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__label__wiki	0.687359	0.687359	It’s not technology that humans Millennials and Brands, A Complicat... by Tempo OMD Hellas SA 446 views Over 100 Eye Opening Stats About Ge... by Gregg L. Witt 5735 views Hot Cinema Program February2017 by Nova Media 259 views Meet Generation Z: Forget Everythin... by sparks & honey 929257 views It’s not technology that humans Gen Z 2025: The Final Generation It’s not technology that humans are adapting, but humans who are changing with the speed of tech. THE NEW MICROWAVE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. Published in: Marketing Lynette Mercado How To Get Rid Of Acne, The amazing clear skin secret Of top models and celebrities ●●● http://t.cn/AiWGkfA8 4 days ago Reply Mara Ratliff If you just broke up with your Ex,you have to follow these steps to get her back or risk ruining your chances. Click here ■■■ http://t.cn/R50e2MX Lucille Potts Get Automated Computer NFL,MLB,Soccer picks [$127,999 profit verified] ■■■ https://tinyurl.com/yxcmgjf5 Dionne Pugh How to Get Automated winning picks for NFL, NCAA and MLB? ★★★ https://tinyurl.com/yxcmgjf5 Isabella Mcgee who will win this game? get free picks and predictions. ●●● https://tinyurl.com/yxcmgjf5 Jenny Evans , Advertising Strategist \|\| Freelance Photographer \|\| Designer at Underscore Marketing Nigel Roosberg Cielo Marte Presas , Director, Human Resources AgnesMaksimovic Miguel Fernández Gen Z 2025 sparks & honey culture forecast THE FINAL GENERATION Today starts at 10 am, and ends in 10 years. – GEN Z GEN Z 2025 We live in the moment, but with an eye toward the future. – GEN Z GEN Z 2025 GEN Z 2025 GEN Z: THE FINAL GENERATION TODAY TO 2025 UNPLUGGED PASTURES NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU CAREERS: 3 BY 30 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING ME IS WE THE NEW MICROWAVE Digital detox as the new therapy For the love of impermanence Will not sign on the dotted line Living in your own algorithm Diversity, decomposed The speed of culture ends generations as we know it Millennials(1981-1997) Generation X (1965 - 1980) Ba byBoomers(1946-1964) Ge n Z (1998 - now) Greatest Generatio n (1928-1946) GEN Z ARE THE FINAL GENER ATION The very speed of culture will compress the 15-year generation into a .zip file of a few years, months or moments. We’ll have to keep up to understand the overlapping influences of not just one generation at at time, but of a constantly in-flux, innovative, wow-inducing global collective. THE FINAL GENERATION Th e Great Recession Born into The Great Depress ion WaronTerro r; W ar on Climate Change Survivors World War II Savers,non-d rinkers, non-smokers Conservative Strong morals, thrifty, responsible Lifehacker s, “Let’s make it better” Fixers Built the Am erica n Dream Grandparents ofGen Z,liveinmultigenerationalhomeswithGenZ The middle child of generations, parents of Gen Z GenerationMe.SomeGenZ’sparents,GenZ’soldersibling s Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 INTRODUCTION Growing up in the shadow of global meltdowns, Generation Z are used to instability. Born in 1998 and after, they know the world could change in an instant. They’re saving, and planning for a paycheck in 10 years. Witnessing their Millennial siblings flail, Gen Z have resolved to do things differently. Intrigued and challenged by the world, they’re constantly searching for ways to hack life and work. Resourceful, creative, humble – and always connected – Gen Z possess the inner engines of a startup. But what will Gen Z be in 2025? Drawn to perpetual reinvention, Gen Z will explore non-linear, overlapping paths of education and work. The majority of Gen Z expect to have multiple careers before they hit 30. They will live in their own algorithm, becoming experts in the obscure with carefully curated digital personas. But in an instant- everything existence, tomorrow’s grownups will have to find new ways of coping; digital detox will become their new therapy. If it doesn’t work, Gen Z will find a way to fix it. Their world view will be we-focused, not me- focused. A desire for privacy will underline their love of all things that eventually self-destruct. The watchful eye of data will seek to find a hiding Gen Z. And exposed to the breakneck speed of culture, Gen Z will mark the end of generations as we know it. Meet Gen Z, the Final Generation. GEN Z: TODAY TO 2025 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 2 SPEARHEADING CHANGE AT THE SPEED OF CULTURE, GEN Z ARE THE FINAL GENERATION. OF THE US POPULATION BY 2020 IN BUYING POWER: FINANCIAL INFLUENCERS GROWTH IN MULTIRACIAL YOUTH SINCE 2000; 46% NON-WHITE: HYBRID BACKGROUNDS AND...THEY’RE NOT MILLENNIALS 40% $44 BILLION 50% WHY GEN Z ? Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Careers: 3 by 30 chapter 1 WILL NOT SIGN ON THE DOTTED LINE GEN Z 2025 CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Gen Zers were born into unstable realities: the grip of global terror, financial meltdowns and their ripple-down effect on Gen Z’s (mainly Gen X) parents. Growing up with these undercurrents, these kids and teens have absorbed the rough edges of the world at a young age. But this is the norm for Gen Z, and it’s driving them to create non-linear paths of education and work. Even at a young age, Gen Z are seizing opportunities – and creating their own. In place of more traditional jobs like burger flipping or selling movie tickets, they’re taking on freelance work. According to the Harvard Business Review, 70% of teens are working entrepreneurial jobs like teaching piano lessons or selling items on eBay. These efforts are teaching them to think outside the box, setting them up to become tomorrow’s innovators. OF TEENS ARE WORKING ENTREPRENEURIAL JOBS 70% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 5 BORN INTO AN UNSTABLE WORLD, GEN Z ARE CREATING NON-LINEAR PATHS OF EDUCATION AND WORK TEENS WORKING ENTREPRENEURIAL, FREELANCE JOBS TEENS WORRIED ABOUT THEIR FUTURE EXPECT TO HAVE MULTIPLE CAREERS BY THE TIME THEY’RE 30 70% 63% 60% 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Part of what’s driving Gen Z to work hard – and creatively – is their financial savvy. The majority of teens aged 13 to 17 say they’re already saving money (58%) (s&h). And those who aren’t yet saving (35%) are planning to put money away (s&h). From their Gen X parents, Gen Z have learned the value of the dollar at a young age. The lessons have been tough on their parents. The typical cycle of generations sees one do better than the previous, but Gen X, mainly Gen Z’s parents, were left to wallow in the economic tank. When they were toddlers and in grade school, the median net worth of Gen Z’s parents fell by nearly half (45%), as the housing market tanked between 2007 to 2010 (MarketWatch). While many Gen Zers are intent on saving, the message resounds from their parents. Fifty-five percent say their parents are pressuring them to work during high school (Millennial Branding). Saddled by this financial weight, it’s no wonder that most Gen Zers are concerned for their tomorrow. We asked teens aged 13 to 17 how they felt and they responded: 63% are worried about their future (s&h). The woe of the wad (of money) OF TEENS AGED 13 TO 17 SAY THEY’RE ALREADY SAVING MONEY OF TEENS ARE WORRIED ABOUT THEIR FUTURE 58% 63% CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 7 GEN Z 2025 Instilled with a drive to create work and make money, Gen Z are intent on learning their own way. Seventy-five percent of teens say there are ways of getting a good education other than by going to college (s&h). And even when they agreed with this statement, 66% still plan to attend college (s&h). But the traditional path of summer job, school, college, and real job no longer applies. Their learning paths are less defined by traditional educational structures than they are by a desire to learn in new ways. That could mean home- schooling (for an estimated 2.2 million kids in the US), or just learning online. Their heroes are people like Kenyan Julius Yego who taught himself javelin on YouTube – and ended up scoring gold in the world championships. For many, college is still firmly in their future, but they want a hand in their own education. Seventy-two percent of teens say colleges should let students design their own courses or major (Northeastern University). And 63% want colleges to offer courses in founding or running a business (Northeastern University). Such aspirations hint at their drive to learn outside of the box – and feed their own interests. Learning opportunities are no longer linear, they’re everywhere. And age is no hindrance. Education: I did it my way CAREERS: 3 BY 30 63% want colleges to offer courses in founding or running a business Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 8 75% of teens say you can get a good education in other ways than going to college. CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 CAREERS: 3 BY 30 It’s the dawn of 12-year-old interns, teens who run their own empires and those who have more work experience than their college professors at 20. At 12, Glenn Green took an early step toward his future career as an art director by becoming McKinney’s youngest intern. Like many of his peers, Glenn is already working hard to gain an edge in his future. Gen Z have their own ideas of what they’ll do once they get there. It’s this very entrepreneurial spirit that will set them up for their working lives 10 years from now. They have the resolve, ability to recreate, collaborate, and take risks – much like a startup. Early starters At 12, Glenn Green took an early step towards his future career as an art director by becoming McKinney’s youngest intern Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 10 “How do you think this experience will help you in the future? I know that if I put this on my resume, it will make me look very good once I have to apply for college. That will be hard if I’m not up to standard and don’t have experience.” CAREERS: 3 BY 30 -GLENN GREEN, 12, INTERN AND FUTURE ART DIRECTOR (DIGIDAY, 2015) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. Careers: 3 by 30 In 2025 THE NEW WAY OF WORKING: NETWEAVING NO APPOINTMENT NECESSARY SIDE-GIG GANGSTERS WILL NOT SIGN ON THE DOTTED LINE THE SINKING RELATION-SHIP CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. One in nine Americans are self-employed today Among Gen Z, 42% say they intend to work for themselves GEN Z 2025 - CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 At work, Gen Z will structure their professional lives much as they do their non-working lives: across spaces and connections that help them develop. As the freelance economy is on the rise today, Gen Z will accelerate it. Forty-two percent of teens say they intend to work for themselves (Northeastern University). That’s a striking difference between the one in nine Americans who are self-employed today (Bureau of Labor Statistics). The freelance economy will give this generation the ability to explore their professional passions. And they’re already planning on it: the majority of teens (60%) expect to have multiple careers by the time they’re 30 (s&h). When Gen Z enter the working force, they will be radically shifting our ideas of the working world. THE MAJORITY OF TEENS (60%) EXPECT TO HAVE MULTIPLE CAREERS BY THE TIME THEY’RE 30 60% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 14 The new way of working: Netweaving GEN Z 2025 - CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Gen Z will work a portfolio lifestyle, working many jobs simultaneously and using relationships they dip into for professional expertise and resources. Think of an extended web of real life and connected relationships that drive a 24/7 economy of non-stop labor. Gen Z will collaborate and create with a vast network of contacts, dipping in and out of relationships for the greater good of their careers. Call it netweaving. Today, 28% of teens place more of an emphasis on personal relationships than Millennials do (20%) (Adecco). And communicating with all of these collaborators will become increasingly important for Gen Zers. As research from Oxford University estimates, in the next 20 years one in six low-wage jobs in the US could be susceptible to being taken over by robots (FiveThirtyEight). Gen Z, however, will know how to speak bot – and human. The new way of working: Netweaving CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 Connections matter to Gen Z: 28% place more emphasis on their personal relationships than Millennials at 20% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 16 In the next 20 years one in six low-wage jobs in the US could be susceptible to being taken over by robots GEN Z 2025 - CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Speak they will, at any hour of the day. Nothing will stop a developer in Singapore brainstorming ideas with a co-workers in Australia and Idaho. Screens and connections are a natural extension of their very being, unrestrained by the boundaries of time. For Gen Z, there is no such thing as an appointment. Every moment is prime for interaction, free of time zones. That will come naturally to Gen Z, 91% of whom say they have devices in bed (Pew). Often toggling across five screens – and always connected – Gen Z will navigate in and out of work priorities, across their netweave of collaborators. No appointment necessary CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 For Gen Z, there is no such thing as an appointment Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 18 “I want to be a doctor, a business person, an entrepreneur, and an engineer. Right now, I’m working at my parents’ office to get a little money on the side. Sometimes it’s boring, but that’s how jobs are. I also have a job selling jewelry.” – RACHEL, 12 OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 With access to infinite connections, tomorrow’s working world will flow through portfolio careers, exploring options much like you might try on clothes on in a fitting room. But, instead of sampling just one piece at a time, they’ll be trying on the whole outfit of work. Meet the designer who side-gigs as a dj and is working on a six-month slow journalism project. Having one job after another on your resume will be yesterday’s news. Instead, Gen Z will be working overlapping, simultaneous projects of varied lengths. Gen Z’s future job: finding their careers. Side-gig gangsters CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 Gen Z’s future job: finding their careers Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 20 GEN Z 2025 Exploring job and career aspirations will mean employers will have to entice Gen Z with a policy of transparency. These freelancing, non- committed side-gig young adults will want creative reign over their output. The days of non-confidentiality agreements are over, forcing those who will benefit from this brain trust to be flexible and shift creative capital to the employee. Gen Z have creative aspirations: The Juilliard School is their number one school in terms of affinity (s&h). Will not sign on the dotted line CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 The Juilliard School is Gen Z’s number one school in terms of affinity (s&h) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 21 GEN Z 2025 Immersed in a never-ending, fluid collaborative world could also distract the young adult Gen Z from forming solid relationships in later life, at least in the traditional sense. Already today, 15% of teens prefer interacting with their friends online (Northeastern University). These always-on friendships, and maybe even relationships, can help the Zer’s world expand by encouraging openness. “At a time when communicating in your life is at its most awkward, expressing yourself online can be a hopeful tool,” says Dr. Suzanne Lachmann, a New York-based psychologist specializing in relationships. But too much focus on online-only relationships can take away from real world ones. “It can be a place to exercise your love of fantasy football or whatever, but (being online) is also used to as a The sinking relation-ship CAREERS: 3 BY 30 – IN 2025 form of self-punishment,” she adds. And forming “unrealistic expectations based on what you see on screen” puts added pressure on young adults’ relationship ideals. “The other person ends up feeling like they’re never good enough.” Whether it’s professionally, personally or socially – unplugging will become a necessity. Gen Z will be anxious for an extended time out. Focusing too much on digital relationships can take away from real world ones Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 22 The sinking relation-ship: 15% prefer interacting with their friends online GEN Z 2025 - CAREERS: 3 BY 30 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Unplugged Pastures chapter 2 DIGITAL DETOX AS THE NEW THERAPY GEN Z 2025 UNPLUGGED PASTURES By 2020, a mere five years from now, the world will have churned out 44 zettabytes of data, according to research by EMC and IDC. That’s 10 times more streaming, insta-messaging, uploading, and downloading than the digital universe collectively produced in 2013. To put it in perspective, 44 zettabytes is this many zeros: notice, the distinction between on and off will blur even further. So, how do you turn ‘off’ when there is no such thing as ‘on’? Not disconnecting will be the biggest health threat for Gen Z. The world of looking down at your screen will have to look up and unplug. Or, physically seek out disconnected spaces, like a rainforest. When Gen Z’s existence, whether in work or life, is entwined in a connected world, disconnecting will become a conscious effort. To digitally detox will be the new therapy, and a vital on at that. Here’s why. When 91% of teens go to bed with their devices, most of their waking hours connected. Today, they are spending a full four hours a day online (Pew). Given that Gen Z will be running their portfolio careers from everywhere but the office – the bedroom, boardroom, cafe, park bench, airport, taxi, the English Channel – their online time is only set to increase. And with wearables evolving into technology that we don’t even 44,000,000,000,000,000,000,000That’s 21 0’s Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 25 91% go to bed with their devices GEN Z 2025 - UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. DATA THE WORLD WILL CREATE BY 2020 TEENS WHO GO TO BED WITH THEIR DEVICES ESTIMATE OF CHINESE PEOPLE ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET TODAY 44 ZETTABYTES 91% 24 MILLION THE WATCHFUL EYE OF DATA WILL SEEK TO FIND HIDING GEN Z UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. How do you turn off when there is no such thing as on? GEN Z 2025 - UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Gen Z are tethered to their screens, a lot. Are they worried about it? Not that much. Forty- two percent of teens say they don’t intend to cut back on their online time anytime soon (s&h). And once they dip in and out of their portfolio careers, the significance of those connections will only be amplified. Exposed to the connected life earlier than ever, what will non-stop digital actually do to their bodies? Tech meets body, body reacts to tech UNPLUGGED PASTURES 42% say they don’t intend to cut back on time spent online Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 29 GEN Z 2025 For Gen Z, the first true generation of digital natives, being connected is as natural as moving an arm or a leg. Screens are simply an extension of their bodies. It’s their parents who are inducting them early. In the US, kids are most likely to be gifted with gaming devices (and TVs) between ages four and seven (eMarketer). A few years later, from eight to 11, they’ll receive a gaming console, digital music player, tablet or ereader from their parents (eMarketer). In fact, 22 million 12- to 17-year-olds will own a mobile device this year in the US, according to eMarketer. Early onset screen time UNPLUGGED PASTURES 4 to 7: age kids in the US are most likely to receive gaming devices and TVs Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 30 Early onset screen time GEN Z 2025 - UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 The threat of not disconnecting is already surfacing. Looking up – not down – will become vital to avoid afflictions such as text neck, a scourge first reported at the end of 2014. A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with text neck, where the proper curve in the spine is reduced, causing pain, tension across the shoulders, and possibly migraines. Even scarier, doctors say, is that these changes to the neck are typical of someone decades older – until now. But it’s not all dour, since humans are an adaptable breed. Scientists say our bodies are changing to adapt to such constant connectivity. According to research by PLOS One, people are taking on “protective behaviors” while they text and walk at the same time. Meaning they’re walking in a more cautious manner to avoid the risk of injury – or bumping into obstacles like other people. Beyond the pimple: bodies changing UNPLUGGED PASTURES Looking up – not down – will become vital to avoid afflictions such as text neck Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 32 “It’s hard to appreciate where you are when you’re perpetually distracted by where you’re not.” UNPLUGGED PASTURES - Dr. SUZANNE LACHMANN, PsyD Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 While connectivity is an inherent part of Gen Z’s day, too much of a good thing has its dark side. Severe reactions to too much online time are cropping up. Just ask the 19-year-old Chinese man who cut off his own arm to curb his addiction to gaming. It’s an extreme example, sure, but such behavior is sounding an increasingly loud alarm. In China, where authorities are creating centers to curb digital addiction, an estimated 24 million are said to be addicted to the internet. In New York, psychologist Dr. Suzanne Lachmann is seeing digital stress in some of the teens she treats in her practice. “Being constantly connected is cultivating a level of anxiety – you have to be accountable to someone or something that isn’t actually there in your space. If they don’t immediately respond, their world falls apart,” Dr. Lachmann said. Addicted to digital UNPLUGGED PASTURES PEOPLE IN CHINA ARE SAID TO BE ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET 24 MILLION 16% OF YOUNG ADULTS SHOW SIGNS OF ONLINE ADDICTION – UK STUDY 16% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 34 GEN Z 2025 “It’s hard to appreciate where you are when you’re perpetually distracted by where you’re not,” she said. The concept of internet addiction is in its infancy for the medical community, but the problem is real. Some early signals to watch out for include simply spending hours online, and becoming irritable when interrupted during such an internet coma, according to a recent UK study. The same research revealed that 16% of the young adults surveyed showed signs of online addiction. Fortunately for the Gen Z bunch, they are already aware of spending too much time online, although they’re not that bothered by it. Fifty-nine percent of 13- to 17-year-olds think they spend too much time online, but it doesn’t mean they have plans to cut down on their internet time (s&h). After all, digital is a crucial part of their day. One in three (32%) say what what they do online is important (s&h). UNPLUGGED PASTURES 59% of teens think they spend too much time online Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 35 Unplugged Pastures In 2025 THE BIG HEALTH THREAT HELP, I’M ALLERGIC TO YOUR WIFI OFF THE GRID ZONES CONSCIOUS UNPLUGGING REVERENCE FOR B.D. (BEFORE DIGITAL) UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. “Today you pay to connect, tomorrow you’ll pay to disconnect.” - JAN CHIPCHASE, @janchip STUDIO D RADIODURANS; AUTHOR OF HIDDEN IN PLAIN SIGHT AND TODAY’S OFFICE UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 A world entrenched in nonstop connectivity will birth new digital disorders. One contributing factor is the anxiety caused by being overly influenced by digital. The stress of striving for perfection from connected lifestyles will, for many, remain out of reach. Think, the dieter whose food choices are defined by what looks good to post, and not eat. Or, the vegan who hauls tupperware to a party to maintain a perceived ideal. This never-ending pressure gnaws at their very being, and can emerge in obsessive behaviors. Take orthorexia, a type of compulsive eating disorder originally identified in 1997. Then it was about thinness, but psychiatric professionals are seeing it surface now as a symptom of striving for “cleanliness and purity,” according to nutrition therapist Sondra Kronberg as reported in FastCo. This stems from being drawn into a world where victims compulsively compare themselves to Instagram posts. The big health threat UNPLUGGED PASTURES – IN 2025 A world of nonstop connectivity will birth new digital disorders Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 38 GEN Z 2025 Digital could make you sick. Or, you could make yourself sick thinking about digital. Allergies to WiFi and other electromagnetic waves are cropping up as new disorders of the digital kind. Having people and WiFi in increasingly close quarters could fuel digital disorders we are only beginning to fathom. As completely disconnected zones will be harder to find, and must be sought out, we’re on the cusp of discovering the health effects of constant connectivity. In France, a court has just recognized Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity (EHS) as a disability, though some say an allergy to the invisible electromagnetic waves may be psychosomatic. A couple in Massachusetts insist that their son has been suffering from the effects of high-intensity WiFi at his school, and they’re suing the state of Massachusetts to investigate the matter further. Given these instances, where do you go if you’re allergic to WiFi? Help, I’m allergic to your WiFi UNPLUGGED PASTURES – IN 2025 Digital could make you sick – or you could make yourself sick thinking about digital Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 39 Help, I’m allergic to your WiFi GEN Z 2025 - UNPLUGGED PASTURES Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Imagine a world of vast green spaces, perhaps a duck quacking in the distance, interrupted only by the sound of leaves blowing in the wind. It may be an enclosed park, a nature trail or a mountain top: All spaces where you’re connected only to the ground beneath your feet – and not to your WiFi. These will be the coveted havens of 2025. But you’ll have to pay to get there. In a world where data can always find you, hiding from it will become an increasing premium. The ultimate marker of success won’t be measured in Gen Z’s working hours, relationships or other social currencies. It’ll be disappearing off grid – and not being found, or tracked, by anyone not designated by the disappeared party. Off the grid zones UNPLUGGED PASTURES – IN 2025 In a world where data can always find you, hiding from it will become an increasing premium Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 41 GEN Z 2025 UNPLUGGED PASTURES – IN 2025 Gen Z are all about facing and embracing problems, not hiding from them. Given their acute awareness levels, they will be positioned to know when they’ve hit their personal tipping point for disconnectivity. Whether on screens or in wearables, they’ll purposely do things like turn off their geolocation in favor of silence. Turning away from data will mean extended breaks from their digital selves. That also translates to distancing from digital relationships, peers, friends, collaborators, and even internet loves. The hunt to find Gen Z’s trail will be the next big game. Conscious unplugging The hunt to find Gen Z’s trail will be the next big game Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 42 GEN Z 2025 Gen Z were born twitching screens in their mothers’ wombs. But in 10 years, they’ll hark back to the unplugged era. Getting up from the sofa and manually turning on the lights will become an experience. Feeding their tastes for customized absurdity, we’ll see more yoga classes turned breweries, hot dogs served on a bed of peanut butter and heartfelt messages scrolled on real potatoes (yes, potatoes). Seeking out Before Digital experiences – camping, device- free slumber parties, wearable-free dinners – will become celebrated gatherings. But probably for not for longer than a day or two. They won’t want to miss your message for too long, after all. Reverence for B.D. (Before Digital) UNPLUGGED PASTURES – IN 2025 Gen Z will revere unplugged experiences, like sending heartfelt messages on real potatoes Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 43 GEN Z 2025 Me is We chapter 3 DIVERSITY, DECOMPOSED GEN Z 2025 Kumbaya. Generation Z, sitting in a circle holding hands. They’re connected to the people around them, and aware of the world beyond themselves. They’ve come of age in an era of the first African-American US President, marriage and gender equality, and acute awareness of climate change. They’re more globally connected, polycultural and in tune as a generation than any other. Where Millennials have been blamed for trailblazing with entitlement, Gen Z see themselves as part of a greater whole. In their home, social or work lives, Gen Z leads with: What’s good for me is good for everyone. Gen Zers seek out new communities and sub- groups, from marshmallow lovers to cosplay, for a greater sense of belonging. To do so, Gen Zers may have multiple digital personas that they dip in and out of to explore their interests and many me’s. But who, or what, is the real ‘me’ of Gen Z? Let’s take a look. ME IS WE GENERATION Z, SITTING IN A CIRCLE HOLDING HANDS Z Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 46 GEN Z LIVE IN MULTIGENERATIONAL HOMES TEENS SAY PARENTS ARE THEIR BEST FRIENDS CHILDREN LIVING WITH AN UNMARRIED PARENT TODAY (INCLUDING SINGLE PARENTS, SAME-SEX PARENTS) 28% 58% 34% DIVERSITY WILL DECOMPOSE IN FAVOR OF HUMANITY ME IS WE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Gen Z are growing up in very non-traditional family structures. Twenty-eight percent of Gen Zers are living in multigenerational homes, being influenced by the norms and values of multifaceted family members under one roof. They’re an increasingly blended bunch, and that trend is only set to grow. Since 2000, there’s been a 50% increase in the multiracial youth population. As Gen Z grow up, they will carry on their norms of acceptance, absorbed in an increasingly diverse world and home. Instead of rebelling from their parents, today’s kids and teens see allies and friends in their parental units. They have manicures and take bike trips together, or share bonding activities like pulling out a loose tooth with a drone. And ME IS WE Keep it together – in the family LIVE IN MULTIGENERATIONAL HOMES 28% their parents are helping them foster openness, like this awesome Dad who celebrated his son choosing a mermaid doll over another toy. These attitudes of openness are reflected in the changing face of traditional families (kids living with married, heterosexual parents). One of the biggest shifts in family setups is Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 48 58% of teens say parents are their best friends GEN Z 2025 - ME IS WE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 that 34% of children today are living with an unmarried parent (including single-parent or same sex parents), which is 15% more than in 1980, when only 19% of kids lived with an unmarried parent (Pew). Parents are becoming the new best friends. Fifty-eight percent of teens in the UK think so, and their parents agree: 40% say they’re much closer to their kids than they were to their own parents. The tide is shifting towards togetherness, propelled not by authority but rather a communal experience of life. Living as a broader family unit is evident in the shifts in real estate patterns of older people. Instead of downsizing for a simpler life, Gen Z’s grandparents are buying bigger houses to accommodate diverse family setups under one roof. While Boomers are benefiting from more time with their grandkids, they’re also set to become the next influential tech set, as Gen Z explain Snapchat to grandma. Grandkids in turn are taking on more conservative values promoted by nearby representatives of older generations. ME IS WE 34% of kids live with an unmarried parent Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 50 GEN Z 2025 Gen Z’s social passions are focused on issues that both reflect more traditional values and caring for the greater good. Looking at the top social advocacy and issues of Gen Z, Above the Influence is the association they have the most affinity for, followed by the truth campaign (s&h). Both are organizations that help young people stay on the right path, free of drugs and alcohol. It’s as much a reflection of their life stage as it is of their values, skewed toward the conservative. Showing concern for others is another revered social force. The Keep A Breast Foundation, a breast cancer care and research organization, is in the top three for this age group (s&h). ME IS WE Gen Z: conservative and caring Gen Z cares: Above the Influence and truth top social advocacy affinity Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 51 “I’d want to use unicorns for money. This is why: unicorns are magical and they spread happiness and awesomeness.” ME IS WE – RACHEL, 12 OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 The time Gen Z invests in their world needs to count for something. When it comes to work, they don’t just want jobs, they want jobs that matter. Ones that give them the flexibility to pursue their passions and help them secure a foundation for the future. 2014, less than 35% of teens were employed in July, compared to 55% in the 70s, 80s, and early 90s, according to Census Data. Because ice cream won’t help them get a leg up on college admissions. They care about moving forward, and ultimately doing jobs that matter in the world: 60% say they want to have an impact on the world with their work (Intern Sushi/CAA). ME IS WE 2014 TEENS WORKING IN JULY 70s, 80s, 90s 35% 55% That may mean they’re spending less time doing so-called grunt work, the kind previously reserved for teens. Kids today are less likely to work summer jobs, doing things like selling ice cream, than they were in previous decades. In The currency of time Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 53 GEN Z 2025 Gen Z’s sense of belonging is constructed from a blend of online personas. As they navigate the world, they have the freedom to tap into many communities to expand their horizons and their friendships. Fully 57% of teens have met a new friend over the internet, and most of those friendships never blossom in the real world: 77% say they’ve never met an online friend in person (Pew). But it’s all with a detached commitment, since no one thing defines them. Whether it’s dipping into the mermaid economy or creating breakfast mash-ups, they’re sampling a range of interests. Join a cosplay community, a peanut butter and jelly eating competition, learn how to ski on youtube, or save koalas from extinction. With many personas, it’s all possible. ME IS WE The many faces of ‘me’ 57% of teens have met a new friend over the internet, and most of those friendships never blossom in the real world Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 54 77% of teens say they have never met an online friend in person GEN Z 2025 - ME IS WE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 ME IS WE We, veiled in privacy Catch them if you can. Gen Z have seen how a careless tweet or post can derail careers and spawn sex tapes. They’ve inhaled the lessons of their older siblings and are intent on keeping their online lives sacred, and secret. Thinking before doing is Gen Z’s mantra: 57% say they have not posted something due to privacy concerns (Pew). Consequently, Gen Z are attracted to online worlds that expand both their sense of security – and fun. Teen girls have cracked the code and created fake instagram accounts, “finstagram” or “finsta,” to mold their online identities. These are shared only with a very select group of private friends. Finsta content spans the silly or ridiculous moments where every hair or filter doesn’t have to be in place. But the dust doesn’t settle on their real instagram, “rinsta,” their curated version for the broader world to consume. When Gen Z are seen, they want it to be on their own terms. As one safeguard against the tracking eyes of surveillance, they’re looking to the absurd. Move over anti-facial recognition glasses. It turns out cosplay could be the ultimate facial recognition fighter: Project Secret Identity 2015 encouraged attendees at Dragon Con “to protect and advocate for ourselves” to shape the future. Like their signs say, superhero activism can “foil your facial recognition algorithm.” Gen Z are intent on keeping their online lives sacred, and secret Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 56 Gen Z are attracted to online worlds that expand their sense of security – and fun GEN Z 2025 - ME IS WE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. Me is We In 2025 DECOMPOSING DIVERSITY WASTE NOT: FROM MAKERS TO FIXERS THE RISE OF THE NON-COMMITTED ME IS WE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 As Gen Z take on the world in 10 years, their world view will follow. In their unique perspective, there is no normal, there just is. They understand that people come from a variety of socio-economic backgrounds, races and gender norms. Today, they embrace the world with blind inclusivity instead of simply tolerance, which implies that there is the “other” to tolerate. We’ll see diversity as a term decompose in favor of simply being human, at least on Earth. And maybe for aliens, too, if Gen Z follows the lead of the UK government. It’s just mandated that our communications to extraterrestrials should be updated with messages of gender equality and diversity. ME IS WE – IN 2025 Decomposing diversity “We need you to take action. We are all indigenous to this earth.” – Xiuhtezcatel Martinez to U.N., 15, hip hop artist and youth director of Earth Guardians (Rolling Stone) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 59 GEN Z 2025 The one thing we all have in common is our planet. And Gen Z are aware that caring for the ground beneath our feet is an acute issue: 46% say they’re concerned about climate change (Pew). When it comes to protecting the environment, Gen Z mirror the worries of their older Millennial siblings. This comes in stark contrast to older generations: 56% of young adults aged 18 to 34 (Millennials) say they’re willing to pay much higher prices to protect the environment, compared to only 20% of seniors (National Geographic). Gen Z would rather put their energy into reusing resources than creating new ones. Instead of artisanal everything, we’ll see an emphasis on innovation, even from waste. Like the global chefs who use every part of an animal ME IS WE – IN 2025 Waste not: from makers to fixers SAY THEY’RE CONCERNED ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE 46% – brains, butts, and broth – in their cuisines. What was yesterday’s meal will be tomorrow’s new canvas. Creating new biodegradable materials that will expand, stretch and do things like morph fruit skins into a handbag will be the next wave of waste-not innovation. Gen Z will be the Waste Nots, who fix the old to invent the new. Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 60 GEN Z 2025 Bombarded by constant online options – from choosing your friends to the breakfast cereal medley you’ll have for dinner – the journey trumps the destination. Without the space to absorb who you are in an uninterrupted zone, the quest for the next best thing can be never-ending. And digital lacks something very fundamental to our human existence. “There’s a whole world of physical interaction that’s missing,” said Dr. Lachmann. Dr. Lachmann talks about a generation that’s been “wired from the moment they came out of the womb.” And the wired space of infinite next connections is all they know. “What’s potentially scary is that disconnecting is a completely unknown entity to them,” she said. Gen Z’s next commitment will be finding themselves. ME IS WE – IN 2025 The rise of the non-committed Gen Z will be the Waste Nots, who fix the old to invent the new Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 61 ME IS WE MORNING MUSINGS HOVERS TO WORK RETURNING HOME WAKES UP DIGGING IN SPACE MORNING HARVEST EVENING ARTLETICS Brushes teeth, considers replacing limbs with prosthetic ones to avoid muscle fatigue for long day ahead in space mining Rides hover scooter downtown to the main space elevator hub. Girlfriend holographically appears in kitchen to show Quan a new recipe. They cook together before she goes back to her job as a head chef. Woken up by small neural disruptor. His PJs made of nano fibers change color and pattern based on mood. Takes shuttle to asteriod belt, controls robot to look for precious stones and ore. Ceiling is a hydroponic garden. Harvests flora and begins to prepare breakfast without tech. Detoxes from day by practicing cardistry with friends for upcoming super nerd championships tv A day in the life of Gen Z in 2025 Mother Father Jobs Lives Singaporean Pakistani Asteriod Miner Guangzhou, China QUAN, 27 (YEAR 2025) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Much Ado About One Thing chapter 4 LIVING IN YOUR OWN ALGORITHM Living in your own algorithm GEN Z 2025 - LIVING IN YOUR OWN ALGORITHM Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Gen Z have the attention span of a gerbil. Their best friends are digital. They aren’t listening because, you know, all those screens. These platitudes are served by those who don’t quite understand how Gen Z are actually processing and focusing – and even listening to you at the same time. Behind the glare of screens it may seem like they’re zombies, but Gen Z have found a way to cut through the non-stop information flow to focus on their specific interests. In a world of endless options and customization, they do pay attention, but they’re just particular about it. According to Fast Company, they’ve developed a highly evolved filter to do this in exactly eight seconds. MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING THE TIME IT TAKES GEN Z TO FOCUS IN A FRANTIC WORLD 8 SECONDS Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 65 TEENS THAT SAY THEY’RE AN EXPERT AT SOMETHING TIME IT TAKES TEENS TO FOCUS ON RELEVANT CONTENT WHEN TEENS FEEL COMPELLED TO RESPOND TO A TEXT OR DIRECT MESSAGE 47% 8 SECS IMMEDIATELY MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING LIVING DEEP IN YOUR OWN DATA CREATES THE ULTIMATE FEED OF LIFE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING Think about Gen Z as having rapid focus, instead of a rapid lack of focus. By diving deeper into specific fields of interest, Gen Z are creating a world of highly specialized experts. The kid who loves cereal so much he builds sculptures out of them, or the one whose sneaker passion makes him a designated sneakerhead. Digital has armed them with the ability to source alternative means of entertainment and learning, resources and interests outside of what they’re taught in a classroom, by their parents, peers, or coaches. They’re getting an early start on Malcolm Gladwell’s 10,000 hours of deliberate practice to become skilled, as detailed in his book Outliers. In fact, 47% of teens already consider themselves to be experts at something (s&h). Rapid focus OF TEENS ALREADY CONSIDER THEMSELVES TO BE EXPERTS AT SOMETHING 47% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 67 GEN Z 2025 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING At the same time, Gen Z are drawn in by incessant social media pings demanding their attention. They “feel compelled to answer texts or direct messages almost immediately,” according to a study to be presented at the British Psychological Society. These instant demands on their attention can feel like a never- ending an emotional investment, which can ultimately deter teens’ health by causing anxiety, the same research says. Consequently, the ability to focus on what’s important is also a kind of protective shield from the potentially stress-inducing overload of too much noise. Just focus. The emotional toll of information overload Teens feel compelled to answer texts or direct messages almost immediately Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 68 Much Ado About One Thing In 2025 EXPERTS IN THE OBSCURE DEEP IN YOUR OWN ALGORITHM THE END OF COMMON SENSE MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING – IN 2025 Imagine a world of PhDs. Everyone has a self- appointed degree in their own highly evolved field of expertise. Their topics span everything you’d ever want to know about – from crafting hoverboards for pets to tailoring shirts out of your leftover dinner materials. Entrenched in their chosen knowledge, they’ll be sharing their fine-tuned skillsets with the world. Experts in the obscure “I’d eat powder for dinner. Donut flavored.” – Luca, 10 Westchester, New York Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 70 Living in your own algorithm could create the ultimate life feed, customized to your specific desire to know about subterranean plants or arctic biking. MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING – IN 2025 Living in your own algorithm could create the ultimate life feed, customized to your specific desire to know about subterranean plants or arctic biking. Becoming so narrowly focused, however brilliantly, runs the risk of overlooking other influences that could lead to a richer worldview, and skillset. In China, a tech company is sending cheerleaders to interact with their coders so they can be “motivated” by women – and learn how to talk to them. Sure, they can engineer a motherboard, but a lifelong commitment to their coding practice has alienated them from other basic skills. In youth sports, for example, experts are already warning against too much specialization at a tender age. Kids risk injury and burnout if they specialize in a single sport when they’re young, sports medicine physician Neeru Jayanthi told the Washington Post. Instead, they should have more time for unstructured play and the freedom to pursue a variety of athletics at the same time, he suggests. Whether in sports, work or life, hyper-focusing on one thing can mean you have blinders on to everything outside of your sphere of focus. We may see a world of PhDs who can’t spell – skilled and knowledgeable, but potentially lacking in the balance garnered from other perspectives. Ruled by your own data set, if you don’t know what’s going on next door, what are you possibly missing? Living in your own algorithm Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 72 Ruled by your own data set, what are you possibly missing? MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING – IN 2025 If you didn’t track it, did you really run five miles? The currency of sharing our data and letting it dictate our lives will become more acute in 10 years. Already, digital is causing ‘Pinterest stress’ amongst moms, who can never quite achieve the level of perceived perfection with their own imperfect beauty shots of baked goods. But Gen Z will turn to data for common sense, forgetting that they – and we – had it in the first place. Grown up, Gen Z will go out for a walk in the park, because a study that analyzed the benefits of nature on well-being says walking in the park is good for you. Will they stop to ask themselves, “Didn’t we know this already?” An over-reliance on data for life instructions could lead to the end of common sense. The end of common sense Gen Z will turn to data for common sense, forgetting that they had it in the first place Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 74 An over-reliance on data for life instructions could lead to the end of common sense. MUCH ADO ABOUT ONE THING Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GETS DRESSED CONFLICT TRANSIT DECOMPRESSES WAKES UP BREAKFAST DINNERTIME Mirror projects clothes on reflection, measures vitals and picks his outfit. Sends data to closet where clothes are laid out. Before leaving home, receives frantic video from assistant, AI client is highly distressed. Notified his presence is needed now. Comes home to husband and child. They play Pictionary while keeping score on an electronic white board. Smart bed releases aromas to wake Guillermo up at 5:30. Bed notifies other appliances of his waking. Rushes to hyper loop train for AI Therapist job in Rio de Janeiro. Drinks breakfast from edible packaging. Clicks heels and shoes self-lace. Husband cooks super spicy dinner; taste senses are dulled from overstimulated brain. Vital monitors around house react to favored food’s effect. THE NEW MICROWAVE A day in the life of Gen Z in 2025 Mother Father Jobs Lives Portuguese English AI Therapist Buenos Aires, Argentina GUILLERMO, 26 (YEAR 2025) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 Nothing Lasts Forever, Except You chapter 5 FOR THE LOVE OF IMPERMANENCE GEN Z 2025 Gen Z loves anything that will self-destruct – eventually. They communicate in the short-term with messages that implode within 24 hours. Gen Z are on a variety of social platforms – 71% say they’re on more the one (Pew). They’re attracted to the likes of Snapchat and Periscope, where they can dwell in the moment. Forty- one percent of teens are on Snapchat (Pew), and much to their horror, moms are joining Snapchat now, too. What’s said today is toast tomorrow. Gen Z exist, snap, like, love, and thrive today, knowing that tomorrow can change. And what they do share is an exercise in thinking before acting and cloaked in privacy. We used to have letters, photographs and maybe even folded notes leftover from middle school to build the history of a person. But with the frenzied, curated, and highly impermanent imprint on digital, what will Gen Z leave behind? A snippet of a story, but one with many blanks to fill. NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU What’s said today is toast tomorrow Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 78 TEENS SAY THEY “DON’T LIKE THINGS THAT LAST FOREVER ONLINE” OF TEENS SHARE LOVE OR RELATIONSHIP DETAILS ONLINE OF 10- TO 18-YEAR-OLDS HAVE WITNESSED ONLINE BULLYING 55% ONLY 12% 87% NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU THIS MESSAGE WILL SELF-DESTRUCT, BUT WILL YOU? Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. I impermanence GEN Z 2025 - NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU Gen Z are attracted to impermanence: 55% say they “don’t like things that last forever online” (Cassandra Report Digest). Given their penchant for exploring different personas and that 25% of them are “almost constantly” online (Pew), it makes sense. Gen Z have come of age understanding the consequences of their digital choices. Too much sharing can only feed the online sharks. Eighty-seven percent of 10- to 18-year-olds have witnessed online bullying (McAfee). Consequently, Gen Z are carefully treading the digital waters. And when it comes to sharing relationships, they’re more likely to keep their teen crushes and love triangles closer to the heart than online. Teens aged 13 to 17 now share less information (12%) about their love lives or relationships than their older peers (26%) aged 18 to 22 (eMarketer). Their love of all things impermanent is a reflection of their time: the speed of change in digital, of 24/7 news cycles, of YouTube celebrities like PewDiePie, who just passed 10 billion views on his channel. The world has shown Gen Z that everything is morphing at the speed of the internet, and so are they. I impermanence 55% of teens say they “don’t like things that last forever online” Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 81 Teens are sharing less love online GEN Z 2025 - NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. Nothing Lasts Forever, Except You In 2025 FROM ASHES TO DATA DUST YOUR BRAIN UPLOAD IS COMPLETE NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU – IN 2025 As Gen Z become adults, and one day, grandparents, what will they leave behind for posterity? It’s human nature to want to leave an imprint, after all. Gen Z’s grandkids could be accessing Grandma’s files to find out what she did on her birthday when she was their age – if they can find that information. As our individual data imprints grow, and spiral into oblivion, the need to archive reality will become very real. Jobs such as Digital Death Curators could ultimately determine what will be left of you. Unless, of course, Gen Z grandma leaves behind instructions in her data will. From ashes to data dust Jobs like Digital Death Curators could determine what you leave behind Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 84 “If we can control computers with our brains, they can control our memories as well.” – ELSA, 12 HELSINKI, FINLAND NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 NOTHING LASTS FOREVER, EXCEPT YOU – IN 2025 If IBM can build a digital rat brain, we could see human brain replicas in the future. Already, scientists are teaching robots to mimic human emotions. AMC’s show “Humans,” for instance, portrays a world where robots aspire to human consciousness, with scary repercussions. Some younger Gen Zers think they might even marry one (a robot, that is) some day. The possibility of sharing not just your Saturday night selfies, but entire lives for posterity is out there. Your brain upload is complete Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 86 GEN Z 2025 The New Microwave the end - chapter 6 THE SPEED OF CULTURE ENDS GENERATIONS AS WE KNOW IT “In the future, I would travel on a robot unicorn.” - ELISABETH, AGE 10 GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN THE NEW MICROWAVE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 In 1965, Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of Intel, predicted that semiconductor technology would become faster, smaller and double in efficiency every year. His prediction held true for several decades, and we have him to thank for many digital innovations closely linked to his theory: memory capacity, sensors and even the number of pixels on your phone. Today, technology that can fit into a wearable smart ring used to require a room-sized computer to hold. Tech is permeating all our spaces, even the great outdoors. The first humanoid robot, Atlas, just took a walk outside in the woods. It may be at your front door next. It’s not technology that humans are adapting, but humans who are changing with the speed of tech. Instead of more spare time, we’re packing more in to become more knowledgeable, more capable and sustain our infinite connections. When years race by in a day, there is no pause button. And the need to reflect opens the door to digital detox. When we consider the span of a 15-year- generation, we’re on the cusp of compressing that time into much smaller, overlapping and evolving pieces. No longer will you be able to pinpoint generations according to neatly confined categories of demographics. Instead, they’ll be connected globally and through evolving influences. Tomorrow will be less about what a difference a generation makes, but more about what a difference a day makes. Propelled by the very speed of culture, our very understanding of generational shifts will be compressed, creating generations within generations. We call them the new microwave generations. THE NEW MICROWAVE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 89 It’s not technology that humans are adapting, but humans who are changing with the speed of tech. THE NEW MICROWAVE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 THE NEW MICROWAVE A few years is enough of a gulf to create new behaviors. Looking at twitter use among teens, for example, the 13-year-olds are rejecting, instead of embracing, the ways of their 17-year- old peers. Only 13% of the younger group are on twitter, compared to 44% of 17-year-olds (Pew). Gen Zers are finding ways to hack the norm, with their own special twist. If social sites are banned in schools, they’ve learned to use Evernote – allowed in schools – as an alternative in-school social network. And in China, teens are reverse-coding emojis into code copy to create their own unique language, one that their parents can’t understand. Hacking the old for the new 13-YEAR-OLDS TWITTER USE AMONG 17-YEAR-OLDS 13% 44% Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 91 GEN Z 2025 THE NEW MICROWAVE The speed of culture is accelerating by the minute. We’re racing against time and mutating our bodies in the process. Whether that’s taking stimulants to amp up our metabolism to do more in a day, power-napping at work so we can produce faster, or eating in liquid format. Even the pleasure of deciding what to eat can add to the decision fatigue of your day. And in this economy of efficiencies, even therapy is finding new forms. A call for emotional help is minutes away, where it was once hours or years of in- person therapy. Now, you can text a number for a support network, or post just the right-angled shot with a pithy capture for instant mood- boosting likes. Buoyed by digital, our worlds are perpetually amped. Rapid cultural shifts will compress a generation into a .zip file of a few years, months or moments. We’ll have to keep up to understand the overlapping influences of not just one generation at at time, but of a constantly in-flux, innovative, wow-inducing global collective. Spearheaded by Gen Z, the very speed of culture is being floored. They are the Final Generation. Speed up to keep up Buoyed by digital, our worlds are perpetually amped Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 92 Spearheaded by Gen Z, the very speed of culture is being floored. THE NEW MICROWAVE Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. CLARA, 21 (YEAR 2025) FASHION PORTFOLIO LUNCH TIME RELAXES MORNING ROUTINE TUTORS LECTURES BEDTIME ROUTINE Mother Father Studies Jobs Lives Moroccan Japanese Biotech and Fashion AI Assistant, Tutor Los Angeles, California Clara tries outfits on using projection mapping, uploads photos to fashion platform cloud. Goes to an automated cafe with her classmates. Punches in lunch order, catches up with her friends while food is delivered by drone. Reaches out to friends in Japan, France and Russia to gush about the 35th season finale of Law & Order. Wakes up by personal robotic maid. Adjusts retinal sensors to account for increased light. Tutors a 9th grader in Singapore while working as an assistant to AI Therapist in Buenos Aires. Teleports to school, gets to lecture, takes notes on her microchip, watching virtual professor teach. Shuts off wearables, changes, and lays in smart bed that reads vitals and optimal sleeping mode. Sends message to boy- crush, Odin. THE NEW MICROWAVE A day in the life of Gen Z in 2025 Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. GEN Z 2025 generation z 2025: the final generation sparks & honey culture forecast reports.sparksandhoney.com @sparksandhoney research & cultural intelligence Sarah Davanzo Chief Cultural Strategy Officer Larisa Kluchman Director of Cultural Listening Dan Gould Senior Cultural Strategist Tara Nooyi Cultural Strategist Zikun Wu Content Analyst creative & editorial Eric Kwan Tai Lau Senior Art Director Anna Sofia Martin Senior Writer Ariela Anelli Senior Art Director Barbara Herman Senior Writer Ely Ess Art Director Melisa Itez Contributor Rina Svet Video Editor agency & consultancy Paul Butler Chief Operation Officer Mike Lanzi Chief Client Officer Tim Ettus Managing Director, West Coast Sean Mahoney Editorial Director Camilo La Cruz Head of Content Terry Young CEO & Founder Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 95 GEN Z 2025 METHODOLOGY For Gen Z 2025, sparks & honey surveyed 1,000 13- to 17-year-olds in the US about the future of work, money, technology and education. Using new social listening tools, we gauged Gen Z’s affinity for education and social advocacy issues. We also spoke to kids and teens from around the world, capturing and sharing their vision of the future in their own words. Together with the sparks & honey global scout network and our proprietary cultural intelligence system, we combed through thousands of signals to build a vision of Gen Z from today to 2025. Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 96 GEN Z 2025 SOURCES sparks & honey Adecco, The Difference Between Gen Z and Millennials in the Workplace (2015) Ars Technica, Massachusetts parents cite shaky science in lawsuit over Wi-Fi network, (2015) BBC, Many young people addicted to internet, survey suggests (2014) Bureau of Labor Statistics Cassandra Report Digest: Generations Y & Z Seek Ephemerality Online (2014) Census, 2010 Census Brief CNN, 14-year-old diagnosed with ‘text neck’ (2015) Digiday, Uh-oh creatives: This art director is 12 and coming for you (2015) Discovery, Is Too Much Social Media Use Bad for Teen Health? (2015) Elle, Inside the weird, wild, very real world of teenage finstagram (2015) EMC and IDC, Digital Universe Study, 2014 eMarketer: Digital Natives Still Spend More Time With Traditional Media (2015) eMarketer, Teens, Young Adults Think Peers Share Too Much Online (2014) eMarketer: When do parents give into kids’ pleas for devices? (2015) Fast Company, Here’s Why The Freelancer Economy Is On The Rise (2015) Fast Company, The Newest Eating Disorder to (Maybe) Enter the DSM: Orthorexia (2015) Fast Company, Yes, anti-facial recognition glasses are coming (2015) FastCo Exist, What Is Generation Z, And What Does It Want? (2015) FiveThirtyEight, The Shift From Low Wage Worker to Robot Worker 2014) Harvard Business Review, Why Today’s Teens Are More Entrepreneurial Than Their Parents (2015) Intern Sushi/Creative Artists Agency MarketWatch, 10 Things Generation X Won’t Tell You (2015) McAfee, Cyberbullying Triples According to New McAfee “2014 Teens and the Screen study” (2014) Millennial Branding, High School Careers (2014) Mintel, Activities of kids and teens (2013) National Geographic, Poll Finds Generation Gap on Energy Issues as Millennials Voice Climate Concerns (2014) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 97 GEN Z 2025 SOURCES National Home Education Research Institute, Research Facts on Homeschooling (2015) New York Magazine, Why Moms Love Snapchat (2015) New York Times, Atlas, a Humanoid Robot, Takes a Walk in the Woods (2015) Nieman Reports, The Value of Slow Journalism in the Age of Instant Information (2015) Northeastern University, Meet Generation Z (2015) Pew Research, Less than half of U.S. kids today live in ‘traditional’ family (2014) Pew Research, 6 takeaways about teen friendships in the digital age (2015) Pew Research, Teens, Social Media, and Technology (2015) Pew Research, Teens, Social Media and Privacy (2013) Pew Global, Climate Change Seen as Top Global Threat (2015) PLOS One, Gait Pattern Alterations During Walking, Texting and Walking and Texting during Cognitively Distractive Tasks while Projectsecretidentity.org Negotiating Common Pedestrian Obstacles (2015) Quartz, An entire generation of young American workers is missing crucial skills (2015) Quartz, IBM has built a digital rate brain that could power tomorrow’s smartphones (2015) Rolling Stone, Meet the Teenage Indigenous Hip-Hop Artist Taking on Climate Change (2015) Stylus, Gen Z Influence Parents (2015) Telegraph UK, Chinese teen chops hand off to ‘cure’ internet addiction (2015) The Atlantic, They Finally Built George Costanza’s Desk (2015) The Daily Dot, There’s a new condition afflicting moms (2015) The Guardian, Send aliens modern messages of Earth’s equality and diversity, says scientists (2015) The Guardian, Waste not want not: the art of trash cooking (2015) The Independent, Tech firms in China hire ‘pretty’ female cheerleaders to ‘motivate’ male programmers (2015) The Telegraph, ‘Do you like my eel skin purse and pray-on dress?’ (2015) The Washington Post, Too much practice and specialization can hurt instead of help child athletes (2014) The Washington Post, YouTube-taught javelin thrower Julius Yego wins gold at world championships (2015) U.S. News & World Report, Why Some Seniors Are Upsizing in Retirement Wired UK, ‘Gadget allergy’ disability recognised by French court (2015) Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 98 GEN Z 2025 IMAGES Matthew Wiebe, cover, unsplash Anoop Kumar, flickr David D, flickr Ray, flickr Anna Sofia Martin, instagram Moyan Brenn, flickr Julia Cesar, unsplash Fabrizio Sciami, flickr Norbert Eder, flickr Je.T., flickr Frederick Ranninger, flickr Jordan Sanchez, unsplash GlynLowe, flickr Sonny Abesamis, flickr Copyright © 2015 sparks & honey. All rights reserved. 99 GEN Z 2025 No parts of this publication may be reproduced, copied, distributed or transmitted in any form without the permission of sparks & honey. © 2015 sparks & honey, LLC. All rights reserved. Elearning Techniques: Visual Design Millennials and Brands, A Complicated Affair Tempo OMD Hellas SA Over 100 Eye Opening Stats About Generation Z Gregg L. Witt Hot Cinema Program February2017 Meet Generation Z: Forget Everything You Learned About Millennials Trends 2019: Strangers in a Strange Land Truth, Trust and The Future of Commerce 2018 Trends Brief	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2540
