Bergson, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson, Idea, intellect, intuition, Jacques Lacan, Lacan, language, metaphor, mirror, Mirror Phase, mirror stage, Nietzsche, On Truth and Lies, On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense, Plato, Platonic, Platonism, self
June 1, 2015 by Dr M. D. Bolsover
*on the ‘classical’ vs. the ‘romantic’ in Joyce, Nietzsche, and T.E. Hulme
*(—follows on from ‘Art and Life’ (from the ‘epiphany’ to the ‘esthetic image’), ‘a paean’, ‘the image.—vs. Platonic ressentiment’, and ‘—toward a disruptive, anti-transcendental “classicism”’. …)
*on the ‘image’.—vs. Platonic ressentiment.
—part (ii)…
*—the ‘classical’.—vs. the ‘romantic’
(—in Joyce, Nietzsche, & T.E. Hulme.) …
It would lead you to believe that he had in mind symbolism or idealism, the supreme quality of beauty being a light from some other world, the idea of which the matter is but a shadow, the reality of which it is but the symbol. (Joyce, Portrait, *—230).
(Hmm.).
*—In the ‘Art and Life’ ‘paper’ which Stephen delivers to the Literary and Historical Society of his college in Stephen Hero, he defines literature in terms of two contrasting and competing artistic ‘tempers’: *—the ‘romantic’ and the ‘classical’.
*(SH, 83. *—See also, Joyce’s own ‘James Clarence Mangan’ article (—of 1902),—CW, 53-60, where he refers to ‘the classical and romantic schools’ [53.—emphasis added here.]).
—In terms, of which I’d maintain (at least) the later rejection of: ‘a light from some other world, the idea of which the matter is but a shadow, the reality of which it is but the symbol’ in-of Portrait forms (-represents) an… echo, or a reiteration, Stephen (in his earlier textual incarnation in Stephen Hero) defines the ‘romantic’ as an—*‘unsatisfied, impatient temper which sees no fit abode here for its ideals and chooses therefore to behold them under insensible figures’. …
(—SH, 83. And I’d argue that this represents a clarification of sorts of an almost identical and yet perhaps more intemperate passage in ‘James Clarence Mangan’… —
The romantic school is often and grievously misinterpreted not more by others than its own, for that impatient temper which, as it could see no fit abode here for its ideals, chose to behold them under insensible figures, comes to disregard certain limitations, and, because these figures are blown high and low by the mind that conceived them, comes at times to regard them as feeble shadows moving aimlessly about the light, obscuring it. [53]
… ).
*Stephen, then, castigates what he calls the—*‘romantic temper’ in art, for its idealism:
… a seeking after an ideal-ideals,—a disappointment with life’s inability to furnish that ideal (—those ideals), frustration and dissatisfaction with, and a (subsequent-resultant) renunciation of, lived experience *(—of life): ‘no fit abode here’…, and a presentation of its ‘ideals’ through ‘insensible figures’: —I’d argue intentionally reminiscent of Yeats’s definition of the symbol as the ‘expression of some invisible essence, a transparent lamp about a spiritual flame’, and what Chadwick lucidly and concisely dubs the ‘built in obscurity’ of (transcendental) Symbolism *(—on this, see: *‘on the image vs. the “symbol”’).
And so,… (why ever not?) …
*—Following (on from) my reading of Joyce’s ironic appropriation of the terms of Aquinas’s account of ‘Beauty’ in the evolution of the concept of the ‘epiphany’ (—in-of Stephen Hero) to the (‘esthetic’) *‘image’ (of Portrait) *(see: ‘on “Art & Life”.’ [—link].), I’m now in a position, I feel, to argue that it’s the terms of this castigation of the ‘romantic’ which are (implicitly) at stake in Stephen’s rejection of the ‘Platonic’ metaphysics in-of ‘symbolism and idealism’ in his definition of the ‘image’ in his later textual incarnation in Portrait.
—I’ve already argued that Stephen’s interpretation of Aquinas’ claritas and definition of the ‘image’, represents the refinement of the earlier concept of the ‘epiphany’. …
*—I want to go further here, and argue that, although the terms may not appear explicitly in Portrait,… his rejection of a ‘Yeatsian’ (or, at perhaps at the very least,—‘Yeats-esque’ (?—sic)) ‘Platonic’ aesthetical metaphysics, represents the synthesis (so to) of the ‘epiphany’—or, perhaps rather,—its *incorporation … —with the terms of Stephen’s rejection of the ‘romantic’, and subsequent definition—and championing—of the ‘classical’, in-of Stephen Hero (—these terms being drawn from Joyce’s own early critical writing).
*—To conceive of the ‘image’ in-of Portrait as the refinement of the ‘epiphany’, and its implicit incorporation with the earlier material on the ‘classical’ (—vs. the ‘romantic) in this way, I’ll argue, places the text—intellectually and philosophically—in a close relationship to the terms of Nietzsche’s writing on art, T.E. Hulme’s writing on Modern art and Bergson’s philosophy, and to (/as well as) the terms and manifestoes of self-styled neo-classical Modernism more broadly.
* … —To read the terms of Nietzsche’s writing on art, Hulme’s conception of Modern art and reading of Bergsonian philosophy, and the Modernist manifestoes and works, can reveal a parallel, or (perhaps rather) parallels, that can help define what’s at stake, philosophically, in the ‘romantic’ and the ‘classical’,… *(that is)—the philosophical underpinnings (foundations) and consequences for art *(—form, style, and its proper subject matter) of the ‘image’. …
*—In Stephen Hero (and this is also true of Joyce’s own early critical writing),—it’s specifically over—and against—the… otherworldly life-renunciation, at stake within what he defines as the ‘romantic’, that Stephen offers his definition of the ‘classical’. …
*—‘The classical temper on the other hand, ever mindful of limitations, chooses rather to bend upon these present things and so to work upon them and fashion them that the quick intelligence may go beyond them to their meaning which is still unuttered.’ (283) …
*(Cf. ‘James Clarence Mangan’, 53.—Also Stanislaus Joyce, My Brother’s Keeper. …
—Stanislaus cites Joyce’s rejection of ‘poets for whom only what is imaginary possesses poetic value’, against which he posits Joyce’s conception of poetry that seeks ‘to capture moods and impressions, often tenuous moods and elusive impressions, by means of verbal witchery that magnetizes the mind like a spell, and imports a wonder and grace’. [—166]. …).
*—For Stephen,… —the ‘classical’ artist, in contrast to the ‘romantic’, retains an ineradicable consciousness, then, of their finitude,—their… rootedness (sic—so to) in-within the everyday. …
—They don’t seek, then, as does the ‘romantic’ artist, to exceed or to escape these bounds. …
—Instead,… the ‘classical’ artist focuses (—‘bends’…) upon the ‘here’ (and the now) of contemporaneous experience, and upon ‘present things’, in order to present experience and the objects of experience in such a way as to communicate their ‘meaning’…
*—the ‘proper conditions’ of the (‘esthetic’) image. …
*… —‘Art is not an escape from life. It’s just the very opposite. Art, on the contrary, is the very central expression of life. An artist is not a fellow who dangles a mechanical heaven before the public. The priest does that. The artist affirms out of the fullness of his own life, he creates…’. *(SH,—90-91)
*And the terms of this—rejection of the ‘romantic’ (—of the ‘romantic temper’)—of its… ‘idealism’ and (thus concomitant) incapacity to find what it’s looking for in(-within) life, and its (subsequent) desire, then, to *escape from life (—into the supposéd: ‘infinite’…)—and championing (by direct contrast) of the ‘classical’, it seems clear to me (at least) anyway, provide the foundation for a direct and a mutually illuminating comparison between the terms of Stephen’s aesthetic theory and those in-of Nietzsche’s later writing on art. …
*(though, as I said in *‘a paean’,… —I’m aware that the terms themselves, and the debate between the differing and often opposed artistic schools or movements they inspired (—who may have rallied, so to, at one time or another, beneath their respective banners), goes back much further than Nietzsche. …
*—Hegel, for example, had used the terms in his ‘Aesthetics’ (which I want to write about elsewhere. eventually…), and they go back at least as far as Pope’s Augustan neo-classicism in the C18th (which Wordsworth later vociferously criticised and rejected in ‘The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads’), and to Goethe and Schiller…
—There is, in essence, far more to be said then about the (terms) ‘classical’ and ‘romantic’,… but I’m going to focus here on their use by-within, and thus the mutually illuminating parallel between, Nietzsche and neo-classical Modernism, and try to demonstrate the place of Stephen’s aesthetic theory and Joyce’s writing in relation to both… ).
*—The terms of Stephen’s rejection of the ‘romantic’ and championing of the ‘classical’ correspond *(—exactly) to those of Nietzsche’s much earlier opposition of ‘classical’ to ‘romantic’ art and aesthetics,—first formulated in Human, All Too Human… —
Classic and romantic. – Both those spirits of a classical and those of a romantic bent – these two species exist at all times – entertain a vision of the future: but the former do so out of a strength of their age, the latter out of its weakness.
*(—‘The Wanderer and His Shadow’ (hereafter HH IIb) in Human, All Too Human, §217, 366)
*For Nietzsche,… —the ‘classical’ and the ‘romantic’ aren’t intended, then, to denote the art of any given (—any specific) historical era, but, instead, represent (artistic-aesthetic) *tendencies,… —present, and coexisting, in(within) the artistic works of all ages,… —aimed toward the future, and marked: —by either all that which is affirmative and strong in a given age (as is the case in Nietzsche’s delineation of the ‘classical’), or by all that is reactive and weak (—the ‘romantic’. …).
*—In The Gay Science, Nietzsche develops this conception of the reactivity and weakness of ‘romantic’ art, and defines the romantic type as they—‘who suffer from the impoverishment of life and seek rest, stillness, calm seas, redemption from themselves through art and knowledge, or intoxication, convulsions, anaesthesia, and madness.’
*(—in The Gay Science, trans. Walter Kaufmann [New York: Vintage Books, 1974] (—hereafter GS),… —V, §370, 327-331 [328]. … —Nietzsche here names both Schopenhauer and Wagner as quintessential ‘romantic’ types…).
… —For Nietzsche, ‘romantic’ art is distinguished by a psychological-physiological need to escape from, and to renounce life. …
*… —It names a need for a remedy from life—(—a need (felt)) to be anaesthetised,—seemingly paradoxically accomplished through the attainment of states of intoxication (or rapture), convulsion, and madness,… —all framed here as alleviations from life-existence. …
*… —And I want to argue here that the terms of Nietzsche’s critique of ‘romanticism’, as these are laid out in The Gay Science, corresponds to, and can be usefully read and understood through, those of his later critique, in On the Genealogy of Morality (—expanded upon, to some extent-degree, in Beyond Good and Evil), of what he calls… *—ressentiment (—OGM, 1, §10, 21-25, [esp. 23]), in a way which will help make clear what I feel to be at stake in Joyce’s writing and in neo-classical Modernist definitions of art and Manifestos (more generally). …
—As an important aspect of his broader critique of the origins, birth, and historical legacy of Christian morality, ol’ Fritz defines ressentiment (retaining the original French term) as belonging to ‘those beings who, being denied the proper response of action, compensate for it only with imaginary revenge.’ (21) …
*… —Ressentiment stems (-emerges), then, from an *incapacity to act in response to external stimuli, resulting in a further incapacity to fully discharge the emotional-psychological responses stimulated by them.
—Instead, such responses become… suppressed, and frustrated, and continue to be harboured, long after any opportunity to fully (meaningfully) purge them has passed. …
Nietzsche locates ressentiment at the root of what, in the Genealogy, he calls: ‘slave morality’. … —
[S]lave morality says “no” on principle to everything that is “outside”, “other”, “non-self”: and this “no” is its creative deed. This reversal of the evaluating glance – this inevitable orientation to the outside instead of back onto itself – is a feature of ressentiment: in order to come about, slave morality first has to have an opposing, external world. (Ibid.)
The ‘reversal’ pointed to here, is that of what Nietzsche calls ‘Master morality’, which, in opposition to modern liberal and humanist politics, he argues, derives its notion of the ‘good’ not from altruism—that is, (for Nietzsche) from those to whom good is done—but, instead, from its own superabundance of life and energy *(that is,… —from within its own capacity to do ‘good’, so to speak…), in contrast to that which it deems lowly and plebeian *(—that which/those who are unable to act…). (—Cf. 1, §2, 12-13).
—In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche defines the ‘noble’ type who creates values out of a ‘feeling of fullness, of power that seeks to overflow, the happiness of high tension, the consciousness of wealth that would give and bestow’ (BGE, IX, §260, 205), and in the ‘Attempt at Self-Criticism’ preface to Birth *(importantly, at least for my current, broader purposes here,—written during the same year as BGE),—the ‘joy, strength, overflowing health, [and] overgreat fullness’ which underpin the birth of tragedy. *(—See BT, ‘ASC,’ §4, 21) …
—In (within) ‘slave morality’, the direction of this ‘evaluating gaze’, then (for ol’ Fritz), is *—inverted. …
—The ‘slave’ must rely on an opposing ‘external world,’ which it can judge as ‘evil,’ in order to establish itself, then,—*negatively—as ‘good’…
*—‘its action is basically a reaction’. (—OGM, 1, §10, 22. Cf. 21-24)
—Unable to act, ‘slave morality’ transforms impotence to retaliate (—to act) into ‘goodness’, … —‘timid baseness’ into ‘humility’, and its forced submission to those it despises into ‘obedience’… —especially obedience to God. (—§14, 29-31 [30])
—‘Slave morality’, and (by extension) *‘the man of ressentiment’, Nietzsche argues, yearn for revenge and seek ‘consolation for all the sufferings of the world’ in the *—‘phantasmagoria of anticipated future bliss’. (31) …
*—Nietzsche identifies this—‘phantasmagoria’ with the Christian conception of ‘“the last judgment”, the coming of their kingdom, the “kingdom of God”’,… and argues that ressentiment lies at the root of the need for, and creation of, all ‘other worlds’. … (Ibid.—emphasis added here. … —and see Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, 104-138)
*—Stephen’s rejection of ‘romanticism’ (in Stephen Hero), refined and incorporated (even as it’s rendered far more compact, far less explicit, and far more allusive, perhaps) in the ‘esthetic image’ of Portrait, can thus be understood in terms of a rejection of the ressentiment implicitly at stake in (the example here) of a Yeatsian/Yeats-esque—‘Platonic’—transcendental Symbolism. …
*The ‘classical,’ by contrast, for Nietzsche, is marked by ‘[r]igorous reflection, terseness, coldness, simplicity, deliberately pursued even to their limit, self containment of the feelings and silence in general.’ (HH I, §195, 93-94.—Cf. HH I, §171, 90)
*—Nietzsche privileges (—champions) ‘classical’ over ‘romantic’ art. …
—In contrast to the ‘romantic’ poet’s frustrated, life-renouncing, other-worldly intoxication, Nietzsche argues that— (…)
[T]he good poet of the future will depict only reality and completely ignore all those fantastic, superstitious, half-mendacious, faded subjects upon which earlier poets demonstrated their powers. Only reality, but by no means every reality! – he will depict a select reality! (HH IIa, §114, 239-240)
The ‘classical’, for Nietzsche, then, is founded on a metaphysical scepticism (or,—mistrust), and on a form of stoical pragmatism,… *—a refusal of the ‘spiritual’,—rejecting the ressentiment, other-worldly consolation, and anaesthetisation characteristic of the ‘romantic’. …
*—It focuses on the ‘reality’ surrounding the poet. …
*This ‘reality’ is then subject to a disciplined process of reflection, selection, and refinement.
(—Nietzsche lays emphasis, particularly, on the accuracy, and the simplicity in-of the depiction of the selected reality). …
*—completing my reading of The Birth of Tragedy, then.
(a sort of an—aside…). …
*—The terms of Nietzsche’s rejection of the metaphysics, the ressentiment of (at stake within) ‘romanticism’, and definition of the ‘classical’ in the ‘free-spirit trilogy’ of his ‘middle period’ are, I’d argue, already at stake in the—ostensibly—Schopenhauerian and late-Romantic The Birth of Tragedy. …
—To take the liberty, then, of recapitulating (at some length.—bear with me, if you would). …
—In my reading of Birth,… under the rubric of what I (somewhat hesitantly) dubbed Nietzsche’s nascent ‘naturalism’,… —I argued that in Birth the Apollinian—as a mode of the sublime—forms the artistic correlate to, or manifestation of, the (necessary, physiological-existential) drive for-to the *incorporation of lived experience. …
By contrast, I argued that the Dionysian forms the correlate-manifestation of the equal but opposite drive to-for the *purgation of lived experience (—a lethargic forgetting). …
—The Apollinian finds expression in (—gives rise-birth to) the plastic arts: … —discrete forms…
*—(‘heroic’) individuation.
—The Dionysian, in-by contrast, represents the—intensely undergone—experience of the laceration of individuation (…—of the *discretion of form. …): …
*—a form of access (so to) to the undivided continuity of flux (what Nietzsche calls—the ‘primal unity’) beneath the ‘individual’,… —directly captured in the immediate, physical and emotional expression of music and dance.
—In tragedy, these two drives,—these two modes, then,—of the sublime,… —are conjoined.
*(…)—In tragedy, the divestiture of (the quotidian) ‘self’, identity with the ‘primal unity’, and the Dionysian-musical ecstasy which embodies this experience, necessarily, spontaneously and organically (—that is, without, or, rather, independent of the volition of the poet) generate mythic or imagistic representations.
*—from within themselves. …
*—The individuated,…-discrete (—empirical) ‘self’ is divested in the Dionysian (—the Dionysian is the experience precipitated by its divestiture), only to return—as an image,—(re-)born in-of music, to embody that experience. …
*—For Nietzsche, the ‘union’ (so to) of the Dionysian and the Apollinian is not a moment in which the two drives are… —‘synthesised’ to form a third, separate, single phenomenon. …
*Instead, it takes the form of a *process in which the two drives are conjoined, and yet remain distinct. …
*—A temporal hierarchy (priority) subsists, in which the purgative Dionysian mode of the sublime—as first moment,—necessarily engenders the Apollinian sublime mode of incorporation. …
*However,… —this is neither a qualitative, nor is it an ontological hierarchy, but the resulting conjunction represents the highest manifestation-incarnations (for ol’ Fritz) of both modes of the sublime…
*—‘the Dionysian in the experience of identity with primordial pain and contradiction, and the primordial pleasure in appearance in the recreation of its effect in music,—the Apollinian in its symbolisation of the Dionysian itself.’ (Birth,—§5, 49)
*—The process at stake is that of a double transposition… —from the ecstatic divestiture of self and identity with the ‘primal unity’ in the Dionysian into its ‘reflection’ and re-creation in music, and the generation from this in turn of images in the Apollinian whose purpose is the incorporation of the experience of the Dionysian.
*—Laceration and self-destruction (—the laceration of individuated subjectivity) in the experience of the Dionysian sublime, constitute the ‘objectivity’ of the artist.
—They are the condition of the possibility of-for the revelation of the ‘primal unity’ and the condition of the possibility for the creation of art. …
*For Nietzsche, only through undergoing laceration in the experience of the Dionysian can the artist-poet attain to the purgation and the redemption of the drives, and the (subsequent) incorporation of this experience of redemption in the mythic-symbolism of the ‘passions’ and ‘feelings’…
*—This is the ironic self-(re-)creation of the ‘I’ of the artist. …
—The process of the Dionysian-Apollinian sublime transposition can be understood, then, as a whole, as the process—the *shape—of a *fold… —
*… —from the (apparent) empirical (—the quotidian) ‘self’… —this ‘self’ divested in(-by) the intensely undergone Dionysian-musical experience of purgation…
—released into the flux of the undivided continuity of states in-of the ‘primal unity’ (—the Ur-Eine) behind-beneath the ‘self’ (as felt-as lived). …
—prompted (spurred.—sic-so to), then, by the Apollinian drive to individuation,—to the incorporation of experience,…
*… —a drive (driven), then, to ‘return’ (so to), to the empirical self—as a register from which to draw words and images that can embody and articulate the experience of purgation. *(—the image… —the ‘I’ of the artist. … ).
In my reading of Birth, I argued that what underpinned this fold in the ironic self-(re-)creation of the artist was a nascent philosophical naturalism: that ol’ Fritz is concerned to identify a play of natural drives at the heart of artistic inspiration and creation, carefully eschewing recourse to the metaphysical by way of explanation. …
—In the preceding fragment—‘toward a disruptive, anti-transcendental “classicism”’ —I cited Lacoue-Labarthe and Nancy’s argument in The Literary Absolute that Romanticism (—the ‘Romantic’) present an account of artistic inspiration and creation (—an ‘aesthetic activity of production and formation’) ‘in which the absolute might be experienced and realized in an unmediated, immediate fashion […] a presentation of what in Kant remained unpresentable’, linking this to the attempted (or—staged)… over-leaping (so to) of Kant, and of the (Kantian) limits of the transcendental, in Schopenhauer’s conceptions of the ‘Will’ (—as thing in-itself/=X), and—more particularly—the (Platonic) Idea. (ix) …
*In *‘the fold in the self-creation of the artist’, I cited Nietzsche’s later account of ‘inspiration in Ecce Homo, in the context of Birth:
Has anyone at the end of the nineteenth century a clear idea of what poets of strong ages have called inspiration? […T]he idea that one is merely incarnation, merely mouthpiece, merely a medium of overpowering forces. The concept of revelation—in the sense that suddenly, with indescribable certainty and subtlety, something becomes visible, audible, something that shakes one to the last depths and throws one down—that merely describes the facts. One hears, one does not seek; one accepts, one does not ask who gives; like lightning, a thought flashes up, with necessity, without hesitation regarding its form—I never had any choice.
(Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, §3.,—300)
—Nietzsche describes ‘inspiration’ as the effect of forces that (seemingly) enter the subject from without—as an overpowering ravishment. …
—Conscious volition, then, (for Nietzsche), can never engender a state of inspiration. …
*… —Inspiration is precipitated precisely by the overwhelming, and temporary suspension, of subjective willing.
*—The terms of Nietzsche’s definition of inspiration here echo those of Romanticism—the Romantics. …
*I cited Shelley’s account of artistic inspiration in A Defence of Poetry as my example: …
A man cannot say, “I will compose poetry”. The greatest poet even cannot say it: for the mind in creation is a fading coal which some invisible influence, like an inconstant wind, awakens to transitory brightness: this power arises from within, like the colour of a flower which fades and changes as it is developed, and the conscious portions of our nature are unprophetic either of its approach or its departure.
(Shelley, A Defence of Poetry, 696-697)
*—Whilst Nietzsche’s conception of inspiration shares (or,—retains —?) the notions of spontaneity and involuntariness crucial to Shelley’s account, in line with his ironic appropriation of the terms of Schopenhauer’s aesthetics in Birth, Nietzsche rejects the Platonism at stake within it, and, particularly, the claim, later in Shelley’s account, that inspiration affords the poet access to Platonic Forms or Ideas… —*‘to be a poet is to apprehend the true and the beautiful, in a word the good’. (Shelley, 677.— See Clark, The Theory of Inspiration,—143-169)
*And so, …
—I want to conclude my reading of artistic inspiration and creation in Birth here by arguing that Nietzsche’s (nascent) philosophical naturalism, and the fold itself, reject the claims to the transcendental (—the ‘absolute’) within the Romantic, whilst appropriating its conception of the overwhelming of subjectivity in artistic inspiration to an anti-transcendental aesthetic.
*—In this sense, Birth can be seen to anticipate (if obliquely) the contrast and the opposition of the ‘classical’ of-to the ‘romantic’, staged explicitly in his later writing on art (and examined above).
*—That is,… —Birth represents the first, perhaps faltering articulation of a disruptive anti-transcendental classicism. …
*—In *‘on the “artists’ metaphysics”’,—using Henry Staten’s definition of ‘the classical reference-points of what is called Romanticism’ *(that is—‘Rousseauistic primitivism, recourse to a transcendental subject, doctrines of genius and inspiration, idealization of the Greeks, [and] antipathy to the rationalisation of nature’.—Nietzsche’s Voices, 187),… I opposed my reading to:
(i). Jürgen Habermas’s argument that Birth represents a dangerous ‘metaphysically transfigured irrationality’, to which, he suggests, Romanticism offers some sort of preferable alternative (Habermas, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 92-96 [94]);
(ii). —to Aaron Ridley’s argument that the text represents ‘an arresting example of German Romanticism at its headiest’ (Ridley, Nietzsche on Art, 9),
(iii). and to Adrian Del Caro and Judith Norman, both of whom argue that Nietzsche’s position represents a form of (straightforward) anti-Romanticism (—Del Caro, Nietzsche contra Nietzsche, Norman, ‘Nietzsche and Early Romanticism’).
—In contrast to those readings which would characterise Birth as either simply and straightforwardly Romantic, or anti-Romantic,… it seems clear to me that Nietzsche’s relationship to Romantic metaphysics, aesthetics and conception of artistic inspiration in Birth, represents the creation of an ironic *Romantic–anti-Romanticism,—one which reflects his ironic appropriation of Schopenhauerian metaphysical and aesthetic vocabulary (and, indeed, his attempt to redeem Schopenhauer’s aesthetics from his metaphysics…).
*… Thus (—so,). …
—Whilst, apparently, an ostensibly late-Romantic text (—under the obvious influence of both Schopenhauer and Wagner),… —the ‘naturalism’, anti-metaphysics, and ironic Romantic—anti-Romanticism in-of Birth serve to align the text far more closely to the explicit outlining-definition of ‘classical’ art *(—of the ‘classical’)—in a deliberately staged, and incredibly stark, contrast to the ‘romantic’—in both the early incarnations of Stephen’s aesthetic theory, and in Nietzsche’s own later writing on art. …
—Indeed, the text, I feel (—I’d argue), stages, in-through the shape of the fold (—in-through an awkward and (perhaps) an unready voice, to paraphrase Nietzsche’s own later assessment of Birth in the ‘Attempt at Self-Criticism’), precisely this contrast or opposition (—of a ‘classical’ aesthetic to the ‘romantic’/Romantic), though (as yet) without the resources, and(/or) the vocabulary, to clarify it. …
*Hulme. … —the finite-finitude in (-of) the ‘classical’.
*—against the false, thwarted ‘infinities’ of the ‘romantic’. …
*The terms of the opposition of the ‘classical’ to the ‘romantic’, so crucial, then, to both iterations of Stephen’s aesthetic theory,—to Joyce’s own writing on art, and to that of Nietzsche… lie at the heart of, and are clarified and developed within, the theory and criticism of the self-styled neo-classicist ‘Modern’ writers. …
—In particular they lie at the heart of, and are (I would argue) expanded and clarified within, what T.E. Hulme was attempting in his writings on Modern Art and on Bergson’s Philosophy. …
—I’ve made (fleeting) contextual mention of Hulme’s centrality and importance to ‘Imagism’, to Ezra Pound’s theory and criticism, and to the neo-classical Modenrist nexus of the ‘image’ already here, and his name, and reading of Bergson, came up in connection with my reading of Nietzsche’s ‘On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense’, its links to Birth, the parallel between its key terms and those of Bergson’s philosophy, and its ties (so to) to Nietzsche’s later formulation of the will to power *(… —on all this, see: *[links]. …).
To read Hulme’s art criticism can help, then, I want to argue, in understanding what is at stake in the opposition of the ‘classical’ to the ‘romantic’ in both Joyce and Nietzsche, and to draw this parallel with (what I’ve dubbed here) Nietzsche’s *Romantic—anti-Romanticism, can help better understand the philosophical and art-historical stakes of neo-classical Modernist art-theory and criticism.
*In his writings on Bergson, and on Modern art, in particular, Hulme clearly lays out the ‘classical’ and the ‘romantic’, in terms which, frankly, look as though they could have been straightforwardly cut and paste from Nietzsche…
—In his essay of 1911, ‘Romanticism and Classicism,’ T.E. Hulme draws on Nietzsche’s earlier critique of the ‘romantic’ and privileging of the ‘classical’. (—Hulme, ‘Romanticism and Classicism’ in Speculations, 111-140)
—Hulme effectively qualifies Nietzsche’s conception of the ‘romantic’ by identifying it with what he argues constitutes the conception of the ‘human’ propagated during the French revolution.—This, in turn, he argues, derives from the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
*(Cf. ‘A Tory Philosophy’.—Hulme, Selected Writings, 61…)
—He summarises the ‘romantic’ conception of the ‘human’ as one which claims that ‘man was by nature good, that it was only bad laws and customs that had suppressed him. Remove all these and the infinite possibilities of man would have a chance.’ (‘Romanticism and Classicism’,—116)
Hulme argues that the ‘romantic’ conceives of culture as inherently corrupt and corrupting.
*… —In a ‘natural’ state, ‘man’ is innately ‘good’ and it is only the false finitude of legal and cultural constrictions which serve to corrupt ‘man’.
Remove these constrictions and ‘man’ would be capable of realising ‘his’ innate goodness and infinite possibilities.
(Hulme’s rejection of the ‘romantic’ then, if it doesn’t indeed borrow directly from it, at the very least shares a great deal in common with (to borrow Staten’s formulation) Nietzsche’s rejection of ‘Rousseauistic primitivism’: represents a forthright rejection of culture and a ‘return’ to a state of nature, such as is promoted in Rousseau’s Émile.
In *‘the fold in the self-creation of the artist’, I referenced Keith Ansell Pearson’s argument, (for example), that in his early writings, ‘Nietzsche criticizes Rousseau’s paean to nature, and his belief in man’s natural goodness, which have their basis in romanticism.’ Nietzsche is critical of the ‘modern’ conception of the artist in terms of Émile and its corresponding idealisation of nature…
Rousseau’s portrait of Émile’s realization of his fundamental human nature and the achievement of oneness with nature, achieved by withdrawing the child and adolescent from the degenerative effects of corrupt social institutions and allowing his natural goodness to flourish, fails to recognise the dark and terrible forces of nature which must be overcome.
[Ansell Pearson Nietzsche contra Rousseau, 25]
In a series instalments first published in The New Age, December 1915—February 1916, and reprinted, in an abridged version, by Read as: ‘Humanism and the Religious Attitude’ (— Speculations, 1-71.—See Patricia Rae, The Practical Muse: Pragmatist Poetics in Hulme, Pound, and Stevens [London: Associated University Presses, Inc., 1997], 49, Hulme expands on his conception of the illusory infinitude of Romanticism, and ties it particularly to the politics of Humanism and to the artistic portrayal of sexual relations:
*—‘Romanticism […] confuses both human and divine things, by not clearly separating them. The main thing with which it can be reproached is that it blurs the clear outlines of human relations – whether in political thought or in the literary treatment of sex, by introducing in them, the Perfection that properly belongs to the non-human.’
[—‘A Notebook’, Selected Writings, 180-222 (189)].
*—Hulme’s rejection of ‘romanticism’s’ confusion of the human and the divine, treating of the human as if it were itself the divine, for me, establishes a clear parallel with Stephen’s rejection of the Platonic projection of a false, and—‘otherworldly’ ideal in Yeats’s formulation of transcendental Symbolism.
*[—on Hulme’s own rejection of Plato, Yeats and the ‘“mystical” account of the creative process, see ‘Notes on Language and Style’ (c. 1907), Selected Writings, 57, and Rae, Practical Muse, 33 … ]. ).
In essence, Hulme defines the contrast between the ‘romantic’ and ‘classical’ as stemming from the contrast between opposing conceptions of the ‘infinite’ (—?), and of the finite (—finitude). …
—Echoing Nietzsche (in a sense),—he identifies a fundamental resentment against life in romanticism, emerging from the perspective of the false politics of the infinite capabilities of ‘man’… —
The romantic, because he thinks man infinite, must always be talking about the infinite; and as there is always the bitter contrast between what you think you ought to be able to do and what man actually can, it always tends, in its later stages at any rate, to be gloomy. (‘Romanticism and Classicism’, Speculations, 119)
*—For Hulme, because the romantic attitude emerges from this perspective of the false politics of the infinite capabilities of ‘man’ (—‘what you think you ought to be able to do’), it must (—inevitably-ineluctably) run up against the limitations of ‘man’s’ undeniable and inescapable finitude. …
—As such, it becomes motivated by the resentment that its inevitable frustration engenders…
*—In terms which again echo those of Nietzsche and those of Stephen, Hulme contrasts the attitude of the classical artist-poet to the gloom of this thwarted idealism of the ‘romantic’… —
[E]ven in the most imaginative flights there is always a holding back, a reservation. The classical poet never forgets this finiteness, this limit of man. He remembers always that he is mixed up with the earth. He may jump, but he always returns back; he never flies away into the circumambient gas. (119-120. Cf. 126-127)
—In contrast to the imaginative ‘flights’ of romanticism,… —away from life and into the rarefied atmosphere-aether of—‘circumambient gas’. … —Hulme defines the ‘flights’ of the classical artist as *leaps, which ineluctably return the artist to their finiteness-finitude,—their ‘limit’,… and to the earth, with which they are (inextricably)… ‘mixed up’ (—read: bound to…), and which forms their proper subject matter.
*—In contrast to what he characterises as the quasi-mystical, life-abnegating flights of romanticism, then, Hulme posits the—‘dry hardness’ of classicism (and the ‘classical),— ‘strictly confined to the earthly and the definite […] always the light of ordinary day’. (126-127). …
*—In opposition to what he sarcastically dubs the ‘abysses’ and ‘eternal gases’ of the ‘romantic’,… ‘classical’ art is concerned with the transposition of quotidian experience.
*—To the ‘romantic’s’ false politics of ‘man’s’—‘infinitude’,… Hulme opposes what he defines as ‘classicism’s’ conception of *‘original sin’…
Man is by his very nature essentially limited and incapable of attaining any kind of perfection, because either by nature, as the result of original sin, or the result of evolution, he encloses within him certain antinomies. There is a war of instincts inside him.
(—‘A Tory Philosophy’, Selected Writings, 160).
—In the later ‘Humanism and the Religious Attitude’, Hulme defines this position as the ‘religious attitude’, in contrast to the politics of ‘humanism’, from which, he argues, the ‘romantic’ itself originally emerged. (Speculations, 1-71 [esp. 47].—Cf. ‘A Notebook’, Selected Writings, 180-222 [208-209]) …
He argues that the ‘classical’ attitude begins from a conception of the political and artistic expediency of the concept of ‘original sin’. …
*(That is,…) —‘Man’ is essentially a chaotic flux of warring instincts, and the only way in which to extract anything of value(-worth) from ‘man’ is through the imposition of an artificial order… —‘The best results can only be got out of man as the result of a certain discipline which introduces order into this internal anarchy’. (‘A Tory Philosophy’, Selected Writings, 160)
*(… —Elsewhere in ‘A Tory Philosophy’, Hulme alludes to the terms of Nietzsche’s conception of the ‘classical’ (which clearly exercised an influence on his own), but rejects Nietzsche as a closet ‘romantic’, and seeks to distance himself from him… —
Most people have been in the habit of associating these kinds of views with Nietzsche. It is true that they do occur in him, but he made them so frightfully vulgar that no classic would acknowledge them. In him you have the spectacle of a romantic seizing on the classic point of view because it attracted him purely as a theory, and who, being a romantic, in taking up this theory, passed his slimy fingers over every detail of it. (—Hulme, Selected Writings, 61)
Although his own definition so closely echoes Nietzsche’s rejection of the ressentiment at stake in ‘romanticism’, Hulme goes on in particular to reject the terms of On the Genealogy of Morality. (Ibid.)
—Hulme’s ostensible rejection of Nietzsche (perhaps wilfully here) elides the importance and centrality of the ‘classical’ in Nietzsche’s definition of his own philosophical and aesthetic project.
—Hulme’s refutation, I’d suggest, should be taken then, perhaps, as a desire to lay claim to intellectual independence, rather than as a legitimate or thoroughgoing critique of Nietzsche. *(—?)… ). …
*—For both Nietzsche and for Hulme, then, just as in Stephen’s rejection of ‘symbolism’ and ‘idealism’ on the grounds of the artificiality of the ‘Platonic’ (hmm) ‘light from some other world, the idea of which the matter is but a shadow, the reality of which it is but the symbol’,… *—the ‘romantic’ attitude is distinguished by its incapacity to reconcile itself with its own finitude and limitations. …
*Insofar as his interpretation of claritas is conditioned by its implicit satirical caricature and critique of the Platonic aesthetical metaphysics at stake (for example) in Yeats’s ‘transcendental’ Symbolism, Stephen’s definition of ‘artistic apprehension’ and the ‘esthetic image’ in Portrait are therefore firmly located in the philosophical and aesthetic rejection of the ‘romantic’ and championing of the ‘classical’,—stretching from Nietzsche’s writings of the late eighteen seventies to Hulme’s writing on aesthetics. …
*And, as such,… *—a strong parallel thus also exists, I’d argue, between the terms of Stephen’s exposition of claritas, the ‘esthetic image’, and of the ‘classical’, and the principles of the later Imagist movement, of which Hulme is regarded to be both one of the original founders/inspiration, and the ‘philosopher’ *(—See Patricia M. Rae, ‘T.E. Hulme’s French Sources: A Reconsideration’, Comparative Literature, 41 (1989), 69-99 *[69]),… and so it’s worth pausing to (briefly) outline the key terms and artistic principles/conditions of Pound and the Imagists on the way to clarifying Dedalus’s conception of the image. …
Tagged A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, a priori, aesthetic theory, aesthetics, Apolline, Apollinian, Apollo, Apollonian, Apollonian and Dionysian, Arthur Schopenhauer, base, Beyond Good and Evil, classical, Dionysian, Dionysus, Ecce Homo, epiphany, Ezra Pound, Friedrich Nietzsche, Genealogy, Hulme, Human All Too Human, humanism, Idea, image, Imagism, Imagists, Immanuel Kant, inspiration, James Joyce, Jean-Luc Nancy, Joyce, Kant, Lacoue-Labarthe, Modernism, Nancy, neo-classical, Nietzsche, noble, original sin, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Plato, Platonic, Platonism, Pound, ressentiment, Romantic, Romanticism, Schopenhauer, Shelley, slave morality, Stephen Hero, sublime, symbol, Symbolism, T.E. Hulme, The Birth of Tragedy, the classical, the romantic, thing-in-itself, W.B. Yeats, Will, Yeats
*the ‘image’.—vs. Platonic ressentiment *(—on the Becoming Actual of the Being of Beauty.—part II).
*(—follows on from *‘from the “epiphany” to the “esthetic image”… *—the evolution of the aesthetic theory in Joyce’s early fiction’ and, more particularly, *‘on the Becoming Actual of the Being of Beauty (—the “classical” vs. the “romantic”).—part I: a paean’ …).
*on the ‘image’.—vs. Platonic ressentiment. …
(—the image vs. the ‘symbol’. …).
*In Portrait, Stephen employs his focus on artistic inspiration and creation to articulate the resolution of his struggle to interpret claritas… —
It would lead you to believe that he had in mind symbolism or idealism, the supreme quality of beauty being a light from some other world, the idea of which the matter is but a shadow, the reality of which it is but the symbol.( Portrait, 230)
Stephen opposes his own interpretation of claritas to that of its (potential) otherworldly interpretation, according to the rubric of *‘symbolism’ or ‘idealism’, which would consign reality to an inferior and subsidiary position to the ‘idea’. …
*This, for Stephen, represents mere—‘literary talk’,… —a form of artificial (that is,… —artistically crafted) prosthesis, then,… —grafted onto reality, and which would have the undesirable effect of making the ‘esthetic image’ ‘outshine its proper conditions’. …
(231.—Cf. ‘Drama and Life’ [1900],—*CW, 23-29, where Joyce opposes himself to what he calls the ‘doctrine of idealism in art’. [—27]…)
*So,…
—I want to argue here that Stephen’s stark (almost belligerent) rejection of the terms of this… *—otherworldly idealism, in effect, constitutes a kind of implicit parody of the terms of W.B. Yeats’s definition of Symbolism.
… Or, rather (—more accurately and less controversially, perhaps),… *—Yeats’s ‘Symbolism’ embodies (that is,—provides the clearest philosophical and aesthetic example of) precisely what it is that Stephen seeks to reject. …
*—In particular, I want to argue here,… Stephen is opposed to what Charles Chadwick defines as the ‘transcendental’ ‘mode’ of Symbolist poetry.
*(… —And I’ll follow Chadwick’s distinction between the ‘personal aspect’ of Symbolism, in which it attempts to express ideas and emotions, and its ‘transcendental’ aspect, in which it attempts to express the ‘ideal world’.—Symbolism [London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1971],—2-3. …
*—Joyce became familiar with the central tenets of Symbolism through his association with Yeats and through Arthur Symons’, The Symbolist Movement in Literature [London: William Heineman, 1899].
In his biography of Joyce, Richard Ellmann states that Joyce had first read Symons’ work in 1900, and goes on to suggest that this formed part of Joyce’s early search for his own distinctive style as a writer *(—See Ellmann, James Joyce, 76).
Joyce met Symons through Yeats in 1902, when he stopped in London on his way to Paris. Symons befriended Joyce and made a promise, which he later delivered on, to publish some of Joyce’s early poetry. [111-112] Symons was a close associate of Yeats and dedicated The Symbolist Movement to Yeats as a friend and ‘the chief representative’ of the ‘movement’.—See also Yeats, ‘The Symbolism of Poetry’ [1900] in SCP, 43-52 [—43]. …). …
*—In his essay on William Blake’s illustrations to Dante’s Divine Comedy (—1896), Yeats offers a definition of Blake’s concept of ‘vision’ in terms of the ‘symbol’, and in contradistinction to ‘allegory’…
A symbol is indeed the only possible expression of some invisible essence, a transparent lamp about a spiritual flame; while allegory is one of many possible representations of an embodied thing, or familiar principle, and belongs to fancy and not to imagination. (Yeats, SCP, 22-32 [—22])
Yeats’s Symbolism, then, constitutes the attempt to articulate an ‘invisible essence’ (a—‘spiritual flame’… —?), in contrast to ‘allegory’, which, for Yeats (at least), is merely a representation of the material, ‘embodied’ object: *—of something both concrete and ‘familiar’. …
*… —In ‘transcendental Symbolism’, as Chadwick argues,—
*—‘concrete images are used as symbols, not of particular thoughts and feelings within the poet, but of a vast and general ideal world of which the real world is merely an imperfect representation.’ (3)
… —At the heart of the transcendental Symbolist aesthetic is an implicit metaphysics which opposes an ‘ideal world’ to that of the ‘real’, ‘concrete’ world of experience.
—Yeats’s ‘transcendental’ Symbolism, in essence,—uses the quotidian world merely as register from which to draw ‘symbols’ as a means to express the ‘ideal world’ which is portrayed as the true subject of art.
*(—See Matthew Campbell, ‘The English Romantic Symbolists’, in David Holdeman and Ben Levitas, eds., W.B. Yeats in Context [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010],—310-319:
*—‘Blake taught Yeats that a symbol stands prior to and posterior to poet and poem, and poetry must return to it, seeking its “invisible essence”.’ [—312.—Emphasis added here…]). …
*Again, in terms evoking the ethereal, ‘spiritual’, and intangible,… —in ‘The Symbolism of Poetry’ (1900), Yeats elaborates on his earlier definition of the symbol…
All sounds, all colours, all forms, either because of their preordained energies or because of long association, evoke indefinable and yet precise emotions, or, as I prefer to think, call down among us certain disembodied powers, whose footsteps over our hearts we call emotions. (Yeats, SCP, 43-52 [—46])
*Yeats distinguishes between two ‘types’ of symbol. …
—The first, (in line with the passage quoted above), he calls ‘emotional symbols’.
To these he contrasts the second type of ‘intellectual symbols’, which, he argues, ‘evoke ideas alone, or ideas mingled with emotions’. (49)
In his definition of the limitation of ‘intellectual symbols’, Yeats is even more explicitly ‘Platonic’, and invokes the terms of his earlier reading of Blake:
*—‘symbols, associated with ideas that are more than fragments of the shadows thrown upon the intellect by the emotions they evoke, are the playthings of the allegorist or the pedant, and soon pass away.’ (50)
*—These two types of symbol correspond, then, to what Chadwick defines as the ‘personal’, and ‘transcendental’ aspects, respectively, of Symbolist poetry. (2-3) …
—In ‘The Symbolism of Poetry’, Yeats privileges the emotional or personal symbols, relegating transcendental, intellectual symbols to a secondary role as mere shadows generated by their emotional counterparts. (SCP, 46)
*—For Yeats, then,… —either through the familiarity of some form of atavistic association, or by its possession of ‘preordained energies’ (—?), poetry (… —‘sounds’, ‘colours’ and ‘forms’) is capable of invoking (—of ‘calling down’) ‘powers’, which are seen to lie outside, prior to, and beyond empirical experience. …
—These ‘powers’, in turn, are experienced as (apparently) precise emotional responses by the reader, which however, apparently paradoxically, for Yeats, remain ‘indefinable’. …
—For Yeats, poetry is concerned not with the world of quotidian experience, but with a quasi-mystical invocation of ‘invisible essence[s]’ and ‘disembodied powers’. …
This accounts for what Chadwick defines as the necessary allusiveness and evasion of Symbolism (that is,—what he succinctly and punctually dubs its ‘built in obscurity’. …) —
[Symbolism is the] art of expressing ideas and emotions not by describing them directly, nor by defining them through overt comparisons with concrete images, but by suggesting what these ideas and emotions are, by recreating them in the mind of the reader through the use of unexplained symbols. (2-3)
Poetry, for a ‘transcendental’ Symbolist, must aim, then, to express an (—the) ‘ideal world’, and to recreate the poet’s (quasi-mystical?) experience of it (—the ‘ideas’ and emotions’ this experience gives rise to) in the mind of the reader and, as such, supersedes religion as the means of attaining the ‘ideal world’. (Ibid.)