__label__wiki	0.939592	0.939592	Bagley Cartoon: Fer Heck’s Sake — Get Out! (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, April 11, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Wednesday, April 10, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon, titled Radical Extremists, appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on... (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Sunday, April 7, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Friday, April 5, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, April 4, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Wednesday, April 3, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon, titled Troubling Downturn, appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on... This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Sunday, March 31, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Friday, March 29, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, March 29, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, April 11, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Wednesday, April 10, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon, titled Radical Extremists, appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Tuesday, April 9, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Sunday, April 7, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Friday, April 5, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, April 4, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Wednesday, April 3, 2019. (Pat Bagley \| The Salt Lake Tribune) This Pat Bagley cartoon, titled Troubling Downturn, appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Tuesday, April 2, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Sunday, March 31, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Friday, March 29, 2019. This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, March 29, 2019. By Pat Bagley · Published: April 10 This Pat Bagley cartoon appears in The Salt Lake Tribune on Thursday, April 11, 2019. You can check out the past 10 Bagley editorial cartoons below: The Name Caller Radical Extremists Official Mugging Church Approved The Brexit Knight National Security Crisis Troubling Downturn GOP Health Care to Die For Medicaid Expansion of Our Own Design Millennial’s World Want more Bagley? Become a fan on Facebook. bagley@sltrib.com twitter Follow @patbagley Harry Litman: Stevens was appointed by a Republican. But he had an independent streak. By Harry Litman \| The Washington Post • 16h ago Ted Lieu: I have served in the Air Force and Congress. People still tell me to ‘go back’ to China. By Ted Lieu \| Special to The Washington Post • 17h ago Leonard Pitts: Holocaust is a fact, not a belief By Leonard Pitts \| The Miami Herald • 22h ago By Kathy Stephenson • 15m ago	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2541
__label__cc	0.701932	0.298068	SmartNewHomes Home UK's #1 place for new homes SmartNewHomes > Angus > Browse the sitemap for DD9 DD9 new homes Facebook - opens in a new window Twitter - opens in a new window Google - opens in a new window Pinterest - opens in a new window What is the Help to Buy equity loan? It's a loan that's linked to the rise and fall in the value of your home. If you take a 20% equity loan for example, the amount you owe will always represent 20% of the property's value. You won't be charged loan fees on the equity loan for the first five years of owning your home. After five years you will be required to pay an interest fee of 1.75% of the amount of your Help to Buy shared equity loan at the time you purchased your property, rising each year after that by the increase (if any) in the Retail Prices Index (RPI) plus 1%. The loan itself is repayable after 25 years or on the sale of the property if earlier. Help to Buy in England and London https://www.helptobuy.gov.uk/equity-loan/equity-loans/ Help to Buy in Scotland https://www.mygov.scot/help-to-buy/ Help to Buy in Wales http://helptobuywales.co.uk/	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2542
__label__cc	0.532067	0.467933	Bikes Review 2018 Honda CBR650F Review Loknath Das May 24, 2018 Bikes Review No Comments The Honda CBR650F is the most affordable full-faired in-line four in the market right now The Honda CBR650F offers a great beginner’s sportbike The CBR650F is priced at Rs. 7.3 lakh (ex-showroom) The CBR650F has gentle performance with confident handling On paper, the Honda CBR650F does sound like the perfect “first” sportbike – full-faired ‘near superbike’ design, a performance-packed, liquid-cooled, in-line four cylinder engine, and near bullet-proof Japanese reliability. First launched in 2015, the CBR650F was a decent selling ‘big bike’ from Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India (HMSI), but it couldn’t quite make waves in the market, with stiff competition from a crop of high-octane performance nakeds like the Triumph Street Triple, as well as the Kawasaki Z800. For 2018, the Honda CBR650F makes a comeback in its Euro4 version, and boasts of being the most affordable, full-faired, in-line four available in the market today. Honda CBR 650F The 2018 Honda CBR650F gets mildly updated design and new colours For riders who have cut their teeth on smaller motorcycles like Bajaj Pulsars and KTMs, this Honda makes a very strong case for itself as the near-perfect upgrade to a first multi-cylinder, full-faired sportbike. But does it pack the goods to differentiate it from the crop of ‘very good’ sub-10 lakh performance bikes in the market to make it a ‘great’ bike? We spend some time with the new 2018 Honda CBR650F and seek some answers. The most visible design change is the all-new LED headlight Looks and Design The 2018 Honda CBR650F doesn’t look radically different from the outgoing model. The fairing has been mildly reworked and the CBR650F gets new graphics, and is available in two new colours, called Millenium Red and Matte Gunpowder Metallic Black (the colour of our test bike). The biggest noticeable change is the all-new LED headlamp, LED taillamp and bronze-coloured engine crankcases. The instrument panel is the same dual digital clock arrangement as the previous model; we wish it was updated with a new panel, and the addition of a gear position indicator. The CBR650F still gets the dual-digital clocks, but a gear position indicator is missed Overall, the Honda CBR650F may not be breathtakingly beautiful, but it ticks all the right boxes in terms of build quality and well-proportionate looks. It’s understated, yes, but the new colour schemes and the LED headlight add fresh appeal to the CBR650F. The 649 cc, in-line four engine offers smooth and gentle power delivery The 2018 Honda CBR650F carries forward the same 649 cc, in-line four cylinder engine, and with the tune-ups to meet the latest emission regulations, power and torque have marginally decreased over the outgoing model, now putting out over 85 bhp at 11,000 rpm and 60.5 Nm of peak torque at 8,500 rpm. It still feels familiar as the outgoing model, but what is immediately apparent is the improvement in the sound, thanks to the new intake and exhaust flow management. The air intake funnels are shorter and four-into-one exhaust now employs a dual-pass internal structure as well as a larger final exit aperture. And the difference is noticeable, not just in the sound, but the mid-range feels stronger and punchier than before. Plush ride quality and neutral handling complement the gentle power delivery of the Honda CBR650F The CBR650R offers a smooth and gentle power delivery, much like my friend in school who consistently topped the class, and was the quiet, impeccably behaved kind of guy, the darling of all the teachers. Sixth gear pulls cleanly from below 40 kmph, and 2,000 revs, so in the city, the bike feels and behaves in gentlemanly fashion, opening doors for others to go first, never raising its voice, quite like my soft-spoken, and mild-mannered colleague, Kingshuk. But make no mistake, that in-line four has enough performance to hit the double ton in no time, and if you’re the racetrack junkie, it can easily do more than 220 kmph, if you’re so inclined to post GoPro footage on your social handles of how much you scored in, Maths, er, on the backstraight of your nearest racetrack with the CBR650F. The engine has enough punch to easily cross more than 220 kmph That said, where the CBR650F really shines is out on the highway. The comfortable ergonomics and superb ride quality and stability make it an excellent mile-muncher, and it returns consistently good fuel economy, if you’re not overtly enthusiastic with the use of the throttle hand. Gentle use returned over 19 kmpl in our test runs, and even with spirited riding, the CBR650F’s fuel consumption never fell below 17 kmpl. On the flipside, the engine may be smooth at low revs, but the mid-range (which you’ll be using mostly), does feel ever so slightly buzzy, which magically seems to disappear when you hit the powerband, which kicks in quite high, north of 7,000 revs. The engine is free-revving and will happily rev to 11,000 through the gears, before the rev limiter kicks in. And that’s when the in-line four whine sounds like the way it should. One moment, it’s all gentlemanly, and the next it turns into a full-fledged super sprinter! The Honda CBR650F always feels in control and offers rock solid stability Handling and Ride Quality The 2018 Honda CBR650F also gets a new front fork. The 41 mm, Showa Dual Bending Valve fork provides supple performance, and damping across all kinds of road conditions we threw at the CBR650F. Handling is neutral, and the bike offers a level of stability, even when leaned over, that will be welcomed and appreciated by newer riders. For the more adventurous kind, the engine isn’t frantic, and neither is the handling overtly sporty or dramatic, but that isn’t a bad thing, and you feel safe and always in control, no matter the conditions or the curve you throw at the CBR650F. The 2018 Honda CBR650F absolutely shines as a highway companion For someone upgrading to their first sportbike, the 2018 Honda CBR650F definitely is a very good option. It’s street friendly, has comfortable ergonomics and is absolutely brilliant on the highway. With all its updates, Honda has kept the price the same as the outgoing model, and the new CBR650F retails at ₹ 7.3 lakh (ex-showroom Delhi). But that is also the price range where the CBR650F comes up in comparison with two wildly entertaining performance nakeds, the Suzuki GSX-S750 and the Kawasaki Z900, both of which offer spades in performance. But what the Honda’s trump card is, its easygoing and unintimidating nature, and more importantly, its pocket friendly maintenance costs. [“Source-auto.ndtv”] FIRST RIDE / REVIEW By Loknath Das October 6, 2017 Mutt RS-13 review: 125cc air-cooled bike ... The best commuter bikes you can ... By Loknath Das March 31, 2019	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2543
__label__cc	0.689295	0.310705	Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kingsbury - Grand Opening - Day 3 The third day of Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kingsbury Grand Opening festival, Friday 23rd August (2014) started with darshan of Lord SwaminarayanBapa Swamibapa's darshan resplendent in golden paag in the new Kingsbury Mandir. Disciples on whose behalf parayan were being recited were blessed with Acharya Swamishree Maharaj's darshan, before leading him in his chariot to the Sabha Mandap, where the parayan vidhi (rituals) were completed. Following the receipt of guest, Acharya Swamishree blessed the congregation with his divine ashirwad. One of Europe’s largest and greatest cities is London. The greatest Lord, Supreme Almighty Lord Shree Swaminarayan, will soon arrive with His mukta mandal to make this mandir His newest eternal home. We have invited everyone to join us in these historic celebrations, and those who have understood the greatness of Jeevanpran Shree Muktajeevan Swamibapa have come running here from countries all across the world. They are now experiencing the divine ecstasies of this Mahotsav. Yesterday, we saw a wonderful musical drama production put on by disciples. These types of dramas, which, alongside comedy, reveal spiritual knowledge, were popular during Lord Shree Swaminarayan’s time on this Earth. They were then forgotten for years until they were revived by our Gurudev Jeevanpran Swamibapa. The Lord is extremely pleased with all of the disciples who partook in this production, and He showers them all with blessings so that they may perform this type of devotion and seva throughout their entire lives, just as they did to prepare this production. The Lord is extremely pleased with all of the disciples who have sponsored grand parayans in honor of this Mahotsav, four of which have concluded today. He showers His blessings upon them to continue performing this type of loving devotion in order to please the Lord. Today in London, we are swimming in Jeevanpran Swamibapa’s ocean of love. Even though there was nothing special within us, Swamibapa called us to Him, remembered us every minute, showered us with love, and made us His children. The paramount glory of the Lord and His satpurush may only be understood by a knowledgeable soul. One such knowledgeable person was England’s Lord Bishop Heber, a talented scholar, artist, writer and debater who had been sent to India by the British government to spread the Christian religion throughout India. Bishop Heber had come to learn from Vadodara resident Mister Williams that Lord Shree Swaminarayan had transformed the lives of uncivilized people, leading them from the path of amorality onto the path of morality, non-violence, and religion. Lord Shree Swaminarayan has transformed the worst of villages into the best and most righteous villages. Upon hearing these divine wonders of Lord Shree Swaminarayan, Bishop Heber had the desire to meet Him. He humbly requested to meet the Lord, and the Lord lovingly accepted. Just as great scholars of our time are enlightened upon hearing about the glory of Jeevanpran Shree Muktajeevan Swamibapa, Bishop Heber was enlightened upon hearing about the glory of Lord Shree Swaminarayan. Lord Shree Swaminarayan was able to attract people of all different religions, races, and backgrounds with His gentle character, welcoming nature, and love. Bishop Heber had never seen nor heard of anything like this before. Such was the unsurpassed glory of Lord Shree Swaminarayan. Lord Shree Swaminarayan and Bishop Heber met in person on Saturday, 26 March 1825. During this meeting, Bishop Heber had 50 men on horseback and 50 men armed with spears, and Lord Shree Swaminarayan had 200 men carrying various arms and weapons. Bishop Heber thought to himself that if the two armies were to battle, his army of 100 was smaller, but more professional and skilled, and, therefore, it would surely win. However, Bishop Heber’s men were there because they had to be; this was how they made their living. They knew nothing whatsoever about Bishop Heber. On the other hand, Lord Shree Swaminarayan’s men were there because they were devoted to Him, and they sincerely wanted to protect Him; they were His disciples. If someone even touched Lord Shree Swaminarayan’s clothing in the wrong way, His men would fight until the very last drop of blood in order to protect the Lord. In that aspect, which army was superior? Bishop Heber thought to himself that surely, it was Lord Shree Swaminarayan’s. Bishop Heber also noted that the manner in which Lord Shree Swaminarayan, as a spiritual leader, transformed the lives of His followers in India (i.e. via His kind and loving nature) should inspire and encourage Christian leaders to practice that same gentle nature and love with their own followers. We are celebrating the arrival of that very same impressive and supreme Lord Shree Swaminarayan to this magnificent new mandir of His. Upon seeing everyone’s love and devotion during this Mahotsav, Jeevanpran Swamibapa is sweetly smiling down upon us all. During today’s celebrations, let us pray to Lord Swaminarayanbapa Swamibapa to give us the knowledge, strength, and devotion to become enlightened and inspired by the Lord’s glory just as Bishop Heber had become. In this way, we may become Sahajanand-Sinh, the Lord’s lions, who forever roar His glory. 3 Swamibapa Gujarati Schools have a great time at Inflata Nation 5 Fuldolotsav 2019 at Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kingsbury	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2546
__label__wiki	0.958377	0.958377	Police fire guns in hospital Sri Lankan police, who brought the bodies of two of their colleges to the Kaluwanchikudy hospital, fired indiscriminately within the hospital premises, damaging an ambulance parked there said Mr.Pon.Selvarajah, a Member of Parliament for the Batticaloa District. The dead policemen had been killed in attack at Paddiruppu bridge on Monday. In a letter sent on Tuesday, to Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) for the Batticaloa District, the MP has strongly condemned the act of the police personnel and said that it was a violation of internationally recognised humanitarian rules and regulations. The two policemen were killed when suspected members of the Liberation Tigers fired at a check post at Paddiruppu bridge in Kaluwanchikudy, 35 km. south of Batticaloa, on Monday. Police reinforcements which arrived at the scene fired at random, injuring a civilian who was identified as Samythamby Kopalan,50, of Kovil Porathivu, the MP said. Later the policemen brought the bodies to the Kaluwanchikudy hospital, continuing to fire at random, the MP alleged in his letter to the SSP. Patients and hospital staffs were panicked by the incident, the MP said further. In separate incident a young man was reported abducted by unidentified men in plain cloths on Saturday. Poopalapillai Nantheeswaran,21, was returning home after delivering milk at a milk-collecting centre at the Mannampiddy junction when men in civilian cloths in a white van dragged him into the vehicle and drove away, witnesses said. His relatives have complained to the MP that Sri Lankan security forces were responsible for the abduction. However, the police and the army have told the relatives that they did not arrest Nantheeswaran.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2551
__label__wiki	0.984859	0.984859	Soundcheck - Music Reviews SoundBytes: Julia Michaels, Backstreet Boys, Pete Yorn, Candlebox and more Catch up on today's Tampa Bay concert announcements. Julia Michaels. Photo by Catie Laffoon. By Jay Cridlin Published November 13 2018 — Hit singer-songwriter Julia Michaels (Issues) will open for Pink on March 3 at Amalie Arena in Tampa. Click here. — In case you missed it, the Backstreet Boys are coming to Orlando on Aug. 24. Tickets are $26 and up. Click here. — Country singer-songwriter David Lee Murphy (Dust On the Bottle) will headline a free concert at Jannus Live on Dec. 15, alongside Josh Gracin and Haley and Michaels. Click here. — Also coming to Jannus Live: Yonder Mountain String Band on Feb. 16. Click here. — Another one at Jannus Live: Candlebox on March 14. Click here. — And, yes, one more at Jannus (busy week there!): Hippie Sabotage on March 16. Click here. — Singer-songwriter (and occasional Scarlett Johansson collaborator) Pete Yorn is coming to Crowbar on Jan. 26. Click here. — Karl Denson's Tiny Universe, with Stanton Moore and Kenneth Crouch, will perform at the Orpheum on Jan. 12. Click here. — Also coming to the Orpheum: Ska outfit the Interrupters on March 9. Click here. — Country comic and radio personality Cledus T. Judd has rescheduled his performance at the Straz Center from Dec. 1 until March 31, and it's also been rebranded "The Southern Momma Cledus T. Judd Comedy Experience," featuring Red Squirrel and Gary Cargal. Click here. — Jay Cridlin Jay Cridlin Entertainment Critic	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2552
__label__cc	0.539276	0.460724	Campus Safety Update re: Arson Incident There have been several news reports recently regarding former student Tnuza Hassan. These accounts are a result of a court filing last Friday by Assistant U.S. Attorney Andrew Winter and an arraignment hearing yesterday. These reports provided details from a memo in the filing about Hassan's travels and activities, including that she allegedly may have “hid out on the campus of St. Catherine University before she resurfaced” on January 17. Winter requested that she remain in custody, which a federal judge approved at her arraignment yesterday. We know from conversations with authorities that they have no evidence anyone else at St. Kate’s is involved, nor is there a current threat to public safety. However, we are concerned about the possibility that Hassan may have hidden on campus. As such, the University has secured external assistance to collect an accurate, unbiased assessment of our safety procedures. This assessment will be used to inform any procedural changes or updates that may be needed. "We understand this is a challenging situation for our community, and appreciate your continued support as we work through this situation as it unfolds," said President Becky Roloff. "We are extremely grateful for the quick and thorough response of law enforcement officials, Residence Life, and our Public Safety team to ensure our campuses and our community are safe." Arson Incident Update, Feb. 7 Update on Arson Incident. Jan. 18 Community Update Regarding Campus Incident, Jan. 17	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2555
__label__wiki	0.746789	0.746789	Local roundup: Neiszner wins Saskatchewan junior women's golf title Local roundup: Regina's Autumn Neiszner wins Saskatchewan junior women's golf championship Regina's Autumn Neiszner dominated the field at the Saskatchewan junior women's golf championship, winning by nine strokes. More from Regina Leader-Post Regina's Autumn Neiszner, shown in this file photo, won the Saskatchewan junior women's golf championship on Thursday in Nipawin. Liam Richards / Saskatoon StarPhoenix Autumn Neiszner of Regina is the 2019 Saskatchewan junior women’s golf champion. Neiszner had a three-round score of 230 — 14-over-par — at the 69th annual event, which concluded Thursday in Nipawin. Lauren Fox of Creighton finished second, nine strokes off the pace. Also in Nipawin, Jace Carlisle of Estevan won the provincial junior men’s title. He shot a five-over-par 221. He finished Thursday’s final round with a two-under-par 70. Steven Duchscher of Saskatoon was in second place at 227. Wesley Moss went 4-for-6 with four runs scored as the Regina Red Sox defeated the Yorkton Cardinals 18-5 in Western Canadian Baseball League action Thursday at Jubilee Park. Moss, Willie Estrada, Samuel De La Cruz and Robbie Wilkes each drove in two runs to help the Red Sox improve their record to 22-10. Wilkes had three hits. Rio Russell had three runs scored and three walks for Regina. Yorkton’s Matthew Korman had two hits and two RBI. Thursday’s victory moved the Red Sox to within one game of the first-place Weyburn Beavers (22-8) in the Eastern Division. The Red Sox then looked ahead to Friday and Saturday night games at Tom Laing Park in Weyburn. Regina Rogues defeated the Campion Grads 53-38 in Regina Rugby Union senior men’s Division 1 action Thursday at Regina Rugby Park.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2557
__label__wiki	0.7446	0.7446	Trafficking in Women Global Violence against Women and Girls Ongoing Developments Forms of Domestic Violence Theories of Violence Prevalence of Domestic Violence Effects of Domestic Violence Women's Use of Violence Animal Abuse and Domestic Violence LGBTQ Domestic Violence Technology-Assisted Domestic Violence Evolution of Theories of Violence Other Causes and Complicating Factors Myths About Alcohol Effects on Children Community Costs of Domestic Violence HIV/AIDS and Other STIs Domestic Violence and Housing Resources for Domestic Violence and Housing Issues Inter-Agency Response Victim Protection, Support and Assistance Systems Actors Orders for Protection Child Custody and Family Law Issues Batterers' Intervention Programs Lobbying and Community Education Goals and Strategies of an Inter-Agency Response Inter-Agency Response Participants Benefits of Coordination Adapting the Duluth Model Advocacy Guidelines Advocacy Approaches Lethal and Extremely Dangerous Behavior Lethality Assessments Shelters and Safehouses Crisis Centers and Hotlines Role of Police Role of the Judiciary Role of Health Care Providers Forensic Medical Systems Law Enforcement Reform Determining the Predominant Aggressor Officer-Involved Domestic Violence Prosecutorial Reform Judicial Education and Support Specialized Domestic Violence Court Systems Court Monitoring Programs Domestic Fatality Review Boards Confidentiality and Support Screening and Referral Creating a Health Care Response Child Custody Issues Role of Child Protection Services Protective Orders and Child Custody Divorce and Child Custody Parenting Time and Domestic Violence Child Protective Services and Domestic Violence The Hague Convention and Domestic Violence Counseling and Treatment Influential US Batterers' Intervention Programs Effectiveness of Batterers' Intervention Programs Batterers' Intervention Programs in CEE/FSU Countries International Domestic Violence Law Regional Law and Standards Sample National Domestic Violence Laws Protocols and Policies Methodology for Monitoring the Implementation of Domestic Violence Laws Drafting Laws on Domestic Violence UN Treaties on Domestic Violence UN Resolutions on Domestic Violence UN Conference Documents on Domestic Violence Domestic Violence: Special Rapporteur State Responsibility for Domestic Violence International Domestic Violence Resources Council of Europe - Istanbul Convention Council of Europe - European Convention on Human Rights Council of Europe - Resolutions Surveys of National Laws U.S. Law Police Protocols Prosecution Protocols Health Care Protocols Protocols for Victim Support and Assistance Training and Advocacy Sex Trafficking and Safe Harbor Resource Pack What Is Trafficking in Women? Prevalence of Trafficking in Women Causes and Contributing Factors Effects and Consequences Trafficking Routes Trafficking Violates Women's Human Rights Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation Labor Trafficking and Forced Labor Exploitation Debt Bondage and Trafficking in Women Distinguishing Trafficking from Migration Demand for Women's Sexual Services The Search for a Better Life and Desire to Travel Domestic Violence as a Cause of Trafficking in Women Conflict Zones and Militarization Government Policies and Practices Health Consequences of Trafficking Legal Consequences of Trafficking Global Consequences of Trafficking Trafficking and HIV/AIDS Protection, Support and Assistance of Victims Prevention of Trafficking in Women Return and Reintegration Common Reactions Education and Awareness Raising Training Programs and Technical Cooperation International Trafficking Law Drafting Laws on Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls UN Human Trafficking Law Trafficking and Women's Human Rights The Trafficking Protocol and Recent Initiatives UN Peacekeeping Missions and Trafficking UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Slavery Stability Pact What is Sexual Harassment in the Workplace? Theories of Sexual Harassment Prevalence of Sexual Harassment Effects of Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment Occurs at the Work Site or in a Work Related Environment Sexual Harassment is Conduct Based on Sex or of a Sexual Nature Sexual Harassment is Conduct that is Unwelcome or Unwanted Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment Sexual Harassment that Creates a Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment and the Subordination of Women Sexual Harassment is an Affront to Dignity Violence and Power Perpetuation of Gender Stereotypes Economic Power Over Women Prevention Mechanisms, Policies and Strategies Monitoring Workplace Practices and Enforcing Sexual Harassment Law Employer Responsibilities: Sexual Harassment Policies, Trainings and Complaint Procedures The Role of Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining Media and Communication Strategies for Ending Sexual Harassment Approaches to Gender Equality/ Equal Opportunity Institutions Allowing NGOs to Bring Litigation on Behalf of Victims Domestic Legal Framework List of Law and Policy Documents Drafting Laws on Sexual Harassment UN Conventions UN Conference Documents DEVAW International Labor Organization European Union Treaty Charter Obligations 1976 Equal Treatment Directive and 2002 Sexual Harassment Amendment Directive on Reversal of the Burden of Proof in Sex Discrimination Cases EU Council and Parliamentary Resolutions EU Commission Code of Practice on Measures to Combat Sexual Harassment Defining Sexual Harassment Approaches to and Remedies under Sexual Harassment Law Employer Liability Standards Barriers to Effective Enforcement of Sexual Harassment Law Guidelines for Drafting Sexual Harassment Laws Domestic Legal Framework Around the World Advocacy and Training What is Sexual Assault? Prevalence of Sexual Assault Forms of Sexual Assault Consequences of Sexual Assault Consent, Force and Coercion Types of Sexual Contact Theories of Sexual Assault Sexual Assault and Vulnerable Populations Sexual Assault and Male Dominance Sexual Assault and Cultural Norms Sexual Assault and the Media Biological Theories of Sexual Assault Marital and Intimate Partner Sexual Assault Custodial Sexual Assault Sexual Assault Against Refugees Sexual Assault During Armed Conflict Date and Acquaintance Sexual Assault Sexual Assault in the Military Prevalence of Street Harassment and its Consequences Law and Policy on Street Harassment International Prevalence of Sexual Assault in the Military Sexual Assault Within the United States Military Secondary Victimization The Military Justice System Response to Sexual Assault Health Consequences of Sexual Assault Victim Reactions to Sexual Assault Consequences of Sexual Assault on the Community Sexual Assault, HIV/AIDS and Other STIs Coordinated Crisis Intervention Sexual Assault Advocacy Programs Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners Sexual Assault Response Teams Coordinating Councils Health Care Provider Responses National Sexual Assault Laws Drafting Laws on Sexual Assault Evidentiary Issues and Forensic Medical Institutes Law Enforcement and Prosecutions Ad Hoc International Tribunals UN Special Rapporteurs Laws in the United States Laws in the CEE/FSU Region Other Approaches to Sexual Assault Law Prosecutor Protocols Sexual Assault in Higher Education – Laws and Protocols Defining the Prohibited Contact Force and Resistance Requirements Consent and Mens Rea Procedural Obstacles Other Law Reform Efforts Legal Protection and Support for Victims Crimes Committed in the Name of "Honor" Dowry-Related Violence Female Environmental Refugees Femicide Forced and Child Marriage Forced/Coerced Sterilization Gender-Based Asylum Harmful Practices Maltreatment of Widows Violence Against LGBT Women Violence Against the Girl Child Violence Against Women and HIV/AIDS Women and Armed Conflict Women with Disabilities Governmental and Non-Governmental Response Governmental and Nongovernmental Response Femicide in the CEE/FSU Region Government Response NGO Response Consequences and Effects International and Domestic Law and Policy Forced and Child Marriage Prevention Government and NGO Response Acid Attacks & Stove Burning Breast Ironing Bride Kidnapping Forced Pregnancy Son Preference Stoning or Flogging of Women Virginity Tests Witch Burning & Beheading Defining Discrimination against Women and Widows Governmental and NGO Response Government and NGO Responses NGO and Governmental Response Consequences and Effects on Women Expert's Corner The VAW Monitor Women's HR Training Human Rights Reporting Advocating for New Laws on Violence Against Women and Girls Women Human Rights Defenders and Safety United Nations Systems European System United Nations Documents That Protect Women's Rights Enforcement Mechanisms In The United Nations Programs and Funds Research and Training Institutes UN Treaties on Violence Against Women UN Resolutions on Violence Against Women Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action Basic Human Rights Documents Complaint Mechanisms Reporting and Monitoring Mechanisms Major United Nations Enforcement Bodies UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women UN Commission on the Status of Women UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights UN Human Rights Committee UN Committee on the Rights of the Child UN Committee Against Torture UN Committee on Migrant Workers UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Complaint Mechanism Reporting Mechanism Institutions and Structure of the European Human Rights System European Documents That Protect Women's Rights Enforcement Mechanisms in the European System Enlargement of the European Union Council of Europe - European Social Charter Council of Europe - Resolutions, Reports, Advocacy Campaigns Council of Europe Enforcement Mechanisms European Union Enforcement Mechanisms Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Enforcement Mechanisms European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment European Committee of Social Rights EU Accession Process and Women's Rights NGO Strategies to Impact the EU Accession Process Home > Global Violence against Women and Girls > Crimes Committed in the Name of "Honor" > Law and Policy Law and Policy on "Honor" Killings and Crimes Last updated November 2008 As discussed above, the U.N. General Assembly passed a resolution in 2004 that recognizes crimes committed in the name of "honor" as a violation of human rights. The resolution, entitled “Working towards the elimination of crimes against women and girls committed in the name of honour,” calls upon states to take various actions, such as: intensifying investigation, prosecution, and punishment of crimes of "honor"; raising awareness of the need to eliminate crimes of "honor" and promote gender equality; improving support services for actual and potential victims; and collecting and sharing data on the occurrence of these crimes. Another U.N. body that has addressed the issue of killings committed in the name of "honor" in several instances is the CEDAW Committee. The Committee’s General Recommendation No. 19 on Violence Against Women states that legislation removing the defense of honor in cases of murder or assault of female family members is a “necessary [measure] to overcome family violence.” In 2007, fifteen years after General Recommendation No. 19 was promulgated, the Committee applied its advice specifically to Jordan in its Concluding Comments on that country’s combined third and fourth periodic report. The CEDAW Committee urged Jordan to eliminate reductions in punishment that can benefit perpetrators of "honor" killings and to replace protective custody (incarceration) with other measures to protect actual and potential victims without depriving them of their liberty. Also in 2007, the CEDAW Committee expressed concern that the enactment of a new law against crimes committed in the name of "honor" in Pakistan has not stopped hundreds of "honor" killings from occurring there each year. In 2008, the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women released an expert group report entitled "Good practices in legislation on violence against women", which includes legislation prohibiting so-called "honor" crimes. (For the Russian version of the report recommendations, click here.) On a regional level, the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly passed Resolution 1327 on "So-called 'honour crimes'" in 2003. This resolution calls upon member states to take specific actions in the areas of prevention, prosecution and protection. In addition to ensuring that "honor" crimes are effectively investigated, prosecuted and penalized, the resolution calls on member states to "amend national asylum and immigration law in order to ensure that...a woman has the right to a residence permit, or even to asylum, in order to escape from 'honour crimes.'" Many efforts to eliminate killings committed in the name of "honor" have focused on making changes to domestic laws in countries that have previously failed to appropriately punish offenders. Unfortunately, there is evidence that many of these legal changes have not been enough to quell the violence. In Pakistan, a new law that took effect in 2005 acknowledged for the first time that "honor" killing is a crime and attempted to stiffen penalties for these murders, even mandating the death penalty under certain circumstances. From: Mazna Hussain, Take My Riches, Give Me Justice: A Contextual Analysis of Pakistan’s Honor Crimes Legislation, 29 Harv. J. L. & Gender 223, 239 (2006). The new law has many shortcomings, notes Hussain, including allowing the victim or her family to “forgive” the perpetrator, failing to appoint the government—rather than a relative—to be the victim’s heir, and containing no provision to ensure that involved parties other than the actual killer are held responsible. Observers declared the law ineffective when there were 267 documented "honor" killings in the first eleven months of 2005. From: Rachel Bubb, Reform of the Pakistani Rape Law: A Move Forward or Backward?, 11 J. Gender, Race & Justice 67, 80 (2007). Bubb suggests that one possible explanation for the continuing violence, besides the aforementioned defects of the law, is that courts may be choosing to acquit defendants in "honor" killing cases altogether, rather than mete out the harsh punishments mandated by the new law. In Turkey, several changes have been made to the Penal Code in recent years. From: Turkish Civil and Penal Code Reforms from a Gender Perspective: The Success of Two Nationwide Campaigns, Women for Women’s Human Rights—New Ways, February 2005. Some articles that were once used to reduce sentences for the perpetrators of "honor" killings have been removed. Two articles have been amended to specifically address killings committed in the name of "honor", but these changes have been criticized by women’s human rights groups for leaving loopholes. Article 29, which allows sentence reductions in certain circumstances, now states that it is not applicable to killings committed in the name of "honor"; however, it also specifically says that this may not be true for all "honor" killings. Article 82, which defines aggravating factors for homicide, now includes “killings in the name of custom.” Yet this change has been described as inadequate because “[t]he use of ‘custom’ instead of the internationally accepted term ‘honor killings’ limits the scope of the crime, as if it only exists in certain regions of Turkey where customs prevail, and fails to include different sorts of honor killings.” In addition, some observers believe that stiffer penalties are not deterring people from carrying out "honor" killings in Turkey, but only causing them to modify their methods. Rather than assigning the task of murder to a male relative under the age of 18, who before the new law would have been punished lightly because of his youth, families are now coercing women into committing suicide or killing them and disguising their deaths as suicides. From: Dan Bilefsky, How to Avoid Honor Killing in Turkey? Honor Suicide, New York Times, 16 July 2006. 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__label__cc	0.586449	0.413551	Thursday, July 18, 2019 \| About Us \| Kids Privacy Quick View ID @snnheadlines Extra! Extra! Resources SLOG-ITT SLOG-ITT RESOURCES SLOG-ITT ARCHIVE United Nations report When people talk about mining, it's usually associated with digging deep in the Earth to unearth and retrieve coal, gems, salt, and other minerals. Very few people think about the process of mining or extracting sand for its many uses, including making glass. In 2013, Denis Delestrac created a documentary about sand - Sand Wars. The documentary prompted officials with the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) to study the issue of extracting sand and gravel around the world. In March 2014, UNEP published a paper about their findings – UNEP: Sand, rarer than one thinks. What is the difference between sand and gravel? Size of sand: from one-sixteenth of a millimeter (mm) to 2mm Size of gravel: 2mm to 64mm The sands of Omaha Beach in Normandy, France Omaha beach sand Omaha Beach The sands of the beaches of Normandy, a 50-mile stretch in France, are sacred ground. On June 6, 1944, thousands of Allied soldiers were killed on the beaches during the D-Day invasion to liberate France and Europe from Nazi occupation. Adolf Hitler knew the Allies would attempt an invasion from the water so he fortified positions up and down the coast of France. Concrete bunkers were built into sand dunes where Nazi soldiers hid and attacked as Allied soldiers landed on the beaches. In 2009, Student News Net attended the 65th anniversary of D-Day. Members of the tour group were allowed to collect sand from Omaha Beach, the sand shown in the picture above. One Hot and Cool Topic: The art - and Science - of Glass Watch a handful of sand fall through your fingers. If the sand is from a non-tropical region, such as the Great Lakes, the west coast along the Pacific Ocean, or the east coast along the Atlantic Ocean, the main component of the sand is silica. Silica is a compound – silicon dioxide (SiO2) with one atom of silicon and two atoms of oxygen. If the sand is from a tropical beach in the Caribbean, the main component of the sand is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - one atom of calcium, one carbon atom, and three oxygen atoms. Its formation is the result of the decay of organisms inhabiting the network of coral reef found in tropical waters. Heat sand, soda ash, and lime to very high temperatures, cool it down, and the result is – glass. Grains of sand are transformed to a solid glass object. There is a myth, still unproven, that the first glass resulted from lightning striking sand on a beach. There is not one formula that defines glass because glass can be made with many different recipes, called the batch. A Hot Shop is an art studio where glass is made by glass artists. On March 15, 2016, Student News Net interviewed Leonard Marty, master instructor of glassblowing at the internationally renowned Glass Pavilion at the Toledo Museum of Art. Watch the session above and then explore the world of glassblowing and glassmaking through the content on this page. You can submit questions in the Chat and Collaborate box to the right. Student News Net story (March 22, 2016) Glass: a hot and cool combo of art and science Student Q & A 1. Can you reheat the glass once it cools? Yes. Blown glass can be reheated and reshaped. Recycling glass is also very easy because you just have to add heat. 2. Can you mix colors of glass? Yes. Blown glass colors can be mixed but their COE (coefficient of expansion) has to match with one another to prevent breakage during the annealing cycle. 3. How can I learn to blow glass in my area? [Rock Springs, Wyoming] Is there an association I can contact? The easiest way to find out if you can blow glass in your area is probably by using Google. Search for glassblowers in a fifty-mile radius of your address. You also can contact the Glass Art Society for help. [There is a link to the Glass Art Society in Student News Net's Extra Extra Resources under the letter G] 4. I think your job is amazing...I would like to try it...how do I go about it? The best way to see if you like glass making is to sign-up for a workshop and give it a try. 5. How do you decide how many layers of glass to add to your project? The size/scale of an object I want to create determines how many layers/gathers I take from the furnace. If I want to make a large or heavy object, or something with additions or fancy coloring, I will always have an assistant. 6. How do I find out what kind of glass can be made here in Wyoming? See answer number three above. 7. So glass is not a super-cooled liquid? I say glass is a super-cooled liquid. When glass is hot the molecules are in movement. As glass cools the molecules begin to slow their movement. When that heat is gone whatever the random pattern the molecules are in, that’s where they stay. 8. You mentioned that you cannot get uranium like you use to :0) Can I still buy glass with uranium in it? It s sounds very cool to look at! Is it radioactive? Yes, you can purchase uranium glass. Mostly it will have been made during the Depression era. Look for it in antique shops or look up “Vaseline glass” on EBAY. A lot of it is sold there. It has the color of Vaseline but will glow a weird green when exposed to ultraviolet light. It’s pretty cool! It is NOT radioactive in the glass form. 1. gob: the beginning stages of glass when the piece is a molten mass 2. batch (noun): the mixture of raw materials (usually sand, soda ash, and lime) 3. wood cup (noun) : a piece made of fruit wood (often cherry wood) in which glass artists place the hot glass as it is taking shape 4. blowpipe (noun): a long pipe made of steel through which a glass artist blows to create a bubble in the molten glass 5. molten (adj.): very hot, liquefied Primary Source References 1. Glass Dictionary (Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, New York) 2. All About Glass (Corning Museum of Glass) 3. Why is Pi (3.14159....) needed to make glass? (video - Corning Museum of Glass) 4. Silicon (Los Alamos National Laboratory) 5. Student News Net story: Studio Glass: from garage to museum 6. Student News Net story: 3.14: On Pi Day, ponder Pi with pie! Lino Tagliapietra, an Italian glass artist (glassblower), is considered by many to be the best glassblower in the world. He has a studio in Murano, Italy. Murano is known around the world as a center for high quality glass artistry. Watch Lino make glass in his Italian studio. The video is about 16 minutes. After watching the Student News Net SLOG video above and the video of Lino Tagliapietra, answer the following questions: 1. Why can glassblowers handle the steel pipe without gloves when the glass is so hot at the end of the pipe? 2. What evidence in the videos demonstrate how hot the glass is as it is being shaped? What is the temperature of the glass as it is being shaped? 3. Once a piece of glass is made, how long does it take to cool down so it can be touched without wearing gloves? EXTRA! EXTRA! WRITING PRACTICE Practice Your Writing Skills by summarizing what you've learned by reading, sharing and participating in this SLOG. 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__label__cc	0.64605	0.35395	Max Q Tue, Sep 27, 2011 - 7:00pm Founder, TF Metals Report turd [at] tfmetalsreport [dot] com () Whoever told you that trading and stacking precious metals "wasn't rocket science" was lying. When watching the video below, be sure to note what happens at the 0:55 and 1:15 marks. After a decline of epic and historic proportions, the PM charts tonight stand just below their points of Max Q. "Huh?", you ask. From Wikipedia: "In aerospace engineering, the maximum dynamic pressure, often referred to as maximum Q or max Q, is the point at which aerodynamic stress on a vehicle in atmospheric flight is maximized. There will always be a point where the dynamic pressure is maximum. That point is max Q. In other words, below max Q, the effect of the vehicle acceleration overcomes the decrease in air density so as to create more dynamic pressure (opposing kinetic energy) acting on the craft. Above max Q, the opposite is true. The dynamic pressure acting against the craft decreases as the air density decreases, ultimately reaching 0 when the air density becomes zero. During a normal Space Shuttle launch, for example, max Q occurred at an altitude of approximately 11 km (35,000 ft).[1] The three Space Shuttle main engines were throttled back to about 70% of their rated thrust as the dynamic pressure approached max Q;[2] combined with the unthrottled solid rocket boosters, this reduced the total thrust by about 5%. During a typical Apollo mission, max Q occurred between 13 and 14 km of altitude (43,000–46,000 ft).[3][4] The point of max Q is a key milestone during a rocket launch, as it is the point at which the airframe undergoes maximum mechanical stress." Got it? Me, neither. But that's not the point. In our example here, the PMs have rallied from deeply oversold territory. This part of the flight (the liftoff) was easy. Just light the fire and watch it go. However, any rally after such a steep selloff is inevitably going to reach a critical point on the charts where the rally either reaches escape velocity and continues on OR the gravity of the selling pressure becomes too great to overcome and things head back down. This is area on the charts is our Max Q. This is our point of maximum dynamic pressure. On the charts below, I've outlined the clear areas of Max Q. In gold, it's 1670-1682 with a continuance of pressure all the way to 1705. In silver, it's the area between 32.35 and 33.85. The thrill ride of the liftoff is over and the engines have been throttled back. We've reached the point of Max Q. Will we be able to clear Max Q? Will we hear the command "Go For Throttle Up" and continue the rally or will our mission end with a diversion to Diego Garcia? (Trust me. No one wants to be diverted to Diego Garcia.) We should have the answers to these questions very soon. Here's some extra stuff to help you pass the time while you wait. First up, Eric King interviewed John Embry of Sprott Asset Management late yesterday and the entire interview can be found through the link below. It's brief but quite interesting. Equally interesting, in light if the beating it took today, is the intro ad for Santa's stock. https://www.kingworldnews.com/kingworldnews/Broadcast/Entries/2011/9/26_John_Embry.html Next, Jeff Nielson has penned another interesting article: https://www.bullionbullscanada.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=22271:precious-metals-vs-us-treasuries&catid=48:gold-commentary&Itemid=131 This "Silver Summit" sure looks like fun. I can't attend but perhaps one of you would like to go and report back for all of us? https://cambridgehouse.com/conference-details/the-silver-summit-2011/48 Lastly, the article below was brought to my attention this morning. I must admit that it is somewhat challenging to get your arms around but it is worth the time and effort to try. For me, the collapsing lease rates for gold are a clear and obvious signal of massive, direct Central Bank intervention in the gold markets. As the article states, without this intervention, gold would be in backwardation due to extremely high physical demand and, as you know, backwardation is a sure sign of an impending short squeeze. Of course, I could be wrong so I'm interested to hear everyone else's interpretation. https://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2011/09/14/677021/why-gold-forward-rate-inversion-is-important/ Also note that the article was written on 9/14, fully one week before the latest massive beatdown. Hmmm. It would sure seem that someone or something leased a boatload of gold at extremely cheap rates to overwhelm the market and set prices tumbling. Was Wednesday night into Monday morning just a continuation of the central bank intervention we first noticed three weeks ago after the SNB devaluation of the franc? OK, that's all for today. TF out. 9:00 am EDT UPDATE: I don't a lot to add this morning other than to point out that the overnight spikes died as price entered the MaxQ zone and as the LBMA opened. That certainly shouldn't surprise anyone. For today, watch the lows from before the spike. Those levels are around $30.75 in the Dec silver and $1635 or so in the Dec gold. Let's look (hope) for some support there should selling intensify. Believe me now and hear me later, you should definitely take time to read this: https://www.zerohedge.com/news/step-aside-bbc-trader-head-unicredit-securities-predicts-imminent-end-eurozone-and-global-finan Perhaps, though, you should watch this first. It might help with the Hungarian translation: https://www.hulu.com/watch/276401/saturday-night-live-hans-and-franz Thanks TF! hmmm Second? silver foil hat and negative dynamic stability... in aeronautical terms occurs when an aircraft's stable flight path gets upset by an outside force, and the resulting oscillations get more and more removed from the original stable flight path. Dragging this Precious Metal Head forward crackor I guess I missed it.......please fill me in!! Ok got it!!!!!! Mostly "Bang" I do believe that Sinclair is a man of integrity and I respect his knowledge of the stock market and patterns in gold. He has done amazing things for the people of Tanzania who work for him. However he has been stymied in his efforts to find a workable gold mine. There have been so many possibilities starting with Itemia then Luhala thenKigosi and every time something seems to get in the way. He and the people who work for him seem to fund the company by buying and selling stock on a regular basis. they don`t seem to go to the market for placements but I don`t really know because I don`t own shares anymore but I did for a long time and got a good start with Tan Range. At the time they were predicting $60.00 a share. He may strike it rich with the latest venture but with the volitility that we are experiencing and the way the stock seems to swoon when the market goes down investors are tired and they have decided not to wait. When something with known resources is on sale why would you leave your money with just a promise. I don`t think there is anything shady about the company but I think it was Mac Ewen or Embry who said that for the thousands of explorers out there only less than 1% ever come to the mining stage. (I just posted this on the last thread not realizing we had a new one.) awninja47 Reminds me of Ron Paul having a one-way conversation with Ben Nigel Farage: Wake up to the misery you're inflicting on millions! DaddyO Great analogy! I worked on Great analogy! I worked on the shuttle from STS2 through STS26 on the flight side of the house and then transfered over to the R&D side until 1995. Let me help with this example of max Q, you head over the the local big box wholesaler and pick up your new mattress. After ringing it up and heading out to the parking lot, you realize the mattress is 2x bigger than the roof of your Jetta. Well you make the decision to throw the mattress on the roof, get some twine and tie 'er down. You head out onto the highway and everything is going fine until you hit 45mph and feel a thud. You look out your side window and realize the mattress is now bent in two and your steering wheel feels like the front tires are no longer touching the ground, you've just reached mattress max Q. What the PM market and the global economy is going to look like at max Q is anybody's guess, just suffice it to say it ain't going to be pretty. The great Keynesian crack up will dwarf the image of Challenger so indelibly etched in our consciousness, I'm quite sure! Will we see economy parts scattered all over Wall St? Subscribe or login to read all comments. Get Your Subscriber Benefits Exclusive discount for silver purchases, and a private iTunes feed for TF Metals Report podcasts! Key Economic Events Week of 7/15 7/15 8:30 ET Empire State Fed Index 7/16 8:30 ET Retail Sales and Import Price Index 7/16 9:15 ET Cap Ute and Ind Prod 7/16 10:00 ET Business Inventories 7/17 8:30 ET Housing Starts and Building Permits 7/18 8:30 ET Philly Fed 7/19 10:00 ET Consumer Sentiment Key Economic Events Week of 7/8 7/9 8:45 ET Fed Stress Conference, three Goon speeches 7/10 8:30 ET CGP Hump-Hawk prepared remarks 7/10 10:00 ET CGP Hump-Hawk House 7/10 10:00 ET Wholesale Inventories 7/10 2:00 ET June FOMC minutes 7/11 8:30 ET CPI 7/11 10:00 ET CGP Hump-Hawk Senate 7/11 12:30 ET Goon Williams 7/12 8:30 ET PPI 7/1 9:45 ET Markit Manu PMI 7/1 10:00 ET ISM Manu PMI 7/1 10:00 ET Construction Spending 7/2 6:35 ET Goon Williams 7/3 8:15 ET ADP June employment 7/3 8:30 ET Trade Deficit 7/3 9:45 ET Markit Services PMI 7/3 10:00 ET ISM Services PMI 7/3 10:00 ET Factory Orders 7/4 US Market Holiday 7/5 8:30 ET BLSBS 6/25 10:00 ET New Home Sales 6/25 1:00 pm ET Chief Goon Powell 6/25 5:30 pm ET Goon Bullard 6/26 8:30 ET Durable Goods 6/27 8:30 ET Q1 GDP final guess 6/28 8:30 ET Personal Income and Consumer Spending 6/28 8:30 ET Core Inflation 6/28 9:45 ET Chicago PMI 6/19 2:00 ET FOMC Fedlines 6/19 2:30 ET CGP presser 6/21 9:45 ET Markit flash June PMIs 6/11 8:30 ET Producer Price Index 6/12 8:30 ET Consumer Price Index 6/13 8:30 ET Import Price Index 6/14 8:30 ET Retail Sales 6/4 All day Fed conference in Chicago 6/4 10:00 ET Factory Order 6/6 8:30 ET US Trace Deficit 6/7 10:00 ET Wholesale Inventories 5/28 10:00 ET Consumer Confidence 5/30 8:30 ET Q1 GDP 2nd guess 5/20 7:00 pm ET CGP speech 5/21 10:00 ET Existing Home Sales 5/22 2:00 ET FOMC minutes 5/23 9:45 ET Markit PMIs TWELVE Goon speeches through the week 5/15 8:30 ET Retail Sales and Empire State Manu. Idx. 5/15 9:15 ET Cap. Ute. and Ind. Prod. 5/16 10:00 ET Housing Starts and Philly Fed Global Bond Madness Negative rates will lead gold higher. Tuesday, June 18, 2019 - 10:13am JBSFC Ahead Of The G-20 Wednesday, June 26, 2019 - 11:22am TFMR Podcast - Friday, June 28 JBSFC Return by J Siefert, 1 hour 29 min ago TFMR Podcast - Wednesday, July 17 by allenb, 1 hour 41 min ago Scoremore, you will appreciate this.... by mavens, 4 hours 36 min ago 16 Handle by Alex777, 5 hours 16 min ago I would say _____ Cool! @lemming by mavens, 6 hours 6 min ago What's changed since 2013? The setup for the big trade by argentus maximus, 1 hour 14 min ago A very nice chart for some of by Solsson, 4 hours 10 min ago Another month, another dollar x3rs of the pm by HappyNow, Jul 17, 2019 - 11:20pm You’re a lot of fun. Drunk Pailin's Trading Corner Scott Adams: Genomic prediction by SteveW, Jul 17, 2019 - 10:57pm Only one body, one Spirit, One Lord, one Faith, one baptism, THREAD OF FAITH - by NW VIEW, Jul 17, 2019 - 10:24pm	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2570
__label__wiki	0.579893	0.579893	Lenovo IdeaPad 100S A modern netbook By Chuong Nguyen 2015-11-05T01:55:00.308Z Laptops & portable PCs 1. Introduction and design 2. Performance and specifications 3. Verdict As long as you don't mind the limited storage capacities and lack of configurability, the IdeaPad 100S is a solidly built netbook at an attractive price that comes with the power of Windows 10. Solid and thin design Good keyboard Limited storage Narrow screen viewing angle No trackpad gestures Netbooks debuted less than a decade ago, and quickly earned a reputation for being underwhelming. Even though these machines were inexpensive, they were also incapable of many computing tasks other than basic word processing, web surfing and occasional YouTube watching. Today, the situation is different. Although modern netbooks still carry the same inexpensive price tags, the Intel Atom processors inside enable these systems to be more powerful while coming packaged in sleeker, more attractive designs. Read more: Lenovo IdeaPad 530S A case in point is Lenovo's IdeaPad 100S. Priced to take on Chromebooks, the netbook sheds all the bells and whistles found on fancier, premium-priced laptops, but still delivers a full Windows experience in a travel-friendly package. At $200 (£130, AU$277), the IdeaPad 100S faces some stiff competition. With a non-convertible, non-touch display, the IdeaPad 100S is more closely matched against Acer's Aspire One Cloudbook 11 ($152, £98, AU$210). However, unlike netbooks of yore, Atom-equipped models today come in a variety of form factors, designs and price. Toshiba's Satellite Click 10 ($359, £232, AU$498) is more expensive, but adds a touchscreen to the Windows 10 experience. The Acer Aspire Switch 10 E ($296, £191, AU$410) offers a detachable screen, which enables users to shed the weight of the keyboard and use the device as a tablet, while the HP Stream x360 ($197, £127, AU$273) and Asus Transformer Book Flip ($279, £180, AU$387) come with a 360-degree hinge for a convertible design. Clad in a smooth, matte red plastic, the IdeaPad 100S is a playful, fun laptop, but one with which you can get some work done. Lenovo also offers the notebook in choices of white, blue or silver hues, but our review unit came with a red lid and matching red undercarriage. I appreciated Lenovo's choice of matte finishing on the IdeaPad 100S. The red color is vibrant, but not overly bright. And unlike a glossy finish, fingerprints don't show up quite as easily. Coupled with a solid build quality, the ability of the cover to look clean after a full day of use makes the IdeaPad 100S feel more premium than it actually is. With an 11.6-inch screen, the IdeaPad 100S is just as portable as Apple's premium 11-inch MacBook Air ($899, £584, AU$1,256). Both laptops share similar footprints, but the MacBook Air ships with a more powerful processor. The IdeaPad 100S measures 11.5 x 7.95 x 0.69 inches (292 x 202 x 17.5mm), and the difference is that the aluminum-clad MacBook Air has a more dramatic tapering. Utilizing a traditional notebook form factor, the dimensions of the IdeaPad 100S is similar to the Acer One Cloudbook, which measures 11.5 x 7.95 x 0.70 inches (292 x 201 x 17.78mm). Despite sharing a similar screen size, the HP Stream x360 has a larger footprint, likely attributed to its convertible hinge. The Stream measures 13.11 x 9.01 x 0.76 in (333.20 x 229.00 x 19.50 mm) and weighs 3.16 lbs (1.43 kg). At 2.2 pounds (0.99kg), the IdeaPad weighs slightly less than the 2.54-pound (1.15kg) Acer One Cloudbook. Both these notebooks are larger than some convertibles with smaller 10-inch displays. For example, the Aspire Switch 10 E measures 10.31 x 7.09 x 1.01 inches (261.87 x 180.09 x 25.65mm) and weighs 2.82 pounds (1.28kg) with the keyboard, but comes with a smaller 10.1-inch screen. The Intel Atom-based Celeron-powered Transformer Book comes with the same 11.6-inch screen as the IdeaPad 100S, but adds a touchscreen and a 360-degree swiveling screen in an 11.69 x 7.92 x 0.72-in (297.00 x 201.30 x 18.45 mm) form factor. The convertible design surprisingly doesn't add much weight, and the Transformer Book weighs just a little more than the IdeaPad, coming in at 2.58 pounds (1.17 kg). Opening up the lid reveals the 11.6-inch screen. Our review unit comes with a matte display. The 1,366 x 768-pixel screen resolution is the same as Apple's MacBook Air, and neither notebooks come with touch support. This resolution is fairly standard for the netbook category, which is shared by the Transformer Book, Acer Aspire One Cloudbook and HP Stream x360. The Aspire Switch 10 E and comes with a 1,200 x 800 resolution screen on a 10.1-inch display, while the Toshiba Click 10 has a higher resolution 1,920 X 1,200-pixel screen. Text and graphics appear slightly pixelated on the IdeaPad 100S's screen. Using the default display settings, I didn't find text or images to be too small. Lenovo opted to use a TN, or Twisted Nematic, panel rather than IPS. Response time on screen for watching video is good, but you likely won't want to do any serious gaming on this machine given the limitations of the Atom-class processor and integrated graphics. The downside of the TN panel, compared to more expensive IPS displays, is that viewing angles are limited. The limited viewing angles are rather unfortunate because they hinder the usefulness of the 180-degree lay-flat hinge design. If the screen came with wider viewing angles, Lenovo could have marketed the IdeaPad 100S as an inexpensive mobile collaboration devices for students and business users. Even though the IdeaPad 100S may appeal to students or mobile professionals looking for an inexpensive second device for travel, the screen's brightness rating may limit the device for indoor use. Rated at around 200 nits, the screen brightness is lower than the 300 nits found on some premium laptops. I didn't find any problems with the screen brightness when using the IdeaPad 100S indoors under ambient lighting, and the matte screen does a good job of reducing glare and reflections. However, outdoors under direct sunlight, the screen quickly washed out. I had better luck with screen readability outside under shade with the screen brightness cranked up. Like the construction of the netbook, the keyboard on the IdeaPad 100S is solid. As is typical with Lenovo keyboard designs, the keys have a "U" or smile-shape design. Key size is slightly smaller than a full-sized keyboard on a larger ThinkPad system, and unlike the key caps on a ThinkPad keyboard, the keys on the IdeaPad are flat with a slight texture. I was surprised to find that for an inexpensive laptop, the keys have a decent amount of travel when pressed. Key travel doesn't go in as deep as a full-sized laptop keyboard, but the keyboard still offered a pleasant and accurate typing experience for touch typists, which is important if you use this netbook in dimly lit environments (the IdeaPad 100S does not come with any keyboard backlighting). A small touchpad with two clickable buttons are found just below the keyboard. The touchpad is accurate, but gestures aren't supported. You can't use two fingers to scroll nor can you call up Cortana using a three-finger tap on the touchpad. Current page: Introduction and design Next Page Performance and specifications	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2579
__label__wiki	0.944641	0.944641	See other tags Pogba needs to 'concentrate' for France ahead of vital Ireland game The Juventus player was lambasted after France’s first match against Romania. By AFP Saturday 25 Jun 2016, 8:27 PM Jun 25th 2016, 8:27 PM 5,819 Views 6 Comments http://the42.ie/2846378 Share2 Tweet Email Image: EMPICS Sport FRANCE COACH DIDIER Deschamps has called on star midfielder Paul Pogba to concentrate for his country ahead of their Euro 2016 second round clash with the Republic of Ireland on Sunday. The Juventus player was lambasted after France’s first match against Romania, was kept on the bench for the second and made a full return for the third against Switzerland. Deschamps said the 23-year-old who has been linked to big money moves is better when he is out of the headlines. Paul had a difficult first match, he came one in the second and had a very good first half against Switzerland,” Deschamps said. “He is ready and needed calm to prepare well. There is a lot of talk about him but he is still quite young and needs to have tranquility and concentration,” the coach added. Deschamps said West Ham United’s Dimitri Payet deserves the star status he has achieved with his sparkling performances for France. “I am very happy with what Dimitri has done because he is decisive,” the coach said. “He takes (the star status) well, he has had a lot of deserved praise but he got back to work at the start of the week to maintain this performance level.” - Playing from the heart - Deschamps added that “Dimitri is not a young player, he does not have a lot of experience in the French team but he knows what he went through before, he knows what it took to get here and he is not going to change that.” While favourites against the Irish in Lyon, Pogba and Payet’s match-winning skills could be needed against a team that Deschamps said has “a lot of heart and more as they are good footballers. They all play in the Premier League and are used to playing the best English teams, they can play on the ground even if it is mostly the direct game.” Deschamps joined his Irish Republic counterpart Martin O’Neill in urging both sides to forget Thierry Henry’s handball in 2009 which set up a goal that sent France through to the 2010 World Cup at the expense of the Republic. That belongs to history,” Deschamps insisted. “There is no revenge. You cannot change what happened in the past. You cannot have that feeling at the top level.” France has had a whole week to rest, more time than any other team, but captain and goalkeeper Hugo Lloris said they still expected a “battle” on Sunday. The team has “recovered well”, he said, but added: “The closer we get to the match the more the adrenaline rushes. Our heads are focused on this encounter, the battle ahead. I use that word because we know this team. “The Irish put a lot of heart and passion into it. We will have to quickly start winning the duels so that they do not gain confidence.” Lloris will captain France for the 55th time, a national record. It will also be his 79th cap and Deschamps led tributes to the Tottenham Hotspur goalkeeper’s stature. “He has a legitimacy, an exemplarity which is recognised in the squad,” said Deschamps. “He does not talk all the time, but when he has something to say he says it and makes himself heard.” © AFP 2016 The42 is on Snapchat! Tap the button below on your phone to add! Add us: the42.ie ‘Ireland will tap into Darren Randolph’s knowledge of Dimitri Payet‘> Lloris tempers talk of Ireland revenge mission> See more articles by AFP Contribute to this story: Send a Correction To embed this post, copy the code below on your site 600px wide <iframe width="600" height="460" frameborder="0" style="border:0px;" src="https://www.the42.ie/https://www.the42.ie/pogba-ireland-france-concentrate-2846378-Jun2016/?embedpost=2846378&width=600&height=460" ></iframe> Email “Pogba needs to 'concentrate' for France ahead of vital Ireland game”. Feedback on “Pogba needs to 'concentrate' for France ahead of vital Ireland game”. Please select the reason for reporting this comment. Please select your reason for reporting... It contains offensive language, is hateful or incites violence It contains a libellous/defamatory statement Some other reason... Please give full details of the problem with the comment... Pogba needs to 'concentrate' for France ahead of vital Ireland game Comments	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2582
__label__wiki	0.97459	0.97459	Craig Smith × Fife (1497) Other sports (2) Scottish Championship (2) Scottish League 1 (2) Scottish League Cup (1) Virtual “time travel” recreates key 16th century church in St Andrews A Fife church which played a central role in the Scottish Reformation has been virtually reconstructed as it may have appeared more than five centuries ago. Man, 74, charged following hit and run incident which killed Fife cyclist A man has been charged following a hit and run collision in North East Fife. Four-year £2.3 million Kincardine Bridge work comes to an end A four-year programme of work to waterproof and resurface the Kincardine Bridge has finally come to an end. New lease of life planned for former Kirkcaldy secondary school A former Kirkcaldy school could be given a new lease of life if ambitious plans for the area are given the go ahead. Tourism boss hails economic boost as Fife Pilgrim Way becomes one of Scotland’s great trails The launch of a new walking route in Fife has been hailed as a huge step for tourism in the region. St Andrews to spearhead major £1 million research project Researchers at St Andrews University are to be at the forefront of a £1 million initiative which aims to learn more about people who suffer from more than one disease or condition. Strike threat to drinks giant Diageo’s Fife sites Workers at drinks giant Diageo’s sites in Fife are to be balloted for strike action after a new pay offer was branded derisory by unions. New retirement village and dedicated bowling green planned for St Andrews A retirement village complete with its own bowling green could breathe new life into a long neglected area along St Andrews’ southern boundary. TIMELINE: Graph shows more alcohol deaths in Fife than Tayside for first time in 36 years The scale of Fife’s problem with alcohol has been thrown into sharp focus after the number of drink-related deaths reached its highest level in a generation. Mossmorran: The Courier raises community flaring concerns in exclusive interview with Fife Ethylene Plant bosses Millions of pounds will be spent on minimising the impact of flaring at Mossmorran on surrounding communities over the next five years, bosses have pledged.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2586
__label__wiki	0.652743	0.652743	My Lost Cat Returned After 5 Weeks, Healthier Than Ever. Where Was He? By Caroline Paul Wendy MacNaughton [The following is an excerpt from "Lost Cat: A True Story of Love, Desperation, and GPS Technology," with illustrations by Wendy MacNaughton.] The animal shelter looked like a prison. It had long concrete hallways and heavy doors that rang out when shut. A perky volunteer showed me around. My crutches sounded like hammers thudding on the floor. The volunteer took me to the cat rooms, which were lined with cages, and stepped back as I peered into each one. "Tibby?" I whispered. The adult cats were crouched in the back and looked at me without moving. The kittens came forward, but they had drooping tails and mystified eyes. "I'm so sorry," I said to each one. "I wish I could take you home." I returned to the pound every three days, and every three days it was the same. A volunteer would appear with sympathetic smiles and a bouncy voice. "I lost my kitty," I would whimper. "He's large, shy, with wet, extraterrestrial eyes. He disappeared fifteen . . . twenty-one . . . thirty-three days ago." "Oh, cats," the perky volunteers would respond knowingly. They would tell me hopeful stories. Everyone had hopeful stories. There were cats who had been gone for days, weeks, months before returning home. There were cats who had been found three thousand miles away, two years later. I listened with the fervor of the newly evangelized. Clearly the volunteers had some magic that I had lost or never had, an emotional sturdiness behind their bright smiles. How else could they stand all this kitty misery? "You get used to it," one said. "It's not so bad," said another. They wore orange smocks and blue paper shoes on their feet. They cleaned cages and spoke into walkie- talkies and held sticks with feathers at the end so the cats could play. I began to love them for their small, patient smiles, their blue-papered feet, their soft hearts with tough outer crusts. So I listened raptly to their tales of kitty intrepidness. Then I went home and cried. I e-mailed the psychic again. He's still fine, she responded. He'll return with the waning moon. Again I clung to her optimism, the wisdom of her third eye, her good haircut. But the waning moon came and went, and still no Tibby. And slowly, I knew: A cat like Tibby couldn't survive in the urban jungle. He was too shy, too skittish, with no street smarts, and zero capacity to kick ass. I had to face it; if he hadn't come home, there could be only one reason. Something terrible had happened. Then, five weeks after he'd disappeared, Tibby returned. *** Tibby waltzed into the bedroom late one night. He greeted us with his Pavarotti meow. We sat bolt upright, awakened from sleep. He crawled under a chair. "Tibby!" I said. "Tibby!" Wendy said. Fibby just stared, unsurprised. "Meow," said Tibby. I spent the next few days cuddling Tibby and feeling, well, a little indignant. Where had he gone, I won- dered, and why had he left? And what was wrong with him now? He was approaching his food bowl with indifference, exhaling a kitty sigh, then walking away. "He's not eating!" I wailed to Wendy. "He's sick! From being away from home! For so long!" But when I took him to the vet, he was declared a half pound heavier. He had a silky coat, said the vet, and a youthful spring in his step. "That's great," I responded, piqued. When the relief that my cat was safe began to fade, and the joy of his prone, snoring form-sprawled like an athlete after a celebratory night of boozing- started to wear thin, I was left with darker emotions. Confusion. Jealousy. Betrayal. I thought I'd known my cat of thirteen years. But that cat had been anxious and shy. This cat was a swashbuckling adventurer back from the high seas. What siren call could have lured him away? Was he still going to this gilded place, with its overflowing food bowls and endless treats? As I spoke (read: ranted), Wendy considered the perfect storm in front of her, of medication, of depression, and of cabin fever, all making landfall on the couch, and nodded with what she hoped registered as sympathy and shared indignation. But the thought bubble that hovered above her head was clear. What's the Big Deal? the neon letters shouted. He's a CAT. He was home, she was thinking. Wasn't that good enough? Well, actually, no. Wendy abandoned sympathy and tried advice. Perhaps I should lock the cat door for a while so Tibby couldn't wander. I told her I had tried that once, years before. I'd shut him in for a night, and then had lain awake for hours, listening to a loud insistent thudding, which I couldn't identify at first but then realized was Tibby throwing himself against the door like a poltergeist. I wasn't going to untrain an old cat, I said. Not now. Besides, I told her, that wasn't the point. Then for goodness sake tell me, what is the point? screeched the thought bubble, loud enough for my subconscious to hear. "I can't explain it," I said, my tone haughty, "to someone who hasn't really owned cats." Where do our pets go and what do they do, when we're not around? And why? Aren't we enough for our furry companions? For animal lovers, these are the ultimate questions. And so began a quest familiar to anyone who has realized that the man in their life is not who he seems: the quest to find out where Tibby had been for those five weeks. So began Operation Chasing Tibby.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2588
__label__wiki	0.91468	0.91468	FOX News: Tea Party Preempts 'Racist' Resolution, Condemns 'Bigoted' NAACP by Jim Hoft July 13, 2010 FOX News picked up on the St. Louis Tea Party Coalition resolution against NAACP racism today: Tea Party Preempts ‘Racist’ Resolution, Condemns ‘Bigoted’ NAACP A Tea Party group in Missouri, reacting to the NAACP’s plan to take up a resolution branding the conservative movement as “racist,” has drafted a resolution of its own condemning the civil rights group for reducing itself to a “bigoted” and “partisan attack dog organization.” The St. Louis Tea Party had an all-hands-on-deck response to the NAACP’s plan to denounce the nationwide network of activists at its annual convention across the state in Kansas City. The NAACP as early as Tuesday could take up language to “repudiate the racism of the Tea Parties” and stand against the movement’s attempt to “push our country back to the pre-civil rights era.” In a matter of hours, the St. Louis group drafted and fired off to the NAACP a resolution demanding the organization withdraw its “bigoted, false and inflammatory” statement. The missive accused the NAACP of resorting to political tactics and urged the IRS to reconsider whether it can continue to qualify for tax-exempt status. Tea Party organizers routinely defend themselves against charges of racism, disavowing racially charged signs that appear in their protest crowds and provide fodder for Tea Party critics. The NAACP resolution, first reported by the Kansas City Star, was expected to make reference to an incident in March when Tea Party protesters allegedly hurled racial epithets at black lawmakers on Capitol Hill ahead of a health care vote. Tea Party members afterward challenged that account and no evidence was produced to show any racist attacks. St. Louis Tea Party organizer Bill Hennessy wrote on the group’s website Tuesday that the Tea Party stands for smaller government and fiscal responsibility, and accused the NAACP of abandoning black America. “When you look at the crime and poverty and family breakdown of the African-American community … you see a half-century of failure by the NAACP,” he wrote. “None of those persistent problems was caused by the Tea Party movement, yet the principles of the Tea Party are exactly what’s needed to wind down the multi-generational destruction in the African-American community. “The NAACP was once a vital weapon in the war against segregation and oppression. All that’s left is a bigoted and malicious shell that does far more harm than good for people who need a break,” he wrote. Fellow St. Louis Tea Party organizer Dana Loesch accused the NAACP of morphing into a political organization. “They no longer prioritize civil rights,” she told Fox News.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2589
__label__wiki	0.729977	0.729977	Irish Water slammed after 'Tipperary cancer patient left with raw sewage around his house' Dylan White dylan.white@iconicnews.ie Raw sewage flowing into the back garden of a Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary, residence Ongoing communication issues with Irish Water were raised at Tipperary County Council’s monthly meeting in Clonmel on Monday. Cllr Andy Moloney said raw sewage was flowing down the main street in Cahir on March 24 for over 20 hours before workers came onsite to fix the issue. “It was flowing down the street in front of the bus stop and in front of people at 12.30pm [on March 24]. The sewage was still flowing down the street at 7.30pm and the town was full of tourists and people walking around the place. It was 8am Monday morning before we had services onsite and all it took was a small rod to free it. I would have done it myself only I couldn’t open the manhole cover. “Four times I contacted Irish Water over the breakdown in communication. I want an assurance from the council that there is a backup plan for the summer because it is a total disgrace. People standing waiting to get the bus to Dublin with raw sewage flowing down in front of them in a tourist town. We have busted a gut to try and increase tourism in Cahir over the years. “We accept what Irish Water is doing for us, but there is a serious breakdown in communication,” Cllr Moloney added. Sinn Féin’s Cllr David Dunne concurred with Cllr Moloney, drawing on a Carrick-on-Suir housing estate with sewage problems that took three to four days to sort out. “That’s totally unacceptable,” he slammed. Cllr Dunne called for representatives from Irish Water to attend Tipperary County Council meetings and address the concerns being raised by the public. “Irish Water needs to be held to account by the public and the media. The staff in the call centre down in Cork are the best in the world. They are not getting the best wages but they do their best. Whatever happens from there, we need answers to. We need to find out what is the problem and the reason for the delays. “I call for Irish Water to be disbanded and put back in the hands of the council. It was a better service, and I fear for the day the council has no active part in the water and sewage services for the people of Tipperary,” Cllr Dunne added. Clonmel Fianna Fáil councillor Siobhan Ambrose said Irish Water won’t send out tankers until 24 hours have passed without water. “Areas on the Cashel and Fethard roads are very highly-populated with young families and it’s very difficult to tell people they will be without water for 24 hours. Children can’t get washed. That policy needs to be reviewed, particularly in places where there are planned works to stop people becoming exasperated,” she said. Fianna Fáil’s Cllr Sean Ryan said Ballysloe and Gortnahoe experience regular water outages over burst pipes, particularly during cold weather. “The problem is if you have an issue and you ring the public line over the bank holiday weekend. A constituent of mine had a serious issue recently and when I rang Irish Water they refused to take a representation from me,” he said. Cloneen Fine Gael councillor Mark Fitzgerald said Friarsfield estate in Fethard has issues with wastewater drainage that has been reported to Irish Water but has not been resolved. Clonmel Sinn Féin councillor Catherine Carey said parts of Clonmel were left without water for eight days last year. She also called for Irish Water to be disbanded, citing communication as a “huge problem”. She highlighted that a local man with cancer recently came out of hospital to find his house surrounded by raw sewage. “His immune system is on the floor. I tried for hours to sort it and it still hasn't been resolved,” she added. Cllr Pat English expressed concerns over plans to decommission the water treatment plants at Glenary and Poulavanogue, leaving just the River Suir as the single raw water source for Clonmel. He said the council is putting “all its eggs in one basket” and leaving the water supply “wide open to contamination”. Council management responded to Cllr English’s concerns, underlining that there are capacity, safety and security issues with Glenary and Poulavanogue. “They are not very suitable for this growing, ambitious developing town." The new source is “the way to go” and will meet standards set across Europe. Management also said that in the case of a water issue out of hours, Irish Water makes the decision on whether it warrants immediate attention. If it does, they contact council staff who are then mobilised to address the issue. “There are appropriate water services staff on call every weekend throughout the entire county. They will investigate the matter and mobilise the necessary responses, whether it is a burst main or a sewage issue.”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2595
__label__wiki	0.516226	0.516226	Friday night vibes: double the trouble The album covers for “God Damnit” by Illenium featuring Call Me Karizma and “Hey DJ” by CNCO featuring Meghan Trainor and Sean Paul Photo courtesy of Spotify Pratika Katiyar, Team Leader Filed under Entertainment, Friday Night Vibes, Music, New on tjTODAY, Showcase As soon as new releases pop up on my Spotify feed, I rush to add as many of the recommended songs I can to my playlist. With that burst of adrenaline, it is hard to pick just one song to showcase since they’re all breathtaking. For that reason, I’ve picked two songs on opposite ends of the genre spectrum for today’s Friday night vibes. Friday night vibe #1: “Hey DJ” With songs like this, I applaud my decision to pursue learning Spanish. “Hey DJ” by CNCO featuring Sean Paul and Meghan Trainor is a Spanglish remix. In other words, the song “Hey DJ” was released earlier in CNCO’s sophomore album, but that song was solely in Spanish. Now with Meghan Trainor and Sean Paul, there is a beautiful twist that includes both the languages. Trainor’s harmonies add a fresh touch to the song, and her vocals soar over the catchy beat. The lyrics are infectious, but it’s hard to focus on them when the tune is so mesmerizing. Something that surprised me was how much I enjoyed listening to Sean Paul’s part. Normally, I am not a huge fan of his. However, while his portion in “Hey DJ” is signature to his own music, it still blends well with CNCO. Honestly, I wouldn’t be shocked if this song is at the top of anyone’s dance party playlist, because I know it’s such a bop that it’s at the top of mine. And hey, you might even catch me throwing an impromptu fiesta just because of this song. Friday night vibe #2: “God Damnit” Warning: this song contains explicit language Lyrics are overrated, or at least that’s what I tell people who ask me why I listen to EDM. Don’t get me wrong, I love music with lyrics. However, sometimes less is more. One of my favorite artists is Illenium, who finds powerful ways to express words through music. The dynamics he uses match the mood of the song, and the way the beats drop perfectly replicate how it feels to have your heartbroken. In Illenium’s newest song “God Damnit” featuring Call Me Karizma, the rap portions mixed in with the varying rhythm sent a chill down my spine because they were simply spectacular. In comparison to older songs of his, today’s song served a pleasant surprise with more lyrics than normal. However, these weren’t just filler lyrics, they served a purpose. The lyrics hit so close to my heart, as they referenced feelings of deteriorating mental health and losing someone you love. I cannot stress enough how much I love this song, and how much I want the world to hear it. Illenium’s previous songs such as “Lost” and “Take You Down” are so underrated it kills me. His music deserves the world, as it touches on so many feelings just through the power of instrumentals. I can’t even get past the first minute without hitting the replay button. Listen to “Hey DJ”, “God Damnit”, and the rest of my Friday night vibes playlist below: Aladdin – A movie review Hot Takes on the Top 5 Pop Songs This Week A New Way to Explore the Universe To Kill a Nation Why Supercell Games Lost Popularity at Jefferson It’s showtime! Friday night vibes: “Easier”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2596
__label__wiki	0.814514	0.814514	Lawyer M. Ravi granted bail of $20,000 PHOTO: ZB FILE SHAFFIQ IDRIS ALKHATIB, THE STRAITS TIMES Aug 27, 2017 10:21 am Lawyer M. Ravi, 48, was granted bail of $20,000 on Friday (Aug 25) after being remanded for psychiatric observation at the Institute of Mental Health for the last two weeks. Deputy Public Prosecutor Sarah Ong told the court that as part of Ravi's bail conditions, he cannot make any posts on Facebook or other social media platforms. He also cannot, by himself, through another person, or by any other means, abuse, cause annoyance, harass, insult or disturb others. DPP Ong added that Ravi is ordered not to "assault, use criminal force, cause hurt to others or otherwise commit any offence". Ravi, who has been barred from applying for a practising certificate for two years since last October, told District Judge Christopher Goh that he accepts these bail conditions. Judge Goh said if Ravi were to commit any further offences, his bail might be revoked. However, no one posted bail for him yesterday. Ex-army warrant officer jailed for hitting maid with plastic hanger Navy man gets 18 weeks' jail for taking upskirt shots Jail, cane for man who raped intern Father jailed seven weeks for hitting son Ravi is now represented by lawyer Richard Siaw, who told the court he is Ravi's former colleague. The non-practising human rights lawyer is facing seven charges. On three occasions in June, he allegedly broke into a law firm at the People's Park Centre where he used to work. He is accused of committing these offences with one Lai Yew Thiam, 56. They allegedly used a screwdriver to prise out a lock at the bottom of a glass door to enter a branch office of the Eugene Thuraisingam law firm at around 1pm on June 17. They allegedly entered the same office illegally on two other occasions later that month. Ravi had been head of knowledge management at the firm and was based at the Chinatown office, but The Straits Times understands that he lost his job in June and was told to vacate the premises by June 16. He was charged on June 30 but reoffended while out on bail, and was taken to court again on Aug 12 and served with more charges. This time, Ravi is accused of assaulting lawyer Jeannette Chong- Aruldoss, 54, and causing hurt by committing a rash act against Mr Nakoorsha Abdul Kadir on the seventh storey of The Adelphi building in Coleman Street on Aug 8. He allegedly pushed Mrs Chong-Aruldoss outside her workplace, another office of the Eugene Thuraisingam law firm, and she fell. He is also accused of throwing a bag at Mr Nakoorsha, a partner at the firm. Ravi also allegedly caused annoyance by using abusive language on others at the Sri Mariamman Temple on July 31 and Aug 11. The pre-trial conference for his cases will be held on Monday. courtsocial media	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2598
__label__wiki	0.685319	0.685319	Johnny Manziel hospitalized in Texas for reaction to bipolar medication, according to TMZ By: Bretton Keenan Andrew Weber <p>CLEVELAND, OH - DECEMBER 13: Quarterback Johnny Manziel #2 of the Cleveland Browns walks off the field during the end of the second quarter against the San Francisco 49ers at FirstEnergy Stadium on December 13, 2015 in Cleveland, Ohio. (Photo by Andrew Weber/Getty Images)</p> Johnny Manziel was hospitalized in Texas on Monday night after a reaction to medication, TMZ is reporting and USA TODAY has confirmed. Manziel posted the following message on Instagram: Sources close to Manziel told TMZ he was admitted to a hospital in Humble, Texas. Manziel's representative, Denise Michaels, told TMZ and USA TODAY that he's fine now. Manziel revealed he suffers from bipolar disorder on Good Morning America in February. He has been working to make an NFL comeback over the last several months.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2601
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__label__cc	0.647851	0.352149	Friday Capitol Letter In the House … The House passedlegislationWednesday that seeks to rescue the housing market, but also grants the Treasury Department authority to protect (read: bail out) Fannie Maeand Freddie Mac. The Postcalled the bill “the most sweeping federal overhaul of the mortgagefinance system since the Great Depression.” It will provide $4 billionin block grants for local communities to buy up foreclosed properties,as well as tax credits for struggling first-time homebuyers. (Criticsnote that incentivizing more home purchases at this point may not beprudent). In order to bail out Fannie and Freddie (and, notably, theirshareholders), the bill also raises the ceiling on the national debt to$10.6 trillion. The bill’s supporters now seek final approval by theSenate. President Bush rescinded his veto threat, essentially insuringthe bill will become law. The House Armed Services Committee reviewed the military’s “Don’tAsk, Don’t Tell” policy Wednesday. The hearing comes as Rep. EllenTauscher introduced a bill that would repeal the policy. A recentWashington Post/ABC News poll found that 75 percent of respondentssupported allowing gays to serve openly in the military, up from 62percent in 2001 and 44 percent in 1993. Democrats failed for the third time Thursday tomove a measure forward that would release oil from the StrategicPetroleum Reserve. Despite picking up 37 votes, and passing 268-157, itfailed to pick up the two-thirds majority necessary to clear aprocedural hurdle. In the Senate … A bill that would have given the government newauthority to rein in oil speculators failed a Senate provisionalvote 50-43, failing to garner the 60 votes required to overcome a GOPfilibuster. Republicans contested that the bill should contain aprovision for offshore drilling and oil shale field development in theWest. Republican Senator Jim DeMint said Wednesday said he wants propose anamendment to the Housing bill that would prevent mortgage companiesfrom lobbying Congress. He threatened to the stall senate withprocedural delays until his bill was brought for a vote. It’s currentlyscheduled to be voted on on Saturday. Attorney General Terry Goddard andSenate Majority Leader Harry Reid gave testimony on polygamy related crimes Thursday tothe Senate Judiciary Committee. “The lawless conduct of polygamouscommunities in the United States deserves national attention and federalaction,” Reid said. — Bobby Allyn	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2603
__label__wiki	0.933142	0.933142	Another Music Lover's Blog The Sitemaps Who Sang Pop Music Talk About admin March 13, 2019 Comments Off on Who Sang Pop Music Talk About Talk About Pop Music. 421 likes. Pop, Playlists & Pizzazz – if you love 80s music, new music, Eurovision, cheesy pop and awesome playlists then let's get. It was almost easier to sing about it than talk about it. “Music has always provided that for me where I felt like, ‘Oh, this is a safe stage where I can really just pour my heart out,’ where sometime. There were precedents for the slow, sprawling emptiness that became his signature—first sonically, as the frontman of post-rock legends Talk. music the way you navigate an open field. Hollis. Oct 04, 2008 · "Top Of The Pops" Show (1969) Category Music; Song Where Do You Go To (My Lovely) (Re-Recorded) Artist Dec 1, 2015. And while it's true that vocal comping is used heavily in pop music where. "She sat on the stool and sang the song for six hours until it was. or overproduced, each producer I talked to said this is not the result of comping. Oct 7, 2003. The music sounds essentially the same in both versions, because. She finds her mark and sings “now that your wallet is all lit up” to him so. London Paris Munich, everybody talk about/ pop music” into millions of cortices. Cheryl Lau "Samantha" Sang (born 5 August 1951) is an Australian singer from Melbourne who had an earlier career as Cheryl Gray.She had a number eight hit in Australia with "You Made Me What I Am" in 1967. By 1969, she had relocated to the United Kingdom, where she worked with the Bee Gees before returning to Australia in 1975. Sang reconnected with the Bee Gees in 1977 and had a number three. Dec 19, 2017. A farewell note from K-pop star Jonghyun, of boy band SHINee, hints at. Korean -American singer Charles Park, known by his stage name Seo. Who understand the business but can speak for the artists as well as the company. Did Prince have an overdose because of the American music industry? Known for her breathy, understated voice and imaginative covers of pop and rock songs from the likes of the Rolling Stones and ABBA, Bruni makes her Bay Area debut Feb. 23 at San Francisco’s Venetian. This tour will also find the folk-pop artist sharing songs. granddaughter] Brenda Evans, who sang with her on "Shake Sugaree." Brenda was 12 when they recorded that, she’s 65 now. And not only was. For readers who enjoy 80's pop culture references, video games, and dystopian showdowns. Talking to Girls About Duran Duran Book Cover Picture. Buy. Aug 25, 2014. The members of pop-rock trio Les B.B. are remembered today more for their. Shore cut/mullet) are no longer in style, and lead singer Patrick Bourgeois. And honestly, it's the song that comes to mind whenever people talk. Oct 18, 2018. Country music's all-time greatest female artist is a mix of power and beauty. She's a savvy. Think you know who we're talking about? Because that. Ask a pop- leaning country singer under 30 who her No. 1 influence has. Sang definition, simple past tense of sing. See more. Facts: "From the Archives of the Original Firesign Theatre Radio Hour. As First Broadcast December 6, 1941. Rebroadcast Courtesy of Loostners Bros. Soap Co." Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico, particularly intended for teenagers and young adults. Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language.Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s, when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel’s, Lynda Thomas’, Selena’s, Thalía’s, Gloria Trevi’s and Paulina Rubio’s debuts. "The Bad Touch" is a song recorded by American alternative rock band Bloodhound Gang. It was released on May 31, 1999 as the lead single from their album Hooray for Boobies, which was released a year later, in the US and UK.The song was remixed by many artists including God Lives Underwater, KMFDM, and Eiffel 65 and was referenced by Eminem in his song "The Real Slim Shady". After months of waiting, a Peterborough alt-pop musician is excited to finally get to share more about her appearance on CTV’s The Launch after the episode of the reality music competition. Apr 3, 2009. Singer and lyricist Ronan Murphy is influenced by literature and pop. and her bespoke command of graceful indie stylings do all the talking. Apr 15, 2015. Specifically, this song is against homophobia; the music video. Hozier sings, " Take me to church / I'll worship like a dog at the. Let's talk. Dec 20, 2017. There's something not right about the Hugh Jackman circus musical. of senseless clichés, the melodies ground out of some viral pop-music machine. In “Never Enough,” we see Rebecca Ferguson as world-renowned singer Jenny Lind, belting. None of them have any kind of character arc to speak of. Did you ever YouTube-channel surf through various 50 Cent non-music. Curren$y raps about marijuana the way a sommelier can talk your ear off about a Pinot Noir. have crossed over to the pantheon of pop star heroes, in the world of hip-hop. “A lady that I know came from Colombia,” sang former Beatles drummer. Videos Of Sperm Whales Singing Sperm whales hunt for prey a mile beneath the surface, in total darkness. To do this, they rely on a unique process, also used by bats, to locate their prey. Jan 19, 2019. Sperm whales rest after a long day of socializing. considered a delicate water ballet (in a recent Moment in Nature video of Mark Hollis will forever be known for the song “It’s My Life,” but among the former Talk Talk leader’s wildly devoted. control — he wandered so far afield from the rest of the pop music scene as th. There’s a reason that the Kidz Bop CD series was born. Pop songs with catchy tunes, a memorable chorus and lyrics that paint amazingly nasty pictures in one’s head are too many too count. But I’ll giv. “Wasteland” sees her honing her melodic, sing-rapping side, and it’s catchy stuff. abstract UK act Vanishing Twin — who mix jazz, pop, soundtrack music, psych, prog and more into a unique, organic. Us Copyright Of Multiple Hymns What is the Siri Guru Granth Sahib? The Guru Granth Sahib was first compiled by the Fifth Sikh Guru, Arjan Dev, in 1604 in the city of Amritsar. A huge archive of Hymns and Sacred Music trivia quizzes. Over 1,270 trivia questions to answer! Play our quiz games to test your knowledge. How much do There are love songs. from Iggy Pop, who had 29, The Fall, who also had 29, Bowling for Soup with 28, Dead Milkmen with 24, and The Dead Kennedys with 23”. Most Mentioned Cars in Song Lyrics “Now t. These are the best rap, rock, dance, EDM, and other music videos released in 2017. Today, videos for major hits can rack up more than a billion views, and pop. When Lecrae talks about "making it," there's no conspicuous achievement , but. Elektriks' lead singer (Hervé Salters) and the energy he exhibits in this video. Jun 16, 2015. Today's pop music certainly makes it seem like a tenor's world out there. But if you're. A tenor is the highest classification of male voice that sings primarily in chest voice. Please dont talk or discuss about music or singing. Mar 22, 2017. As part of Music Week on Citius Mag, we ranked and compiled the definitive list of. But I'm also not a melodramatic singer-songwriter. from the most recent golden age of U.K. pop-rock bands, and essentially plucked up. Talk Talk formed in 1981 and had hits in several countries with songs including "It’s My Life" – covered by No Doubt in 2003 – and "Life’s What You Make it." Both songs were powered by a distinctive s. the two sisters talk about working with Tucker Martine in Portland, Ore. and how his participation helped broaden and empower their sound. But what was so much fun about this guest DJ show were the Sw. The rules of pop music used to be so simple. Rappers rapped, singers sang, and Auto-Tune pitch-correction. for creating hit records. For all the talk of JAY-Z dunking on T-Pain, “D.O.A. “You don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows,” Bob Dylan sang. But these days, a guide through the seemingly endless flurry of pop culture. screen in TV, music and film for the com. Light Crusader Town Music Adding Machine Synopsis Musical Add to Watch Later. This show's run time will be posted below the synopsis at left near the date of the first performance. Last evening at the 7th Annual Portland Area Musical Theatre Awards, affectionately referred to. “If part of the joy of rock 'n' roll is watching musicians work their Jackson’s influence trickled down the the next generation of hit makers, because the hold he had on pop music was unmatched. That’s so wonderful!’ Then he sang it in Justin’s style. He could sing j. Held at London’s Royal Garden Hotel, Mar. 5-8, ILMC was attended by 1,800 live music professionals, including delegates from over 60 countries. The conference concludes today with a keynote talk by Du. NEW YORK— Jessie Woo just wanted to sing. So when the budding vocalist met a successful. Other women navigating the pop music industry have started to speak out about similar experiences, after the. With seven No. 1 albums (including their current release, Future Pop) and 21 consecutive. was when everyone sang along to the English part of the songs so loud. We don’t really know you very well i. ← Light Crusader Town Music Lee Byung Hun Singing → The Category Section Read our Writing Skunk Funk Urban Dictionary Youtube Just Dance Uptown Funk Curtis Jones Highway 51 Blues Private Dance Rooms Cmu Cantor De Funk Gospel Doug Heffernan Doing Th Epole Dance Carey Morgan Blues My Naughty Neko Case With Orchestra Cities With Best Live Music Georgia Good Hymns To Use For Prelude Kiandra Kiki Richardson Singer Do A Little Dance On The Catwalk Classical Music Humor Quotes Blues Before Sunrise Radio Show Good Modern Singing Songs Michael Mcgilvary Country Singer Musical Instrument Dealer Fargo Phantom Of The Opera Dublin Jack Johnson Rapper 2019 Rain Dance Pokemon Oras	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2610
__label__wiki	0.835604	0.835604	Mexico City’s Day of the Dead parade honours earthquake rescuers By Maria VerzaThe Associated Press Sat., Oct. 28, 2017timer2 min. read MEXICO CITY—A raised fist made of helmets, pick axes and broken rubble rolled ahead of hundreds of walking skeletons, costumed dancers and flowery floats Saturday in Mexico City’s Day of the Dead parade, which this year honoured the 228 capital residents killed by a Sept. 19 earthquake. “Thank you, rescuers!” belted out Guadalupe Perez, 56, as she passed the sculpture, which was followed by contingents of rescuers, including dogs. Mexico City’s central Zocalo plaza was filled by the papier maché dead, skeletal Katrina figures and candle-covered shrines where people were invited to place photographs of those killed in two recent earthquakes, which together left more than 400 dead across the country. A raised fist was the signal the rescuers gave for silence to hear if anyone was trapped under the rubble of a collapsed building. It “has become a national and international symbol,” parade co-ordinator Julio Blasina told The Associated Press. Lives lost in Mexico earthquake could have been saved, engineers say Families of missing in Mexico earthquake still hold out hope as rescue operations continue “We had an obligation to pay tribute to the fallen, while transmitting the message that the city is still standing,” Blasina said. This year’s parade featured a kilometre-and-a-half of floats honouring the celebration, which is an amalgam of pre-Hispanic and other traditions. White, orange, purple and black paper cut-outs covered part of the Zocalo. Beneath them were papier maché skeletons with rescue vests and helmets, symbolizing volunteers and victims from the regions affected by the earthquakes, including Oaxaca, Chiapas, Morelos, Puebla and Guerrero. “We must not forget that the country is in mourning because there are many who do not have a home,” said Guadalupe Perez, whose apartment was badly damaged in a quake. “But this is a beautiful party, unique in the world.” Mexico’s Day of the Dead celebrations traditionally consisted of quiet family gatherings at the graves of their departed loved ones bringing them music, drink and conversation. On the Nov. 1-2 holiday, Mexicans set up altars with photographs of the dead and plates of their favourite foods in their homes. They gathered at their loved ones’ gravesides to drink, sing and talk to the dead. In some towns, families leave a trail of orange marigold petals in a path to their doorways so the spirits of the dead can find their way home. Some light bonfires for the same purpose, sitting around the fire and warming themselves with cups of boiled-fruit punch to ward off the autumn chill. But it is increasingly celebrated with parades rife with floats, giant skeleton marionettes and thousands of participants. Influences of American Halloween celebrations and Hollywood zombie films are common. “All our roots are reflected here,” said Leo Cancino, who took his family to see Saturday’s parade in Mexico City. “Many are afraid of death but no, it’s part of life.”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2612
__label__wiki	0.975341	0.975341	will.i.farm The Voice Kids coach Will.I.Am announces he wants to buy Surrey farm as co-star Pixie Lott reveals star-studded wedding plans The American pop supremo announces he's craving a simpler life as he and co-stars Danny Jones and Pixie Lott talk future plans From Dan Wootton's Bizarre TV Column Updated: 13 Jul 2017, 20:32 HE’S known for his love of modern technology and futuristic style but it sounds like WILL.I.AM might be craving a simpler life. The pop supremo was on typically unpredictable form yesterday as he and his Voice Kids co-stars DANNY JONES and PIXIE LOTT took over my Bizarre TV column for the day. The Voice Kids judge Will.I.Am has revealed he's getting broody for a UK home, and would like to buy a farm in Surrey He even revealed shock plans to buy a British farm. Since getting on board with The Voice Kids this year, the American has spent an increasing amount of time across the pond and wants to settle here permanently. He said: “I’m getting broody for a house in the UK. I would love to buy a house over here. “You can’t have a house in London, there’s no houses with yards. So I would like to buy a farm in Surrey.” He added: “I’m not great with animals but I wouldn’t mind an agricultural farm, some fields and that.” Two years ago Will’s preference was for a move to London’s Shard skyscraper but said he was unable to afford it on his wages when The Voice was on the BBC. The US pop supremo stars alongside co-judges Pixie Lott and Danny Jones on ITV's The Voice KidsCredit: ITV Picture Desk At the time he told The Sun: “I want to live in the Shard but it’s expensive and this show doesn’t really pay the bill but I’ll figure it out.” Let’s hope he’s had a pay rise since the programme moved to ITV. But since he’s had a change of heart and a yearning for the rural life, Will won’t be short of advice in the celebrity farming community. Four years ago JLS singer JB GILL took up rearing poultry after calling time on his pop career and now runs a turkey company with his dad Keith in Kent. Will did want to buy a luxury flat in the Shard, but couldn't afford to do so on a BBC wageCredit: Rex Features MOST READ IN BIZARRE LEWIS CA-PULLED Lewis Capaldi mobbed by bikini babes in Ibiza after saying he can't pull DEADLY END Corrie's Katie McGlynn to exit soap after Sinead Tinker loses cancer battle ANTARCTIC & DEC Ant back for I’m A Celeb after booze woes as he films cheeky promo with Dec RACHEL SMILEY Rachel Riley looks radiant as she shows off her baby bump in a green bikini BRENDAN XPLODES Brendan Cole's fury at being kept waiting hours at Celeb X Factor audition 'I CRIED & CRIED' Kate Winslet's 'dying mum urged her to go on Who Do You Think You Are?' BRAVE VIN BACK Vinnie Jones returns to work on X Factor days after death of wife Tanya STRICTLY NO PROMOTION Oti will NOT be judge on Strictly - in case it upsets the other pros BREAK ME UP BEFORE YOU GO-GO George Michael's squatter ex Fadi wrecks late star’s £5m home MACCA MUSICAL Sir Paul McCartney is working on musical adaption of It's A Wonderful Life Will isn't the only celeb after a farm, Paul O'Grady looks after 200 sheep on an estate in the south eastCredit: ITV Comedian PAUL O’GRADY looks after 200 sheep on an estate in the south east, while BLUR rocker ALEX JAMES has become a celebrated cheese maker in the Cotswolds. But while Will is a technology genius, he might find ploughing a field is trickier than it looks. Let’s hope there’s an app for that . . . 