*(—Cf. Margaret Mils Harper,—‘Yeats and the Occult’, in Marjorie Howes and John Kelly, eds., The Cambridge Companion to W.B. Yeats [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006], 144-166 [—144]. …). …
*—I want to argue here that, through his *rejection of ‘symbolism’ and ‘of idealism’, Stephen is alluding to the (implicit) Platonic metaphysics at stake in Yeats’s conception of transcendental Symbolism. …
In particular, it forms an allusion to Plato’s conception of the two ‘Orders of Reality’, as outlined in The Republic. *(—I’ll refer here to H.D.P. Lee’s translation [—Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955]. … ). …
… —Its extreme brevity indicates that Stephen’s allusion to Platonic metaphysics is a rhetorical move, designed (I’d argue) to render Yeats’s ‘Platonism’ and transcendental Symbolism a foil for the exposition of his own aesthetic theory, and it’s true that it thus remains at the level of a caricature. …
Nevertheless,—it’s worth pausing briefly in order to summarise Plato’s conception of the relationship of the Forms (—Ideas) to quotidian experience, in order to demonstrate its pertinence to an understanding of (what I’m going to call here) Yeats’s *aesthetic metaphysics,… and to clarify what is at stake in Stephen’s (implicit) rejection of Yeats and of transcendental Symbolism (—and thus his relationship to Platonism) in his definition of the ‘esthetic image’. …
*So. …
… —Plato’s Socrates distinguishes between the world of the everyday experience of visible and sensible things—of becoming and change—and the unchangeable, eternal world of the ‘Forms’ or ‘Ideas’. …
*(—Though contemporary criticism of Plato prefers-privileges the term ‘Form’ over that of ‘Idea’ (—which suggests ‘things in our minds’…), I’ll retain the latter term here as that available to both Yeats and Joyce and in… deference to Stephen’s explicit rejection of ‘idealism’…). …
*—The quotidian world, then, is the shadow, or the—image of the world of Ideas, which contains the patterns—the ‘absolutes’ or ‘essential realities’—which the physical world imperfectly imitates. (Plato,—234) …
*—In his definition of the philosopher, Socrates defines the Ideas through a series of polar opposites: beauty and ugliness, justice and injustice and good and evil…
*—The terms of each pair, he argues, constitute ‘a single thing in itself’.
However, each appears (—in-within-through the world of becoming and of change) only as a ‘multiplicity’,… —‘because it is seen in combination with actions and material objects and other characteristics.’ (238) …
He refers to the Ideas as ‘formal characteristics’. …
—They are the forms, then, (for Socrates) in which actions and objects only ever imperfectly participate…
*(—On this,… see, in particular,—Allan Silverman, The Dialectic of Essence: A Study of Plato’s Metaphysics [Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002],—16, and Penner, 242. …).
Nonetheless they have a real existence—independent of the mind. (—see Plato,—238)…
—Absolute beauty, then, wouldn’t (could never) be identical with anything that is beautiful, but everything which is beautiful (nonetheless) *partakes of (—participates in) the ‘essential nature’ of beauty. (Ibid.) …
*—Socrates distinguishes between the ‘Intelligible’ world and the physical,—‘visible’ world, by defining a hierarchy *(—the ‘Divided Line’) between them. …
*—The ‘Intelligible’ world of the ‘Ideas’ is the world of knowledge. …
—He divides this into, on the one hand, the knowledge (—or ‘power’) of pure thought, which begins and ends with the Ideas as ‘first principles’, and, on the other, the knowledge of the ‘mathematical sciences’, which are subordinate to pure thought insofar as they ‘proceed from assumptions and not to first principles [Ideas]’ and must therefore be ‘reasoned out’,—in contrast to the Ideas which are directly perceived.
*(—See ‘§6. The Divided Line’,—274-278 *[—277]). …
For Plato’s Socrates,… —the physical, ‘visible’ world is the world of opinion,—as opposed to that of knowledge…
—It’s comprised of physical things which are the objects of belief and the ‘images’ of objects which are (themselves) the objects of illusion. …
*(—In defining the ‘images’, Socrates refers both to shadows and to the images of objects in reflective surfaces such as water and glass. …).
—The quotidian world remains one of only opinion or belief. It can never be known because the object of knowledge is the world of the Ideas. (276)
*In order to represent our experience of objects Socrates uses the (now famous-infamous) simile of prisoners chained to the floor of a cave… *—
Imagine an underground chamber, like a cave with an entrance open to the daylight and running a long way underground. In this chamber are men who have been prisoners there since they were children, their legs and necks being so fastened that they can only look straight ahead of them and cannot turn their heads. Behind them and above them is a fire burning, and between the fire and the prisoners runs a road, in front of which a curtain-wall has been built, like the screen at puppet shows between the operators and their audience, above which they show their puppets. (‘§7.The Simile of the Cave,’ 278-286 [—278-279])
*—For Socrates, we are the ‘prisoners’, then, of the constitution of our senses. …
That is,… —We don’t (—we can’t) know objects as they exist in themselves, but only their projected ‘shadows’ or ‘images’. …
Because our senses are ‘fastened’ and our experience is, therefore, limited to the ‘shadows’, we’re subject (—damned, in effect) to a form of *naïve realism, in which we take the objects of our experience to be things-in-themselves. …
This, for Socrates, is the nature of the world of ‘belief’ and ‘illusion’ *(—the illusion that we truly do know things as they are in themselves…). *(279.—Cf. 274) …
*He represents the role of the philosopher in the figure of a man who is first somehow liberated from his captivity and allowed to see the objects whose shadows are projected onto the wall by the artificial light of the fire at the rear of the cave, and who, next, manages (somehow) to step outside even the bounds of the cave itself,—out into daylight and the natural light of the Sun *(—and thus ascends through the Platonic-Socratic hierarchy from the ‘visible’ to the ‘Intelligible’ world), and is thus enabled finally to see things as they are in themselves. (281-282) …
*For Socrates, then,… —*‘the mind as a whole must be turned away from the world of change until it can bear to look straight at reality’. *(—283.—Emphases added here. … —See also 284).
*—Implicit in Socrates’ distinction is a seeming imperative—to privilege the eternal, intelligible world of the Ideas and (equally) to *renounce (to have renounced) the ‘visible’ (—quotidian) world. …
*Yeats’s definition of the ‘symbol’, then,… —as ‘the only possible expression of some invisible essence, a transparent lamp about a spiritual flame’, in stark opposition to the ‘allegorical’ poet’s focus on the ‘embodied thing’, in effect, represents an adoption or appropriation both of Platonic metaphysics’ distinction between the degrees of truth in the conception of the object, and (more importantly for my current purposes) its imperative toward the renunciation of the quotidian world (—of objects and their ‘shadows’), in favour of the eternal forms of the ‘Ideas’. …
*(… *—Bornstein argues that Yeats ‘found support’ for his ‘drive from the actual to the ideal world’ and ‘habit of seeing mutable things as types of immutable beauty’ in the ‘psychological theories accompanying Plato’s doctrine of the forms’. (—Yeats and Shelley,—69). …
*—And I’d argue that what Stephen overtly rejects in his dismissal of ‘symbolism’ and of ‘idealism’ is precisely the… life-renouncing mysticism at stake within this poetical Platonic metaphysics. …
*(… —In his discussion of the fin de siècle Irish literary scene in ‘A Symbolic Artist and the Coming of Symbolic Art’ (1898), Yeats himself renders this connection between his Symbolist aesthetic and mysticism explicit… —
‘When I have written of literature in Ireland, I have had to write again and again about a company of Irish mystics, who have taught for some years a religious philosophy which has changed many ordinary people into ecstatics and visionaries’. (—SCP, 33-42, [33].—emphasis added),… —identifying the poet A.E. (—George Russell), along with Althea Gyles, as being at the centre of this movement… —‘a beginning of what may become a new manner in the arts of the modern world’ (34),—‘creating a new religion and poetry’. (37) …
—hmm. …
… —In his early criticism, Yeats builds his definition of transcendental Symbolism and the revival and cultural-political role of (Irish) literary art on the foundation of this new ecstatic, visionary, mystic religion and poetry. *(—see Harper, ‘Yeats and the Occult’, The Cambridge Companion to W.B. Yeats,—144-166.)… ).
*—Stephen dismisses Yeats’s ‘Platonic’ assumption (—‘symbolism or idealism’) of an other-worldly ideal, of which sensible experience (—‘matter’) is (merely—solely) a ‘shadow’ or ‘symbol,’ as a fantastical artificial prosthesis to experience … —a purely ‘literary’ construct, to which he opposes that which is ‘logically and esthetically’ necessary *(—the ‘proper conditions’ of the ‘esthetic image’. …). …
*And what accounts, I’d argue, for the far greater length and detail of Stephen’s (implicit) opposition of the ‘esthetic image’ to Yeatsian—late-Romantic—transcendental Symbolism in this passage of Portrait (—when held in direct comparison with the counterpart passage-extract, pinpointing the moment of the object’s ‘epiphany’ in-of Stephen Hero. *—see [‘evolution’.—link…]), is that this passage in fact incorporates and refines the terms of the opposition between the ‘classical’ and ‘romantic’ artistic ‘tempers’ and the privileging of the ‘classical’ in the ‘Art and Life’ paper and associated material in Stephen Hero into the concept of the ‘epiphany’ itself. …
*—To draw out what seems to me is at stake in this incorporation will allow me to align Stephen’s aesthetic with the opposition of ‘classicism’ to ‘romanticism’ in the works of both Nietzsche and T.E. Hulme (and by extension with the neo-classical Modernist aesthetic manifesto of the Imagist poets, in particular with the doctrine of the ‘image’). This will serve to locate Stephen’s ‘classicism’ within a wider context of late nineteenth and early twentieth century philosophical and artistic reactions against late-Romanticism.
*(
*—towards a brief history of Imagism, then
*(on the ‘image’ as a kind of ‘Modernist’ nexus. …) …
—Imagism is, essentially, associated with the work of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle (H.D.), John Gould Fletcher, Amy Lowell, Richard Aldington, F.S. Flint, and D.H. Lawrence, between 1912 and 1917. …
Its origins extend back to two poetry clubs founded by T.E. Hulme: the first,—‘the Poet’s club’, formed in 1908; the latter, unnamed, formed with F.S. Flint in March 1909.
*(—See Peter Jones, ed., Imagist Poetry [London: Penguin, 1972], 13-43 [13-16] and Stanley K. Coffman, Jr. Imagism: A Chapter for the History of Modern Poetry [Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1951],—3-7).
Pound first dubbed Aldington and H.D. Imagistes in spring-summer, 1912 (—see Jones, ed. Imagist Poetry, 17), and claimed that ‘The first use of the word “Imagiste” was in my note to T.E. Hulme’s five poems, printed at the end of my “Ripostes” in the autumn of 1912’. (‘A Retrospect’, in Pavannes and Divisions [New York: Alfred A. Knopff, 1918], 93-111 [96]. … *—See Canzoni; & Ripostes of Ezra Pound [London: Elkin Matthews, 1913],—*59, where Pound refers to ‘the “School of Images”’, and to ‘Les Imagistes’…).
In Poetry (March 1913), Pound and Flint published ‘Imagisme’, a brief article, supplemented by Pound’s ‘A Few Don’ts by an Imagiste’. Both pieces were intended to define the principles of the movement (Jones, ed., Imagist Poetry, 129-134. Coffman, Jr., Imagism, 9-10).
In February 1914, under Pound’s direction, the movement published its first anthology, Des Imagistes, including poems by Joyce, Skipworth Cannell, Ford Madox Hueffer (Ford Madox Ford), Allen Upward, and John Cournos.
At this time, spurred by both his involvement in Wyndham Lewis’s Vorticism and by growing friction between himself and Lowell, Pound distanced himself from the Imagists (—Coffman, Jr., Imagism, 21-25).
Lowell assumed responsibility for the movement and the publication of a further three anthologies, in 1915, 1916 and 1917, under the title of Some Imagist Poets, including poems by John Gould Fletcher and D.H. Lawrence.
The anthology of 1917 was the last for the movement whilst all its participants were still alive. Lowell wrote…
—‘The collection has done its work. These three little books are the germs, the nucleus, of the school; its spreading out, its amplifications, must be sought in the unpublished work of the individual members of the group’.
*(—Lowell, Tendencies in Modern American Poetry [New York: Macmillan, 1917], 255. —See Jones, ed., Imagist Poetry, 24).
However, a further anthology, Imagist Anthology 1930, organised by Aldington, appeared, including poems by Joyce, Aldington, H.D., John Gould Fletcher, Ford Madox Ford, William Carlos Williams, and D.H. Lawrence. Lowell had passed away in May 1925 and Skipworth Cannell couldn’t be located *(See—Richard Aldington, Life for Life’s Sake [London: Cassell & Co., 1968], 130-131. Jones, ed., Imagist Poetry, 27).
I won’t be making the claim (in case you were genuinely concerned,… —ne’er fear, dear reader o’mine…) that Joyce himself was an: ‘Imagiste’. …
In ‘“Dubliners” and Mr James Joyce’, in terms which (by no mean coincidence) will become crucial in my later discussion of Joyce and Hulme, Pound praised Joyce for qualities which he had (ostensibly) attached to ‘Imagisme’ (Imagism), and to the ‘image’: … *—‘Mr Joyce writes a clear hard prose. He deals with subjective things, but he presents them with such clarity of outline’ (—Pavannes and Divisions, 156-160 [156].—my emph.s), linking ol’ Jimmy J. to what he refers to as the ‘school’ (sic) of ‘impressionist writers’, including Stendhal and Flaubert,—*‘intent on exact presentation […—] intensity, selection, and concentration’… (157. Again, my emph. And the interested reader is also politely advised to consult ‘James Joyce, At Last the Novel Appears’ and ‘Paris Letter, May 1922, Ulysses’ (Pound, Early Writings: Poems and Prose, Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Ira B. Nadel [London: Penguin, 2005),—330-333 and 334-341, respectively. …).
*… —Joyce’s inclusion in Des Imagistes seems, to me (at least), to have stemmed in the main from the patronage he received from Pound, and from a desire to be published and have his work reach the largest audience possible. …
—‘I hear an Army’ was originally published in Chamber Music (XXXVI) in 1907. Its inclusion in an anthology seven years later, then, marks an attempt, perhaps, simply to extend its reception. (—Jones, ed., Imagist Poetry, 83).
—Instead, then…
I want to focus on Imagism, and, far more specifically, the concept of the ‘image’ as a kind of *nexus for the aesthetic and philosophical concerns (and early artistic projects) of a number of significant artists who defined themselves as, or (at the very least) tactically aligned themselves with, (self-styled) neo-classical ‘Moderns’ or Modernists. …
—I’m concerned to draw a parallel between Stephen’s interpretation of Aquinas and rejection of Symbolism and ‘romanticism’ with Imagism.
—This has already been pursued, to some extent, by A. Walton Litz…
—Litz refers Joyce’s having published with the Imagists in Des Imagistes, but goes on to provide a definition of the ‘image’ (—with a brief reference to Portrait) which allows him to define the entire texts of both Ulysses and Finnegans Wake as themselves constituting ‘images’. *(—The Art of James Joyce: Method and Design in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake [London: Oxford University Press, 1961], 53-62)
—By-in contrast,… —avoiding Litz’s somewhat questionable adoption-appropriation of the concept of the ‘image’ (—?),… —I’ll focus solely on the parallel between Stephen’s explication of the ‘esthetic image’ and the principles of Imagism). …
Tagged Amy Lowell, classical, D.H. Lawrence, Dedalus, Ezra Pound, F.S. Flint, H.D., Hulme, image, Imagism, James Joyce, Literature, metaphysics, Philosophy, Philosophy and Literature, Plato, Platonic, Richard Aldington, Romantic, Socrates, symbol, Symbolism, T.E. Hulme, transcendental, W.B. Yeats, Yeats
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Dr M. D. Bolsover
Edinburgh-based freelance writer and editor, and (sometime) academic and lecturer. *—links to all my currently published writing can be found at www.facebook.com/mdbolsover.
M.D. Bolsover – Writer
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NHL Rumors: Predators, Sharks, Devils, Islanders, More
By Jim Parsons June 22nd, 2019
In the final edition of the NHL rumor rundown for Saturday, the second day of the NHL Entry Draft, there is a residual effect from the transactions that happened just before the start of Round 2.
Once the Nashville Predators traded P.K. Subban and the Toronto Maple Leafs moved Patrick Marleau, it became clear what lay ahead for some NHL clubs.
Subban Deal Details, Hall Approves
TSN’s Pierre LeBrun offered up a number of updates after the Predators moved Subban to the New Jersey Devils. Saying first, “Obviously this clears the way for Nashville to presumably make an offer to UFA star center Matt Duchene. The UFA speaking period opens Sunday,” he followed it up by providing more detail about the behind-the-scenes of the trade.
Leafs tried on Subban but no way they would have ever taken on the full contract for obvious reasons. They would have wanted him as a $6M player I think. Was important to Nashville to shed the entire deal.
— Pierre LeBrun (@PierreVLeBrun) June 22, 2019
LeBrun explained that there were at least four teams interested in Subban, including the Toronto Maple Leafs, but all teams outside of the Devils wanted the Preds to retain salary in the trade. Nashville wanted to move the entire contract which took the Leafs and others out of the running.
The Leafs were willing to take on Subban as a $6 million player but Nashville needed the money to go after Matt Duchene in free agency. Duchene let the Columbus Blue Jackets now he’d be testing free agency and the Preds have long been looked at as the front runners.
From the Devils’ side of things, before Devils GM Ray Shero pulled off the trade, he spoke to both Taylor Hall and former Devil Brian Boyle about Subban. According to NHL.com’s Amanda Stein, Shero wanted to make sure that Subban would be a good fit as well as making sure that Hall approved of the deal.
One of the main reasons the Devils grabbed Subban was in the hopes they could convince Hall to re-sign.
Related: NHL Rumors: Predators, Penguins, Barrie, More
Marleau Trade Changes Trade Landscape
The Patrick Marleau deal to Carolina has very little to do with him playing for the Hurricanes. In fact, Chris Johnston of Sportsnet is reporting Marleau has been assured he’ll be bought out by the Hurricanes should he want.
Meanwhile, Hurricanes GM, Don Waddell said of the rumors they intend to talk to Marleau and see if he is interested in staying with Carolina.
Michael Smith writes:
“For us, when you can pick up assets like that, like a 1st round pick, that’s important for the future. The plan would be to meet with Patrick, talk with him and see where he’s at. If he wanted to be a Hurricane, we’d certainly love to have him.”
The @MapleLeafs are sending Patrick Marleau to the @NHLCanes.
Details: https://t.co/XM6DKrr4ni pic.twitter.com/pytiWuTOdP
— NHL (@NHL) June 22, 2019
The thought here is that Marleau wants to work his way back to San Jose and the only way to accomplish that was to eliminate his current salary and give the Sharks an option to add him at a highly-reduced rate. Their priority is to first sign Joe Pavelski and others.
Other GM’s have taken notice of what Toronto had to give up just to move Marleau’s salary and find another team to take on the responsibility of buying him out. It could change any chances of a team like Edmonton ridding themselves of Milan Lucic’s deal or Vancouver moving Loui Eriksson.
Related: NHL Rumors: Sabres, Hurricanes, Maple Leafs, More
Anders Lee to Talk With Other Teams
Reports regarding New York Islanders forward Anders Lee is that he will start talking to others teams tomorrow. Lee said of the fact that a deal hasn’t been completed with the Islanders, yet, “I never thought it would get to this point, but I guess it’s the nature of what this week means.”
Reports are that he wants to stay with the Islanders and that he will continue talking with the team but will also field other offers.
LeBrun reports that he saw Islanders general manager Lou Lamoriello and Lee’s agent, Neil Sheehy were having a lengthy discussion during the draft Saturday.
Sticking with the Islanders, David Pagnotta reports defenseman Nick Leddy and forwards Thomas Hickey and Josh Ho-Sang are in play.
Related: NHL Rumors: Draft Day Rumors, Blackhawks, Avs, More
Justin Faulk to Washington?
The Athletic’s Sara Civian reported on Saturday that talks regarding Justin Faulk being traded had picked up and that the Carolina Hurricanes and the Washington Capitals were discussing a deal. Part of a package could include the rights to Quinnipiac University defenseman Chase Priskie.
(Amy Irvin / The Hockey Writers)
NHL.com’s Tom Gulitti reported that Capitals general manager Brian MacLellan said the report of a potential deal with Carolina for Faulk was not true. “No. We haven’t had any discussions about him.”
Justin Faulk
Patrick Marleau
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Film Scott Phillips' Film Reviews
Film Review: We The Animals
by Scott Phillips
Unconventional Coming of Age Drama Succeeds by Daring to Be Different
We The Animals begins with a series of battle cries as three young brothers, Jonah, Joel and Manny, run howling through the woods, shirtless and primal. They live with their mother and father in a bipolar environment where passionate love can quickly give way to domestic violence. Their Paps bounces from job to job and abandons his wife and children when tensions flare, often leaving the brothers to care for one another as their mother nurses her physical and psychological wounds.
The film is a coming of age tale of sorts, but it’s also a study of cycles. The opening strains of a Spanish-language rendition of I’ll Fly Away give way to the metaphorical flight that closes the film. The brothers’ chants of solidarity (body heat, body heat) fade into the final anguished cry of a single boy. And Paps’ tendency to solve his marital problems with his fists emboldens one of his offspring to rain down blows on his mother. Freedom and escape eventually fade, leaving responsibility and reality in their wake.
The focus of We The Animals is not its plot. The narrative meanders its way to a small-scale resolution. It’s a tone poem, an evocation of a mood, that’s very much in keeping with its subject matter. As we reach middle age, we remember the details of our childhoods less and less, but we seem to retain the feel of our youth. The echo of that carefree time reverberates in the back of our minds, even if the details elude us. We The Animals channels that feeling into its fragmented story-telling. The focus is not conventional story arcs, but rather the awakenings within its young characters, especially the sexually-confused Jonah.
We The Animals employs a variety of visual styles to a powerful collective effect. From grainy handheld verite to rudimentary animation to striking tableaux, the film is a visual collage, rendering the fragmented nature of memory on the screen. The narrative unfolds as if the camera is inside the minds of the three brothers and their childhood is being recreated from their collective memories in snippets and vignettes.
There are risks in saying that We The Animals may be an “acquired taste” for some film-goers. At face value, that sounds snobby, as if only the intellectual or sophisticated viewer will enjoy the film. That label may also have the effect of driving away potential audience members by implying that the film requires some cinematic heavy-lifting. In the case of We The Animals, neither inference is correct. The film simply asks that its audience remain open-minded, willing to abandon the three-act structure of the average movie to go on an unconventional adventure. It’s a strange ride, but in the best possible way.
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Male or Female (4)
Beanie Hat (1)
Collector Prints (3)
Originally fronted by the rock legend Freddie Mercury, Queen formed in 1970 in London, England. Freddie Mercury was one of the founding members, along with the bands legendary guitarist Brian May, and drummer Roger Taylor. They were later joined by long standing bassist John Deacon.
The band have been active since they formed, and continued after the unfortunate death of Freddie Mercury, with the band having multiple vocalists, the most prominent being Paul Rodgers, who was the lead vocalist from 2004 until 2009, and Adam Lambert, who has been the lead vocalist from 2011.
Queen are one of the best selling bands of all time, having sold over an estimated 150 million albums worldwide. They have released 15 studio albums, with 7 of them going to number 1 in the UK charts. The bands greatest hits albums are some of the best selling albums ever. Queens biggest hits include Killer Queen, Radio GaGa, We Will Rock You, Crazy Little Thing Called Love and of course Bohemian Rhapsody.
Queen Merchandise
Here at The Music Store we stock a large range of officially licensed Queen merch and gifts, including framed prints, t-shirts, mugs and we even stock guitar straps and plectrums!!
Queen A Night At The Opera Mug
Queen Band Collector Print
QUEEN BEANIE HAT CREST
QUEEN CLASSIC CREST MENS BLACK HOODIE
QUEEN CLASSIC CREST MUG
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QUEEN COLOUR CREST MUG
Queen Crest Logo (Diamante) T-Shirt
Queen Crown Collector Print
Queen Crown Mug
Queen Crown White Collector Print
Queen Day At The Races Collector Print
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Home / australia / Wimbledon Finals: Nick Kyrgios bounced Novak Djokovic ahead of Roger Federer's meeting – Wide World of Sports
Wimbledon Finals: Nick Kyrgios bounced Novak Djokovic ahead of Roger Federer's meeting – Wide World of Sports
australia navva July 14, 2019 australia
Wimbledon finals: Nick Kyrgios bounced Novak Djokovic in front of Roger Federer Wide World of Sports
Wimbledon 2019: How many hours Roger Federer vs. Novak Djokovic starts in Australia, how to watch the final NEWS.com.au men
Wimbledon men's final live: Roger Federer vs Novak Djokovic start of the match, result and live stream Fox Sports
Wimbledon Final Start Time: How Roger Federer is against Novak Djokovic today? Express
"The worst in history": Roger Federer laughed at the confusing moment of Wimbledon Yahoo Sports
See full coverage on Google News
NRL 2019: Titans Ash Taylor update, Gold Coast, Tweed Heads
Moon as a muse – Art Guide Australia
Ubisoft's uPlay + Subscription: Australian Price – Kotaku Australia
The profile of the festival taking drugs can be different from what you expect
Never before seen the scene of the crime scene of the notorious murder of a motel
Instagram starts to hide the number of photos, video & # 39; for Australians
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TexasTowelie's Journal
Hometown: Texas
Home country: United States
Current location: Red Hell Texas
Member since: Sun Aug 14, 2011, 03:57 AM
Number of posts: 66,083
Middle-aged white guy who believes in justice and equality for all. Math and computer analyst with additional 21st century jack-of-all-trades skills. I'm a stud, not a dud!
June (1424)
Vermont House votes to expand temporary housing for kids, pregnancy
The Vermont House of Representatives has voted to allow all pregnant women and families with children to access temporary housing.
Under current rules, eligible pregnant women in their third trimester and families with children younger than six qualify for up to 28 days of housing as "vulnerable" people. Families with older children may also qualify under a point-based system.
"I dare anybody to explain to me how that makes sense," said Rep. George Till, D-Jericho, who sponsored a successful budget amendment in the House on Friday that would expand the rules to include women at any stage of pregnancy and any minor children.
The change attempts to protect vulnerable Vermonters while the House makes another change in housing policy.
Read more: http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/31/vermont-house-budget-emergency-housing-pregnant-women-kids/99863526/
Posted by TexasTowelie | Fri Mar 31, 2017, 05:33 PM (0 replies)
Bill creates manslaughter charge for drug dealers when a death occurs
AUGUSTA – Lawmakers on Friday got their first look at a bill that would create a new manslaughter charge for drug dealers who provide illegal drugs that result in a death.
The charge could lead a Class A felony conviction, the state’s highest level of crime, punishable by up to 30 years in prison.
Sen. Scott Cyrway, R-Benton, the bill’s sponsor, offered a passionate pitch for the change, at one point choking up and pausing as he emphasized how extensive Maine’s ongoing opioid crisis has been, and noting it was likely every person in the room had been impacted by at least one overdose death, if not more.
The move comes as Maine’s overdose deaths climbed for the fifth straight year in 2016, soaring nearly 40 percent to claim a record 378 people. Opioid drugs, especially fentanyl and heroin, caused most of the deaths, according to figures released Thursday by the state Attorney General’s Office. The 378 fatalities surpassed the previous record of 272 set in 2015.
Read more: http://www.pressherald.com/2017/03/31/bill-creates-manslaughter-charge-for-drug-dealers-when-a-death-occurs/
Gov. Paul LePage vetoes Jared Golden's bill to help veterans get IDs
AUGUSTA — A Lewiston Democrat who tried to help provide identification cards to veterans who need them to access federal health care facilities said Thursday he is disappointed and insulted that Gov. Paul LePage vetoed his bill.
Assistant House Majority Leader Rep. Jared Golden said the governor has been calling on the Legislature to resolve the problem for about 500 southern Maine veterans who lacked a required identification card.
“Now, when the Legislature sends him a solution, he vetoes it,” Golden said. The governor's repeated expressions of concern about these veterans are not reflected in his decision to veto this bill. It's clear that for the governor these 500 veterans are nothing more than political tools, Golden said.
LePage defended his decision to veto the measure.
“Though I agree with the sentiment to help veterans seeking medical care, we cannot forget all the other groups that have experienced problems” due to the lack of federal Real IDs in Maine, LePage said.
Read more: http://www.sunjournal.com/news/maine/2017/03/30/gov-paul-lepage-vetoes-jared-goldens-bill-help-veterans-get-ids/2103449
Legislative committee to consider domestic violence bills
AUGUSTA (AP) — Legislators are set to present bills addressing domestic violence in the state.
A state panel found that half of Maine's 46 homicides from 2014 to 2015 stemmed from domestic violence. A number of domestic violence bills are scheduled for public hearing before the Legislature's criminal justice and public safety committee Friday.
Two bills call for more attention to certified batterer's intervention programs that aim to help offenders change their behavior, beliefs and attitudes.
Republican Sen. Kim Rosen is sponsoring a bill that would require a court to provide justification when it doesn't order participation in a batterer's intervention program for certain crimes.
Read more: http://www.sunjournal.com/news/maine/2017/03/31/legislative-committee-consider-domestic-violence-bills/2103997
Ex-employee admits to stealing over $91K from South Portland Housing Authority
A Gorham woman has pleaded guilty to embezzling more than $91,000 from the South Portland Housing Authority.
Jamie Hussey, 35, pleaded guilty Thursday in U.S. District Court to committing federal program fraud, said acting U.S. Attorney Richard W. Murphy in a news release.
Citing court records, Murphy said that Hussey embezzled $91,577 from the housing authority from February 2014 to September 2016. Prosecutors said Hussey was the resident services coordinator for the authority’s Family Self-Sufficiency Program during that time. The program seeks employment for tenants to help families become economically independent.
Hussey diverted 48 checks issued in the names of program participants into her personal bank account, Murphy said. She faces as much as 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. She will be sentenced after the U.S. Probation Office completes a pre-sentence investigation.
Read more: http://www.pressherald.com/2017/03/30/ex-employee-admits-to-stealing-thousands-from-south-portland-housing-authority/
Rep. Donna Bailey's bill would give disabled free access to state parks
AUGUSTA — A legislator is proposing to give permanently disabled people free admission to Maine State Parks.
The proposal by Saco Democratic Rep. Donna Bailey would apply to people who have been determined to be permanently disabled by an official body such as the U.S. Social Security Administration or a workers' compensation board.
The access pass would also grant free entry to an adult accompanying the pass holder.
The proposal is up for a public hearing before the Committee of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry on Thursday in Augusta.
Read more: http://www.sunjournal.com/news/maine/0001/11/30/rep-donna-baileys-bill-would-give-disabled-free-access-state-parks/2104125
Dozens of Maine Lawmakers May Have Failed to Disclose Changes in Income
Dozens of Republican and Democratic state lawmakers may have violated a law requiring them to update their public income disclosure when they or their spouse change jobs.
The memo from the Maine Ethics Commission to legislative leaders states that as many as 58 legislators may not have updated their income statements within 30 days of a significant change in income, employment or affiliation with a political committee or organization. The requirement is designed to inform the public about a legislator’s employment, which can then be checked against legislation they support and potential conflicts of interest.
The requirement is featured on the first page of the legislator’s income disclosure, but the ethics memo suggests that more than a third of the lawmakers who served last year didn’t follow it.
In apparent response to the memo, three Republican senators filed updated their income statements Wednesday.
Read more: http://mainepublic.org/post/memo-dozens-maine-lawmakers-may-have-failed-disclose-changes-income#stream/0
LePage Looks to Write Welfare Restrictions into State Law
Gov. Paul LePage has imposed a number of restrictions on welfare recipients through the rulemaking process. Now he’s pushing a proposal that would cement those reforms into law, making it more difficult for future governors to change them.
Work requirements, photos on electronic benefit cards, a ban on allowing repeat felony drug offenders to get food stamps — these are just a few of the rules that have been put into place by the LePage administration. And LePage says he wants them to stay in place after he leaves office.
“They can also be reversed by the next governor. That is why it is so important to make these commonsense reforms permanent in state law. We want Mainers to keep moving from poverty to prosperity long after I am gone,” he says.
Health and Human Services Commissioner Mary Mayhew says the reforms embraced by the bill have been successful and should be continued in the future, regardless of who is serving as governor.
Read more: http://mainepublic.org/post/lepage-looks-write-welfare-restrictions-state-law#stream/0
Maine Ethics Commission Probing Casino Campaign's Finances
AUGUSTA, Maine - The Maine Ethics Commission is looking into the finances of a controversial casino campaign backed by an offshore investment firm.
Ethics staff wants to ensure that all donors to the Horseracing Jobs Fairness campaign are complying with Maine's campaign disclosure laws.
According an email from ethics director Jonathan Wayne, the commission has asked the campaign to discuss its funding following a legislative hearing held Wednesday, during which Bridge Capital revealed that it's backing the York County casino initiative.
Bridge Capital is owned by casino developer Shawn Scott, yet neither the firm nor Scott appear on any of the campaign finance reports. To date, Scott's sister, Lisa Scott, of Miami, has contributed more than $4 million to the campaign.
Read more: http://mainepublic.org/post/maine-ethics-commission-probing-casino-campaigns-finances
American ladies take 4th, 7th, and 12th at 2017 World Figure Skating Championships
The good news is that the Americans will hold three spots for the Olympics along with Russia and Canada.
Rank Skater Country Short Program Long Program
1 Evgenia MEDVEDEVA RUS 233.41 1 1
2 Kaetlyn OSMOND CAN 218.13 2 2
3 Gabrielle DALEMAN CAN 213.52 3 3
4 Karen CHEN USA 199.29 5 6
5 Mai MIHARA JPN 197.88 15 4
6 Carolina KOSTNER ITA 196.83 8 5
7 Ashley WAGNER USA 193.54 7 10
8 Maria SOTSKOVA RUS 192.20 6 11
9 Elizabet TURSYNBAEVA KAZ191.99 10 8
10 Dabin CHOI KOR 191.11 11 7
11 Wakaba HIGUCHI JPN 188.05 9 12
12 Mariah BELL USA 187.23 13 9
http://www.isuresults.com/results/season1617/wc2017/CAT002RS.HTM
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[ July 17, 2019 ] West Warwick Town Council passes resolution supporting the Second Amendment Guns
[ July 17, 2019 ] Governor Raimondo meets with Governors Lamont and Baker for informal talks Politics
[ July 17, 2019 ] Activist sentenced to ten days for blocking entrance to Bristol County House of Corrections Immigration
[ July 15, 2019 ] Progressive Democrats launch ambitious plan to generate 200 percent of the energy Rhode Island needs Energy
[ July 14, 2019 ] Protest at Massachusetts home of Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Member Cheryl LaFleur Climate Change
About Uprise RI
Local News Sources
Legislation to overhaul EFSB won’t affect outcome of proposed Invenergy power plant
May 16, 2018 Steve Ahlquist Invenergy
Representative Cale Keable (Democrat, District 47, Burrillville, Glocester)’s legislation to overhaul the Energy Facilities Siting Board (EFSB) passed the House today on a vote of 69 to 0.
The bill (H8120A) would expand the EFSB from three members to seven and would provide greater protections and rights to the communities where proposed power plants are located. It would also demand that applicants provide all the required information before their application can begin moving forward.
The bill was written in response to Invenergy‘s proposed $1 billion fracked gas and diesel oil burning power plant aimed at the pristine forests of Burrillville, Rhode Island though the legislation is crafted and timed to have no effect on the outcome of the EFSB’s final ruling on the siting of that plant.
“The people of Burrillville have been told time and again to trust the process that will decide the fate of the power plant,” said Keable. “We and many of the other stakeholders believe that process can be improved. Rhode Island’s Energy Facilities Siting Board consists of just three members, all of whom are appointed by the Executive. Our neighbors in Massachusetts and Connecticut have larger siting boards that represent the divergent interests involved in siting power plant projects. Power plants have a tremendous impact on their host community and the environment as well as our energy resources, so they should be vetted in a very thorough, careful process that warrants the public’s trust.”
Though the bill has passed the House, it still needs to be approved by the Senate. The last time Keable tried to do something about the way power plants are approved, the idea was shut down hard by the Senate. Two Senators, Stephen Archambault (Democrat, District 22, Smithfield, Johnston, North Providence) and William Conley Jr (Democrat, District 18, East Providence), lost their Sierra Club endorsements for their votes against Keable’s plan. Conley is the Johnston, Rhode Island City Solicitor and is representing the city in a lawsuit over the water Mayor Joe Polisena agreed to sell Invenergy.
This bill will not affect the outcome of the Invenergy plant siting however, and the the 30-year old Energy Facilities Siting Act is in dire need of an upgrade, so there is every possibility that the Senate will look more favorably on this bill.
According to the press release:
“The bill would add four members to the EFSB whenever it meets to discuss a proposed major power plant or a major expansion of an existing one: the director of the Department of Health, the state fire marshal, and two members of the public. The elected chief executive or town council president of the host community would appoint the members of the public, one of whom must be a resident of the host community and the other of whom would represent the community’s businesses.
“The bill would require any application placed on the docket to have been deemed complete. It would suspend the process for 60 days if the applicant fails to provide state agencies with the information they need to issue necessary advisory opinions, and mandate the denial of the application if the information is still not provided at the end of those 60 days. Failure or refusal to provide any information requested by the Siting Board would also be grounds for denial. Several state and municipal agencies have been unable to provide complete advisory opinions for the Invenergy proposal due to a lack of information from the company.
“Additionally, the bill would provide a counsel for the public who would legally represent the public in seeking to protect the quality of the environment, including advocating for environmental justice matters throughout the process. The public counsel would be appointed by the attorney general, and the cost of his or her fees would be paid by the applicant through the board’s assessment process.
“The bill would significantly strengthen protections for host communities, including automatic intervenor status. As part of the process, applicants would be required to include in the application a detailed description of the proposal’s access to all utilities including water, sewer, electric and gas. Host communities would submit a report detailing the proposal’s consistency with all local ordinances, regulations and standards, and the Siting Board would seek advisory opinions from its zoning, planning, and building departments. The bill would make the applicant responsible for paying the cost of the host communities’ participation in the process.
“The EFSB would also be required to consider any town or city council resolution regarding the application. In the case of a host community that already is host to another fossil fuel power plant of 250 megawatts or more (as Burrillville is, since it already hosts the 560-MW Ocean State Power Plant), the legislation requires the board to abide by that town or city council’s wishes, unless the board is presented with clear and convincing evidence to the contrary.
“The legislation also adds a requirement that the applicant include “a detailed and specific statement as to the effects the proposed facility would have on the ability of the state to meet [its] carbon-emissions-reduction goal,” and prohibits the Siting Board from approving the project unless it has shown it won’t prevent the state from reaching that goal.”
UpriseRI is entirely supported by donations and advertising. Every little bit helps:
Cale Keable
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About Steve Ahlquist 992 Articles
Steve Ahlquist is a frontline reporter in Rhode Island. He has covered human rights, social justice, progressive politics and environmental news for half a decade.Uprise RI is his new project, and he's doing all he can to make it essential reading.atomicsteve@gmail.com
Fall River City Council condemns water deal with Invenergy, opposes plant construction
The Uprising, May 18, 2018
My testimony for the Energy Facilities Siting Act Commission
December 18, 2017 Steve Ahlquist Energy
Parag Agrawal out at EFSB, leaving two members to decide on Invenergy power plant application
March 23, 2018 Steve Ahlquist Invenergy
We need to broaden the way we look at new fossil fuel infrastructure
November 28, 2018 Steve Ahlquist Environment
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Whistleblowers defend democracy, say rights advocates
ACLU and RIDLC ask US Attorney to investigate police policies governing communication with the deaf
Update on ACLU lawsuit against state over “Harrington Hall” law: Shelter will not turn people away
RIDP Women’s Caucus statement in support of the 21 members of the House who seek reform
The 21 Democrats opposing Speaker Mattiello have a name: The Reform Caucus
Activists canvass Representative Blazejewski’s district to encourage him to drop support of the Speaker
Representative Christopher Blazejewski explains his yes vote for Speaker Mattiello
Progressive Democrats launch ambitious plan to generate 200 percent of the energy Rhode Island needs
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Greg Gerritt to ProJo: More natural gas infrastructure is not a good thing
Activist sentenced to ten days for blocking entrance to Bristol County House of Corrections
Lights for Liberty: Rhode Island joins the world in condemning United States detention camps
Providence Mayor Elorza orders Providence Police to not cooperate with federal immigration authorities
Priests for Justice, Pax Christie, and the Sisters of Mercy protest treatment of child migrants
Speaker Mattiello accused of childish, unethical, outrageous behavior by Representative Fogarty
Sakonnet Region legislators take tough questions on guns and abortion at public forum
Representative Raymond Hull: Speaker Mattiello’s leadership style is about “coercion, exacting vengeance and the abuse of power”
Senator Donna Nesselbush: This is not the way to run a democracy
Rhode Island Senate poised to issue a financial windfall to millionaire tax delinquents
The earned income tax credit helps low-income working families in Rhode Island
Updated: Help low-income workers: Raise the EITC to fight the Trump tax law
Tax cuts for the rich, even if they’re dead, is a somehow a non-partisan issue
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deptfresen
Bestellen &
“There will be no successful movement to escape capitalism until there is widespread agreement that there is superior life beyond capitalism”
Beyond the impasse. Strategy and direction: the social movements and the left
Interview by Júlio do Carmo Gomes
Michael Albert
The squares in Greece have been relatively quiet at a time when a left party, Syriza, has come to power. What do you think of the seeming reduction of Greek grassroots social movements?
People need to refuel and quite reasonably want to know what will be Syriza’s impact. But it would be disastrous for a sensible pause to transform into a let’s watch the government and hope for the best mentality. While Syriza maneuvers for space I think there should be very intensive grassroots organizing of two broad forms. First, to reach out to non elite constituencies which opposed Syriza to win new support. And second, to engage with constituencies who support Syriza to collectively establish goals for the emerging struggle.
By establish goals for the emerging struggle, do you mean that the social movements should force Syriza to adopt an anti-capitalist approach?
For Syriza to have perfect views but little support would not be valuable, no matter where the views came from. For it to have poor views but lots of support, would also not be valuable. Both these types of groups, great views no support, horrible views plenty of support, exist all over. What is needed, of course, is for Syriza’s support and its outreach to grow at the same time as its views become steadily better.
Your question assumes, I think, that the social movements have better views – and that may well be true, I really don’t know. It also may be true that those in Syriza, even its officials, are just as anti capitalist, but operating in a very different context than someone demonstrating in the streets or fighting a housing battle. But whichever is the case, what I am suggesting is that what Syriza needs to do is not just to maneuver for space, and not just to pursue short run programs, but also to reach out to all sectors of society potentially aligned with serious change. When reaching out to those that are now hostile, the task is to take them seriously and communicate well with them, hearing and offering, and the hope is that this will reduce hostility or even nurture new allies. And I am not talking about rich opponents, of course. I am talking about connecting with working people and otherwise disenfranchised people who are dubious about Syriza or even hostile to it, perhaps even drifting toward the far right. Nothing is gained by ignoring or ridiculing such people. The task is to reach out and connect with them.
And second, there are a huge number of Greeks, maybe more percentage wise than in any other European country, who are now anti austerity and also very hostile to mainstream authority – and they typically support Syriza. The task with this supportive constituency is not to merely maintain passive support, but to engage them as equals in envisioning a transformed Greece, in having a vision of fundamental change, collectively and publicly and not just individually and in the privacy of dinner conversations. So, if this happens, will the substance of the emerging shared vision come from within Syriza? Will it come from social movements? Will it come from heretofore less involved citizens? I don’t know. I suspect it would be a mix of all of it. But I am pretty sure we will only see if there is the effort.