'CUTE' DIG AT BEEB BATTLE SHOW THE Voice Kids has consistently smashed its BBC rival Pitch Battle in the ratings war – and the coaches couldn’t be happier. The Saturday-evening shows first went head to head on June 18 with ITV’s talent contest pulling in 3.5million fans and BBC1’s show reaching 2.9million. And The Voice Kids has so far managed to maintain their comfortable lead of 600,000 fans every week. When told about the ratings lead, coach Danny Jones said: “Oh that’s amazing, cool! That’s really good to hear. “In anything you do in life if you put effort in and you do it for the right reason, it’s great to see a reward for that.” And fellow judge Will.i.am, who left the BBC last year, claimed he hadn’t even heard of the choir contest, which is judged by GARETH MALONE and KELIS. The musician added: “BBC1 has a singing competition again? That’s cute. I think it’s awesome we’ve got more viewers, I love it. I didn’t even know they had a TV show.” It sounds as if his BBC days are well and truly behind him. DANNY learnt Will.i.am’s drink of choice during a night out in Manchester – and it’s not what you’d expect. Danny said: “It’s a triple shot of vodka with water. He says it’s the zero calorie drink.” Aisle get Danny to sing at big day, says Pixie WITH her wedding to model OLIVER CHESHIRE just around the corner, Pixie Lott has co-star Danny Jones lined up as the perfect entertainment. She’s confirmed the McFLY man has promised to sing at her big day. Pixie Lott's wedding to model Olive Cheshire is now just around the cornerCredit: Splash News In an exclusive interview, Pixie said: “I’m hoping he does it, he has said it a couple of times. I was hoping he wasn’t just saying that in interviews and won’t actually deliver. "Make sure you print it. I would love him as the wedding entertainment.” The singer revealed she's after co-star Danny Jones to sing at her big dayCredit: Rex Features But Danny joked she might have to make do with him singing solo, as the full band do not come cheap. And Pixie, who I exclusively revealed last year would be tying the knot to Oliver, says she’ll be glad to have a night off after singing at her pals’ weddings. She added: “I’m literally like the token wedding singer at the moment. Danny joked he may have to go solo for the big day, as the full band do not come cheapCredit: Rex Features “Everyone who’s getting married who I know is asking me to sing at their wedding, so at my own wedding it would be nice to just enjoy it.” When Danny was quizzed about his offer, he joked: “The thing is she won’t like my invoice.” But later he confirmed: “Of course I’d perform at her wedding. We could do it as a wedding present.” That beats the usual gift vouchers. Pixie said she is the token wedding singer for her friends, so it'll be nice to have a day off on her big day TENSION flares in EMMERDALE as Debbie and Harriet bicker over Cain. The pair find it tough to be friends as Debbie’s loyalties lie with Moira. Meanwhile, Finn gets a job at Home Farm and Lachlan enjoys having authority over someone, even if it does turn out to be short-lived. In HOLLYOAKS, Darren’s problems go from bad to worse when he finds out about Alfie and Tom getting rid of the weed. Darren thinks he’s got away with it, until Shane figures out the truth and demands more from Darren as payback. Elsewhere, Leela worries when she sees Cindy with Armstrong and wonders what it could all mean. Gay World War Two series is 'graphic' THE raunchiest jewel in the crown of the BBC’s Gay Britannia season crown is undoubtedly Man In An Orange Shirt, starring VANESSA REDGRAVE and JULIAN MORRIS. The two-part drama, which centres on a pair of World War Two soldiers who fall in love, contains some of the most graphic gay sex scenes ever to be broadcast on British TV. BBC drama Man In An Orange Shirt stars Julian Morris and contains some of the most graphic gay sex scenes ever on British TVCredit: Not known refer to copyright holder Director Michael Samuels has defended the scenes, arguing that they are vital to the story being told. He said: “We are used to scenes being turned down. I just wanted to treat it as if it was anything else, like a heterosexual drama with the love making. The series is due to screen on BBC1 later this month. Executive producer Diederick Santer, who used to write for EastEnders, said: “It was easy selling the script to the BBC. We found the BBC ready to tell the story.” What an important story to tell. The Voice Kids 2017	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2614
__label__wiki	0.992242	0.992242	kris and make up Shirley Ballas reveals she’s forgiven Kristina Rihanoff for waltzing off with her dancer husband New Strictly Head Judge reveals she no longer holds a grudge after Russian siren Kristina got together with her former hubby and dance partner Corky Ballas. By Olivia Waring 10 Sep 2017, 0:31 Updated: 10 Sep 2017, 0:32 STRICTLY'S Shirley Ballas claims she's buried the hatchet with Russian dance pro Kristina Rihanoff after she had a five-year love affair with her ex-husband. The new Head Judge was wed to dance partner Corky Ballas for nearly two decades - so it came as a shock when he went off with his much younger dance pupil, sexy "Siberian siren" Kristina. Shirley Ballas says there's no bad blood with her and Kristina RihanoffCredit: Getty Images - Getty Notorious man-eater Kristina Rihanoff seduced Shirley's husband Latin dance champion Shirley, 56, had separated from Corky, 56, when he entered a relationship with Kristina but was yet to divorce him. But "people person" shirley insists she does not hold a grudge against Kristina, 39, now in a serious relationship with rugby star Ben Cohen, who left his wife for her. She told The Daily Star on Sunday: “I’ve had lunch with Kristina. I’m a people person. I love people.” Asked whether she'd have a problem with Kristina coming back to Strictly, she added: “It would be absolutely fine. "I have no issues with anybody being on the show at all.” Texas-born Corky and Wallasey native Shirley had married in 1985 and welcomed their only child Mark a year later. Shirley and Corky had a family together but split before Kristina came along Kristina romanced Corky for five years Since then Shirley has had a successful career, coaching on US show Dancing With The Stars, and seems willing to let the drama with Kristina - who also romanced contestant Joe Calzaghe - go. Shirley, who was compared to former judge Arlene Phillips by viewers during her first appearance, is not going to be so kind when it comes to the celebs on the new series. Kristina with current partner, rugby star Ben Cohen Making it clear she will be even nastier than Craig Revel-Horwood, she said: “[The celebs] don’t want to look like octopuses flailing in the water. "Then we have to have chemistry in the performance week in, week out – even if they don’t know what they’re doing. The show must go on.” The raven-haired expert also said she has been getting on best with Darcey Bussell on the panel, and says she's preparing to be a calm influence when Bruno Tonioli starts to "wave his arms like a helicopter". Strictly kicks off in earnest on September 23. Strictly Come Dancing 2017	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2615
__label__wiki	0.732459	0.732459	TOHOKU UNIVERSITY CREATING GLOBAL EXCELLENCE Contact Tohoku University Top Global University Project Designated National University Research Releases University Research News Visitor Research Center Academic Research Staff International Support Office Dining & Shops Campus Bus Clubs & Circles International Visit New cognitive training game to improve driving skills among the elderly Researchers at Tohoku University have developed a new cognitive training game aimed at improving road safety among elderly drivers. The game, "Cognitive Training for Car Driving" (CTCD), requires only a set top box and a TV, and for users to play it regularly. This new training game comes at a time when the number of older car drivers worldwide is increasing, leading to accidents caused by age-related cognitive decline among drivers. To investigate the effectiveness of CTCD on driving skills, the research team at the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, led by Dr. Rui Nouchi and Ryuta Kawashima, conducted a randomized controlled trial study (RCT). Sixty adults between the ages of 65-80 were randomly divided into two groups - one group played CTCD while the other played other video games (OVG) for six weeks. They played for 20 minutes a day, for at least five days a week. How the game works: Fig.1A, 1B ⒸTohoku University Two signs with two numbers are presented on the TV screen. Participants are asked to select the sign with the larger number as quickly as possible. In the case shown in Figure 1B, the sign on the right is the correct choice. Fig.1C, 1DFig.1C, 1D ⒸTohoku University In the dual attention training exercises, participants are asked to perform two tasks simultaneously. For the first task (shown in 1C), a stimulus (pink musical notes) moves along a circle. Participants are asked to push the button if the stimulus is hidden behind the mark (orange circle with a yellow star). For the second task, participants are asked to identify an approaching target and push the button if the target is human. In the case presented in Figure 1C, participants do not push the button because the target is an obstacle. In the speed prediction exercise (shown in 1D), a target moves behind a wall from left to right on the TV monitor. Participants are asked to push the button when the target comes out from behind the wall. Car driving skills, cognitive functions and players' emotional states were measured before and after the six-week intervention period. The results showed that the older adults who played CTCD had improved car driving skills, cognitive functions and felt more invigorated compared to those who played OVG (Fig2). Fig.2) The summary of the results. The changed scores were calculated using the post-intervention score minus the pre-intervention score. Error bars were standard errors. ⒸTohoku University "These results extended our previous findings that regular use of a simple cognitive training game can benefit older adults who drive cars," said Nouchi. He added that the team now hopes to take the research further, to investigate ways that CTCD can help reduce road accidents among older drivers. Title: Newly developed TV-based cognitive training games improve car driving skills, cognitive functions and mood in healthy older adults: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial Authors: Rui Nouchi, Akiko Kobayashi, Haruka Nouchi, Ryuta Kawashima Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience DOI: doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00099 Press release in Japanese Rui Nouchi Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer Email: rui tohoku.ac.jp Ryuta Kawashima Lab Rui Nouchi Lab About Tohoku University	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2619
__label__wiki	0.533674	0.533674	Coleman: Into the Wild May 13, 2013 by MatthewEditor When Richard L. Guilfoile joined Coleman in 2000, the “outdoor boom” of the 90s was at an end and fewer people wanted – or could afford – to go camping, meaning less need for the company’s products and “quite a mess.” Now, Guilfoile, President of Coleman Japan and the Asia Pacific region, says the company is in an excellent position and has had six consecutive years of success. “It was a difficult time when I joined, “ he says, “the bubble economy had imploded and various industries like the fishing and outdoors business started tanking. We’ve gone through a lot of crazy stuff to get to where we are today.” A traditional camping company was not going to survive without campers. “The marketing guys came to me and they had all these figures. They told me that the camping population amongst those aged 14-55 in Japan was just 7% but that the ratio of people who wanted to camp was maybe 70%.” “We had two choices, I thought, ‘we’re either going to have a business, or we’re going to turn off the lights, lock the door and throw the keys in the river and forget about it.’” Richard L. Guilfoile, President of Coleman Japan Guilfoile says his team embarked on a diversification process: “picnic goods, barbecue items, products for the beach and other non-camping gear like backpacks for city use were around 6% of sales. ‘How do we get that to 40%?’ I thought.” “We also quickly realized we needed to move towards Japan specific skewed products.” Considering lifestyles when not camping was a start – small houses means not much storage, meaning products need to be compact. Right now, Guilfoile says, around 55% of Coleman Japan’s goods are considered “non-camping” – in part due to the success of its rucksacks. “My boss would tell you that he sees the Japanese team as the thought leaders in terms of the innovative things that we do and products we bring to the market … people in their marketing team say ‘god I love it, I love it, I wish we could do this’, or, ‘you guys are crazy, how could you do this?’” When taking the model to South Korea in 2005, Coleman faced some challenges. “What I call a heavy camper in Japan will go 12 times but in Korea, maybe 30. Koreans don’t look at weather, Japanese do – they won’t go if it’s going to rain – so they each have different spec/durability requirements.” “It’s all about comfort here. The stuff people pull out of their cars is incredible – you sit down and eat as you would in your own home as opposed to eating a hot dog on a rock. Cooking is pretty serious too, one reason we’re doing good business with what we call our Dutch ovens.” Now, a neat LED Quad Lantern with four removable panels (“great if the kids need to go to the toilet…”) is Coleman’s top selling product, but it will never stop selling its “heritage product”, the iconic gas lantern. “To our customers, we are the lantern company.” Guilfoile, a camper himself – he cites the Fuji Five Lakes and Izu areas among his favourites – says there is no room for complacency: “We’re looking for ways to appeal to a younger audience, particularly women, and that’s starting to go well. We’ve gone through a little bit of shaking up and doing more free thinking and looking at categories we haven’t worked with much in the past – involving more outside design help too.” “The goal that we are going for in the next two years, to 2015, is to have fewer, but bigger-hit items. It’s easy to have a lot of guppies floating around, and it’s nice, but they are not necessarily adding to the bottom line.” Tags: Camping company in Japan, Coleman expansion in Japan, Coleman Japan, Coleman products, Outdoor gear in Japan, Richard Guilfoile interview Thinking Outside of the Box CEO Interview: Eddie Bauer Japan A Much Needed Summit Survey: Asia Pacific salaries projected to increase in 2013 David 1, Goliath 0	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2620
__label__cc	0.716047	0.283953	Can the Pope Francis economy change the world? credit: c/o Fast Co Exist Pope Francis is seeking to address global problems by calling young people, regardless of faith, to take action. Just last month, Pope Francis has published a letter inviting young professionals to travel to Assisi, Italy next year. Assisi, known as the City of Peace, is also the home of St. Francis of Assisi. With the new economy, "the economy of Francis," the Pope aspires to inspire change and promote better business models through this initiative. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Shapers Survey, an annual study conducted in 186 countries, it makes sense for Francis to recruit a young population to act and develop solutions to problems, such as climate change and inequality. The question being asked is, should entrepreneurship be part of the solution of problems? The author, Sergio Palacios, commented that he believes entrepreneurship is a powerful tool to solve small and big problems. In connection with the Pope Francis' new economy, Palacios adds that entrepreneurship is not limited to starting and owning a business, but also encompasses acting entrepreneurially inside organizations, from startups and small nonprofits to big corporations. Palacios, who is also a an entrepreneurship educator and scholar at St. Mary's University, writes that in educational institutions, including St. Mary's, students and alumni taking action as members of the entrepreneurial ecosystems will help improve the planet and create value for generations to come. Read the Entire Article Executive Director Jobs National Fire Plan Rural Fire Assistance \| Medical Reserve Corps Small Grant Program \| CAPITAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS \| State Medicaid Fraud Control Units \| Comprehensive Geriatric Education Program(CGEP) \| Mental Health Research Grants \| Aviation Research Grants \| Wildlife Without Borders- Latin America and the Caribbean \| Site Style by YAML \| Grants.gov \| Grants \| Grants News \| Sitemap \| Privacy Policy	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2621
__label__cc	0.667904	0.332096	全球最全面的材料性能数据库主要优势它能为你做什么领先特性数据质量能源及公共事业搜索和分析研究院和科学院多样化的服务产品组成多用户解决方案 PDF 资料下载材料基础知识新闻和更新帮助和演示在线讲座(Webinar) 纳米钢材夏比冲击钢试验：第二部分核材料中的辐照效应：第二部分镍合金的热撕裂 DataPLUS 模块提供上万种金属材料和非金属材料的腐蚀数据、焊接性能、尺寸与公差信息以及涂层信息。点击这里了解更多。 Introduction to Total Materia Integrator 2019年7月9日 Total Materia Tips and Tricks 2019年9月6日合作伙伴和 OEM 解决方案在使用Total Materia几个月之后，以及深刻体验过所有潜在功能之后，我非常感谢你们的卓越工作和持续稳定的升级服务。 Total Materia始终是用来达成这一目的唯一工具。 Bonfiglioli Industrial Gearmotors 博洛尼亚, 意大利我们的目标很简单, 就是让 Total Materia 成为全球工程师在材料领域的首选一站式解决方案现在定购 Lead and Lead Alloys Lead was one of the first metals known to man. Probably the oldest lead artifact is a figure made about 3000 BC. All civilizations, beginning with the ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, have used lead for many ornamental and structural purposes. Many magnificent buildings erected in the 15th and 16th centuries still stand under their original lead roofs... Lead was one of the first metals known to man. Probably the oldest lead artifact is a figure made about 3000 BC. All civilizations, beginning with the ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, have used lead for many ornamental and structural purposes. Many magnificent buildings erected in the 15th and 16th centuries still stand under their original lead roofs. Compositions and Grades Bellow is listed the Unified Numbering System (UNS) designations for various pure lead grades and lead-base alloys. Pure leads L50000 - L50099 Lead - silver alloys L50100 - L50199 Lead - arsenic alloys L50300 - L50399 Lead - barium alloys L50500 - L50599 Lead - calcium alloys L50700 - L50899 Lead - cadmium alloys L50900 - L50999 Lead - copper alloys L51100 - L51199 Lead - indium alloys L51500 - L51599 Lead - lithium alloys L51700 - L51799 Lead - antimony alloys L52500 - L53799 Lead - tin alloys L54000 - L55099 Lead - strontium alloys L55200 - L55299 Grades of lead Grades are pure lead (also called corroding lead) and common lead (both containing 99.94% min lead), and chemical lead and acid-copper lead (both containing 99.90% min lead). Lead of higher specified purity (99.99%) is also available in commercial quantities. Specifications other than ASTM B 29 for grades of pig lead include federal specification QQ-L-171, German standard DIN 1719, British specification BS 334, Canadian Standard CSA-HP2, and Australian Standard 1812. Corroding Lead. Most lead produced in the United States is pure (or corroding) lead (99.94% min Pb). Corroding lead which exhibits the outstanding corrosion resistance typical of lead and its alloys. Corroding lead is used in making pigments, lead oxides, and a wide variety of other lead chemicals. Chemical Lead. Refined lead with a residual copper content of 0.04 to 0.08% and a residual silver content of 0.002 to 0.02% is particularly desirable in the chemical industries and thus is called chemical lead. Copper-bearing lead provides corrosion protection comparable to that of chemical lead in most applications that require high corrosion resistance. Common lead, which contains higher amounts of silver and bismuth than does corroding lead, is used for battery oxide and general alloying. Lead-Base Alloys Because lead is very soft and ductile, it is normally used Commercially as lead alloys. Antimony, tin, arsenic, and calcium are the most common alloying elements. Antimony generally is used to give greater hardness and strength, as in storage battery grids, sheet, pipe, and castings. Antimony contents of lead-antimony alloys can range from 0.5 to 25%, but they are usually 2 to 5%. Lead-calcium alloys have replaced lead-antimony alloys in a number of applications, in particular, storage battery grids and casting applications. These alloys contain 0.03 to 0.15% Ca. More recently, aluminum has been added to calcium-lead and calcium-tin-lead alloys as a stabilizer for calcium. Adding tin to lead or lead alloys increases hardness and strength, but lead-tin alloys are more commonly used for their good melting, casting, and wetting properties, as in type metals and solders. Tin gives the alloy the ability to wet and bond with metals such as steel and copper; unalloyed lead has poor wetting characteristics. Tin combined with lead and bismuth or cadmium forms the principal ingredient of many low-melting alloys. Arsenical lead (UNS L50310) is used for cable sheathing. Arsenic is often used to harden lead-antimony alloys and is essential to the production of round dropped shot. Properties of Lead The properties of lead that make it useful in a wide variety of applications are density, malleability, lubricity, flexibility, electrical conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion, all of which are quite high; and elastic modulus, elastic limit, strength, hardness, and melting point, all of which are quite low. Lead also has good resistance to corrosion under a wide variety of conditions. Lead is easily alloyed with many other metals and casts with little difficulty. The high density of lead (11.35 g/cm3, at room temperature) makes it very effective in shielding against x-rays and gamma radiation. The combination of high density, high limpness (low stiffness), and high damping capacity makes lead an excellent material for deadening sound and for isolating equipment and structures from mechanical vibrations. Malleability, softness, and lubricity are three related properties that account for the extensive use of lead in many applications. The low tensile strength and low creep strength of lead must always be considered when designing lead components. The principal limitation on the use of lead as a structural material is not its low tensile strength but its susceptibility to creep. Lead continuously deforms at low stresses and this deformation ultimately results in failure at stresses far below the ultimate tensile strength. The low strength of lead does not necessarily preclude its use. Lead products can be designed to be self-supporting, or inserts or supports of other materials can be provided. Alloying with other metals, notably calcium or antimony, is a common method of strengthening lead for many applications. In general, consideration should always be given to supporting lead structures by lead-covered steel straps. When lead is used as a lining in a structure made of a stronger material, the lining can be supported by bonding it to the structure. With the development of improved bonding and adhesive techniques, composites of lead with other materials can be made. Composites have improved strength yet also retain the desirable properties of lead. Products and Applications The most significant applications of lead and lead alloys are lead-acid storage batteries (in the grid plates, posts, and connector straps), ammunition, cable sheathing, and building construction materials (such as sheet, pipe, solder, and wool for caulking). Other important applications include counterweights, battery clamps and other cast products such as: bearings, ballast, gaskets, type metal, terneplate, and foil. Lead in various forms and combinations is finding increased application as a material for controlling sound and mechanical vibrations. Also, in many forms it is important as shielding against x-rays and, in the nuclear industry, gamma rays. In addition, lead is used as an alloying element in steel and in copper alloys to improve machinability and other characteristics, and it is used in fusible (low-melting) alloys for fire sprinkler systems. Battery Grids. The largest use of lead is in the manufacture of lead-acid storage batteries. These batteries consist of a series of grid plates made from either cast or wrought calcium lead or antimonial lead that is pasted with a mixture of lead oxides and immersed in sulfuric acid. Type metals, a class of metals used in the printing industry, generally consist of lead-antimony and tin alloys. Small amounts of copper are added to increase hardness for some applications. Cable Sheathing. Lead sheathing extruded around electrical power and communication cables gives the most durable protection against moisture and corrosion damage, and provides mechanical protection of the insulation. Chemical lead, 1% antimonial lead, and arsenical lead are most commonly employed for this purpose. Sheet. Lead sheet is a construction material of major importance in chemical and related industries because lead resists attack by a wide range of chemicals. Lead sheet is also used in building construction for roofing and flashing, shower pans, flooring, x-ray and gamma-ray protection, and vibration damping and soundproofing. Sheet for use in chemical industries and building construction is made from either pure lead or 6% antimonial lead. Calcium-lead and calcium-lead-tin alloys are also suitable for many of these applications. Pipe. Seamless pipe made from lead and lead alloys is readily fabricated by extrusion. Because of its corrosion resistance and flexibility, lead pipes finds many uses in the chemical industry and in plumbing and water distribution system. Pipe for these applications is made from either chemical lead or 6% antimonial lead. Solders in the tin-lead system are the most widely used of all joining materials. The low melting range of tin-lead solders makes them ideal for joining most metals by convenient heating methods with little or no damage to heat-sensitive parts. Tin-lead solder alloys can be obtained with melting temperatures as low as 182 °C and as high as 315 °C. Except for the pure metals and the eutectic solder with 63% Sn and 37% Pb, all tin-lead solder alloys melt within a temperature range that varies according to the alloy composition. Lead-base bearing alloys, which are called lead-base babbitt metals, vary widely in composition but can be categorized into two groups: Alloys of lead, tin, antimony, and, in many instances, arsenic Alloys of lead, calcium, tin, and one or more of the alkaline earth metals Ammunition. Large quantities of lead are used in ammunition for both military and sporting purposes. Alloys used for shot contain up to 8% Sb and 2% As; those used for bullet cores contain up to 2% Sb. Terne Coatings. Long terne steel sheet is carbon steel sheet that has been continuously coated by various hot dip processes with terne metal (lead with 3 to 15% Sn). Its excellent solderability and special corrosion resistance make the product well-suited for this application. Lead foil, generally known as composition metal foil, is usually made by rolling a sandwich of lead between two sheets of tin, producing a tight union of the metals. Fusible Alloys. Lead alloyed with tin, bismuth, cadmium, indium, or other elements, either alone or in combination, forms alloys with particularly low melting points. Some of these alloys, which melt at temperatures even lower than the boiling point of water, are referred to as fusible alloys. Anodes made of lead alloys are used in the electrowinning and plating of metals such as manganese, copper, nickel, and zinc. Rolled lead-calcium-tin and lead-silver alloys are the preferred anode materials in these applications, because of their high resistance to corrosion in the sulfuric acid used in electrolytic solutions. Lead anodes also have high resistance to corrosion by seawater, making them economical to use in systems for the cathodic protection of ships and offshore rigs. Date Published: Mar-2001 搜索钢材指南知识库输入搜索词：搜索项 Finding physical properties data in the Total Materia database Physical properties are available for a huge number of materials in the Total Materia database. Data is available through official information from standards and also through Total Materia unique similar materials cross referencing functionality, adding another dimension to your search for physical properties data! Enter the material of interest into the quick search field. You can optionally narrow your search by specifying the country/standard of choice in the designated field and then clicking "Search". After selecting the material of interest to you, click on the Physical Properties link to view data for the selected material. The number of physical property data records is displayed in brackets next to the link. Physical properties are displayed according to the origin of the data set. Official data from standards can be found under the official tab, data deriving from other sources for the material will also be displayed under its own tab. The similar materials tab displays all materials that are similar to the original material and have physical properties inserted. This can be very handy when looking for equivalent materials! The typical tab gives a generic overview of property data for the material for you to use as a useful starting point for further investigation. © 2019 Key to Metals AG. 保留所有权利。	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2624
__label__cc	0.604118	0.395882	Disciplines African Studies African Studies The Soft Vengeance of a Freedom Fighter With a New Preface and Epilogue by Albie Sachs (Author), Desmond Tutu (Foreword), Nancy Scheper-Hughes (Introduction) $31.95 eBook Rights: Available in United States, Canada Trim Size: 5.5 x 8.25 Request an Exam or Desk Copy Recommend to Your Library (PDF) RightsLink Rights and Permissions Read an Excerpt Buying Options About the Book About the Author Reviews Table of Contents Related Books On April 7, 1988, Albie Sachs, an activist South African lawyer and a leading member of the ANC, was car-bombed in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, by agents of South Africa’s security forces. His right arm was blown off, and he lost sight in one eye. This intimate and moving account of his recovery traces the gradual recuperation of his broken body and his triumphant reentry into the world, where his dream of soft vengeance was realized with the achievement of democracy in South Africa. This book captures the spirit of a remarkable man: his enormous optimism, his commitment to social justice, and his joyous wonder at the life that surrounds him. A new preface and epilogue reflect on the making of Abby Ginzberg’s documentary film titled Soft Vengeance: Albie Sachs and the New South Africa. (For information about the film, see www.softvengeancefilm.org.) Albie Sachs was Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 1994 to 2009. He is the author of several books, including The Free Diary of Albie Sachs (2004) and The Strange Alchemy of Life and Law (2009). "I've never read anything quite like this book: wild, loving, sad, with humor striking deep as emotion."—Nadine Gordimer “[An] extraordinary man, a living testimony to the belief that the human spirit can overcome all adversity. . . . That [Sachs] survived not just to exist but to make so fulsome a contribution to the life of a new, altogether better South Africa is a triumph.”—Independent “A highly personal and sensually explicit odyssey . . . , a book imbued with apparently undaunted idealism.”—Times Educational Supplement Preface to the 2014 Edition The SoftVengeance of a Freedom Fighter Epilogue to the 2014 Edition Persons Mentioned in the Narrative Soccer Empire Laurent Dubois Dorothy Hodgson, Judith Byfield Stick to the Skin Celeste-Marie Bernier Leora Maltz-Leca Love, Money, and HIV Sanyu A. Mojola Captured at Sea Jatin Dua Divided Rule Mary Dewhurst Lewis Waste of a White Skin Tiffany Willoughby-Herard AIDS and Masculinity in the African City Robert Wyrod Against Humanity Sam Dubal	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2630
__label__cc	0.507328	0.492672	ValleyVision University of Maine at Fort Kent • 23 University Drive, Fort Kent, ME 04743 Email Us • (207) 834-7500 UMFK Honored as a National College of Distinction The University of Maine at Fort Kent has been selected as a national College of Distinction for the 2014 - 2015 academic year. UMFK is one of a select group of 200 colleges in the country to earn this prestigious designation based on its educational excellence in each of Four Distinctions: engaged students, great teaching, vibrant campus community, and successful outcomes. According to UMFK President Wilson G. Hess, “This is the fourth consecutive year that UMFK has received recognition from the Colleges of Distinction. It is an acknowledgement of the university's reputation for student success from within the community of educational professionals.” High school counselors and educators nominate colleges and universities for recognition by Colleges of Distinction, which then evaluates each college based on qualitative and quantitative criteria. Colleges of Distinction then looks beyond rankings and test scores to find colleges that are the ideal places to learn, grow, and succeed. The selection process reviews such factors as the college's first year experience, general education program, and experiential offerings in the curriculum, strategic plan, and alumni success/satisfaction. UMFK is one of only five public colleges in New England to receive this recognition. To view UMFK's profile visit: http://collegesofdistinction.com/school/university-of-maine-at-fort-kent/ (link no longer available). Summer Theatre to perform "Richard III" UMFK Bengal co-ed camp offered July 22nd – 26th UMFK students named to the spring 2019 Dean's List UMFK Bengal co-ed camp offered this summer Summer Theatre Richard III Auditions 137th Commencement Ceremony - May 11	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2633
__label__cc	0.719119	0.280881	Computer Monitor Deals Today Posted on September 20, 2018 September 20, 2018 By adminPosted in Articles Midnight is growing nearer, but Amazon Prime Day 2018 is far from over, folks. Amazon’s biggest sale of the year is still going strong into Tuesday night — with refreshingly great tech deals. 4k Monitor Description Ratings and Reviews; 1. LG Electronics 4K UHD 27UD88-W 27" LED-Lit Monitor with USB Type-C: LG’s 27UD88-W is practically a gamer’s or professional PC user’s dream monitor. But there were plenty of ambitious and unique businesses unveiled today on the Mountain View Computer History Museum stage. Promise will then monitor and support participants by helping them ensure. Shopping for a computer monitor? Read about types, features, and other must-know topics in our computer monitor buying guide to make an informed choice. Shop Computer Monitors Deals at Staples. 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__label__wiki	0.748056	0.748056	How to watch the PS4 Paris Games Week live stream Sam Loveridge, October 27, 2015 1:32 pm GMT Catch up with all the latest PS4 related announcements at Sony’s press conference at Paris Games Week. If you’re at all interested in the major PS4 releases coming up next year, including PlayStation VR (aka Project Morpheus), you’ll want to pay attention to Sony’s press conference later today. The PS4 manufacturer ditched Gamescom this year, instead opting to present its latest showcase at the smaller, and less well known Paris Games Week. “In front of gathered media at the iconic La Grande Arche de la Défense, we’ll be announcing new games and offering some exciting updates on previously announced titles,” said Sony. Related: Best PS4 Games 2015 If you want to tune in, it all kicks off at 4.45pm GMT or 5.45 CET today, October 27. You can watch the live stream via the dedicated hub on the PlayStation Blog, via the PlayStation YouTube channel or by heading to PlayStation’s Twitch channel. “And once the press conference is over, we’ll have a packed schedule of guest posts, trailers and exclusive behind the scenes videos right here on PlayStation Blog, offering additional detail on all the announcements.”	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2637
__label__cc	0.53307	0.46693	From Abroad Transfer Latest TugaScout is an English-language site reporting on matters associated with Portuguese football by freelance writer Alex Goncalves, offering the latest news, reviews and opinions surrounding the Portuguese League and the Seleção players based abroad. TugaScout Jan 25 There will be no battle of the Portuguese in the final of the Asian Cup Alex Goncalves Asian Cup, Abroad The prospect of having two Portuguese managers in the final of the Asian Cup has come to an end. It comes after South Korea fell to a disappointing 1-0 defeat against World Cup 2022 hosts Qatar. That means that Paulo Bento's side have fallen out of the competition in the quarter finals, ending any hope of seeing the former Seleção manager take on Carlos Queiroz's Iran. With South Korea and Iran both among the favourites to lift the continental crown, the possibility of them both reaching the final seemed relatively high, with both drawn onto opposite sides of the tournament bracket. Queiroz's Iran, meanwhile, have advanced to the semi final, having beaten China convincingly in the last eight 3-0. His side are yet to concede a single goal in the entire competition, and look to be in a good position for when they take on Japan in the next round. Jan 26 Sporting win the Taça da Liga Jan 24 Thierry Henry sacked as Monaco manager - with Leonardo Jardim returning Disclosure: some of the links in this post are affiliate products or services, meaning that if you buy the item via a link from this site, I may receive a small commission. There is never any obligation to buy if you click on a link. If you do decide to buy something, it will not affect the price you pay in any way, but it helps pay the bills so that I can continue the work I do on this website. TugaScout is an English-language site reporting on matters associated with Portuguese football created by freelance writer Alex Goncalves, offering the latest news, reviews and opinions surrounding the Portuguese League and the Seleção players and managers based abroad. 3 years ago to this very minute, Antoine Griezmann's looping header was magnificently scooped out by the outstretch… https://t.co/w5BSCEMpvl 3 years ago to this very minute, a late Dmitri Payet challenge on Cristiano Ronaldo changed the entire complexion o… https://t.co/GcDT9xZI9J 3 years ago to this very minute, the Euro 2016 final between Portugal and France kicked off. The start of what woul… https://t.co/Ffk5zYPNR2 Nottingham Forest have raided the Portuguese Primeira Liga by bringing in Tiago Silva, Alfa Semedo & Yuri Ribeiro -… https://t.co/O0pf9vmZub Three years ago today, the greatest moment in Portuguese footballing history. A day that we will never forget: 🇵🇹 https://t.co/oEnZWSsPXe Today marks the final day that Jonas will play for Benfica as he calls time on his career. Arriving on a free, he… https://t.co/AyWqgT3IRf	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2641
__label__wiki	0.686207	0.686207	Constellation Facts And - Cam Can - Cha Canes Venatici Canis Major Canis Minor Chamaeleon Cir - Dor Columba Coma Berenices Corona Australis Corona Borealis Delphinus Dra - Ind Fornax Hydrus Lac - Mon Leo Minor Lepus Microscopium Mus - Pis Musca Octans Pictor PsA - Sex Piscis Austrinus Puppis Reticulum Scutum Sextans Tau - Vul Telescopium Triangulum Triangulum Australe Tucana Vulpecula Rocky Planets Rogue Planets Facts List Popular Facts Cosmic Collisions Hypervelocity Stars Life Other Planets Milkomeda Ophiuchus, the thirteenth Zodiac Star Sign Protostars Quasi-Star U.F.O.s Vampire Star Variable Star Wolf-Rayet Stars Zombie Star Television/Films James Bond, 007 ST - DS9 ST - Discovery ST - Enterprise ST - TNG ST - Voyager Warcraft Movie Zandalar The Horde To get the best out of Universe Guide, please run on a browser with Javascript enabled. DX Camelopardalis DX Camelopardalis Facts DX Camelopardalis's star type is eruptive variable star that can be located in the constellation of Camelopardalis. The description is based on the spectral class. DX Camelopardalis is not part of the constellation outline but is within the borders of the constellation. Based on the spectral type (M2) of the star, the star's colour is red . The star can not be seen by the naked eye, you need a telescope to see it. Using the most recent figures given by the 2007 Hipparcos data, the star is 1289.18 light years away from us. Distance DX Camelopardalis's Alternative Names HIP25229 is the reference name for the star in the Hipparcos Star Catalogue. DX Camelopardalis has alternative name(s) :- , DX Cam. BD number is the number that the star was filed under in the Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung, a star catalogue that was put together by the Bonn Observatory between 1859 to 1903. The star's BD Number is BD+60 879. More details on objects' alternative names can be found at Star Names . Location of DX Camelopardalis The location of the variable star in the night sky is determined by the Right Ascension (R.A.) and Declination (Dec.), these are equivalent to the Longitude and Latitude on the Earth. The Right Ascension is how far expressed in time (hh:mm:ss) the star is along the celestial equator. If the R.A. is positive then its eastwards. The Declination is how far north or south the object is compared to the celestial equator and is expressed in degrees. For DX Camelopardalis, the location is 05h 23m 44.19 and +60° 43` 16.0 . Proper Motion of DX Camelopardalis All stars like planets orbit round a central spot, in the case of planets, its the central star such as the Sun. In the case of a star, its the galactic centre. The constellations that we see today will be different than they were 50,000 years ago or 50,000 years from now. Proper Motion details the movements of these stars and are measured in milliarcseconds. The star is moving -19.95 ± 0.67 milliarcseconds/year towards the north and -7.14 ± 0.95 milliarcseconds/year east if we saw them in the horizon. . When the value is negative then the star and the Sun are getting closer to one another, likewise, a positive number means that two stars are moving away. Its nothing to fear as the stars are so far apart, they won't collide in our life-time, if ever. Physical Properties (Colour, Temperature) of DX Camelopardalis DX Camelopardalis Colour and Temperature DX Camelopardalis has a spectral type of M2. This means the star is a red variable star. The star has a B-V Colour Index of 1.53 which means the star's temperature has been calculated using information from Morgans @ Uni.edu at being 3,949 Kelvin. DX Camelopardalis Radius Radius has been calculated as being 11.80 times bigger than the Sun. The Sun's radius is 695,800km, therefore the star's radius is an estimated 8,211,119.46.km. If you need the diameter of the star, you just need to multiple the radius by 2. However with the 2007 release of updated Hipparcos files, the radius is now calculated at being round 10.66. The figure is derived at by using the formula from SDSS and has been known to produce widely incorrect figures. DX Camelopardalis Apparent and Absolute Magnitudes DX Camelopardalis has an apparent magnitude of 9.34 which is how bright we see the star from Earth. Apparent Magnitude is also known as Visual Magnitude. If you used the 1997 Parallax value, you would get an absolute magnitude of 1.14 If you used the 2007 Parallax value, you would get an absolute magnitude of 1.36. Magnitude, whether it be apparent/visual or absolute magnitude is measured by a number, the smaller the number, the brighter the Star is. Our own Sun is the brightest star and therefore has the lowest of all magnitudes, -26.74. A faint star will have a high number. Distance to DX Camelopardalis Using the original Hipparcos data that was released in 1997, the parallax to the star was given as 2.29 which gave the calculated distance to DX Camelopardalis as 1424.29 light years away from Earth or 436.68 parsecs. It would take a spaceship travelling at the speed of light, 1424.29 years to get there. We don't have the technology or spaceship that can carry people over that distance yet. In 2007, Hipparcos data was revised with a new parallax of 2.53 which put DX Camelopardalis at a distance of 1289.18 light years or 395.26 parsecs. It should not be taken as though the star is moving closer or further away from us. It is purely that the distance was recalculated. Using the 2007 distance, the star is roughly 81,527,659.22 Astronomical Units from the Earth/Sun give or take a few. An Astronomical Unit is the distance between Earth and the Sun. The number of A.U. is the number of times that the star is from the Earth compared to the Sun. Variable Type of DX Camelopardalis The star is a eruptive Irregular variable type which means that its size changes over time. The Variable Type is usually named after the first star of that type to be spotted. DX Camelopardalis brightness ranges from a magnitude of 9.184 to a magnitude of 8.899 over its variable period. The smaller the magnitude, the brighter the star. Its variable/pulsating period lasts for 0.3 days (variability). The source of the information if it has a Hip I.D. is from Simbad, the Hipparcos data library based at the University at Strasbourg, France. Hipparcos was a E.S.A. satellite operation launched in 1989 for four years. The items in red are values that I've calculated so they could well be wrong. Information regarding Metallicity and/or Mass is from the E.U. Exoplanets. The information was obtained as of 12th Feb 2017. Hide Explanations Show GridLines Additional DX Camelopardalis Facts and Figures Visual Facts Primary / Proper / Traditional Name DX Camelopardalis Alternative Names HIP 25229, BD+60 879, DX Cam Spectral Type M2 Constellation's Main Star No Multiple Star System No / Unknown Star Type Variable Star Galaxy Milky Way Constellation Camelopardalis Absolute Magnitude 1.14 / 1.36 Visual / Apparent Magnitude 9.34 Naked Eye Visible Requires a 7x50 Binoculars - Magnitudes Right Ascension (R.A.) 05h 23m 44.19 Declination (Dec.) +60° 43` 16.0 Galactic Latitude 13.60 degrees Galactic Longitude 150.76 degrees 1997 Distance from Earth 2.29 Parallax (milliarcseconds) 1424.29 Light Years 436.68 Parsecs 81,527,659.22 Astronomical Units Proper Motion Dec. -19.95 ± 0.67 milliarcseconds/year Proper Motion RA. -7.14 ± 0.95 milliarcseconds/year B-V Index 1.53 Companions (Multi-Star and Exoplanets) Facts Exoplanet Count None/Unaware Variable Star Details Variable Star Class Eruptive Variable Star Type Irregular Mean Variability Period in Days 0.303 Variable Magnitude Range (Brighter - Dimmer) 8.899 - 9.184 Estimated Calculated Facts Radius (x the Sun) 10.66 Effective Temperature 3,949 Kelvin Sources and Links SIMBAD Source Link Alpha Camelopardalis (Alpha Camelopardalis) Beta Camelopardalis (Beta Camelopardalis) Gamma Camelopardalis (Gamma Camelopardalis) AA Camelopardalis AS Camelopardalis AW Camelopardalis CM Camelopardalis DW Camelopardalis DY Camelopardalis DZ Camelopardalis There's no register feature and no need to give an email address if you don't need to. 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__label__cc	0.649408	0.350592	US ARMY ACTIVE DUTY PSYOP UNITS The US Army's active duty Psychological Operations forces are organized into two Military Information Support Operations Groups, both located at Ft. Bragg, NC. These include: 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne) COL Bethany C. Aragon, Commanding Ft. Bragg, North Carolina The 4th Military Information Support Group (4th MISG (Airborne)) consists of the following Battalions: The 3rd Military Information Support Battalion (A) (Media Dissemination Battalion) The 6th Military Information Support Battalion (Airborne) with regional support assignment to European Command (EUCOM) The 7th Military Information Support Battalion (Airborne) with regional support assignment to African Command (AFRICOM) The 8th Military Information Support Battalion (Airborne) with regional support assignment to the US Central Command (CENTCOM) COL Maycross Baez, Commanding The 1st MIS Battalion (A) – provides support to the United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) The 5th MIS Battalion (A) – provides support to the United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) The 9th MIS Battalion (A) – (Tactical) --the tactical/operational element supporting ground commanders in the planning and production of programs. US ARMY RESERVE PSYOP UNITS Today, fully 74 percent of the US Army's Psychol ogical Operations force is assigned to the US Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (USACAPOC), a component of the Army's Reserve force structure. These Reserve PSYOP units provide the bulk of tactical/operational PSYOP units deployed in support of US Army divisions, brigades, and battalions. Listed below are the USAR Psychological Operations Units and their locations. 2nd Psychological Operations Group COL Andree Navarro, Commanding Twinsburg, Ohio 11th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - Upper Marlboro, Maryland · 305th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Ft. Story, Virginia · 312th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Upper Marlboro, Maryland · 351st Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Fort Totten, New York · 360th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Jersey City, New Jersey 13th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB (EPW) - Arden Hills, Minnesota · 319th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Arden Hills, Minnesota · 321st Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Grand Rapids, Michigan · 350th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Twinsburg, Ohio 15th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - Cincinnati, Ohio · 303rd Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania · 316th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Peru, Indiana · 340th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Garner. North Carolina · 346th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Columbus, Ohio 16th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - Fort Sheridan, Illinois · 310th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Forest Park, Georgia · 325th Psychological Operations Company (POC) Nashville, Tennessee · 338th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Fort Jackson, South Carolina · 393rd Tactical Psychological Operations Company (TPC) - Aurora, Illinois 7th Psychological Operations Group COL Randall S. Cartmill, Commanding Moffatt Field, California 306th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Los Alamitos, California 10th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - St. Louis, Missouri · 307th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - St. Louis, Missouri · 308th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Belton, Missouri · 362nd Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Fayetteville, Arkansas 12th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - Moffett, California · 320th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Portland, Oregon · 324th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Aurora, Colorado · 349th Tactical Psychological Operations Company (TPC) - Aurora, Colorado · 361st Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Bothell, Washington 14th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) - Mountain View, California · 301st Psychological Operations Company (POC) (ABN) - San Diego, California · 304th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Sacramento, California · 315th Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Upland, California · 353rd Psychological Operations Company (POC) - Las Vegas, Nevada 17th Psychological Operations Battalion (POB) (Dissemination) - Houston, Texas · 341st Psychological Operations Company (POC) (ABN) Tactical - San Antonio, Texas · 344th Psychological Operations Company (POC) (ABN) - Tactical Air Assault - Austin, Texas 345th Psychological Operations Company (POC) (ABN) - Lewisville, Texas 399th Psychological Operations Company (POC) Air Assault, Baton Rouge, Louisiana	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2648
__label__wiki	0.625189	0.625189	Back to Media Browser Hidden gems of the National Park System from @Interior Let’s flashback to December 2015 and take a mental stroll through the ice caves at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore in Wisconsin. Accessible by foot when Lake Superior freezes over -- which doesn’t happen every year -- the caves are like a palace decorated with hanging blue ice formations. It’s a very cool experience. Wan Shi, www.sharetheexperience.org A great blue heron enjoys an amazing sunset at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Located on the southern coast of Virginia, Back Bay provides feeding and resting habitat for migratory birds. The refuge contains over 9,250 acres and is a great place for boating, biking and enjoying the beautiful views. Robert Merrill, www.sharetheexperience.org The Volcanic Tablelands near Bishop, California, are a vast, rugged landscape formed over 700,000 years ago by the Long Valley caldera. In this high desert environment, past generations of Paiute and Shoshone Indians left an extensive collection of carefully chiseled petroglyphs in the rocks. These fragile treasures are protected by the Bureau of Land Management. Abhilash Itharaju, www.sharetheexperience.org Big enough to be overwhelming, still intimate enough to feel the pulse of time, Black Canyon of the Gunnison exposes you to some of the steepest cliffs, oldest rock and craggiest spires in North America. This western Colorado landmark was sculpted by the Gunnison River and the forces of weather over 2 million years. Judd Clark, National Park Service Bobcat Draw Wilderness Study Area located southwest of Worland, Wyoming, is made up of a vast maze of colorful rock and clay badlands. Layers of differing hardness erode into multi-hued arches, hoodoos, spires and other fanciful landforms. There are no developed trails in the area, but hikers can discover the area's unique landscapes along their own routes while enjoying a majestic backdrop of the 13,000 foot snowcapped peaks of the Absaroka Range. Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management Cahaba River National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama supports 64 rare and imperiled plant and animal species -- 13 of which are found nowhere else in the world. It’s home to the largest known stand of Cahaba lilies, a beautiful plant that begins to bloom around Mother’s Day. It’s always a magnificent display. Keith Bozeman, www.sharetheexperience.org Capitol Reef National Park in Utah got its name from the white domes of Navajo Sandstone that resemble capitol building domes and the rocky cliffs -- which act as a reef, creating a barrier to travel. The park is one of the best geological classrooms in the world. Rock layers in Capitol Reef reveal ancient environments as varied as rivers and swamps, Sahara-like deserts and shallow oceans, each marking an era through almost 200 million years of Earth’s history. David Long, www.sharetheexperience.org Giant sequoias thrive at Case Mountain in California. Three small groves -- which have never been logged -- protect majestic trees that are 6-16 feet in diameter! These groves are part of the Case Mountain Extensive Recreation Management Area that has miles of mountain bike, foot and equestrian trails, and endless opportunities to be wowed! Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management A yawning alligator at Cumberland Island National Seashore in Georgia. Gary Davis, www.sharetheexperience.org A vital wetland in the Mississippi River watershed, Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas is a haven for a variety of native wildlife and migratory birds. Its fertile forests and some 300 lakes are interlaced with streams, swamps and bayous. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service refuge also shows off some pretty fall colors. Rita Szabo, www.sharetheexperience.org Icy water reflects the sunset at Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge in New Jersey. More than 80 percent of the refuge’s 47,000 acres is wetlands. The quiet tidal waters serve as nurseries, spawning and feeding grounds for fish and shellfish, which are important in the diets of many wildlife species -- particularly the migratory birds who live and visit here. Kris Orr, www.sharetheexperience.org On the map, Fantasy Canyon is a postage-stamp sized area located about an hour south of Vernal, Utah. It makes up for its small size by presenting one of the most unusual erosional landscapes in North America. First surveyed in 1909 by paleontologist Earl Douglass, Fantasy Canyon’s rocks are quartzose sandstones and date from around 38 to 50 million years ago. Today’s geologic formations of Fantasy Canyon will eventually topple from weather and erode into sand, but new formations will appear as the surrounding soil washes away. The best times to visit the area are morning and evening from spring through fall. Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve is an adventurer’s paradise. Stretching over 100 miles, the Killik River meanders through Alaska’s Brooks Range and is home to migrating caribou. The park is considered by many to be “Alaska’s Ultimate Wilderness” with no roads or trails into the park. Those who seek out solitude and wilderness are not disappointed. Ken Hill, National Park Service The variety of natural features and ecosystems found within Great Basin National Park in Nevada is surprising to many first time visitors. The Great Basin has often been called barren and uninteresting, but it doesn't take long to discover that this rugged landscape -- with its desert valleys and snow covered peaks -- is more than meets the eye. Don’t forget to catch a sunset and see the ancient bristlecone pines. Thomas Sikora, www.sharetheexperience.org A spectacular natural oasis within the limits of New York City, Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge offers great opportunities for recreation, bird watching and enjoying gorgeous sunrises over the water. Part of Gateway National Recreation Area, it’s the only wildlife refuge in the national park system. Micael Fano, www.sharetheexperience.org Jim McClure-Jerry Peak Wilderness in Idaho was established in August 2015 following unanimous passage into law by Congress. This 23,916-acre wilderness features hiking, fishing and equestrian use, as well as opportunities to just “get away” and enjoy some solitude. The view from Jerry Peak alone is worth the visit. Matt Leidecker, Bureau of Land Management Similar to national parks, national conservation areas are designated by Congress and feature scientific, cultural, historical and recreational attributes. They’re places like California’s King Range National Conservation Area, where the dominate feature is a spectacular meeting of land and sea. Mountains seem to thrust straight out of the surf. King Peak, the highest point at 4,088 feet, is only three miles from the Pacific Ocean. Showing dazzling spring colors, the unique landscape and abundant wildlife make this fascinating place perfect for everything from scientific study to extreme recreation. Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management The fall migration of caribou takes them over sand dunes, past snow-capped mountains, under brightly colored forests and through the Kobuk River in Kobuk Valley National Park in Alaska. Onion Portage (seen here) is a National Historic Landmark where native Alaskans have gathered for 9,000 years to harvest caribou as they forded the stream. Matt Cameron, National Park Service Inspired by concerned sportsmen and conservationists, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge in 1941 to protect Kodiak bears and their habitat. With misty fjords, deep glacial valleys and lofty mountains, the refuge attracts thousands of visitors a year to explore its spectacular Alaska scenery and view wildlife. Lisa Hupp, USFWS Lassen Volcanic National Park in northern California is one of the best places to view the splendor of the night sky. In this dazzling photograph, the Milky Way shines over Lassen Peak, with stars reflected in Manzanita Lake. Start planning your summer vacation now for astronomy programs and the park’s annual Dark Sky Festival. Abhilash Itharaju, www.sharetheexperience.org The rugged beauty of Mount Williamson looms over Manzanar National Historic Site in California. Established to preserve the stories of the internment of nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II, Manzanar serves as a reminder of a dark period in our history. Susan Fouts, www.sharetheexperience.org A brilliant summer sunrises over Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, shining golden light through the limbs of an old burl oak and burning away the morning fog. The refuge runs for almost 70 miles along the Minnesota River, providing visitors a unique opportunity to enjoy wildlife observation and recreation in the shadows of skyscrapers, grain elevators and towering trees. Erik Fremstad, www.sharetheexperience.org Fall colors abound at Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge. The refuge -- located in southeast Maine near the Canadian border -- protects a wilderness of lakes, bogs, forests and more. Wildlife like moose, deer and songbirds thrive in the refuge’s diverse and picturesque habitats. USFWS Dawn wakes the sky at Grandview at New River Gorge National River in West Virginia. From 1,400 feet above the river, you can look down on the clouds nestled in the valley below and enjoy sweeping views of mountains and forests. The park encompasses over 70,000 acres of land along the New River, which is rich in cultural and natural history, and offers spectacular scenic and recreational opportunities. Nathaniel Gonzales, www.sharetheexperience.org Have you ever seen lightning make such crazy shapes? This bolt looks like a Tyrannosaurus rex getting ready to chomp a formation at Blue Mesa in Arizona’s Petrified Forest National Park. Monsoons usher in summer lightning, so explore safely and be sure to check the weather. Hallie Larsen, National Park Service For beauty off the beaten path, venture two hours southwest of Albuquerque, New Mexico, to the Sierra Ladrones Wilderness Study Area. There are no trails through the area’s diverse landscapes of high mountain peaks, isolated canyons and badlands. Hiking to the top of Ladrones Mountain -- pictured here during a storm -- rewards visitors with stunning panoramic views of the area’s mesa grasslands and piñon-juniper woodland. Julie Aguirre, Bureau of Land Management Picture yourself under the Northern Lights at White Mountains National Recreation Area in Alaska. Bob Wick -- who caught this dramatic green display -- describes his first experience photographing the aurora borealis: “It was interesting to see how dynamic and fickle the display was, going from a dim glow to bright, dancing molten light pouring from the skies in a matter of 30 seconds. I have never seen or photographed anything in the night sky that compares!" Bob Wick, Bureau of Land Management More from experience Hide Captions The most dangerous states in America Cruise ship tours: Viking River Cruises' Viking Vili Photos: The most spectacular desserts on the high seas Take a peek at new Cyclone Cart Coaster Beautiful Bonaire: Picture-postcard island images The Everglades: 5 best backcountry adventures Explore Presidio Photo tour: Behind the scenes at Beaver Creek	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2649
__label__wiki	0.661458	0.661458	Subway starts measuring 'footlong' subs in response to lawsuit Subway has started measuring its bread in response to a class-action lawsuit alleging the sandwich chain engaged in deceptive marketing for its 6-inch and footlong subs. Subway starts measuring 'footlong' subs in response to lawsuit Subway has started measuring its bread in response to a class-action lawsuit alleging the sandwich chain engaged in deceptive marketing for its 6-inch and footlong subs. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/1RW7I84 Hadley Malcolm, USA TODAY Published 10:36 a.m. ET Oct. 21, 2015 \| Updated 2:20 p.m. ET Oct. 21, 2015 After being sued by customers for false advertising, Subway says it will start measuring its footlongs to ensure they're really twelve inches. Jen Markham (@jenmarkham) has the story. Buzz60 In response to a class-action lawsuit, Subway proposed that it start measuring its footlong subs to ensure the sandwiches are actually 12 inches long.(Photo: Ted S. Warren, AP) Subway is putting its "footlong" subs up to a tape measure to guarantee the subs are actually what they advertise: 12-inches long. The sandwich chain proposed measuring bread, among other actions, in response to a 2013 class-action lawsuit alleging Subway engaged in deceptive marketing for its 6-inch and footlong sandwiches and served customers less food than they were paying for. While it denies the claims, Subway announced a proposed settlement Monday. According to court documents, franchisees would be required to have a measurement tool in stores and adhere to regular compliance inspections that would include measuring a sampling of baked bread to make sure loaves are 12-inches. Subway also said it would amend training materials and other communication that had "allowed for a small tolerance in the size of a Footlong sandwich." Some of the proposed actions are already in place at Subway stores, including the use of a “measurement device” on bread, says Kristen McMahon, a brand spokesperson. Subway to cease use of antibiotics in entire meat supply by 2025 Plaintiffs would not get any monetary reward as part of the settlement, though Subway agreed to pay attorneys' fees. The settlement has to be approved in federal court. A hearing is scheduled for Jan. 15, 2016. Subway started gaining negative attention for the size of its sandwiches when a photo showing that a footlong sub measured closer to 11 inches went viral in 2013, leading to a series of social media postings by outraged customers measuring their sandwiches. Subway maintains in the settlement agreement that due to variability in food production and the baking process, it "will never be able to guarantee that each loaf of bread will always be exactly 12 inches or greater in length after baking." Read or Share this story: http://usat.ly/1RW7I84	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2650
__label__wiki	0.818883	0.818883	High-tech glasses are helping blind people see A hybrid headset called eSight 3 treats legally blind people with very low vision. High-tech glasses are helping blind people see A hybrid headset called eSight 3 treats legally blind people with very low vision. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: http://usat.ly/2llr1jR Jennifer Jolly, Special for USA Today Published 8:01 p.m. ET Feb. 15, 2017 Tech Now columnist Jennifer Jolly talks about the new eSight3 Glasses that now make it possible for the blind to see. Jennifer Jolly Special for USA Today Yvonne Felix has been legally blind since age 7. The new electronic eSight 3 glasses allow her to see.(Photo: Roddy Blelloch for USA TODAY) Blindness first crept up on Yvonne Felix when she was just seven years old. That’s when she was hit by a car that she never saw coming. “I was diagnosed with juvenile macular degeneration,” says the now 36-year old mother of two, who is legally blind. “By the time I was 13, I lost whatever sight I had centrally. By my late teens and early 20’s I was using a cane and braille. It was very lonely and isolating.” ESight 3, a visor-like headset that uses a high-speed, high-definition camera, has changed the way the world looks for Felix. Where she once saw blurry shadows, she now sees details, like the expression on a person's face. “I can see everything, your eyes, that you’re smiling, the pattern on your blouse,” Felix describes as she demonstrates the new eSight 3 glasses in our offices in Oakland, Calif. last week. Without the device, Felix — who now acts as a spokeswoman for the company — said looking at me sitting across from her was like seeing a blurry dark shadow, with no features or facial expressions. “It’s like there’s a drawing and you smudged your hands all over the pastels, like it’s just dark and all blurred together.” eSight 3 Electronic Glasses (Photo: eSight) The headset looks like a cross between a pair of everyday sunglasses and a set of virtual reality goggles. They’re big, but not obnoxiously huge, and fit over the wearer’s prescription glasses via a pair of elastic, magnetic bands. On the front is a 1080p camera that grabs a live video feed of everything in sight, pipes it down to a processing unit that tucks into a pocket or purse, then sends it back to a pair of OLED screens. The person wearing the headset sees full color video images clearly, with no lag time, and can zoom in. He or she can also capture photos and video with the device. Felix is one of some 300 million people around the globe living with low, or no, ability to see. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1.2 million Americans over the age of 40 are legally blind, and nearly 3 million have “low vision,” or visual acuity worse than 20/40. The Canadian company behind the headset is trying to change that. “What’s really unique about this device,” eSight CEO Brian Mech explained, “is that it lets Yvonne instantly auto-focus between short-range vision like reading a book or texting on a smartphone, to mid-range vision, seeing faces or watching TV, to long-range vision, such as looking down a hallway or outside a window.” What Yvonne Felix "sees" without the eSight 3 glasses. The image was made by reversing the effect of the glasses until Felix agreed that it came close to what she saw without the glasses. (Photo: Roddy Blelloch for USA TODAY) Each person who uses eSight 3 can control color, contrast, focus, brightness and magnification (24X). “It’s worked for 70% of people who’ve tried it on and allowed people with traumatic eye injury, some forms of glaucoma, and [more than a dozen other] conditions to see instantly.” Felix and about 1,000 other legally blind people in Canada and the United States have used earlier versions of the eSight electronic glasses since they first came out in 2012. A quick YouTube search provides dozens of videos of people as young as four and as old as 97 using eSight to see clearly for the first time, including Felix. eSight 3 Electronic Glasses (Photo: Roddy Blelloch for USA TODAY) “It was was beautiful. It’s the type of thing that just burns in your mind. I remember seeing my husband smiling and holding our [infant] son. I could see my husband hadn’t shaved and had a beard. But seeing him smile was what...and my son’s faces...I had never experienced that before.” The eSight 3 headset costs $9,995, which is down from the $15,000 original cost. Insurance companies don’t cover it. But Mech said that the company often finds a way to get the glasses into the hands of the people who need them, through fundraisers, grants and “the creativity of the human spirit.” For that, Felix says she is forever grateful. “Being able to see is a place of being free. It’s truly freedom.” Jennifer Jolly is an Emmy Award-winning consumer tech contributor and host of USA TODAY's digital video show TECH NOW. E-mail her at techcomments@usatoday.com. Follow her on Twitter @JenniferJolly. Read or Share this story: http://usat.ly/2llr1jR	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2651
__label__wiki	0.666333	0.666333	Holding Corporate Officers Strictly Liable Under Patent and Corporate Law Uploaded by packetfire Ross School of Business Working Paper Working Paper No. 1238 May 2014 saveSave Holding Corporate Officers Strictly Liable Under P... For Later Tort and Crime Cases Regarding Piercing the Veil of Corporate Fiction babcock v jackson digest.docx corpo beda.pdf Term Paper Final in Corporation Law MTC087 September '10 Corpo Case Case Concept tabl2741 esesay SSRN-id1590874 A Theory of Vicarious Liability [403] WWW 09-23-17 (20) WLDoc 15-8-01 10_19 (PM) Gilchrist - Rodriguez Luna Domingo v. Domingo Holding Corporate Officers Strictly Liable Under Patent and Lynda J. Oswald Stephen M. Ross School of Business Ross School of Business Working Paper Working Paper No. 1238 This work cannot be used without the author's permission. This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Sciences Research Network Electronic Paper Collection: WLLKL~~ZOQQUTQN= rkfsbopfqv=lc=jf`efd^k= Oswald --Officer Liability Draft--25 May 2014 Please do not quote or cite without permission HOLDING CORPORATE OFFICERS STRICTLY LIABLE UNDER PATENT AND COPYRIGHT LAW Lynda J. Oswald * ljoswald@umich.edu The law encourages economic activity by limiting the personal liability of owners through the corporate form. Not surprisingly, corporate decisionmakers are also concerned with personal liability. Perhaps nothing is more important to a corporate officer than understanding when he or she may be personally liable for corporate liabilities. Officers do not participate to the full extent in the success of the corporation; correspondingly, they have little interest in assuming the risks. Imposition of personal liability should be fair, predictable, and further (rather than frustrate) important societal goals. Otherwise, corporate officers may be overcautious, make inefficient decisions, and forego economic activity that the corporate form was intended to encourage. Patent and copyright law share certain fundamental characteristics. Both forms of intellectual property play a dual role: encouraging invention and creation but also providing for the public interest. 1 Most significantly, for purposes of this manuscript, the infringement of a Professor of Business Law, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan. 2014 Lynda J. Oswald. See Sony Corp. v. Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) (noting that the provision for protection of copyright and patent in Art. 1, 8 of the U.S. Constitution is intended to motivate the creative activity of authors and inventors by the provision of a special reward, or to allow the public access to the products of their genius after the limited period of exclusive control has expired, but that reward to the owner [is] a secondary consideration). The third form of federal intellectual property, trademark law, focuses more on protection of and provision of accurate information to the consumer and less on promotion of the interests of the trademark owner. See Qualitex Co. v. Jacobson Prods. Co., Inc., 514 U.S. 159, 163-64 (1995) (trademark law, by preventing others from copying a source identifying mark, reduce[s] the customers costs of shopping and making purchasing decisions, and helps assure a producer that it (and not an imitating competitor) will reap the financial-related rewards associated with a desirable product) (citation omitted; brackets in original). Because of this difference in focus,this paper does not address officer liability for trademark infringement, leaving that topic to later exploration in another work. This topic is covered briefly in See Ronald B. Coolley, Personal Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors for Infringement of Intellectual Property, 68 J. PAT. & TRADEMARK OFF. SOCY 228, 238 (1986). patent or a copyright is a tort.2 The critical implication of this characterization is that general principles of tort and agency law apply to such infringementa point that has important ramifications for infringement rules and individual liability. Thus, exploration of traditional doctrine is important as an initial starting point. However, corporate officer liability doctrines under both the Patent Act 3 and Copyright Act 4 diverge markedly from traditional corporate, agency, and tort doctrines. Why this is so? And what are the implications of this divergence? Part I of this paper explores traditional corporate, agency, and tort law concepts. These include the corporate law doctrine that shields the corporate ownersshareholdersfrom liability in most instances. It also examines traditional tort law rules that impose liability upon a corporate officer for his or her own wrongful acts, and agency rules of respondeat superior that would impute that individuals actions to the corporation. Part II examines officer liability under the Patent Act, finding that the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) has inappropriately imposed liability upon corporate officers through a distorted application of piercing doctrine. In effect, the Federal Circuit uses doctrine applicable only to corporate owner liability to reach corporate officers. Similarly, Part III examines individual officer liability for copyright infringement, finding that the regional circuit courts of appeal apply a vicarious liability test that is not only inapposite to officer liability, but in some ways mimics the piercing analysis used by the Federal Circuit in the patent law arena and in other ways replicates the personal participation test of traditional doctrine. Part IV discusses why individual officer liability is so muddled in both patent and copyright law, and concludes that current case law reflects an instinctive rejection by the courts of application of strict liability to individuals. The courts subconscious efforts to reach liability standards and outcomes that are fault-based, rather than strict, for corporate officers have caused the courts to create sui generis officer liability rules that are at odds with traditional doctrine. The goal of the courts is laudable, but their approach creates uncertainty and may impose liability in inappropriate situations. I propose a more direct approach to imposition of personal liability on corporate officers that focuses on culpability. CORPORATE OFFICER LIABILTY UNDER TRADITIONAL DOCTRINE See infra notes 9 (patent law) & 148 (copyright law) and accompanying text. 35 U.S.C. 1 et seq. (2012). When a corporation 5 commits a tort or other wrongful act, that corporation, naturally, is liable for the harm or injury that ensues. In some instances, however, the plaintiff may seek to hold individual officers liable, in addition to the corporation. In any given case, we can speculate as to why a plaintiff seeks to extend liability to an individual officer, but the potential explanations are myriad and seldom articulated in the courts opinions: perhaps because the corporation has insufficient funds to fully compensate for the infringement and so additional pockets are sought,6 because the plaintiff is seeking access to directors and officers insurance,7 because the individuals behavior is viewed as particularly culpable and need of punishment, because the corporation is small or closely held and it is thus difficult to distinguish the various roles that the officer / employee / owner holds, or because the plaintiff seeks to create divisiveness between the corporation and its officers that will encourage settlement.8 Whatever the reason, the case law reveals that patent and copyright owners sometimes do seek to hold officers personally liable, 9 and that the legal standards used to assess such personal liability deviate substantially from traditional tort and agency doctrines of corporate officers liability imposed in other contexts. Like the shareholders of a corporation, see, e.g., MODEL BUS. COR. ACT 6.22(a) (2008) (Unless otherwise provided in the articles of corporation, a shareholder of a corporation is not personally liable for the acts or debts of the corporation except that he may become personally liable by reason of his own acts or conduct.), members of limited liability companies (LLCs) also enjoy the limited liability afforded to shareholders of corporations. See, e.g., UNIF. LTD. LIAB. ACT 303(a), 6B U.L.A. 587 (1996) (A member or manager of [an LLC] is not personally liable for a debt, obligation, or liability of the company solely by reason of being or acting as a member or manager.). Commentators have addressed the application of piercing analysis to these non-corporation forms of limited liability entities. See, e.g., Robert B. Thompson, The Limits of Liability in the New Limited Liability Entities, 32 WAKE FOREST L. REV. 1, 7 (1997) ([We can expect a regular flow of cases seeking to pierce the veil of these new limited liability entities addressed to closely held businesses.). For ease of discussion, this manuscript refers only to corporations, but the discussion should be seen as referring to other limited liability companies as well. See Coolley, supra note 1, at 228 (Personal liability of a corporate officers or director is advantageous to a plaintiff since it increases the number of pockets available for payment of damages and can increase the likelihood of settlement.); Dangler v. Imperial Machine Co., 11 F.2d 945, 947 (7 Cir. 1926) (There are . . . numerous authorities that hold the managing officers liable for damages committed by the corporation in case of infringements. The enforcement of this liability is seldom sought, except in the case of insolvency of the corporation.). See Lynda J .Oswald, The Personal Liability of Corporate Officers for Patent Infringement, 44 IDEA 115, 121 n.32 See Jason A. Wietjes & Michael D. Pegues, Director and Officer Liability for Inducement of Patent Infringement, 21 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LITIGATION, no. 2, p. 3, 3 (Winter 2010) (published by ABA Section of Litigation, Intellectual Property Litigation Committee). See infra Parts II (patent) and III (copyright). The individual liability of corporate officers implicates the intersection of three areas of traditional legal doctrine: corporate, tort, and agency law. The question of which parties (if any) can be held liable for torts or other wrongdoings depends upon both the actions and the roles of the parties involved. A corporation is a legal entity; it is separate and distinct from both its owners (whether individual shareholders or a parent corporation) and its corporate officers.10 In the normal course of events, neither the corporate officers nor the corporate owners (i.e., shareholders) are liable for the debts or torts of the corporation.11 However, in extraordinary circumstances, liability can attach to either corporate officers or shareholders; that liability, however, differs depending upon whether individual to whom liability is extended is an owner or an officer, and the standards for imposing such liability likewise differ. Liability of Corporate Owners: Piercing of the Corporate Veil Normally, shareholders, whether individuals, parent corporations, or other affiliated groups, are protected from the debts and liabilities of the corporation (beyond their contribution to capital) by the principle of limited liability.12 That limited liability can be ignored, however, where respecting it would defeat public convenience, justify wrong, or protect fraud. 13 Imposition of liability upon corporate owners in such instances is known as piercing the corporate veil. Typically, the courts employ piercing only where: (1) the corporation was See, e.g., Walker v. Anderson, 232 S.W.3d 899, 918 (Tex. App. 2007) (A corporation is a separate legal entity from its shareholders, officers, and directors.). See FMC Finance Corp. v. Murphree, 632 F.2d 413, 421 (5 Cir. 1980) (A corporation is a legal entity existing separate and distinct from its shareholders, officers and directors, who as a general rule are not liable for the corporations debts and obligations.); Frank H. Easterbrook & Daniel R. Fischer, Limited Liability and the Corporation, 52 U. CHI. L. REV. 89, 89-90 (1985) (The rule of limited liability means that the investors in the corporation are not liable for more than the amount they invest. . . . The managers and other workers are not vicariously liable for the firms deeds.). Krivo Indus. Supply Co. v. Natl Distillers & Chem. Corp., 483 F.2d 11098, 1102 (5 Cir. 1973), modified per curiam, 490 F.2d 916 (5 Cir. 1974): Basic to the theory of corporation law is the concept that a corporation is a separate entity, a legal being having an existence separate and distinct from that of its owners. This attribute of the separate corporate personality enables the corporations stockholders to limit their personal liability to the extent of their investment. . . . The corporate form, however, is not lightly disregarded, since limited liability is one of the principal purposes for which the law has created the corporation. See also MODEL BUS. CORP. ACT. 6.22(b) (2002) (Unless otherwise provided in the articles of incorporation, a shareholder of a corporation is not personally liable for the acts or debts of the corporation except that he may become personally liable by reason of his own acts or conduct.). Fish v. East, 114 F.2d 177, 191 (10 Cir. 1940). formed or used for an illegal, fraudulent, or unjust purpose, or (2) where the shareholders have ignored the corporate form and have used it to conduct their own affairs (known as the mere instrumentality or alter ego theory). 14 Most courts require that piercing be supported by findings: (1) that there be such unity of interest and ownership that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individual no longer exist and (2) that, if the acts are treated as those of the corporation alone, an inequitable result will follow. 15 Although the term piercing the corporate veil is over 100 years old, 16 there are relatively few examples of it in action.17 The act of piercing the corporate veil is considered an extraordinary event, 18 and courts engage in it only on an infrequent basis. Glynn characterized the [v]eil piercing jurisprudence [as] unpredictable, inconsistent, and largely unprincipled.19 In practice, veil piercing is used only to reach the owners of closely held corporations or parent corporationsnot to reach shareholders of large, publicly-held corporations, 20 even though in Oswald, supra note 7, at 120 (citing 1 WILLIAM MEADE FLETCHER ET AL., FLETCHER CYCLOPEDIA OF THE LAW OF PRIVATE CORPORATIONS FLETCHER, ET AL, 41.10 (rev. vol. West Group 1999)). In employing these tests, the courts look to factors such as whether the corporate formalities have been respected (i.e., has a board of directors been created, have corporate officers been appointed, and have corporate financial accounts and records been maintained?), see Mark J. Loewenstein, Veil Piercing to Non-Owners: A Practical and Theoretical Inquiry, 41 SETON HALL L. REV. 839, 846 (2011), and whether the corporation has been adequately capitalized. Id. at 847. See also id. at 848 (noting that [b]ecause formalities are not an issue in the operation of an LLC, courts generally focus on other factors, such as the use of the entitys bank accounts to pay personal expenses, failure to maintain separate records, use of common facilities by the owners and the companies, and inadequate capitalization). Courts clearly value and respect for corporate formalities. One empirical study showed that courts pierce in two-thirds of cases in which corporate formalities were not observed, but did not pierce in over ninety percent of cases in which formalities were observed. See Robert B. Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil: An Empirical Study, 76 CORNELL L. REV. 1036, 1036 (1991). Automotriz del Golfo de Cal. v. Resnick, 306 P.2d 1, 3 (1957); see 1 FLETCHER, supra note 14, 41.30, at p. 619 (Supp. 2002). See STEPHEN B. PRESSER, PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL 1.5 (2009) (noting that the term was first used by Professor Maurice Wormser and citing Maurice Wormser, Piercing the Veil of Corporate Entity, 12 COLUM. L. REV. 496 (1912)) and 1.3, at 1-12 (suggesting that the notion of limited liability for corporations was recognized in American common law shortly after the Revolutionary War but noting that [t]he precise reach of corporate shareholder limited liability in the early United States is . . . uncertain). See infra note 20 (discussing Thompson & Oh studies). See Dole Food Co. v. Patrickson, 538 U.S. 468, 475 (2003) (noted that veil piercing is a rare exception, applied in the case of fraud or certain other exceptional circumstances). Timothy P. Glynn, Beyond Unlimiting Shareholder Liability: Vicarious Tort Liability for Corporate Officers, 57 VAND. L. REV. 330, 333 (2004). The seminal study was done by Thompson in 1991; he analyzed approximately 1,600 veil-piercing cases through 1985 and found that the corporate veil was pierced in 40.18% of the cases (or about 640 cases), but that all of theory corporations with a sole or few shareholders are protected by limited liability in the same manner as corporations with many shareholders. 21 Liability of Corporate Officers: Personal Participation Under traditional corporate law doctrine, piercing of the corporate veil is used to hold owners (shareholders) of a corporation liable, 22 not officers. 23 Officers generally are shielded from liability for the wrongful acts of their corporation unless they personally participated in a tort or other wrongful acts 24 through affirmative actions of direction, sanction, or cooperation in the wrongful acts of commission or omission. 25 Thus, officers are not held liable based on those cases involved close corporations and corporate groups. See Robert B. Thompson, Piercing the Corporate Veil: An Empirical Study, 76 CORNELL L. REV. 1036, 1047-48 & table 1 (1991). See Thompson subsequently updated his study, adding 802 cases from 1986 through 1996; the new findings supported the original findings. Robert B. Thompson, Piercing the Veil within Corporate Groups: Corporate Shareholders as Mere Investors, 13 CONN. J. INTL L. 379, 380 & n.4 (1999). Oh conducted an updated study in 2010, examining over 2,900 cases and finding that piercing occurred in almost 50% of the cases, but again, only against close corporations and corporate groups. Peter B. Oh, VeilPiercing, 89 TEX. L. REV. 81, 110 (2010). See 1 FLETCHER, supra note 14, at 41.35, at pp. 665-66 ([T]he mere fact that all or almost all of the corporate stock is owned by an individual or a few individuals will not afford sufficient grounds for disregarding corporateness.). Donsco, Inc. v. Casper Corp., 587 F.2d 602, 606 (3d Cir. 1978) (The effects of piercing the corporate veil is to hold the owner liable.); See generally STEPHEN B. PRESSER, PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL 1.1. (SUPP. 2010); Rebecca J. Huss, Revamping Veil Piercing for all Limited Liability Entities: Forcing the Common Law Doctrine into the Statutory Age, 70 U. CIN. L. REV. 95 (2001); John H. Matheson, Why Courts Pierce: An Empirical Study of Piercing the Corporate Veil, 7 BERKELEY BUS. L. J. 1 , 20 (2010); David Million, Piercing the Corporate Veil, Financial Responsibility, and the Limits of Limited Liability, 56 EMORY L.J. 1305 (2004). See Crigler v. Salac, 438 So.2d 1375, 1380 (Ala. 1983) (citing L.C.L. Theatres, Inc. v. Columbia Pictures Indus., Inc., 619 F.2d 455 (5 Cir. 1980) (individual officer liability for tortious acts does not depend upon the same grounds as piercing the corporate veil, that is, inadequate capitalization, use of the corporate form for fraudulent purposes, or failure to comply with the formalities of corporate organization). See Donsco, 587 F.2d at 606 (A corporate officer is individually liable for the torts he personally commits and cannot shield himself behind a corporation when he is an actual participant in the tort.). Corporate officers do not incur similar liability for contractual obligations arising out of corporate activities. See, e.g., RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF AGENCY 320 (1958) (A person making . . . a contract with another as agent for a disclosed principal does not become a party to the contract.). Parent corporations who are actively involved in the activities of their subsidiaries may be held directly liable for that involvement, see United States v. Bestfoods, 524 U.S. 51, 60-61 & n.8 (1998), in addition to be held indirectly liable as a shareholder (owner) under piercing analysis. See JOSEPH W. BISHOP, JR., THE LAW OF CORPORATE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: INDEMNIFICATION AND INSURANCE 3.13 (1982) (Participation by an officer in a wrongful act of the corporation may be found not solely on the basis of direct action but may also consist of knowing approval or ratification of unlawful acts.); Oswald, supra note 7, at 118 (citing Lobato v. Pay Less Drug Stores, Inc., 261 F.2d 406, 409 (10 Cir. 1958)). For a discussion of the types of their mere status as officers, 26 but rather because of their active participation in wrongful acts, 27 whether those wrongful acts consist of torts or statutory or regulatory violations. 28 The liability of corporate officers in such instances flows directly from traditional agency law principles that hold an agent personally liable for his or her own tortious conduct, even if he or she is acting on behalf of the principal.29 Agency law provides that an individuals active participation in wrongdoing can lead to personal liability, even where the individual was acting in an official capacity as an agent of the corporation, or at the direction of his or her principal and not on the agents own behalf.30 In such instances, the plaintiff may pursue the participation can lead to liability, see Martin Petrin, The Curious Case of Directors and Officers Liability for Supervision and Management: Exploring the Intersection of Corporate and Tort Law, 59 AM. U. L. REV. 1661, 116870 (2010). See Murphy Tugboat Co. v. Shipowners & Merchants Towboat Co., 467 F. Supp. 841, 852 (N.D. Cal. 1979) (Courts have, however, consistently stated that a corporate executive will not be held vicariously liable, merely by virtue of his office, for the torts of his corporation), affd, 658 F.2d 1256 (9 Cir. 1981). Bernstein v. Starret City, Inc., 758 N.Y.S.2d 658, 659 (N.Y. App. Div. 2003); Bowling v. Holdeman, 413 NE.2d 1010, 1014 (Ind. Ct. App. 1980). See Escude Cruz v. Ortho Pharm. Corp., 619 F.2d 902, 907 (1 Cir. 1980) (noting requirement of personal involvement by the corporate officers in some decision or action which is causally related to plaintiffs injury); Mill Run Assocs. v. Locke Prop. Co., 282 F.Supp.2d 278, 287 (E.D. Pa. 2003) (noting general, if not universal, rule . . . that an officer of a corporation who takes part in the commission of a tort by the corporation is personally liable therefor . . . .); 3A FLETCHER, supra note 14, 1137 (An officer or director of a corporation is not personally liable for torts of the corporation or of its other officers and agents merely by virtue of holding corporate office, but can only incur personal liability by participating in the wrongful activity.). The scope of director liability is not explored Citronelle-Mobile Gathering, Inc. v. Herrington, 826 F.2d 16, 25 (Temp. Emerg. Ct. App. 1987) (Furthermore, personal responsibility for corporate liability may attach when the individuals wrongful conduct causes the violation of a statute and accompanying regulations.). Note that a corporate director (as opposed to an officer) is not the corporations agent and so is not at risk of this same type of individual liability. See RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF AGENCY 14C (2006) (Neither the board of directors nor an individual director of a business is, as such, an agent of the corporation or of its members.) As explained in the Restatement, the individual director has no power of his own to act on the corporation's behalf, but only as one of the body of directors acting as a board. Even when he acts as a member of the board, he does not act as an agent, but as one of the group which supervises the activities of the corporation. Id. cmt. b. Where the director also serves as an officer of the corporation, however, he or she is necessarily an agent, and normally a general agent, of the corporation, since he [or she] acts on its behalf and subject to its control exercised through the board of directors. Id. This is just another variant of recognizing the different hats that an individual may wear within a corporation. RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF AGENCY 343 (1958) (An agent who does an act otherwise a tort is not relieved from liability by the fact that he acted at the command of the principal or on account of the principal . . . .); 3A FLETCHER, supra note 13, 1135) (An individual is personally liable for all torts which that individual committed, notwithstanding the person may have acted as an agent or under directions of another. This rule applies to torts committed by those acting in their official capacities as officers or agents of a corporation.). corporation, the individual officer, or both, and the liability of the officer will be joint and several with that of the corporation. 31 An officer may also be a shareholder (even the sole shareholder) of a corporation, but in that instance, traditional doctrine dictates that the court should recognize the different hats the individual is wearing and should distinguish carefully the grounds on which liability is being imposed. In the leading case of Donsco, Inc. v. Casper Corp., 32 for example, the Third Circuit emphasized that while the individual at issue being held personally liable was both a shareholder and an officer, the individuals liability stemmed from his role as an actor rather than as an owner. 33 The court noted that because officer liability is not rooted in a piercing of the corporate veil, it was in no way dependent upon a finding that [the corporation] is inadequately capitalized, that the corporation is a mere alter ego [of the individual], that the corporate form is being used to perpetrate a fraud, or that corporate formalities have not been properly complied with. 34 Rather, [t]he only crucial predicate to officer liability is the individuals participation in the wrongful acts. 35 Liability of the Corporation for Acts of Corporate Officers Under the well-known doctrine of respondeat superior, the wrongdoing of the officer, as agent, can be imputed to the corporation, rendering both the individual and the corporation liable. As explained in an 1858 case: A corporation can only act by their [sic] agents. It can act only by those who are in their employ. And when one in the employ of a corporation, in the business of his employment, does an act for their benefit, and which they adopt, and See Strang v. Hollowell, 387 S.E.2d 664, 666 (N.C. Ct. App. 1990) (citations omitted): It is well settled that one is personally liable for all torts committed by him, including negligence, notwithstanding that he may have acted as agent for another or as an officer for a corporation. Furthermore, the potential for corporate liability, in addition to individual liability, does not shield the individual tortfeasor from liability. Rather, it provides the injured party a choice as to which party to hold liable for the tort. 587 F.2d 602 (3d Cir. 1978). approve, and take advantage of, they will be deemed to have authorized the act, and will be as much bound by it as though expressly authorized.36 This is a one-way street of imputed liability, however: the corporation is liable, as the principal, for the actions of the officer as agent., There is no rule holding the officer liable for the corporations actions or liabilities merely because the individual holds the position of officer. Rather, the officers liability must stem from his or her own personal participation in the the acts creating the liability, not her or her status. INDIVIDUAL OFFICER LIABILITY FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT The Federal Circuit has adopted a clearly inapposite doctrinepiercing of the corporate veilto assess the personal liability of corporate officers for patent infringement. As discussed above, piercing is a traditional corporate doctrine used to set aside the corporate form to hold corporate owners liable. 37 While this deviation from traditional doctrine can be explained partially by the specialized path that patent appeals takes, the statutory framework of the Patent Act and the courts desire to constrain the expansive strict liability of direct patent infringement more likely impel adoption of this misplaced theory. Patent Infringement and the Role of the Federal Circuit Infringement Liability Generally Under the Patent Act Patent infringement is often described in traditional common law terms. A patent is a property interest of the patent holder, 38 infringement of the patent is a tortious taking of that property, and the patent infringer is thus a tortfeasor. 39 However, overlaid on these common law characteristics is the specific statutory scheme of patent infringement found in the Patent Act of 1952.40 Poppenhusen v. New York Gutta Percha Comb Co., 19 F. Cas. 1059, 1063 (C.C.S.D. N.Y. 1858). See supra Part I.A. See Dowagiac Mfg. Co. v. Minnesota Moline Plow Co., 235 U.S. 641, 648 (1915) ([T]he exclusive right conferred by the patent was property, and the infringement was a tortious taking of the property.). See, e.g., Carbice Corp. of Am. v. Am. Patents Dev. Corp., 283 U.S. 27, 33 (1931) (Infringement, whether direct or contributory, is essentially a tort, and implies invasion of some right of the patentee.); Mars, Inc. v. Coin Acceptors, Inc., 527 F.3d 1359, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (Patent infringement is a tort . . . .). The Patent Act addresses both direct and indirect patent infringement in separate sections of Section 271. In particular, Section 271(a) imposes direct infringement liability on whoever without authority makes, uses, offers to sell, or sells any patented invention, within the United States or imports into the United States any patented invention during the term of the patent . . . . 41 Section 271(a) has no intent element and so direct patent infringement is a strict liability offense. 42 While a defendants lack of willfulness or lack of bad faith may affect the availability of enhanced damages under the Patent Act, 43 it does not mitigate the imposition of liability itself. The Patent Act also contemplates two forms of indirect infringement liability (only one of which, inducement of infringement, is relevant to officer liability). Neither form of indirect infringement can exist in the absence of direct infringement by another. 44 Section 271(b) addresses inducement of infringement and provides: Whoever actively induces infringement shall be liable as an infringer. 45 The courts interpret this language as encompassing a broad range of actions, such as licensing, indemnification of third parties for infringement, design or purchase of infringing items, and repair or maintenance of infringing items. 46 Unlike the strict liability of direct infringement, inducement of infringement has an intent element. 47 The second form of indirect liability recognized by the Patent Act is contributory infringement. Section 271(c) holds liable a party who sells a component with knowledge that the component is especially designed for use in a patented invention, and is not a staple article 35 U.S.C. 271(a). Utility patents typically extend for twenty years from the date of patent application. 35 U.S.C. 154. Design patents endure for fourteen years from date of patent issuance. Id. 173. See, e.g., Global Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB, S.A., 131 S. Ct. 2060, 2065 n.2 (2011) (Direct infringement has long been understood to require no more than the unauthorized use of a patented invention . . . . [A] direct infringers knowledge or intent is irrelevant.); Jurgens v. CBK, Ltd., 80 F.3d 1566, 1570 n.2 (Fed. Cir. 1996) (Infringement itself . . . is a strict liability offense.). See 35 U.S.C. 284 (the court, in its discretion, may increase damages up to three times the amount found or assessed). See, e.g., Deepsouth Packing Co. v. Laitrim Corp., 406 U.S. 578 (1972); Joy Techs. v. Flakt, Inc., 6 F.3d 770, 774 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (Liability for either active inducement of infringement or for contributory infringement is dependent upon the existence of direct infringement.). [The Federal Circuit seemed to call this into question in Akamai Techs., Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc., 692 F.3d 1031 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (per curiam) (en banc). [Note: that issue is before the Supreme Court right now; this footnote will be updated once that opinion is issued.] 35 U.S.C. 271(b). See 17 DONALD S. CHISUM, CHISUM ON PATENTS 17.04[4] (citing cases). After some degree of confusion in the lower courts, the U.S. Supreme Court determined in 2011 that inducement of infringement requires knowledge that the induced acts constitute patent infringement, Global Tech, 131 S. Ct. at 2068, and that knowledge encompasses willful blindness. Id. at 2068-69. of commerce suitable for noninfringing use. 48 The classic example of contributory infringement arises when a supplier sells a part that is necessary for and used in a patented product or process and that has no other use, 49 knowing that the intended use is infringing.50 Although contributory infringement also has an intent element, it focuses more on the nature of the item sold than upon the status of the seller, and thus is not discussed further in this manuscript. The Special Case of Federal Circuit Precedent The federal courts are composed primarily of courts of general jurisdiction. 51 While most federal law issues go to the regional circuit courts of appeal, patent cases fall under the specialized jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit. The Federal Circuit is a relative newcomer to the federal court system, having been created on October 1, 1982. The creation of this specialized appellate court has had profound effects upon the development of patent infringement doctrine, 52 including officer liability doctrine. Prior to creation of the Federal Circuit in 1982, appeals of patent cases were taken from the federal district courts to the regional circuit courts of appeals, while appeals from decisions of the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) were taken to the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals.53 Because each of the regional circuits sets its own precedents, interpretation of patent law could (and did) vary significantly from circuit to circuit, leading to forum-shopping by litigants. 54 Concerns about the efficacy and efficiency of patent law, coupled with a faltering economy, fear of decreasing American global commercial competitiveness, and the demands of 35 U.S.C. 271(c). See Hewlett-Packard Co. v. Bausch & Lomb, Inc., 909 F.2d 1464, 1469 (Fed. Cir. 1990). See Aro Mfg. Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co., 377 U.S. 476, 488 (1964) (alleged contributer [must know] that the combination for which his component was especially designed was infringing). See the Judicial Act of 1891, ch. 517, 26 Stat. 826 (creating basic structure of federal courts); www.uscourts.gov (describing current configuration of federal courts) (last visited May 24, 2014). For example, the development of multi-actor patent infringement doctrine. See Lynda J. Oswald, Simplifying Multiactor Patent Infringement Cases Through Proper Application of Common Law Doctrine, 51 AM. BUS. L.J. 1 See Richard L. Revesz, Specialized Courts and the Administrative Lawmaking System, 138 U. PA. L. REV. 1111, 1125 & n.62 (1990) (citing 28 U.S.C. 1338 (1982)). See H.R. Rep. No. 97-312, at 20 (1981) (noting undue forum-shopping and unsettling inconsistencies in patent litigation). the patent bar and inventive community, drove Congress to create a new courtthe Federal Circuitthat was intended to foster the development of patent doctrine. 55 Two characteristics in particular distinguish the Federal Circuit from its sister circuits. First, unlike the regional circuit courts, the Federal Circuits jurisdiction is based solely on subject matter; geography plays no role. Second, the Federal Circuit has nationwide jurisdiction over specific subject matter, and that jurisdiction is exclusive; i.e., it is not shared with other intermediate appellate courts. These subject matters include, in addition to patents, an eclectic mishmash of other topics: international trade, government contracts, certain trademark issues, federal personnel issues, veterans benefits, and public safety officers benefit claims.56 Thus, the Federal Circuit is not exclusively a patent appellate court, which reflects a deliberate decision by Congress to create a specialized appellate court with a varied docket. 57 Nonetheless, patent cases now form the largest segment of the Federal Circuits caseload, comprising 47%, or almost one-half, of the appeals filed before the Federal Circuit in FY 2013.58 The next largest category of cases pertained to personnel actions, which comprised only 17% of the total number of appeals filed.59 It is not surprising, therefore, that the Federal Circuit is often viewed as a patent court. 60 Moreover, the specialized jurisdiction and patent-centric focus of the Federal Circuits caseload means that it does not see the broad range of cases presented to the regional circuits. This, in turn, contributes to the courts erroneous interpretation and application of traditional doctrine in the context of individual officer liability for patent infringement. The Development of Officer Patent Infringement Liability Doctrine See generally Christopher A. Cotropria, Arising Under Jurisdiction and Uniformity in Patent Law, 9 MICH. TELECOMM. & TECH. L. REV. 253, 259-61 (2003) (providing history of Federal Circuits creation); Paul R. Guigliuzza, Rethinking Federal Circuit Jurisdiction, 100 GEO. L.J. 1437, 1455-57 (2012) (same). 28 U.S.C. 1295 (2012). See S. Rep. No. 97-275, at 6 (1981): This rich docket assures that the work of the proposed court will be broad and diverse and not narrowly specialized. The judge will have no lack of exposure to a broad variety of legal problems. Moreover, the subject matter of the new court will be sufficiently mixed to prevent any special interest from dominating it. Statistics, Caseload by Category, Appeals Filed, 2013, U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT (2012), at www.cafc.uscourts.gov/images/stories/the-court/Statistics/fy2013_filings_by_category.pdf. Guigliuzza, supra note 55, at 1455. The development of the rules pertaining to the individual liability of corporate officers for patent infringement has been explored elsewhere, 61 and only a brief overview is provided here. This development can be broken into two temporal segments: before and after formation of the Federal Circuit in 1982. Pre-Federal Circuit doctrine coalesced around traditional agency, tort, and corporate law rules; Federal Circuit doctrine, by contrast, has taken a wrong turn toward holding corporate officers individually liable under theories more appropriately applied to corporate owners. Pre-Federal Circuit Liability Rules Prior to the creation of the Federal Circuit in 1982, patent cases were heard in the regional circuit courts of appeal. The leading case on officer liability was Dangler v. Imperial Machine Co., 62 decided by the Seventh Circuit in 1926. The Dangler court noted that, at that point in time, the rules regarding personal liability of officers for patent infringement were confused and unclear. 63 Plaintiffs seldom sought to hold individual officers liable unless the corporation itself was insolvent,64 and courts generally imposed liability only where the officers acted outside the scope of their official duties. 65 Dangler was the stereotypical case: the defendant corporation declared bankruptcy soon after the trial court found that the patent was valid and had been infringed, leaving the patent owner to cast about for other parties from whom to recover. 66 The two individual defendants were the president and secretary of the corporation; between them, they owned See generally Ronald B. Coolley, Personal Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors for Infringement of Intellectual Property, 68 J. PAT. & TM. OFF. SOCY 228 (1986); Oswald, supra note 7; Ashley M. Fry, Note, CorporateParticipant Liability for Direct Patent Infringement: A Look to Copyright Laws Vicarious Liability Analysis, 2012 COLUM. BUS. L. REV. 284; Joseph M. Sauer, Note, A Tear in the Corporate Veil: The Liability of Corporate Officers for Patent Infringement, 37 DUQUESNE L. REV. 89 (1998); Patrick T. Schmidt, Note, The Internalization of Corporate Patent Infringement: Challenging the Federal Circuits Approach to Corporate-Participant Liability, 88 TEX. L. REV. 217 (2009). 11 F.2d 945 (7 Cir. 1926). Id. at 946 (the authorities are not in accord). Id. at 947 (The enforcement of this liability is seldom sought, except in the case of insolvency of the 40% of the corporations stock. 67 The plaintiff contended that the individual officers should be held personally liable because they had operated the corporation as a shell. 68 The Seventh Circuit disagreed, finding that managing officers of corporations were generally not liable for patent infringement of the corporation even if the infringement was committed under their general direction. 69 However, the Dangler court went on to state, an officer could be held jointly liable with the corporation based upon his or her own acts: It is when an officer acts willfully and knowinglythat is, when he personally participates in the manufacture or sale of the infringing article (acts other than an officer), or when he uses the corporation as an instrument to carry out his own willful and deliberate infringements, or when he knowingly uses an irresponsible corporation with the purpose of avoiding personal liabilitythat officers are held jointly liable with the company. 70 The officers in Dangler were not held liable because the corporation was a bona fide corporation active in a field in which there were numerous patents (thus making it difficult for the corporation to evaluate whether its actions might infringe), and the corporation had sought appropriate legal counsel before proceeding. 71 Thus, the court concluded, the case fell far short of establishing any one of the situations for which the officer of the corporation may be held liable for the infringements of the corporation. 72 Danglers general rule that in the absence of some special showing, the managing officers of a corporation are not liable for the infringements of such corporation, though committed under their general direction 73 was adopted by many subsequent courts. 74 The Id. Dangler continues to be cited by the trial courts of the Seventh Circuit. See, e.g., Top Tobacco L.P. v. Midwestern Cash & Carry, L.L.C., 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7598, at 18 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 22, 2014); Callanetics Mgt. Co. v. Pinckney, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 173749, at 10 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 11. 2013). 11 F.2d at 948. See, e.g., White v. Mar-Bel, Inc., 509 F.2d 287, 292-93 (5th Cir. 1975); Telling v. Bellows-Claude Neon Co., 77 F.2d 584, 586 (6 Cir. 1935); Dean Rubber Mfg. Co. v. Killian, 106 F.2d 316, 320 (8 Cir. 1939); S.W. Tool Co. v. Hughes Tools Co., 98 F.2d 42, 46 (10 Cir. 1938). Dangler rule did not insulate officers from individual liability, however, and there were several cases in which an officer was held personally liable for infringement based upon his or her actions as a moving force behind the infringement 75 or because of his or her deliberate participation in the infringing acts. 76 Post-1982: The Development of Federal Circuit Doctrine The Federal Circuit issued its first opinion on October 28, 1982, in which it adopted as binding precedent the holdings of our predecessor courts, the United States Court of Claims and the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, announced by those courts before the close of business 30 September 1982, but declared itself not bound by the decisions of the regional circuit courts of appeal.77 Thus, while the Federal Circuit started out with a substantial body of precedent upon which to draw, it also started out with significant freedom to create and develop its own precedents and doctrines. Early Federal Circuit Cases: Erroneous Adoption of Piercing Officer liability issues arose before the Federal Circuit soon after its creation, and just as quickly took a wrong analytical turn that continues to plague officer liability doctrine. The first such case to come before the Federal Circuit was Orthokinetics, Inc. v. Safety Travel Chairs, Inc., 78 in 1986. The Orthokinetics court found that three individuals, all officers and shareholders of two corporations accused of infringement, could be held individually liable for See, e.g., White, 509 F.2d at 292-93 (defendant was the incorporator, president, majority stockholder, and moving force which resulted in the manufacture of the accused device [and] participated in the manufacture and sale of his machine); International Mfg. Co. v. Landon, Inc., 336 F.2d 723, 728-29 (9 Cir. 1964) (defendant-officer was the moving active conscious force behind the corporations infringement and is therefore subject to personal liability without regard to whether [the corporation is his alter ego); Marks v. Polaroid Corp., 237 F.2d 428, 435 (1 Cir. 1956) (defendant-officer was the moving, active conscious force behind the corporations infringement). See, e.g., Bewal, Inc. v. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., 292 F.2d 159, 167 (10 Cir. 1961) (corporate officers who wilfully and knowingly participate in, induce and approve of acts of infringement . . . are liable with the corporation for the wrongful acts); Weller Mfg. Co. v. Wen Prods. Inc., 232 F.2d 795, 801 (7 Cir. 1956) (holding liable defendant-officer who deliberately designed the infringing product and who was at all times in control of the administrative and managerial policy of the corporation); Southwestern Tool Co. v. Hughes Tool Co., 98 F.2d 42, 45-46 (10 Cir. 1938) (holding liable defendant-officer who used the corporation as an instrument to carry out his own deliberate infringement). S. Corp. v. United States, 690 F.2d 1368, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 1982) (en banc). 806 F.2d 1565, 1578 (Fed. Cir. 1986). direct infringement under Section 271(a) and for inducement of infringement under Section 271(b). 79 The Orthokinetics court began by examining the officers liability for direct infringement under Section 271(a) of the Patent Act, making two conflicting statements with regard to such liability. First, the court stated that [i]nfringement is a tort and officers of corporation are personally liable for tortious conduct of the corporation if they personally took part in the commission of the tort or specifically directed other officers, agents, or employees of the corporation to commit the tortious act. 80 This statement is, of course, a reiteration of the general principles of general tort and agency law that typically govern the personal liability of corporate officers 81 and is unobjectionable on its face. However, the Orthokinetics court went on to state that evaluating the personal liability of corporate officers under 271(a) requires invocation of those general principles relating to piercing the corporate veil. 82 In doing so, the court muddled doctrine relating to owner liability (piercing) with that relating to officer liability (personal participation). Moreover, the courts recitation of the facts indicated that the court did not give sufficient weight to the different roles that individuals can play within a corporationi.e., as shareholders (owners) and managers (officers)and the differing standards of liability that should apply to each such role. For example, the court emphasized that the individuals were the sole owners of the corporations at issue, yet did not discuss evidence of abuse of the corporate form that would permit the court to pierce the corporate veil and hold those individuals personally liable.83 Rather, the court emphasized that the individuals were directly responsible for the design and production of the infringing [products] and that they were the only ones who stood to benefit from sales of those [products]. 84 It is hard to divine the relevance of these two factors for either officer or owner liability. The mere fact that a corporate owner is in a position to benefit from the sale of an infringing device is insufficient grounds to impose liability upon him or her: Id. at 1579. See supra Part I.B. See supra notes 12-13 and accompanying text (discussing piercing) Orthokinetics, 806 F.2d at 1579. Even in their role as shareholders, the individuals are not automatically liable simply because they are likely to profit monetarily from the corporations infringing acts. A rule so holding would make all shareholders automatically personally liable if illegal or infringing acts of the corporation led to financial gain, even if those acts were unintentional or inadvertent. Rather, the additional indicia needed to pierce the corporate veil must be shown before shareholders forfeit the protection of the corporate form. 85 The relevance of monetary benefit is even more attenuated in the officer liability context, where every officer can be said to benefit from the corporations profitability and financial stability, if only in the sense of an enhanced likelihood of employment, but where the officer has no direct claim on the corporations profits, as would a shareholder. The Orthokinetics courts consideration of the individuals direct[] responsib[ility] for the design and production of the infringing 86 items is equally perplexing as a factor relating to officer liability. Although direct participation in a tortious act can lead to individual officer liability, the Orthokinetics court did not inquire into such direct participation by the corporate officers, seeming instead to ground its analysis in the fact that the individuals, as officers, had the authority to control the corporations acts. In so doing, the Orthokinetics court opened the door to a broad statement of officer liability, as officers always have the authority to control the corporation. The Orthokinetics court then turned its attention to the officers liability for indirect infringement under Section 271(b), once again incorrectly interjecting corporate owner liability standards into corporate officer liability analysis. The court stated: it is well settled that corporate officers who actively aid and abet their corporations infringement may be personally liable for inducing infringement under 271(b) regardless of whether the corporation is the alter ego of the corporate officer. This, of course, suggests that an officer can be the alter ego of the corporation; the alter ego theory, however, requires a unity of interest and ownership held only by corporate owners. 87 Certainly, an officer can be liable for inducement of infringement under Section 271(b), but that liability is grounded in the officers own acts of aiding and abetting direct infringement by the corporation, and requires a showing of intent.88 Oswald, supra note 7, at 132. 806 F.2d at 1578. Automotriz, 306 P.2d at 3-4. See supra notes 45-47 and accompanying text (discussing inducement of infringement). The Orthokinetic courts erroneous adoption of piercing analysis and alter ego theory to reach corporate officers quickly took firm root in Federal Circuit case law. In Manville Sales Corp. v. Paramount Systems, Inc., 89 in 1990, the court found that two corporate officers90 were not liable for direct infringement under Section 271(a) because the required evidence to justify piercing the corporate veil was not present.91 The Manville court stated that [a]lthough facts support the conclusion that the officers had knowledge of their acts, these acts were within the scope of their employment and thus were protected by the corporate veil. 92 The Manville court also found that the district court had erred in imposing individual liability upon the officers even though the district court had found that the officers were not the alter ego of the corporation.93 Thus, the Manville court displayed a complete lack of understanding of the differing roles of owners and officers in corporations, and the differing standards of liability that apply to each such role. The Federal Circuit attempted to correct its wrong direction on officer liability in Hoover Group, Inc. v. Custom Metalcraft, Inc. 94 in 1996, but the remedial measures were short-lived. While Orthokinetics had held that officers could be personally liable under general principles relating to piercing the corporate veil, 95 Hoover Group sought to constrain this holding by noting that when an officer is acting within the scope of his or her responsibility, those acts are not always sufficient grounds for penetrating the corporate protection and imposing personal liability, 96 and that piercing the corporate veil to impose personal liability upon officers was appropriate only in limited circumstances. 97 Rather, the Hoover Group court stated, [w]hen a person in a control position causes the corporation to commit a civil wrong, imposition of 917 F.2d 544 (Fed. Cir. 1990). The appellate court looked only the actions of these individuals in their role as officers, and did not address whether they were also shareholders. Id. at 553-54. Id. at 553. The Manville court cited A. Stucki Co. v. Worthington Industries, Inc., 849 F.2d 593 (Fed. Cir. 1988), a 1988 Federal Circuit decision that addressed the liability of a parent corporation for a subsidiarys patent infringementin other words, a classic example of using piercing to reach a corporate owner. Id. The Manville court cited a 1967 Third Circuit decision, Zubik v. Zubik, 384 F.2d 267 (3d Cir. 1967), which evaluated the liability of an individual in his capacity as a shareholder for the torts of his closely-held corporation. 84 F.3d 1408 (Fed. Cir. 1996). Id. (citing Manville, 917 F.2d at 553). personal liability requires consideration of the nature of the wrong, the culpability of the act, and whether the person acted in his/her personal interest or in that of the corporation. 98 Although the use of the term control is concerning because of its lack of precision, 99 and suggests that mere ability to control, rather than actual exercise of the same, is sufficient, the remainder of the state articulates the correct rule: an officer may be held personally liable for his or her personal participation in the wrongdoing. Unfortunately, while Hoover Group seemed to be backing away from the statements in Orthokinetics and Manville that individual liability can only be based in a piercing of the corporate veil, it did not completely jettison application of piercing analysis to corporate officers. Rather, the Hoover Group court found that individual officer liability for direct infringement under Section 271(a) could be based in either a piercing of the corporate veil or personal participation by the corporate officer 100effectively, getting only one-half of the analysis correct. Moreover, the courts explanation for why the officers involved were not liable was inaccurate; further, it erroneously indicated that officer liability could not be imposed in the absence of veil piercing: Unless the corporate structure is a sham, as is not here asserted, personal liability for inducement to infringe is not automatic but must be supported by personal culpability. The district court did not find bad faith or fraud or culpable intent on the part of [the individual]. The court erred in imposing liability although the corporate veil was not pierced. 101 The Federal Circuits next foray into officer liability, in Al-Site Corp. v. VSI International, decided in 1999, returned Federal Circuit doctrine firmly back to the erroneous Inc., precedents set in Orthokinetics and Manville. The Al-Site Corp. court noted that [p]ersonal liability under 271(a) . . . requires sufficient evidence to justify piercing the corporate veil,103 and that[t]he most common reason for ignoring the corporate form is that the corporation was merely the alter ego of its officers. 104 The plaintiff had sued a corporation and its Id. (emphasis added) (citing 3A FLETCHER, supra note 14, at 1134-1166 (rev. vol., West 1994)). See infra Part IV. 84 F.3d at 1411-22. 174 F.3d 1308 (Fed. Cir 1999). Id. at 1331 (citing Manville, 917 F.2d at 552). chairman and chief executive officer, Myron Orlinksy, for infringement of a patent on hanger tags used on a display rack for eyeglasses. Although Orlinsky had made the sole decision to continue using the hanger tags after the corporation had received a cease and desist letter from the plaintiff, 105 he did so in a good faith belief of noninfringement engendered by advice of counsel. 106 This, the Federal Circuit concluded, was insufficient to demonstrate that the corporation operated as the officers alter ego or to support a piercing of the corporate veil. 107 Recent Federal Circuit Decisions: Solidifying Incorrect Officer Liability Doctrine The damaging, and seemingly permanent, legacy of the wrong path initiated by the Orthokinetics court can be seen in recent Federal Circuit cases addressing officer liability for patent infringement. For example, in Wechsler v. Macke Intl Trade, Inc., 108 decided in 2006, the Federal Circuit failed to explicitly discuss the distinction between owner and officer liability in evaluating individual patent infringement liability. Anthony ORourke was the president, sole stockholder, and sole employee of Macke International Trade, Inc. 109 The district court granted summary judgment that Macke was not ORourkes alter ego. 110 The appellate court affirmed, but without explicitly stating whether it was looking at ORourkes role as an owner or as an officer.111 Id.at 1314. 486 F.3d 1286 (Fed. Cir. 2007). The trial court had granted judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) that ORourke was personally liable for inducing Mackes infringement of the patent. The trial court found that Special Verdict No. 1 (that ORourke was not personally liable for inducing Mackes infringement) was inconsistent with Special Verdict No. 3 (that ORourke and Macke willfully infringed the patent). The trial courts solution was to essentially discard[] Special Verdict No. 1. Id.at 1290 There was a second issue involving inducement and willful infringement in the case that is beyond the scope of this paper. At trial, the jury found that ORourke was not personally liable for infringement, but that the defendants willfully infringed. The district court granted judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) that individual was personally liable for infringement on the grounds that a corporation does not act independently of its sole principal and that a finding of willful infringement by the corporation is necessarily a finding of willful infringement by that principal as well. The appellate court reversed, finding that the trial courts logicthat a person that incorporates him or herself to conduct business can never escape personal liability for willful infringement by the corporation, id. at 1292,was erroneous. Rather, the appellate court noted, the standard for personal liability is The Weschler court began by addressing the source of applicable law. Corporate and agency law doctrines stem from state, not federal, doctrine. Because these doctrines (including alter ego doctrine) are not unique to patent law (which is, of course, exclusively federal law), the Federal Circuit applies the law of the regional circuit in which the case originated.112 The law of the Ninth Circuit thus applied here, and that regional circuit in turn applies the law of the forum state, which in this instance was California. 113 Californias jurisprudence regards application of the alter ego doctrine as an extraordinary measure and applies it only reluctantly and cautiously, 114 requiring both a unity of interest and ownership [such] that the individuality, or separateness, of the said person and the corporation has ceased, and a finding that an adherence to the fiction of the separate existence of the corporation would . . . sanction a fraud or promote injustice. 115 While the plaintiff argued that ORourkes status as sole owner, director, and officer of Macke supported a piercing of the corporate veil, 116 the appellate court noted that sole ownership is insufficient grounds for a piercing; rather, [b]ad faith in one form or another was based upon personal culpability and requires the officer to have possessed a specific intent to aid and abet the infringement, id. at 1292 (citing Water Techs. Corp., 850 F.2d at 668); as such, it is distinct from the willful infringement inquiry of whether the infringer had a good faith belief that the patent was invalid and/or not infringed. Id. (citing SRI Intern., Inc. v. Advanced Tech. Labs., Inc., 127 F.3d 1462, 1464 (Fed. Cir. 1997)). Interestingly, the appellate courts rather muddled analysis seemed to suggest that the appellate court was implicitly recognizing the distinction between the liability of owners (where the corporation must be a sham) and the liability of officers (which requires personal culpability), albeit in the specific context of willful infringement: Under the district courts logic, a person that incorporate s him or herself to conduct business can never escape liability for willful infringement by the corporation. This is inconsistent with our case law. Unless the corporate structure is a sham, we have held that personal liability for inducement must be supported by personal culpability. This requires the officer to have possessed a specific intent to aid and abet the infringement. A primary consideration for willful infringement, on the other hand, is whether the infringer had a good faith belief that the patent was invalid and/or not infringed. The two standards are not the same. For example, a corporate officer could negligently believe that a patent was invalid and/or not infringed. This might support a finding of willful infringement by the corporation, but not a finding of personal liability for the officer. Id. at 1292 (citations omitted). Id. at 1295 (citing Insituform Techs., Inc. v. CAT Contracting, Inc., 385 F.3d 1360, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (citing Panduit Corp. v. All States Plastic Mfg. Co., 744 F.2d 1564, 1574-75 (Fed. Cir. 1984)). Id. (citing Towe Antique Ford Found. v. IRS, 999 F.2d 1387, 1391 (9 Cir. 1993)). Id. (citing Las Palmas Assocs. v. Las Palmas Ctr. Assocs., 235 Cal. App. 3d 1220, 1249, 1 Cal. Rptr. 2d 301 (1991)). Id. (citing Firstmark Capital Corp. v. Hempel Fin. Corp., 859 F.2d 92, 94 99 Cir. 1988) (ellipses in Weschler). Id. at 1295 (citing Carlesimo v. Schwebel, 197 P.2d 167 (1948). required.117 The plaintiff put forth five arguments in support of piercing: (1) the corporation was undercapitalized; (2) ORourke as an individual held the assets while the corporation held the liabilities; (3) ORourke treated corporate assets as his own; (4) ORourke held himself out as liable for the corporations debts; and (5) ORourke used the corporate identity to defraud creditors.118 However, the appellate court found that none of these assertions raised a genuine issue of material fact 119 and that no reasonable jury could have found that Macke was the alter ego of ORourke, making the trial courts grant of summary judgment correct. 120 The appellate courts analysis in Wechsler was a correct application of piercing analysis in the context of ORourkes status as a shareholder. However, the plaintiff lumped owner and officer liability together, and the appellate court never drew the explicit distinctions that would clarify: (1) that piercing and alter ego doctrine was relevant to ORourke only in his status as a corporate owner, and (2) that any liability that might attach to him in his role as corporate officer would have to be based on personal participation (or personal culpability, as the Wechsler court called it). In 2010, a chink in the Federal Circuits piercing doctrine began to emerge in Wordtech Systems v. Integrated Networks Solutions. 121 Although the Federal Circuit again applied a piercing analysis to individual officers, this time the court also hinted at the problematic nature of its precedent. The corporation at issue was a small family business, managed by the two sons of the founder, both of who denied they were officers but admitted they ran the company. 122 The jury had found the corporation and two individual defendants liable for direct patent infringement, as well as for inducement of infringement and contributory infringement.123 Id. at 1310. With regard to the contributory infringement issue, the court found that while the corporate form does not shield officers from liability for personally participating in contributory infringement, id. at 1317, the plaintiff had failed to provide proof of the necessary elements for such infringement, thus necessitating remand for new trial. Id. Contributory infringement is not considered further in this article. On appeal, the Federal Circuit reversed and remanded the case 124 because the trial court had failed to provide jury instructions on piercing of the corporate veil 125and piercing, under Federal Circuit precedent, was necessary to impose direct liability upon individual officers under Section 271(a). 126 The Wordtech court noted in a footnote that commentators have argued that veil piercing does not apply to officers, 127 but found that it could not address that issue in the case before it for two reasons. First, the parties had not argued that the individuals were owners, nor did the parties draw any distinctions between owner and officer liability.128 Second, unless and until until this issue is raised and addressed en banc by the Federal Circuit, panels are bound by previous precedent, which is the piercing theory articulated in Orthokinetics. 129 Thus, the Wordtech court suggested that veil piercing is not the proper test for officers, yet failed to develop this analysis. Imposition of personal liability upon the two individuals in the absence of instructions about whether the entity was indeed a valid corporation and about piercing of the corporate veil was, in the appellate courts view, plain error that requires a new trial, as the plaintiff bore the burden of showing that either the entity was not a valid corporation when the individuals committed infringing acts on its behalf (and thus was not protected by limited liability) or that the corporation was valid and its veil should be pierced under state law. 130 With regard to the inducement of infringement claim, the Wordtech court stated that [t]he corporate veil can shield officers from liability under 271(a), 131 but that corporate officers who actively assist with their corporations infringement may be personally liable for inducing infringement regardless of whether the circumstances are such that a court should disregard the corporate entity and pierce the corporate veil. 132 The court highlighted, in a footnote, its discomfort the differing rules for officer liability under Section 271(a) (which requires piercing) and Section 271(b) (which does not) as well as the differing treatment of Id. (noting that on remand, the trial court was to address, inter alia, the issues of piercing [the entitys] corporate veil and [the entitys] corporate status). Id. at 1313 (citing Orthokinetics, 806 F.2d at 1579). Id. at n.2 (citing [Oswald, supra note 7). Id. at 1315-16. Id. at 1316 (citing Manville, 917 F.2d at 553; Hoover, 84 F.3d at 1412). officer and owner liability under existing precedent, but noted that the issues could not be resolved on the record before it and so were left for another day. 133 The Federal Circuits most recent discussion of individual officer liability for patent infringement came in Hall v. Bed Bath and Beyond, Inc. 134 in 2013. The discussion there was brief and more of a casual aside. Nonetheless, the case reconfirms the Federal Circuits incorrect path for officer individual liability, thus compounding a series of errors in the law. The plaintiff in Hall sued Bed, Bath & Beyond for design patent infringement, also alleging inducement of infringement by Farley Nachemin, the Vice-President and General Merchandise Manager. The plaintiff cited Orthokinetics language that it is well settled that alter ego of the corporate officer. 135 The Hall court rejected the imposition of liability on the officer on the basis of New York veil-piercing doctrine, which requires a two-part showing: (i) that the owner exercised complete domination over the corporation with respect to the transaction at issue; and (ii) that such domination was used to commit a fraud or wrong that injured the party seeking to pierce the veil. 136 Thus, the New York doctrine itself revealed that veil-piercing is relates to owner liability, not officer liability, 137 and thus was inapposite to the case before it, where the individual was clearly liable only as an officer, not an owner. Ultimately, the Federal Circuit did not reach the merits of this argument. The district court had dismissed the action against the individual on the grounds that the allegedly infringing activity by the individual had occurred before the patent had issued and thus was not actionable. The Federal Circuit affirmed the dismissal on these procedural timing grounds. Why does the Federal Circuit persist in applying the blatantly incorrect piercing doctrine to the evaluation of the personal liability of corporate officers for patent infringement? One Id. at 1316 n.3. Id. at 1365 (quoting Orthokinetics, 806 F.2d at 1578-79)). Id. (emphasis added) (quoting Am. Fuel Corp. v. Utah Energy Dev. Co., 122 F.2d 130, 134 (2d Cir. 1997)). And, in fact, a parenthetical to the Second Circuit opinion cited by the Hall court in support of its holding also talks in terms of owner liability, when it discusses piercing the corporate veil in order to hold a parent corporation liable for the acts of the subsidiary. Wm. Passalacqua Builders, Inc. v. Resnick Developers South, Inc., 933 F.2d 131, 138 (2d Cir. 1991). answer might be that the Federal Circuit, as a specialized federal appellate court, has little opportunity to interact with traditional corporate law doctrine across a wide variety of settings (as do the regional circuit courts of appeal). A search of the Federal Circuits decisions available on Lexis from the inception of the Federal Circuit in 1982 to March 16, 2014, revealed a total of 24 majority opinions and two dissents in which piercing of the corporate veil was addressed in substantive detail. 138 Of those 24 majority opinions, 21 of them addressed patent law issues.139 The remaining three consisted of an appeal from the Court of International Trade, 140 bankruptcy, 141 and a debt collection claim under the Small Business Act.142 However, as the next Part illustrates, the regional circuit courts of appeal also apply inapposite theories in assessing the individual liability of corporate officers for copyright infringement, although their errors take them down a different analytical path. The fact that The terms pierc!, corporate, and veil were searched in Federal Circuit cases LEXIS Advance from 1982 to March 16, 2014, resulting in 365 cases. The search was then narrowed to corporate veil, resulting in 35 cases. Those cases were examined to determine if the rationale behind veil piercing was discussed in substantial detail, or whether the doctrine was only referred to in a cursory manner, without analysis. See Taurus IP, LLC v. DaimlerChrysler Corp., 726 F.3d 1306 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (reverse piercing); Hall v. Bed Bath & Beyond, Inc., 705 F.3d 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2013); Kippen v. Pack, 491 Fed. Appx. 187 (Fed. Cir. 2012); Wordtech Sys. v. Integrated Network Solutions, Inc., 609 F.3d 1308 (Fed. Cir. 2010); Dow Jones & Co. v. Ablaise Ltd., 606 F.3d 1338 (Fed. Cir. 2010); Tiger Teams Techs., Inc. v. Synesi Group, Inc., 371 Fed. Appx. 90 (Fed. Cir. 2010); Weschler v. Macke Intl Trade, Inc., 486 F.3d 1286 (Fed. Cir. 2007); Insituform Techs. v. CAT Constr., Inc., 385 F.3d 1360 (Fed. Cir 2004); Sys. Div., Inc. v. Teknek Elecs., Ltd., 253 Fed. Appx. 31 (Fed. Cir 2007);Tegal Corp. v. Tokyo Electron Co., 2002 U.S. App. LEXIS 1992 (Fed. Cir. Feb. 1, 2002); In re Al-Site Corp., 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 2537 (Fed. Cir. Feb. 1, 2000) (writ of mandamus); Al-Site Corp. v. VSI Intl, Inc., 174 F.3d 1308 (Fed. Cir. 1999); 3D Sys. V. Aarotech Labs., Inc., 160 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 1998); Phonometrics, Inc. v. Resinter N. Am. Corp., 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 26574 (Fed. Cir. Sept. 17, 1997); Semiconductor Energy Lab. Co. v. Samsung Elecs. Am., 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 15005 (Fed. Cir. June 23, 1997) (reverse piercing); Hoover Group v. Custom Metalcraft, 84 F.3d 1408 (Fed. Cir. 1996); Nam Jin Yeu v. Kim, 1991 U.S. App. LEXIS 17880 (Fed. Cir. July 31, 1991); Manville Sales Corp. v. Paramount Sys., 917 F.2d 544, 552 (Fed. Cir. 1990); A. Stucki Co. v. Worthington Industries, Inc., 849 F.2d 593 (Fed. Cir. 1988); Orthokinetics, Inc. v. Safety Travel Chairs, Inc., 806 F.2d 1565 (Fed. Cir. 1986); Minn. Mining & Mfg. Co. v. Eco Chem., 757 F.2d 1256 (Fed. Cir. 1985). Three dissenting opinions also raised piercing. See Hunt Trust Estate v. United States, 470 F.3d 1044 (Fed. Cir. 2006) Gajarsa, J., dissenting); Cygnus Telecoms. Tech., LLC v. Totalaxcess.com, Inc., 345 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (Prost, J., dissenting); Ohio Cellular Prods. Corp. v. Adams USA, Inc., 175 F.3d 1343 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (Newman, J., dissenting). See United States v. Trek Leather, Inc., 724 F.3d 1330 (Fed. Cir 2013) (stating that piercing and alter ego theory are avenues for evaluating a corporate officers liability for the corporations violation of 19 U.S.C. 1592(a)). See Institut Pasteur v. Cambridge Biotech Corp., 186 F.3d 1356 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (bankruptcy court properly pierced to reach parent of a wholly owned subsidiary in a patent licensing case). See McCall Stock Farms v. United States, 14 F.3d 1562 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (finding Small Business Administrations decision to piece the corporate veil of a parent corporation was not arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law). both copyright and patent law use analytically incorrect theories to assess officer liability suggests that while the Federal Circuits specialized jurisdiction might be one factor in the incorrect articulation of officer liability for patent infringement, other factors are likely at play INDIVIDUAL OFFICER LIABILITY FOR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT Individual officer liability in the copyright arena has received less scholarly attention than in the patent arena. This is likely at least in part because the courts house officer liability for copyright infringement in vicarious liability, which, on its face, at least, appears to be a more doctrinally sound theory, less in need of commentary and criticism. However, closer examination reveals that that vicarious liability theory used for officer liability for copyright infringement also rests on shaky theoretical foundations. In many ways, copyright infringement looks similar to patent infringement. Infringement of the copyright is a tort, and the copyright infringer is a tortfeasor. 143 However, the avenue for appeals is different in patent and copyright cases. While appeals in patent cases are heard by a specialized intermediate appellate courtthe Federal Circuitappeals in copyright cases go to the regional circuit courts of appeal. Two significant consequences flow from this difference. First, because there are multiple circuit courts involved, each of which sets its own precedent, there is a potential for circuit splits in copyright law that does not exist in patent law. 144 Thus, copyright law tends to be less uniform than patent law, which emanates from a single intermediate appellate court. See Ted Browne Music Co. v. Fowler, 290 F. 751, 754 (2d Cir. 1923) (Courts have long recognized that infringement of a copyright is a tort, and all persons concerned therein are jointly and severally liable as such joint tort-feasors.). Whether a copyright is a property interest is subject to some debate. See, e.g., Tom W. Bell, Copyright as Intellectual Privilege, 58 SYRACUSE L. REV. 523 (2007-08) (arguing copyright should be viewed as a privilege, not a property interest); Richard Epstein, Liberty v. Property? Cracks in the Foundation of Copyright Law, 42 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 1 (2005) (offering Lockean justification for copyright as property); Adam Mossoff, Is Copyright Property?, 42 SAN DIEGO L. REV. 29 (2005) (summarizing debate about whether copyright is property and arguing digital copyrights are property). Such circuit splits provide rich fodder for student commentators. See, e.g., Jonathan L. Kennedy, Note, Double Standard and Facilitated Forum Shopping: A Historical Approach to Resolving the Circuit Split on Copyright Registration Timing, 60 DRAKE L. REV. 305 (2011-12) (discussing circuit split in acts required to satisfy the registration requirements of 411(a) of Copyright Act); Emily A. Caldwell, Note, Can the Application of Laches Violate the Separation of Powers? A Surprising Answer from a Copyright Circuit Split, 44 VAL. U. L. REV. 469 (2010) (discussing circuit split in whether a plaintiff can be barred from brining a suit within the Copyright Acts 3-year statute of limitations by the equitable doctrine of laches); Shana Dines, Note, Actual Interpretation Yields Actual Dissemination: An Analysis of the Make Available Theory Argued in Peer-to-Peer File-sharing Lawsuits, and Why Courts Ought to Reject It, 32 HASTINGS COMM. & ENT. L., J. 157 (2009) (discussing circuit split in whether unauthorized distribution for purposes of copyright law requires that work be actually disseminated versus made available). Second, because the regional circuit courts are generalist, not specialized, courts, they hear cases across a much more diverse range of topics. They are far more likely than the Federal Circuit to hear cases posing issues of traditional corporate, agency, and tort law concepts and in a much broader expanse of settings. This suggests that the regional circuits should be more adept than the Federal Circuit in correctly applying traditional doctrine to federal intellectual property issues. In fact, however, while courts seldom turn to application of piercing doctrine to hold corporate officers liable for copyright infringement, 145 copyright infringement cases do reveal other articulations of officer liability that are at odds with traditional doctrine. Infringement Liability Under Copyright Law As in patent law, it is not difficult in copyright law to impute infringement liability for the acts of officers to the corporation. Traditional corporate, agency, and tort doctrines apply, and respondeat superior is invoked to hold the master (e.g., the corporation) liable for the infringing acts of the agent (employee or officer). 146 The more difficult and provocative question in copyright law, like patent law, is under which circumstances should the officer be held individually liable for infringementa question made more complicated in the copyright area by the Copyright Acts more limited statutory infringement provisions. Direct Infringement The statutory language of the Copyright Act provides for direct infringement (but not indirect, i.e., secondary, infringement). 147 The actor who engages in infringing actions under the Copyright Act (such as reproduction, distribution, or copying 148) is liable as a direct infringer.149 Direct copyright infringement, like direct patent infringement, is a strict liability, 150 although the strict liability in copyright is, in a sense, less strict than in patent because of the presence of See infra Part III.B.3. Id. (citations omitted); see also Disney Enterprises, Inc. v. Hotfile Corp., 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 172339 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 28, 2013) (Vicarious copyright liability has been described as a variation of the doctrine of respondeat superiora form of strict liability premised on agency.) (citing Fonavisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, 76 F.3d 259, 263 (9 Cir. 1996). 15 U.S.C. 501(a) (Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner . . . is an infringer of the copyright . . . .). See 15 U.S.C. 106 (defining exclusive rights belonging to the copyright holder). See generally NIMMER ON COPYRIGHT 12.04[A][1] (2014). See Educ. Testing Serv. V. Simon, 95 F. Supp. 2d 1081, 1087 (C.D. Cal. 1999) (copyright infringement is a strict liability tort); 6 WILLIAM F. PATRY, PATRY ON COPYRIGHT 21:81 (2010). the fair use defense. The elements of strict liability make out the prima facie case of [copyright] infringement. 151 That prima facie case can be overcome, however, by a defendant who can show fair use. Thus, a defendant is held liable if he or she is at fault, that is, not a fair user. 152 Indirect Liability Under the Copyright Act Unlike the Patent Act, 153 the Copyright Act defines only direct infringement statutorily154; indirect, or secondary, infringement is addressed solely through case law. 155 The case law has evolved such that indirect liability for copyright infringement now takes one of two forms: (1) vicarious liability, which imposes liability upon a party who has the right and ability to supervise the infringing activity and also has a direct financial interest in such activities, 156 and (2) contributory infringement, which imposes liability upon a party who has knowledge of the infringing activity [and] induces, causes or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another 157 (and which in generally viewed as a subset of vicarious liability.158 Thus, indirect copyright infringement, which speaks of vicarious liability and contributory infringement, is similar to, but does not quite parallel, indirect patent infringement, which statutorily defines inducement of infringement and contributory infringement. Unfortunately, in practice, the categories of direct and indirect copyright infringement do not line up as neatly as the preceding discussion might suggest. The Sony Court noted in 1984 that the lines between direct infringement, contributory infringement, and vicarious liability are not clearly drawn. 159 In fact, the Sony Court used contributory infringement and vicarious liability interchangeably, reasoning that the second is merely a subcategory of the Steven Hetcher, The Immorality of Strict Liability in Copyright, 17 MARQ. INTELL. PROP. L. REV. 1, 2 (2013). See 35 U.S.C. 271(infringement of patent provisisons). See 15 U.S.C. 501(a) (direct infringement of copyright). See Sony Corp. v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 435 (1984). See generally Ryan Pohlman, Note, Inducement and Grokster: Guarding against the Pitfalls of Copyright Owners New Weapon, 55 DEPAUL L. REV. 1309, 1310-12 (2006). Gershwin Publg Corp. v. Columbia Artists Mgmt., Inc., 443 F.2d 1159, 1162 (2d Cir. 1971). See also Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of Am., Inc., 964 F.2d 965, 970 (9 Cir. 1992). See Sony Corp., 464 U.S. at 435 (quoted at note 167 infra). Id. at 437 n.17 (quoting district court, 480 F. Supp. at 457-58). first.160 A leading copyright treatise notes that the boundaries between contributory and vicarious liability are often fluid. 161 This lack of clear delineation is particularly problematic in the area of officer liability, where the distinctions between the independent roles of officers and shareholders are often ignored by courts. The courts do not view the lack of formal statutory language as an impediment to imposition of indirect liability for copyright infringement. However, the absence of explicit statutory language has caused indirect copyright infringement to evolve through the courts in a messy and chaotic manner, as the courts have drawn upon both general tort and agency doctrine and have analogized to statutory patent infringement liability in devising liability for indirect copyright infringement under the common law. This leads the courts naturally to vicarious liability. In the words of one district court: The theory of vicarious liability developed from the law of agency, specifically employer-employee relationships, in which the master was held strictly liable for the torts of a servant. Various legal concepts were fashioned to explain this liability, including the concepts of control, right to control, and manner and means of performance. 162 As further explained by the U.S. Supreme Court in the leading case of Sony Corp. of Am. v. Universal City Studios, Inc. 163: The absence of . . . express language in the copyright statute does not preclude the imposition of liability for copyright infringement on certain parties who have not themselves engaged in the infringing activity. For vicarious liability is imposed in virtually all areas of the law, and the concept of contributory infringement is merely a species of the broader problem of identifying the circumstances in which it is just to hold one individual accountable for the actions of another. 164 Sony Corp. of Am., 464 U.S. at 435. Contributory copyright infringement, like contributory patent infringement, see note 42 supra, has little relevance in the officer liability field, and so is not discussed further in this paper. NIMMER ON COPYRIGHT, supra note 155, 12.04[A]. Polygram Intl Publg, Inc. v. Nevada/TIG, Inc., 855 F. Supp. 1314, 1325 (D. Mass. 1994) (citing RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF AGENCY 220(2) (1958)). 464 U.S. 417, 435 (1984). However, the courts do not just turn to traditional common law doctrine in fleshing out copyright indirect infringement liability; they also turn to statutory patent law. As a result, the relationship between indirect infringement under the Patent Act and in copyright law is oddly incestuous. For example, the Sony Court noted the lack of precedent in the law of copyright for the imposition of vicarious liability on the particular theory asserted by the plaintiff, and then drew upon [t]he closest analogypatent lawnoting that it was appropriate to refer [to patent liability rules] because of the historic kinship between patent law and copyright law. 165 Ultimately, the Sony Court turned to contributory patent infringement law in articulating a standard for copyright contributory infringement.166 Two decades later, in MGM Studios v. Grokster, 167 the Supreme Court acknowledged the Sony Courts borrowing of contributory infringement from the Patent Act for copyright law, and used it as grounds for turning to the inducement language from Section 271(b) of the Patent Act in analyzing the meaning of intent for inducement of infringement in the copyright area. 168 The Grokster copyright intent language was then relied upon by the Federal Circuit in analyzing intent for inducement of infringement under the Patent Act, 169 completing a circle from the Patent Act to copyright common law to judicial interpretation of the Patent Act. Thus, indirect copyright infringement law is an unusual amalgamation of common law tort doctrine and statutory patent law concepts, developed and created through the courts on a case-by-case basis. As characterized by Grossman, the end result is an equitable, common law mush produced by courts trying to do justice in individual cases, often relying upon no more than analogies to other areas of the law. 170 In particular, the primordial cases for . . . vicarious liability evidence no grand principle in the making, nor even a distinct doctrine.171 Id. at 439. The plaintiff argued that the defendant should be held liable because it has sold equipment with constructive knowledge of the fact that its customers may use that equipment to make unauthorized copies of copyrighted materials. Id. Grokster, 125 S. Ct. at 2780 (For the same reasons that Sony took the staple-article doctrine of patent law as a model for its copyright safe-harbor rule, the inducement rule, too, is a sensible one for copyright. We adopt it here . . . .). See MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. v. Mitsubishi Materials Silicon Corp., 420 F.3d 1369, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (citing Grokster, 125 S. Ct. at 2768); Golden Blount, Inc. v. Robert H. Peterson Co., 438 F.3d 1354, 1365 n.4 (Fed. Circ. 2006) (citing MEMC and Grokster). Craig A. Grossman, The Evolutionary Drift of Vicarious Liability and Contributory Infringement: From Interstitial Gap Filler to Arbiter of the Content Wars, 58 SMU L. REV. 357, 363 (2005). Grossman summarized the early development of vicarious liability for copyright infringement, concluding that: The early cases show courts trying to distinguish based almost exclusively on policy between business arrangements to which no copyright liability should attach and those to which it should. Absentee landlords provide the paradigm of innocence, while proprietors of entertainment and hospitality establishments are found liable for the infringing performance of their employees and independent contractor orchestras.172 The modern articulation of vicarious liability as an explicit theory for indirect copyright infringement liability stems from the leading case of Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. v. H.L. Green Co., 173 decided by the Second Circuit in 1963.174 Faced with an allegation that a store that allowed a concessionaire to sell infringing copies of musical recordings on its premises should itself be held liable for infringement, the court noted that it was faced with a legal problem vexing in its difficulty, a dearth o[f] squarely applicable precedents, a business setting so common that the dearth of precedents seems inexplicable, and an almost complete absence of guidance from the terms of the Copyright Act 175 (a characterization that seems apt for the officer liability area as well). In examining how far liability for copyright infringement should extend, the H.L. Green Co. court noted that its inquiry was one of having to trace, case by case, a pattern of business relationships which would render one person liable for the infringing conduct of another. 176 Thus, traditional respondeat superior doctrine would apply to hold a master liable for copyright infringement by a servant within the normal scope of his or her employment.177 However, the court saw no reason to cling to formal employer-employee relationship distinctions as opposed to considering broader relationships arising out of independent contract, license, and lease.178 Ultimately, the court concluded: 316 F.2d 304 (1963). See Fonavisa, Inc. v. Cherry Auction, Inc., 76 F.3d 259, 261-62 (9 Cir. 1996) (the concept of vicarious copyright liability was developed in the Second Circuit as an outgrowth of the agency principles of respondeat superior). 316 F.2d at 305. Id. (citing M. Witmark & Sons v. Calloway, 22 F.2d 412, 414 (E.D. Tenn. 1927). Id. (citation omitted). When the right and ability to supervise coalesce with an obvious and direct financial interest in the exploitation of copyrighted materialseven in the absence of actual knowledge that the copyright monopoly is being impaired the purposes of copyright law may be best effectuated by the imposition of liability upon the beneficiary of that exploitation.179 The H.L. Green Co. court was looking at vicarious liability in the context of trying to determine when to hold one defendant liable for the acts of another actor with which it had a business relationship. It was not contemplating the question of when liability should attach to an individual whose connection to the copyright infringement is based in his or her role as an The courts have since condensed the H.L. Green Co. courts statement into a concise, two-prong test for vicarious copyright liability, finding that vicarious liability attaches when the defendant has: (1) the right and ability to supervise the infringing conduct, and (2) an obvious and direct financial interest in the infringing activity. 180 Although a straightforward test is appealing to courts because of its simplicity, the distillation of the infringement into the relationship between the potential defendants as a simplistic test makes it too easy to impose liability upon an individual officer, as the next Section illustrates. Officer Liability for Copyright Infringement Individual officer liability for copyright infringement can arise in one of two ways. The first is actual participation in direct infringement, which arises from the statutory language of the Copyright Act. 181 The second, vicarious liability, arises from the case law, drawing upon officer liability in patent law; like patent law, it shows a disturbing deviation from traditional legal doctrine, although the deviation takes a different path. Direct Copyright Infringement Id. (citations omitted). See Roy Export Co. Establishment v. Trs. of Columbia Univ., 344 F. Supp. 1350, 1352 (S.D.N.Y. 1972) (both prongs of test must be satisfied for vicarious liability to arise). Courts generally agree that vicarious liability may be applied in the copyright arena even in the absence of an employee-employer relationship. See Gershwin Publg Corp. v. Columbia Artists Mgmt., Inc., 443 F.2d 1159, 1162 (2d Cir. 1971). See supra Part III.A. 1 (direct copyright infringement). In theoretical terms, an officer can be held directly liable for copyright infringement based upon his own culpable actionsa principle that arises out of traditional tort liability notions. 182 As noted by one early court: Since infringement constitutes a tort, common law notions of tort liability are relevant in fixing the scope of the statutory copyright remedy, and the basic common law doctrine that one who knowingly participates in or furthers a tortious act is jointly and severally liable with the prime tort-feasor is applicable in suits arising under the Copyright Act. 183 In practice, only a few courts have used personal participation by a corporate officer to support imposition of direct copyright infringement liability upon the individual, and they seldom probe deeply into the analysis. In 2013, in Disney Enterprises, Inc. v. Hotfile Corp., 184 for example, the district court noted that individuals can be held directly liable for their own actions under traditional doctrine: "a corporate officer who directs, controls, ratifies, participates in, or is the moving force behind the infringing activity, is personally liable for such infringement."185 However, this language was little more than expository, as the court went on to house the individual liability of the officer at issue in vicarious liability, without further discussion of direct infringement liability. 186 Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V. Co. v. IPTV Corp., 187 decided in 2010, is a rare example of an officer being held personally liable for direct copyright infringement. The district court applied traditional tort doctrine in assessing officer liability, noting: Under Ninth Circuit precedent, a corporate officer or director is, in general, personally liable for all torts which he authorizes or directs or in which he participates, notwithstanding that he acted as an agent of the corporation and not on his own behalf."188 This basic principle, the court noted, applies across a number of fields, including trademark law, unfair competition, unfair business See supra Part I.A.2. Screen Gems-Columbia Music, Inc. v. Mark-Fi Records, Inc., 256 F. Supp. 399, 403 (S.D.N.Y. 1966). 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 172339 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 20, 2013). Id. at 134 (quoting Babbit Elecs. Inc., v. Dynascan Corp., 38 F.3d 1161, 1184 (11 Cir. 1994); Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Assoc. Tel. Directory Publishers, 756 F.2d 801, 811 (11 Cir. 1985)). See id. 742 F. Supp. 2d 1101 (C.D. Cal. 2010). practices, and, notably, copyright infringement. 189 The court further explained that cases imposing individual liability upon corporate officers typically have involved instances where the defendant was the guiding spirit behind the wrongful conduct, . . . or the central figure in the challenged corporate activity. 190 After determining that the corporation was liable for copyright infringement, the Bangkok Broadcasting court evaluated the individual liability of Ron Petcha, the CEO. In establishing that Petcha had control over or was the guiding spirit behind the infringing activity the court pointed out that he: (1) had been the CEO since the corporations founding; (2) personally hired all employees, selected programming, and arranged distribution agreements; and (3) personally negotiated the license renewal agreement at issue in the case. 191 Thus, Petcha was held jointly liable with the corporation for the copyright The outcome in Bangkok Broadcasting is disturbing, for the acts of the officer that led to imposition of personal liability are the type of acts commonly undertaken by managers. Read on its face, the case seems to stand for a broad imposition of officer liability, and would seem to be a troubling extension of personal liability to all officers engaged in normal officer activities hiring, negotiating, and managing the firm. However, the courts opinion also notes that the defendants had failed to counter the plaintiffs assertion of individual liability, 193 so perhaps a direct opposition would have changed the outcome. The courts reluctance to hold a corporate officer liable for personal participation in the copyright infringement undoubtedly stems from the strict liability standard of direct copyright infringement. The implications of strict liability for corporate officers in the copyright area are much the same as in the patent area: the corporate officer, theoretically at least, can be held individually liable and without fault or intent for personal participation in the infringing behavior. This result is harsh, 194 and so courts in the copyright area, as in the patent area,195 The court did not engage in any discussion of the ownership interest, if any, that he might have held, or of any financial benefit that Petcha might have derived from the infringementtopics that courts imposing vicarious liability often turn to. See infra Part III.A.2. 742 F. Supp. 2d at 1115. As Part IV , infra, explains, while the goals of strict liability such as risk-spreading or economic efficiency make sense in the context of the firm, they are not effective as applied to the individual. have turned to other mechanisms for assessing officer liability. While in patent law those alternative mechanisms are incorrect applications of piercing theory, in copyright law the mechanisms take the form of locating officer liability in vicarious liability and in then articulating an expansive multi-factor test for evaluating such liability that is at odds with traditional agency, tort, and corporate doctrines. Under the traditional, two-pronged test for vicarious liability, imposition of vicarious liability upon the individual officer arises from the belief that the individual is able to police the conduct of the corporate infringer; 196 that control, when coupled with a financial interest (usually in the form of an ownership stake), leads to individual liability.197 In Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC, 198 for example, the facts indicated that Mark Gorton was: (1) the sole Director of Lime Works, which was liable for copyright infringement, and (2) the CEO, 100% shareholder, and sole director of Lime Group. Lime Group was the controlling shareholder of Lime Works, owning 87% of the company. The court identified a number of factors that led to its finding that Gorton had the ability to supervise the infringing activity including: (1) Gortons own testimony that he ran Lime Works; (2) testimony of the former COO that Gorton was ultimate decision-maker; (3) testimony by the former COO that Gortons approval was required for any major strategic or design decisions; (4) testimony by a Lime Works employee that Gorton could veto development decisions; and (5) Gortons heavy involvement in creating the program that was the core of the infringing activities and his knowledge of the infringing activities.199 The court established that Gorton had a financial interest in the activity because as majority owner of Lime Works, Lime Group and Gorton by virtue of his 100% ownership of Lime Group, directly benefited from the infringing activity. Vicarious Copyright Infringement Liability In the context of copyright infringement doctrine, personal participation has become wrapped into the vicarious liability standard, shifting personal participation from direct See supra Part II.B and accompanying text. See Boz Scaggs Music v. KND Corp., 491 F. Supp. 908, 913 (D. Conn. 1980). Some courts state this more directly, using the traditional vicarious liability test generally employed in copyright law. See, e.g., Hamstein Music Co. v. Club Sahara, 1993 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 20644 (D.N.H. Oct. 26, 1993) (a corporate officer may be vicariously liable if he or she has the right to or ability to supervise the infringing activity and also has a direct financial interest in such activity) (citing Sailor Music v. Mai Kai of Concord, Inc., 640 F. Supp. 629, 633 (D.N.H. 1986)). 715 F. Supp. 2d 481 (S.D.N.Y. 2010). Id. at 521-22. infringement liability to a form of indirect liability. 200 Adding to the confusion, a number of courts have classified personal participation as a form of contributory infringement as well, 201 reflecting the blurred lines of copyright infringement liability. 202 In 1976, the U.S. district court for Massachusetts, in Famous Music Corp. v. Bay State Harness Horse Racing & Breeding Association, Inc., 203 devised a multi-factor test for vicarious liability for individual officers for copyright infringement that is considerably more specific than the general two-prong test derived from H.L. Green Co. 204 This test has a laundry list of factors that may be considered in evaluating officer individual liability: (1) the officer personally participated in the actual infringement; or (2) the officer derived financial benefit from the infringing activities as either a major shareholder in the corporation, or through some other means such as receiving a percentage of the revenues from the activity giving rise to the infringement; or (3) the officer used the corporation as an instrument to carry out a deliberate infringement of copyright; or (4) the officer was the dominant influence in the corporation, and determined the policies which resulted in the infringement; or (5) on the basis of some combination of the above criteria. 205 The Famous Music test is based largely on the belief that a corporate officer is able to police the actions of the direct infringer (the corporation). Interestingly, the Famous Music plaintiff was asserting that an officer should be held liable as a joint tortfeasor with the corporation for copyright infringement. Arguably, then, the See infra Part III.A.2. (The current vicarious liability standard, in fact, specifically refers to the officers personal participat[ion] in the actual infringement. See infra note 208 and accompanying text. Microsoft Corp. v. Ram Distribution, 625 F. Supp. 2d 674, 682 (E.D. Wis. 2008) (citations omitted) (A party may be contributorily liable if he directly participates in the infringing activity or induces, causes, or materially contributes to the infringing conduct of another.). See also Nelson-Salabes, Inc. v. Morningside Dev. LLC, 284 F.3d 505, 513 (4 Cir. 2002); A & M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1022 (9 Cir. 2001); Pinkham v. Sara Lee Corp., 983 F.2d 824 , 834 (8 Cir. 1992); Southern Bell Te. & Tel. Co. v. Assoc. Tel. Directory Publishers, 756 F.2d 801, 811 (11 Cir. 1985); Gershwin Pub. Corp. v. Columbia Artists Mgt., Inc., 443 F.2d 1159, 1163 (2d Cir. See supra Part III.A.2. 423 F. Supp. 341 (D. Mass. 1976). See supra note 182 and accompanying text. Id. at 654-55 (quoting Famous Music Corp v. Bay State Harness Racing & Breeding Assoc., Inc., 423 F. Supp. 341, 344 (D. Mass. 1976) (internal citations omitted), affd, 554 F.2d 1213 (1 Cir. 1977)). See also NIMMER ON COPYRIGHT, supra note 152, 12.04[A][q] (footnotes omitted). Famous Music test applies to direct copyright infringementand certainly, some of the factors listed in the test, such as personal participation, are more logical in that context. Subsequent cases, however, have employed the test as a means for evaluating the vicarious liability of corporate officers, thus shifting the test to the indirect copyright infringement realm (and further illustrating the doctrinal and theoretical confusion of this arena). 206 On close examination, the Famous Music test is nonsensical. The factors are stated in the alternativeorsuch that any one factor theoretically suffices to impose liability upon an individual actor. The implications of this are interesting. The first factorpersonal participationreplicates the test for direct infringement liability, yet, as noted above, 207 courts have adopted this test in the context of indirect infringement. The second factorfinancial benefit as a major shareholdercreates the potential for holding an officer liable merely because he holds dual roles as an officer and an ownera result wholly in conflict with traditional corporate doctrine.208 The third factor looks like a variant of the alter ego test,209 while the fourth factor looks much like a control test. The second and fourth factors, combined together, closely mimic the traditional two-prong test for vicarious liability. In practice, the individuals against whom infringement liability is sought under the Famous Music test tend to hold multiple roles within the corporation. Marvin Music Co. v. BHC Lim Partnership 210 is a good illustration of how an individuals multiple roles within a corporation can intertwine and complicate the liability analysis. BHC Corp. was the general partner of BHC Limited Partnership, which in turn owned, controlled, and operated Club Caf (at which copyrighted music was performed and played without authorization). 211 Frank Ribaudo held multiple roles; he was the president of the corporation, a general partner of the limited partnership, and general manager of Club Caf. 212 See, e.g., Dream Custom Homes, Inc. v. Modern Day Constr., Inc., 773 F. Supp. 2d 1288 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 22, 2011); Emi Mills Music, Inc. v. Empress Hotel, Inc., 470 F. Supp. 2d 67 (D. P.R. 2006); Marvin Music Co. v. BHC Lim Partnership, 830 F. Supp. 651 (D. Mass. 1993). See supra notes Part II.A.2 and accompanying text. 830 F. Supp. 2d 651 (D. Mass. 1993). In analyzing Ribaudos vicarious liability as an individual, the court adopted the Famous Music test, 213 but also emphasized that Ribaudo was, at all relevant times, . . . an officer, shareholder and partner in the organizations controlling the Club Caf 214 (thus emphasizing the individuals multiple roles). The court list a number of activitiescontrolling of day-to-day operations, hiring of musicians, direct engagement in licensing activities with ASCAP, knowledge of the license termination, and dominant influence over club policies215but did not discuss whether those activities would suggest personal participation in the wrongful acts. However, the Marvin Music court noted, the Famous Music test addresses the scenario where an officer derived financial benefit from the infringing activities as either a major shareholder in the corporation, or through some other means . . . . 216 This factor does not rely upon a piercing of the corporate veil, as does traditional corporate law doctrine for imputing liability to shareholders.217 Rather, the inquiry focuses merely on the financial benefit derived by the individual from the infringing activity, regardless of the individuals role. In this instance, the court found, the Famous Music test was satisfied because Ribaudos multiple roles in the clubs management and ownership provided him with a substantial financial stake in the infringing activity, which undoubtedly attracted patrons to the Club Caf. 218 Thus, the Famous Music test collapses Ribaudos separate roles as a shareholder and an officer into a single analysis that significantly broadens individual exposure to copyright infringement and significantly weakens the protections of the corporate form for small and closely-held corporations in particular. By contrast, the district court in Emi Mills Music, Inc. v. Empress Hotel, Inc., 219 found a corporate officer vicariously liable under the Famous Music test without discussion of the source of the individuals financial benefit. The officer at issue, Carl Palermo, was identified as the president and treasurer of a corporation accused of unauthorized public performance of copyrighted music, as such, the court found, had responsibility for the control, management operations and maintenance of the corporations affairs. 220 However, he was not identified by 830 F. Supp. at 655. 470 F. Supp. 2d 67 (D. P.R. 2006). the court as having any ownership interest in the corporation. Nonetheless, the court found him to be jointly and severally liable with the corporation for copyright infringement, 221 citing two factors of the Famous Music test: (1) the individuals substantial financial stake in the infringing activity; and (2) the individuals dominant influence in the corporation and control over policies that led to infringement.222 While under Famous Music, either element alone can suffice to support individual officer liability, it is unclear what financial benefit the EMI Mills Music court was looking to, other than mere employment by the hotel. To the extent that mere employment satisfies the second factor of the Famous Music test, all corporate officers are at risk of being held indirectly liable for copyright infringement. Similarly, Anton Titov, the individual at issue in Disney Enterprises, Inc. v. Hotfile Corp., was primarily a technical engineer, responsible for implementing business ideas and functions, for the allegedly infringing corporation. 223 He actively participated in the corporations management and decisionmaking, 224 although it was undisputed that he lacked authority to make unilateral decisions regarding important aspects of [the corporations] business or operations. 225 Titov held a power of attorney from the corporation to act as manager of the company when authorized to do so by other shareholders, 226 and wrote the source code that ran the corporations website and that was the basis for the allegations of infringement against the corporation. 227 The court acknowledged Titovs role as a shareholder of the firm without discussing the relevance of such status. 228 Rather, the courts analysis focused on Titovs actions that showed his participation, control, and benefit in the corporations activities.229 The court found that Titov had both a dominant influence upon the corporation 230 and derived a financial benefit 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 172339, at 42 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 20, 2013). Id. at 43. Id. at 43-44. Id. at 141 (He owners a stake in the company nearly as large as its other . . . shareholders and runs it in equal part . . . .). Id. at 144. from the infringing activities, although it is unclear whether Titov derived those benefits in his role as a shareholder rather than as an officer. 