What could have been longer lasting and more transformative about the emancipatory movements from Iceland to Spain and Greece and from Occupy Wall Street to Taksim Square?
First, activism can win material benefits for deserving constituencies. Second, activism can enlarge consciousness, grow organization, and increase commitment to promote further struggle.
By these measures, for the waves of struggle you mention, there have been some short term benefits and considerable gains in awareness and, in some places, in organization as well.
What might have been better? Perhaps more popular energy could have been turned into lasting changes in existing institutions or into creating new institutions under movement control. And perhaps there could have been more self conscious creation of new movement structures of outreach, education, and agitation. But all this is still unfolding.
Has there been an impasse of social struggles after the fall of the anti-globalization movement, the end of “no war”, and the institutionalization of anti-neoliberal struggles in Latin America.
The anti globalization movement raised awareness and fueled the occupy and other movements that followed years later. It schooled many of the later’s participants, aired and aroused many of the sentiments now percolating, and pushed forward many of the tactics.
Recent anti war movements didn’t end wars, but if we ask whether wars have been carried out at the level of destructiveness that is readily available, we see major benefits.
Podemos wouldn’t have happened without 15M, nor would the waves of local and grass roots housing struggles, for example, and the same holds for Greece and Syriza’s role there.
Finally, what does “institutionalization of struggles” in Latin America mean? I suspect you have in mind that the energy of opposition has gotten mired in bureaucratic or authoritarian structures that sap vitality and impose oppressive dynamics.
As an example, when the Brazilian left party, the PT won the presidential election for Lula, it had already held some mayoralties and governor positions. What was incredibly striking was that in the election that Lula won, the results were worse for the PT in the areas that the PT governed than elsewhere. Getting mired in the intricacies of running the local state had actually diminished the PT’s grass roots appeal. Indeed, one might even say that later, the National PT as a whole followed a similar path, including losing its radical inclinations.
However, that is not the only possible situation. First, even when it does happen, being mired in bureaucratic or authoritarian dynamics is not due to creating institutions per se, it is due to creating flawed institutions. We should certainly urge that endeavors not become ossified. But we should not suggest rejecting institutions per se.
When movements embark on creating change in some society – say Venezuela, Bolivia, Spain, or Greece – they do so amidst horrendous historical legacies in the state, the economy, and the culture. To think that those movements should immediately attain ideal results ignores reality. To claim that anything short of full victory is total failure subverts potentials.
A better norm is do movements improve people’s lives and establish conditions for further gains as effectively as current circumstances allow. Is the Bolivarian government, the Bolivian government, the new Syriza government, improving conditions for deserving constituencies? Are they winning new footholds and developing new levels of popular participation to facilitate further gains? Are they operating consistently with winning a new society as compared to falling back into accepting the one we now endure? Are they doing as much as circumstances permit? Those are fair standards to apply.
Fortunately there are grassroots movements in Spain and Brazil who have sought to create new institutions (housing, education, consumption) as well as trying to extend their social influences as widely as possible. But there is a frequent problem: cooptation. I agree it is better to have SYRIZA and Podemos in Government than the established ruling parties. But knowing that autocratic institutions subvert human relationships and block gains against commodification of the various spheres of human life, do you think that social movements that seek to achieve non-hierarchical and non-capitalist outcomes should, as a means to achieve that purpose, participate in political processes that exclude self-management and prevent self-management attempts?
We can all agree that it is better to do what works well and has less likelihood of getting derailed or being coopted. But what are the actual options a movement has? I don’t agree with dismissing options that have risks and even flaws if we have no better options to take their place.
We want a new type of government that seeks and promotes self management and rejects capitalism, racism, and so on. Okay, but we aren’t going to get it overnight. So, if relating to a government that exists, even winning office in it, can be done in ways that are beneficial to our agendas, unless there is some better path, that is good. To say that using existing structures while altering them and adding new ones is impossible goes too far, I think.
An economic analogy may make this more clear. If you take a job as an employee in a capitalist firm, you are participating in a process that is horribly debilitating and that reproduces current relations. On the other hand, you need to eat. If there is job doing something really valuable, in a non hierarchical setting, great. Take that. But if there isn’t, and if your choice is wage slavery or starvation, it makes no sense to criticize taking the wage slave position – though it does make sense to point out the dangers of it and to work for change in the conditions of work, etc. Even more, your options for seeking change may initially be quite limited. The issue isn’t did you transform your workplace over night, the issue is, are you doing what can be done, and avoiding getting sucked into passive acceptance?
For Syriza, to move into federal offices where they share space with other actors who support none of Syriza’s aims and where they have to abide repressive laws built into the current structures, and where they must look on at harsh and even vile behaviors – for example, in the still unchanged penal system – is certainly not ideal, but it may be better than all other actually available options, which doesn’t mean their restricted choices can’t fail, but nor does it mean that that they must fail.
What if Syriza officials in the government can steadily progress in their ability to use their position to protect the movements you mention and to provide them resources? What if they can successfully transform some old structures to accord with new priorities? Even truly difficult ones with huge inbuilt bureaucracies wedded to vile past behaviors – like the police say, or prison system? Yes, it is still true that even if all this occurs, and all this is a whole lot, it is possible that the officials might in the process become bureaucratic, authoritarian, or simply out of touch and boring… but unless there is some better path, the solution is to exercise their options better and resist succumbing to conforming forces better, not to do nothing.
But do we face an impasse? Is political intervention that pursues genuine social change blocked, as many think? How can we keep thinking in a revolutionary way in the absence of struggles?
Efforts at genuine social change will run into obstacles until society favors social innovation rather than being organized to enlarge the wealth and power of a few. That is why we have to struggle. The issue is how do we overcome the inevitable obstacles. You lose, you lose, you lose, you win. Yes, setbacks can sometimes reduce – though rarely if ever eliminate struggle. Right now people are organizing all over, and the fact that it isn't as visible and as large scale as at some other moments in the recent past doesn't mean it is absent.
Of course thinking in a revolutionary way is strengthened by large scale struggle, but what it absolutely requires is an unrelenting commitment to win new institutions. One can participate in mass dissent but not be revolutionary. Conversely, one can be locked in a cell incommunicado, with no movements outside, and be revolutionary.
Speaking about the June 2013 Uprisings in Brazil, one of the key actors was the Movimento Passe Livre (MPL), a self-organized, anti-capitalist movement fostering a process that led millions of people in the streets, with protests in more than a hundred forty cities (some say in more than 350). The dissent achieved a resounding political result with the suspension of the ticket fare increase in dozens of cities and it forced president Dilma to draw up a package of social and political reforms.
What you describe is that this energetic uprising had positive effects on the lives of deserving constituencies and was large scale and had elements that were self organizing and anti capitalist. Sounds promising.
Yes, but looking at the massification of this uprising and knowing that today the MPL remains active, spreading in neighborhood assemblies, and connecting with occupation movements and hyper-precarious residents of the periphery, it is also true that there is little struggle within the workplace. What strategy could be made to generate a labor struggle with the same success as the June Uprising?
Mass scale facilitates winning victories that help people and means that longer term benefits in consciousness, commitment, and organization involve larger rather than smaller numbers of people. But consider the opposition to the first Iraq war. 13 million people took to the streets. It was incredibly large scale. But the energy did not transfer into lasting opposition and consciousness much less lasting organization. I would have preferred one million in the streets and then, with each passing month, steadily more, rather than 13 million at the outset and then, with each passing month, steadily less. There is a civil rights slogan from the U.S. – keep your eyes on the prize – but the prize isn’t having a big splash. The prize is winning a new society.
You describe a situation of benefits in Brazil spreading into neighborhoods and local organizations and assemblies, and of growing connections among constituencies which could provide a basis for more to come. But you also ask what about having a comparable promising struggle in workplaces, what could provoke that? In different places, at different times, there will likely be different precipitating events. But I suspect that the underlying energy of successful workplace struggles will primarily involve concerns about material well being and conditions of dignity and influence. It follows that since successful worker activism will emphasize attaining fair shares of income and dignified and empowering work conditions, activists working to arouse and assist working class desires would do well to understand and be able to communicate about what is a fair share of income and what are dignified conditions and appropriate levels of power for workers.
Many activists feel that they are already providing that answer when they reject private ownership and wage labor. Do you agree?
Saying you don’t want to have people getting income for owning property is excellent, but it doesn’t answer the positive question, what do you want.
Suppose you are in a campaign seeking a higher minimum wage. Let’s say it is $15 an hour. Okay, you favor the demand. But then you want to talk about how much income you think they should receive and therefore where the movement should ultimately be aimed. Saying there shouldn’t be owners taking a ton of income is good, but it doesn’t provide a full answer. Saying there shouldn’t be wage labor – well, I think it will sound meaningless to most people and it certainly doesn’t say what income people should get. What share of the social product should each person should receive? Try it in discussion, see what happens.
It is a large issue, but my positive answer would be that people should receive income for their labor in proportion to how long they work, how hard they work, and the onerousness of the conditions under which they work assuming they are creating socially useful results.
Clearly with that norm, you don’t get income for owning property, nor for being able to take it by virtue of having power. Nor do you even get income based on the total value of what you yourself produce – that may owe to luck or conditions or tools, etc., and not duration or intensity of work. But my positive answer aside, my point is that if one is going to participate in a campaign for higher wages and one wants to do it in a way that builds consciousness and desires and capacity for in turn winning still more gains, being able to advocate for a long run aim is essential. And the same thing holds for campaigns addressing conditions of work, and allotments of influence over decisions. To seek better short run outcomes in a manner leading toward winning new social relations in the longer run pretty much requires, I think, developing shared aims for the longer run.
Even in activist circles the idea prevails that contemporary mobilizations emerge suddenly and only due to specific and regional factors, and because of the effectiveness of social networks. Does this claim devalue the historical processes of struggle against oppressive power, conservative mentality, and capitalist culture? Does it remove effect from the struggles, dynamics, and achievements of the past and in that way contribute to cynicism?
A big sudden upsurge will most often have a galvanizing cause local to where it starts. Take an archetype example, May of 1968 in France. It was a huge upsurge that threatened the very bedrock of French society. Yet it was precipitated by a very local campus reaction to rules about men in women’s dorms. In such cases, the precipitating event becomes much less consequential than where it leads. In the French case, within a short time very few people even knew the initial events.
The relevance of organizing to upsurges is that the odds that a local and focused reaction will expand more broadly are vastly improved if it occurs in context of lots of prior organizing.
A riot is not a rebellion and neither is a rebellious upsurge a revolution. Lasting impact requires high awareness, deep solidarity, sustained activism, and lasting structures. Does an initial spark confine itself to some precipitating focus or does it expand to address much more? And does dissent simply bubble and boil, or does it construct and preserve?
Is this issue somehow connected with the “apocalyptic mode” of organizing you often mention, cautioning us that if we're in this for the long haul, we need to avoid that mode?
The apocalyptic mode builds on anger of the moment to pose momentarily inspiring but ultimately impossible demands like “we want the world and we want it now.” Apocalyptic organizing often even self consciously rejects having a view beyond winning immediately. It refuses to admit that it takes time to build movements and it takes time to win changes that will last.
We go to Washington with the slogan stop the war or we will stop the government – and we organize for it by saying that stopping the war by tomorrow is winning, but anything less than that is losing. When the war doesn’t stop, people feel defeated, hopeless, and give up. They do not understand that they did good work.
With an apocalyptic approach, we talk about every issue as if it is the last. We must win by next Thursday or humanity is doomed. We shout, “do it now, do it as if you have been schooled for years as an activist, or if you don’t, you are a reactionary.” Nuance disappears. Strategy beyond the moment disappears.
We call a demonstration to shut down some meeting – perhaps the IMF, or whatever. Our organizing focuses on that event. The issue becomes entirely did the doors open and the elites hold their meeting, or did we stop the meeting. Building up to the blockade, most energy goes into debating about tactics – ours and those of the police. What gets lost is that winning and losing is not a matter of did the meeting happen or not. It is a matter of did we raise consciousness and come away with more organization and stronger support than before the events. With the second viewpoint, you emphasize different content, take different lessons, proceed in a different manner, than if you are fixated on the immediate meeting.
How do we reduce fragmentation among movements? How do we have solidarity without losing diversity?
The key step is realizing that we need diversity not just of constituencies but also of approaches and attitudes. We need the various parts of our movements to work strongly together. With those two commitments, when we plan events, achieving solidarity with autonomy becomes part of our agenda.
If you believe shutting down a meeting is the be all and end all – you will courageously try to do so. If you instead believe the confrontation at the meeting is important as one part of a process of conveying information, raising awareness, developing commitment, enlarging confidence, and creating lasting ties and new organization, then those are the things you will courageously try to accomplish. In practice it is the difference between wanting to have a nice event and wanting to win a wonderful society.
One way of gaining solidarity without losing diversity would be to protect and even celebrate minority viewpoints by giving them space to try their approaches, rather than if some position loses a vote, that’s the end of the losing position. Our aim should be to win a new society, not to enshrine our own viewpoint. Victory is not to have one’s view be deemed correct – only to then lose in struggle. We can and should have different ideas and priorities, but also experiment with options, discover what works and pursue it, and keep alive alternative approaches in case what we have come to think was valid turns out to be wrong.
Do you think movements risk inadequacy if they do not present a vision and, therefore, a direction?
I think without having vision inadequacy is a certainty, not merely a risk.
People nowadays are horrendously cynical because they do not believe in alternatives. We can’t inspire cynical people by telling them there are injustices – they already know that. We have to convince them there are alternatives. People know that war kills, poverty debilitates, and so on. We need to offer a vision to overcome doubts and motivate involvement.
Additionally, if we don’t know broadly what defining institutions we seek, we will not be able to choose demands, language, and organizational structures that plant the seeds of a preferred future in the present. If we do not understand where we want to arrive, we tend to make horrible and even suicidal choices that lead us nowhere, or worse.
During Occupy Wall Street (in an interview with Article 11) Ken Knabb said “It is almost irrelevant whether people say they are for or against “capitalism” or “the State”; it is much more important that they are now engaged in a non-hierarchical and non-capitalist process”. Do you agree and if so why?
I agree that what one says, especially when using words that are vague and mean different things to different people, is less important than one’s visible choices and commitments. But what does being engaged in a non-hierarchical and non-capitalist process mean? Is it only rejectionist or does it have some clear future oriented commitments?
Back in the 1960s huge numbers of young people became involved in creating farms, communes, co-ops, and collective housing, and variants on that have happened every decade since. The choice was and still is far better motivated than grubbing grades in pursuit of corporate positions, but it has very often been defined almost exclusively by rejection and failed to envision positive and forward looking changes that could work for society as a whole. It has very often, that is, become insular.
What matters more than people saying they are for or against “capitalism” is if they are battling to win changes that they intend to extend into the future and that are oriented toward non-hierarchical and non-capitalist outcomes that can transform society. Even better, and likely essential to that much, would be if people clearly indicated what those outcomes are, and if they are designed and discussed to be compelling to typical citizens. It is far better to be clearly and compellingly for something positive than to be loudly against something negative.
In your book Occupy Strategy, one main argument is that we need to avoid treating different tactical or strategic evaluations as if they were unbridgeable differences of principle. Can you elaborate on that?
I think you are referring to a claim that tactics and even strategy are almost always contextual. They make sense and work or not in some context. For that reason, becoming a permanent advocate of some particular tactic often makes no sense. Fighting over such commitments makes even less sense.
In the book you persuasively explain why even the most committed revolutionaries ought to support reforms. What are the arguments upon which you sustain this conclusion.
I reject reformism. I want to fundamentally transform society’s defining institutions, not just ameliorate their worst excesses. But on the road to accomplishing fundamental change, I certainly do not oppose reforms per se.
To reject reforms means rejecting ending a war, rejecting increasing renewable energy use, rejecting having affirmative action, rejecting winning a shorter work week. Why would anyone in their right mind favor justice, equity, and so on, but reject these kinds of changes that can improve people’s lives? To do so would be extremely callous. In our reality, we do not have the wonderful possibility of winning a whole new society right now, in one leap. Rather, we can win changes that help people and also give us more strength to win more changes.
To reject reforms is to live in a bubble of arrogance, callousness, and ignorance of social process. And yet, I admit that I understand and even sympathize with the sentiment. I think when someone says no reforms for me, it is because the person thinks that one must do that or one inexorably becomes reformist. They think being true to wanting a new world requires rejecting reforms. The problem is, this perception is wrong.
Yes, favoring reforms can be consistent with being reformist. And yes, battling for reforms can slowly but surely distort one’s perceptions into becoming reformist. But the solution is not to reject reforms. It is not to reject ending wars, reject raising wages, etc. The solution is to seek and win reforms in non reformist ways that constantly emphasize the need to go beyond the momentary gain toward long term fundamental change.
Can you clarify a bit more the difference between being reformist and seeking a reform, but not being reformist?
One way to fight for something is to say it is good, it will help folks, and that will be that. This is typically reformist. Another way to fight, even for the same thing, is to say that winning it will be good because it will benefit people but also part of a process leading to much more. We should work for the gain in ways that develop commitment and organization for seeking more.
Take fighting for a higher wage. Is it better than not seeking the higher wage? Yes. But if you do it and never mention anything but the somewhat higher wage, your effort will be very limited. If you instead clarify and develop understanding of what a fully desirable income would be in a good economy so that the higher wage is viewed as only a step to a larger goal, the limits on what you are doing disappear.
In your books and articles you talk about decision making quite a lot. The most controversial suggestion, especially for movements that make a point of honor in the use of consensus as a decision procedure in their assemblies, arises when you use the example to suggest consensus is sometimes seriously flawed. How would you argue to convince a reluctant assembly to give up its non-authoritarian structures?
I wouldn’t. It is true that there are times, in a horrible world, where making progress requires things like secrecy and discipline in carrying out agreed plans. But I don’t see how or why that is controversial.
On the other hand, more controversially, I don’t think consensus is the height of anti authoritarianism. In fact, in many contexts, I think consensus is horribly ill conceived, even while in other contexts, it is excellent. In other words, consensus is a tactic, a method. It is sometimes appropriate, sometimes not, and certainly not something around which to rally in principle. To me, the alternative to authoritarianism is the norm that all people should have a say in decisions that affect them in proportion to the effect on them. Only in some circumstances does everyone having a veto abet that aim, and likewise for one person one vote majority rules. These are tactical approaches. For me, the principled aim they fulfill or not in different settings is self management.
A second issue extends beyond the immediate mechanics of the choice. Should we overcome and eliminate minority positions. Or should we respect them and even give them an opportunity to test and refine themselves. I favor the latter, obviously. This is what diversity really means.
More generally, and this does engender much controversy, I think that some people feel that unless each person can do whatever he or she wants, there is authoritarianism. Conversely, for people with this view, anti authoritarianism means everyone should be able to do whatever they want all the time, regardless of the views of others. To me, honestly, such a stance is anti social.
Suppose we are in a workplace. Let’s say we workers collectively agree the work day ends at 5 PM. But I say hold on, I want to work after 8 PM. If I get to do that, it will mean others who I depend on will have to do so as well, and the lights will of course be on, and so on and so forth. But I want it. Do I get it? No. This would be nonsense. I should not get it. I should be able to impact the decision of work hours proportionately to its effect on me, as should everyone else. And if I am part of a strong minority perspective it should be explored rather than simply eliminated due to the whole group collectively agreeing on something else. But still, there is a place for discipline once there are agreements.
One’s social commitments and responsibilities, even if they aren’t precisely what one would prefer, are not necessarily impositions. Indeed they can be part and parcel of being a caring and social human.
Talking about polemical questions, perhaps one of the biggest taboos in the left is classism. Nowadays even the right questions its prejudices around gender, so why does the left (even the most ideologically progressive) maintain the prejudice of classism and corporate division of labor (in their projects, newspapers, movements, etc.)?
Neither the right, nor left, became enlightened about gender issues until women and then gays and trans people forced the issues into visibility and battled for dignity and influence in society – a struggle that is still occurring. And when these constituencies did this, one component of their effort was certainly about equal pay, but another component was about a view of social relations and what is just and what is not.
Now take class. Historically there has certainly been tremendous effort regarding matters of material benefit, but there has been much less regarding the social relations of class. And the latter, when it has been present at all, has been distorted, at least in my view.
Often we address wages. Sometimes we address owners above and workers below and even the psychology of the owning class as opposed to that of working people. And few on the left are reticent about criticizing owners. So why does your question resonate, nonetheless? I think the answer is twofold. First, while most leftists can and do condemn profit seeking, not that many are clear about an alternative. In comparison, when people condemn treating women or gays or others as inferior and reject restraints on their lives because of their gender or sexual preferences, they also know that the alternative is to treat people equally, period. In contrast, with owning versus working, some, even on the left, lack clarity about the alternative which is no more ownership of productive property.
However, I think a much bigger issue is that society doesn’t just have two centrally important classes owners and workers. There is a third, coordinator class. Owners own. Coordinators work for income paid by owners, but they occupy economic roles that empower them. Workers also get wages from owners, but they occupy roles that disempower them. Workers do various tasks. So do members of the coordinator class. Workers tasks are typically rote, repetitive, and carried out in response to orders from above. For these reasons the tasks workers do convey little knowledge or confidence. Coordinators do tasks that convey confidence and information. They make decisions. Their work gives them social ties. It empowers them.
Due to this difference in circumstances, coordinators, who are roughly 20% of the population in developed economies, rule over workers, who are roughly 80%. The coordinators oversee and even define the daily circumstances of the workers. The coordinators set agendas, define relations, issue instructions. The workers obey. So what does this have to do with classism being largely out of sight in left discussion?
Suppose we go back to the analogy. Consider the left when it was dominated by men, say, or by whites, and when there was no real discussion of that condition much less effort to alter it. At such times, the discussion of sexism and racism wasn’t completely absent, but it was horribly limited. It was typical to decry rape and lynching, but not the less dramatic day to day indignities that permeated society, and also the left, in those days.
Now switch back to class. The left does not typically incorporate in its own operations people who own the left. There is some of that, I suppose, but not very much, so the issue of ownership is not off limits. Broaching it hurts no one on the left.
The left does include, however, the behaviors and structures associated with some people doing overwhelmingly empowering work and by virtue of it largely dominating other people who do overwhelmingly disempowering work. So while it is fine on the left to give attention to the need to be nice about being a manager, doctor, lawyer, engineer, etc., there is very little left attention to the underlying social division of tasks being unjust. To the injustice of the corporate division of labor would adversely affect a subset of leftists, and it is a subset that decides what is addressed and what isn’t.
In other words, while the institutionally driven dynamics between owners and wage slaves is welcomed as part of left consciousness and focus because it has no adverse implications for leaders of the left, the institutionally driven dynamics between people who monopolize empowering tasks and those who do rote tasks is barely part of left focus at all, and when it is addressed, it is without depth of understanding, because addressing this would dramatically impact leaders of the left.
Today, with the reduction of power of the labor movement, it often seems as if there is nothing outside of capitalism’s reach. If our own daily life is engulfed by neoliberal practices and the capitalist way of life, can we successfully resist without a non-capitalist foundation for our thought? Without a vision that goes beyond capitalism?
Capitalism extended its logic throughout society in the past, too. In some cases, things like company towns made it arguably even more true earlier, I suspect, though other aspects are, I agree, becoming steadily capitalistic now, such as education. Mainly, though, I agree that now, in the past, and in the future, if we take our insights from what is habitually all around us, it becomes difficult for us to escape the assumptions of society. We do need to be aware of what exists, lest we be unrealistic, but we also need to emphasize what we desire lest we replicate society’s relations.
In that regard, considering Latin America, many on the left feel that on the one hand, there is the nouvelle gauche that was formed with Chavez, Lula, Morales, and Correa, and renovated capitalism, and, on the other hand there is the contemporaneous indigenous revolt and communalization (that began with the creation of the Shuar Federation in Equatorial Amazonian in 1964 and gained momentum with the Zapatistas of the EZLN in Mexico) and in the urban sphere, for instance, the cooperative worker movement (Movimiento Nacional de Fabricas Recuperadas, Los piqueteros, etc.) in Argentina. Are these incompatible visions? If the end is to create a new world, which of these perspectives do you think is politically and strategically more important?
Is changing society for the better via grass roots activism in communities and workplaces contrary to changing society for the better via government programs? My answer is yes and also no.
Yes, because change “from above” and change “from below” often harshly conflict even if there are sincere desires by both participants to win the same changes. The dynamics of “from below” are typically, though not always, consistent with propelling growing strength below and diminishing strength above. The dynamics of “from above” are typically, though not always, consistent with propelling growing strength above and diminishing strength below.
However, though the negative “from above” dynamic is often aggravated even by forces seeking good from above – this does not have to be the case. Movements can win control of various official structures and use them not only to respond to pressure and institute changes demanded from below, and not only to sometimes go beyond what is being actively demanded from below, but, also to enlarge the room for maneuver and the resources available to those below, so that power from below grows and power from above diminishes.
People who want a world with self management should certainly be attuned to the dangers of trying to utilize the master’s tools to unseat the master’s programs. Any such endeavors should emphasize enhancing popular power while diminishing state or corporate power, even if the latter is being used to do good things. My impression is that too many left activists have not merely been aware of the dangers, which is appropriate, but have taken for granted that the dangers are inevitable. For them, this rules out working steadfastly to assist the effort to avoid the dangers of from above and to multiply the benefits, which have indeed been impressive.
To many it seems that capitalism has already become a kind of living corpse. What remains of the carcass of the capitalist ship? Should society around us only be seen as a tactical resource (for breaking up, gradually making it obsolete) or does the strategy to take over the ship and proceed by using its complex structures still make sense?
I suppose metaphorically capitalism could be called a living corpse because it is so damn morbid. But what remains in place and operating is the whole damn thing.
Capitalism does not designate all of society – which also has a polity, culture, kinship, etc. – but just the economy. And the heart of capitalism is private ownership of productive property plus remuneration for bargaining power, a combination of market and authoritarian allocation, and a corporate division of labor. All of that persists. Far from being dormant, like a corpse, its energy, while brutal and even suicidal in many respects, is immense. I think this question is essentially the same as the last one. Can we navigate within the confines of what capitalism gives us, or will navigating in its domain inevitably rope us back into preserving it?
I heartily agree that we should certainly put some of our energy into creating new structures and relations we can operate in, instead of working only in those bequeathed by the past. But this observation in no way trumps the realization that people have to eat, have to deal with health, have to relate to schools, have to live in communities, and have to work and consume, and all of that entails engaging with institutions that are imprinted with the logic of today and not the logic of our desires for a better future.
We who want to revolutionize society have no choice but to do so even while we navigate society as it is, including suffering its pressures to conform. Until we attain a new future, we have to do a great deal of our living, and our organizing, within structures from the past. That is unavoidable. The task is to do it in ways that constantly subvert pressures form the past and ratify preferred features of our desired future.
Do you think that sometimes electoral participation makes sense?
Yes. Are the Venezuelan people, from their barrios and at work, fools to vote? Are the Greeks, the Spaniards?
Could mistakes be made in voting? Of course. Could electoral efforts swirl into old patterns becoming, eventually, that which they opposed? Yes. But is the solution to not make the efforts? Sometimes it is, but not always.
Show me a Greece, Venezuela, Bolivia, much less a U.S. where popular movements in the streets have a direct route to becoming sufficiently strong and insightful to transform society’s institutions which path doesn’t include the massive consciousness raising exercise of elections, and doesn’t include the stabilizing option of creating room to move and winning lasting gains by holding power, and doesn’t include enlarging organizing capacity throughout the population via using that power – and, yes, I will agree with the entreaty that Greeks, Venezuelans, Bolivians, much less Americans, ought to take that path and not risk getting waylaid by the dynamics of relating to elections and holding government office. But while I respect and have no problem with others seeking such a path and trying to build such a path, and even navigating what seems to them to be such a path – so far, I haven’t been impressed that such a path actually exists much less would reach the better future faster, with less social cost, and with less likelihood of later unravelling.
On the question of power, it seems clear that both participants in protest movements and ordinary people (see, for instance, the electoral abstention levels in Europe) have realized that the democratic project does not match with the representative democracy model.
I agree, folks see that contemporary democracy is horribly flawed. But what they do about that depends, doesn’t it? Greeks voted, Venezuelans voted. American leftists, not so much and sometimes not at all. But when I say there is a place for elections – I am saying there is a place for people making choices by casting ballots. That doesn’t imply that the electoral methods we now have are optimal or even remotely desirable.
Regarding economics, popular confusion seems stronger. It still seems nearly impossible for ordinary citizens, and even for a good part of activists, to see beyond commonplace claims that an economy without capitalism is fiction. Do you agree that in general terms ordinary people have noticed the lie of democracy but still keep a progressive and egalitarian ideal of democracy – yet at the same time they cannot imagine a future without capitalism? What remains to be done in this area to get people to believe in another type of economy and economic relations?
Yes, I agree, though I might want to add that even for the polity, folks aren’t very sure about what ought to exist to manifest real self management in political functions.
But regarding the economy, I agree there is a much greater degree of fatalism. People feel that if we want to have jobs, to have products, to eat, even to survive – then our only option is a rat race economy in which even the winners are rats. Our only option is an economy that causes respect, mutual aid, and support to be badges of failure, and greed and domination to be badges of success.
People have been convinced by competitive pressure, grotesque inequality, the seemingly inexorable domination of a few who seem – and I stress seem – to be somehow more productive or clever or worthy, and the commodification of everything from eating to breathing and from communicating to loving, that there is no alternative. And yes, I believe this fatalism is arguably the largest obstacle to social change.
There was a line in a song in the sixties, “paranoia strikes deep, into your life it will creep” – and to me it was about how threats and acts of violation, spying and repressing, cause people of good will to lose focus and direction and even to curl up in fear or want to arm themselves and coerce others. Actually, sadly, we often even abet the paranoia inducement by talking almost endlessly about the spying and the repressing, and almost not at all about our aims, agendas, and positive alternatives.
But the thing is, important as it sometimes may be, fear is not the biggest impediment, I think, to participation in struggles for change. Cynicism – which appears to those suffering it to be entirely rational – is far more powerful.
People think that fighting against poverty, war, and injustice is a lost cause because these phenomena are unavoidable outgrowths of the human condition. However grim, these horrors are a necessary price we have to pay, or at least some of us have to pay, for humanity to survive at all.
The irony is, though it is true that with our current institutions this price must be paid, it isn’t true because of a human attribute. It is because we live in societies structured to make it true. And people don’t see that, and honestly I think people in large numbers won’t see it sufficiently to mobilize and win a new social system until and unless movements convincingly describe the possibility of better relations. There will be no successful movement to escape capitalism until there is widespread agreement that there is superior life beyond capitalism.
One main argument for the supposed impossibility of alternatives remains related to the image/concept of the human being (the dominant culture, with long term effect amongst others the economic sciences, reached to create). Following this image, violence and self interest are substantial elements of human culture (which prevent even thinking that solidarity, equity, and self management would working principles). What do you reply confronted with these preconceptions?
Someone says to me – but people are evil. People are greedy, self centered, violent, etc. It is human nature. Trying to attain a better society is whistling into the wind. It is a fool’s errand. You may want a better world, but we have a human world, and we are stuck with it. Human nature dictates it. I have a number of ways I reply.
Saying something is possible given our human nature is one thing. Yes, we know being greedy, violent, etc. is possible. We see it – so obviously it is possible. But saying something is driven by human nature, the way we all have a liver, or we need to breathe oxygen, or we need water, and so on, is very different.
So – suppose you say we have greed, or violence, or rape, or whatever because it is wired into our natures like having a liver is, or needing water. That means you think everyone that you have ever known, and you, are greedy, exert violence, or rape, like you need water. Do you really think that?
Or, imagine you are looking out a window on a very hot day. A big guy comes down the street and there is a little child there with an ice cream cone. The big guy grabs the cone, swats the child into the gutter, and walks on. Do you think to yourself there goes a fine specimen of humanity acting out the human nature we all share, or do you think, there goes a pathological thug?
Or, can you think of anyone you know, or in all history, who is not greedy, violent, a rapist, etc.? If you can, that is a problem for you. You can’t think of anyone who doesn’t need water or oxygen or who doesn’t have a liver.
Or, suppose there is one good person – your grandmother, say, or whoever, in all the world. You can’t explain that person, given your view of human nature intrinsically producing anti social people. Innate evil plus surrounding institutions that either promote or stifle sociality and that either punish or enlarge greed would not yield even one good grandma. But I can explain every other person being violent, greedy, anti social, without it being driven by human nature as long as you will grant me that we live amidst institutions that aggressively and incessantly produce those traits – which, of course, we do.
And finally, suppose you are right, I might say. Let’s assume, against reason, that human nature has a strong proclivity toward violence, rape, greed and so on, and it includes very little push toward more social traits. Why would it follow from that dreary picture that we should have institutions that promote and reward all the anti social behaviors, rather than institutions that diminish their presence and promote and reward, instead, social traits?
Human nature is very complex. Beyond the obvious we actually don’t know much about it. Good novelists perhaps know most, not biologists. But what we need to know, and can be sure of, is simple and obvious.
In some contexts people will manifest quite horrible actions. In other contexts, people, and even the same people, will manifest very delightful and even wonderful actions. The upshot is trivial. We ought to have societies with the latter contexts ubiquitous. And that is precisely what we mean by seeking a worthy, desirable, society…
Speaking about a desirable society let's focus now on the economic vision of Parecon (abbreviation of Participatory Economics), which you theorize in depth and in an accessible manner for ordinary citizens. Where do you find points of contact with the Parecon vision and with what occurs day to day in movements, now?
Participatory economics rests on a very few key values and a few institutions conceived to implement them. The values are self management, solidarity, diversity, equity, and ecological sanity.
The institutions are worker and consumer councils that use self managing decision methods; income for the duration, intensity, and onerousness of the socially valued work we do; jobs that are balanced for empowerment effects so we all do tasks that comparably elevate our capacity to engage with others, to have ideas about our work, and to manifest them; and a cooperative collective negotiation of the inputs and outputs of economic exchange that we call participatory planning.
I think there are countless connections between this broad economic vision for the future and the actual struggles people wage within economies today. The connection rests on how we choose what to fight for and even more so on how we talk about it, and also on how we organize ourselves in our movements.
Take fighting for higher wages, or against the military budget, or for shorter workdays, or, somewhat differently, take creating a new cooperative workplace. In the first three cases, we seek. let’s say, a $15 an hour minimum wage, a lower budget allotment for weapons, or a shorter work week. If we are informed by a participatory economic vision, we will talk about what we are seeking by arguing our full beliefs – for example, the virtue of people getting income for how long they work, how hard they work, and with what kind of hardship; the desirability of workers and consumers deciding inputs and outputs in a collective and self managing way in light of full social costs and benefits; and the good sense of a workday fitting people’s actual needs for work time versus leisure time. Because of the emphasis we have, it becomes clear during struggle that while a higher minimum wage is good, those doing the most onerous and debilitating work for long hours should not be paid a minimum compared to others, but a maximum. A military budget should not only be reduced, but chopped to smithereens, and, even more, the choice in the first place ought to rest with those affected, not with an unreachable bureaucracy above the population. Likewise, workday length should depend on the desires of workers for leisure versus income, not on the desire of owners for profits. In each case, the battle continues after winning the demand. The discussion prepares the way for seeking more.
Or take the case of seeking a new workplace co-op. A left perspective of nearly any kind says, okay, let’s set up this new project without an owner above us. But a participatory economic perspective adds to that attention to having self managed decision making and equitable remuneration, and, in particular to having a new approach to dividing up tasks into jobs consistent with everyone being readied by their work day to participate in decision making.
Obviously, as with other questions, there is much more to say, about all that, but many things stand between participatory economics as an idea or a vision, and its real world implementation.
And what is the main obstacle that prevents people from deciding to put this vision into practice?
Certainly opposition from those who currently benefit most from existing economic relations is a very real and powerful obstacle. But I think your last question pinpointed a still bigger one. The power of the people, if utilized, really is bigger than the man’s technology – to use an old Sixties slogan. It is bigger, too, than the establishment’s police and media. It is bigger than moneybags’ ego and billfold. But, the power of the people is only as large as the people willingly manifest. So the obstacle we have to overcome is people’s fear to try, on the one hand, and even more so, their doubt and even utter disbelief that there is anything worth winning.
We don’t march down the streets of capitals around the world demanding that the grim reaper, death per se, retire. And it is sensible that we don’t do that. Grim as the reaper is, natural death is a reality. The problem is that most people think death by starvation, death by preventable disease, death by slow and steady denial of dignity, death by bullets and bombs, is like death at the hands of honest biology and a merciless clock. Just a fact to be accepted. But it isn’t. It is crime. And it is avoidable.
To march and rally and organize against socially imposed death and for a world that eliminates all that and replaces it with conditions of equity, participation, dignity, and popular power, is not just possible and desirable, it is absolutely essential to having any future at all, much less to having a better future.
(Utopie/March, 2015)
Impressum, Kontakt, Newsletter, Datenschutz
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Warwick Awards for Teaching Excellence (WATE)
Giving WATE to...
Professor Michael Scott
Giving WATE to Dr Michael Scott
Dr Michael Scott won a WATE award in 2016. He says it's helped him, his department, and most importantly, his students.
What did WATE help to fund for Classics?
A replica Greek Kylix
The first thing I want to report back on might seem small, but it's a great addition to our collection: we funded a replica of the famous Exekias ‘Dionysus’ kylix from the fifth century BC.
These drinking cups are used in our first year Greek Culture and Society module, and whenever we recreate a symposium, we ask students to try drinking from one. They bring history to life in such a tangible way; it's no longer just 2D images in textbooks - it helps them to realise how people engage with the images on these vessels.
Digital technology for podcasting
We're enormously keen to develop podcasting as part of teaching and outreach work. We invested some of the funding into technology which will let us create and edit high-quality recordings, both in the classroom and out in the field. These will be used specially for our new widening participation project called '2020 – Advocating Classics Education'.
Ancient Global History Research and Teaching
As I write this, I'm on a Leverhulme Research Fellowship researching the trade of luxury goods in antiquity between the Mediterranean, Asia, India, and China, and the WATE funding has helped to pay for some extra research books for this project. All this work will feed into a new teaching module I've designed for next year called 'Ancient Global History from Confucius to Constantine'.
Oiko.world digital portal
This is one of the most exciting initiatives we're launching because of the WATE award and an earlier Warwick Impact Fund Strategic and Departmental project. Oiko.world is a digital portal for people to find out more about the interconnections between ancient cultures from the Mediterranean to China.
We'll be getting staff and students to contribute to it (my students on next year's new module will be some of the first!) and it'll be integral to our digital resources going forward, and will help us inspire more people to have a real love of the Classics.
"It was an enormous honour winning the WATE award, and it's been incredibly helpful for us and for our undergraduates. It's helped us create a new module and new digital exercises in existing modules, and it's given us the potential to vastly expand our outreach work, inspiring future scholars to enjoy the wonders of ancient history too."
- Dr Michael Scott
What could your WATE award do? Find out more about funding today.
Page contact: William Rupp
Last revised: Thu 17 May 2018
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Did Obama Thread the Needle on Contraception Mandate?
Interesting how the media narrative can change really fast. This morning Obama was “boxed in” on his administration’s contraception mandate, caught between reproductive rights advocates (and regular folks via the polls) telling him to stand fast and a host of friends and enemies telling him he had to cave.
Yet the “compromise” he announced, which will require insurers to supply free contraceptives to employees of institutions refusing to offer such coverage on their own dime, got immediate endorsements from both the Catholic Health Association–representing the institutions whose employees were most affected by the whole issue–and Planned Parenthood.
No word just yet from the Bishops, who are already semi-on-record rejecting anything short of a mandate repeal, or at least an extremely broad “conscience clause” exception that includes non-institutional employers. Republican pols, of course, are all on record favoring not only repeal of the mandate, but of the entire health reform legislation that is the subtext for the whole dispute.
One thing is for certain-sure: Sister Carol Keehan, president and CEO of the CHA, who made today’s positive statement about the mandate as modified, is going to come under a withering attack for “selling out” her church, just as she was when she endorsed health care reform back in 2010.
But make no mistake: it just got an awful lot harder for conservatives to frame the mandate (as now formulated) as an assault on religious liberty that will drive Catholics back into the catacombs–or even affect the operations of Catholic hospitals and charities. Indeed, it will look a lot like one of those interminable disputes between “modern” and “traditionalist” Catholics–with the latter backing a church hierarchy with a rather notably reduced credibility these days–in which Catholic lay opinion is decisively, if often quietly, with people like Sister Keehan who actually do the charitable work of the church.
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Lost & Found: Underwater Ghost Town Resurfaces 30 Years Later
Article by Urbanist, filed under Abandoned Places in the Architecture category
Like a corroded time capsule, this submerged village has risen from the depths after being flooded decades ago when the local lake broke its banks and left Epecuen under dozens of feet of water. In 1985, a rare weather pattern broke a nearby dam first, then the dike protecting the town, quickly making most of it uninhabitable. Today, long-term changes in the regional climate have brought down the overall level of the lake, resurfacing the town.
Giving a tour of his devastated hometown, the man in the award-winning video above , Pablo Novak, claims his father predicted the return of water to the areas of land on which people were building back in the 1980s – at its peak, the place drew in over 25,000 tourists a year. Today, Pablo is the only remaining resident, slowly exploring the remnants now revealed as waters around the lake have lowered.
Located near Buenos Aires, it is hard to imagine that this place – with a permanent population of 5,000 at one point – was once a busy destination from tourists around the country and even the world, renowned for its high-salinity lake in which people came to bathe. This salt content is largely responsible for the high levels of damage done to the town’s buildings and infrastructure during its years underwater.
First, the fields began to flood, driving our narrator’s cows, horses, pigs sheep and goats back further onto land and forcing Pablo to buy a family home in a neighboring village. Now 85 years old, he always assumed the town would be rebuilt, but that has never come to pass.
Since the waters have receded, Pablo now tries to appreciate the solitude left in its wake and gives tours to those who come these days not to soak but to see the once-sunken village now risen once again to the surface. Images by Sam Verhaert, Jonathan Evans and Pablo Gonzales via Inhabitat.
See More in Architecture (or: Abandoned Places)
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Parkour for Lazies: The Bizarre British Lying Down Game
Liters of Light: DIY Solar from Used Bottles, Bleach & Water
Then & Now: Hybrid Images of a Deserted School in Detroit
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Rat monitor trial provides eradication i...
Rat monitor trial provides eradication insights
A pest monitoring trial undertaken on the Miramar Peninsula is a first step to understanding the scale of the predator issue facing the peninsula as the community gears up to eradicate pests and bring back birds and other native animals to the region.
The peninsula was surveyed in March using 281 chew cards placed by volunteers to record the presence of rats and mustelids ahead of Predator Free Wellington’s eradication campaign to make the peninsula predator free. It is already free of possums.
“The monitoring was really useful to understanding the job in front of us, with recordings of both target species (rats and mustelids) being made,” says Dr Philippa Crisp, Team Leader, Terrestrial Ecosystems and Quality, Greater Wellington Regional Council.
“It is interesting that the greatest numbers of cards chewed by rats were found on the peninsula coastline. Some of these sites are areas frequented by people (such as near carparks or picnic areas). Rats are attracted to food sources such as rubbish bins and dumping areas.
“There were only a few rat-chewed cards found in the urban areas, but this may be where the cards were placed, rather than because the rats weren’t present. For practical reasons, the cards were placed on street verges, but there may have been more rat chews recorded if they were positioned in back yards.”
Project director for Predator Free Wellington James Willcocks says the research will provide a benchmark against which populations will be monitored. “Local trapping groups are already out there doing a great job knocking back rat numbers. Data showing the impact of their activity on rat populations will help target eradication efforts.
Dr Crisp says that more research may be needed to ensure the eradication campaign is well targeted, including using cameras at some sites to properly identify the chews seen on cards and to encourage people to place cards in their backyards next time the monitor is completed
Another possible avenue of investigation could be of the distribution of ship versus Norway rats as it is suspected that many of the rats recorded by the chew cards around the coast may have been Norway rats. This is important for bird conservation as Norway rats show less of a willingness to climb and so are believed to have less of an impact on tree-roosting bird populations than ship rats.
The results of the survey were as follows:
Rat chews were found on 12% of the cards (31 out of 257). By far the most chewed cards were found around the coastline.
Six of the 257 retrieved cards (2%) were identified as mustelid. These were found in areas of natural bush.