231 If the financial benefit was accrued by Titov solely in his role as a shareholder, that suggests that any active officer who holds an ownership stake in the corporation is at risk of personal liabilitya substantial and unwarranted expansion of individual liability. Hints of Piercing Analysis in Copyright Cases Noticeably absent from either the traditional two-pronged vicarious liability test or the Famous Music test is any reference to a piercing of the corporate veil. Thus, when the plaintiff in White v. Marshall 232 argued that an individual should be held personally liable for the corporations alleged infringing activities based upon the role he playedas an owner and manager in the corporation, 233 the court rejected the argument. As the court explained: To pierce the corporate veil is to hold the owners of a corporation to be personally liable for the corporations liabilities. This is only done when the corporations affairs are organized, controlled, and conducted so that the corporation has no separate existence of its own and is the mere instrumentality of the shareholders and the corporate form is used to evade an obligation, gain an unjust advantage or to commit an injustice.234 However, piercing notions seem to be creeping into a few copyright officer liability cases. In 2010, in Word Music LLC v. Lynns Corp. of Am., 235 for example, the court recited the Famous Music multi-factor test for officer vicarious liability. 236 The officer, however, argued that he could only be liable under a piercing analysis, citing Orthokinetics. 237 The court acknowledged that Orthokinetics was a patent infringement case, but then went on to apply it, noting that Orthokinetics recognized personal participation in a tort as grounds for liability, as Id. at *143 (the evidence shows that as the company earned money from new subscriptions (some portion of which was attributable to the availability of infringing materials), so did Titov). 693 F. Supp. 2d 873 (E.D. Wis. 2009). Id. at 885. Status as the sole shareholder and manager alone has been held insufficient to render an individual liable for copyright infringement. See Bourne Co. v. Khalil, 611 F. Supp. 269, 271 (E.D. Mich. 1985). 693 F. Supp. 2d at 885 (citations omitted). 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 95559 (M.D. Tenn. Sept. 13, 2010). well as piercing.238 The Word Music court then noted that the Orthokinetics court imposed liability on an individual who was the president and sole shareholder and was directly responsible for the design and production of the infringing products and who stood to benefit from the sales of said products. 239 By comparison, the officer in Word Music was the sole officer, director and shareholder of the defendant corporation, was the ultimate authority for decision-making at the corporation with regard to advertising, distribution and sales, personally participated in the decision to sell infringing products, personally benefitted financially from the sales of infringing products, and was the dominant influence in the corporation and determined the policies that resulted in infringement. This, the court found, was sufficient to support direct infringement liability in the officer. Imposition of individual liability upon corporate officers for copyright infringement is at doctrinal odds with traditional corporate, agency, and tort law doctrine. It is not, perhaps, as spectacularly wrong as the piercing analysis used by the Federal Circuit in the patent infringement arena, but it still cannot be reconciled with traditional doctrine. The inconsistency in analysis is clear even from the terminology used in this area. The courts analyze officer liability as a form of vicarious liability, yet vicarious liability is really a form of agency law that holds the master strictly liable for the torts of the servant. In the context of officer liability for copyright infringement, though, we are not dealing with a liability imputed to the corporation, but the individual liability of the officer based on his or her own conduct. It is really a direct i.e., strictliability that we are addressing. Something must be driving the appellate courtsboth the regional circuits in the instance of copyright law and the Federal Circuit in the instance of patent lawdown the wrong path. As the next Part argues, that something is mostly likely the courts discomfort with the imposition of strict liability and their machinations to avoid imposing such a harsh liability standard upon corporate officers. OFFICER LIABILITY IN A STRICT LIABILITY REGIME We have seen that the courts confuse the bases for liability of officers with those of shareholders and try to force the personal liability of officers into vicarious liability categories when traditional doctrine would find the officers liable only for their direct participation in Id. (quoting Orthokinetics, 806 F.2d at 1579). tortious acts. Courts and commentators often are not precise in applying traditional concepts of corporate, agency, and tort law. Such imprecision may be exacerbated by the narrow scope of the Federal Circuits jurisdiction and its lack of opportunity to apply these concepts over a broad range of cases. Nevertheless, the explanation for the incorrect theories of officer liability that we have seen applied likely lies in the courts profound discomfort with strict liability and its application to corporate officers and directors. Direct infringement under both patent law and copyright law is based on strict liability, although, as mentioned above, 240 that strict liability is less strict in the copyright area because the ameliorating influence of the fair use defense provides an out in copyright law that is lacking in patent law. Holding corporate officers strictly liable for infringement appears fundamentally unfair and inconsistent not only with traditional corporate, agency, and tort law, but the underlying purposes of strict liability regimes. The Strict Liability Standard Strict liability is generally defined as liability that is imposed on an actor apart from either (1) an intent to interfere with a legally protected interest without a legal justification for doing so, or (2) a breach of a duty to exercise reasonable care, i.e., actionable negligence. 241 Modern common law generally applies strict liability for specific types of actions, such as hazardous activities242 or the manufacture and sale of products, that cause harm to others. Fundamentally, the question comes down to which party is better able to allocate the costs, insure against the risks, and reduce or warn against the inherent dangers of the activity at issue? 243 Imposition of strict liability is guided by several policies and objectives, such as the promotion of fairness, economic efficiency, risk-spreading, and deterrence. 244 Although a full See Part III supra. W. PAGE KEETON ET AL., PROSSER & KEETON ON THE LAW OF TORTS 75, at 534 (5 ed. 1984). See RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF TORTS 519 (1) (1977) (One who carries on an abnormally dangerous activity is subject to liability for harm to the person, land or chattels of another resulting from the activity, although he has exercised the utmost care to prevent the harm.). See Lynda J. Oswald, Strict Liability of Individuals Under CERCLA: A Normative Analysis, 20 B.C. ENVTAL AFF. L. REV. 579, 593-98 (1993). See Greenman v. Yuba Power Prod., Inc., 377 P.2d 897 (Cal. 1963); Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors, Inc., 161 A.2d 69 (N.J. 1960); Phillips v. Kimwood Mach. Co., 525 P.2d 1033, 1026 n.6 (Or. 1974). Strict liability has been explored by many commentators in many settings. See, e.g., GUIDO CALABRESI, THE COSTS OF ACCIDENTS (1970); Guido Calabresi & A. Douglas Melamed, Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: exploration of these policies is beyond the scope of this manuscript, the basic principles underlying them can be summed up easily. Fairness, in this setting, rests on the notion that where both parties are blameless, the one who created the risk of harm and enjoyed the benefit of the activity should bear any ensuing loss. 245 As explained by Epstein: [I]f the gains derived from certain activities are indeed as great as the defendant contends, there is all the more reason why he should pay for the harm those activities caused to the person or property of another, for, as against an innocent plaintiff who has nothing to do with the creation of the harm in question, it is only too clear that the defendant who captures the entire benefit of his own activities should, to the extent that the law can make it so, also bear its entire costs.246 The economic efficiency arguments espoused in the strict liability context rest on the notion that maximization of societal welfare and an efficient free market demand that firms and consumers bear the true costs associated with the activities that they undertake; i.e., costs should be internalized. 247 Forcing a firm to bear all of the costs associated with its activities ensures that the price charged consumers will be a true price (e.g., costs will not be shunted off onto non-compensated injured parties), thus eliminating market distortions and inefficiencies.248 Strict liability can also assist in the spreading of risk. A firm forced to bear the costs of injuries occasioned by its activities can spread those risks among all consumers by raising prices enough to cover the liability. Each consumer can bear a small increase in price more easily than One View of the Cathedral, 85 HARV. L. REV. 1089 (1972); David G. Owen, Rethinking the Policies of Strict Products Liability, 33 VAND. L. REV. 681 (1980); Richard A. Posner, Strict Liability: A Comment, 2 J. LEG. STUD. 205 (1973); Steven Shavell, Strict Liability v. Negligence, 9 J. LEG. STUD. 1 (1980). This notion can be derived from the seminal case of This notion can be derived from the seminal case of Rylands v. Fletcher, 3 H. & C. 744, 159 Eng. Rep. 737, revd, L.R. 1 (Ex. 265), affd, L.R. 3 H.L. 330 (1868) (English & Irish Appeals), where the court stated: the neighbor, who has brought something on his own property which was not naturally there, harmless to others so long as it is confined to his own property, but which he knows to be mischievous if it gets on his neighbors, should be obliged to make good the damage which ensues . . . .). RICHARD A. EPSTEIN, MODERN PRODUCTS LIABILITY Law 27 (1980). See Barbara Ann White, Economizing on the Sins of our Past: Cleaning up Our Hazardous Wastes, 25 HOUS. L. REV. 899, 915-17 (1988). an injured party can bear the full costs of an uncompensated harm. 249 To the extent that the risk can be covered by insurance, it is generally easier (and thus more economically efficient) for the firm to obtain that insurance than the individual at risk of harm.250 Finally, strict liability is thought to promote deterrence. The party undertaking the activity that causes harm is in the best position to identify the accompanying risks and to take measures to minimize or eradicate that harm.251 Thus, imposition of strict liability encourages these parties to structure their activities in such a way as to reduce the potential harm associated with their undertakings. 252 At a more pragmatic level, strict liability avoids the burdens of proof associated with a fault-based standard such as negligence. 253 Considering Strict Liability for Officers If we look at the arguments for strict liability, which of these is applicable to the imposition of liability on corporate officers? Fairness dictates that where both parties are blameless, the party that created the harm and benefited from the activity should bear the risk. The benefit of the activity most directly accrues to the firm, not the corporate officer. Except for indirect benefits such as keeping his or her job or perhaps receiving compensation tied to the profits of the firm, the corporate officer does not receive the benefits of the activity that created the harm. Economic efficiency requires that the risk of harm be priced into a product so that the all costs are internalized. This is accomplished by imposing liability on the corporation and the See Greenman v. Yuba Power Prods., Inc., 377 P.2d 897, 901 (Cal. 1963) (The purpose of such liability is to insure that the costs of injuries resulting from defective products are borne by the manufacturers that put such products on the market rather than by the injured persons who are powerless to protect themselves.) See Guido Calabresi, Some Thoughts on Risk Distribution and the Law of Torts, 70 YALE L. J. 499, 500-02, 543-44 See Guido Calabresi & Jon T. Hirschoff, Toward a Test for Strict Liability in Torts, 81 YALE L. J. 1055,1067-74 See CALABRESI, supra note 250, at 541-43; RICHARD A. POSNER, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW 6.5 (8 ed. 2011) ([I]f a class of activities can be identified in which activity-level changes by potential injurers appear to be the most efficient method of accident prevention, there is a strong argument for imposing strict liability on the people engaged in those activities.). See Beshada v. Johns-Manville Prod. Corp., 447 A.2d 539, 548 (N.J. 1982) (strict liability eliminates complicated, costly, confusing, and time-consuming task of proving that the defendant knew or should have known of the risk of harm); POSNER, supra note 252, 6.5 (The trial of a strict liability case is simpler than the trial of a negligence case because there is one less issue, negligence . . . .). imposition of additional or secondary liability on the corporate officer does not add to economic efficiency. Imposing liability on an individual corporate officer does not contribute to a sharing of risk. Risk sharing requires spreading the potential cost of harm among a wide class of beneficiaries (in this case, consumers and owners), and is accomplished through pricing. Finally, liability imposed on corporate officers could promote deterrence, but only if the officer has knowledge of the infringement and the ability to prevent it. Imposing strict liability on officers without knowledge or control can have no deterrent effect. Considering Strict Liability of Officers for Patent or Copyright Infringement While the courts are willing to enforce the statutory strict liability schemes for corporations, they are more hesitant to impose such a harsh liability regime upon individual actors, such as officers. So, the courts have tried to devise alternatives that minimize the finding of direct infringement in both areas. In the patent law field, the courts have turned to concepts relating to piercing of the corporate veil to assess officer liability. The problem with this, of course, is that it not only rewrites traditional corporate doctrine, but it essentially eliminates the protection of the corporate form for small and closely-held firms, where individuals are likely to wear dual hats as owners and officers. In the copyright arena, the regional circuits have tended to avoid the application of direct infringement liability based on personal participation, and have instead turned to the indirect liability of vicarious infringement. However, the multi-factor test that they have articulated is a strange conglomeration of factors that suggests a desire to look to an officers intent to infringe, yet is inartfully worded (to say the least). The correct result would be to avoid direct infringement liability in almost all cases for officer liability in both patent and copyright cases, on the ground that it is virtually impossible for an officer, in his or her role as an officer, to personally undertake the acts that result in patent or copyright infringement. The corporation is indeed the direct infringer in the vast majority of cases. That is not to say, however, the officer should avoid liability in every instance. Rather, the officers liability should be indirect, and should be supported by the appropriate test for such indirect infringement. In the patent arena, that is inducement of infringement, which has an explicit intent or scienter requirement. Similarly, officer liability for copyright infringement should be grounded in intent. The current, multi-factor, Famous Music test does a very poor job of teasing out the officers intent, as it is not only framed in the alternative (as though only a single factor would suffice to establish liability), but it also seems to mix in notions of corporate ownership when it considers factors such as financial benefits as a major shareholder. Control seems to offer the best proxy for evaluating the personal liability of an officer, and there are suggestions of the courts using this criterion in both the patent and copyright areas. To the extent that a corporate officer knew of the corporations infringement or was willfully blind to it,254 and the officer was in a position to direct and decide whether the corporation did in fact infringe, it would seem to fair to hold that officer personally liable. Indeed, the Federal Circuit seems to be implicitly seeking fairness by using piercing analysis, which is an equitable doctrine, to assess personal liability. It would not take a great leap in doctrine to reach this result under the existing inducement of infringement language in Section 271(b) of the Patent Act. However, it would require a rewriting of the existing Famous Music vicarious liability test in the copyright field. Rewriting that test is warranted and easily accomplished. First, the Famous Music test is already specific to the corporate officer inquiry and is distinct from the general vicarious liability standard set forth in H.L. Green Co. The regional circuits have already established that officer liability requires a more specialized test than the general vicarious liability standard. In addition, there is already an established pattern of borrowing between patent and copyright doctrine; it seems eminently reasonable for copyright law to borrow from patent law in the officer liability area as well, particularly since there is no good reason to have different standards for evaluating officer liability in the patent and copyright fields. In short, the courts can reach the fair result they seem to be seeking in the officer liability field without completely jettisoning The distinction between liability as a shareholder and liability as an officer seems clear on its face. However, in both the patent and copyright arenas, principles of officer liability deviate from traditional principles of corporate, tort, and agency doctrine in manners that are Global Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB, S.A., 131 S. Ct. 2060, 2068-69 (2011). inappropriate and that ignore the differences in the role of corporate officers and shareholders. While the differing statutory frameworks of patent and copyright law have caused officer liability in each area to devolve along different paths, in both areas, courts appear to have been motivated by a desire to limit inappropriate extension of strict liability to individual officers but in both areas, they have gone about that effort in a manner that ignores traditional doctrine, and fails to provide corporate officers with appropriate protection from individual liability. Piercing The Corporate Veil Law Of Agency Legal Liability Documents Similar To Holding Corporate Officers Strictly Liable Under Patent and Corporate Law Catherine Merilleno kami0005 TomMartinez meg rosales Jasfher Callejo Im In Trouble Jeters Villaruel Michael Granville Mon Ezzaty Rosnan An Jo Daniel Goh David Peixoto lpakgpwj Carlo Alexis D. 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(1992) TheSun 2008-10-31 Page0:1 It's Over for Pig Farmers Impulsive collector More From packetfire packetfire US_v_Yang 2d.Cir._17-2798_28 07-cv-9931-1 Gertz v Robert Welch Inc Surface Evolver Manual250 (Brakke) Consumer Reports - August 2018 J Exp Biol 1997 Wakeling 557 82 6077837 Copyright Infringement Lawsuit COMPLAINT DISTURBIA Movie Against Steven Spielberg Universal Beekeeping for All VeasBam Schmidt v WB Copyright Complaint native_pollinators_on_green_roofs Popular in Patent Proprietect L.P. 45 Smith Kline v CA NN DDL Filed Reply to Counterclaims Chris Velazco Trade Secret Conflict of Interest Jm Cruz Lexington Luminance v. Feit Electric Company Data Speed Technology v. Open Text APV SPX Homogenizer General Brochure Amr Rassem Biogen Idec MA v. Kyowa Hakko Kirin et. al. Eurocentrism, Modern Knowledges and the Natural Order of Global Capital Ricardo2p SME-IP 1st Report Support Services in the Field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) for SMEs in Switzerland dmaproiect 74LS76A Likasmita Dalei Notice: Meetings: Naval Academy, Board of Visitors Enesco v. Sound N Light - Complaint Chinese and English Contract Cheung David Ching vs Salinas cncrned_ctzen USB Driver Installation Pasham Shiva 18-09-04 Order on Motion to Strike Qualcomm Allegations Florian Mueller Penn State Research Foundation v. Samsung Electronics Et. Al. GSK Strategic Report 2015 nolov Sonam Chandni A Roadmap for High Throughput Technologies Nick Lavery Semiconductor Ideas To The Market v. Texas Instruments et. al. CyberFone Systems v. RCN Telecom Services Legal Ethics Case Digests (ABC) Dessa Elesterio Ac Copyrights jilon582 Project report on Biodiversity & international trade Austin Oliver Ambit Healthcare Thematic 16Sept14 Jagadeeswaran Deventhiran Kitsch LLC v. DEEJAYZOO - Complaint Norma EDN Mauricio Izquierdo (TESLA) - Space Aliens From the Pentagon (William R Lyne, 1995) Extract Anonymous tinvt9	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2654
__label__wiki	0.90192	0.90192	HomeTechRadar - All the latest technology newsBayern Munich vs Liverpool live stream: how to watch today's Champions League football online from anywhere Bayern Munich vs Liverpool live stream: how to watch today's Champions League football online from anywhere Priyal Rajput March 13, 2019 This season's Champions League future for Bayern Munich and Liverpool all rests on tonight's game. The two could not be split in the first leg of the last-16 Champions League tie - nor could either team score. They go in to tonight's match tied at 0-0, and with this guide you can live stream Bayern Munich vs Liverpool no matter where you are in the world. They're two of the biggest clubs in world football and both will be sensing a big chance to go all the way in the Champions League this season. There are some tempting teams in the quarter-final draw (Porto anyone?), and so getting through tonight's tie could spell the start of a very interesting opportunity. Liverpool's famous free-scoring front three of Salah, Firmino and Mané couldn't break down the Bayern defence when the sides met three weeks ago. Not for the lack of chances - they had 15 shots on goal in total, while goalkeeper Alisson didn't have to deal with a single attempt on target. But that's not to suggest that Bayern don't have some awesome threats of their own, and the previously missing David Alaba and Kingsley Coman will rejoin Lewandowski to try and come up with the crucial goals. It's poised to be a fascinating second leg of the Champions League last 16 knockouts, so make sure you follow the instructions below for how to live stream Bayern Munich vs Liverpool from wherever you are in the world. See how to live stream every single Champions League game this season Use a VPN to watch Champions League football outside your country If you're away from your country but are desperate to get around geo-blocking from your home broadcaster, don't sweat. Thanks to the tools provided to you by a VPN service, you can tune in no matter where you are in the world. And best of all, it's really easy to do. Stream the Liverpool game live in the UK How to watch Bayern Munich vs Liverpool: live stream in US How to live stream Champions League football in Canada How to live stream Liverpool vs Bayern Munich in the Champions League: Australia How to watch Champions League football in New Zealand How to live stream the UEFA Champions League football in India from TechRadar - All the latest technology news https://ift.tt/2HixFTS	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2656
__label__cc	0.682516	0.317484	Spring Game Updates! Aggie84025 Post by Aggie84025 » April 13th, 2019, 4:59 pm Anyone that was there want to give any updates on how the day was for those of us that were not able to make it? Re: Spring Game Updates! Post by USU78 » April 13th, 2019, 5:05 pm Post by tinplater » April 13th, 2019, 5:05 pm Nice write up in the Tribune...300 former Aggies there including Phil Olsen, Turbin, Wagner. usufan1 IdaAg93 Location: SE Idaho...a perfect distance from the hive. Post by IdaAg93 » April 13th, 2019, 5:58 pm I was there. Jordon Love, incredible. I was most impressed by our receivers. They were my biggest worry. I feel much more comfortable about that position group. Jordan with his accuracy, made them look good. Don't have time to write much, but that was surprising take away from the game. These users liked this post from IdaAg93. Total Likes: 5 oleblu111 • Winkie • Aggie_in_Idaho • usufan1 • sneed GeoAg Post by GeoAg » April 13th, 2019, 6:55 pm Scarver and Nathan looking great "I don't think you become resilient right in the middle of the season when adversity hits. You learn how to face adversity in the offseason in football. That's when we win games around Utah State." -Coach Matt Wells #ArmsAround ineptimusprime Joined: November 3rd, 2010, 12:07 pm Post by ineptimusprime » April 13th, 2019, 7:35 pm IdaAg93 wrote: ↑ April 13th, 2019, 5:58 pm Good to hear. Would be interested in the full analysis when you get more time. taniataylor Location: Monrovia, Ca Post by taniataylor » April 13th, 2019, 8:57 pm GeoAg wrote: ↑ Give J a minute, he’s getting used to his new spot Jordan Nathan's #1 Fan Copyright pending due to YBAs shenanigans taniataylor wrote: ↑ Sweet! I thought he looked pretty good already. I think Thompkins will be pretty good filling in in Jordan's old slot. Post by taniataylor » April 13th, 2019, 11:16 pm Taylor Compton is taking the #1 slot spot as far as I know Post by Madmartigan » April 15th, 2019, 3:23 pm Beggars can't be choosers and such, but I'd love a more detailed write-up on the scrimmage. Anyone care to oblige? BeHURD Joined: March 5th, 2019, 12:12 pm Post by BeHURD » April 15th, 2019, 3:55 pm The team looked great except the offensive line. They gave up 5 or 6 sacks and couldn't block for our running backs. Overall, Pocket protection was alright, but it is definitely our weak spot this year. Scarver had an awesome catch fading in the end zone, jumped over a defender to make the catch and just barely got his foot down inbounds. The defense had three picks, all against our third-string Quarterback. The defensive line should be scary good, they were getting in the backfield almost every play. The Receivers all caught the ball well. The tight ends had some bad dropped passes -- one on a third and long, Jordan Love threw a perfect pass that was dropped. The line backers were good, it will be interesting to see if Lavalle is moved back to LB in the fall. My roommate -- who is on the team -- says he is doing great on the D-line and said he will probably stay at that position. The punters looked good, I think the backup #46 will start over the current starter. #46 kicked a 53 yard punt. Eberle barely missed a 56-yard field goal. It needed 3 more yards and it would have gone in. I think we will use Riley Burt a lot at RB. I went to high school with him and he is a beast. He is going to be one of the fastest players on the field, which will help because I don't think we will be able to run down the middle as much because of our weaker Oline. At RB Bright had one good run and Nelson would have had one good run except he fumbled the ball at the end Overall, I think we will be about as good as last year. I think our defense will be just as good as last year. If our offensive line can step up and protect our QB I think we have the receivers to have an offense almost as good as last year. We are going to miss Ficklin, Tarver, and Darwin Thompson. These users liked this post from BeHURD. Total Likes: 4 Madmartigan • Aggie_in_Idaho • USU78 • sneed BeHURD wrote: ↑ Thanks for the write-up. I think Love takes a big step forward this year and bounces for the draft at the end of the year. Was Burt wearing # 27? Post by oleblu111 » April 15th, 2019, 4:24 pm I Thought that 27 was that running back from Hawaii, but I could be wrong. These users liked this post from oleblu111: Burt won't be here until Summer. He is finishing up his degree at BYU and coming as a graduate transfer. oleblu111 wrote: ↑ Is he on campus? Yes that was the freshman from Hawaii he is #27 Post by aggies22 » April 15th, 2019, 5:16 pm #27 is Enoch Nawahine, the freshman from Hawaii. He had one nice 35 or so yard run and also caught a nice long ball where he sprawled out in front of the CB to make the grab. I thought the line was better than you think and maoved the ball decently in the run game with Nawahine and Bright in. In the passing game, I felt there was plenty of time to pass overall. I was pleasantly surprised with the receivers, particularly Scarver and Nathan. Riley Burt will have to work hard to get carries ahead of Bright and Warren IMO. At punter, Saturday left me in no doubt that Dalton will be the punter again. He was far and away the best. He only punted once later in the scrimmage. I have no idea to #46 is. I agree that TE looked bad. Warren did good at Snow College. I am pretty good friends with Burt and lets just say that his performance on the field wasn't the reason he didn't start at BYU. I think he will split time pretty evenly with Bright. 46 is Hansen, He is a newcomer from Ohio. He has a much better leg than Dalton. Dalton is better, however, at pinning opponents close to their end zones. I guess we will see. Aglicious Location: Vega$ Post by Aglicious » April 15th, 2019, 6:02 pm I thought the line was better than you think and moved the ball decently in the run game with Nawahine and Bright in. In the passing game, I felt there was plenty of time to pass overall. I was pleasantly surprised with the receivers, particularly Scarver and Nathan. Riley Burt will have to work hard to get carries ahead of Bright and Warren IMO. Agreed on all counts. GA also commented post game how good he thought the OL looked and how competitive it was going to be for the 5 starting spots. As good as those two WR's may look right now, I have to think we will look a little different once Mariner, Carter, and Lampkin arrive and the staff figures out Thompkins is a weapon in the slot. Also believe that Burt will add good depth to the RB spot and may prove to be a good ST player but I can't see him taking many carries from Bright and Warren. I could see Burt carving out a niche as a short yardage guy too. elcheque2 Joined: September 21st, 2013, 12:52 pm Post by elcheque2 » April 16th, 2019, 9:45 am Warren > Burt with that being said, I think Warren should red shirt so that he can put on put on some muscle. Burt would be more than adequate to split carries with Bright next season. Sent from my LG-LS993 using Tapatalk Post by GeoAg » April 16th, 2019, 10:02 am Warren is 5'8" 225#. I don't think he needs to get bigger. These users liked this post from GeoAg: Post by elcheque2 » April 16th, 2019, 10:23 am Wow. I didn't realize he weighed that much. Maybe he needs to lose some. AggiesForever 2015 Kickoff Pick'em Champion Joined: January 1st, 1997, 12:00 am Post by AggiesForever » April 16th, 2019, 10:46 am This spring game was the most vanilla spring game I have ever watched. From a fan perspective, it wasn't very fun. I told NavyBlueAggie that spring games are for the players, not the fans. Its for the players evaluation and fun, not for us. As such, fans need to approach watching the game in a different way than to be entertained. You need to go to get questions answered. From a team perspective, they learned some things: 1. Can Savon Scarver run anything besides a fly route? He actually did, catching 4 passes for 61 yards, none of which was a fly or jet route. One was a throw to the end zone where he had to high point the ball over a defender. He caught a pass across the middle, and a couple of other "non standard" throws. Scarver playing more like a reciever and less like a "kick returner playing receiver" is very important this year. This is a big opportunity for him to prove he can do that. If he can't become a true receving threat for us, we're in trouble. 2. Who is going to be this years "Ron'Quavion Tarver" and catch all the shots to the endzone? Devin Heckstall is a big 6-5 receiver brought in last year who really didn't do a lot. Part of that was because Tarver was playing ahead of him, and they had an abundance of the skilled, veteran receivers.. But part also was that, like many juco transfers, he just wasn't ready. Saturday, he looked like he wants to play. He made a high-pointe catch for a TD, as well as a few other catches, so that was good to see. Jordan Love expressed confidence in him to pick up where Tarver left off. There's another outside receiver named Sam Lockett (6-0, 195), who was last years "scout team player of the year," i.e. redshirt playing on the scout team. He played well on Saturday and a lot of positive things were said about him. Not playing was Siaosi Mariner, the 6-2 193 starting WR from Utah, who will come to USU as a grad transfer. He wants a fresh start after a key tipped pass in the PAC12 title game bounced off his leg and was intercepted by a Washington DB and returned for the winning TD. He is still in school at Utah, but will be here all summer working out with Jordan Love. Big things are expected. 3. How about our other receivers? What did we see? Jordan Nathan, Taylor Compton, and Devin Thompkins are all players who played last year and are returning with a lot expected of them. More of them are the typically smaller receivers who tend to play in up-tempo offenses, and are fast but there's not a lot of size. But they can all catch the ball, and that is the most important thing. I got a good look at Tim Patrick, the highly ballyhooed kid from the San Diego area, who was recruited by everybody as an "athlete." At 6-0 190, USU is trying to turn him into a receiver. He's pretty fast and athletic, and they have high hopes for him. We have an abundance of talent at Tight End and they all played good on Saturday, particularly Carson Terrell, 6-3 260 JC transfer Mosese Manu, and 6-6 245 RS Freshman Bryce Mortensen of local HS Sky View. They all caught the ball and blocked well Saturday. Joining them this fall will be graduate transfer Caleb Repp, a 6-5 230 DE from Utah, who has followed Andersen to Logan and will be returned to the TE position at USU. He was first a tight end when he went to Utah, but was converted. Andersen's staff believes his real talent is receiving. 4. Who are the running backs? I have to say losing Darwin Thompson was big. He was primed to have a monsterous season this year. But he's gone, so we have Gerald Bright, and JC all-American Jaylen Warren, who was named the 2018 NJCAA National Offensive Player of the Year (Like Thompson the year before) at Snow. Warren hasn't showed up yet because he has to finish the year at Snow College. So all eyes were on his possible replacements. One who stepped up was Enoch Nawahine, a redshirt freshman from Kahuku High School via Boise State, where he walked on last year. He was going to go on a mission and then decided not to, but didn't see a future at BSU so he walked on here. Once he got back into shape (kind of quit working out with a mission coming, then didn't go), he was really good. Runs really hard and is very quick. If he'll stay and workout all summer and add 15-20 pounds, he can really help us. Between Bright, Warren and Nawahine, I think we're in pretty good shape. Logan HS product 5-10 200 Chase Nelson has been moved from defensive back to RB, and was running 2nd team through most of the spring. Has decent speed and is intelligent-- won't make stupid mistakes. But he fumbled the ball twice on big hits, so his stock may have tumbled. On another note, 6-1 215 Morian Walker, Jr. started out spring camp fast, and I think we can sure use his size and speed. But I've heard that OC Sanford isn't big on big downhill backs-- they want guys who are multifaceted and can run AND catch the ball out of the backfield, more like Michael Smith and Kerwynn Williams of the past. Walker apparently was not proving to be adept in the latter role and there is some thinking that he'll transfer now. I hope not. We'll have a need for him at some point this year. 5. Who is our offensive line going to be? We lost 4 starters on the offensive line, but they were playing about 11 guys, so lots of people played a lot of minutes. Right now it looks like the two starting tackles are locked down with Alfred Edwards at LT, and RS Fr Jacob South (Anacortes, WA) winning the right tackle spot. South came in and won the job this year, kind of like Edwards did last year, but will have to play to keep his spot as RS JC Transfers Andy Koch and Kyler Hack are right on his tail and both want to play after sitting out last year. Hack could end up swinging inside to Guard as well. What do they say? Competition breeds performance? Also back after playing a ton last year is Demytrick Ali'ifua at center, so we have good confidence in that spot, but I'm not sure who his back-up is at the moment. The guard positions are being manned by the Shaw's (unrelated-- RS Freshman Karter Shaw at left guard and Junior Tyler Shaw at right guard). Tyler has paid his dues and is ready to play. Karter is backed up by another redshirt, Wyatt Bowles of Syracuse HS, who was very highly talented and regarded coming out of HS, and former starter Mo Uasike, who is really pushing to get back into the lineup. Behind them all are veterans Chandler Dolphin, Henry Avendano, Siotame Uluave, and freshman Aric Davidson, who played well this spring and could help out at either tackle and guard. I think despite the graduations, we won't skip a beat this year. 6. What about the defense? The defensive line was really beat up and so it was hard to tell much from what they had out there playing, which was mostly people playing out of positions. Tipa Galeai has been out most of the spring, but he played Saturday-- mostly just going through the motions it seemed like to get some work in. Devin Anderson played, too. Fua Leilua has been out all spring, so he didn't play at all. Dalton Baker played a little DE. There were a whole bunch of back ups who played a ton on Saturday and looked decent, but its really difficult to know what we'll be like with so many guys out or nursing injuries. So look to the fall on for the defensive line, who if everybody is back and healthy should be solid. Linebacker was another story. They came to play and looked great. Kevin Metzenheimer has stepped up at linebacker and appears to give us another really good player to go along with David Woodward. Plus incoming freshman Christian LaVelle, who changed from Arizona State to us, looks really good. RS Freshman Elijah Shelton was really good on Saturday, as well. Some thought he was the player of the scrimmage. Plus we have several others guys who have played in Maika Magalei, and Daniel Langi. So the linebackers appear to be a solid bunch. The defensive backs also looked really good, intercepting several passes. Braxton Gunther returned one about 70 yards for a TD. Gunther is really fast. Plus, we return J'Marcus Ingram at one corner, Cameron Haney at the other, with JD Williams at the nickleback. Add in sophomores Zahodri Jackson, Andrei Grayson and Isiah Haywood, and our DB's look to be a very strong unit. I thought overall they played really great. We never saw much from the special teams because there was no live action. But let me say we have Aaron Dalton back for his senior year to punt after being injured last year, and Dom Eberle is back to do the place kicking. With Scarver and Nathan to do the return work, we don't need anybody else. Quarterback is Jordan Love, with Henry Colombi and Aaron Peasley. A bunch of freshman will come in this fall but we don't need to worry about them for now. We have our horse and we'll ride him! I felt generally good about the spring game, mostly glad there were no major major injuries. Summer workouts will be the separator for many of these positional battles as the guys who get themselves ready will have the edge this fall. I'm excited. Can't wait for it to get here! These users liked this post from AggiesForever. Total Likes: 6 tootypoopoo • AgSpaceCase • Madmartigan • Aglicious • NavyBlueAggie • Machismo AggieUprising50 Post by AggieUprising50 » April 16th, 2019, 1:20 pm AggiesForever wrote: ↑ Awesome Report! Thanks Quick question for 22: Is there any chance that Preston Curtis gets moved to RB? Seeing that he was a really good running back in high school, and things haven't panned out for him at WR here, why not give him a shot at RB? He would fit the description of running backs Coach Sanford is looking for listed above. Thank you so much for this detailed write-up. Surprised to hear that the TE group is that solid. I was thinking it could be a challenging position group. Ditto on thinking we will miss Darwin, he and Bright in the backfield together would've been magical. I'm heartened by what I'm hearing on the WR group, but I'm still skeptical. I hope Love has guys who can consistently open. He had a lot of them last year. I'm confident Nathan can, but I know so little about the newcomers. Maybe Scarver has improved enough to be consistent? I'm hopeful. All great questions AF! I am still baffled by Mo Uasike not being used on the DL - especially given the lack of healthy bodies during Spring. He was one of our highly touted recruits and a former starter on the DL so what is the issue? Does the staff feel like his best shot at a future in the pros is on the OL? was your comment "unrelated" in parenthesis regarding the Shaw's about their current class and position or about their relationship to one another? I only wondered because I read it to mean the latter and they are most certainly brothers. Glad to hear Scarver is being used in more routes. I thought the times he struggled last year with drops and such were when he was asked to act as a possession receiver and run possession type routes like short slants. Watching him in HS, he was used in all sorts of ways, including fly sweeps, reverses, and the occasional pitch so it's good to hear that he's running something other than a go route or post route. Post by aggies22 » April 17th, 2019, 7:52 am AggieUprising50 wrote: ↑ At the moment I can't see Preston Curtis being moved to RB. We have 7 already. There just wouldn't be enough reps to go around to get him acclimated to the position. Typically a move like that happens in the spring where reps are more available. tipitup 2018 WTHCG Pick'em Champion Post by tipitup » April 17th, 2019, 7:56 am 22 do you have another depth chart coming up? Aglicious wrote: ↑ was your comment "unrelated" in parenthesis regarding the Shaw's about their current class and position or about their relationship to one another? I only wondered because I read it to mean the later and they are most certainly brothers. Glad to hear Scarver is being used in more routes. I thought the times he struggled last year with drops and such were when he was asked to act as a possession receiver and running possession type routes like short slants. Watching him in HS, he was used in all sorts of ways, including fly sweeps, reverses, and the occasional pitch so it's good to hear that he's running something other than a go route or post route. Question 1: They would like to use Mo on the offensive line next season and spring ball is the perfect time to see if he will fit there. While it's still serious football in the spring there is a lot of leeway given when players are learning new positions. Mo knows how to play nose guard, the coaching staff wanted him to learn offensive guard. The rash of injured defensive linemen should all be good to go by August. tipitup wrote: ↑ I have a solid post-spring offensive depth chart but with the unlucky amount of injuries to several defensive linemen getting a good bead on the defense was impossible. Several linebackers ended the spring filling in along the defensive line. Late June I will begin releasing my preseason previews and that will have all incoming players included in a "projected" pre-camp depth chart. If anyone would like to discuss my take on the current or future depth chart I'm game! Solid write-up AF! It's like we sat next to each other or something? I do have a few things to add. Question 1: I agree, Savon Scarver needs to take a step forward in the receiving category. Question 2: I'm not so sure we'll see a ton of Devin Heckstall in the fall. I am projecting Siaosi Mariner to be the starter at that spot and he's already third on my depth chart, so he's got some work ahead of him. Alex Wheat 2.0 comes to mind. Question 3: The receivers as a unit have a ton to prove in August. The only proven commodity we have right now is Jordan Nathan and I expect him to return to his starting role at slot receiver in the fall. There are a lot of questions at tight end behind Carson Terrell. Travis Bowman and Logan Lee are good players but they both have struggled to stay healthy in the past and both missed time during the spring. Bryce Mortenson is coming off an injury that cost him his 2018 season and Mosese Manu is trying to find his way after returning from a mission. I'm reserving judgment on Caleb Repp. If we had signed him out of high school we would all be pumped so we'll see where he fits in the grand scheme of things. Question 4: Enoch Nawahine is on scholarship and I like what he can do but he could really use a redshirt year. With the new redshirt rule, he will play in 2019 but not beyond 4 games. I'm not sold on Riley Burt. Chase Nelson ended the spring second on the depth chart. Jaylen Warren needs to come in ready to run. Question 5: Andy Koch is a redshirt freshman. Kyler Hack is a redshirt sophomore. Both kids turned down P5 offers last year to sign with USU. Ty and Karter Shaw are absolutely brothers. Aric Davison will play guard to start and possibly center down the road. He will never see time as a tackle. I addressed questions about Mo Uasike in a post above. Post by AggiesForever » April 17th, 2019, 9:58 am [*]was your comment "unrelated" in parenthesis regarding the Shaw's about their current class and position or about their relationship to one another? I only wondered because I read it to mean the latter and they are most certainly brothers. I "thought" I was told by `22 they are not related. That was the meaning of that "unrelated" reference to the Shaw's, Ty and Karter. Sorry if it was inaccurate. Post by Aglicious » April 17th, 2019, 10:31 am Nah, no apologies needed. I just enjoy anything and everything football related and you provided some great questions and topics of discussion. Thank you!	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2661
__label__wiki	0.979238	0.979238	Satyam May Appoint I-Bankers To Look For A Buyer The new board of fraud-hit Satyam Computer Services is looking to appoint two to three investment banks to look at possible buyers of the firm, reports Economic Times. The names that are currently under consideration are Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan and Deutsche Bank. The new board on its Saturday meeting has also appointed executive search firm Egon Zehnder to help find a CEO. Interestingly, Vivek Paul, former vice chairman of Wipro Ltd and an ex-partner at TPG, told ET that he would not be interested in becoming the CEO. Paul's name was doing the rounds as the CEO of the troubled company. Paul told ET that he would rather leave such an assignment to the generation next in the IT industry. After the Maytas deal fell off, several suitors, including domestic and international IT service firms and major private equity funds, were thinking of buying out Satyam. Domestic IT firms like Tech Mahindra and HCL Technologies have also shown interest in the firm. Larsen & Tubro has also bought 4% stake in the firm, has reportedly approached top government officials saying it has an action plan to save the software-maker. L&T has said that if government agrees to takeover the liabilities of Satyam, it can guide Satyam. Various options like separately selling Satyam BPO, the Pune-based subsidiary of Satyam Computer Services, are also being explored. But the main impediment remains the possible class action lawsuits being faced by Satyam in the US. The six directors of Satyam - HDFC chairman Deepak Parekh, CII chief mentor Tarun Das, former Nasscom president Kiran Karnik, Securities Appellate Tribunal's former presiding officer C Achuthan, ICAI former president T Manoharan, and LIC's S Balakrishnan - also discussed a number of other issues. The directors have divided among themselves the major clients of Satyam, and would individually call them.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2667
__label__cc	0.689952	0.310048	New report highlights innovative business models for 2050 A new report, Imagine 2050, published today by leading resource management company Veolia, highlights the innovative business models needed in three sectors to meet resource and waste challenges between now and 2050. The manufacturing, pharmaceutical & chemical and food & beverage sectors generate a waste mine of around 13 million tonnes, which if properly re-used, recycled or re-manufactured could generate £4 billion of value that is currently ‘hidden’. These three sectors are strategically important for the UK economy. Veolia’s report highlights the wide range of challenges including population growth, pressure to reduce carbon emissions and utilising technology advances to shape resource use in these three sectors. It reveals how business models and operations can be re-engineered and redesigned by 2050 so that products and manufacturing processes are completed by closing the loop. By generating energy from renewable sources and no longer treating water as a cheap commodity, but a valuable resource, businesses will become more self-sufficient. Estelle Brachlianoff, Senior Executive Vice-President, Veolia UK and Ireland, explains: “The £4 billion hidden value of unutilised resources in these industrial sectors is not something we can ignore. Realising this value has a double windfall – it helps businesses manage their resources more efficiently, and generates new revenue streams. “Adopting the innovative business models outlined in Imagine 2050 needs to happen now. Long-term planning, minimising waste and more effectively using water, energy and raw materials will help us meet the changing needs of a growing population in a sustainable way. This is at the heart of the circular economy and in Veolia’s DNA.” “The £4 billion hidden value of unutilised resources in these industrial sectors is not something we can ignore" To meet these interlinked challenges, the report highlights priority changes and innovations in each sector. Manufacturing businesses can benefit from £2.8 billion of hidden value in unutilised waste streams by generating, using and recovering energy and water resources and being closer to raw materials to secure supply chains with. By 2050, waste materials will be turned into tradable commodities, potentially enabling 100% recovery rates. Nanotechnology and 3D printing will be embedded into supply chains, enabling more flexibility with production and more efficient use of resources. “Meeting humanity’s rapidly growing consumption needs, with finite resources on a planet that is already under stress, requires more than greater resource efficiency. With three billion new middle class consumers anticipated by 2030, new business models must be explored if we are to continue to thrive.” Dr Nick Voulvoulis, Reader in Environmental Technology, Imperial College London Businesses in the pharmaceutical and chemical sector have around £800 million of hidden value in unutilised resources. Designing efficiency into products at a concept stage and new dynamics, including new financial models, will enable medicines to be produced more efficiently. A move to individually treating patients rather than illnesses could also become possible, whilst 3D printing technology could enable the production of drugs on a mass scale at a local level. “We’re likely to see greater collaboration between these specialist businesses and also with outside partners. Brands like Google are already moving into this space.” Dr Linda Hilton, Innovation Process and Business Consultant. Food production cost pressures will bring about major changes across the food and beverage sector, with companies needing to reimagine the by-products currently thrown away with around £460 million of unutilised resources. New technology will enable better use of energy for the sector and help minimise costs. Although what we eat may not change, where it comes from will be radically different, with cultured meats and insects playing a greater role in our diets. Our emotional investment in food products will be deeper – purchases will be about relationships and trust. “We’re already growing enough to feed the future world. We just don’t feed people with it. We don’t need to grow more stuff; we just need to stop throwing away the edible stuff that we do grow.” Dr Steve Evans, Director of Research, University of Cambridge Veolia UK \| Imagine 2050, the future of water, waste and energy for industry (2.14 MB)	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2669
__label__wiki	0.948502	0.948502	Sacramento365.com reviews "The Producers" at Music Circus The 61st season of the Music Circus (and the 9th season with air conditioning and ladies toilets, California Musical Theatre Executive Producer Richard Lewis made a point to note), kicks off with Mel Brooks’ riotous musical The Producers, based on his 1968 film of the same name. If you’re not familiar with the plot, it’s (seemingly) simple: Down and out Broadway producer Max Bialystock & accountant Leo Bloom scheme to put on the biggest flop in Broadway history, which is guaranteed to make them more money than a hit. Hilarity ensues as they venture out to select the worst play, director, and actors they can find, and finally produce the play itself—live on Broadway. One may be inclined to think a show about an abominable play may itself be dull, but The Producers is anything but. Full of wisecracks, witty quips, and humorous songs, the play toes the line of offensive (glitzy swastikas and blatant sexual suggestions, for example), but stops right where it should, leaving the audience amused and sated with laughter. Sure to please newcomers and fans of the original film alike, The Producers runs through this Sunday, July 17 and tickets are still available (note: this production is recommended for theatre goers age 16 and older). The Music Circus season continues through the end of August with performances of Oliver (July 19-July 24), Anything Goes (July 26-July 31), Camelot (Aug 2-Aug 7), Annie Get Your Gun (Aug 9-Aug 14), I Do! I Do! (Aug 16-Aug 21), & Miss Saigon (Aug 23-Aug 28). Written by Sacramento365.com Assistant Editor, Alison Kranz There are always lots of things to do in Sacramento California. Find this events and many more on Sacramento365.com - the year-round source for Sacramento events. Follow us on Twitter or become a fan on Facebook to get day-to-day scoop on Sacramento's happenings. Email support@sacramento365.com to get the Top 10 Events Newsletter delivered to your inbox.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2673
__label__wiki	0.699931	0.699931	Alexa Chung Teams Up With Eyeko ALEXA CHUNG has joined up with beauty brand Eyeko in a collaboration which will see her working closely with the brand on product development, packaging and even her own capsule collection. "I can't remember where I first learned about Eyeko but it was definitely on a shoot - one of the make-up artists was using their eyeliner pen on me and I just thought it was a great product," Chung told us. "I met up with Max from Eyeko and we got along very well, I was inspired by his energy and the products themselves. So I started scribbling down ideas about how they could improve them and coming up with little puns that I could see or imagine on the barrels of the tubes. I just felt the whole company seemed fun and it got my creative juices flowing and it became quite an organic collaboration." Eyeko's collection currently includes liquid liners, mascaras and a brow gel, and Chung has long credited the British brand's Skinny Liquid Liner as the secret behind her signature feline flicks. "The nib on it is the perfect shape and size and it gives you control. Often with liquid eyeliners it's either a pot with a stick or a brush with a gel, but Eyeko's Liquid Eye Liner is more like a felt tip pen. It gives you such precision and is the thing I find easiest to use when I am drawing on eyeliner… which you know I'm addicted to," she said. 10 Best Liquid Eyeliners The fruits of the partnership will first be seen in November when the new launches debut in Selfridges, followed by Sephora in America. "I'm quite interested in designing packaging and the artwork side is very appealing to me. I already know the product is good, so now it's about how I can help jazz up the brand and continue to keep it fun and young and hip," she told us. "We take meetings quite regularly and we shoot off emails to each other in the middle of the night. They've made it clear that any input is welcome and I've had fun giving my opinions. We already have some great things lined up so watch this space..." www.eyeko.com On Beauty: Alexa Chung By Jessica Diner Alexa Chung On Hitting Her Stride With Her Second LFW Show Alexa Chung Celebrates Barbour Collab With "Simply The Fest" Pub Quiz Before Glastonbury Alexa Chung Really Is Having The Best British Summer	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2674
__label__wiki	0.806847	0.806847	Miss Vogue Miss Vogue What's Up Miss Vogue Competition <p class="dropcap"> Alasdair McLellan Are you aged 16-18, mad about fashion and wanting to learn more about how the industry works? We are launching a one-off opportunity to win a place on the Gossip Girl Is Getting A Reboot By Lauren Rearick inaugural Miss Vogue Weekend Course at the Condé Nast College of Fashion & Design in London. The winner will be invited to attend the two day course on April 11 and 12, experiencing a dazzling array of talks and activities over the course of a jam-packed weekend. To enter, please write, in no more than 500 words, an account of what it is that you love about fashion, which part of the industry you might be interested in working in and why you would like to come and join us on a two-day Miss Vogue course at the Condé Nast College. Remember, your entry will need to stand out from the pack so be as creative and informative as you can! Good luck! Entries should be sent via email to info@condenastcollege.co.uk and should be submitted no later than March 30 2015. Entrants must be aged between 16 and 18 when they attend the course on April 11 and April 12 2015. The prize is non-transferable, and the winner must attend the course on these dates. The Condé Nast College will waive the tuition fee but the winner will be required to cover all associated travel and accommodation costs. Only the first 250 applications will be considered. No responsibility can be accepted for entries that are lost or delayed, or which are not received for any reason. The winner will be contacted by Thursday April 3 via email. All entrants must provide their full name, date of birth, nationality, email address, home address and telephone number with their competition entry. By entering the competition the winner agrees to participate in such promotional activity and material, including filming, as The Condé Nast College may reasonably require. The College Principal's decision is final. Miss Vogue What's Up Cara Delevingne's Latest Project Has Helped Her Find Her Best Self Miss Vogue Celebrity Style When Did Sleep Get So Competitive? By Daniela Morosini Why Is It That Fashion Looks To Queer Icons For Inspiration? By Rosalind Jana Miss Vogue Fashion For Jonathan Anderson, Collaborating With Converse Offers Him A More "Egalitarian" Approach To Design	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2675
__label__cc	0.68075	0.31925	Home> North Wales> Snowdonia Mountains and Coast> Capel Bethesda - Honeysuckle Cottage Capel Bethesda - Honeysuckle Cottage ref: 26471 Aberllefenni, near Machynlleth, Snowdonia Mountains and Coast Nestled in the secluded valley of the Dulas, with the sounds of the river flowing through the two acre garden, peace and tranquillity are real features here. Slate floors, exposed beams and thick stone walls all add to the character and make for a romantic holiday hideaway. Honeysuckle Cottage forms part of a traditional Welsh Chapel, dating from 1825. The owners live in the upper part of the chapel. Adjoining the property on the opposite bank of the river are oak woods scheduled as a SSSI, with paths that lead past a picturesque gorge with waterfalls and then on to the villages of Aberllefenni and Corris. It is ideal walking country, with easy reach of Snowdonia. Within half an hour’s drive are beaches at Ynyslas and Aberdovey. Closer still are the nature reserves at Ynys Hir (RSPB), Cors Dyfi (Osprey Project). The market town of Machynlleth and the Museum of Modern Art - Wales are worth exploring, as is the Centre for Alternative Technology just down the valley at Pantperthog. Shop, pub and restaurant 2 miles. Honeysuckle Cottage can be booked together with Jasmine Cottage (25935) to accommodate up to 4 guests. Read more about Capel Bethesda - Honeysuckle Cottage Step to... Living room: With wood burner, TV, beams and slate floor. Dining room: With beams. With electric cooker, microwave, fridge, washing machine, beams and slate floor. Steep stairs to... Bedroom: With double bed. Wood-fired central heating (controlled by owners), electricity, bed linen, towels and Wi-Fi included. Initial logs for wood burner included. Lawned garden with sitting-out area and garden furniture. 