Additionally chew marks of other species such as hedgehogs and mice were identified on the chew cards.
Predator Free Wellington is a partnership between Greater Wellington Regional Council, Wellington City Council and the NEXT Foundation, the objective of which is to eradicate predators in Wellington City to promote biodiversity within its borders.
Predator-free Wellington
Next Foundation
GWRC
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REGISTER FREE or Login
Road tests & first drives
Road Test Blocks
Volkswagen Caddy (2004-2015) review
Home >> Road Tests >> Raising the bar
The previous model Caddy saw the introduction of an environmentally-friendly BlueMotion model which has been revised to further improve efficiency, as well as the extended wheelbase Maxi version, that increases load volume from 3.2m³ to 4.2m³. But new additions this time around include a 4Motion all-wheel-drive model, a compressed natural gas version called EcoFuel, and the option of semi-automatic DSG boxes across the range.
There are three basic trim levels, Startline, Trendline and Highline, as well as a number of special edition models that typically add larger alloy wheels, special decals and sportier seats.
A smooth 1.6-litre four-cylinder engine created specifically for the new Caddy, joins a powerful 2.0-litre unit in replacing the old naturally aspirated 2.0-litre option, with a total of four different powers now available.
We tested a range of the new engines that included the 1.6-litre 74hp unit returning a claimed 49.6mpg which forms the base model and replaces the outgoing 68hp model, and the mid-ranged 101hp option - that is also used in the BlueMotion model. Power from the 2.0-litre engine, which wasn’t available at launch, comes in two guises, a 109hp unit used solely in the 4Motion and the range topping 138hp version.
The pick of the bunch is arguably the 101hp model that demonstrates excellent pulling power in third gear thanks to the 250Nm of torque available from 1,500-2,500rpm; however, the 74hp unit isn’t without a punch. Both demonstrate amazing refinement on the road where the higher powered Caddy felt exceptionally comfortable and quiet at 60mph and 1,900rpm.
Maximum payload for the range now extends from 681kg to for the entry-level Caddy, up to 753kg for the Caddy Maxi which gets twin sliding rear doors as standard. The Caddy is not available as a high roof model, but the two wheelbase options of standard and Maxi still allow load volumes of 3.2m3 and 4.2m3 respectively.
The loadspace is protected by rubber floor matting and half-height side panels for both models, and is accessible via rear doors that open to 180 degrees. A tailgate can be also specified on the regular Caddy.
Model Wheelbase Length Width Height Loadspace Length Loadspace Width Loadspace Height Volume Payload
L1H1 2681 4406 1794 1823 1781 1552 (1172) 1248 3.2 650-767
Cab Comfort
The cabin also feels lighter and bigger, and offers a number of useful storage points including large door bins, and smaller compartments for coins, keys or mobiles. We would have liked to have seen a closed glovebox for added security, and the half plastic mesh bulkhead (with solid plastic base) obviously didn’t help reduce road noise in the cabin but it didn’t sully the overall experience.
Material quality is high, and the cabin feels very well made and more than capable of standing the test of time. The layout and ergonomics of the dash are very similar to the larger Transporter, so it’s a clean and structured console that is functional without being inspiring. Nevertheless the Caddy is a pleasant van to spend any amount of time in.
The seats are not the best in the class for comfort – and are a little flat and unsupportive – but there is a good level of adjustability in the seat travel and larger drivers can stretch out their legs a great deal more than in some rivals.
Speed dependent power steering, coupled with a new aluminium subframe, anti-roll bars, independent strut suspension on the front and a leaf sprung rear axle, make the handling and ride quality of the new Caddy the best in its class. At slow and fast speeds, and even when fully loaded, the Caddy’s suspension smoothes out the road whilst still delivering high levels of feedback to the driver and plenty of grip through the 15inch 195/65 wheels.
Even the extra 325mm added to the wheelbase in the Maxi version doesn’t adversely affect the quality of the Caddy’s ride and is complimented by the excellent interior that includes a new look centre console that is more modern and robust looking than its predecessor.
Safety is assured thanks to a full height bulkhead, driver airbag, as well as Electronic Stabilisation Programme (ESP), Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD). The Caddy panel van is fitted with glazed assymetric rear wing doors as standard, which can be replaced with a tailgate as a no-cost factory-fitted option.
Hill-Holder Assist is standard on Bluemotion-plated vehicles, while Highline customers benefit from Fog and Cornering lights.
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles are backed by a network of over 100 dedicated Van Centres nationwide. Standard warranties of two years/unlimited mileage or three year/100,000 miles can be extended and service intervals are set at 18,000 miles or two years.
Residual values are particularly high for Caddy vans and good condition examples with standard mileage will not only command a premium over competitor models, but will be snapped up quickly too. A number of large fleets, most notably British Gas and Sky, run the Caddy in part due to their smart appearance, but mainly because of their excellent total cost of ownership.
Already a key player, the new Caddy has once again raised the bar for the sector. Euro-5 engines, improved economy and class leading comfort will ensure that the new Caddy stays a firm favourite with fleet buyers, and we can’t disagree.
Running costs and in particular residual values are a major plus point for the Caddy – which also offers a range of engine options including an entry-level 74hp unit. Three trim levels and various optional extras allow you to add considerably to the price of a Caddy, but in standard guise it is a well priced and competitively priced van.
Potential buyers should also consider the Ford Transit Connect, Fiat Doblo Cargo, Renault Kangoo and Citroen Berlingo as alternatives, each of which is more than capable of matching the Caddy for choice and practicalities – albeit without the brand appeal of the VW badge.
Doblò Cargo
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November 30, 2016 3:28PM PT
Rob Letterman to Direct ‘Pokemon’ Live-Action Movie for Legendary
By Justin Kroll
Justin Kroll
Film Reporter @krolljvar FOLLOW
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Rob Letterman has been tapped to direct the “Pokemon” movie “Detective Pikachu” for Legendary, sources confirmed to Variety.
Nicole Perlman and Alex Hirsch penned the script for the live-action film.
The news comes following the announcement that the company landed the rights to the “Pokemon” franchise after they were shopped around in early July. That deal came two weeks after the Pokemon Go app was released and became a worldwide phenomenon, so much so that it led to a 25% jump in the stock of part-owner Nintendo. The augmented reality game allows players to capture, battle and train the Pokemon virtual creatures.
The hugely popular Pokemon Go app recently saw the pocket monsters surge back into the pop culture consciousnesses. Pokemon was introduced in Japan in 1996 and has sold 279 million video games worldwide with 21.5 billion cards shipped to 74 countries, and an animated series spanning 19 seasons.
Universal Pictures will handle distribution of the live-action film outside of Japan as it has done with Legendary’s other films for years.
The Pokemon Company’s long-time movie collaborator, Toho, will handle distribution of the film franchise in Japan, as it has similarly done in its partnership with Legendary on the reboot for the Godzilla franchise.
Letterman is also attached to direct the “Dungeons and Dragons” movie for Warner Bros. He is repped by WME.
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Vegas Backstage Access (VBA)
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Liza Minnelli to Film Tony Award-Winning Special in Las Vegas on September 30
“Liza’s at the Palace” will be filmed in the Hollywood Theatre at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas on Wednesday, September 30 and Thursday, October 1, 2009. All of the material performed during her New York engagement will be included in the filming. The program will capture many of her greatest hits and also be an affectionate tribute to her godmother, the late Kay Thompson, who was a groundbreaking singer-dancer, songwriter, vocal arranger and musical director/vocal coach at MGM Studios.
As reported by BroadwayWorld.com and now confirmed by PBS, celebrating the one year anniversary of Liza Minnelli’s Tony Award-winning performance “Liza’s at the Palace,” American Public Television (ATP) will distribute the long-awaited special in December, 2009 and it will also be released on DVD in early 2010 by MPI Home Video.
Minnelli’s unanimously acclaimed Broadway performances were sold out for five weeks in December last year and fans around the world have been eagerly anticipating news of this broadcast.
The television event will be directed by Matthew Diamond and executive produced by JoAnn Young, Craig Zadan and Neil Meron. In addition to the Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event, Minnelli received a 2009 Drama Desk Award for her performances at the Palace.
Now in her fifth decade as an internationally celebrated entertainer, she has won every major show business honor including an Oscar, an Emmy, a Grammy, and four Tony Awards, making her part of a select group of performers who have won the entertainment industry’s top four achievement awards.
She will be joined in the Las Vegas filming by her Broadway co-star and musical director, the legendary pianist, singer and composer Billy Stritch. Her quartet of dynamic singer/dancers, Cortes Alexander, Jim Caruso, Johnny Rodgers and Tiger Martina will recreate their roles as the Williams Brothers, which included the young Andy Williams and his talented siblings.
The show will again be directed by Ron Lewis, the award-winning choreographer and director. Musical conductor/drummer is Michael Berkowitz, a well-known conductor of pop orchestras all over the world.
JoAnn Young has written and/or produced more than 50 television specials including documentaries and musical performances.
Craig Zadan and Neil Meron are the executive producers. Together their film and television projects have won six Academy Awards, five Golden Globes, 11 Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Peabody Awards. For television, their movies have amassed 69 Emmy nominations.
Tickets are now available at any MGM Grand box office and all Las Vegas Ticketmaster locations. Tickets also are available for purchase online at www.mgmgrand.com and www.ticketmaster.com.
Filed under entertainment, Las Vegas, Music, news, Performances, Uncategorized
Tagged as Billy Stritch, Broadway, Broadway shows, Craig Zadan, Emmy Awards, entertainment, Golden Globes, JoAnn Young, Kay Thompson, Las Vegas, Las Vegas Backstage Access, Las Vegas entertainment, Las Vegas news, Las Vegas shows, Liza Minnelli, MGM Grand, Michael Berkowitz, Neil Meron, New York, New York shows, news, Peabody Awards, Ron Lewis
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The TV star and his son had a sweet reunion on the set of their '90210' reboot. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Scott Baumgartner
The two have been getting closer as they vacation in Turks and Caicos. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
'Southern Charm's Ashley Jacobs Sounds Off on Being Labeled a 'Villain' (Exclusive)
In ET’s exclusive sit-down, Ashley Jacobs explains why she wanted to return to a group that wanted nothing to do with her. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Brice Sander
The comedian opened up about her former friend and her own close bond with his late mother. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Where Meghan Markle and Kate Middleton's Relationship Stands Now
Royal expert Katie Nicholl tells ET that the duchesses have become closer and have more in common after Archie's birth. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
'Bachelor' Creator Mike Fleiss Under Investigation by Police Over Allegations of Violence Against His Wife
The news comes one day after wife Laura Fleiss was granted a temporary restraining order against her estranged husband. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Javier Bardem in Talks for Disney's Live-Action 'The Little Mermaid': Who He Would Play
The Oscar winner is the latest Hollywood heavyweight in consideration for the undersea adventure. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other content, and more! ]]
Scott Baumgartner
TOP VEGAS EVENTS
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Vegas Backstage Access (VBA) · “Las Vegas’ Best Journalism & Photography”
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HomeAboutHistory
The primary mission of the Office of History and Research is the preparation and publication of an annual historical report of the 37th Training Wing for the wing commander. The office also responds to requests for information from the wing commander, members of the staff, other offices and units within the 37th Training Wing, tenant units, other DoD and government agencies, and the public. As we are the largest wing level history office in the Air Force we oversee and preserve the Gateway Collection consisting of the published histories of the 37th Training Wing and its predecessor organizations and those of Kelly Field. We have more than 80K+ photographs along with 100K+ documents in the collection.
37th Training Wing History
The history and honors of the 37th Training Wing extended prior to World War II, well before its 1953 establishment. In a major restructuring of the Air Force in 1948, wings generally replaced groups as the principal establishment commanding combat squadrons. However, the U.S. Air Force's principal combat heritage resided in the Army Air Forces combat groups active during World War II. Therefore, the Air Force extended temporary bestowal of combat group histories and honors to wings with the same numerical designations. As a consequence, the wing had bestowed upon it the history and honors of the 37th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) that was constituted on 22 Dec 1939. On 1 Feb 1940, the 37th activated at Albrook Field in the Panama Canal Zone flying P-26 "Peashooters" and P-40 "Warhawks" in defense of the zone.
Read a short history of the 37 TRW
USAF BMT Flight Photo Project
The USAF BMT Flight Photograph Project is a concentrated effort to collect approximately 119,000 of USAF Basic Training flight photographs from the inception of the USAF in 1947 to the present. The collection includes photos from all bases that conducted Air Force basic training including Lackland AFB, Texas; Sampson AFB, N.Y.; Parks AFB, Calif.; Keesler Field, Miss.; Amarillo and Sheppard AFBs, Texas. This collection will also include Air Force basic training that was conducted overseas.
USAF Lackland Officer Class Photo Project
A collection of officer training class photos from Lackland AFB.
These will include Aviation Cadets, Officer Candidate School and Officer Training School class photos from 1941 through 1993 (when the OTS mission left Lackland for Maxwell AFB, Alabama).
JBSA-Lackland History
The Former Lackland Air Force Base, now Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, dates from July 4, 1942, when the War Department separated the part of Kelly Field lying west of Leon Creek and made it an independent installation, naming it the San Antonio Aviation Cadet Center (SAACC). From its acronym many people called the base sack, sack-c, or, less affectionately, sad sack. Even with its own name, townspeople and most military leaders continued to think of it as a part of Kelly Field. The base bore three awkward and innocuous designations in the first two years after World War II, adding to the confusion. The War Department finally resolved the identity crisis on July 11, 1947, by naming the base for Brigadier General Frank D. Lackland. Lackland had originated the idea of an aviation cadet reception and training center for Kelly.
Read the entire JBSA-Lackland history
Lineage, Honors and Emblems
The unit lineage and honors statement is based on the historical facts most affecting a unit. These are found in letters from the Department of the Air Force and orders published by Major Commands directing organizational actions or awarding of unit decorations. The unit emblem is registered with the US Army Institute of Heraldry to insure the historic representation of the unit is maintained. The Organizational History Branch of the Air Force Historical Research Agency provided narrative information, Lineage and Honors Statements, and emblems included within. The wing's Chief, History and Research updated these to include the most recent actions or awards according to orders issued since the publication date of the official statement.
37th Training Lineage, Honors and Emblems
Enlisted Art Gallery
The history of the United States military aviation has been thoroughly recorded over the past century, but the predominant focus has been on pilots and planners, commanders and contingencies, leaders and luminaries. The stories and contributions made by Air Force enlisted men and women have remained in relative obscurity until recently.
Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, is changing this by exhibiting paintings telling the story of our enlisted men and women.
Air Force Enlisted Art Gallery Video
Office of History & Research
37TRW/HO
2320 Ste 2 Carswell Ave
Lackland AFB, TX 78236
DSN 473-2217
USAF Master Installation Maps 1953 *NEW*!!
BMT Flight Photo Project
The Hero's Walk at Lackland
The Carl Crane Collection
The Eager Beaver Newspaper
The Lackland Historian YouTube Channel
*John "Jake" Schuffert's "Air Lift Laffs"
STreets of Lackland
Plant enthusiasts would have loved the early names we had for the streets of Lackland; military members navigated around the early (and smaller) installation guided by names such as 'Oak boulevard' and 'Pine street.' However, this proved short lived and in 1952, all streets were renamed to recognize key figures in our young military aviation history. The names continue today and serve as a valuable point of education for our newest Airmen and a foundation for us all as we move into the future.
The Memorialization of Lackland Streets
Team Lackland Historian
The following are past editions --- more coming in the future!
Aerospace Medicine HX
A selected historical view of the USAF Aerospace Medical program (1951-1957).
Accomplished by Mr. John Pick, an intern from the University of Texas at San Antonio to the Office of History & Research
The Untold History of Aerospace Medicine
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Choir and Music
Unto a Perfect Man
It Is Written — Bible Studies
Here you can either listen or download the most current messages preached at our church. We hope you will find encouragement, inspiration and direction for your life through God’s word. Feel free to share the messages that most impact your life with your friends and family.
Preacher: Pastor Tom Glatts (17), Dr Arlene Taylor (3), Dr Alanzo & June Smith (2), Dennis Priebe (2), Pastor David Ellis (2), Lloyd Jura (2), Arun Sangar (2), Marilyn Banford (2), O'Brian Mvundura (2), Pastor Ern Brake (1), Pastor Luis Oconnor (1), Dr Alanzo Smith (1), Pastor Wesley Torres (1), Jessica Quezada (1), Daniel Quezada (1), Wes Sanchez (1), Jonathan Zita (1), Thandazani Mhlanga (1), Pathfinders (1), Dr Diane Burnett (1), Phil Brewer (1), Aaron Sikhosana (1). … (16 more)
Series: Building Stronger Families & Relationships (3), Fascinating Functions of the Brain (3), Victory in Jesus (2), Remnant and Its Mission (3), 0 (36).
Service: Sabbath Morning (43), Friday Vespers (3), Saturday Evening (1).
Date: January (2), February (4), March (4), April (4), May (5), June (3), July (2), August (3), September (3), October (7), November (6), December (4)
Ready or Not Sabbath Morning by Lloyd Jura — Dec 26, 2015
Peace On Earth Sabbath Morning by Pastor Ern Brake — Dec 19, 2015
All Israel Will Be Saved Sabbath Morning by Pastor Tom Glatts — Dec 12, 2015
Does Jesus Want Peace? Sabbath Morning by Arun Sangar — Dec 5, 2015
I Want to Know Him Sabbath Morning by O'Brian Mvundura — Nov 28, 2015
Believing Is Seeing Sabbath Morning by Pastor Luis Oconnor — Nov 21, 2015
My Mother's Song Building Stronger Families & Relationships series by Dr Alanzo Smith — Nov 14, 2015
Family as a System Building Stronger Families & Relationships series by Dr Alanzo & June Smith — Nov 14, 2015
7 Types of Marriages: Which One to Choose? Building Stronger Families & Relationships series by Dr Alanzo & June Smith — Nov 13, 2015
The Only Hope Sabbath Morning by Pastor David Ellis — Nov 7, 2015
Copyright © 2014-19 Westminster Seventh-day Adventist Church
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July 2016 – July 2019 Jul 2016 – Jul 2019
Mediterranean Fantasy Festival @ Hiawatha Playfield/Community Center
The Mediterranean Fantasy Festival – The longest running Belly dance AKA Raqs Sharqi, Raqs Baladi, ATS, Fusion, danse du ventre and more dance styles, in the Pacific NW. Co Produced by: Saroya Poirier, Saqra Raybuck
July 16 & 17 2016
The Twenty-Ninth Annual!
Mediterranean Fantasy Festival
2 Stages! Great Vendors! Great Food!
We welcome dances of the Mediterranean and Middle East, all incarnations of Belly Dance from the beginning BC to the present day AD. Traditional, Modern, ATS, New fashioned, old fashion, Imaginary, Folk Dances, Alternative, and just plain American Style Middle Eastern Belly Dance
Categories: Culture Dances Festivals Sales
Every Saturday, you’re invited to visit Seattle’s Vietnamese Cultural Center.
Categories: Culture
Explore the beach at low tide! @ Lincoln Park (beach) & Alki south beach
Join trained volunteer Beach Naturalists at Lincoln Park and South Alki/Constellation Park on the following dates this year for a free guided exploration at very low tide (please note the specific times for each day.) No reservations necessary; just look for signs at the beaches listed on the dates and hours below. Please note: low tide usually falls in the middle of the hours listed.
Search for tidepool animals during some of the best low tides of the year. Learn a bit of beach ecology and which animal is the most colorful – a sea star, a sea anemone, or a sea slug. Dress for the windy weather and wear shoes that can get wet and handle slippery surfaces. This program designed for adults and 3 and older. All children must be accompanied by an adult.
*Lowest summer tides
July 3*: 10 am–1:30 pm (Deaf Community beach walk)
July 4*: 10 am–1:30 pm
July 5*: 10:30 am–2:15 pm
July 6: 11 am-3 pm
July 19: 10 am-1 pm
July 20: 10 am–1:30 pm
July 21: 11 am–2 pm
July 31: 9:30–11:30 am
August 1: 9:30 am–12:30 pm
August 2: 10 am–1 pm
August 3: 11 am–1:30 pm
Not only will you witness the Puget Sound’s multitude of marine plants and animals, but you’ll also see advocates for these living wonders sharing their knowledge with beach goers – Beach Naturalists.
Beach Naturalists are local citizens who care about Puget Sound beaches and want to help protect them. More than 100 have volunteered to help people learn and enjoy area beaches this summer. Be sure to visit a local beach this summer and meet the Beach Naturalists. They know their beaches. They can help you enjoy the beach without harming it. They can tell you what sea stars eat, why barnacles stand on their heads and how moon snails lay their eggs. “The enthusiasm and excitement of our Beach Naturalists transfers directly to the public-it’s a wonderful infectious thing!” beams Janice Mathisen, Community Outreach at the Seattle Aquarium. “To be able to meet a family and educate them on what a treasure we have here in Puget Sound is amazing.”
Categories: At the beach For Families Kid Stuff Nature Walk Wildlife
Celebrate Recovery Dinner and Speaker Meeting @ Hope Lutheran Church
Celebrate Recovery Event, Monday July 25th:
Dinner and Speaker Meeting
Welcome Roger Stanton
Dynamic and inspiring speaker and ministry leader from Celebrate Recovery Champion Centre in Tacoma, WA.
6:00 Barbeque Dinner
7:00 Speaker Meeting
8:00 Small Group
9:00 “Solid Rock Café” Coffee and Snacks
** Childcare Provided **
(Corner of SW Oregon Street and 42nd Ave SW, West Seattle junction)
Categories: Dinners Health/Wellness Spirituality/Faith
Shake, Rattle and Roll! @ Neighborhood House High Point Center
At Neighborhood House in High Point: Hear trickster tales from West Africa and learn African drum rhythms with Gansango African Music & Dance. Make music with a bell, shaker or drum, and sing “Mary Had A Little Goat.” For all ages.
This year’s Summer of Learning program “Astounding Tales of Nature!” encourages reading and activities around science, technology, engineering, arts and math. The Library is offering hundreds of free programs all summer long for families, children and teens through Sunday, Sept. 4.
Library events and programs are free and everyone is welcome. Registration is not required.
Space is limited at library events. Please come early to make sure you get a seat. Due to the fire code, we can’t exceed the maximum capacity for our rooms.
Categories: Culture For Families Kid Stuff Music Story Times
Dinner and live music with Elvis (Bret Wiggins) @ Senior Center of West Seattle
Elvis Presley ’68 Comeback Special! Friday, July 29. Featuring Bret Wiggins as Elvis. 5:30 Happy Hour and photos with Elvis compliments of Gail Ann Photography, 6 pm dinner of Elvis’ favorite meatloaf, glazed sweet potatoes, collard greens, maple syrup cake.
Show starts at 6:30. $20 members/$25 non-members. Register by calling 206 932 4044 x1 or at www.sc-ws.org [2] online. Get your tickets early as this event fills up fast! Sponsored by Daystar
Retirement Village.
Register by calling 206 932 4044 x1 or online at www.sc-ws.org. Get your tickets early as this event fills up fast!
All proceeds go to the Senior Center of West Seattle. Sponsored by Daystar Retirement Village.
Categories: Dinners Music
2016 Summer Concert Series at The Mount @ Providence Mount St. Vincent
From The Providence Mount St. Vincent:
Date: Fridays Aug. 5, 12, 19, 26
Dinner: 5:30 pm – 7:30 pm
Live Music: 6:00 pm – 7:30 pm
Dinners are $8 for adults and $5 for children age 9 and younger. In addition to each featured menu, all dinners offer grilled hamburgers, veggie black bean burgers, hot dogs.
Bring your family and join in on the fun on The Mount’s south patio. Food and beverages available for purchase. Free popcorn and snow cones. Face painter available free of charge. Come early and get a good spot. SPECIAL NOTE: please bring your own lawn chairs or blankets as there is a limited number of chairs available for guests.
August 5th: Cherry Cherry (Neil Diamond Tribute Band)
Featured Entrée: Grilled Salmon Caesar Salad with Toasted Focaccia
Special Dessert: Outrageous Cherry-Cherry Bars
August 12th: The Haggis Brothers
Featured Entrée: BBQ Pork on a Ciabatta Roll with Spicy Slaw
Special Dessert: Carmel Apple Bread Pudding
August 19th: The 85th Street Big Band
Featured Entrée: Kalbi Ribs with Soba Salad
Special Dessert: Red Velvet Cupcakes with Cream Cheese Icing
August 28th: Danny Vernon as “The Illusion of Elvis”
Featured Entrée: Skirt Steak with Grape Tomatoes, Roasted Peppers, Crumbled Blue Cheese and Grilled Corn with an Herb Vinaigrette
Special Dessert: Mini Peach Pies with Streusel Topping
Aug 13 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Arts in Nature Festival 2016 @ Camp Long
The 2016 Arts in Nature Festival will return on August 20-21 at Camp Long. The festival is an eclectic experience of music, art, poetry and performance in the woods of Seattle’s only camp ground. The diverse lineup of artists includes music from indie rock to traditional Japanese folk, African dance, reggae, plus dance performance, poetry, and audio/visual art installations in the Museum of Sound.
Highlights of the artist lineup include Seattle’s favorite Clinton Fearon with Boogie Brown Band, Dixie Gypsy Project, Seattle Art Song Society, Etienne Cakpo with Gansango Music & Dance group and Seattle Art Song Society, with many others rounding out the weekend lineup.
The “arts in nature” concept encourages artists and audience members to engage in active participation both with each other and with the natural landscape of Camp Long. Performances will be intimate, ambient, and acoustic in three different venues throughout the park: in a forested grove by the Pond, on the climbing Glacier, and at the Mainstage in the Meadow.
Camp Long’s rustic cabins will house the MUSEUM OF SOUND where artists will take up residency for the weekend creating multidisciplinary installations blending sound, auditory arts, music and visual arts. The cabins meander through the forested perimeter of the park, and festival goers will have the opportunity to enter and
explore each cabin. Most of the cabins will have a hands-on component allowing attendees to interact with the artists’ work.
Installations include work by Markel Uriu, Shannon Noel, Amaranta Ibarra-Sandys and poetry and spoken word by Imani Sims.
In addition to viewing performances and installations, festival-goers can participate in poetry workshops, art activities, costumed hikes through the forest, and a beer garden sponsored by Fremont Brewing.
The Arts in Nature Festival is an annual event hosted by Nature Consortium, a West Seattle-based nonprofit that connects people, arts, and nature. The Festival is a longstanding tradition, made stronger this year with additional support from DNDA. Tickets for the festival are on sale for $10 per day or $16 for the weekend. To view the full artist lineup and purchase tickets today, visit http://fest.naturec.org.
The Arts in Nature Festival is made possible with support from The Boeing Company, Nucor, The Stranger, Fremont Brewing, KUOW, DNDA and Camp Long.
Categories: Art Celebration Culture For Families Kid Stuff Music
Sep 3 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Irish dance classes for children begin @ West Seattle VFW Hall
Comerford School of Irish Dance offers New beginner Irish dance lessons for children starting on either September 8 or 13 (2 separate schedules) at the West Seattle VFW.
Dancers can enroll in either Tuesday or Thursday classes, taught by the Comerford School of Irish Dance. The special Introduction to Irish Dance offer includes six lessons for $95.
To register, contact Mike at celticartsnw@hotmail.com.
Categories: Classes Culture Kid Stuff
Delridge Day of Dance @ Delridge Playfield
Sep 10 @ 12:00 pm – 6:00 pm
Let’s celebrate community and dance! This cross-cultural arts festival features traditional master artists, music and dance classes. The event will close with performances from featured artists of the day within an immersion of audience participation and experience. This event is funded by the Arts in Parks program, made possible by the Seattle Park District.
Title: Delridge Day of Dance
Location: 4458 Delridge Way SW, Seattle, WA 98106
Time: noon–6 pm
Facebook event page here.
Categories: Culture Dances Music
Children’s Moonlight Festival @ Vietnamese Cultural Center
The Children’s Moonlight Festival is known as Tết Nhi Đồng or Tết Trung Thu (Mid-Autumn Festival) in Vietnam. This event at the Vietnamese Cultural Center will include lion dance, story telling, tasty delights such as moon cakes (a traditional sweet treat), homemade lantern contest for children under 13, foods, games led by Boys Scout Troop 286 and a children’s lantern parade led by a lion dance. It is an exciting opportunity for families to visit, learn about, and participate in a Vietnamese tradition for children. Free admission. Donation are accepted. Thank you.
Please join us on Sunday, September 11, 2016 (3 pm-6 pm) at the Vietnamese Cultural Center.
Categories: Culture Festivals For Families Games Kid Stuff
Fiestas Patrias Parade and Fiesta/Community Fair @ South Park (see listing)
Celebrate the independence of Latin American countries at this colorful event. The parade staging area will be at the Sea Mar Community Care Center, 1040 S. Henderson St. It offically starts at 11 am. The parade ends at the South Park Community Center, 8319 – 8th Ave. S. The fiesta and community fair will follow the parade at the Community Center from 12 to 6 pm.
South Park Fiestas Patrias Parade and Fiesta/Community Fair
Categories: Culture Festivals For Parents Parades
Duwamish Native Plant Stewardship Day @ Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
Sept. 18th at the Duwamish Longhouse. A fun day to learn about Native Plant stewardship. Talks, walk, food & opportunities. https://www.facebook.com/events/1089287014512753/
Free activities. 10am -Restoring Duwamish Native Plants; 11:30 am-Lunch provided; Free Hey Duwamish! App; 12:30 pm-Edible Native Plants; 1:30 pm-Urban Gardening Hotline; 2:30 pm-Duwamish Alive: talk & walk along the Duwamish River to restoration site. Upcoming volunteer opportunities.
10–11:30 am–Local Native Plants—Planting & Cultivation–Steve Richmond, Garden Cycles and Nancy Sackman, Duwamish Tribe. www.gardencycles.com, www.duwamishtribe.org
11:30-12:30–Lunch provided. Hey Duwamish! App Demo—Mapping environmental projects along the Duwamish River. www.heydywamish.org
12:30-1:30–Edible Native Plants—Pam Bond Cello, Snohomish Tribe
http://www.edcc.edu/campuscommunityfarm/cultural-kitchen.html
1:30-2:30–Urban Gardening—Free TA Program—Laura Matter,The Garden Hotline, Seattle Tilth. Building an ecologically sound, economically viable and socially equitable food system. www.seattletilth.org
2:30-4 pm–Duwamish Alive—Upcoming Habitat Restoration Volunteer Opportunities– Talk at the Longhouse followed by walk along the Duwamish River to restoration site at Herring House Park. www.duwamishalive.org
This year, the Duwamish Longhouse is reforesting the hillside behind the Longhouse and Seattle Park’s Department is restoring 40 acres in the West Seattle Green Belt. Duwamish activities are funded in part by a grant from the King County Conservation District. http://www.kingcd.org/programs-grant.htm
Our project’s objectives are:
– to restore the Longhouse’s property’s ecosystem by providing a place to sustain native food and medicine, habitat and wildlife in relation to the Duwamish culture,
– to engage the public and raise educational awareness of the Duwamish native culture and its relationship to the restored ecosystem, and
– to work with community partners to increase public awareness of urban reforestation stewardship.
Categories: Environment Gardening How to help Nature Walk
Oktoberfest menu & live Bavarian music @ Elliott Bay Brewery Pub
Enjoy Oktoberfest at the Elliott Bay Brewery West Seattle location:
Join us at our West Seattle pub Saturday September 24th for October fest. We will be serving up some classic Bavarian dishes with West Seattle flair, we will also have live music from 6-9. Come and celebrate the beginning of the harvest season with us. Cheers!
Categories: Culture Music Restaurants
Seattle Opera’s ‘Hansel and Gretel’ preview lecture @ West Seattle (Admiral) Library
At the West Seattle (Admiral) Library: Preview lecture of Seattle Opera’s upcoming production of Engelbert Humperdinck’s “Hansel and Gretel.”
Join Norm Hollingshead for an entertaining preview lecture of Humperdinck’s “Hansel and Gretel.” With refreshing humor and Wagnerian orchestration, this atmospheric fable explores universal themes of poverty, peril, and bravery, culminating in happiness for all – save for one very bad witch!
This event is co-sponsored by the Seattle Opera.
Categories: Culture Music
Irish Set Dancing @ Kenyon Hall
Please join us for Irish set dancing at Kenyon Hall West. Lessons are in basics at 6:30 for new people then traditional dancing from 7 to 9 pm. No partner is necessary. A donation of $5 per person or $10 per family is requested. Jim Belcher will teach and call. Call Connie with questions:206-935-5648. Sponsored by Puget Sound Branch of Comhaltas Ceoltoiri Eireann. Live music by the Pride of Bothell.
Categories: Culture Dances
BHHSNW food drive for West Seattle Food Bank @ West Seattle Thriftway
Berkshire Hathaway Home Services Northwest welcomes your donations of food and cash for the West Seattle Food Bank on Saturday, October 1st, 10:30 am-2:30 pm.
Categories: Donation Drives Food Drive
Oct 1 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Free Chinese Corner classes begin @ Seattle Chinese Garden
Learn Basic Mandarin Chinese Conversation
All ages are welcome!
Free but donations are welcome !
October 4 – November 22, 2016
8 Sessions on Tuesdays, 4:30 – 6:00 PM
10/4, 10/11, 10/18, 10/25, 11/1, 11/8, 11/15, 11/22
Chan Education Center
6000 16th Avenue SW, Seattle 98106
North Entrance at South Seattle College (WSB sponsor)
Click here for more detailed information.
To register for Chinese Corner classes, click here.
Co-sponsor: Confucius Institute of the State of Washington
Categories: Classes Culture
Free concert: Ladies Musical Club @ West Seattle (Admiral) Library
Ladies Musical Club concert Sunday, October 9, 2016, 3–4 pm at the West Seattle (Admiral) Library:
Join us for a concert of 20th century American songs.
Songs by Amy Beach
Breanna Hanson, soprano & Lucy Wenger, piano
I Hate Music by Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990)
I.My mother says that babies come in bottles
II.Jupiter has seven moons
III.I hate music
IV.A big Indian and a little Indian
V.I just found out today that I’m a person too
Paper Wings by Jake Heggie(b. 1961)
I.Bedtime Story
II.Paper Wings
III.Mitten
IV.Smitten
V.Route to the Sky
Flames by Tom Cipullo (b. 1956)
Poisoning Pigeons in the Park by Tom Lehrer (b. 1928)
Another Reason Why I Don’t Keep a Gun in the House by Tom Cipullo
Tiina Ritalahti, soprano & Lucy Wenger, piano
Songs by Kam Morrill
Katie Hochman, soprano & Lucy Wenger, piano
Scene Five: “Autumn” from Bambi by Kam Morrill
Katie Hochman & Breanna Hanson, sopranos
Lucy Wenger, piano
The Ladies Musical Club is a corporation of women with the mission to foster classical music in the community through education, performance and awards.
Seattle Opera’s ‘Hansel and Gretel’ multimedia concert @ Kenyon Hall
Presented by professional singers and accompanist, join us at Kenyon Hall for a preview of Seattle Opera’s upcoming production of Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel with a multimedia concert followed by a community talkback.
With refreshing humor and Wagnerian orchestration, this atmospheric fable explores universal themes of poverty, peril, and bravery, culminating in happiness for all – save for one very bad witch! Deepen your enjoyment of this provocative, dreamy, and melodious opera as you get an inside look into Seattle Opera’s upcoming production. Featuring professional singers and an accompanist, this hour long presentation will take you on a journey through the story and music of Humperdinck’s masterpiece.
Oct 15 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Seattle Opera’s ‘Hansel and Gretel’ preview lecture @ Camp Long, Main Hall
Presented by professional singers and accompanist, join us at Camp Long (in the main hall) for a preview of Seattle Opera’s upcoming production of Humperdinck’s Hansel and Gretel.
Kid Friendly Food Drive begins; 50% Off Costumes
Starting Friday 10/21/16, get half-off Halloween costumes at Kid Friendly Footwear at Again & Again (WSB sponsor) with your donation to West Seattle Food Bank.
Bring a kid-friendly lunchbox donation for the School Children’s Backpack Program, and receive 50% off your costume purchase.
There’s a world of gently used kids’ costumes at Again & Again, from newborn baby to size 10+. A large portion of costume sales benefits WestSide Baby.
Kid Friendly Food Drive Wish List:
• Non-perishable single-serving lunchbox items
• Juice boxes and milks in shelf-stable containers
• Single-serving healthy snacks (grahams, pretzels, crackers, trail mix)
• Granola bars, fruit leather, dried fruit
• Individual-size meals (soup, pasta, noodles)
• Whole-grain cereal (oatmeal, etc.)
• No-sugar-added applesauce & fruit cups
• Staples: peanut butter, canned fruits, canned pasta, soups (can or aseptic container)
All food donations accepted, veg-friendly lunchbox items preferred.
Again & Again will have sugar-free treats during the Junction Harvest Festival, Sunday 10/30/16.
Stop by and say “Boo!”
Kid Friendly Footwear @ Again & Again
Consignment & New Useful Things
4832 California Ave. SW
www.againandagain.net
Monday thru Saturday 9 am–7 pm
Categories: Businesses Food Drive How to help Sales
Highland Park Elementary School Dinner and Square Dance
Highland Park Elementary School Dinner and Square Dance, on Friday October 21st from 6-9 pm. (free) dinner at 6 pm, and the dance is from 7-9 pm.
It’s a public dance with a live string band, everyone is invited, all ages & abilities! Donations will be accepted as a PTA fundraiser, Contact: hollybriscoe@hotmail.com if you have questions.
Categories: Benefits Dances Dinners Schools
Dia de los Muertos Potluck @ Highland Park Elementary School
Please join the Highland Park Community Thursday October 27th for our Dia de los Muertos Celebration from 5:30 to 7:30 in the Highland Park Elementary School Cafeteria. This is a potluck event, so bring your favorite dish to share. There will be music, food, dancing, arts and crafts and many more fun activitites.
Categories: Celebration Culture Holidays Music
Salmon Drumming at Fauntleroy Creek @ Fauntleroy Creek viewpoint
The annual drumming to call coho spawners into Fauntleroy Creek will be Sunday, October 30th, 5 pm at the fish-ladder viewpoint (SW Director and upper Fauntleroy Way SW). Bring whatever you consider a drum to the fish-ladder viewpoint for drumming, singing and dancing to call the coho salmon spawners into Fauntleroy Creek. Free and fun for all ages.
Categories: Culture Environment For Families Kid Stuff Wildlife
Annual Meeds Manor Haunted House
Previously located near PCC and WS High School, this is the second year at our new location, located at 5415 49th Ave SW in the Seaview neighborhood. The construction takes us over a month to put together. The haunted house will take you through the outside perimeter of our house with pirates, zombies, clowns, ghosts and more. This event is FREE for all ages. We are collecting non perishable food items for the West Seattle food bank.
Come get scared on Halloween night from 5pm-9:30 pm.
–Jessica and Chris Meeds
Categories: Food Drive FYI Holidays
Dia de los Muertos Celebration @ Youngstown Cultural Art Center
From the Delridge Neighborhoods Development Association‘s Cultural Events Series:
El Dia de los Muertos (the Day of the Dead) is a celebration in Latin America where family and friends come to celebrate and remember loved ones who have passed on. Join us for a viewing of the altar and ofrendas (offerings), sugar Calaveras (skeletons and skulls), performances, face painting and more! Food will be provided, open to the general public.
Tuesday, November 1st, 2016 from 5–8 pm
at the Youngstown Cultural Arts Center
http://dnda.org/culturalseries/events/
Inquiries or those interested in volunteering should contact Project Coordinator Nafasi Ferrell (nafasi@dnda.org) at (206) 935-2999
This event is free and open to the public!
Categories: Art Culture For Families FYI Holidays Kid Stuff
Longfellow Creek Watershed Walk & Salmon Watch @ Dragonfly Pavillion
Nov 5 @ 11:30 am – 1:00 pm
From Puget Soundkeeper Alliance:
Join us as we walk a section of Longfellow Creek in West Seattle to investigate the health of one of our local salmon runs. Longfellow Creek, which flows from Roxhill Bog to Elliot Bay, provides spawning habitat for a population of coho salmon every year.
A group of dedicated volunteers is working with Soundkeeper to monitor whether the coho in Longfellow reproduce successfully or succumb to stormwater pollution in the river and die before spawning (a phenomenon known as pre-spawn mortality). Every day for the duration of the salmon run, teams are documenting their observations of live coho and dissecting the dead carcasses to check spawning condition. Come join our Saturday group of volunteers and see them in action!
Also at the event will be groups from the Nature Consortium, Delridge Neighborhoods Development Association, King County Conservation District, and the City of Seattle to talk about wetland recovery, native plants, rain gardens, and what Seattle is doing to reduce the effects of toxic stormwater runoff on salmon populations and other wildlife.
This is a great way to observe one of nature’s most amazing migrations, get a taste of scientific field work, and learn more about what you can do to restore the health of our local waterways.
Equipment: Be prepared to get dirty. Wear athletic clothing and shoes that can get wet. We will be walking along the creek through some muddy areas.
Date: Saturday, November 5th
Location: Dragonfly Garden, 4107 28th Avenue SW, Seattle 98126
To RSVP: Email Kerry at kerry@pugetsoundkeeper.org or call (206) 297-7002.
Categories: Environment Nature Walk Wildlife
Nov 5 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Mission to Kenya – African Fundraising Dinner @ St. John the Baptist Episcopal Church
You are invited to the Mission to Kenya – African Fundraising Dinner by the Books & Bricks Organization.
You are invited to raise money for scholarships and a new library in Kenya. Tom Holford our main speaker just came back from Kenya and will be sharing stories and pictures about his travels to Mulundi Village, Kenya to meet with students, parents and teachers.
The dinner will be held on Nov 5th, 2016 starting 5 pm at St. John the Baptist Episcopal Church Parish Hall.
Event tickets are $15 a ticket. Please RSVP to Mike at 206 280 2440 or exforester2015@gmail.com.
www.booksandbricks.org
www.sjbwestseattle.org
Categories: Culture Fundraising Dinners How to help
Neighbors Helping Neighbors benefit for WS Helpline @ The Hall at Fauntleroy
Our annual fall event, the Neighbors Helping Neighbors Dinner & Auction, is just around the corner. Not only do we LOVE spending a fun night out with our friends and neighbors–this event raises critical funds and awareness for the West Seattle Helpline’s emergency assistance programs.
Time: 6:00 – 9:00pm
Location: The Hall at Fauntleroy (9131 California Ave SW)
Buy your ticket(s) here.
Categories: Dinners Fundraising Dinners
Nov 12 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Dine Out Event supports Foodbank (and food drive event) @ Peel & Press
Nov 16 @ 12:00 pm – 11:00 pm
Peel & Press (WSB sponsor) will be taking 20% of Wednesday’s sales (both lunch and diner) and using that money to buy Turkeys and other holiday trimmings to help support the food bank in making sure every family can have a great holiday season. We will also be collecting canned goods and turkeys that night as well! The only thing people need to do is come down and have some tasty food and we will take care of the rest!
Categories: Benefits Food Drive
African AllStars perform @ Youngstown Cultural Arts Center
For one night only – catch the African AllStars at Youngstown Cultural Arts Center Theatre. Enjoy a 1.5 hour extravaganza of high flying dance moves and energetic rhythms! Revel in the sounds of the Djembe, Kora, Krin, Dunduns and Shekere while watching choreography both modern and traditional. The artists, men and woman, are professionals from the best dance companies of both Guinea and Congo, West Africa. All now practice their art form in the cities of the United States and come together for one night in Seattle to play.
Doors open at 7 pm
Show 7:30–9:15
Tickets: $20 adults, $10 kids age 5–15
Kids 4 and under FREE on lap
More details about the AllStars show can be found at www.DouniaDjembe.com.
Fundraising dinner for local Key Clubs @ West Seattle High School
The local Key Clubs from around West Seattle are hosting a Spaghetti Dinner at West Seattle High School on November 18th, from 6:45 pm – 8:45 pm!
At this event, there will be raffle prizes, cake walks, a photo booth, and so much more!
Tickets to enter are $10, and everyone is welcomed!
There will be a dessert potluck, so please feel free to bring your favorite sweet dish!
Thank you for supporting your local Key Clubs!
For more information, please contact Alex Ylagan through her email: ylaganalex@gmail.com
Junction True Value Christmas Open House and Food Drive
Nov 19 @ 10:00 am – 2:00 pm
Join us for Junction True Value Hardware’s annual Christmas Open House on Saturday, November 19th from 10 am to 2 pm at 4747 44th Avenue SW in West Seattle. New this year is an ugly sweater contest from 10 am to 2 p.m. The winner receives a $100 Junction True Value Gift Card!
Sing along with the Christmas carolers. Enjoy homemade cookies; hot apple cider; free popcorn; free gifts; and spin-to-win prizes. Enter drawings for a Weber gas grill and a boy’s bike and girl’s bike.
Once again, starting November 12th, we will have a donation area set up to benefit the West Seattle Food Bank. Please bring non-perishable, canned and packaged foods to the Christmas Open House. We’ve got a big container to fill and we need your help!
Junction True Value Hardware truly appreciates your business and we look forward to seeing you at the Open House
Questions? Call Becky at 206-384-9995.
Categories: Food Drive Holidays How to help Open Houses
YMCA’s Turkey Day Workout @ Fauntleroy YMCA
At the Fauntleroy YMCA:
Join your workout buddies for a special Thanksgiving Day workout at the Fauntleroy YMCA. Dance and shake in ZUMBA®, strengthen your core in Yoga/PiYo® or increase your heart rate in Group Cycle! Free for all. Please bring a non-perishable food item for the West Seattle Food Bank. Only the gymnasium, small chapel and cycle room will be open. No child care. No locker rooms. Doors open 15 minutes early and close when classes start at 8:30am.
ZUMBA® in the gymnasium.
PiYo® & Yoga in the small chapel. Must bring own mat. (Limit 15)
Cycling in the cycle room. (Limit 20)
Doors open 15 minutes early and close when classes start – don’t be late! Due to the construction project, we will not have a Turkey Day workout at the West Seattle YMCA.
Free for all! Bring your friends, family and neighbors. Please bring a non-perishable food donation for the West Seattle Food Bank.
https://apm.activecommunities.com/seattleymca/Activity_Search/turkey-day-workout/48564
Categories: Fitness Food Drive Holidays
Group Run at Alki
From Lori McConnell at West Seattle Runner (WSB sponsor): We have decided to do a group run on Thanksgiving Day at 9am on Alki. We will meet in front of the Tully’s on Alki. We thought it would be fun to get moving before we get eating. We will meet at Alki in front of the Tully’s at 9 am. Please feel free to bring canned food items that we will deliver to the foodbank. We will collect food AFTER the run in front of Tully’s. We invite you to stay for coffee and socializing after the run. This will be a 3 mile group run, out and back along Alki, so nice and flat. Happy Thanksgiving!
Categories: At the beach Fitness Food Drive Holidays
Free Thanksgiving Day Dinner @ South Park Neighborhood Center
Thanksgiving Day Dinner
South Park Neighborhood Center
Sponsored by the South Park Senior Center
There will be things for children to do
Categories: Dinners Holidays
Duwamish Native Holiday Gift Fair @ Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
The Duwamish Tribe invites the public to its Longhouse Thanksgiving weekend for a Native Holiday Gift Fair. Buy directly from native artists and craft persons. Lots of holiday spirit and a big lighted tree. Unique gifts in every price range– fine art, native crafts, regalia, cards, jewelry, t-shirts, smoked salmon and more. Snacks: soup of day, hot chocolate and more. Celebrate National Native American Heritage Day on Nov. 25th! Free admission and parking for shoppers.
What: Native Holiday Gift Fair
When: November 25-27, 2016, 10 am-4 pm
Where: Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
4705 W Marginal Way SW
www.duwamishtribe.org
Categories: Art Culture Holidays Sales
HomeStreet Bank holiday event, food drive, Santa photos
HomeStreet Bank (WSB sponsor) is throwing a Holiday Celebration Friday Decenber 9th, 3:00–6:00 pm at its West Seattle branch where photos with Santa are complimentary with a suggested donation of canned or non-perishable food items for the West Seattle Food Bank (cash/check donations will also be accepted). Hot cider and cookies will be served.
Categories: Food Drive Holidays
Windermere Santa Paws pet photos @ Windermere West Seattle
Dec 10 @ 10:00 am – 1:00 pm
It’s the annual Windermere Santa Paws event!
Date: Saturday Dec. 10th
Place: Windermere WS
This is a free event that invites families, and their pets, to come take a picture with Santa! We are accepting canned food donations for the West Seattle Food Bank.
Categories: Food Drive Holidays Pets
Dec 10 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Artful, Therapeutic, and Informed Weeding at Lincoln Park
Dec 14 @ 8:30 am – 11:00 am
With Naturalist Stewart Wechsler:
Wednesday, December 14th 8:30 am–11:00 am, Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures offers: Artful, Therapeutic and Informed Weeding:
Help preserve our natural heritage for future generations. Learn the best strategies to help declining local, wild rarities grow back, as we protect them from weeds. The wealth of our ancient, unique, local natural community, has been in decline ever since the first global gold seekers brought with them seeds of weeds that our local natural community was not adapted to living with. Tinkering with plants as we sit in beautiful natural surroundings, goes back in our evolutionary roots to before agriculture, and there is an instinctive therapy in sitting on a bed of moss, plucking out plants, either for harvest, or to help valued surrounding plants, or both. As we sit in nature with our neighbors, wiggling out weeds, we can learn various strategic weeding methods, including learning the identification and root structure of each weed species we target, then when, how, and where, they would disperse if we let them. We can also learn which weeds we can nibble on. Then we learn the reason we are weeding, which is to help the re-spreading of the declining local, wild plants, and the wild animals that are adapted to the declining plants, those weeds were pushing out. Then on the way out we can learn the art of “weed walking”, where we pull the weeds away from the declining wild plants, while we walk, hardly losing a step.
This is a world that we could be moving back towards with each of our community gatherings in nature, where we are contributing to the natural community as a mutualistic member of that community, rather than a parasitic or predatory member of that community. Could this model go viral? Could it spread around the globe better and last longer than Pokeman Go? Why not?
I ask that people preregister to ensure that the group size is manageable both for me and the mosses. e-mail me at ecostewart@gmail.com or phone me at 206 932-7225 (currently only land line).
While the program is free, Stewart appreciates any useful support that the human community gives him that will help the growth of the success of his efforts to promote the protection and recovery our most precious and unique local natural communities that our misguided human culture has increasingly been degrading and diminishing.
Preserving the Duwamish Cultural Landscape – free event @ Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
Fun day exploring the relationship between Duwamish culture and native habitat restoration. Talks, demo, food, storytelling & cultural programming. Stay all day or drop-in.
Free activities. 10 am- Restoring Native Habitats; 11:15 am- Brunch provided; Discovering the Duwamish Hill Preserve; 12 pm- Basket Making Demo; 1 to 3 pm-Duwamish Storytelling and Cultural Programming.
Free tickets: http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/2725364
FREE EVENT DAY
WHAT: Preserving the Duwamish Cultural Landscape
WHEN: Saturday, Dec. 17, 2016, 10am to 4pm. Free
WHERE: Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center, 4705 W Marginal Way SW, Seattle, WA 98106, 206-431-1582.
“Preserving the Duwamish Cultural Landscape” is a free public outreach event of the Duwamish Longhouse Urban Reforestation Project sponsored by a King Conservation District grant.
The Duwamish Tribe, Seattle Parks and other community partners are all working to restore native habitats that preserve the Duwamish cultural landscape for all to explore. The Duwamish Tribe is still here and its traditional stories provide a narrative for a deeper understanding of the indigenous land we all share and the bounty that awaits us as traditional habitats are restored.
Regarding the Duwamish Urban Reforestation Project, invasive plants have been removed and native plants reintroduced. One of them, the Western Red Cedar has been used by our people to make baskets, weave hats and traditional clothing. Duwamish tribal member, DeAnn Sackman Jacobson, will talk about how our ancestors harvested bark and other materials to make baskets and garments. She will demonstrate the process of preparing and weaving the bark.
Brooke Alford of the Duwamish Hill Preserve will speak about the restoration of Duwamish Hill in Tukwila, their native plant nursery and volunteer opportunities. Native storyteller Roger Fernandes will share the Duwamish epic North and South Wind story associated with the Duwamish Hill site. Duwamish tribal member Blake Shelafoe will also share his own story about the Duwamish River.
AGENDA–SCHEDULE
10-10:15 Opening. Duwamish Reforestation Project update. Presenter: Nancy Sackman (Duwamish Tribe).
10:15-11:00–Restoring Native Habitats. Insights into the native habitat restoration of Seattle’s green spaces by Seattle Park & Recreation–cedars, cattails and more. Presenters: Michael Yadrick and Lisa Ciecko, Seattle Parks. Explore More: http://www.seattle.gov/parks
11:15-12:00–Brunch (soup, fruit, cookies, coffee/tea)
11:15-12:00–Discovering Duwamish Hill Preserve
The Duwamish Hill Preserve is a 10.5 acre parcel of Duwamish tribal historical, cultural and ecological significance in Tukwila. Along the banks of the Duwamish River, the hill is a glacial remnant where many rarely seen species of flora and fauna can be found. It is the site of the Duwamish tribal oral tradition known as the “Epic of the North & South Winds.” Learn how to volunteer. Presenter: Brooke Alford, MLA, Urban Habitat Landscape Design.
Duwamish Hill Preserve http://forterra.org/subpage/duwamish-hill-preserve
12:00-1:00–Duwamish Basket & Mat Making Demonstration
Presenter: Deanne Jacobs (Duwamish Tribe).
1:00-2:00—Epic of the North & South Wind (Duwamish Oral Tradition)
Presenter: Roger Fernandes (Lower Elwha Band of the Klallam Indians) is a renowned storyteller and artist living in Seattle, WA. Storytelling is Healing and Teaching The true power of storytelling comes when the moisture of the teller’s breath gives life and power to the story.
At one time, all Duwamish people knew the same stories. We understood the world through those common stories. The stories taught and guided and healed us. Sent to us by our ancestors who knew we would need these stories so we could live in the world in a good way– those stories are still waiting to do their work for those who will listen.
2:00-3:00—Duwamish Cultural Sharing—We Are Still Here
Songs, stories & dance. Participatory. Bring your drum. Presenter: Blake Shelafoe (Duwamish Tribe).
to restore the Longhouse’s property’s ecosystem by providing a place to sustain native food and medicine, habitat and wildlife in relation to the Duwamish culture,
to engage the public and raise educational awareness of the Duwamish native culture and its relationship to the restored ecosystem, and
to work with community partners to increase public awareness of urban reforestation stewardship.
206.431.1852, dts@qwestoffice.net, www.duwamishtribe.org
Categories: Culture Environment For Families Local History Story Times
Jan 7 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Learning the Art and Practice of Healing Mother Nature Herself
Jan 8 @ 11:00 am – 1:30 pm
Sunday, January 8th, 11:00 am–1:30 pm, join Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures to Learn the Art and Practice of Healing Mother Nature Herself from Mother Nature’s Medicine Man, who has spent most of his 60 years studying her local natural community, and how we might best help with the protection and recovery of her incredible wealth and beauty that has been in decline ever since the first human sought to control and exploit her. This will be an all generations program for all levels of knowledge. Learning and practicing the protection and healing of our natural community is not only fascinating, and feels like a good thing to be doing for the world, but doing it is therapeutic and a good activity to rebuild richer, and healthier, human community around.
This session is at one of Seattle’s greatest remaining urban oases of nature at Lincoln Park in West Seattle. The following session could be at your favorite remaining local oasis of nature, where you and your neighbors renew your spirits in nature. I don’t ask for any monetary contributions for this program, but I do ask for any help you can contribute towards my efforts to promote a paradigm shift for the human community to increasingly again appreciate and serve our Mother Nature, while again serving the health of our human communities in the process.
Preregistration is not required, but if you tell me you are coming it will help me estimate the size group to plan for. We might follow up by planning a “stewardship adventure” to a site where some species still thrives, that we estimate once thrived at our favorite local oasis of nature, but has since become rare or lost, as we build a growing community of stewards. We can learn about that species that has become rare or lost from that favorite nature spot, do enough stewardship of its habitat in that remaining stronghold that the mother plant would be happy to give us a few of her seeds to give good homes to, and bring them back to our favorite local nature oasis for her. If no one contacts me, and it’s weather is too rough, I may not show up. Call or e-mail: 206 932-7225; ecostewart@gmail.com
Categories: Environment Gardening How to help Nature Walk Wildlife Work Party
Jan 14 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Community Seminar with Miriam Cardoso
Miriam Cardoso Seminar:
In support of the food drive, we are putting on a community Brazilian Jiu-jitsu seminar by our founder and 5x-world champion, Miriam Cardoso. Entry for the seminar is a minimum of 25 nonperishable items or $25 for the WSFB. The seminar will take place January 21 from 2-4pm. All levels, ages 10+ are welcome to attend. Please RSVP on the Facebook event by clicking “Going” https://www.facebook.com/events/233430740435193/
Categories: Fitness Food Drive
Parents’ Night Out at Elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu of Seattle
Night Out:
In support of our food drive, we are sponsoring a Parents Night Out at the gym – Nerf Wars style. Children ages 5-13 are welcome to attend for fun, movies, and games. You provide the Nerf gun, we will provide the ammo! Entry fee is $30, payable through cash for the WSFB or through donations of nonperishable items. Each nonperishable item is worth $1 toward the fee (for example, 30 nonperishables = free entry). Please RSVP on the Facebook event by clicking “Going”
Categories: Food Drive For Families For Parents
Sunday Community Service to Serve the God of Mother Nature @ Lincoln Park
January 22, 2017 @ 11:00 am–1:30 pm, Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures invites you to:
Sunday Community Service to Serve the God of Mother Nature
Attend a Sunday service of a different sort! In honor of the god of Mother Nature we will have a community gathering to serve her by strategically sacrificing weeds in her honor. Also, as part of the service there will be a sermon on strategies of how to make the most of sacrificing of the weeds to get the maximum mileage towards the preservation of the ancient art of the god of Mother Nature. These strategies will also apply to helping help her recover the maximum amount of her natural health, natural wealth, and natural beauty as she can. This is a health, wealth and beauty that has been in decline ever since the culture of the allegorical Able and Cain, the animal, and plant and land controllers, and the culture of the legendary King David the gold hoarder, started taking control of the planet and its populace.
We will meet at the kiosk at the northern of the 2 parking lots at Lincoln Park, across from Rose St. No pre-registration required.
And don’t worry about sitting in a stuffy temple, church or mosque, listening to a boring sermon, as the sermon will be delivered either while walking or sitting outdoors in a relatively beautiful natural area. As you will either be pleasantly plucking at the sacrificial weeds, wildly ripping them out by their roots, or just enjoying being in nature, if you prefer, you can ignore the sermon! And if you have had enough before 1:30 you can always peel off early!
While all weed sacrifice can be done bare handed, if you have a pair of work gloves, and maybe a Hori Hori weeding knife, you could bring them.
Categories: Nature Walk Wildlife
Feb 4 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Gibbous Moon Walk with the Stars, Owls and Trees @ Lincoln Park
Join Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures for Gibbous Moon Walk with the Stars, Owls and Others @ Lincoln Park With a bright, gibbous moon high in the sky, we’ll look and listen, and hoot for the owls. We’ll learn about the wealth of our local natural community at night. We might see the moon and some stars if the clouds cooperate. While the owls may be quiet and not showing themselves, the herbs, shrubs and trees can’t hide and we can always learn a bit about them or any member of the natural community we can see, hear, smell or taste, and a hike in nature at night is always an adventure!
I ask that people pre-register for me to manage the group size by e-mailing me: ecostewart@gmail.com or phoning me: 206 932-7225 (I still haven’t learned how to use my cell). We meet by the kiosk at the northern of Lincoln Park’s two parking lots, Across from SW Rose St., between SW Thistle St. at the south end, and SW Monroe St. at the north end.
No fee is required, but I ask that people offer any form of support they are comfortable with that would help me continue my efforts to inspire and teach people about the true wealth of nature, while teaching better stewardship of our natural community, building, in the process, a healthier human community.
Categories: Nature Walk
Nighttime low-tide beach walks @ Constellation Park, Alki
Join trained volunteer Beach Naturalists at South Alki/Constellation Park on the following dates this year for a free guided exploration at very low tide.
Explore the beach during winter nighttime low tides with Beach Naturalist staff and volunteers. Discover what creatures we see on the beach at this time of year. Dress for the weather (bundle up!) and for tide pooling: boots, hats, gloves and a good flashlight are musts.
Friday, January 27, 9:30-11 pm (-1.11 at 10:41pm)
Friday, February 10, 9-11 pm (-1.44 at 10:32pm)
Beach etiquette:
While on the beach, please remember:
~ Walk carefully; there’s life beneath your feet!
~ Touch gently with one wet finger.
~ Observe animals where they are and please avoid picking them up.
~ Please only move rocks that are small enough to be moved with one hand and return them to the position in which you found them.
~ Please only remove trash from the beach, nothing else. Many of our beaches are protected by law.
Seeking Seattle’s Surviving Salamanders @ Camp Long
Join Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures for Seeking Seattle’s Surviving Salamanders – How We Might Help Them. Let’s seek and celebrate Seattle’s surviving salamanders, at possibly their best remaining Seattle refugium at Camp Long. While we see if they are home in their habitat, we will discuss what constitutes healthy habitat for our different salamander species, and we might be able to do a small bit to improve that habitat. Of the six Seattle salamanders that may still occur in the city, there are 4 species that still occur at Camp Long. Two of these never go in the water, laying their eggs in hidden, moist places. They are the (extra cute) Ensatina (in the photo) and the Western Red-backed Salamander. If they are home we can hold and examine them, before letting them return. Two lay their eggs, in jelly-like masses in the pond,meeting their mates for their dates on or around Valentines’ night, so if we are lucky we might see some early eggs in the pond. Whether the salamanders are home or not, there is a whole community of plants, animals and fungi to enjoy and learn about and help.
Pre-registration requested: e-mail or phone to pre-register: ecostewart@gmail.com or 206 932-7225 While no cash is required, I ask that people support me and my efforts to promote a paradigm shift of re-building a human community that is increasingly again appreciating and serving the wealth of our natural community, while serving healthier human communities in the process. If no one pre-registers I might not show up.
Feb 11 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Dinner and live music with Elvis (Bret Wiggins) @ The Kenney
Sweeten Your Valentine Weekend with Love, Love, Love (Just don’t step on my blue suede shoes!)
Come join fans of The King of Rock ‘N Roll for entertainment and dinner. Elvis (aka Bret Wiggins) will serenade you with love songs. Enjoy a Southern Fried Chicken dinner with all the trimmings and help The Kenney Foundation raise money. Silent auction and raffle items tempt you to splurge on yourself…or your Valentine Sweetheart. Click here to purchase tickets.
Soul Jambalaya @ Chief Sealth International HS Auditorium
Soul Jambalaya is an annual musical celebration – a mélange of gospel, blues, jazz, funk , reggae and Carribean music in celebration of the contributions of African American and other black people to the musical soundtrack of America.
This free event will feature performances from
The Seattle Women’s Steel Pan Project
The Total Experience Gospel Choir
The Chief Sealth International High School Jazz Ensemble
The Denny International Middle School Jazz Ensemble
and other guests yet to be confirmed
Come celebrate black history with us through some beautiful and soul stirring music.
Somali storytime @ High Point Library
Fadlan Keen Caruurtaada Si Ay U Qaataan Waqti Xiiso leh, Iyo Sheeko Xariiro Ku Bixi Doonta Afka Soomaaliaga. (It is Somali Story Time at the High Point Library!)
Bring your children to enjoy stories, rhymes and fun in Somali.)
Story times are some of our most popular events! Please come early to make sure you get a seat. Due to the fire code, we can’t exceed the maximum capacity for our rooms.
Library events and programs are free and everyone is welcome. Registration is not required. This story time is offered entirely in the Somali language.
Categories: Culture Readings Story Times
‘Honoring Wedding Traditions Along The Silk Road’ @ Sanctuary at Admiral
Sanctuary at Admiral invites you to join them on a culinary journey! Experience a festival of cultural traditions from China to Italy. Featuring Foodz Catering, Madres Kitchen, Duos Lounge, Diwas Photography, Batoh, New Creations, decor & floral, live music, and many other vendors.
WHAT: Honoring Wedding Traditions Along The Silk Road
WHEN: February 16, 2017 5:30–8:00 pm, Free Admission
WHERE: Sanctuary at Admiral, 2656 42nd AVE. SW Seattle, WA 98116
RSVP @ http://sanctuaryatadmiral.bpt.me
Categories: Culture FYI Miscellaneous Music
Join Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures for Seeking Seattle’s Surviving Salamanders – How We Might Help Them. Let’s seek and celebrate Seattle’s surviving salamanders, at possibly their best remaining Seattle refugium at Camp Long. While we see if they are home in their habitat, we will discuss what constitutes healthy habitat for our different salamander species, and we might be able to do a small bit to improve that habitat. Of the six Seattle salamanders that may still occur in the city, there are 4 species that still occur at Camp Long. Two of these never go in the water, laying their eggs in hidden, moist places. They are the (extra cute) Ensatina (in the photo) and the Western Red-backed Salamander. If they are home we can hold and examine them, before letting them return. Two lay their eggs, in jelly-like masses in the pond, meeting their mates for their dates on or around Valentines’ night, so we will probably now be able to see their eggs in the pond. Whether the salamanders are home or not, there is a whole community of plants, animals and fungi to enjoy and learn about and help.
Pre-registration requested: e-mail or phone to pre-register: ecostewart@gmail.com or 206 932-7225 $0 – $20 per person, whatever is comfortable. While no cash is required, I ask that people support my efforts to promote a paradigm shift of re-building a human community that is increasingly again appreciating and serving the wealth of our natural community, while serving healthier human communities in the process. If no one pre-registers I might not show up.
Black History Month Community Dinner @ Southwest Teen Life Center
The Chief Sealth International High School Black Student Union will be hosting our 2nd Annual Black History Month Community Dinner at Southwest Teen Life Center on Saturday, February 18th, 2017 from 5:00 pm-7:00 pm (Doors will be opening at 4:45 pm). All are welcome. Free to attend.We encourage our community to come together and celebrate the accomplishments of Black People locally, nationally, and globally.
“Unity is Strength, Division is weakness” ~ Swahili Proverb
Categories: Culture Dinners
Natural Community Service and Admiration Stroll @ Fauntleroy Park
Feb 25 @ 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
Join Stewart’s Stewardship Adventures for Natural Community Service and Admiration Stroll in Fauntleroy Park. We will meet at the entrance on SW Barton St by SW Henderson St, between 40th Av SW & 41st Av SW.
Why not join your local human community, as we take a stroll in our local natural community, and admire her beauty, her fascinating intricacy, and learn Stewart’s strategies, developed over the last 20 years, to get the most mileage in helping Mother Nature heal from the abuses incurred in a bad relationship with her children, Able, Cain and David? While we learn the strategies, we’ll control a few wily weeds that are encroaching on declining plant community members. This session will be at our local treasure of nature, Fauntleroy Park, where the first of over-controlling Able’s creature creations, the domesticated dog, is trampling the Trilliums, while salamanders, whose cover has been blown, struggle to safely sneak around. No fee is required, but I am building a community of support for me, my work, and for a growing movement. That support can take any helpful form.
Pre-registration is not required, but it would help me estimate the crowd to prepare for. If no one pre-registers I may not show up. To pre-register e-mail ecostewart@gmail.com or phone (land only right now) 206 932-7225
West Seattle High School Big Band Dinner Dance
Funding for public education may be stuck in Olympia, but here in West Seattle the music still swings, and our talented high school students want to share a few tunes with you at the annual Big Band Dinner Dance!
Tickets are on sale, and the community is invited. This evening of entertainment will feature West Seattle High School’s two jazz bands and the West Seattle Big Band. Delicious appetizers, dinner and desserts will be prepared and served by our students with the school’s cutting-edge Culinary Arts Program.
The night showcases of our students’ talents, and raises money to support the West Seattle High School Music Program–whose public funding does not even cover the annual cost of sheet music.
So dine, dance, applaud and enter to win restaurant certificates and other exciting raffle prizes at this annual celebration of West Seattle’s next generation of gifted musicians.
WSHS BIG BAND DINNER DANCE
West Seattle High School Commons
3000 California Ave SW.
Tickets: $20 in advance, $22 at the door
Purchase online (no ticketing fee) at www.WSHSMusic.org .
All tickets purchased online by Feb, 15 will receive reserved seating and priority dinner service!
Categories: Dinners Music Schools
Mar 4 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Mar 11 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Fauntleroy Community Association Membership Meeting and Food Fest 2017 @ The Hall at Fauntleroy
Fauntleroy Community Association’s major annual membership meeting. Includes complimentary bites from local eateries. No-host bar. Free but renewing your annual FCA membership ($25) is highly encouraged. Bring a food-bank donation!
Invited food/beverage providers:
Endolyne Joe’s, Tuxedos and Tennis Shoes Catering and Events, The Original Bakery, Stuffed Cakes, The Kenney, Giannoni’s Pizza, Wildwood Market, West Seattle Fish House, Bird on a Wire Espresso, Daystar Retirement Village
Categories: Community Meetings Food Drive
Spaghetti Dinner fundraiser for DC trip @ Hope Lutheran School
Spaghetti Dinner & Art Show – March 24th @ 5 and 6:30 pm
Families are invited to a good old fashioned Spaghetti Dinner and Art Show benefiting the Washington, D.C., Enrichment program for 7th and 8th graders at Hope School March 24th from 5-8 pm in the Fellowship Hall. There will be two seatings: one at 5 pm for those early bird diners and one at 6:30 pm. with crafts for young ones.
RSVP to sheit@hopeseattle.org or download form here to let us know which time you will be attending. Gluten Free options are available. After dinner, wander up to the Commons to view the artwork and enjoy coffee and dessert.
Cost: Free Will Offering.
Categories: Art Dinners
‘Fish Fridays for Lent’ dinner @ Our Lady of Guadalupe Walmesley Center
Presented by the Knights of Columbus
2nd annual Jim Theofelis Lenten Dinners
March 24th, April 7th – 6 to 8 pm
Serving Cod, Coleslaw, and Fries
Adults $10
Seniors $8
Kids $6
Mac & Cheese $3
Location : Our Lady of Guadalupe, Walmesley Center
* A portion of the profits will go to support CRS Operation Rice Bowl
Categories: Dinners FYI Holidays
Joyas Mestizas Spring Recital and Fundraiser @ Hiawatha Community Center
Join Joyas Mestizas for a Spring Recital of traditional folklorico dances from regions across Mexico, performed by youth ages 5-20!
Doors open at 5 pm for silent auction bidding and browsing.
Recital will begin at 6 pm.
Founded in 1988, Joyas Mestizas is a youth dance group that celebrates hispanic culture while helping children maintain a connection to their Mexican culture through the tradition of folklorico.
Joyas Mestizas dancers build patience, teamwork, and perseverance by learning complex dances from regions across Mexico. Performing with Joyas Mestizas offers dancers a chance to exhibit poise under pressure and to share their passion for their cultural heritage at community celebrations across our region.
Joyas Mestizas is more than just a dance group. It is a tightly-knit community; a way for young people from a variety of backgrounds to gain an appreciation for the diversity and vitality of Mexican culture and an opportunity for youth to gain important life skills.
Tickets $10 (link above)
Categories: Benefits Culture Dances
Apr 1 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Student Assistant Program Application Workshop @ High Point Library
Student Assistant Application Workshop – This workshop is for students ages 16 and up (without a Bachelor’s degree) who are interested in becoming a Student Assistant at the library. The Student Assistant is a paid position. Find out more of what the Student Assistant Program at the library is all about, and begin your application.
1 p.m. to 3 p.m. Monday, April 10 at the High Point Branch, 206-684-7454
Categories: Employment school break Students Teen Stuff Workshops
Apr 15 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Duwamish River Bird Walk @ Duwamish Tribe Longhouse
WHAT: Birds of the Duwamish River Valley—Free Talk & Walk
WHEN: Saturday, April 15, 2017, 1 to 3 pm. Free
WHERE: Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center, 4705 W Marginal Way SW, Seattle, WA 98106.
Join us for a springtime exploration of the birds who make a living along the Duwamish River. After a presentation in the Longhouse, we will walk along the Duwamish River to see what they are up to. Guided by a Seattle Parks Department Volunteer.
Screening of “13th” Documentary & Potluck Dinner @ Fauntleroy Church
Come to a special screening of “13th,” an Oscar-nominated documentary exploring the history of race & criminal justice in America. Bring a potluck dinner dish to share. This event takes place in Fellowship Hall at Fauntleroy Church. FREE.
Tue, April 18, 6:30 pm – 8:30 pm
Fauntleroy Church
Categories: Dinners Films
Frozen @ ArtsWest Playhouse and Gallery
ArtsWest Playhouse and Gallery is pleased to announce Bryony Lavery’s “Frozen”, the Tony Award-nominated play about a serial killer and two women who track him down. Performances will run Thursday, April 20 through Sunday until May 14.
Synopsis: As Ralph, a serial killer with a heart of ice, sits in prison contemplating crimes, two women cross the country to confront him – Agnetha, a psychologist who studies the minds of monsters, and Nancy, mother to one of his young victims. When their paths finally cross, they explore the dark side of human nature and our capacity for change.
The ArtsWest production of Frozen features a meeting of two Seattle acting powerhouses – Amy Thone (THE TRIAL, TITUS ANDRONICUS) as Nancy, and Peter Crook (Mozart in Broadway’s touring cast of AMADEUS, INTIMAN’s ANGELS IN AMERICA and more) as Ralph. Rounding out the cast is Jonelle Jordan as Agentha, making her ArtsWest debut.
Directed by Mathew Wright
Stage Manager – Briana Kersten
Lighting Designer – Ryan Dunn
Costume Designer – Candance Frank
Scenic Designer – Christopher Mumaw
Sound Designer – Johanna Melamed
Thursdays through Saturdays at 7:30 pm
Tickets may be purchased online at artswest.org/theatre/buy-tickets
By phone: 206.938.0339
At the Box Office, Thurs.–Sat., 2–7:30 pm.
Tickets: General Admission: $37.50 | Seniors (65+): $33 | Under 25: $17 | TeenTix (door only): $5
“…[a] fine play…so concentrated and unflinching that at times it takes your breath away.” — Observer (London).
“A major play…thrilling, humane and timely.” —Times (London).
“…[a] big, brave, compassionate play about grief, revenge, forgiveness and bearing the unbearable.” — Guardian (London).
“Consistently surprising and even bravely comic…The almost thriller-like promise of the play’s climactic confrontation is like a time-bomb ticking in the back of your head.” — Independent (London).
2004 Tony Award Nominated Best Play
2004 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play
Categories: Arts and Entertainment Culture Theater
Seattle Warrior’s Call: Healing Through Service @ Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center
VeteransRespond and Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center are proud to present, “Seattle Warrior’s Call: Healing Through Service”, where attendees will be informed, inspired, energized and empowered to join the fight to protect our water, environment, people, and future generations of all species.
The event will feature brave warriors who are veterans of both the US Armed Services and of the Standing Rock Movement. Joseph George, an Air Force Veteran; Brandee Paisano, a US Navy Veteran and Laguna Pueblo Native; and Mark Sanderson, a US Army Veteran and recipient of the Purple Heart, will be among the powerful speakers telling their stories.
Opening ceremony and prayer will be led by members of the Duwamish Tribe, including Ken Workman, and Paul Wagner, with speaking from Raymond Kingfisher as well.
As sworn defenders of our country, the veterans of VeteransRespond felt called to support environmental rights, and Native Lands. That call to action has become a movement, a journey to ongoing community activism and worldwide healing. They are proud to share their personal journeys at this very special event.
Join for an Inspiring and Unforgettable Evening
Doors open at 7:00 PM.
Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center
4705 Marginal Way SW
Admission is FREE and open to the public.
The space is wheelchair accessible.
About VeteransRespond:
VeteransRespond is a service organization founded in December 2016 by disabled Veterans who were part of the advance team at Standing Rock. VeteransRespond works to organize and coordinate highly trained Veteran volunteers to provide relief and service work in environmental and man-made disaster sites all across the United States. The organization was born out of the Standing Rock movement, which saw more than 4,000 veterans mobilize to Camp Oceti in defense of the Water Protectors and those standing against the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL).
DAPL, a 1,172-mile pipeline to transport crude oil across the Midwestern US, jeopardizes the drinking water of millions of Americans while simultaneously desecrating the sacred ground of the Lakota/Sioux nation. The veterans of VeteransRespond believe wholeheartedly that DAPL must be opposed in accordance with their oaths to protect America from enemies both foreign and domestic.
To learn more, visit VeteransRespond.org
Categories: Advocacy Civic Engagement Culture Environment Native Peoples and Lands Talks and Lectures Veterans
Peggy Johnson Oil Painting Show “Nature” @ The Village Green Perennial Nursery
Apr 22 @ 10:00 am – 6:00 pm
Peggy Johnson oil painting show @ The Village Green Nursery.
‘Nature” display from Seattlelite Peggy Johnson. Her featured work includes horses, trees, and garden scenes meant to nudge the viewer to look at life from a new perspective. Her goal is to bring a smile, captivate, delight and charm her audience.
On display Saturday the 22nd and Sunday the 23rd from 10:00-6:00 at The Village Green (VillageGreenGarden.com).
Free street parking.
Categories: Art Arts and Entertainment Culture Gardening
Peggy Johnson oil painting show @ The Village Green Perennial Nursery.
Earth Day Storytelling 2017 – New Horizons @ Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
FREE, all ages storytelling. Sunday April 23rd, 2 – 4pm at The Duwamish Longhouse and Cultural Center.
Celebrate our relationship to the natural world and each other with Paul Cheoketen Wagner, Tom Rawson, and Harvest Moon as they share their musical and storytelling gifts. Presented by the Seattle Storytellers Guild in cooperation with the Duwamish Tribe, and made possible by a grant from the Seattle Department of Neighborhoods.
Stories are the language of the heart that speak to us in ways that long linger. Hear world class tellers share traditional and contemporary stories and music about our relationship to the natural world and each other.
Paul Che oke ten Wagner is an internationally renowned native flute player and storyteller from the Vancouver Island Saanich tribe.
Tom Rawson is a storyteller and banjo player extraordinare from Seattle.
Harvest Moon is a storyteller and cultural ambassador of the Quinault tribe, will be delighting and inspiring us with their gifts.
James Rasmussen from the Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition will also speak.
Volunteers are needed to help direct cars to overflow parking, usher, and assist in setting out the refreshments: if interested contact project coordinator at johnwasko@yahoo.com. Bring a friend! Don’t miss the fun!
For more information go to: seattlestorytellers.org or search “eventbrite earth day 2017 new horizons”.
Categories: Culture Environment Local History Readings Story Times
The ArtsWest production of Frozen features a meeting of two Seattle acting powerhouses – Amy Thone (THE TRIAL, TITUS ANDRONICUS) as Nancy, and Peter Crook (Mozart in Broadway’s touring cast of AMADEUS, INTIMAN’s ANGELS IN AMERICA and more) as Ralph.
Rounding out the cast is Jonelle Jordan as Agentha, making her ArtsWest debut.
April 20–May 14, 2017
Tickets may be purchased online at http://www.artswest.org/theatre/buy-tickets
Music Northwest concert: “Cellos!” @ Olympic Recital Hall
Music Northwest presents: “Cellos!”
Walter Gray (Seattle Symphony), cello
Andrew Smith (Las Vegas Symphony), cello
Jane Harty, (Artistic Director, Music Northwest), piano
Sonata in A Major for Two Cellos, G.4
-Luigi Boccherini
Five pieces in folk style, Op. 102
-Robert Schumann
Estampas y Estampillas
-Jaime Mendoza-Nava
Duets, Op. 53
-Reinhold Gliere
Suite for Two Cellos and Piano
-Gian Carlo Menotti
Olympic Recital Hall at
South Seattle Community College (WSB sponsor)
Tickets and Directions: (206) 937-2899 or visit www.musicnorthwest.org
Price from $16
Free for students age 25 and under, but must be reserved in advance.
Categories: Arts and Entertainment Culture Music
International Tabletop Day 2017 at Meeples Games
Apr 29 @ 10:00 am – 11:59 pm
International Tabletop Day 2017 benefiting the West Seattle Food Bank!
Meeples Games will be hosting a bunch of events, and also welcome you for open gaming, all day long. Come see our newly remodeled store, now with more play space! Bring a non-perishable food item and get a Meeples Buck to spend in our Tabletop Day Store!!
International Tabletop Day celebrates all things tabletop gaming and we have some great fun activities for all y’all!! “Tabletop Day is also a day to celebrate those who come to the table in contest or cooperation. It is a time of friends tasked with war and strangers finding a common bond to survive through the next turn. We honor the communities that gather around the table, those who bring the winning spirit and sportsmanship to play with others. We play not just against the board, but with others. To you who manage groups, bring new people to the table, and find that one night out of the month to bring your team together to fight a dragon; this day is for you.” – Geek and Sundry
Here’s the schedule of events:
10:00 am – Open Boardgaming
10:30 am – Pokemon Guardians Rising Prerelease – we have 24 slots – Preregister in-person at the store, email (info@meeplesgames.com) or phone (206.535.7896)
10:30 am – Dice Masters Casual & Learn to Play – participation prize for everyone!
10:30 am – Fast & Fun Board & Card Games with Lauren
10:30 am – Blood Rage with Tim
11:00 am – Mouse Guard Role Playing Game with Lo
12:00 pm – NY Slice, Castle Panic, Resistance, and more! with Connor
12:00 pm – Star Wars X-Wing Miniatures Learn to Play with Carson
1:00 pm – Fiasco Role Playing Game with Lauren
1:00 pm – Star Wars Role Playing Game One-shot with Tim
1:30 pm – Magic: the Gathering Booster Draft
2:00 pm – Steve Jackson Games with Man-in-Black Kevin
2:00 pm – Dominion – with Josh – check out the classic first Deck Building Game
3:30 pm – Harry Potter Hogwarts Battle cooperative Deck Building Game – with Tom
4:00 pm – Award Winning Games with Brian – strategy board games (Colt Express, Five Tribes, and more)
5:00 pm – Star Realms Open Play (casual)
7:00 pm – Bridge Night with Lesson
7:00pm–midnight – Open Gaming
Rather than drawings this year, we’re setting up a little Tabletop Day Store!
You earn coins for participating and can then spend them for cool prizes! Full games, promos, and other goodies!
Bring non-perishable food items for the West Seattle Food Bank
Participate in a game, tournament or demonstration
Run a game or demonstration
Take your picture with Lil’ Wil and Pikachu
Check in at Meeples Games with a photo
Tweet about Tabletop Day at Meeples Games
Categories: Food Drive For Families Games Meetup
Opening Reception for Rajaa Gharbi’s new Studio/Gallery @ Rajaa Gharbi Studio
Opening reception for Rajaa Gharbi’s new Working Studio & Gallery
Sunday, April 30th
4 – 7pm, in the West Seattle Junction.
International Artist and Poet Sets Up Shop in West Seattle
Rajaa Gharbi has a vast background in the arts, and brings those elements to her work through bold, expressive, and layered pieces. Rajaa is also committed to her community and hopes this new space will foster support for more North African artists and creators.
Framed prints of selected paintings and drawings from Rajaa’s exhibitions held between 1987 and 2015 will be sold with a percentage of the proceeds benefiting local non-profit, K- Love 4 Art.
Artist Bio: Rajaa Gharbi is an international visual artist and poet. She was born and raised in Tunisia where she trained and worked for seven years as a puppet theatre artist with the Organisation Nationale de Theatre de Marrionnettes (OTEMA). She has lived in Seattle since 1982 and exhibited her work in the US since 1984 in solo and group exhibitions in galleries, museums and universities in both West and East coasts. Her paintings have been published in American books and catalogs and overseas’ print and Television media and are in numerous collections including Vulcan and Microsoft.
Gharbi studied visual art and filmmaking for her BA at The Evergreen State College, and for her MA from Antioch University Seattle, and was nominated for the Seattle Mayor’s Art Award in 2007.
Rajaa Gharbi (206) 816-9378
Missy Lacy (425) 698-7783
rajaagharbistudio@gmail.com
Categories: Art Arts and Entertainment Culture Grand Openings
Seattle’s Urban Bird Treaty Signing and Birdwalk @ Lincoln Park North Playground
On Friday, May 5, Seattle will become an Urban Bird Treaty city.
Two events are scheduled:
Birdwalk: 10 – 10:40 am
Signing Ceremony: 11:00 am – Noon
Lincoln Park at the North Playground
8011 Fauntleroy Way SW
For more info, call (206) 523-4483
Please join us for the signing of Seattle’s Urban Bird Treaty!
After extensive outreach and advocacy by Seattle Audubon and partners, Seattle’s city council passed a resolution to enter into an Urban Bird Treaty with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The Treaty partnership will protect birds in the Seattle area by developing programs to reduce hazards to migrating birds that travel along the Pacific Flyway, restoring habitat, and connecting residents and youth to nature within our city.
On May 5, the city and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will officially sign the treaty, an important milestone that recognizes Seattle’s role in protecting the Pacific Flyway. Seattle Audubon volunteers will lead a free birdwalk, one hour prior to the ceremony.
This work is a collaboration between Seattle Audubon, Audubon Washington, Heron Habitat Helpers, City of Seattle, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife.
Categories: Civic Engagement Environment Nature Walk Sustainability Wildlife
Community Potluck @ DAV Chapter Hall
This Friday, May 5th from 5-9 pm, the West Seattle Chapter (#23) of DAV (Disabled American Veterans) is hosting a community potluck at their Chapter Hall, located at 4857 Delridge Way SW.
The potluck is open to all. DAV provides services for men and women who were injured or disabled while serving our country. The warm people at DAV offer a welcoming place for vets and their families to connect with each other and receive support. Feel free to come and enjoy the food and community at this special West Seattle gathering in support of our local heroes.
Categories: Community networking Dinners For Families Meetup
May 6 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Ladies Musical Club’s Free Mother’s Day concert:’Fairytales, Folklore and Legend” @ West Seattle (Admiral) Library
The Ladies Musical Club of Seattle (LMC) will present NINE FREE public concerts throughout King County in May and June 2017. All programs are FREE, performed in an intimate setting and appropriate for all ages. Most concerts are one-hour in length.
LMC Opera Presents Fairytales, Folklore and Legend, May 14 at 3:00 p.m. at West Seattle Library. Even young children can attend this informal classical concert. It’s one hour long. They can leave early if they need to.
LMC Opera group performs music by Gluck, Strauss, Wagner, Mozart, Dvorak and more from operas based on Fairytales, Folklore and legend:
“Signore, ascolta” (Listen to me, my Lord) from Turandot by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)
“Du bist der Lenz, nach dem ich verlangte” (You are the Spring for which I’ve been longing) from Die Walküre by Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
“Se come voi piccina” from Le Villi by Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)
“Tornami a vagheggiar” (Return to me to languish) from Alcina by George Frideric Handel (1658-1759)
Hymn to the Sun from The Golden Cockerel by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908)
“The song to the moon” from Rusalka by Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904)
“Faites-vous tres belle ce soir” (Make yourself beautiful this evening) from Cendrillon by Jules Massenet (1842-1912)
“Batti, batti o bel Masetto” (Beat me dear Masetto) from Don Giovanni by W.A. Mozart (1756-1791)
“Einsam in trüben Tagen” (Alone on a clouded day) from Lohengrin by Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
The spinning chorus from Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman) by Richard Wagner
The Kissing Duet from Die Schone Galathee by Franz von Suppé (1819-1895)
Le bal infernal from Orphée aux enfers (Orpheus in the Underworld) by Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880)
Dennà Good-Mojab, Joyce Allison, Carol Voss, Regina Thomas and Mele Santos – sopranos
Gwen Trussler – mezzo-soprano
Nicole Truesdell and John Burkhardt, piano
Even young children can attend this informal classical concert. It’s one hour long. They can leave early if they need to.
Medieval Women’s Choir: ‘The White Lily’ concert preview @ West Seattle (Admiral) Library
On Sunday, May 21, 2017, 2–3:30 pm, everyone is invited to the West Seattle (Admiral) Library’s preview of “The White Lilly”.
Join Eric Mentzel and members of the Medieval Women’s Choir for a preview of their upcoming concert “The White Lily.” A perusal of medieval Marian texts yields a long list of honorific names for Mary, the mother of Jesus. She is the white lily, the shining star, the glorious mother of all. Songs and poems for Mary became so basic to medieval culture that they popped up everywhere: adopting the melodies of popular troubadour songs, inserted into preexisting liturgical music, and forming the basis of decidedly non-sacred love songs. This program of Marian music is a true cross-section of medieval music and a window into the medieval heart.
Library events and programs are free and open to the public. Registration is not required.
Southwest Stories: Streetcar Suburbs – The Highland Park & Lake Burien Railroad @ Delridge Branch Library
Southwest Stories: Streetcar Suburbs – The Highland Park & Lake Burien Railroad on Sunday,
May 21, 2017, Seattle Public Library, Delridge Branch, 2 – 3 p.m in the Meeting Room.
The history of West Seattle, the Duwamish Peninsula, and the birthplace of Seattle comes alive in this series of monthly presentations with the Southwest Seattle Historical Society.
Before paved roads and cars, rail was king! In 1912, the Highland Park and Lake Burien Railroad electric streetcar line opened large land tracks in southwest Seattle and King County. Mike Bergman (President, Tacoma Chapter, National Railway Historical Society) will share maps and historic photos that reveal the elevated structure approaching downtown Seattle, the “runaway track” from Highland Park to the Duwamish River, and the many freight spurs serving local businesses and industries.
Contact Info: Delridge Branch 206-733-9125 or Ask a Librarian,
Categories: Culture Local History Story Times
West Seattle High School Multicultural Potluck
Wednesday, May 24th, in the WSHS Commons:
West Seattle High School community members, families, and friends are invited to our annual Multicultural Potluck! Please come break bread and build community!
Let’s celebrate our wonderful students, and be proud of our diverse, inclusive school community. We’ll have some great entertainment! Our own student performers, local opera singer Jose Iniguez, the Franklin High School Polynesian Club, and our Chinese Cultural Club will all be performing!
Please bring a dish that represents YOU, and/or your culture — enough to serve 6-8 people. If you cannot bring food, COME ANYWAY!! Hope to see you there!
Categories: Dinners Schools
Interviewing Skills for Teens @ High Point Library
Tuesday, May 30 2016, 6–7:30 pm at the High Point Library, Interviewing Skills for Teens. Registration is not required.
Teens: talk with those who interview for SPL and practice your interviewing skills in a safe environment. A great opportunity to learn and improve your interviewing skills.
Library events and programs are free and everyone is welcome. Space is limited at library events. Please come early to make sure you get a seat. Due to the fire code, we can’t exceed the maximum capacity for our rooms.
Contact: High Point Branch 206-684-7454 or Ask a Librarian
Categories: Classes Employment Students Teen Stuff
National Trails Day: West Duwamish Greenbelt hikes @ West Duwamish Greenbelt
Hike developed and undeveloped trails of the West Duwamish Greenbelt, the largest urban forest in Seattle on a ridge above the Duwamish RIver. Members of the West Duwamish Greenbelt Trails group and Nature Consortium will be on hand to guide hikers and provide information on the history and reforestation of the greenbelt. The first half of the trail is a constructed gravel trail. The second half is muddier and less developed. There are a few ups and downs and a bit of scrambling but only modest elevation changes, suitable for most ages with appropriate footwear. The trail makes a loop from the south end of the campus of South Seattle College, paralleling the campus in the greenbelt, to the Chinese Garden and Arboretum at the north end of campus, returning to the start along the campus and 16th Ave. SW.
More details can be found here.
Guided hikes are at 10 am and noon – meet at 12th SW and SW Holly.
Jun 3 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Interviewing Skills for Teens @ Southwest Library
Looking for a summer job? Come to this event to practice and improve your job interviewing skills in a safe environment.
Whether you’ve never interviewed before or have several interviews under your belt, you’ll walk away from this event with new confidence and strategies to use in your next interview! Practice interview questions, get advice from current interviewers, and learn a strategy to help you answer any interview question for any kind of interview.
Snacks provided.
Southwest Branch Meeting Room
Library events and programs are free and everyone is welcome. Registration is not required. Space is limited at library events. Please come early to make sure you get a seat. Due to the fire code, we can’t exceed the maximum capacity for our rooms.
Contact Info: Southwest Branch 206-684-7455 or Ask a Librarian.
Categories: Employment Students Teen Stuff
Jun 10 @ 12:00 pm – 3:00 pm
Lincoln Park Nature Walk: Edible and Medicinal Plants @ Lincoln Park @ South Parking Lot
Edible and Medicinal Plants of Lincoln Park
Sunday, June 11th, 3-5pm
Space is limited to 15.
From Jonathan Hover:
**We’ll meet at the parking lot at the south end of the park at 3pm**
Lincoln Park offers a fun variety of forest, shoreline, and metropolitan plants friends. Plants we’ll see include Huckleberries, Thimbleberries, False Solomon’s Seal, St. John’s Wort, Oregon Grape, Indian Plum, and many more!
We’ll talk about how to identify, ethically gather, prepare, and use the medicinal plants we’ll encounter. I provide handouts with the common and scientific names, preparations, and uses of the most of the plants we’ll see, as well as a glossary of herbal terms I’ll be using, and botanical illustrations describing leaf shapes and types, and flower parts and types for context.
Make sure to bring something to write with, comfortable shoes, and water!
I grew up in southeast Seattle, and have always had a passion for the natural world. I attended the Intro to Western Herbalism program at the Rocky Mountain Center for Botanical Studies in Boulder, Co. from 1999-2000, and received a certificate in Advanced Herbalism from the North American Institute of Medical Herbalism in Boulder, Co. in 2003. I’ve studied the uses of northwest native plants for the last 15 years, and have led plant walks professionally on Orcas Island, Seattle, and the Cascades. I have found that being able to identify and know the uses of the plants around me has changed the way I view the world, giving me a deeper sense of connection with this beautiful place we live, and I love to share that with others.
I want my walks to be accessible and affordable to all who are interested. $15 sliding scale, open to trades, nobody refused for lack of money, children 13 and under free. The event will be limited to 15 people. You can reserve a spot through my paypal. Pay any amount and comment on how many spots you’d like, or email me at evergreenplantwalks@gmail to request a spot or with any questions.
Categories: Health/Wellness Nature Walk Talks and Lectures
Job Search Workshop @ Delridge Community Center
JOB SEARCH WORKSHOP
Ages 16 and Older
Looking for a new job? This free workshop is
offered once a month to provide you with a template to
develop a successful job search plan. This includes key steps
to preparing a resume, how to write a cover letter, job search resources, and interview tips. This workshop is free, but please register in advance so we know how many to expect.
Instructor: Leslie Howle
Location: Delridge CC
6/14 Wed 6:30-7:45 p.m.
8/16 Wed 6:30-7:45 p.m
Register online at seattle.gov/parks or Phone:(206) 684-7423
Free End-of-School-Year Summer Bash @ Delridge CC
End of Year Summer Bash – All Ages @ Delridge Community Center, Wed 6/21, 4-6pm. FREE!
Come celebrate the end of the school year with refreshments, snacks, games, and activities at the Delridge Community Center. We will have Family Yoga in honor of “International Yoga Day” and celebrate Summer Solstice with some fun art projects and activities. This is a FREE Family event. Please join us in celebrating the end of the school year!
Categories: Celebration Community networking Culture For Families
Lower Fauntleroy Tree Walk @ Fauntleroy Creek Viewpoint
Trees for Seattle presents the Lower Fauntleroy Tree Walk on Saturday, June 24th from 10 am – 12 pm. Free, but need to RSVP here.
Meet at Fauntleroy Creek Viewpoint at the junction of Fauntleroy Way SW and Director Street SW
With a stunning view of the Puget Sound, Fauntleroy Way is one of West Seattle’s most iconic streets. Tree ambassador Al Rouyer will lead a walk beginning at the Fauntleroy Creek Viewpoint. 22 trees are included in the walk. Al will describe interesting facts about the trees and gives ways to easily identify each tree. He will also give some of the interesting history of the Fauntleroy neighborhood. The walk is short covering only about the length of 3 city blocks. Come join Tree Ambassador Al as we tour this scenic drive and enjoy the trees among the ocean breeze.
Questions? Email TreeAmbassador@seattle.gov or call 206-615-1668.
Sign up for our newsletter to receive monthly updates and event notices.
Categories: Community networking Nature Walk Talks and Lectures
June Low Tide Beach Safari @ Mee-Kwa-Mooks Beach
Low Tide Beach Safari on Sunday, June 25, 2017, 11:30am – 1:00pm @ Me-Kwa-Mooks Beach.
Age 6 and up due to rocky beach. Meet at Emma Schmitz Outlook just above the beach. All children must be accompanied by an adult. Presented by Seattle Parks Urban Nature Guides. Free.
Search for tide pool animals during some of the best low tides of the year. Learn a bit of beach ecology and which animal is the most colorful – a sea star, a sea anemone, or a sea slug. Dress for windy weather and wear shoes that can get wet and handle slippery surfaces.
All programs led by highly trained Seattle Urban Nature Guides. Please remember all children must be accompanied by an adult.
REGISTRATION: Go to Seattle Parks to use the online registration system – SPARC. You need to sign up for am account and obtain a pin number in order to use the online system. This may take up to 24 hours, so plan ahead. Once you have your pin number, use the course code number listed in the program description to find the program in the SPARC system. The course code number is listed next to the program date.
Another way to register is to contact Camp Long Environmental Learning Center:
5200 35th Ave SW, Seattle, WA. 98126, Phone: 206-684-7434, Email: camplong@seattle.gov
Categories: At the beach Environment Nature Walk Wildlife
‘Music Under the Stars’ free concert series @ Delridge Playfield
“Music Under the Stars” is an all-ages series of free outdoor musical evenings at Delridge Playfield presented by the Seattle Chamber Music Society, Seattle Parks and Recreation, Classical KING-FM, and the Delridge Community Center. Each evening begins at 7:30pm with live chamber music performed by a student or professional ensemble. At 8:00pm, the music continues with a live audio broadcast direct from Benaroya Hall. Snacks and beverages provided by the Delridge CC Advisory Council.
7/3 Mon 7:30 pm
7/10 Mon 7:30 pm
7/17 Mon 7:30pm
The Seattle Chamber Music Society presents free music at Delridge Playfield. Bring a picnic, stretch out on the lawn, and enjoy some of the best classical music ever written. It’s another summer of Music Under the Stars, a series of free outdoor musical evenings presented by the Seattle Chamber Music Society, Seattle Parks and Recreation, Classical KING-FM, and the Delridge Community Center.
The concerts take place on Monday evenings July 3th, 10th, 17th and 24th. Each event begins at 7:30pm with live music performed by an outstanding student or professional ensemble. At 8:00pm the evening continues with a live audio broadcast of world-renowned artists performing at Benaroya Hall, provided directly to the park by KING-FM.
According to Artistic Director James Ehnes, “Music Under the Stars is a wonderful opportunity for the whole community to get together in the evening air, and enjoy great music in a very casual environment. And because the radio broadcast is live, our park audience gets to hear for free the exact concert being performed that very moment for the audience at Benaroya Hall.”
Each event takes place in Delridge Playfield (adjacent to the Delridge Community Center on Delridge Way in West Seattle).
Categories: Arts and Entertainment Community networking Culture Music
Puget Park – West Duwamish Greenbelt Restoration/Tree-Cutting Plan Open House @ SSC, Chan Education Center
Jul 8 @ 10:00 am – 1:00 pm
As part of the Green Seattle Partnership, Seattle Parks and Recreation will undertake a restoration project throughout 24 acres of the West Duwamish Greenspace. The site, Puget Park, is located on the hillside between South Seattle College and West Marginal Way. A map of the project area can be found online at http://arcg.is/1Dzvm1.
Work is scheduled to begin this summer, so please join Seattle Parks at Recreation for a project open house and site walk on Saturday, July 8th, from 10:00 AM-1:00 PM at South Seattle College, Chan Education Center (6000 16th Ave SW). The open house will run the duration of the time, with a brief presentation at 10:30 and a site walk at 11:30.
For more information about the project, check out the latest Green Seattle Partnership blog post or contact Michael Yadrick with any questions (michael.yadrick@seattle.gov).
Categories: Nature Walk Open Houses
Bastille Day Celebration @ @ Marée Bistro and Bar
Friday July 14, from 5-10 pm commemorate the storming of the Bastille with $7 glasses of rosé, Francophilic cocktails, and head cheese, rabbit, and tartines.
Free admission.
Marée Bistro & Bar
2820 Alki AVE SW, Seattle, WA 98116
Categories: Beverages Celebration Culture
Bastille Day Fete @ Welcome Road Winery
Welcome Road Winery presents Bastille Day Celebration, Saturday, July 15, 1 to 7pm @ Welcome Road Winery in West Seattle.
We are celebrating all things France: cheese, music, macarons, Macron and, of course, wine with sneak tastes of our upcoming releases. Tastings, along with noshes, are just $5.00 (refunded with bottle purchase). RSVP and tickets here.
Categories: Beverages Celebration Culinary event Culture Music
July Low Tide Beach Safari @ Mee-Kwa-Mooks Beach
Low Tide Beach Safari on Sunday, July 22, 2017, 9:30 – 11am @ Me-Kwa-Mooks Beach.
7/22/2017 Sun #166068
Deaf Community Beach Walk @ Lincoln Park
Meet us on the beach! Sign language interpretation will be available between 10 am and 1 pm at Lincoln Park on July 22, 2017 with beach naturalists during low tide.
Second Thursday OUT! @ (see posting)
Second Second Thursday OUT! – Thursday, August 10 at 6:00 pm. Senior Center of West Seattle invites the GLBTQ community, their friends and neighbors to a BBQ to kick off our 2017-18 year of programming. A-M bring a salad – N-Z bring a dessert. BBQ will be held offsite at Lee and David’s home. Call for details. 206-932-866
Categories: Community networking Dinners Meetup
Kid-friendly park walk with guidebook author @ Jack Block Park
Wednesday, Aug. 16, 11 AM at Jack Block Park
Kid-friendly park walk with guidebook author Linnea Westerlind
Join West Seattleite Linnea Westerlind, author of Discovering Seattle Parks, for a family-friendly hike through Jack Block Park in West Seattle. Come explore this unusual, little-known spot. The walk is stroller-friendly and is about one mile round-trip. Meet at the first parking lot near the restrooms. Harbor Ave. S.W. and S.W. Florida St., Seattle.
Guided trail walk
Guided trail walk in West Seattle
Saturday, August 26th, 9 am
Learn about lesser-known trails in West Seattle in the West Duwamish greenbelt! Meet at the Riverview playfield parking lot, 12th SW and SW Myrtle. Everyone and all ages are welcome. Parts of the trails are graveled and well-constructed; other parts are not formally maintained, so come prepared for that. The hike will consist of an approximately 3 mile loop that will take about 1.5 hours to complete. Sponsored by West Duwamish Greenbelt Trails group.
West Seattle Car Show @ South Seattle College
The 10th annual West Seattle Car Show – sponsored by Swedish Automotive (WSB sponsor) and West Seattle Autoworks (WSB sponsor) – is set for August 26, 2017. More info at westseattlecarshow.com.
Categories: Festivals Hobby shows
West Seattle Parks walking tour with author Linnea Westerlind
Saturday, Aug 26, 10 AM at Lincoln Park
West Seattle Parks walking tour with guidebook author Linnea Westerlind
Come along on a tour of several of West Seattle’s best parks with Linnea Westerlind, author of Discovering Seattle Parks. Enjoy a scenic walk and hear some history and interesting facts about some of the neighborhood’s best parks. Walk will be approximately 3-4 miles and take 1.5-2 hours. Meet at the north parking lot at Lincoln Park. 8011 Fauntleroy Way SW.
Categories: Books Nature Walk
Interview Day @ Providence Mount St. Vincent
Providence Mount St. Vincent on Sept. 8, 2017, will host “Interview Day at Providence Mount St. Vincent” to attract new staff to the internationally recognized West Seattle community that offers assisted living, skilled nursing, transitional care, and an intergenerational child-care program.
Interviews will be held for nursing and resident assistants. This includes registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, certified nursing assistants and resident assistants. Potential applicants can meet with staff, tour the facility and apply for positions during the Interview Day, which runs from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. at Providence Mount St. Vincent, 4831 35th Ave SW, Seattle.
Positions are also available in rehabilitation, dining services, housekeeping and the Mount’s internationally recognized Intergenerational Child Care Center.
Applicants should pre-register for the event at http://bit.ly/TheMountJobs.
Applicants may also apply for any position within Providence at www.providenceiscalling.jobs
Categories: Employment Health/Wellness
Duwamish Native Art & Crafts Market @ Duwamish Longhouse
The Duwamish Longhouse is sponsoring a monthly Duwamish Native Art & Crafts Market (Sept.-Dec.) to support and promote local Native American artists representing a board range of tribal traditions. It is a chance to meet the artists. Unique items in every price range. Snacks: soup of day and more. Free admission and parking for shoppers.
September 15, 16, 17, 10 am–6 pm
October 20, 21, 22, 10 am–6 pm
December 15, 16, 17, 10 am–6 pm
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/events/1450432641671440
Brownpaper Tickets: http://www.brownpapertickets.com/event/3079349
—Free admission and parking for shoppers!
Opened in 2009, the Longhouse is a traditional cedar post and beam structure designed in the Puget Salish Longhouse style. It houses a Native Art Gallery, Duwamish History Museum, Gift Shop, Duwamish Tribal Offices, and traditional Longhouse. As in ancient times, Longhouse is the site where tribal business is conducted and cultural & educational events are held. It is the first Duwamish Longhouse built since the last one was burned down in West Seattle in 1894 to push the Duwamish off their land. In 1851, there were over 90 Duwamish Longhouses.
Open Tuesday–Saturday, 10 am-5 pm.
Categories: Art Culture Native Peoples and Lands Sales
Celebration of Chinese Culture @ Seattle Chinese Garden
Sep 16 @ 12:00 pm to 3:30 pm
eventbrite.com/e/celebration-of-traditional-culture-tickets-37574577573?aff=es2
SEATTLE CHINESE GARDEN CELEBRATION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE: Noon to 3:30 pm in the garden courtyard. This family-friendly event for all ages includes performances of dance, music, and song from 1 to 2:15, followed at 2:30 to 3:30 by a class for children demonstrating how to do a Chinese dance (parents and others welcome to watch). Come early for a Chinese painting demonstration from noon to 1 pm. Also enjoy Chinese dishes and snacks at a food booth. Event tickets are $16 for adults and $8 for ages 3 to 17. Visit seattlechinesegarden.org for information on availability of tickets at the gate.
Urban Homestead Foundation Farm Dinner / Pig Roast
FARM DINNER – PIG ROAST!
Mark your calendars for Saturday September 16th: Join UHF for the biggest fundraising event of the summer! We are shutting down the street and bringing in live music, a pig roast, a corn hole competition and a whole lot of fun while raising money to keep the Dakota Homestead property an open and active green space for the West Seattle community! The event will be from 5:00-9:00 pm at the Dakota Homestead property on the corner of 50th Ave SW & Dakota St SW!
Your ticket includes dinner, a drink, entertainment and dancing to a live band, cornhole and outdoor games, and a fun evening on the Dakota Homestead property!
Unlimited beer and wine in a special take-home glass is available for an additional price – please add this additional ticket in your cart and we will have your glass waiting for you upon arrival! This is a 21+ over event, no minors will be permitted.
All proceeds go directly towards the purchase of the Dakota Homestead property and will be matched by the King County Conservation Futures grant!
Get tickets here.
Categories: Dinners Fundraiser
Aussie Wine Dinner @ Arthur's
Arthur’s is hosting our second Aussie wine dinner next Thursday, September 21st at 6:00 pm. We are honored to have Angus Mitchell from Mitchell wines out of the Clare Valley in South Australia to show us the intricacies of his family vineyard’s production of several varietals new to Arthur’s. With the expert pairings from our chef, Ian Welch, this night stands to be one for the books. Space is limited with a $50 non-refundable deposit for the $75 prix fixe menu. We’re excited to see everyone there!
Categories: Beverages Dinners Restaurants
West Seattle Big Band Swing Dance and Dinner @ Senior Center of West Seattle
West Seattle Big Band ‘Swing Along with Me’ featuring the sounds of Frank Sinatra. Dinner & dance benefit for the Senior Center of West Seattle.
6pm Doors and no-host bar open.
7pm Showtime
$20 for members $25 for nonmembers.
Pre-register by September 21 by calling 206.932.4044 x1, visiting www.sc-ws.org, or by stopping by the front desk at the Center.
Event will be held at the Senior Center at 4217 SW Oregon Street.
Categories: Benefits Dances Dinners Music
Free event: Medicine Songs from the Time of Chief Seattle @ Duwamish Longhouse & Cultural Center
Free Duwamish Event. Duwamish Teachings with NW Native Storyteller Johnny Moses: Medicine Songs from the Time of Chief Seattle (Songs of Chief Seattle’s Family). All are invited to share in a deeper understanding of the language and culture of the First People of Seattle, Chief Seattle’s Duwamish Tribe through traditional local songs and stories. Johnny Moses was a recipient of the 2012 WA Governor’s Heritage Award. Sponsored by 4Culture and Duwamish Tribal Services. Free admission/parking.
WHEN: Friday, Sept. 29, 2017, 7-8 pm. Come early to enjoy art gallery and exhibits.
206.431.1582 dts@qwestoffice.net
Parking: Additional free parking in area includes 2 parking lots across the street.
By bus, bike, and foot: The longhouse is across the street from the Duwamish Trail. By bus, take Route 21 to Chelan & Spokane, walk/bike 1 mile south on the Duwamish Trail. Cross W. Marginal Way SW at the parking lot driveway of Herring House Park and walk 30 feet south to the longhouse.
Categories: Culture Local History Music Native Peoples and Lands
Lantern Festival & Lantern Competition @ Chief Sealth International High School
Please join us for the Lantern Festival & Lantern Competition on
September 30th, 4:30 pm-8:30 pm
Chief Sealth High School
2600 SW Thistle Street
There will be lion dance, cultural performances, and art & craft for kids, and much more….
Categories: Art Culture
Harvest Dinner Potluck & Talent Show @ Highland Park Improvement Club
Join your HPIC family around the dinner table! This is the perfect time of the year to break bread with your neighbors, count your blessings, to share meaningful stories, soul-nourishing food, and build our sense of community. Celebrate the harvest by bringing a seasonal home-made dish to share. The HPIC bar will be open.
And back by popular demand: We will be hosting a talent show! The gifted & comedic duo – Chris Huson and Krissy Otis – will be coordinating and hosting the talent show. What are we looking for?
A performance that is no longer than five minutes. There will be a gong reminder, if needed.
A family friendly act (if you have a burlesque talent, that would be a different show).
No age restriction. Talent is talent, regardless of age.
Email us (hpic1919@gmail.com) to sign up for the Talent Show! You know you want to…
Also, we’ll be collecting food for the White Center Food Bank, so bring a non-perishable food item to donate.
Dinner starts: 6:30 PM
Talent show starts: 7:30 PM
Categories: Community networking Dinners
Tet Nhi Dong: Children’s Moonlight Festival @ Vietnamese Cultural Center
Food, Drink
Lion Dance
Karate Performance
Mid-autumn lantern parade
Games led by Boy Scout Troop 286
See the poster here.
Categories: Culture Festivals
‘Art Interruptions’ Walking Tour @ Cottage Grove Park
Join Feet First to tour some of the Delridge “art interruptions” – details here.
Categories: Art Nature Walk
Job Fair @ Neighborhood House High Point
EMPLOYERS ARE HIRING!
WorkSource, the Family Resource
Center at Neighborhood House High
Point and the Seattle Housing Authority
are sponsoring a one-day job fair from
10am to 1pm. Come professionally
dressed with your résumé and be
prepared to interview.
• Caregiving
• Janitorial
• Food Service
• Auto Repair
You can also use this space
for job fair requirements.
Meet employers in these
industries and more:
Jobs are waiting for YOU!
Megan Demeroutis
Family Center Supervisor
206- 588-4900345- 6789
megand@nhwa.org
‘Death along the Delta’ – a Murder Mystery Masquerade Ball @ Duos Catering
Join for Duos Catering and Murder for Sale for Death along the Delta – a Murder Mystery Masquerade Ball on Saturday, October 14.
Welcome to the Grand Southern Mansion of the famous pork rind fortune heir Miles Chesterton. Upon hearing the tragic news of the death of his parents, Miles Chesterton went mad and was committed to Weeping Willows Sanitarium. Join his off center family and meddling neighbors for a costumed ball to welcome him home. Don’t be surprised if the party goes south if guests start to die!
Entrée choices from the award winning Duo’s Catering:
Grilled Flat Iron : Steak Flat Iron Steak with Caper Berry Pesto, Parsnip Puree, Cauliflower Gratin in Cassoulet, Golden Beets with Peas, Brussels Sprouts and a Preserved Lemon Vinaigrette, Petite Greens
Chicken with Mushroom :Airline Chicken Breast with Potato Mash, Cipollini Onion, Mushroom Reduction and Pistachio Spiked Rainbow Carrots
Roasted Roots Veg/GF: Roasted Heirloom Carrots and Falafel with Winter Root Puree, Orange Segments, and Cipollini Onion
Price: $95 – includes murder mystery performance, salad, entrée choice, dessert, tax and gratuity.
*** Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverage available to purchase.
Location: The Lounge at Duos – 2940 SW Avalon Way, Seattle, WA 98126
Time: 6:30pm cocktails; show and dinner starts at 7:00pm
Dress: Costumes highly encouraged. Prize for best dressed!
Reservations: Call 206.452.2452
For additional information visit:
duoscatering.com
murderforsale.com
Categories: Dinners Miscellaneous
Seattle Latino Film Festival: Closing Night Film & Party @ Admiral Theater
At 7 pm October 14th, the film “Duel of Wine” – read more about it here – will close the Seattle Latino Film Festival, and the screening will be held at the Admiral Theater in West Seattle. Lead actor Charlie Arturaola and producer Lino Pujia will be in attendance, organizers say. The $25 ticket gets you into the film and closing-night party.
Categories: Culture Films
Highland Park dinner & square dance @ Highland Park Elementary
4th Annual SQUARE DANCE
6-9pm (Dinner 6-7pm)
> Live string band!
> All ages and abilities welcome!
> Dinner provided!
> Every kid goes home with a pumpkin!
> FREE event! Donations accepted as a PTA fundraiser.
Categories: Benefits Dances Dinners School-Related Groups
West Seattle Lions Club’s Oktoberfest – CANCELED @ Sisson Building/WS Senior Center
**Update 10/19 – this has been canceled**
West Seattle Lions Club: Our Annual “OKTOBERFEST”
Celebrate Oktoberfest in Bavarian style without leaving West Seattle. Enjoy a hearty meal with live music.
German Sausage
Hot Potato Salad
Hot Apple Strudel
Beer or wine available separately.
Funds support Lions projects. Credit cards accepted.
Categories: Dinners Holidays Music
Neighborhood House Benefit: ‘Caravale’ – Vietnam through art, music and cuisine @ Palace Ballroom
Neighborhood House invites you to Caravale – an evening to explore different cultures and celebrate community.
This year, we will experience the beauty, resilience and joy of Vietnam through art, music and cuisine. “Travel” with us to this intriguing, coastal country for a remarkable night of conversation, entertainment and inspiration.
Award-winning chefs Tom Douglas and Matthew Dillon will prepare a multi-course feast of Vietnamese favorites, and a handcrafted cocktail will set the mood for a magical evening. A performance by local traditional musicians is sure to delight, and dancing follows dinner and a short program.
Friday, October 27, 2017 | 6:30–10:30 pm.
Palace Ballroom | Seattle, WA
Caravale is an annual benefit for Neighborhood House. Funds raised support programs serving immigrants and refugees living in King County.
Your gift of $250, $500 or more will touch the lives of children and families throughout our region. Here are some examples of how:
•$250 pays for a year of tutoring for a child learning English, promoting success in school.
•$500 pays for a 2-hour college-readiness seminar for 5 first-time students pursuing a degree.
•$750 covers the cost of a citizenship application, helping someone reach a very special goal.
•$1,000 provides training for 90 parents of children in our early learning programs, teaching them about the school system and how to advocate for their child.
•$3,000 pays for a year of citizenship classes so that 15 people can learn English and prepare for the citizenship exam.
•$6,000 covers a year of job training and support so that an immigrant or refugee can begin a living wage career.
Supporters giving $1,000 or more per year will be welcomed into our exclusive Sparklight Circle and are invited to our popular Grillin’ with Dillon donor recognition event.
Caravale tickets cost $125 per person, and include all food and beverages. Purchase yours here or call Ward Wright at 206.461.8430, ext. 2053 to reserve a seat at this bountiful table. If you would like to host a table for eight or 10 guests, please phone Ward to learn about options and pricing.
Would your company or organization like to sponsor Caravale? Please read our sponsorship chart for opportunities, or contact Kae Saeteurn at kaes@nhwa.org or 206.461.8430, ext. 2052 for details.
If you’re unable to join us but would like to support Neighborhood House, donate here. We appreciate your generosity.
Categories: Arts and Entertainment Benefits Culinary event Culture
SHNIT International Shortfilm Festival 2017 @ Highland Park Improvement Club
SHNIT Worldwide Short Film Festival is at HPIC on Friday, October 27th!
HPIC is proud to be partnering with shnit again as a screening venue during the 2017 Shnit Worldwide Short Film Festival. As ambitious as it is unforgettably bold, shnit Worldwide Shortfilmfestival unfolds simultaneously in multiple cities on five continents, bringing together more than 30,000 filmmakers and film lovers in ways rarely experienced elsewhere on the festival circuit. Over its 12 days, shnit celebrates more than 200 short films of all genres and styles. Voting on the films takes place immediately following the viewing of the films.
Cocktails & Concessions at 7:00 PM. Movies start at 8:00 PM.
$7 for members, $10 for non-members (pay at the door).
21+ event. HPIC Bar will be open.
*Members must be current. There will be an opportunity to pay dues as well as join HPIC and pay the member suggested donation.
Categories: Beverages Culture Films
Guided hike on West Duwamish Greenbelt trails
Guided hike
Saturday, October 28th, 9:00-10:30 am
Learn about lesser-known West Seattle trails in the West Duwamish greenbelt, the largest urban forest in Seattle! Everyone and all ages are welcome. Parts of the trails are graveled and well-constructed; other parts are not formally maintained, so come prepared for possible muddy patches. This interesting hike is an approximately 3 mile loop that will take about 90 minutes to complete. The trailhead is across from Pioneer Industries on the north side of Highland Park Way SW, just 100 feet west (uphill) from its junction with West Marginal Way SW. Sponsored by West Duwamish Greenbelt Trails: wdgtrails.wordpress.com
Longfellow Creek celebration
From Seattle Parks:
Many community members, from organizations to individuals, work hard to keep Longfellow Creek healthy and accessible. Twenty-five years ago, two community plans laid out a vision for improved access to Longfellow creek. The Longfellow Creek Legacy Trail was developed by neighbors in partnership with government, businesses, non-profits, and schools. Formal tours and stewardship opportunities—like planting trees and monitoring water quality and salmon—provide hands-on connections to the Creek. Many schools in the area participate in arts, environmental education, and other programs along the Creek.
Longfellow Creek is a natural link among communities throughout Delridge, High Point, and Westwood neighborhoods. While many consider it a natural wonder, the Creek’s benefit to people, plants, and animals can be hidden from view. To bring light to Longfellow Creek’s contributions, the City of Seattle and community partners are hosting a celebration of the creek and we want you to join!
Celebrate 25+ years at the Creek
Bring your neighbors, friends, and family to celebrate over 25 years of community engagement with Longfellow Creek on November 5, 2017. The fun will kick off at the corner of 28th Ave SW and SW Dakota St* and run from 1:00 – 4:00 p.m. All ages are encouraged to come participate in activities like exploring the Dragonfly Pavilion and Salmon Bone Bridge, caring for garden beds, creating a postcard inspired by Longfellow Creek, looking inside a salmon, and enjoying guided nature walks.
Please RSVP at: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/LongfellowCreek
Questions? Email Sheryl.Shapiro@Seattle.gov or call (206) 615-1443.
*In case of heavy rain, the celebration will be relocated to the Delridge Community Center (4501 Delridge Way SW, Seattle, WA 98106).
Dragonfly Pavilion and Salmon Bone Bridge
Let your imagination soar when you see the giant salmon bones and 16-foot-tall dragonfly—two copper sculptures on the Longfellow Creek Legacy Trail.
Postcards from the Creek
Meet your creek is an art project by Vaughn Bell, an artist who lives in the creek watershed. Create unique, hand-made postcards based on your observations and understanding of Longfellow Creek. You will get the chance to mail the postcard to a friend or loved one, or to donate it to the postcard archive which may be displayed in the community. Images of the postcards will be shared online at the Meet Your Creek blog.
Salmon: Look inside
You may know how a fish swims, but do you know how it eats, breathes, and reproduces? You’ll discover the swimming, eating, breathing, and reproducing systems—and you can touch them (if you want to)!
Local naturalists will guide you through the park and open spaces on a flat, wide trail. See and learn about the creek, salmon, and the wide variety of plants and their historical uses.
Categories: Celebration Nature Walk
A reading by Steve Adelson ‘Apocalypse at Little Bighorn-The Demise of a Culture’ @ C&P Coffee Co.
Veteran Park Ranger, author and documentary producer Steve Adelson presents a reading: “Apocalypse At Little Bighorn -The Demise Of A Culture”.
This coffee house presentation will examine the erosion of the native Sioux and Cheyenne culture that culminated at the Battle of the Little Big Horn, later to become legendarily know as “Custer’s Last Stand”. In reality, it was not only his last stand, but the last gasp of Indian resistance against Euro-American encroachment on the northern plains.
Adelson will be examining this epic confrontation and the characters and events that shaped this story. A story that still haunts the American consciousness even today.
The lives of Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall, Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen are some of the individuals highlighted in the discussion.
Adelson, a West Seattle graduate, is a prolific writer and his book “Little Bighorn; Voices From A Distant Wind” will be available for purchase. In addition, his documentary, “Contested Ground” is included with an autographed copy of the book.
Adelson has presented to thousands of visitors at Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument in southeast Montana. He has been a lecturer on the History Channel, C-Span, Discovery Channel, Travel Channel and other media productions.
You can examine his work at his website.
Categories: Books Culture Readings
Art Walk, Food Drive @ John L. Scott-West Seattle
Kim Davis and Chris Thomsen with The Davis Group are hosting an Art Walk stop at John L. Scott’s Junction building. Hilary Petta is the artist. This is a food drive for the West Seattle Food Bank and they want to encourage everyone to stop by with food or cash donations. And don’t worry about missing Thursday Night Football with the Seahawks – they’ll have the game on two big screens!
Categories: Art Food Drive
Blue Jay Brings Back the Moon @ Duwamish Tribe Longhouse
We are a non-profit, 501c3, holding a large annual cultural event, “Blue Jay Brings Back the Moon” A Celebration of Native Arts & Culture, Saturday, November 18, 2017, 4:00 to 8:00 p.m. at Duwamish Longhouse, 4705 West Marginal Way SW.
Featuring Shipibo Textiles from Peru and local Native artists. Native Art Show & Reception: 4:00 to 6:00 p.m. Traditional Dinner & Festive Program: 6:00 to 8:00 p.m.
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White Tiger Philosophy
Southern Shaolin Kung Fu History
Kung Fu Forms
Qigong Tradition
Adult Martial Arts
Self Defense Training
Fit Fight Program
Qigong Meditation
Qigong Training Program
Kung Fu Equipment
A Pure & Complete Traditional Kung Fu System
Our Kung Fu training will keep the body in a state of premium health, creating longevity and increased levels of performance.
White Tiger Schools is a company that cares about the well being of the world. We provide an alternative martial arts fitness lifestyle to the public – a pure and complete traditional Kung Fu system that develops optimal internal energy, as well as external movement, speed, and power. Our Kung Fu training will keep the body in a state of premium health, creating longevity and increased levels of performance as you learn Kung Fu self defense techniques and traditions. At this Kung Fu School, our goal is to have the relationship between teachers and students be one of patience, care and compassion. This will inspire us all, developing a foundation for personal growth in all areas of life, as well as providing aliveness, confidence and success to every person we serve.
Grandmaster Doo Wai
For six generations, White Tiger Kung Fu has been passed from father to son, ending finally with Grandmaster Doo Wai, who has decided to make the art available to the public. Aside from holding the esteemed title, Grandmaster Doo Wai serves as a technical advisor on martial arts-related feature films and served as the Grand Juror of the San Diego Asian Film Festival. A Chinese historian and scholar, Grandmaster Doo Wai has been on the cover of Inside Kung Fu, Ancient Sets of Kung Fu, and Karate Kung Fu Illustrated.
Shi Gung Tom Rizzo
A martial arts student since the age of six, Tom Rizzo has studied a full range of martial arts including Karate, JuiJitsu, Judo, Tae Kwon Do, Aikido, and Kempo. Tom has been teaching since 1990, and has studied with Grandmaster Doo Wai since 1991. Rizzo, a highly decorated former federal agent, was a certified defense tactics instructor for the U.S. Department of Justice, teaching federal agents to fight in hand-to-hand combat.
Sifu Dennis Wood
Dennis Wood started his martial arts training with Kempo in 1988. Four years later he began studying Bak Fu Pai under Sifu Tom Rizzo and Grandmaster Doo Wai. He has since been a closed-door disciple of the Grandmaster. Dennis is a veteran of Operation Enduring Freedom where he served his time as a combat engineer. He is currently the chief Kung Fu instructor of the Westwood school and a lead member of Team White Tiger MMA.
Sifu Anton Peterson
Anton Peterson spent the early years of his life in the Seattle area of Washington State where in 1985 he started training in Okinawan-style Karate. In 1990 he moved to Tucson, Arizona with his family where he continued his martial arts training in Shirin Ryu, which is a style of karate that is closely related to the Okinawan system he originally learned. In 1993 Sifu Peterson moved to California to study music, which besides martial arts is one of his lifelong passions. At this time, he also began training in the southern kung fu system of San Soo, which is closely related to the White Tiger (Bak Fu Pai) system. He began to teach private sessions as well as group training in street defense designed around San Soo techniques. In 2002 he began closed door training in Bak Fu Pai under the tutelage of Shi Gung Thomas Rizzo. He currently holds a 5th degree black sash in this system and teaches at the Westwood school location. In addition to his formal martial arts training, Sifu Peterson has extensive experience working in security for nightclubs and bars as well as doing personal bodyguard work. During this time he was able to apply his martial knowledge in real life situations that have served him well as life lessons and practical martial arts training.
Sifu Jim Hagadone
Sifu Jim Hagadone began training Wing Chun Kung Fu in 1994 with renowned instructor and film fight choreographer Eric Oram . Sifu Jim assisted Sifu Oram running classes and eventually earned his Level Ten Gold Sash certification in 2007. Sifu Jim took the reins at the Academy while Oram was abroad working with Robert Downey Jr. on Sherlock Holmes, Iron Man and other projects. Oram retired from full time teaching to focus on film & television fight & action choreography and private clients, Sifu Jim carried on the public group training opening his own kwoon Eternal Springtime Wing Chun in 2013. Sifu Hagadone has had the privilege of also training with his Si-Gung , Grandmaster William Cheung, Master Phil Redmond and many senior instructors in the Cheung lineage as well as top students of Sifu Gary Lam, Hawkins Cheung , as well as sessions with ground fighting masters Gene LeBell and Gokor Chivichian and kick boxing with Benny the Jet Urquidez.
Coach Blair Green
Blair Green heads up the Wrestling and Grappling program at White Tiger Schools. He also enjoys coaching the BFP Fight Team. He began his wrestling career at Victor Valley High School where he was part of the California State Championship team, and was an individual placer and State Champion. Green went on to earn the distinction of 1st Team HS All-American. He wrestled at the University of Oklahoma and help create Lindenwood University’s wrestling program, where he was an All-American. Blair is currently the Director of Grappling for USA Wrestling in California. He is a member of the Associated styles committee Nationally and works closely with the international governing body United World Wrestling. Green is committed to developing quality individuals through wrestling and grappling.
Jou Gau Michael DiQuinzo
Michael DiQuinzio is the Director of the Kids and Youth Program at White Tiger Kung Fu. His impressive competitive pedigree includes an undefeated amateur MMA record with 2 stoppages, including Epic Fights’ Submission of the Night. He won NoGi Grappling Gold as the Absolute Purple Unlimited class at the NABJJF LA Open. Along his martial arts journey DiQuinzio has achieved mastery of Iron Palm Level 1 and Three Star procedures. He became a QTC Level 4 certified instructor and achieved a life-long goal of earning his Black Sash in 2017. DiQuinzio’s training outlook makes him uniquely qualified to lead and impact our youth. In addition to the technical and competitive achievements his student gain, Michael believes that life skills and connection to fellow students is the greater accomplishment. “Training is a time when everything quiets down, we get to focus on this…It’s special to watch them train and interact without a game or a phone in their hand…them make real world connections and real friendships”
Jay Hawkins
Originally from Detroit Michigan, Jay Hawkins started training in Shotokan Karate at the age 13. After attaining the rank of Black Belt in 2012, he began perusing a career as a Hollywood stunt actor in California where he blends traditional martial arts with performance style film fighting. Jay has performed for Power Rangers, Into the Badlands, Nickelodeon’s Supah Ninjas, and with musical artist Kendrick Lamar. Hawkins teaching method for over ten years has been focused on detail orientation, partnered with high energy to keep students engaged and excited. As he continues to train for his black sash, Jay works as the Director of the Kids and Youth Program at White Tiger Kung Fu. “I have experienced the transformative powers of martial arts at a young age. Teaching the culture, performance, and practicality of the arts has turned into my life’s work. I aim to translate all that I know to as many as I can; to children and adults alike.”
Kid's Program
We are committed to teaching kids martial arts and fitness. It is our mission to engage kids and empower them with the tools they need to succeed.
White Tiger Kung Fu classes are a unique combination of muscle toning and strength training drills.
Meditation-QiGong Program
We embrace Qigong, an ancient health system that consists of breathing, focus and coordinated muscle movements designed to cultivate Chi-Energy.
WhiteTigerSchools
1990 Westwood Boulevard
Monday 10 AM - 10 PM
Tuesday 12 PM - 10 PM
Wednesday 10 AM - 10 PM
Thursday 12 PM - 10 PM
Friday 10 AM - 8:30 PM
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Volleyball Wins Twice on Opening Day
UC Santa Cruz (0-1) 23 25 22 19 1
Whitworth (1-0) 25 21 25 25 3
Elmhurst (0-2) 19 19 29 19 1
K: Isabella Hoglund - 11
D: Rachel Sveiven - 20
SA: Gio Martins - 4
K: Emiko Kahler - 17
B: Lauren Budde - 3
D: Addy Woolery - 16
SA: Jessica Schmautz - 3
K: Brouwer, Bailey - 18
B: Duis, Emily - 4
D: Shuty, Rachel - 19
SA: Thomas, Valerie - 2
K: Jessica Schmautz - 18
B: Jessica Schmautz - 3
SA: 2 Players (#4, #6) - 2
NEWBERG, Ore. – Whitworth opened the 2018 volleyball season with a perfect start, claiming a pair of 3-1 victories on the opening day of the Oregon Trail Classic at George Fox University.
Jessica Schmautz totaled 26 kills in the two matches to lead the Pirates (2-0). Whitworth will complete the tournament on Saturday against College of New Rochelle (N.Y.) and Johnson and Wales (Colo.).
Match 1: Whitworth d. UC Santa Cruz 25-23, 21-25, 25-22, 25-19
Emiko Kahler led all players with 17 kills, while Lauren Budde pounded 13 kills and added three block assists for the Bucs. Erin White dished 43 assists in her first match back after a year off. Addy Woolery had 16 digs in her first career match.
Whitworth rallied from a 17-14 deficit to win the first set. The Pirates had to hold off a UCSC rally to win the third and took the fourth comfortably after pulling away from a 15-15 tie.
Match 2: Whitworth d. Elmhurst 25-19, 25-19, 25-27, 25-19
The Pirates appeared on the way to a three-set sweep of the Bluejays before Elmhurst rallied from an 18-14 deficit to win the third set. But the Pirates prevented any hope of a complete comeback by dominating the fourth stanza.
Schmautz had 18 kills and three solo blocks for Whitworth. She was the only Pirate player in double figures. Danielle Tang came off the bench for eight kills. Erin White dished 49 assists and Woolery had 26 digs.
It was the first-ever meeting between the Pirates and Bluejays.
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Mobile Audio
Updated February 01, 2019 by Christopher Thomas
The 10 Best Portable Headphone Amps
We spent 23 hours on research, videography, and editing, to review the top picks for this wiki. When it comes time to upgrade your portable entertainment setup, one of the best purchases you can make is a quality amplifier. And with today's plethora of music formats, it's imperative to find the most capable amp around. Nearly all headphones, especially high-end models, will benefit from the increased power, as well as the detailed decoding and playback, of one of these top-rated selections. When users buy our independently chosen editorial picks, we may earn commissions to support our work. Skip to the best portable headphone amp on Amazon.
10. Hidizs Type C
Those on an extremely thin budget won't have to sacrifice much audio quality with the Hidizs Type C, which is designed to complement modern smartphones while adding very little bulk. It offers a signal-to-noise ratio of 114 decibels, far exceeding that of most devices.
Includes a type a adapter
Highly durable woven cable
Incompatible with iphones and ipads
9. Sony PHA1A
Suitable for cans with anywhere from 8- to 600-ohm impedance, the Sony PHA1A has the look, feel, and performance of a top-quality device, although it does come at a rather high price. It works great with PCs and Apple products, but may not play nicely with Android phones.
Compatible with usb on the go
Audiophile-grade wolfson dac
Battery doesn't last very long
PHA1A
15.2 ounces
8. Topping NX4
Boasting a top-of-the-line sample rate, plus Direct Stream Digital decoding, the Topping NX4 can satisfy even the pickiest audiophiles. Its powerful hardware is packed into a durable aluminum body, with a high-end fit and finish.
Above-average battery life
Onboard bass boost and gain switches
No wireless connectivity
TOPPING NX4 Black
7. Fiio A3
For crystal-clear playback that doesn't cost a fortune, consider the Fiio A3, which is priced well under $100, and can accommodate headphones of up to 150 ohms. It has a physical high and low gain switch, plus a 3.5-decibel bass boost at 60 hertz.
Battery lasts up to 16 hours
Relatively low harmonic distortion
Lacks a digital-to-analog converter
A3 (E11K)
6. Apogee Groove
Weighing only 9 grams, and with a remarkably streamlined interface, the Apogee Groove is definitely one of the easiest to use. It features a relatively neutral response across the entire spectrum without excessive roll-off, due, in part, to its use of 4 DACs per channel.
Utilizes a mini usb input
Great for computers and phones
A rather expensive choice
5. AudioQuest Dragonfly Red
The AudioQuest Dragonfly Red is about the size of a USB thumb drive, and would make an excellent upgrade over many laptops' mediocre sound cards. It's natively compatible with Windows, and thus requires no additional driver installation.
Among the most popular options
32-bit sabre digital-to-analog chip
Subpar 96-khz maximum sample rate
Dragonfly Red
4. Fiio Q5
Made for some of the most discerning users, the Fiio Q5 is capable of a single-ended as well as a balanced output. Its onboard status light changes colors based on the resolution and type of the incoming signal, and it supports the high-end DSD 256 format.
Certified to work with apple devices
Uses the aptx bluetooth codec
Among the more expensive options
3. SMSL Idea
Designed for those who demand the highest-resolution signal possible, the SMSL Idea boasts some of the most impressive capabilities around. These include support for sample rates of up to 768 kilohertz at 32 bits, as well as octuple-rate Direct Stream Digital playback.
Exceptional volume dynamics
Minimal total harmonic distortion
Great sound accuracy at a low price
SMSL
2. NextDrive Spectra X
With an ultra-slim, cylindrical form factor, the NextDrive Spectra X is one of the most portable options you'll find. Intelligent distortion reduction, plus a host of excellent components, allow it to provide just about the cleanest soundstage possible.
32-bit decoding at 384 kilohertz
For impedances up to 600 ohms
Comes in usb type a or c versions
1. EarStudio ES100
While the EarStudio ES100 isn't the most well-known option, a number of factors make it one of the best choices around. Not only does it deliver an exceptional listening experience, it's remarkably tiny, and weighs only 20 grams.
Single-ended and unbalanced output
Reliable bluetooth connectivity
Very well priced for the performance
EarStudio
No matter how expensive your headphones, if they're connected to a subpar amplifier, you will not be able to get the most out of them. Luckily, there's no shortage of portable amps; some are a bit larger than others, but it shouldn't be difficult to find the right pocket-size choice for your needs. FiiO makes quite a few different models, some of which feature a removable power unit, which can be replaced down the road with a stronger one, should you even further upgrade your cans. Sony, of course, makes fantastic equipment, and their PHA1A is no exception, though it is pretty expensive. On the opposite end of the price spectrum is the Hidisz, which can increase the quality of your tunes without greatly decreasing the size of your bank account. The Topping and the SMSL both sport incredibly high sample rates, plus excellent DirectSound Digital support, which the most discerning listeners and collectors will certainly appreciate. Also, for what it's worth, the SMSL is incredibly slim, so much so that you'll barely notice it in your pocket alongside your smart device. Its tiny form factor is matched by only the NextDrive Spectra X, which is only about the size of a felt-tipped marker, and is just about as light. The Apogee is also quite lightweight, and it's pretty popular, though it's another of the more costly devices. The Dragonfly is hands-down one of the most talked-about, and as long as you don't need wireless connectivity, it's a great choice. But for the money, versatility, and functionality, it's awfully difficult to get better than the EarStudio, which supports multiple file types, as well as the balanced output utilized by some of the most revered audiophile headphones.
See all mobile audio wikis »
Last updated on February 01, 2019 by Christopher Thomas
Building PCs, remodeling, and cooking since he was young, quasi-renowned trumpeter Christopher Thomas traveled the USA performing at and organizing shows from an early age. His work experiences led him to open a catering company, eventually becoming a sous chef in several fine LA restaurants. He enjoys all sorts of barely necessary gadgets, specialty computing, cutting-edge video games, and modern social policy. He has given talks on debunking pseudoscience, the Dunning-Kruger effect, culinary technique, and traveling. After two decades of product and market research, Chris has a keen sense of what people want to know and how to explain it clearly. He delights in parsing complex subjects for anyone who will listen -- because teaching is the best way to ensure that you understand things yourself.
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We also offer waffle irons with many attributes that add value for advanced chefs. Additional features include a variety of temperature settings, locking lids, countdown timers and chimes that announce the waffles are cooked. Some useful qualities for cooks of any skill level include griddle surfaces that don’t get gummed up with dough and moats to catch excess batter and keep it off the counter, which reduces the likelihood of messes and helps to simplify cleanup. Make the perfect pastry for serving cold desserts, such as ice cream or gelato, with specialty electric cookware such as a waffle cone maker. Properties like nonstick plates allow for easy cleaning, and they help make it possible to move quickly from completing one cone to starting the next without regreasing each time.
We also tested the flip model from Hamilton Beach, the Hamilton Beach Flip Belgian Waffle Maker. It has a drip tray and removable plates for easy cleanup, and, although this unit is larger, the handle folds in for easier storage. Similar to the other Hamilton Beach model, though, this unit did not heat up well, which led to sticking and dense waffles.
There was one area in which the flip proved useful, which was creating full waffles with batter that flowed from edge to edge without overflowing the iron. With a stationary model, you’re left to depend on just the weight of the top plate to spread out the batter, which often requires you to overfill it to reach the edges, particularly with square waffles. With a flip model, you also get some help from the rotational movement to distribute the batter, making it easier to completely fill the plates with less batter.
One of the most important attributes of a waffle maker is how well its nonstick coating works—there’s nothing worse than trying to clean stuck-on waffle from those narrow cracks. Luckily, waffles popped out easily from the Krups GQ502D with the aid of silicone tongs or chopsticks, even on the one or two occasions when opening the lid took a little prying. The manual recommends oiling the plates just once each time you use the machine, and we found that this step was more than enough to keep waffles from sticking, even through many rounds of batter. Best of all, the waffle plates detach from the machine, so once they’re cool you can pop them in the sink and wash them with soap and water, or, according to the manufacturer, even run them through the dishwasher. This is so much easier than cleaning most of the other machines we tried, including our former top pick, which requires you to wipe down the plates still in the machine with first a soapy cloth and then a damp one; inevitably, some soap seems to cling stubbornly in the cracks. But only two other machines we tested—the Nordic Ware stovetop model and Black+Decker’s brand-new (as of 2016) Removable Plate Waffle Maker, model WM700R—featured removable plates, and both fell far short of the Krups in ease of use and quality of waffles.
I don’t think that the geometry of the waffle iron (shape, or depth of indentations) has any effect on the taste. Grease older waffle irons with some oil or melted butter before you begin to bake. I have had some success with spraying the hot iron with aerosol cooking oil like PAM. If waffles get to stick to the iron, dig out the mess and re-grease the iron. Modern teflon waffle-makers do not need any surface treatment. However, with some practice and seasoning, nothing ever really sticks to a well-cared for waffle iron.
Moving into the 17th century, unsweetened or honey-sweetened waffles and oublies – often made of non-wheat grains – were the type generally accessible to the average citizen.[15][28] The wheat-based and particularly the sugar-sweetened varieties, while present throughout Europe, were prohibitively expensive for all but the monarchy and bourgeoisie.[15] Even for the Dutch, who controlled much of the mid-century sugar trade, a kilogram of sugar was worth ½ an ounce of silver (the equivalent of ~$7 for a 5 lb. bag, 01/2016 spot silver prices), while, elsewhere in Europe, it fetched twice the price of opium.[29][30] The wealthier families' waffles, known often as mestiers, were, "...smaller, thinner and above all more delicate, being composed of egg yolks, sugar, and the finest of the finest flour, mixed in white wine. One serves them at the table like dessert pastry."[15]
While the Oster and Cuisinart were the two top waffle makers among our finalists in initial testing, there are four other strong choices as well. Ultimately, we went with the two that stood out during testing. None of these really stood out as a drop-in replacement for the Oster when it was discontinued, so we went looking for something with power to match our old pick and settled on the BELLA. However, if you’re looking for something different, we encourage you to read about the other four finalists (and the additional seventh non-finalist) as well.
Flemish waffles, or Gaufres à la Flamande, are a specialty of northern France and portions of western Belgium.[69] The original recipe, published in 1740 by Louis-Auguste de Bourbon in Le Cuisinier Gascon, is as follows: Take "deux litrons" (1.7 liters or 7 cups) of flour and mix it in a bowl with salt and one ounce of brewer's yeast barm. Moisten it completely with warm milk. Then whisk fifteen egg whites and add that to the mixture, stirring continuously. Incorporate "un livre" (490 grams or 1.1 pounds) of fresh butter, and let the batter rise. Once the batter has risen, take your heated iron, made expressly for these waffles, and wrap some butter in a cloth and rub both sides of the iron with it. When the iron is completely heated, make your waffles, but do so gently for fear of burning them. Cooked, take them out, put them on a platter, and serve them with both sugar and orange blossom water on top.[70]
A stovetop waffle maker is essentially a hinged pair of cooking plates that fasten together. To cook waffles, you put the batter inside the waffle maker and put it on the stove, flipping it over to cook both sides. This was how people cooked waffles before electric waffle makers existed, and some people who grew up making them this way may prefer a stovetop model.
Belgian waffles are thicker than American waffles, and also have deeper wells for butter, syrup, or whatever else you decide to put on top of your waffle. In our opinion, choosing a waffle style comes down to a personal preference. However, the majority of highly-regarded waffle makers are Belgian — with the notable exception of one of our top picks: the Cuisinart-Round Classic Waffle Maker.
What we didn’t like: This is a big and bulky unit, making it a difficult fit in small spaces. Without a drip tray, there is potential for mess. (However, because it's a flip model, you need less batter to fill up the iron, so drips are also less likely.) There was some unevenness in cooking, with the edges browning a touch faster than the rest. The deep wells and fixed plates make cleanup difficult.
You can depend on the Breville the No Mess Waffle for thin crispy waffle rounds, one after another, after another. The other great thing about this brushed stainless-steel waffler is that it has a moat around the waffle grid that catches any excess batter so there’s never any runover on the counter or the machine itself making it truly no mess. It lights up and beeps when it’s hot enough for baking and again when your waffle is ready, but we wish the beeps were louder—they would be easy to miss in a noisy kitchen. After breakfast, you can latch the grids together and store it on its side to have more room to prep for the next meal.
What’s more reassuring is when you sit down to tuck-in and the waffles are still crisp and warm. In my experience, a moderately warm oven can be helpful in maintaining ultimate crispness, but only in small batches. Large batches can end up unappetizingly rock-hard because they can overcook from the heat of the oven. A better approach to all of this is to toss the freshly made waffles— one at a time— back and forth between your hands. This essentially helps release any steam and allows for divine crispness. However, for another approach to this, I’ve some more tips.
The Wonderffle Stuffed Waffle Iron is a patent-pending stovetop waffle maker that let's you cook Belgian-style waffles with your favorite foods inside of them. It has a unique form and function that allows you to remove the cooked waffle without ever having to touch the waffle itself. Since the "toppings" can be fully-enclosed inside the waffle, you can take your favorite meals with you on the go with no mess. So, do you like chicken and waffles? Now you can enjoy a chicken stuffed waffle!
Chef'sChoice PizzellePro Express Bake Griddle lets you bake Chef'sChoice PizzellePro Express Bake Griddle lets you bake 2 traditional size pizzelles in less than 30 seconds. An included cylinder form lets you roll the baked treats for cannoli shells. The non-stick baking surface and easy-clean overflow channel allow for effortless cleanup while a unique locking latch ensures uniform thickness ... More + Product Details Close
We were looking for an iron that consistently produced tall, evenly browned waffles with crisp shells and moist crumbs without any trial and error on our part. We focused on the newer, more prevalent flip- and rotary-style models, which either turn on a hinge or spin 180 degrees on a stand, but we also included several conventional stationary models. We set a price cap of $100 and tested 13 irons, making batches of both Belgian-style yeasted waffles and our everyday Cook’s Illustrated Best Buttermilk Waffles in each machine.
With all three batters, as well as our bonus rounds of stuffing and grilled cheese, there was a clear difference in the quality of results between higher-end, more expensive models and lower-end, budget models. The high-end models heated up significantly faster and hotter, and had a much shorter recovery time between waffles. They all have heavier plates than the lower-end models, resulting in even heat and consistent browning. The waffles made in our more expensive models all became deeply browned in under four minutes, while the less expensive models took anywhere from eight to 15 minutes. This resulted in huge variations in the density of the inside and the texture of the exterior of the waffles.
Among the slaves, whose cuisine was based almost entirely on the scraps left behind by landowners and plantation families, poultry was a rare delicacy. Similarly, waffles were unusual, expensive and time-consuming, and hence exotic. As a result, chicken and waffles came to be a special-occasion meal in African American families, often supplying a hearty Sunday morning meal before a long day in church.
Although we included one cast aluminum stovetop waffle maker, we decided to eliminate cast iron models, because seasoning the material added another layer of complexity to use and care. In addition, we were interested in testing a waffle maker with interchangeable plates (one that could also serve as a grill or panini press, for example), but the particular model we had our eye on, the T-fal EZ Clean Sandwich and Waffle Maker, has been discontinued, and in a later conversation with Matt Maichel, he confirmed that a device dedicated solely to waffle making works better than one that multitasks.
Oil is best for making these; butter just won’t cut it. If you’ve the time to make clarified butter, it works well here. For those of us that haven’t the time to do so for a batch of waffles, feel free to use any neutral-tasting oil. I used sunflower oil, but vegetable, canola, etc. would work well too. For a bit of flavor, coconut oil is a great option.
A. It's great to get kids involved in the kitchen, and making waffles is a relatively simple task. Waffle makers are fairly safe, but because the cooking plates get very hot, we don’t recommend kids use them without an age-appropriate level of adult supervision. Ideally, look for waffle makers with handles or exteriors that stay cool to the touch while in use.
Beyond that, we liked the very compact size (perfect for tiny apartment dwellers!) and modest price of the Hamilton Beach 2-Slice Belgian Waffle Maker. As usual, we were won over by the solid body and smartly designed drip-catching "moat" on the Breville No-Mess Waffle Maker, but at $128 we felt the imperfect performance couldn't justify the considerable price. The Chef's Choice Waffle Maker Pro looked very promising, with a generous size, sturdy build, and dials that allow you to adjust doneness and set waffle preference ("crisp and moist" or "uniform texture"), but the execution didn't live up to the promises. Finally, the top-loading design of the Cuisinart Vertical Waffle Maker seemed like a cool innovation, but in practice the results were underwhelming. And no matter what the setting, the waffles from the Cuisinart Classic Round Waffle Maker were the floppiest of the bunch.
I hate myself for how much I loved this machine. I don't think anyone should have to spend $200 on a waffle maker, and I was actively rooting for another, more budget-friendly model to best or at least match it. But after a full day of testing and eating, I cannot in good conscience recommend any waffle iron more enthusiastically. None of the machines we tested even came close. The All-Clad has ruined all other waffle makers for me.
The Chef’sChoice Classic WafflePro 852 was our former runner-up when the Chef’sChoice 840B was unavailable. Although this model was an initial favorite in our testing, with tasters praising its waffles’ consistency and crunch, it makes only two thin, American-style waffles at a time, whereas our pick makes four. We also found that this model had a tendency to burn waffles when the dial was on the highest setting.
Aiza, that’s a great question! It usually depends on what ingredients are used in those recipes, especially if there are acidic ingredients present or not. I say this because baking soda and baking powder are not the same– they both react differently to certain ingredients. There are a number of reasons for using one over the other, or a combination of the two. Sometimes one is chosen over the other for flavor or even for visual purposes– recipes made with baking soda result in a darker product, while those with baking powder will result in a product that is lighter in color. Using a combination means you kinda get something in between. But that’s done whilst keeping in mind the combination of ingredients used. As there are so many waffle recipes on the internet, I can only speak for mine. It’s about finding a perfect balance of ingredients and and using the right techniques; this recipe is great and just works.
My engineering instinct tells me to stick to what is simple, which led me to this cute little snapper. THIS WAFFLE IRON IS AMAZING. I have only made three waffles on it so far, but IT MADE PERFECT GOLDEN, CRISPY WAFFLES WITH HOT, STEAMY FLUFF ON THE INSIDE. And it required no cleaning! And it stores upright nicely! And … And … And … I have decided, unless you run a professional kitchen or feed a family of 13 waffles every day, you do not need to pay any more money for a professional waffle iron that ‘flips’ or ‘shoots flames out its behind.’ This waffle iron is inexpensive, but I have no regrets. This iron does exactly what I want it to do. And that is to make perfect waffles.”
The Breville quickly produces crispy brown waffles, with the most consistent color of all the batches we tested, making it the best option if you prefer the thinner type of American waffle. The waffles managed to be perfectly crispy, without becoming dry, and maintained some fluffiness within. Although it makes only one waffle at a time, it reheats and cooks rapidly, so you can crank out waffle after waffle with ease. The built-in drip tray, nonstick surface, and minimal design keep cleanup effortless.
There are two other key subjects to consider, both related to the cooking process. First, you shouldn’t have to wrestle with your waffles (or have to pry them out with a sharp knife) when they’re ready to come out of the machine. That doesn’t mean a waffle maker must have non-stick surfaces, but we’ve found that non-stick coatings usually make all the difference. A good alternative can be a cast-iron waffle maker, but continually seasoning a cast-iron appliance calls for another level of care and work.
The oublie was, in its basic form, composed only of grain flour and water – just as was the communion wafer.[12] It took until the 11th century, as a product of The Crusades bringing new culinary ingredients to Western Europe, for flavorings such as orange blossom water to be added to the oublies; however, locally sourced honey and other flavorings may have already been in use before that time.[12][13]
Now, because you can't toss your new electrical appliance in the sink with soapy water, here's how to clean a waffle maker: The good news is that waffle makers have drastically improved in recent years — nearly every model now comes with nonstick cooking plates, which means that (with proper upkeep) you won't be using a toothpick to dislodge burnt-on waffle bits. We recommend allowing your iron to cool first, then wiping the plates clean with a dry paper towel. If any grime remains, spot clean them with a damp cloth or let a bit of cooking oil sit on the grime for a few minutes before wiping away. And avoid using nonstick cooking spray, as this stuff will cook onto the plates and become nearly impossible to remove. The result: No more nonstick coating.
First and foremost, you want a waffle maker that effectively and evenly cooks the batter. Electric waffle makers have heating elements on both sides, behind each grid, to aid in even cooking. Matt Maichel explained to us that these machines work by removing moisture from the batter via heat and surface area: “The dimples create more surface area; the more surface area, the more quickly the waffle can cook.” He added, “If steam doesn’t escape properly from the device, then you won’t get a good waffle.”
+Qualifying purchase amount must be on one receipt. No interest will be charged on the promo purchase if you pay it off, in full, within the promo period. If you do not, interest will be charged on the promo purchase from the purchase date. The required minimum monthly payments may or may not pay off the promo purchase by the end of the promo period. Regular account terms apply to non-promo purchases and, after promo period ends, to the remaining promo balance. For new accounts: Purchase APR is 29.99%. Minimum interest charge is $2. Existing cardholders: See your credit card agreement terms. Subject to credit approval. #106, #154, #158
What we liked: The Breville made crispy and light American-style waffles in three to four minutes. The waffles made in this model come out round, thin, and crispy, yet manage to maintain a soft interior. Even though it makes only one waffle at a time, the Breville reheats and is ready for another waffle in under two minutes, so it can make a greater quantity of waffles in the same amount of time as many larger models. This model also heated the most evenly of all the brands we tested, both across the surface of the waffle and when comparing the top and bottom. With a built-in drip tray, this unit remains true to its "no mess" name. Equipped with convenient cord storage, a locking handle, and a slim design, it’s easy to store in tight spaces or small kitchens.
Recipes for both Waffles and Fried Chicken appear in What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking, (Abby Fisher, 1881). Mrs. Fisher was a former slave and her book is generally considered the first cookbook written by an African-American. Apparently, white people were eating waffles and fried chicken as well as recipes for the two appear in Mrs. Porter's Southern Cookery Book published in 1871.
It almost goes without saying, but you’ll benefit from a waffle iron with a nonstick surface. Nonstick surfaces significantly reduce the amount of hassle involved with taking waffles out of the waffle iron, helping ensure that waffles come out unbroken. A nonstick surface also reduces the amount of oil or butter that is required to cook the waffle, making them a little healthier than they would otherwise be.
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The Proctor Silex Mess Free Belgian Style Waffle Maker (26044A) has features in common with our top pick, such as browning controls and indicator lights, but we had a much tougher time getting it to produce a decent waffle. We deemed the first batch soggy, and one tester said, “It’s not enough of a step up from Eggo—I’d rather have Eggo.” In a subsequent batch, half the waffle cooked much faster than the other, which meant that the former was overly brown while the latter remained pale and limp.
Hong Kong style waffle, in Hong Kong called a "grid cake" or "grid biscuits" (格仔餅), is a waffle usually made and sold by street hawkers and eaten warm on the street.[78] It is similar to a traditional waffle but larger, round in shape and divided into four quarters. It is usually served as a snack. Butter, peanut butter and sugar are spread on one side of the cooked waffle, and then it is folded into a semicircle to eat. Eggs, sugar and evaporated milk are used in the waffle recipes, giving them a sweet flavor. They are generally soft and not dense. Traditional Hong Kong style waffles are full of the flavor of yolk. Sometimes different flavors, such as chocolate and honey melon, are used in the recipe and create various colors. Another style of Hong Kong waffle is the eggette or gai daan jai (鷄蛋仔), which have a ball-shaped pattern.
For the price, we didn’t expect an audio “ready-to-eat” alert, and there isn’t one, but there is an indicator light that does the job pretty well instead. An overflow well inside the machine helps with cleanup, but the non-stick surfaces really do require a little help from cooking spray in order to make them totally non-stick and easily cleanable.
Unfortunately, we were disappointed by the performance of the Waring Pro. Despite being the most expensive waffle maker among our finalists, it produced waffles slower than every other waffle maker. In our benchmark two waffle cooking test, the Waring Pro took 16 minutes and 30 seconds — nearly nine minutes longer than the BELLA waffle maker, and almost two minutes slower than the second slowest waffle maker, the Hamilton Beach.
The green “ready” light didn’t always turn off immediately after we filled the Krups with batter and closed the lid, which was confusing—a glance at the machine might make you think the waffle is done. But the light always did turn off in time, and it consistently turned on again with a resonating beep when the waffle was ready. By being patient and waiting for the beep, we were never led astray, and waffles always came out cooked to the right doneness.
In the late 14th century, the first known waffle recipe was penned in an anonymous manuscript, Le Ménagier de Paris, written by a husband as a set of instructions to his young wife.[16] While it technically contains four recipes, all are a variation of the first: Beat some eggs in a bowl, season with salt and add wine. Toss in some flour, and mix. Then fill, little by little, two irons at a time with as much of the paste as a slice of cheese is large. Then close the iron and cook both sides. If the dough does not detach easily from the iron, coat it first with a piece of cloth that has been soaked in oil or grease.[17] The other three variations explain how cheese is to be placed in between two layers of batter, grated and mixed in to the batter, or left out, along with the eggs.[18] However, this was a waffle / gaufre in name only, as the recipe contained no leavening.
If picture-perfect waffles are a must-have, then this flip model is the pick for you. The flip function makes it easy to distribute the batter from edge to edge, without worrying about overflow. The Cuisinart waffle maker heats up and cooks waffles fast, producing a crisp outer shell and fluffy interior. Its heavy plates heat evenly and retain the heat well, so batch after batch of waffles turns out consistently browned. This iron quickly makes two large waffles at a time and reheats rapidly, so it can handle a lot of growling stomachs. This model also features an on/off switch, allowing you to always have it set up on your counter for waffles on the fly.
“Leslie Knope is my spirit animal, as I am completely obsessed with waffles, and I am a little bit crazy just like her. She would love this waffle iron, but then she would probably trash it after one use because she would be scared of putting JJ’s Diner out of business. Thankfully, I don’t have a JJ’s Diner near me, and I like to make my own waffles. I can see Jerry/Larry/Garry Gengurch buying this waffle iron for Leslie Knope, and the mockery that would follow the next day as Leslie and the entire office would blame Jerry/Larry/Garry for putting JJ’s Diner in danger.
"... No appetites are safe from the magnificent Southern Creole cuisine when visiting Wells restaurant, located uptown in the Big Apple. Famous for more than their chicken and waffles, Wells entertains customers with Caribbean flair and a frenzy of live music. Harlem hasn't been the same since Wells opened in May 1938. The owner, Elizabeth Wells, is determined to bring people a humble, homey atmosphere with exciting home-style cooking, but with a twist of island flavor and a lot of fun. Joseph T. Wells, the late husband of Wells, had a record of cooking techniques in the mix. Working as a waiter and manager of a restaurant in Florida, Joseph took his craft to New York during the late 1920s. It was inevitable for the young entrepreneur to start his business and, by the spring of 1938, the restaurant bearing his name opened its doors. Elizabeth Wells entered the picture later. They married in 1966, even though she had joined the establishment in 1963. The married couple produced a son named Tommy Wells. With an avalanche of victory for the restaurant, Wells bloomed as one of the greatest hot spots in Harlem, with a bevy of entertainers who dropped in...Wells has been spinning the wheels of the restaurant with tip-top soul food and no regrets..."
Waffle makers range widely in quality and features, not to mention in the waffles they produce. Opinions on what exactly constitutes a great waffle vary enormously from person to person. Some people want them brown and crispy, others like them softer and fluffier. We set out to find the model that could make the most broadly appealing waffles with the least hassle.
As far as food goes it was good. I had the original chicken waffle sandwich. The waffle had bacon bits in it and it was a little too thick for the rest of the sandwich. But the chicken in the sandwich was very tender and fresh. And the fries were seasoned very well. My friend got the tres leches waffles and he said it was good. He also got the classic breakfast and judging by the looks of it, it looked a little disappointing. He said the eggs were dry and he did not touch them.
Today there are many (many!) Belgian waffle makers on the market. We set out to find the best one by making hundreds of waffles and by going the extra waffle-making mile by consulting a postdoc in MIT’s mechanical engineering program to learn the basic thermodynamic principles at work in waffle irons. After a month of waffles for breakfast and for lunch, we had a solid winner—an iron that made picture-perfect Belgian waffles, two at a time, in under 5 minutes.
American-style waffle irons are used to make traditional waffles, which are thin and crispy with relatively shallow pockets. This means they cook fairly quickly, too. The savory batter used for this type of waffle makes it particularly well-suited to making special shapes like hearts, or for use in place of bread for things like breakfast sandwiches.
The Keyboard Waffle Iron is designed from the waffle-out. It features a unique wide format plate that creates a delicious Belgian-style waffle in the shape of your beloved computer keyboard. We've also added a comfortable curved handle for easy flipping. All of this in a simple and sleek design that compliments your kitchen. Just add heat, batter, and toppings!
The technology of waffles is fourfoldfold: (1)the "iron" or mold in which the waffle is cooked; (2)the method of heating the iron; (3) the method of regulating temperature in the iron; and (4) the recipe for the waffle batter. We will explore the basic nature of each factor of technology. However, this discussion will barely scratch the surface. Those with very detailed appetites for information about Waffle Technology should consult:
Electric waffle irons are made of two plates similarly set into a hinged body, which is heated through electric coils housed in the unit behind the plates. Some of these electric waffle makers have basic plug-and-play designs, while others offer variable heat settings, timers, and indicator lights telling you when your waffle is ready. For this review, we looked only at electric waffle makers and excluded stovetop waffle irons, since success with the latter has more to do with the cook’s skill and the heat source than differences in design.
There are more than 170 user reviews on Amazon, and most are highly positive. "This is what I have been looking for," wrote one verified purchaser in October 2016. "I make waffles weekly and even take my waffle maker on family vacations to the beach. I need a new one every few years and hesitated spending so much for this one. I am glad I did. The waffles are thick and fluffy inside."
Two lights on the Krups machine, one red and one green, indicate when it is preheating or cooking (red) and when the machine or the waffle is ready (green). These indicators are bright and easy enough to read (unlike some machines, where it’s hard to tell if the weak light is on or off). But unlike our previous pick, the Proctor Silex 26016A, the Krups GQ502D also beeps loudly when it’s ready, which means you can focus on frying bacon without worrying about overcooking your waffles. While some other models we tested were hard to hear when they beeped, this one was loud enough that we could easily hear it from the next room, even with a radio on, but the sound is neither persistent nor so unpleasant that you won’t want to hear it first thing in the morning.
We pride ourselves on making everything in-house and from scratch using the freshest natural and local ingredients, complemented with specialty ingredients from Belgium. We serve Brussels and Liege waffles with a full menu of toppings including sweet and savoury options, as well as a selection of hot and cold drinks. Our nini liege waffles, a popular item for take-out, are available in a variety of staple flavours as well as special seasonal flavours.
No, this waffle maker cannot compete with the All-Clad, but at about a quarter of the price, the Krups sure gives it a respectable run for its money. The build isn't as solid—there's some plastic, no 18/10 stainless here—but like the All-Clad, it is generously proportioned to yield four tall, deeply grooved Belgian-style waffles per batch and, with an adjustable dial for cook control and an audible chime that signals doneness, it doesn't skimp on extra features. It does best the All-Clad in one regard: its non-stick plates not only release cooked waffles easily, they pop out for easy cleaning and are dishwasher safe. That's a game changer right there.
Concurrently, some units feature an adjustable temperature range. When combined with the timer feature, it enables you to personalize the texture of the waffles, depending on their specific tastes. Plus, investing in a waffle maker that has a wide temperature range gives you the chance to enhance your recipe and produce consistent results time after time.
The professional-style rotating design bakes extra-thick Belgian waffles in minutes. The unique 180° flip design evenly spreads the batter for waffles with a crispy outside and fluffy, tender inside. Countdown timer and digital display signals when baking time is up. Easy to store! Dual function base locks in a vertical position for compact storage.
Each year the course is different. This past year’s was not the longest but it was the most dirty yet at 133-miles; 46 of which were in dirt, with 12,000 feet of elevation gain. We hope to keep the course similar to that of this year, but different. Now entering its eighth year, the Belgian Wafer Ride will cover roughly 74 miles of the Canyon BWR’s tricky trails, hellacious hills and rolling roads.
Love the look and feel of this waffle maker, but it takes 6 min to make a light golden brown waffle. If you are only making a waffle for one person, this product is great, but if you have to make them for family or friends, I recommend you buy one with a temperature setting. I sent mine back and bought one with a temp setting. Family can now enjoy waffles together.
“I have fallen in love with Waffle Love! You are catering my daughter’s wedding in April. There are always many meetings while planning a wedding. I schedule all of mine at the Fort Union Waffle Love. I have at least a waffle a week as I plan and prepare this wedding. These waffles are the yummiest treat I have ever eaten in my life! They are worth every single penny! If you have not had a waffle from Waffle Love, drop what you are doing, and search one out. It will blow your mind! They are that good! This life is short, grab someone you love, & go get a waffle!”
The drip tray included with the BELLA waffle maker makes cleanup even easier. After cooking several dozen waffles, we still found very little that needed to be cleaned from the waffle maker itself once the drip tray was removed. In addition, the nonstick surface was effective — however, it didn’t particularly stand out compared to the rest of the field.
Although the Krups Belgian Waffle Maker is our top pick, for the reasons laid out in the slides below, you should also consider the Oster CKSTWF2000 Belgian Waffle Maker in Stainless Steel, the All Clad 99011GT Stainless Steel Belgian Waffle Maker 2-Square, the Cuisinart WMR-CA Round Classic Waffle Maker, the Chef's Choice Pro Express Waffle Maker, and the Black & Decker G48TD 3-in-1 Waffle Maker.
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Shirley Brugger
Shirley Brugger, 82, formerly of Riley Township, Vickery, and more recently of Valley View, Fremont, died Tuesday, June 26, 2018, at Valley View.
Ms. Brugger was born Jan. 25, 1936, in Vickery, to Henry Herman and Freda (Hirt) Brugger.
Survivors include three sisters, Thelma Blair of Sandusky, Katie (Glenn) Genzman of Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Margaret (Chuck) Anderson of West Salem.
Ms. Brugger was preceded in death by her parents; a brother, John Brugger; and a sister, Lillian Arthur.
Visitation will be 10-11 a.m. Monday, July 9, at Good Shepherd Lutheran Church, Vickery.
Her services will begin at 11 a.m. Monday at the church. The Rev. Jeanette Thorp will officiate. Burial will be in Parkhurst Cemetery.
Memorials may be made to Good Shepherd Lutheran Church or to Dr. Laura Hirt, Last Chance Sanctuary.
Auxter Funeral Homes is assisting the family with arrangements.
Copyright © The Advertiser-Tribune | https://www.advertiser-tribune.com | 320 Nelson Street, Tiffin, OH 44883 | 419-448-3200 | Ogden Newspapers | The Nutting Company
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Meet Ogilvy India's newly crowned creative leaders
By Ashwini Gangal , afaqs!, Mumbai | In Advertising
Published : August 01, 2017
Interviews with Kainaz Karmakar, Harshad Rajadhyaksha, Sukesh Nayak, Ajay Gahlaut, Azazul Haque, Mahesh Gharat and Sumanto Chattopadhyay.
For Ogilvy India, it's the end of an era - and the beginning of a new one. Few weeks back, the news of Sonal Dabral's return to the agency as group chief creative officer and vice chairman, generated a great deal of buzz in ad-land. Sonal, who is currently wrapping things up at DDB Mudra, worked at Ogilvy India between 1991 and 1999, during which time he famously partnered Piyush Pandey to create some memorable ads, including Cadbury's 'Kuch khaas hai'.
The Rajiv Rao-Abhijit Avasthi era ended when the latter NCD quit around three years back; his co-NCD Rao, credited with creating the 'Zoozoo' campaign for Vodafone, moved on pursue ad filmmaking, last month.
All these changes have now given the agency's second line of defense - the recently promoted Ajay Gahlaut, Sukesh Nayak, Kainaz Karmakar, Harshad Rajadhyaksha, Azazul Haque and Mahesh Gharat - a chance to really come into their own. What they do hereon will become synonymous with Ogilvy's creative product and culture. Meanwhile, Sumanto Chattopadhyay, who has been with Ogilvy since 1993, has been named chairman and chief creative officer of Soho Square, a WPP agency that's part of the Ogilvy group in India.
How has life changed for this band of creative leaders after their respective promotions? What's their brand of leadership, both individually and collectively, like? For the most part, they speak of Ogilvy like it's some sort of mutation in a gene they inherited on joining the agency. And the sense of having been handed the proverbial baton, a heavy one, is shared by all. For some, the change hasn't sunk it yet. For others, it's business as usual albeit with a stiffer collar and a new-found swing in their step.
Another question lurks: In what way will reporting to Sonal change their lives? A common sentiment is - his 'Ogilvy-ness' is a big plus; it's comforting to report to someone who has helped create the very system they now inhabit, they reason.
We got to know Ogilvy's new creative army a little better, through a series of mini-interviews. Edited Excerpts.
"I'm scared as hell": Sukesh Nayak, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy West
Sukesh Nayak
Sukesh got into advertising as a "stop-gap thing" about 17-18 years back, as "something to do" to bide his time before deciding what to do next. That's when he first heard about some of the work coming out of "this agency called Ogilvy, done by a man called Piyush Pandey and his many men, including Sonal Dabral at the time."
Recalls Sukesh, "I thought, 'If this is what I want to do, I should be there...' I had to go through several 'rounds', before I finally got in, in the year 2000. That was my first official job, technically. Before that I was just interning somewhere. So I've been doing this for 17 years now. I just never left."
For Sukesh, the recent elevation is a career dream realised. Over these years, he has often wondered what running this place within the capacity of leader would feel like. "If I ever wanted to run something, it was this place, no other. So it's a privilege. Sure, we've been running our respective brands under Kinu (Abhijit Avasthi). I was reporting to him. Yes, we were very hands-on with the brands, but this is the first time the organisation has given us the opportunity - to Harshad, Kainaz and me in Bombay - to run it!" he enthuses.
"The idea," he explains, while discussing the agency's creative culture, "is bigger than anything. The idea could be on film, radio, digital, branded content, activation... anything. We've always solved a problem with an idea. First have an idea, then think of the medium. Don't think of the medium before you think of the idea. That has been instilled in me all these years. Am I going to think 'digital-first'? No, I'm not going to do that! I am not a media seller. I am an idea seller. And ideas are independent of the medium. I will never make technology bigger than the idea. Medium can't be king. If medium was king then amazing 30-second-long pack shots would also be fun to watch."
New mediums and technology are important to Sukesh, insofar as they help keep the entire organisation abreast with changing times. "We're in a collaborative era today," he says, taking a then-and-now view for a moment, "Today, with technology, we can solve problems in many more ways than we could earlier; there are newer ways to execute solutions... but it's important to never make them bigger than the idea."
About the road ahead, Sukesh has no qualms saying, "I'm scared as hell. If I'm not scared, I should leave the job tomorrow and go. Fear makes me do better. I have the same butterflies in my tummy that I used to get before exams. One can't be cocky and complacent..."
"We're not home-grown": Kainaz Karmakar, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy West
Kainaz Karmakar
When Harshad and Kainaz were outside Ogilvy - (the two worked as an art-copy team for three years at JWT before joining Ogilvy in mid-2010) - they admired the agency's work. "When we joined the agency, we didn't have an agenda; we joined only to experience the place. And it's been such a ride. See, we're not homegrown. To come from outside, and be told that we'd be one of the people who would be leading the place, was an absolutely tremendous feeling," Kainaz says with candour.
About being just about a month shy of reporting to a new boss, she says, "I've never had a problem with any boss. I've worked for 18 years now. Anybody I report to, I get along with famously," adding about her first meeting with Sonal, someone she classifies as "home-grown", in the context of Ogilvy, "I had a brief two-day session judging an awards show recently - that's the only window I've ever had with Sonal, who was head of the jury. I found him fair and funny... and he backed the correct kind of work. At the time, I didn't know he'd be coming back to Ogilvy."
Is there a sense of liberation now that she, along with Harshad and Sukesh, will be running the show at Ogilvy Mumbai? "Even as ECDs, we functioned pretty independently, with Piyush and Rajiv stepping in only when we or a client required them to. They have never kept us on a short leash," she answers.
"The challenge is to balance work and admin": Harshad Rajadhyaksha, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy West
Harshad Rajadhyaksha
Harshad (Kainaz's partner) has spent seven years at Ogilvy. He says, about his new role, "The fact the organisation has given us this bigger role does make us introspect and ask ourselves what this bigger role means." And what does it mean? "In many ways," responds Harshad, "It's an acknowledgement of having done a few things right. So now we have to do the same things on a larger canvas." He reminds us, however, that even as an ECD at Ogilvy, he alone - as is true for the other ECDs he worked alongside - was handling the amount of work an average mid-to-small sized agency would handle as a whole. "So now we have to do it on an even larger scale," he deduces.
When quizzed about whether this elevation will bring with it more people management and less time to indulge in the craft, he says, "The administrative side came when we became ECDs. The challenge is to balance work and admin. Piyush often says, 'Be a playing caption. Don't get too swayed by the admin part of the job.' It is a challenge but we're sure we can surmount it."
Another challenge, according to him, is something the industry is facing: The effort of creating a campaign has become more collaborative than ever. "Earlier," he explains, "a client sought a solution from one agency and that was the be all and end all. Today there are multiple partners that collaborate on a project. So co-ordination and ensuring the freshness of the idea remains intact despite these multiple collaborations is something we'll need to keep an eye out for."
"I'm part of the van-guard now": Ajay Gahlaut, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy North and Deputy CCO, Ogilvy India
Ajay Gahlaut
Ajay worked at Ogilvy as creative consultant between 2001 and 2005 after which he left and re-joined the agency in 2007. He has been there since. About his recent elevation, he says, "It is a fairly clear change in the system, a clear statement of intent. It feels good to be part of the company's future plans. As a professional, you feel valued. Immediately, things won't metamorphose into something different. The core remains the same, but yes, there is a certain level of responsibility that one feels... of being part of the van-guard now."
What changes will he use his new-found power to make? "More than on the outside, I'd like to make some changes within myself. Maybe become a little more disciplined with things, a little less ad hoc, manage time better perhaps," he says with a laugh, sounding every bit the frank, humorous adman he is. He adds, "As boss, I can now pick and choose whatever I want to work on. For example, I do all the Imperial Blue films myself."
Ajay has a strong view on the manner in which 'the client' has changed over the past few years: "They experiment a lot more and are more open to projects. Longer-term relationships with agencies might not be the norm now. There's more flirtatiousness on part of clients today; they're willing to work with multiple agencies. Perhaps, clients today have a shorter fuse - pitches might now be called a little more often than they would, earlier. This is especially the case with newer, younger people. New-age tech companies work at a frenetic pace themselves and expect that kind of pace from their agencies, which is a challenge because agencies are used to working in a certain way. But we are learning as we go along."
"The initial challenge was to get the client to start believing in Bangalore as an office": Azazul Haque, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy South
Azazul Haque
For Azazul, who moved from Ogilvy Mumbai to Ogilvy Bengaluru with his creative (art) partner Mahesh Gharat last year, the task was pretty clear - that of bringing sexy back. "Ogilvy Bangalore didn't have creative leadership for almost three-four years, because of which people here looked forward to the work Ogilvy Bombay did. We didn't create the kind of magic Ogilvy Bombay did. In the past, however, Ogilvy Bangalore has been one of hottest places - Rajiv (Rao)-Mahesh V were there, then Amit (Akali)-Malu (Malvika Mehra) were there. They've done some really cult campaigns. So that vibe had to be re-created in the office. The initial challenge was to get the client to start believing in Bangalore as an office. Thankfully, we've been able to do it," he explains.
About the leadership changes 'above' him, Azazul, who has spent around four years at Ogilvy, says, "Though Rajiv, Kinu have gone, the DNA is set. Now we have to make sure it carries on. When Kinu left we all were very scared. But he said, 'Azaz, nothing will happen... nothing will change...' And it didn't... because the creative culture was intact."
The challenge now, is to "instill that creative culture in all of Ogilvy South. Even a trainee in Ogilvy South should imbibe the 'Ogilvy philosophy'. I need to make sure that happens. Right from planning to servicing... even the security guard at Ogilvy is a creative person. We take pride in everything we create - a film, a poster, a banner or a full scale campaign."
"It's all about how you perceive the South market": Mahesh Gharat, Chief Creative Officer, Ogilvy South
Mahesh Gharat
Mahesh has been with Ogilvy for around a decade. How different are the pressures of the Bengaluru advertising market, as compared to Mumbai? Mahesh, who moved down South, from Mumbai, last year, says, "The difference between these two markets is that the South market has bigger international, national, as well as local accounts. So you keep getting an interesting mix of briefs, challenges and clients: In the morning you're meeting a very traditional client looking for cutting-edge work. At noon, you meet a young, risk-taking brand manager who wants you to create a great campaign for his crore-plus consumers. And by evening, you meet a start-up genius who's ready to launch a unique service or product..."
Is the Chennai market as hard to crack as it is said to be? Answers Mahesh, "It's all about what you perceive the South market to be. Once you're in the thick of it, like Azaz and I have been, you realise that business pressures there are quite like those in every other market. For local work, our Ogilvy Chennai office helps us learn the local nuances... with the right collaboration great work can come from any nook of the office. We're learning new things about local market. There are a lot of challenges, but the biggest one for us is to come up with the next big idea."
About his clients, Mahesh says, "Both Azaz and I still believe in classic, simple and effective advertising, but there's a clear change that we're all witnessing: Today, what really cuts it for a brand is integrated advertising. It's the 'call of tomorrow'. There's no other way around it. We have to adopt it... It's what clients want. It's what consumers like. It's what is going to create stickiness and fondness for any brand going forward. So what we want is to create a culture at Ogilvy South, for people to come together and create more integrated work."
"I would wish for advertising professionals to be treated with greater regard": Sumanto Chattopadhyay, chairman and chief creative officer, Soho Square
Sumanto, who has been with Ogilvy since the early 1990s, has, arguably, developed deep relationships with many a client (like Dove, Pond's). Is it safe to assume these accounts may follow him to Soho, over time? It's natural if it happens and almost strange if it doesn't. "... I would be delighted to keep working with some of my existing clients. But we are assessing what works best for them and will decide the way forward accordingly," he answers, divulging little.
For Shumo, as he is known in the ad industry, the task of leading Soho nationally must come with its share of pressures, we assume. "You're right," he says, "The prospect of leading an agency nationally is both exhilarating and challenging. Times are tough in the advertising industry. With the global recession, advertisers have tightened their budgets, but need the same level of service. Moreover, the advertising Rupee is spread thinner, with more categories of communication, such as the ever-multiplying subsets of the digital medium, coming into the mix. Add to that questions about the true efficacy of some of these channels, the lack of accurate, straightforward metrics and, sometimes, the lack of a genuine understanding of how it all works, and the scene gets messier. But it's all par for the course in an industry in the middle of a major transformation."
About leaving Ogilvy, he says, "It is hard for me to move out of Ogilvy. It has been home. And school. I did have a number of discussions with Piyush (Pandey), Kunal (Jeswani) and members of the Ogilvy board such as Hephzibah (Pathak) and Madhukar (Sabnavis)... They saw it as a great opportunity for me, as well as for the group. Talking to them helped me clear my thoughts and see the move in the right perspective."
That Soho Square is, at the end of the day, an Ogilvy group company, helps. "It does not seem like I am going into alien territory. Of course, emotionally it is a big step for me..." he shares. Owned by WPP, Soho Square is Ogilvy India's second agency. The firm employs over 50 people across Mumbai, Delhi and Bengaluru. Its clients include Tata Motors, Lava, Cipla, Yes Bank, Piaggio, Voltas, Bisleri, Franklin Templeton and Himalaya Herbals, among others.
What's the one thing Shumo would like to change about the advertising industry as it stands today? "Respect! I would wish for advertising professionals to be treated with greater regard..." he rues. While agency folk are expected to do their best, "in exchange, our time, our expertise, ourselves as human beings, need to be better appreciated."
He goes on, "From stories heard from industry colleagues, and instances where I myself have been on the receiving end, I am perplexed by the behaviour of a few individual clients towards their agency partners. I do not know what it stems from. Is it just an unpleasant assertion of power in a situation where you know the other party needs your business? Whatever it is, I do not think it leads to great outcomes for either party in the long run. This is not a rant or a whine but genuine curiosity about a phenomenon that I don't quite understand."
(This article has been published in the current issue of our print fortnightly afaqs!Reporter)
'How best can we capture the changes in Ogilvy India's creative leadership?
That was the big question facing us at afaqs!Reporter about a fortnight back, when the agency announced the promotion of six creative professionals - Ajay Gahlaut, Sukesh Nayak, Kainaz Karmakar, Harshad Rajadhyaksha, Azazul Haque and Mahesh Gharat.
Sumanto Chattopadhyay, who has spent nearly two and a half decades at Ogilvy, was tasked with leading Soho Square, Ogilvy India's second agency, nationally.
The Kinu-Rajiv Rao era is over. Sonal Dabral, Piyush's partner in creative crime from the '90s, and man of Ogilvy vintage, is set to come back and lead the new team. Should we interview Sonal? Should we ask Piyush about these changes? We tossed questions like these around till we noticed the elephant in the room... err, seven elephants. What better way to capture the dawn of Ogilvy's creative new era than by interviewing the new creative leaders? All the times I've mocked Hindi news reporters who thrust a mike into someone's face and ask, 'Iske baarey mein aapko kaisa lag raha hai?' came flooding back, for I was about to do just that!
So I spoke to these talented folks one by one - they fielded my questions, and my photographer's lens, patiently and enthusiastically - to get a sense of what their new-found positions mean to them. For hereon, everything they do will become synonymous with Ogilvy India's creative product. Now, whenever a marketer says, "I want an 'Ogilvy kind of ad'..." she will be, without necessarily knowing it, be referring to the copy and art Ajay, Sukesh, Kainaz, Harshad, Azazul and Mahesh create and approve.
Are they nervous? What about? Does that even happen at their position? Why, it was heartening to learn, it does. Motivating "everyone on the floor" to be as excited as they are, is on all their minds.
That, and making good on the creative legacy they have suddenly inherited.
ASHWINI GANGAL
To download the PDF version of the article, click here.
Follow Ashwini Gangal
Ogilvy India
Rajiv Rao
Abhijit Avasthi
Piyush Pandey
Sonal Dabral
Creative Re-structuring at Ogilvy, Soho Square
We asked Rajiv Rao to pick his best work on Vodafone over the years...
Rajiv Rao moves on from Ogilvy
Ogilvy & Dabral: Intertwined Past
Sonal Dabral is now group chief creative officer and vice chairman at Ogilvy India
Ogilvy's Piyush Pandey Gets Padma Shri
"The day I feel I have to be merciless, is the day I'll give up the job": Kunal Jeswani, CEO, Ogilvy India
"It was a tough decision to break away from Ogilvy": Abhijit Avasthi
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Farmer finds new purpose during lonely time
Jul 15, 2019 Updated 22 hrs ago
Jack sat in the living room and looked around the house. It seemed empty and meaningless. His wife of 45 years had died nine months ago.
At 68 years old, Jack began to understand the pain of being alone. Waking up and going to bed in an empty home was depressing.
Jack’s house was clean because there was no one to mess it up. He mowed the lawn regularly and did the dishes each day. The gardens had been seeded to grass. There were still a few flowers here and there, but he planted them in the spring and they pretty much took care of themselves.
Jack and his wife had raised five kids. Jack considered himself a good father. He played ball and went to unending Little League games. When the kids were older, he attended high school sporting events.
He knew how to play with dolls and had built playhouses in the living room.
He thought his kids were well-rounded. Both the boys and the girls played sports. All were involved in concerts and plays.
Now that his children were grown, two lived nearby and the other three were within a few hours of driving.
After the funeral there were a lot of visitors to Jack’s home. Extended family and neighbors checked on him and letters arrived almost each day. But during the winter months it was far quieter at his house. Days and weeks went by with very few visitors.
Spring planting gave Jack purpose and helped him get up in the morning. Even though spring had been long and wet, he had little else to do and Jack’s crops looked better than most people’s around him.
But now summer was upon him. While there were days of spraying and other summertime projects, for the most part he got up in the morning and looked around the house for something to do. It was hard coping with loneliness. His friends encouraged him to start dating someone, but for Jack it was much too soon. He still was grieving.
Jack had been working since he was 20 years old. As his wife was dying, he tried to evaluate if he had spent too much time accumulating wealth. He did not consider himself rich, but he had more than enough to last through the rest of his life and still leave a sizable inheritance for his children. He struggled trying to figure out something else to do. While his wife was alive, they had traveled some, but he had little desire to see much of anything now.
On an early July morning, Jack sat on the couch and searched for the purpose of his life. After a while he wandered into the kitchen thinking he should have some breakfast. As he opened the refrigerator door, a piece of paper attached to the door caught his attention. It was a picture his granddaughter had drawn for him on Father’s Day. It was a stick figure of a person pushing someone else on a swing. At the bottom it said, “I love you, Grandpa.” It was signed by Stacy, written in large scrawled letters.
As Jack pulled out the milk jug, a thought entered his mind. While he considered himself a good parent, he was not a wonderful grandparent. He was not involved in his grandchildren’s lives as much as his wife had been. As the sun came up, Jack started planning.
There were eight grandchildren, with four living relatively close. The oldest was 17 and the youngest was 9 months. Jack decided he would take on some of the older kids first. The last time he was around them they talked about the Avengers movies.
Jack was not a great movie fan. In the past he would listen and appear to be interested as his grandchildren talked about the latest moves. Since none of his friends would be able to help him, he called one of his sons to find out what the Avengers movies were about.
After getting some idea, he called three of the kids and invited them to go to an Avengers movie with him. They were excited. They went through lots of popcorn and pop and after the movie went to Dairy Queen. He returned home late but now felt like a movie expert and was happy for the experience.
One of Jack’s daughters had three small children ages 5, 3 and 9 months old. When Jack was young he was a diaper changer, but it had been years since he watched little kids. His daughter seemed suspicious and a little skeptical when he volunteered to watch the kids so they could go out on a date night.
He arrived early the next evening at 4 o’clock. It took his daughter more than 30 minutes to go over all the things that needed to be done while they would be gone for five hours. She had written out a schedule, including when the kids should have baths and when to go to bed. She also listed phone numbers where they could be reached if there was a problem. He assured her they would be fine. As they drove out of the driveway, he wondered what he had gotten himself into.
Fortunately, the evening went by without any mishaps. The night ended with him sitting in a rocking chair with the 9 month old in his arms because she wouldn’t sleep anywhere else. As they sat and rocked, something changed in Jack. He wasn’t just watching some kids, he was rocking his granddaughter to sleep.
He looked at her little face and bright eyes. He touched her fingers and held her hand. Jack found a new purpose in his life.
Over the next 10 years he went to ball games and concerts. He fulfilled babysitting assignments. He went fishing and took his family on vacations. And he changed many more diapers. These experiences were wonderful. Jack still farmed, and some mornings when he woke up the house still seemed big and empty. But while the house was empty, Jack was not. He was happy.
During our lives we will be challenged. Perhaps we will face great financial challenges. Perhaps we will experience health problems or the loss of loved ones. If we open our eyes we will find that there are still opportunities to do good and find happiness.
Bob Dunaway and Associates offer estate and retirement planning. Gary Johnson can be reached at 563-927-4554 or by emailing him at plans@bobdunaway.com
‘Cash flow is king’ during tough year for farms
Livestock editor DeYoung to lead IFT Publications
Pork leader sees need for ‘boots on the ground’ engagement
Ag law leader steps down from Drake center
Patience on futures may pay off for producers
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Australian PSI®: Services sector builds on growth in June
The Australian Industry Group Australian Performance of Services Index (Australian PSI®) fell slightly by 0.3 points to 52.2 in June. This second month of positive results for the services sector following four months of contraction suggests trading conditions are gradually returning to a more usual – and comfortable – range after several months of disappointment (results below 50 points indicate contraction, with the distance from 50 points indicating the strength of the decrease).
Ai Group Chief Executive, Innes Willox, said: "The services sector recorded its second month of growth following the four-month slump to the end of April. Six of the eight service sub-sectors reported a lift in performance in June while for both the retail and transport & storage sub-sectors, the pace of contraction eased somewhat. Sales were up in the month although this was in part due to further discounting – continuing an extended period of price contraction across the sector. This maintained pressure on margins with input prices and wages both rising – although more slowly than in the previous month. While service businesses experienced an encouraging lift in new orders in June, this was in part due to the anticipation of a tax-cut linked lift in demand. At the same time the loss of momentum in the labour market, with employment across the sector moving into contraction, points to the importance of the further income tax measures announced in the federal budget," Mr Willox said.
Australian PSI® – Key Findings for June:
The Australian PSI® indicated expansion in five of its eight sectors in June. Among business-oriented sectors, wholesale trade reported the strongest results (up 2.5 points to 57.8), while transport & storage marked a full year of negative conditions (up 0.2 points to 41.8). Three of the four consumer-oriented sectors expanded, led by the large health, education & community services sector (up 3.6 points to 57.6). Retail trade's decline continued for a seventh month, but the rate of decline has eased each month following January's low (up 2.7 points to 47.1).
Three of the five activity indexes in the Australian PSI® were positive in June, with new orders consolidating May's return to expansion (up 1.2 points to 56.8). Respondents pointed to the end of the Federal election campaign and lower interest rates among reasons for the sales index returning to expansion for the first time this year (up 4.7 points to 53.1).
The input prices index eased by 2.3 points to 57.1 in June, while the decline in selling prices accelerated again (down 2.3 points to 45.4). Weak selling prices were reported across both business-oriented and consumer-oriented sectors.
The average wages index slowed by 5.0 points to 57.3 in June, indicating an easing in wage pressures across the services sectors.
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Results above 50 points indicate expansion. All indexes for sub-sectors in the Australian PSI® are reported in trend terms (Henderson 13-month filter).
Background: The Ai Group Australian PSI® is a leading indicator of services activity in the Australian economy. It is a seasonally adjusted national composite index based on the diffusion indices for sales, orders/new business, deliveries, inventories and employment with varying weights. An Australian PSI® reading above 50 points indicates that services activity is generally expanding; below 50, that it is declining. The distance from 50 is indicative of the strength of the expansion or decline. Results are based on a sample of around 200 companies each month.
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Now Even Kids Can Afford to Use the Space Station
A new company makes it easier to get your payloads to orbit.
Among NanoRacks’ customers: Three New York fifth graders who created an experiment on fish-egg development that arrived on the station in 2011. (Erica Miller / Ballston Spa Life)
By Heather Goss
Now four years old, NanoRacks faces the problem every business hopes for: too many customers. The company had a staff of 12 as 2013 began but plans to have 25 by the end of the year, and, in addition to its Houston headquarters, is expanding its Washington, D.C. office and planning to open a third in Florida. Meanwhile, Jeffrey Manber continues to be an evangelist for the space station. “Space exploration today, by all nations, by all companies, is one of the most extraordinary achievements of humankind,” he says, and yet “there’s no more perfect example of [the space community’s dismal communication to the general public] than the International Space Station.” More people should be using the station, he says, and not just scientists. He’d like artists to do projects there and businessmen who see its potential for entertainment or marketing or other uses besides scientific research. “I think NASA has to relax a little bit,” he says. “The next step is to open up the emotional connection between consumers and this amazing facility in space.”
And the next step for NanoRacks? “I go where the customer demands,” says Manber. That sentiment may not be as grand as an exhortation to explore, but it sounds like good business.
Heather Goss is an associate editor at Air & Space/Smithsonian.
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About Heather Goss
Heather Goss is the Departments Editor at Air & Space.
Read more from this author | Follow @heathermg
Orbiting in a Fuel Tank
Interstellar Flight: A Progress Report
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UN proposes Libyan ceasefire and talks
UN mission in Libya proposes talks as group of states including EU calls for immediate ceasefire and political solution.
23 Sep 2014 00:29 GMT
Libya rival militias have agreed to hold their first talks since the latest surge of violence began in May [AFP]
The UN, EU and a group of 13 nations have called for "an immediate, comprehensive ceasefire" in Libya, after the UN mission there proposed talks between backers of rival Libyan parliaments beginning next week.
In a joint statement, the group on Monday said that rivals must "accept an immediate, comprehensive ceasefire," and "engage constructively in a peaceful political dialogue. There is no military solution to this conflict."
The group of nations includes Egypt and the UAE, which were accused in August of launching and supporting air raids against militias controlling the Libyan capital Tripoli.
The call comes after the UN support mission in Libya, UNSMIL, proposed that backers of rival governments in Libya hold talks in Algeria - the first such negotiations since a surge of violence that began in May.
The UN mission said a joint Libya-UN committee would oversee any ceasefire, and urged rivals to agree a timeline to withdraw fighters from cities and key installations including airports.
The talks were proposed to start on September 29, the UN mission said.
Libya's political scene is split between the Islamist-backed General National Congress in Tripoli, and its rival House of Representatives, which despite being internationally-backed is based on a converted car ferry in the port city of Tobruk.
The House of Representatives moved to Tobruk after fighters from 'Libya Dawn' took control of the capital and revived the GNC, which the House of Representatives was meant to replace after elections earlier this year.
The UN mission also called on militias in control of Tripoli to recognise the Tobruk parliament, saying the talks would be based on the "legitimacy of the elected institutions" and that they would also set the venue and date for a "handover ceremony'' from the previous parliament to the one elected earlier this year.
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Hair Metal Hard Rock Heavy Metal Pop-Metal
Music Grinder Recording Studios, Hollywood, CA
Freewheeling Fun Playful Trashy Boisterous Brash Celebratory Confident Energetic Rambunctious Raucous Sexual Sleazy Snide Theatrical Bittersweet Earnest Organic Refined Reflective Searching Self-Conscious Yearning Rowdy Silly
Look What the Cat Dragged In
AllMusic Review by Steve Huey
Poison's debut album took its cues from the big, anthemic pop hooks of Def Leppard and the rebellious street-tough posturing of Mötley Crüe, as well as a raunchy, adolescent obsession with sex. But Poison really carved out their niche as the ultimate glam metal band, using tight-assed boogie and over-the-top visual extravagance -- costumes, makeup, teased hair, and so on -- to an even greater extent than most of their contemporaries. It was derivative and formulaic, to be sure, but Poison wholeheartedly embraced that formula from the beginning with a conviction often missing in their peers, and it's that ridiculous, good-time excess that keeps Look What the Cat Dragged In's catchiest songs, especially the party anthems "Talk Dirty to Me" and "I Want Action," just as much fun today, if not more so.
Cry Tough
Bobby Dall / C.C. DeVille / Bret Michaels / Rikki Rockett
I Want Action
I Won't Forget You
Play Dirty
Talk Dirty to Me
Want Some, Need Some
Blame It on You
Number One Bad Boy
Let Me Go to the Show
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March 28, 1883 in London, England
September 6, 1973 in Petersfield, NH
Choral Keyboard
William H. Harris
Biography by Robert Cummings
William Henry Harris was better known in his lifetime as an organist and choirmaster than composer. Not that he didn't achieve success in the latter endeavor: in the realm of Anglican Church music, Harris…
Faire Is the Heaven, for chorus 1925 05:19 Choral
Bring Us, O Lord God, for chorus 1959 04:18 Choral
Prelude in E flat major 02:39 Miscellaneous (Classical)
O what their joy and their glory must be 07:28 Miscellaneous (Classical)
Lead, kindly light (tune Alberta) 02:51 Choral
Holy Is the True Light, for chorus 01:54 Choral
Let My Prayer Come Up 02:10
King of Glory, King of peace 05:27
Short Pieces (4) for organ: No. 2, Reverie 02:13 Keyboard
A Fancy, for organ 02:49 Keyboard
I Was Glad When They Said Unto Me, Psalm 122 03:11 Choral
Flourish for an Occasion, for organ 04:55 Keyboard
Psalm 27 for chorus & organ, "The Lord is my light and my salvation" 05:07 Choral
Strengthen Ye the Weak Hands, for chorus 07:19 Choral
Te Deum for chorus & organ 05:30 Choral
The Beatitudes, for chorus 05:28 Choral
Fantasy on the Tune "Babylon's Streams", for organ 09:19 Keyboard
Love of Love and Light of Light, for chorus 04:46 Choral
Praise the Lord, O My Soul, for chorus 09:57 Choral
Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis in D Major 05:30 Choral
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RB Damien Harris – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
July 9, 2019 July 14, 2019 / NFL / By Scott Neville
The Patriots Rookie Spotlight is a daily series where I will go down the list and break down each of the 10 players taken in the 2019 NFL Draft. So far we have covered N’Keal Harry, Joejuan Williams, and Chase Winovich. Today we will break down RB Damien Harris, who has a chance to make an impact as a rookie, much like Sony Michel a year ago.
Damien Harris was drafted as somewhat of a surprise in round three. Harris was drafted 87th overall, which was an absolute bargain for one of the most prolific backs in the college football landscape. Harris is a unit at 5’10” 216 lbs., which plays into his power-running style.
Top Notch Vision
Harris ran for 3,070 yards and 23 touchdowns in 54 games with the Crimson Tide. He also showed the ability to catch the ball, adding 407 yards in the air. One thing that stands out during his tape is his vision. Harris is a very patient and balanced runner that creates his own running lanes by making small and quick cuts. If there is one thing to watch for in his film, it is his decision making. Specifically how he makes people miss without having to make monster cuts or hurdles. He can regularly just side step defenders which allows him to keep running hard.
Running Style and Skill Set
Harris keeps a low center of gravity and is hard to knock down, especially one-on-one or in space. Despite being labeled as a power back, he can catch the ball and has some speed. He ran a 4.57 40-yard dash and has great burst.
Future With The Patriots
Damien Harris played at Alabama for four seasons. He decided to stay with Nick Saban for his senior season over going pro. Harris is as prepared for the Patriot lifestyle as any rookie in his class. It is rare for a five-star recruit to have to battle for carries in college. Harris has that experience because everyone at Alabama is a five-star recruit, and Saban game plans much like Belicheck. Harris will have no problem splitting carries, and knows how to compete for reps.
Sony Michel showed how important he can be to the Patriots and his carries are not going away. That said, Michel will never have a completely healthy knee, and Harris will benefit from Michel needing a light workload to stay off the Injured Reserve List. James White is one of the best third-down backs in the league, which will also factor into Damien’s ability to get on the field. That being said, Harris is extremely talented and his game translates well into the Patriots system. Josh McDaniels will have the luxury of using Harris in any situation. He’s not just a goal-line back or a pass catcher, though he could be effective in both roles. I expect Harris to dominate in practice and work his way into the rotation with Michel and White.
Damien Harris Highlights
Please for your own sake – watch this video. It is near impossible to watch this video and not get excited for Damien Harris’s potential in the NFL.
If you liked this article, check out some other installments of this series, where I covered first-round pick N’Keal Harry here, second-round pick Joejuan Williams here, and fellow third-round pick Chase Winovich here. Stayed tuned for my breakdown of Yodny Cajuste tomorrow.
N’Keal Harry – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
Joejuan Williams – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
Chase Winovich – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
What’s Wrong With The Red Sox Pitching Staff?
Who will be a part of the receiving corps for the Patriots come Week 1?
Ken Webster – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
Fantasy Football: Edwards’ Positional Rankings 1.0
P Jake Bailey – Patriots Rookie Spotlight
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Hong Kong Business Environment Council Certifies Hanergy as “Sustainable Product Supplier”
Published: 25 June 2019 - 10:54 a.m.
By: Baset Asaba
The multinational clean energy company, Hanergy Thin Film Power Group, today announced that it has been certified as ‘Sustainable Product Supplier’ besides its innovative thin-film solar tile product, Single-glass Triple-arch HanTile, has been recognized as ‘Sustainable Product’ under the ‘Fostering Sustainable Consumption for Hong Kong Business and Community’ program organized by Business Environment Council (BEC).
BEC is an independent charitable membership organization headquartered in Hong Kong. Funded by the Sustainable Development Fund, ‘Fostering Sustainable Consumption for Hong Kong Business and Community’ program aims to promote sustainable consumption and drive behavioral changes in Hong Kong. It gives certifications to enterprises, products and the services that are environment friendly, energy efficient and excel at facilitating sustainability and improving daily environmental performance.
Joining the league of renowned companies such as Canon, Konica Minolta and Fuji Xerox, which have been cited earlier as ‘Sustainable Product Supplier’, Hanergy’s recognition this year is the testimony of the company’s stellar work in sustainable energy sector as well as its perseverance to provide green solutions to the consumers around the globe. The company’s solar cells set the world record for conversion efficiency several times, with the newest one being 29.1% for its single-junction GaAs cells. It launched and upgraded a handful of consumer products at CES Asia 2019, including Humbrella, the solar-powered parasol; HanPack, the solar backpack; HanPower, a portable solar power-bank product, retaining its leading position in the mobile energy sector.
HanTile, which is recognized as a Sustainable Product, was first introduced by Hanergy in 2017, with an upgrade of new generation in 2018. Incorporated with high-efficient thin-film solar chips, HanTile can convert sunlight into electricity and replace traditional tiles as a part of energy saving building materials. According to laboratory research, installation of every 100 square meter HanTile on a house can help reduce emissions of 322 tons of carbon dioxide, 1045 kilograms of sulfur dioxide, and 910 kilograms of nitrogen oxides within 30 years, which is equivalent to the environmental benefits of planting 340 trees. Additionally, HanTile’s lifespan is 2 to 3 times of the traditional roofing materials’ lifespan of 20 years, making it both economically and socially beneficial, as it reduces the amount of waste in overall.
Commenting on the company’s achievement, Mr. Zhang Bin, Executive Director and Senior Vice President of Hanergy Thin Film Power Group, said, “It’s an honor for us to be recognized as ‘Sustainable Product Supplier’ by Hong Kong Business Environment Council. Aligned with our mission and belief of ‘changing the world with thin-film technology’, we are proud to be at the forefront of creating sustainable energy products and contribute towards the making of a greener world. Sustainability is something we’ve always stuck to, and we will continue to work in the direction to introduce top-of-the-line solutions for our customers worldwide.”
Furthermore, the information and the details pertaining to Hanergy and its product HanTile have been listed on the online directory of sustainable products and services, which BEC sets up to ensure the promotion of sustainable products and encourage consumers to give preference to the products it certifies over other options in the market. The company claims that the recognition will help HanTile and other products from Hanergy make a stronger presence in the environmentally keen markets.
The company also recently bagged the illustrious Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association (APVIA) Award 2019 for its exceptional contribution to the photovoltaic industry and being at the forefront of technological advancements.
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Review: Castlevania Complete Season 1 (Blu-Ray)
AVCon 2019 round-up
Review: Fate/stay Night: Heaven’s Feel 1. Presage Flower (Blu-Ray)
Visiting Japan: Ski holiday in Hakuba
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Review: Charlotte Volume 1 (DVD)
25 September, 2017 24 September, 2017 Iron Chap
Charlotte takes place in an alternate reality where a small percentage of children gain superhuman abilities at the onset of puberty, with the catch that the power will disappear as the child ages. The story follows protagonist Yuu Otosaka, who has the ability to possess anyone in his line of sight for five seconds, while his body passes out. It’s fair to say Yuu is kind of a total dick, and uses his powers for upstanding pursuits like cheating on tests and endangering the life of a girl he wants to date so he can ‘save’ her, thus winning her affection. Classy lad.
When Yuu’s power is exposed by Nao Tomori, another power-wielding girl who can turn invisible from one person at a time and the student council president of a school solely for children with these powers, Yuu is transferred to Hoshinoumi Academy as another member of the student council and begins to learn the truth behind his powers and the powers of other adolescents like him.
Charlotte was created and written by Jun Maeda, with character designs by artist Na-Ga. The art for Charlotte is absolutely top notch, with great character designs, backgrounds and animation all topped off with a lovely background score. The series introduces plenty of other characters along the way, with Jojiro Takajo, the high-speed reckless teleporter who does more harm than good and the celebrity idol and target of frequent possessions Yusa Nishimori rounding out the super-powered student council crew as they move to intercept and assist/threaten others whose use of their powers may place them in danger. Rounding out the main cast of this first part of the series is Ayumi, Yuu’s adorable younger sister with a deep affection for adding pizza sauce to everything she cooks, much to Yuu’s displeasure.
At first I wasn’t sure what to make of Charlotte. When we are first introduced to Yuu he is a straight-up prick, no two ways about it, and it’s hard to get on board with such a jerk. But as the ensemble cast fills out and Yuu, while not exactly turning over a new leaf, does stop being quite so much of a bastard, and the pieces start to come together in a compelling story that has quite a dark underside of experimentation and torture of powered kids which led to Hoshinoumi Academy’s creation as a safe-haven and the actions of the student council who move out on the advice of a weird kid who can detect others with powers (as long as he’s sopping wet) and direct the council to their whereabouts in order to assist them, bring them to the academy or straight up threaten them into not using their powers any more become more clear. This first half of the series ends on a seriously dark note that has left me very eager for more to see how this plays out, as the first half only hints at the broader goings-on of this world and the gifted teens that inhabit it. This release is equal parts fun, funny and dark with a great style as it splices together slice-of-life high school elements with super-powered action and drama into a well rounded and compelling package. Now if only part two would come out already…
Radness scale:
A review copy was provided by Madman Entertainment to the author for the purpose of this review.
Review: The Rolling Girls (DVD)
The Rolling Girls is fascinating - it presents a hyperactive, technicolour dreamscape peppered with a…
Review: Nisekoi Part 2 (DVD)
A few months ago I was pleasantly surprised in my review of the first chunk…
Review: The Future Diary (DVD)
Wow. I knew that this show had a reputation, but nothing could prepare me for what…
Review: Yowamushi Pedal the Movie (DVD)
After the Inter High competition wraps up, every team who performed well is sent an…
Anime Charlotte, dvd, Madman, review
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Anime Inferno © Copyright 2019 Adam Hicks. All rights reserved.
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MAP3K14 in NF-kappaB Signalweg
MAP3K14 in T-Zell Rezeptor Signalweg
anti-MAP3K14 Antikörper
anti-MAP3K14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 14 Antikörper (MAP3K14)
Auf www.antikoerper-online.de finden Sie aktuell 114 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper von 27 unterschiedlichen Herstellern. Zusätzlich bieten wir Ihnen MAP3K14 Proteine (9) und viele weitere Produktgruppen zu diesem Protein an. Insgesamt sind aktuell 136 MAP3K14 Produkte verfügbar.
aly, F23F1.4, F23F1_4, FTDCR1B, HS, HSNIK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14, Nik
MAP3K14 9020 Q99558
MAP3K14 360640
MAP3K14 53859 Q9WUL6
Meistgesuchte Reaktivitäten zu anti-MAP3K14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper
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anti-Rat (Rattus) MAP3K14 Antikörper:
anti-Mouse (Murine) MAP3K14 Antikörper:
Alle verfügbaren anti-MAP3K14 Antikörper
Verknüpfte Pathways mit anti-MAP3K14 Antikörper
NF-kappaB Signalweg
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Weitere Produktkategorien zu MAP3K14 Antikörper
135 anti-MAP3K14 Primary Antibodies
9 MAP3K14 Proteins
Am meisten referenzierte anti-MAP3K14 Antikörper
Show all anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper with Pubmed References
Human Polyclonal MAP3K14 Primary Antibody für IHC (p), ELISA - ABIN544141 : Aronsson, Magnusson, Andersson, Karsten, Shibasaki, Lendon, Goate, Brookes: The NIK protein kinase and C17orf1 genes: chromosomal mapping, gene structures and mutational screening in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. in Human genetics 1998 (PubMed)
Weitere Antikörper gegen MAP3K14 Interaktionspartner
Human Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 14 (MAP3K14) Interaktionspartner
we identify nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB)-inducing kinase (NIK) as a potential drug target driving NF-kappaB signaling and Merlin-deficient schwannoma genesis
Results indicated that MAP3K14 is a susceptibility gene for leprosy.
A TRAF3-NIK axis differentially regulates viral DNA vs RNA pathways in innate immune signaling.
Data show that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) expressed higher levels of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK).
These findings highlight the importance of NIK in tumor pathogenesis and invite new therapeutic strategies that attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibition of NIK and Drp1.
results suggest that changes in the relative concentrations of RelB, NIK:IKK1, and p100 during noncanonical signaling modulate this transitional complex and are critical for maintaining the fine balance between the processing and protection of p100.
report a detailed state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based protein-protein interaction network including the noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling nodes TRAF2, TRAF3, IKKalpha, NIK, and NF-kappaB2/p100; also provide a differential interactome of NIK mutants that cause immunodeficiency
OLFM1 is a negative regulator of non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling by interacting with and inhibiting NIK. Thus, OLFM1 may serve as a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
The expression of OTUD7B and NIK were negatively correlated in non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples. the higher expression of NIK was related to more lymph node metastasis and later TNM stage. high OTUD7B/low NIK index can predict an good prognosis.
NIK expression was significantly increased in the tumor tissue of patients with breast carcinoma, which may be an important factor that affects the prognosis of these patients.
This study identified two novel independent loci (MAP3K14 and CARD9) strongly associated with joint damage in Mexican Americans and European Americans and a few shared loci showing suggestive evidence for association.
The forced expression of NDRG2 in ATL cells down-regulates not only the canonical pathway by inhibiting AKT signaling but also the non-canonical pathway by inducing NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) dephosphorylation via the recruitment of PP2A
NIK(+) endothelial cells may play an important role in the persistence of synovitis
Data suggest microRNA302c, but not microRNA520e, promotes replication of influenza A virus H3N2 although the two microRNAs target same site of NFkappaB-inducing kinase (MAP3K14) 3prime untranslated region; studies were conducted in lung epithelial cells.
TWEAK induces noncanonical NF-kappaB signaling and signal-specific regulation of NIK mRNA expression.
by demonstrating a critical role of NIK in mediating NF-kappaB activation and BAG3 induction upon ST80/Bortezomib cotreatment, our study provides novel insights into mechanisms of resistance to proteotoxic stress in RMS
Loss-of-function mutations in NIK can cause B-cell lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired ICOSL expression, and disordered T helper cell and NK cell function.
Membrane attack complexes activate noncanonical NF-kappaB by forming a novel Akt(+)NIK(+) signalosome on Rab5(+) endosomes.
Authors show that activation of NF-kappaB by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K15 protein involves the recruitment of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and IKK alpha/beta to result in the phosphorylation of p65/RelA on Ser536.
NIK plays a key role in constitutive NF-kappaB activation and the progression of ovarian cancer cells
Mouse (Murine) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 14 (MAP3K14) Interaktionspartner
our data suggest a pivotal role for the NIK signaling axis in regulating dendritic cell functions in intestinal immunity and homeostasis.
Pathological activation of hepatic NIK likely blocks hepatocyte replication, contributing to liver disease progression.
Nik(-/-) mice could be useful as a spontaneous model of specific features of Eosinophilic esophagitis.
global or thymus-specific ablation of the NIK gene results in fatal autoimmune liver disease in mice.
constitutive activation of NIK in the hematopoietic system leads to bone marrow (BM) failure and postnatal lethality.
NIK pathways in both hepatocytes and immune cells act in concert to promote liver steatosis and glucose production in the setting of obesity.
this study demonstrates that although NIK is dispensable for thymocyte development, it has a cell-intrinsic role in regulating the homeostasis and function of peripheral T cells
Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, the authors could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of gammadelta T cell cytokine production.
NIK not only contributes to lymphoid organogenesis, inflammation and cell survival but also to TNFR1/RIP1-dependent cell death independently of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway.
This study demonstrated that NFkappaB-inducing kinase inhibits NFkappaB activity specifically in neurons of the CNS.
results assign NIK-induced alternative NF-kappaB signaling a master regulatory role in B-cells, starting from the T1 stage and also show that B-1 B cells are less dependent on this pathway, presumably owing to the existence of alternative pathways yet to be determined
NIK, and thus probably the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway, is critical to allow DCs to acquire the capacity to cross-present antigen and prime CD8 T cells after exposure to licensing stimuli.
Deletion of NIK in adult mice results in decreases in B cell populations in lymph nodes and spleen, similar to what is observed upon blockade of BAFF.
We identify NIK as a critical negative regulator of beta cell function, as pharmacological NIK activation results in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human islets.
the NIK in thymic stroma may be critically involved in the differentiation of most NKT cell subsets (although the level of NIK dependence may vary among the subsets), and also the NIK in NKT-alphabeta cells may be dispensable for their effector function.
CHIP/TRAF3/NIK interactions recruit NIK to E3 ligase complexes for ubiquitination and degradation, thus maintaining NIK at low levels
The results suggest a pivotal role of NIK in the thymic stroma in establishing self-tolerance by orchestrating cross-talk between medullary thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells as well as thymocytes.
MAP3K14 Antigen-Profil
This gene encodes mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14, which is a serine/threonine protein-kinase. This kinase binds to TRAF2 and stimulates NF-kappaB activity. It shares sequence similarity with several other MAPKK kinases. It participates in an NF-kappaB-inducing signalling cascade common to receptors of the tumour-necrosis/nerve-growth factor (TNF/NGF) family and to the interleukin-1 type-I receptor.
Alternative names and synonyms associated with MAP3K14
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAPKKK14) Antikörper
aly Antikörper
F23F1.4 Antikörper
F23F1_4 Antikörper
FTDCR1B Antikörper
HS Antikörper
HSNIK Antikörper
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 Antikörper
Nik Antikörper
Bezeichner auf Proteinebene für MAP3K14
NF-kappa-beta-inducing kinase , serine/threonine protein-kinase , serine/threonine-protein kinase NIK , NF kappa B-inducing kinase , Nfkb inducing kinase , alymphoplasia , protein kinase , mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14
360640 Rattus norvegicus
817555 Arabidopsis thaliana
Ausgewählte Anbieter für anti-MAP3K14 (MAP3K14) Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 13 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 7 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1 Interacting Protein 1 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Binding Protein 1 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Associated Protein 1 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 Interacting Protein 3 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase MLK4 Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase MLT Antikörper
anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Activated Protein Kinase 2 Antikörper
anti-Mitotic Spindle Organizing Protein 1 Antikörper
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Freshman Watch: Young talent on each Atlantic 10 team
By Grant Labedz Last updated Jan 13, 2017
It’s always important to keep an eye on the young talent throughout the league. Here’s a quick look at each team’s best freshman and what he’s been doing well so far this season.
Davidson Wildcats: Jon Axel Gudmundsson
Here’s a name you’re going to want to remember. If you haven’t been paying attention to the Wildcats, they’ve been struggling, but the young gun from Iceland is having himself a noteworthy freshman season. His 7.9/4.5/3.9 line isn’t too shabby, and when you add a team-high 1.6 steals per game, you realize Gudmundsson may be Davidson’s best defender. And that’s good, because we all know Davidson needs some work on defense…
Dayton Flyers: Trey Landers
Due to Kostas Antetokounmpo being ruled ineligible for the 2016-17 season, Dayton really doesn’t have a lot of freshmen at all. In fact, the only scholarship player (and freshman that’s played any minutes) is Trey Landers, so by default, he gets the nod. I’ll say this, the kid is 3-3 from the field this year. I think he needs more playing time.
Duquesne Dukes: Mike Lewis II and Isiaha Mike
This one’s a tie because these two are kind of the only players doing anything for Duquesne this year. I guess that’s a good thing for Jim Ferry’s club? Lewis II leads the team in scoring while Mike leads the team in rebounding. Maybe in a couple years, this team will have a talented core led by these two players.
Fordham Rams: Chuba Ohams
Fordham’s 3 freshman average less than 1 point per game, and I think that right there is a perfect analogy as to how the season has gone for the Rams. I’ll give Chuba Ohams the title based on talent and recruiting stature, but Fordham is a long way from seeing itself in the top half of the league for sure.
George Mason Patriots: Justin Kier
Justin Kier is potentially the most underrated freshman in the Atlantic 10. He doesn’t take a lot of shots, but he’s efficient when he does. Kier is shooting 45% from long range this season. I think he, along with a number of other young Patriots, really have a chance to do something special for Mason in a couple of seasons.
George Washington Colonials: Collin Smith
Collin Smith has made a big impact as a freshman. Averaging 7.9 points and 6.2 rebounds, he’s the Colonials’ best player on the glass. I really think this guy has a high ceiling in the Atlantic 10.
La Salle Explorers: Isiah Deas
As you probably know, La Salle hasn’t really relied on freshmen this season, utilizing its transfers and seniors more than its young players. Deas has 2 double digit scoring performances in just 9 games played this season though, so there’s definitely some potential here.
Massachusetts Minutemen: DeJon Jarreau
This kid’s been hands-down great for the Minutemen. Along with LuWane Pipkins and Tyrn Flowers, DeJon Jarreau is the leader of one of the best freshman classes in the nation. Jarreau is a clutch scorer and distributor, and if he improves his long range shooting, he could really be a complete player.
Rhode Island Rams: Cyril Langevine
Though the Rams have been struggling a lot this season, the freshman big man has provided some upside, especially on the glass. His 5.2 boards per game is impressive considering he’s averaging less than 15 minutes per contest this year. Could definitely emerge as a dominant post threat in a couple of seasons.
Richmond Spiders: De’Monte Buckingham
This one isn’t too hard. He is, in my opinion, the best freshman in the Atlantic 10 and is taking the league by surprise. If you didn’t know, Richmond is 4-0 in league play, and Buckingham is an enormous reason why. He’s had 7 straight double digit scoring games and had his first career double-double the other day against St. Bonaventure.
Saint Joseph’s Hawks: Charlie Brown
Freshman Charlie Brown is providing enormous upside for a Saint Joseph’s team that’s been absolutely plagued by injury this year. At 10.7 points and 4.9 rebounds per game, Brown is already playing like an upperclassmen and could be the next big thing for this Hawks team. He dropped 17 against George Mason the other night.
Saint Louis Billikens: Elliott Welmer
As bad as Saint Louis has been this year, Welmer has had a pretty decent freshman year. He’s 6-11 from three point range in conference play (leading the league) and is very good on the defensive glass. He could be a nice piece to Travis Ford’s system once all of his pieces are eligible in a few seasons.
St. Bonaventure Bonnies: Josh Ayeni
All in all, Josh Ayeni is putting together a fairly impressive freshman season for the Bonnies. His 6.4 points and 2.3 rebounds per game show that he’s definitely got potential, and there’s plenty of room for him to grow. Ayeni is starting to get more playing time as the season rolls on.
VCU Rams: Samir Doughty
Here’s a name you should get to know. This guys will be one of the better players in the league within a couple of years. Doughty is averaging 8.7 points and 4.1 rebounds as a freshman, and he’s only getting better as the season progresses. He had a career-high 23 points and 9 assists the other day against Duquesne.
Atlantic 10 Saturday Preview: Dayton and VCU with road tests
JeQuan Lewis stepping up his game in conference play
Postseason Atlantic 10 Top 25 Player Countdown: #1 Jon Axel Gudmundsson
Postseason Atlantic 10 Top 25 Player Countdown: #3 Obi Toppin
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AARP Forum Experts Discuss Living to 100
When Living to 100 Is the New Normal
AARP forum experts discuss how we can live our best lives as they grow longer
by Christina Ianzito, AARP, April 13, 2018 | Comments: 0
Forbes/Johnny Wolf
AARP CEO Jo Ann Jenkins tells the audience at the "Disrupt Aging: Implications of Living 100" forum that longevity demands that we “replace outdated models.”
En español | The life expectancy for Americans in 1950 was 68; today the average 10-year-old has a 50 percent chance of living to 104. So what will it mean for society when it becomes commonplace to live to 100? And how should that longevity affect how we live and think about everything from retirement and our financial lives to health and lifetime wellness?
Those were among the themes considered by a variety of experts brought together by AARP on April 12 in Washington, D.C., for “Disrupt Aging: Implications of Living 100”, a forum for some 400 attendees, including business leaders, health professionals and entrepreneurs. What they heard from speakers such as personal finance guru Suze Orman, journalist Ann Curry and best-selling author Cheryl Strayed was the importance of cultivating close relationships, continuing to learn and making retirement savings last.
AARP CEO Jo Ann Jenkins, author of the best-seller Disrupt Aging, told the crowd that longevity demands that we “replace outdated models,” including the traditional linear life path of going to school, spending years at work and then retiring. “What if colleges and universities offered lifetime subscriptions? What if we didn’t have the word retirement? How would we live our lives differently?” Jenkins asked.
Dave Evans, cofounder of Stanford Life Design Lab, said that a long, healthy life should be powered by curiosity. "Everybody should go back to school," Evans said, "but you should go back to You U,” meaning self-driven education. “Get curious; talk to people; try stuff; tell your story,” Evans said.
Not surprisingly, Orman, whose many books on personal finance include The Road To Wealth, offered the most practical, tough-love message of the day: Now is the time to start building wealth. “Money alone will never make you happy,” she said, “but lack of money will make you miserable.”
Strayed, author of the best-selling memoir Wild, emphasized that authentic connection is especially crucial as people age and tend to retreat from the world. It can be scary to express your truest self in public, she said, as she herself did in Wild, but “allowing people to actually know you, and risking that they might reject you, leads to a deepening of our relationships… that’s vital as we grow older.”
Curry also said she knows it can be hard to make social connections. “I have a deeply shy side,” admitted the former Today coanchor, but “get in there” and “reach out with kindness.”
Former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy, M.D., poignantly articulated a similar message. He said that he remembers feeling deeply lonely as a child and that in his role as surgeon general he “saw a lot of emotional pain.” Murthy said he now believes strongly that loving relationships are inextricably tied to health and well-being. People who are lonely have shorter lives, he observed — “a mortality impact that’s equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes a day.”
Debra Whitman, AARP's chief public policy officer, sounded an emotional note, growing tearful as she described her husband’s recent health scare. She said it reminded her and her family how precious life is, whatever its length. “It’s about the living, not the 100,” Whitman said. “We have to plan for 100 — but we really need to live for today.”
More on Living to 100
Disrupt Aging is not just about reimagining old age
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