1-acre garden (shared with owner and other property on-site). Private parking for 1 car. No smoking. Please note: No children, except babies under 6 months. There are drops in the grounds and an unfenced river in the garden, 20 yards. Jasmine Cottage Capel Bethesda Browse our cottages in Snowdonia Mountains and Coast Explore things to do in Snowdonia Mountains and Coast Snowdonia Mountains and Coast holiday guide The area covered by Snowdonia Mountains and Coast is not surprisingly dominated by the Snowdonia National Park. However, it also includes the stunning Cambrian Coast which is also worthy of a visit. Snowdon is at the heart of the Snowdonia National Park with the surrounding area being steeped in history and benefing from some of the most beautiful views in all of Britain. The mountain is not just tall, it has its own unique bio-diversity of plants and animals making sure your visit is truly unique from anyother. There is no doubt that Snowdonia is one of the premier locations in UK for outdoor activities. Whatever you want to do - from mountain climbing to kayaking, cycling to windsurfing - you'll be able to enjoy it here. But you don't have to climb the mountains; you can just enjoy the scenery. Explore a castle or an underground power station. Paddle in the sea or sail a boat. Rain or shine, whatever time of year, you'll find something here to enjoy. Llechwedd Slate Caverns Set in 2000 acres of lands above the town of Blaenau Festiniog Llechwedd Slate Caverns are a working slate mine. There are two underground mine tours that take you deep into the mountain. Read more about Llechwedd Slate Caverns (External) Gwydyr Stables The riding centre at Gwydyr Stables offers horse riding, and pony trekking just four miles from Betws y Coed Read more about Gwydyr Stables Ogwen Valley The Ogwen Valley is often cited as the best place for a novice climber to take there climbing to the next level. Read more about Ogwen Valley	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2678
__label__wiki	0.819991	0.819991	Elland Road reaction: Forest game is vital for Reds now, admits Morais Ezgjan Alioski scores his goal. Picture by Simon Hulme Published: 19:04 Saturday 21 April 2018 Jose Morais admits Barnsley must beat Nottingham Forest on Tuesday after Paul Heckingbottom’s Leeds dealt a blow to their survival hopes. The Reds went into the Yorkshire derby buoyed by nicking a late point against relegation rivals Bolton but they were unable to pick up a crucial victory at Elland Road. Goals from young left-back Tom Pearce - his first in professional football - and Gjanni Alioski gave Leeds a 2-1 win, only their third in the Championship this year. Paudie O’Connor’s own goal brought Barnsley level before the break but they were unable to find another equaliser, with the result leaving the Reds two points from safety ahead of their midweek game in hand. “It’s between us and the teams close to us in this moment,” said Morais. “Bolton is the team that is closest and my belief is that we have definitely to win the next game, which is the game we have less than the others. “Winning this game we will be in a good position and after that is to control in terms of making the same results as the teams that we are in a direct fight with. “Tuesday is a must-win game, definitely.” Substitute Kieffer Moore missed a golden opportunity late on when he failed to tap into an empty net and Adam Hammill was booked for diving in the box following a challenge from Matthew Pennington, a decision Morais questioned. “A result where you miss opportunities to make a different score, you are expecting more,” he said. “A result where a foul was supposed to be given in order for you to get a penalty, it’s possible to say I was expecting more. “We should have had a penalty, but the referee gave a yellow card to my player. “It was a decisive moment that we should have been rewarded with a penalty. I’ve seen it already on the video and it was a penalty.” Leeds United begin the healing process against old enemy Manchester United Heckingbottom - the subject of much attention before and during the match following his sudden move from Barnsley to Leeds in February - did not attend the post-match press conference, with assistant Jamie Clapham standing in. “The game summed up our season,” said Clapham. “The first 15, 20 minutes we were exceptional - we played really fast and were on the front foot. “Then we got the goal and for some unknown reason we just switched off and they managed to get in the game. “We were getting so much wrong and it was all about us, they didn’t change what they were doing. “You can see the equaliser was coming for them and then at half-time we had to have strong words. “We got the goal and controlled large periods again then. Towards the end it was a real battle and we had to man up and do everything you need to get results. “It’s fantastic for our players and full credit to them.” On Heckingbottom’s absence from post-game duties, Clapham joked: “He might have injured himself and couldn’t get up the stairs. “It was always something we discussed when we came in here, that I’d come up for this game and do it.” Sheffield United expected to break club transfer record ‘a few more times’	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2695
__label__cc	0.62699	0.37301	One person injured in rollover on Grubb Rd One person is taken to the hospital after their SUV rolls over into a ditch. Emergency crews were called to 8190 Grubb Road just before 6:30 Friday night for a vehicle rollover. The vehicle rolled over before coming to a rest on its roof in a ditch. One person was taken to the hospital for their injuries. No word on what caused the accident. The Erie Women's Fund awarded its larges grant ever. It's a celebration of philanthropy. The goal is to empower women and families. For the first time in their 12 year history they gave a single grant of $100,000. Daria Devlin the Executive Director of the Erie Center for Arts & Technology was awarded. Panelists from Erie County's Task Force coming together for a conversation regarding the type of Community College in Erie's future. Erie County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper said she wants the County to have something compared to nothing. "We've been trying to get a stand alone community college for a while now and the likely hood of that happening is not good," said Dahlkemper. Many opinions were shared. Some were for the idea of partnering with the Northern Pennsylvania Regional College. Others urged panelists for a stand alone Community College. "I am leaving with a lot of questions but I am hopeful," said Principal of Harding School Kevin Harper. The city of Erie's midyear budget report includes a small surplus and the first numbers from the city's new LERTA. Mayor Joe Schember presented his 2019 midyear address to city council Wednesday night.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2698
__label__wiki	0.880729	0.880729	NMG – Manalapan Archives Our digital archives from 2000-2015 Posted on March 10, 2000 by Greater Media Reliance on property taxes will hit homeowners hard t’s been some time since taxpayers in Millstone Township have seen a significant one-year hike in the local school tax rate, but that good news streak will end this year. The Millstone Board of Education’s proposed budget for 2000-01 carries a 14-cent increase, and there doesn’t seem to be too much the board can do about the situation. To the owner of a home assessed at $300,000, a 14-cent increase will mean an additional $420 in school taxes to be paid in 2000-01. However, residents who may be planning to complain to the board and demand that the new budget be thrown out need to know they’re not likely to see much difference if the budget is redone, no matter how meticulously. According to school officials, Millstone is to receive $4.38 million in state aid this year, and while that’s up from a year ago, it’s not nearly what the board was counting on. According to district administrators, under the formula used to derive entitle-ments in previous years, Millstone should have received $5.15 million for 2000-2001. However, they say a new state funding program has decreed that much of that money would be better spent elsewhere and awarded it to districts with greater financial needs. Board members say there is only so much they can do to cut spending in the budget. Almost 90 percent of the budget is allocated for fixed costs — expenses over which the board has no real control, like tuition paid to Allentown High School and staff health benefits. Board members say they have cut costs in the remaining portion of the budget, the discretionary costs, spending less on new computers and other items than in the current year. Millstone residents don’t have to be happy about a 14-cent tax hike, but they will have to pay it. Residents should know that if they vote down the budget on April 18, it will be sent to the Township Committee for review. The governing body will either make recommendations for reductions or negotiate with the board to arrive at an amount to be cut. Typically, these cuts result in a token amount that may lower the projected increase by 1 or 2 cents. This is not an endorsement of the Mill-stone budget, just a statement of fact that acknowledges New Jersey’s heavy re-liance on property taxes to fund the operation of our schools. Residents with complaints about how the Garden State’s schools are funded would be well-served to make their case to their legislators. It is only when the breaking point is finally reached that the people in Trenton will begin to pay attention. 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__label__cc	0.702526	0.297474	EMEA Digital Banking Maturity Survey Tax and Legal Newsletter Deloitte Legal Deloitte Legal in Central Europe Accounting Services & Solutions Accounting/Payroll & Financial Services Automated Processing of accounting documents Paperless HR & Payroll Management Robotisation of Accounting Processes The Global Tax Reset & BEPS R&D Survey Tax&Legal Newsletter Technology Fast 50 First Steps into the Labour Market Central European survey of students and graduates Lithuanian \| Leave an impression that defines you. What impact will you make? Every day, your work will make an impact that matters, while you thrive in a dynamic culture of inclusion, collaboration and high performance. As the undisputed leader in professional services, Deloitte is where you’ll find unrivaled opportunities to succeed and realize your full potential. Deloitte Ethical Principles Deloitte Central Europe Impact Report At Deloitte, we believe that the truest measure of who we are and what we stand for is not our global scale, where we operate or the services we offer. Instead, it is all about our shared Purpose, which is to make an impact that matters. Deloitte Baltic Summer Fest 2018 Every year our employees from all three Baltic countries gather together to relax. We had the most amazing time while playing games and joking around on the sunny beach of Estonia. These four days full of joy and happiness will keep ourselves warm for the whole upcoming year! Deloitte Futuristic Party Deloitte Christmas party is one of the most expected events of the year – it is the way to express our employees gratitude and appreciation for their hard work and dedication. Deloitte Baltics Summer Tax School 2018 Baltic Summer Tax school On 6-11 August 2018 young and ambitious talents from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are invited to expand their knowledge and boost professional experience during 6 days boot-camp together with Deloitte Baltics Tax team. Deloitte has invited 14 young and ambitious talents from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to expand their knowledge and boost professional experience during 6 days boot-camp in Riga, Latvia together with Deloitte Baltics Tax team on 6-22 August 2018. Impact Report 2017 Deloitte Central Europe Deloitte Rocks winter party Gintautas Bartkus has been appointed to lead Deloitte Legal practice in the Baltics Women @Deloitte Internal Initiative Deloitte understands the importance of Diversity and the need of empowering and advancing women. Through various motivational initiatives, mentoring, regular informal meetings and workshops, we aim to attract, develop and retain talented women at Deloitte. Deloitte understands the importance of Diversity and with it the need for empowering and advancing women. Through various motivational initiatives, mentoring, regular informal meetings and workshops, we aim to attract, develop and retain talented women in Deloitte. Deloitte’s brand gets a makeover by Amy Fuller, Senior Managing Director, Global Brand An organization’s brand, like a family’s home, is perhaps its most important asset. Interestingly, the two seem to age at about the same rate. Read more about Deloitte's new brand identity. Ethics at Deloitte It starts with integrity Why Deloitte Lithuania? Join us and find out! Meet Giedrius Padriezas Tax Consultant at Deloitte Lithuania Vision, Values and Strategy Distinguishing the Deloitte culture Deloitte announces record revenue of US$36.8 billion Growth of 9.5 percent Seventh consecutive year of growth Deloitte Launches University for Europe, the Middle East and Africa Deloitte launched Deloitte University for Europe, the Middle East and Africa (DU EMEA) to help staff – and ultimately clients – navigate market changes and stay on the leading edge of learning and innovation. Deloitte in Lithuania 2015 was special for us: Deloitte was celebrating 20 years of practice in Lithuania. On 28 April 1995, Deloitte & Touche established its first branch in the Baltics. Success to Deloitte and its member firms means hiring the best people and investing in their ongoing development. That means as your career goals change and grow, we can support you with the tools and education you need to keep advancing. Explore Careers at Deloitte Here, you’ll have the support you need to deliver the exceptional for our clients and be celebrated for your unique talents. From professional development to leadership opportunities and career advancement, we empower our people to be their very best – because that’s how you make a difference. Your experience, insights and skills are the fuel that drives change and helps us make an impact that matters for our clients. Bring your talents to Deloitte, and you’ll find a global network of support, leadership opportunities and diverse thinking. There’s no limit to what you can achieve. Are you ready to apply your knowledge and background to exciting new challenges? From learning to leadership, this is your chance to take your career to the next level. Search and apply for a job today. Contact us via online form About Deloitte in Lithuania Deloitte refers to one or more of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, a UK private company limited by guarantee (“DTTL”), its network of member firms and their related entities. DTTL and each of its member firms are legally separate and independent entities. DTTL (also referred to as “Deloitte Global”) does not provide services to clients. Please see About Deloitte to learn more about our global network of member firms.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2701
__label__wiki	0.581476	0.581476	World Travel Guide > Guides > Europe > Italy > Catania Fontanarossa Airport Introducing Catania Fontanarossa Airport About Catania Fontanarossa Airport height on window resize 'updateSidebarHeight': true, // disable the plugin when the screen size is smaller than... 'minWidth': 0, // disable the plugin on responsive layouts 'disableOnResponsiveLayouts': true, // or 'stick-to-top', 'stick-to-bottom' 'sidebarBehavior': 'modern', // or 'absolute' 'defaultPosition': 'relative', // namespace 'namespace': 'TSS' }); }); About Catania Fontanarossa Airport (CTA) Also known as Vincenzo Bellini Airport, Catania Fontanarossa Airport is located in eastern Sicily, near the city of Catania. Our guide to the airport includes contact details and information regarding terminal facilities, public transport options and nearby accommodation. Airport news: Further expansion of Catania Fontanarossa Airport is deemed necessary to cope with increasing traffic. Future plans include a new runway and a panoramic restaurant. There is a flight information office (tel: +39 095 340 505) open from 0800 to midnight in Arrivals. Additionally, a tourist information office (tel: +39 095 730 6266) operates from 0800 to 2200. http://www.aeroporto.catania.it From central Catania, head south along Via Domenico Tempio past the harbour, following signs for the SP701. Take the Via Fontanarossa exit, which leads directly to the airport terminal. 95121 Catania Catania Fontanarossa Airport is located 4km (2.5 miles) southwest of central Catania. No. of terminals: +39 095 723 9111. Central European Time GMT +0100 Public transport road: Bus:AMT Alibus (tel: +39 800 018 696; www.amt.ct.it) operates services every 20 minutes from 0500 to midnight, between the city centre and Catania Fontanarossa Airport (via Catania Central railway station). The journey time is around 20 minutes, and the single fare is €1. Tickets can be purchased from the ticket counter in the airport. Taxi:Taxis from Radiotaxi (tel: +39 095 330 966) or Taxi Sat Service (tel: +39 095 6188) are readily available outside Arrivals. The journey time into Catania is 10 to 15 minutes, and the fare is around €25. Public transport rail: Rail:Trenitalia trains (tel: +39 06 6847 5475; www.trenitalia.com) run from Catania Central railway station, about 4km (2.5 miles) from the airport, to destinations all over Sicily and mainland Italy. Regular buses connect Catania Fontanarossa Airport with Catania Central railway station. There is a bank (open Monday to Friday) and a 24-hour ATM cash dispenser within the terminal building. There is a coffee bar, a full-service restaurant and a self-service cafeteria within the terminal. A number of shops offering a wide range of practical items, local specialities and gifts can be found in the shopping centre in Departures. There is also a kiosk selling tobacco, newspapers and magazines. A duty-free shop is open prior to flights in Departures. For baggage assistance, passengers are advised to contact the airline directly. In the case of lost baggage, passengers should make a claim immediately at the Lost & Found Office (tel: +39 095 7233180) in the baggage claim hall. The operator service is available every day from 0800 to 1200, and luggage can be collected every day from 0900 to 1300 / from 1700 to 2100. Other facilities available at Catania Fontanarossa Airport include a nursery and a first aid service (tel: +39 095 346 075), which is on hand to deal with medical emergencies. Airport facilities Conference and business: Passengers can contact the Business Centre (fax: +39 (0)957 349 837) to reserve a meeting room. The Sala/Amica/Friendship Room is open from 0530 to 0000 and offers Internet access and fax facilities, and there is an Alitalia VIP lounge, which is open from 0530 to 2130 and can serve basic business needs. Conference and meeting space is also available in the larger city hotels – the nearest hotel offering extensive meeting facilities is the Romano Palace Hotel (tel: +39 095 596 7111;www.romanopalace.com), which is less than 2km (1.2 miles) from the airport. Communication Facilities: Wi-Fi internet access is available for use by passengers. Payphones are located at various points in the terminal, and a post office (open from 0815 to 1330) is situated in Arrivals. Disabled facilities: Catania Fontanarossa Airport is fully accessible to wheelchair users. Wheelchair assistance is available on request prior to arrival at the airport. Accessible toilets, lifts and guide paths for the visually impaired have been installed. Dedicated car parking spaces are reserved for disabled users in the various car parks. The Sala Amica room offers assistance and support for disabled passengers and their companions. There are three conveniently located car parks (P1, P2, P4) at Catania Fontanarossa Airport, offering both short and long-stay parking (tel: +39 095 349 770) and which are walking distance from the terminal. Short-stay rates are available at car parks P1 and P2, while long-stay options can be found at P4. Car hire companies at Catania Fontanarossa Airport include Forzese, Hertz and Locauto Rent, among others. Browse our Video Guides Book your flights	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2702
__label__wiki	0.901558	0.901558	Cable TV Internet TV news Movies Sports Matt Sep 17th, 2014 ESPN Announce 7 New 30 for 30s Having been highly critically-acclaimed since launching in 2009 to a level that it has enabled it to carry on beyond the anniversary year in the same branding, the ESPN Film series 30 for 30 have announced 7 more sports documentaries to arrive by the end of the year. For fans of the series, in which professional film-makers create full-length documentaries on a sports topic close to them, there will be a chance to enjoy no less than 6 on consecutive Tuesday nights starting in October. Beginning on 7 October (but led in a week beforehand on 30 September with It’s Time, of ESPN Films’ spin-off series SEC Storied), the batch will begin with Playing for the Mob (focusing on a game fixing scandal involving the 1970’s Boston college basketball team, followed by a new 30 for 30 short The Great Trade Robbery on american football player Herschel Walker and the Dallas Cowboys). This will be followed in successive weeks by The Day The Series Stopped (where an earthquake delayed the 1989 World Series in San Francisco), When the Garden was Eden (the 1970’s New York Knicks), Brian and the Boz (the story of american football player Brian Bosworth), Brothers in Exile (Cuban baseball players Livan and Orlando Hernandez moving to the major league in the 1990’s), and Rand University (former NFL star Randy Moss retracing his roots). Finally, there will be a month delay before the 7th and final part of the batch, (and 26th of the 30-part second season) with the series’ first-ever sequel episode, The U Part 2, focusing on the Miami Hurricanes college american football team rebuilding after 1990s sanctions, only to face fresh controversies amongst their success, set to air just over 5 years after the original, on 13 December following coverage of the Heisman Trophy presentation. Airtimes for all upcoming documentaries will vary from 8-10pm ET across the run. The full descriptions of the films being made can be seen here. ESPN‘s ‘vice president & executive producer’ of ESPN Films and Original Programming, Connor Schell, said of the new films: “Even though we have been at this for five years now, there is no shortage of incredible moments from the world of sports, so that enables us to continue making 30 for 30 films we’re proud of. The new slate takes a look at events and people that may be familiar to viewers, but our intent is to provide a totally different perspective through the visions of our various filmmakers.” While the many spin-off series in the ESPN Films family makes it difficult to pin an exact figure on the number of documentaries that have been made since ESPN’s 30th anniversary in 2009 (although it is certainly over the original 30 planned, with 56 by the end of the year for the full-length 30 for 30 banner, and over 100 for all documentaries), but it is a series that can keep going a long time considering the vast number of stories around in American and global sport, even minor moments could be stretched out… maybe… ESPN could even just take on the challenge of fictional stories if they want to, it’s all fine as long as they keep up the quality: ESPN Cancel Concussion Documentary On NFL Request ESPN UK Saved By New Rival BT Sport News Corp Plan To Rival ESPN With Planned New Sports Channel Tim Tebow Recruited For New Team… ESPN ESPN Secures $5.6 Billion MLB Broadcasts For Eight More Years Tags: 30 for 30, brian and the boz, brothers in exile, Cable TV, documentaries, ESPN, espn classic, it's time, online tv, online tv usa, playing for the mob, rand university, Sports, sports documentaries, sports films, the day the series stopped, the great trade robbery, the u, the u part 2, when the garden was eden Dish Secures Scripps Content for Upcoming Internet TV service Avatar Prepare For 3D4K Sequel With High Frame Rate Games console TV Internet Music Internet TV Articles Internet TV Explained Internet TV news Internet TV Reviews Internet TV Websites Mobile Phone TV Movie Download reviews P2P Software PPlive PPstream Sopcast TVants TVUplayer Twitter Facebook Email RSS Internet TV guide Cord cutting guide Follow us and contact.. Still can't find what you're looking for? Search Site	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2703
__label__cc	0.742994	0.257006	You Can Lead an Atheist to Evidence, But You Can’t Make Him Think Atheism, Books I have been listening to more and more debates between William Lane Craig, probably one of the best living Christian apologists, and a variety of atheists (links to debate audio below). With the exception of Jonathan Shook, even their best efforts are easily destroyed by Craig – most of them rely on polemics and often really poor attacks on the fidelity of scripture, rather than logic and reason. With that in mind, Ray Comfort's new book You Can Lead an Atheist to Evidence, But You Can't Make Him Think: Answers to Questions from Angry Skeptics seems more than a pejorative stab, but rather, an astute observation of the narrow atheist view of reality, their unwillingness to concede science and reason's limitations, and other means of epistemology other than material empiricism. Add one more to my already overburdened Amazon wishlist! Comfort also answers an interesting question about atheist hecklers at challies.com, and refers to his site Atheist Central. William Lane Craig v. Atheists Debates William Lane Craig debate transcripts WILLIAM LANE CRAIG COMPREHENSIVE DEBATE LIST WLC v. Christopher Hitchens – Does God Exist? WLC v. John R. Shook – Does God Exist? http://www.brianauten.com/Apologetics/Craig-Shook-Debate.mp3 Tags: AtheismBooks The title and cover art are obviously pejorative stabs at people who have the temerity to disagree with believers. In effect, atheists are dumb and stubborn animals who refuse to even consider so-called "reasonable and logical" arguments and standards. Maybe you smug believers could consider that you are seen precisely the same way by the people you love to denigrate. danielg says: 3 February, 2009 at 11:31 AM If you read Comfort’s discussion at challies.com, he basically says that most atheists are committed skeptics and beyond argumentation, so he uses such lightning rod tactics to draw in the uncommitted to hear the discussion. Interesting approach. He’s answering the atheists (after a mild insult) so that the open minded skeptics who are listening in can weigh the evidence objectively. In some sense, insulting the hard hearted is like Moses challenging Pharaoh. There is a purpose, but it’s not primarily to change him through kindness ;) “Insulting the hard-hearted.” Well, that about says it all. Why engage with someone who not only prejudges you but also insults you at the same time? A put-down is no way to approach this type of discussion. It’s just as easy to return the put-down, especially on matters of “weighing the evidence objectively,” something people of faith (as they like to call themselves) aren’t particularly known for. >> LOUIS: Why engage with someone who not only prejudges you but also insults you at the same time? No one said you were hard hearted. It reminds me of an old saying we had when open air preaching – ‘It’s like throwing a brick into a pack of dogs. Which ever one you hit howls the loudest.’ You are right, this brick will offend some, but it is only targeted at them as attention getters, not as potential converts. The noise they make attracts real seekers. If those howling about the insult were open minded, they would not be so offended as to turn way. It is analogous to Jesus pissing off the Pharisees, or to his teaching in parables, which He did to confuse the arrogant and fault finding, while more humble, self-examining seekers could not be so easily dissuaded. There is a place for humble entreaty and patience in sharing the gospel. There is also place for prodding the apathetic and hard hearted, even with insults and threats of God’s judgement upon them. I’m not making excuses for rude behavior, self-righteousness, or callous rejection of people as ‘beyond God’s reach.’ I’m just saying that such tactics are not out of bounds in preaching the gospel – but they offend the proud, and the religiously minded and outwardly pious. I love the story of when Jesus is being followed by huge crowds after feeding the 5000, and he decides to thin them out a bit with his “unless you eat my flesh and drink my blood, you have no part in me” sermon (John 6:52-54). When the disciples complained about it later, he responded “Does that offend you? How about this…What then if you should see the Son of Man ascend where He was before?” Cineaste says: Ray Comfort? Of the “Behold the Atheists Nightmare” fame? Indeed, how can one even think about arguing against that kind of “evidence?” ROFL! Yes, the banana video made him famous. Perhaps he has learned from that outing. But what is important is not him, but the argument he is making – that being offensive or insulting is part of a useful and biblical strategy for reaching people with the gospel. And the title and photo of the book are priceless, a well done insult, which even you could appreciate ;) “But what is important is not him, but the argument he is making… That a banana fits in your hand ergo, there is a god. That banana also fits in his butt. He deserves the ridicule… and then some. … and he and Kirk Cameron got their butts kicked in a debate by the Rational Response Squad (kids). He does deserve ridicule and then some for the banana one, but not on the point I am making, nor the artful insult of his book. As per Kirk and Rick Warren, they have no idea what it takes to really debate. But I challenge you to listen to the Shook/Craig debate, it’s really good, and the Shook is by far the most compelling atheist debater I’ve heard – others, like Flew (now an agnostic) and Hitchens were actually not that good at all. I’ve yet to find a Sam Harris debate. He’s great on his own, but not sure if he could stand the fire of a real, formal debate. I’m glad that we’re agreed that flinging insults and brickbats is what’s going on here. This might be relevant. I’d like to see the WLC vs. Hitchens debate. No video? “I’ve yet to find a Sam Harris debate…” Have a taste… CIN, I’ve seen that, but that’s not a formal debate – at least, the Jewish guy he is debating on that talk show is lousy. But I like Harris, he is much better than Flew, Hitchens, or Dennett. But you should listen to Shook, he is the best atheist debater I’ve yet heard. He gave Craig a run for his money.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2706
__label__cc	0.720118	0.279882	What does a Plant Engineer do? Some plant engineers must have the skills required to service and troubleshoot computer numerical controlled machinery. A plant engineer may oversee the operation of various systems in a manufacturing facility. Many plant engineers must know how to test and calibrate electronics and industrial machinery. A power plant engineer is responsible for monitoring the status of several power generation systems. Plant engineers maintain and repair machinery and equipment at manufacturing companies. In some cases, a plant engineer may play a key role in designing and equipping a facility before it is opened. Written By: K. Kinsella Edited By: Allegra J. Lingo A plant engineer is a company employee who is responsible for maintaining and repairing machinery and equipment. Manufacturing companies and power plants are among the major employers of plant engineers. Many large companies employ several engineers to ensure that there is an engineer on the premises 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Plant engineers are usually well paid, but engineers with specialist knowledge and advanced degrees are even more highly compensated because employees with such skills are in high demand throughout the world. Companies normally require a plant engineer to have a college engineering degree. Employers usually seek out job candidates with an engineering degree that is relevant to the particular industry, such as a mechanical, nuclear, chemical, or electrical engineering degree. A plant engineer normally starts as a member of a plant crew and handles general maintenance issues. Senior engineers can be promoted to supervisory and management positions. Engineering managers must help to train and recruit new employees as well as coordinate staffing schedules and manage departmental budgets. Manufacturing firms usually require the plant engineer to conduct daily safety checks on heavy machinery and equipment. The engineer must perform a series of basic tests to ensure machines are working smoothly. In many places, companies are legally required to perform regular safety checks and local inspectors liaise with plant engineers to ensure that all health and safety regulations are being observed. At many plants the plant engineer must also perform regular preventative maintenance on equipment, and this requires the engineers to have a thorough knowledge of the machinery involved. Plant engineers liaise with management and production teams to rectify problems with machinery and equipment that slow down production or create safety hazards. Some plant engineers are responsible for developing ideas to speed up production and cut costs. Senior engineers often work with employees involved in production and train them to handle and maintain new equipment. Power stations employ a team of plant engineers, some of whom perform basic tasks related to maintenance and safety, and others are required to have specialized skills. Plant engineers at nuclear power stations are usually required to have advanced degrees in physics and nuclear engineering because they oversee the process of creating power from radioactive materials. Nuclear engineers must ensure that radioactive materials are safely stored and that nuclear reactors remain structurally sound. In the event of a power station leak, plant engineers wearing protective clothing attempt to seal the leak and determine the safety risk posed to the rest of the plant and the surrounding area. What Factors Affect the Cost of a Structural Engineer? What Does a Nuclear Power Engineer Do? How Do I Become a Nuclear Power Engineer? How do I Become a Plant Engineer? How do I Become a Nuclear Engineer? What does a Lift Engineer do? What Does a Production Engineer Do? Rundocuri My brother has a power plant engineering job that he got right out of college Talentryto. He has always enjoyed his career choice. It seems like it is a field that also offers a great deal of job security in addition to good pay and benefits. Talentryto Plant engineering is a great field for young people to go into these days. There are many jobs available in the field in a lot of cities, and the pay is usually very good.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2709
__label__cc	0.51697	0.48303	What is Inheritance Funding? Trusts generally protect a person’s assets from dissolution of marriage. Written By: Pablo Garcia Inheritance funding describes a contractual arrangement whereby a funding company advances to an heir a percentage of the money the heir is expected to receive in a will. The funding company charges a fee for this service. Once the decedent’s estate is disbursed in probate, the funding company takes its fee from the heir’s share of the will and returns any remaining money less the advance to the heir. An heir is anyone who inherits property or money of a deceased person through a will. Any heir of a will that is in probate, which is the judicial process of certifying a will, can contract with a funding company for an advance against her inheritance. Generally, most such companies require a minimum inheritance in the range of ten thousand dollars or more. There are no jurisdictional requirements for purposes of inheritance funding. The will can be in probate in any state in the US. Fees are based on the size of the inheritance and the length of time the estate may remain in probate Inheritance funding is not a loan transaction. The funding company is buying the heir’s future inheritance at a discounted rate. There are no interest charges while the company waits for probate to conclude and the heir’s inheritance to be disbursed. However, some companies may charge additional fees for processing and evaluating the heir’s application, but usually these fees are deducted from the initial advance. The funding company recovers its investment by deducting its contractual fee from the heir’s share of the will before disbursing any amount remaining to the heir. In an inheritance-funding contract, the heir is not responsible to the funding company if unknown creditors interfere with the heir’s inheritance or probate becomes more complex or lengthy than expected. It is the length of time that a will can remain in probate that sometimes prompts an heir to seek an advance against the inheritance. The company must absorb any losses associated with probate, unless the heir withheld information about matters adversely affecting the inheritance. Beneficiaries of certain kinds of trusts may be able to use inheritance funding. Trusts generally protect a person’s assets from bankruptcy and dissolution of marriage. Trusts used for estate planning purposes specify what assets will be received by a beneficiary of the trust upon the grantor’s death. A trust created in the anticipation of death but not included in a will avoids the probate process, but it still releases the intended assets after the grantor’s death. What is Legal Financing? What is an Unclaimed Inheritance? What is a Missing Heir? What is the Difference Between a Trust and an Inheritance? What is an Inheritance Loan? What is a Cash Inheritance?	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2710
__label__wiki	0.569395	0.569395	WKU Softball: Season-high in walks leads to 7-2 loss to Louisville Matt Foster, BOWLING GREEN, Ky. – For the first time since March 13, WKU Softball left the field on the losing end of a decision as the Hilltoppers dropped a midweek tilt against Louisville Wednesday night on The Hill. With an attendance of 877 on hand inside the WKU Softball Complex as well as filtered into the parking structure, the Red and White took the field in front of its largest crown – home or away – of the season. WKU’s 7-2 loss to the Cardinals snapped the squad’s 11-game win streak. “This was the biggest crowd we’ve had all year and we’re grateful to everyone for coming out,” head coach Amy Tudor shared of the crowd. “Sometimes your environment will dictate your play and I feel like today it did. We need to play the same whether it’s a big crowd, small crowd, or the president’s here; it doesn’t matter.” Despite the rare Hilltopper loss, moving the team to 26-6 on the season, WKU scored at least one run for the 30th-consecutive game. The Red and White have been shut out just once this season. Louisville (23-13) struck in its opening trip to the plate for all the run support the squad would end up needing as the Cardinals plated three each of the first to frames. Trailing 3-0 heading into the bottom of the first, Rebekah Engelhardt beat out an infield single before the senior stole her first of two bases on the day. Already in scoring position, Engelhardt would come around to score after Shannon Plese reached on a throwing error that saw her end up on second. While Plese reached base on the error, it did not count towards her 24-game reached base streak due to the defensive mishap. Her team-best streak would come to an end as the redshirt-senior was unable to find another way on board again. After Louisville made the score 6-1 in the top of the second, former Cardinal and current Hilltopper Jordan Vorbrink led off the bottom of the frame with a double to the left-center gap. After a pair of popouts, Maddie Bowlds stepped in to the box and followed Vorbrink’s lead with another double to the gap, trading places with the senior for the squad’s second run of the day. WKU would tally just one more hit in its final five trips to the plate in the form of a Kendall Smith single. Engelhardt was the Hilltoppers’ final baserunner of the game in the top of the fifth when she drew a walk and proceeded to steal her second bag of the night, bringing her season total to 12. Louisville added its final run in the top of the seventh in the form of a solo home run for a 7-2 lead. Kelsey Aikey drew the start and took the loss moving to 8-4 on the season after allowing three runs – one earned – before an early exit. Kennedy Sullivan worked 5.2 innings of relief, striking out seven while allowing four runs and five hits. Shelby Nunn tossed the final frame for the Hilltoppers and allowed just one hit and zero runs. Louisville outhit the Hilltoppers 7-4 in the contest in addition to drawing 10 free bases off the WKU pitchers. WKU Football: OL Pate named to 2019 All-Conference USA Preseason Team WKU Men's Basketball: Tops add reclassified guard Rawls to 2019 class Warren East hosts 7-on-7 football scrimmages Bowling Green woman accused of showing up to court case intoxicated Police arrest four people at two massage parlors advertised on sex forums UPDATE: KSP confirm remains found Wednesday are those of Savannah Spurlock Brawl breaks out in Ohio courtroom Russellville police looking for suspect in Saturday shooting Arrests made in Glasgow drive-by shooting	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2716
__label__cc	0.723481	0.276519	ride responsibly Toronto November 17, 2016 ‘Ride responsibly’: CondomTO campaign winners are announced What would you want to see on your condom wrapper? How about ‘wrap your willie’ or ‘no glove, no love’? The possibilities are truly endless! Cue Toronto — the city that likes to keep up with the trends. Toronto not only has it’s own condom designs, but also holds a contest so that residents can design their own. This year’s winners of the CondomTO contest were recently announced by Toronto Public Health. Over four hundred people submitted condom designs, and only 10 finalists were chosen. The top four condoms will be passed out at various health centres in the city, and the two top-choices will receive a cash award, and a year’s supply of their condoms. They will also get to choose a health organization to donate their condoms too. The judging process was really serious, and focused on the quality of design, originality, and a focus on themes relevant to Toronto. Because that’s what everyone looks for in a condom, am I right?! There were two separate “categories” with a winner and a runner up in each one. Here are the best designs: Put It On Toronto by Diane Adams. Photo provided from condomTO, Toronto Public Health. The Open Grand Prize winner, Diane Adams, is a graduate of Seneca College’s graphic design program and won with a design that featured ‘put it on Toronto’. Adams has over 15 years’ experience in graphic design and has worked for Rogers Communications, Kia Motors, and the Toronto Blue Jays. Ride responsibly by Serge Leshchuk. Provided from condomTO, Toronto Public Health. The Open Runner-up, Serge Leschuk, a social media strategist and content creator in Toronto, designed a condom that focused on Toronto transit saying ‘condomTo- ride responsibly’. Leschuk is self-taught in design, writing, and video production. No transfers by Andrea Por. Provided from condomTO contest, Toronto Public Health. The Student Grand Prize was won by Andre Por, an advertising and graphic design student at Humber College. She designed another transit-inspired condom that focused on the design of Toronto’s subway transfers to demonstrate how condoms help stop the transfer of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs). Por is a previous Fine Arts graduate from Queen’s and began her Graphic Design diploma in 2015. Condom LuberJack by Janine Thomas. Provided from condomTO, Toronto Public Health. The student runner-up, Janine Thomas, is a fourth year student in the Bachelor of Design program at York-Sheridan and designed a Canadian-themed condom that said, ‘cover your lumber, Jack’. Thomas is a fourth year student and has a passion for typography and dogs. A condom contest is a stellar idea for Toronto, a city known for it’s rising STI rates (isn’t that what every city wants on its resume?). But, why stop there. Wouldn’t it be great if Toronto also had a design contest for tampons or pad wrappings? It’s the same region, so why not go there! It would be a great way to dismiss the stereotypes and stigma associated with the act of menstruation. Plus, a little added humour does wonders for the PMS. Women’s Post hopes CondomTO continues to host this contest on an annual basis. Sexual health is something that is not taught enough, and using fun designs on condoms is a great way to encourage its use. Plus, they are just hilarious. Who knows what people will come up with next year. Until then, have fun, but remember ‘cover your lumber, Jack’, okay?	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2717
__label__wiki	0.584585	0.584585	You are here: Home / Offices / AccessAbility / Information for staff / Information for AccessAbility Tutors / Information for AccessAbility Tutors / What is dyslexia and how can it be recognised? What is dyslexia and how can it be recognised? There are many definitions of dyslexia. Some are based on a medical model; others are concerned with educational impact and others with the possible causes of dyslexia. AccessAbility Centre staff prefer the first definition below because it fits more comfortably with a social model of disability and inclusivity. We have also included another definition for comparison. “We would argue that dyslexia is an experience that arises out of natural human diversity on the one hand and a world on the other where the early learning of literacy, and good personal organisation and working memory is mistakenly used as a marker of ‘intelligence’. The problem here is seeing difference incorrectly as ‘deficit’.“ (Dr Ross Cooper, 2006) http://www.brainhe.com/resources/2006BRAINHEconference.html Accessed 19/12/08 This definition by Cooper can be found on the BrainHE website which is an award winning site on Neurodiversity in HE developed at De Montfort University (2006) http://www.brainhe.com/ Accessed 19/12/08 “Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty which mainly affects the development of literacy and language related skills. It is likely to be present at birth and to be lifelong in its effects. It is characterised by difficulties with phonological processing, rapid naming, working memory, processing speed, and the automatic development of skills that may not match up to an individual’s other cognitive abilities. It tends to be resistant to conventional teaching methods, but its effects can be mitigated by appropriately specific intervention, including the application of information technology and supportive counselling.” British Dyslexia Association Accessed 19/12/08 Information for AccessAbility Tutors What is my role as AccessAbility Tutor? The social and medical model of disability What do I do if a student discloses a concern to me or another tutor has a concern about a student? How does dyslexia impact on the writing process? How are students screened and assessed at Leicester? What adjustments are made in examinations? How can I help and support the staff in my department? What about Distance Learning, Study Abroad, Field Trips and Work Placements? Advising students about dyslexia assessments access Nav Improve your study skills AccessAbility Centre Staff accessable@le.ac.uk or visit us on the ground floor of the Library The AccessAbility Centre is open 9.00am to 5.00pm, Monday to Friday, during both terms and vacations. Contact us if you would like to speak with someone outside of these hours. The University of Leicester is committed to equal access to our facilities. DisabledGo has a detailed accessibility guide for the David Wilson Library.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2719
__label__wiki	0.626677	0.626677	Electric Car Insurance Reviews Oil firm Shell is opening its first electric car charging points in the UK to keep pace with the global shift away from fossil fuels. Today, the Anglo-Dutch company will unveil Recharge points at its petrol stations in London, Surrey and Derby. Car Insurance Meadville Pa Please take a minute to check out Pete’s new Super Lawyer profile video! Posted by Friday & Cox, LLC on Saturday, November 2, 2013 HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) — About 1 million people in Pennsylvania are receiving government-subsidized health insurance under Democrats’ 2010. “This is not bringing a car in for a tuneup,” said Republican U.S. See Reviews, First Drives, Gas Mileage News, Photos & Specs of high MPG vehicles. Read news and updates on plug-in hybrids, electric. Bajaj Allianz Car Insurance – compare Bajaj Allianz motor insurance premium & coverage with car insurer. Get reviews, online renewal or buy new policy now. or if you needed to purchase a car wash or pay cash to get the lower price. And it felt pretty good. That’s because I was riding a Vectrix VX-2, that electric scooter company’s entry-level model that promises up to 55 miles of range and performance on. Ohio’s Workhorse Group thinks it has the perfect light-duty truck for those criteria: the Workhorse W-15 4WD Plug-In Electric Work Truck. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Get up-to-the-minute environmentally-friendly (or egregiously unfriendly) car news, reviews, high-quality photos and commentary about living green. Americans with long memories of electric vehicles will recall the brief flowering of the Think City, a plastic-bodied Norwegian-built battery car. Ford bought Think’s parent company, then known as Pivco Industries, for $23 million in 1999. In a burst of. Everything you ever wanted to know aboutElectric Cars. Read exclusive stories, up to date news, see car Electric Cars photos, and watch videos. Insurance Car 2 Months Both will be leaving their positions within the next few months. girlfriend’s car on Lincoya Bay Drive just before 4 a.m. Tuesday. The former CEO of a Nashville-based company, accused by federal prosecutors of tricking. DENVER — A recent insurance study links increased car crash claims to legalized recreational marijuana. Washington, and Oregon went up Starting in 2012, BMW launched an electric car field trial with electric versions of the 1 Series. BMW said that many of the participants – called Electronauts – are among the first customers signing up for an i3 and that it is circulating the app to. When you buy an electric car, you’re showing fuel costs the door. But you might be letting in an unexpected guest: higher auto insurance rates. NerdWallet researched insurance premiums for gas and electric versions of the same cars and found that car insurance for electric vehicles costs more in. Cheap Under 20 Car Insurance We help you save more with 20 dollars down car insurance quotes from top lenders. Pay less down payment and get free online quote. Here you may find best rates for cheap auto insurance with low monthly payments. These are as under:. Fortunately, fans of the budget-priced off-roader – which include hire car firms. that’s Electric shaver reviews based on expert Which? tests. Discover the best electric shavers, including Braun, Remington, Philips and Panasonic models. Other proposals, such as the electric Panoz-Green4U LMP, would rely on energy dense battery packs and battery swaps to race for 24 hours, whereas a hydrogen LMP would be able to refuel like a regular race car without burning fossil fuels. “It would be a. [MUSIC] Do you guys like Volvo product reviews? Do you guys like Volvo product reveals. hybrid that uses the same engine as the T-6 with boost up power and added electric motors that creates 400 horsepower. Now if your. on Tuesday named its next generation electric car ‘Mahindra e20’ and said it plans to launch it soon. The vehicle will be produced at Mahindra Reva’s recently inaugurated plant in Bangalore, the company said in a statement. “The Mahindra e2o is a. Electric-vehicle drivers can save over $10,000 on car ownership costs compared with gas cars over five years, according to NerdWallet’s analysis. offering a year of free auto insurance for new-car buyers in Oregon and Washington. GM let the offer expire without expanding the program. Honda officials said they see the offer as a way to remove a barrier to the introduction of their first electric car. To argue that the electric car has already failed is farcical. To date only one mass-market EV from an established car maker has been launched in the UK: the Nissan Leaf. Even I’m not fully convinced by the Leaf. I think it’s too big, too ugly and too. There are circumstances where owning an electric car might actually prove to be more of an insurance burden, however — some insurers are wary of the fact that if an EV gets in an accident, it’s harder to fix than a normal car, and parts are more expensive. An "electrical gremlin" has scuttled a British team’s plans to break the electric-car land. set by the Buckeye Bullet, a car designed and built by students at Ohio State University, in 2004. Team members say their insurance and permit to use a section. Read our car reviews and comparison tests to get expert insights you won’t find anywhere else – from sports cars & sedans to luxury cars & SUVs. NEW DELHI: As the electric vehicle markets stand on the brink of explosive growth, governments and the industry must proceed with caution as they need practical strategy to manage this fast-growing segment, says a report. A number of governments and car. Mahindra Electric introduced its electric car, the e2oPlus, at Rs. 7.70 lakh ex-showroom in Chennai. The challenge for Mahindra Electric was to sell the idea of an electric car, Mahesh Babu, chief executive officer, told correspondents here. Making people. The Best Electric Toothbrush. The best electric toothbrush is gentle on your teeth and gums, easy to maneuver, and actually improves your brushing technique. The latest on the Malaysian and world automotive industry. Includes cars, bikes, trucks, motoring tips, test drive reviews. NEW DELHI: Auto major Mahindra & Mahindra has been developing a range of electric vehicles will review technology patents that American electric car maker Tesla Motors has made free for applicability to its products. Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2720
__label__wiki	0.826574	0.826574	Pear Therapeutics App Gets FDA Nod for Treating Opioid Abuse Jeff Bauter Engel @JeffEngelXcon Doctors and other caregivers have a new weapon to combat the opioid epidemic. But it’s not a pharmaceutical drug—it’s a mobile app. This week, the FDA cleared “reSET-O,” an app developed by “digital therapeutics” startup Pear Therapeutics, for sale in the U.S. as a treatment for patients recovering from opioid abuse disorder. Doctors can now prescribe the app to help treat the disorder by delivering cognitive behavioral therapy, specifically a series of interactive therapy lessons modeled on the Community Reinforcement Approach, a widely used approach to treat substance abuse. The Pear app is intended to be used in tandem with outpatient treatment that includes the transmucosal drug buprenorphine as well as contingency management, a behavior modification approach that aims to create a connection between “new, targeted behavior and the opportunity to obtain a desired reward,” the FDA said. “Providing Americans suffering from opioid use disorder with more options and proper support to address treatment challenges is key to helping them succeed,” FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb said in a prepared statement. “We know medication-assisted treatment works, and we support novel ways to keep individuals more engaged in their treatment programs and to provide clinicians with new ways to intervene to help them remain in treatment.” Patients can use reSET-O to report their substance use, opioid cravings, and things that trigger cravings. They can also configure the app to send reminders to take their buprenorphine. Patients can earn rewards—ranging from digital smiley faces to Starbucks gift cards, Pear CEO Corey McCann says—when they pass drug screening tests and achieve tasks in the app, such as completing therapy lessons. The idea is to encourage desired behaviors by linking them with rewards that might trigger the release of dopamine in the patient’s brain, McCann says. “These are very, very powerful motivators for these particular patients because they have a dopamine imbalance,” he says. The announcement further establishes Pear, which has offices in Boston and San Francisco, as one of the leaders of the nascent field of digital therapeutics, in which electronics such as smartphone apps serve as the therapy or a key component of the treatment plan. Other notable players in the industry include Boston-based Akili Interactive Labs and San Diego-based Dthera Sciences, which both have software products under FDA review, and New York-based Click Therapeutics, which raised $17 million in July in a venture round led by Sanofi Ventures. This marks Pear’s second FDA nod for a prescription digital therapeutic. In September 2017, a similar app dubbed “reSET” was granted marketing clearance, making it the first software product permitted by the FDA as a prescription treatment for a disease. That marketing clearance covered substance use disorder—specifically helping patients struggling with addiction to alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, or stimulants—and the app is intended to be prescribed in conjunction with standard outpatient treatment programs. Opioid dependence was not covered under that FDA decision. The reSET-O clearance now adds opioids to Pear’s product portfolio. The app is also notable because it’s the first drug-software combination approved to treat a disease, according to McCann. The FDA reviewed Pear’s reSET-O product under the agency’s “breakthrough” medical devices program, which grants a faster review of technologies developed to address unmet medical needs for serious conditions. The question is whether clinicians will prescribe it. Pear’s partner Sandoz, a division of pharma giant Novartis (NYSE: NVS), will lead the sales and marketing efforts for reSET-O. Sandoz began marketing Pear’s app for substance use disorder in November. It’s early, but McCann says Pear’s app for opioid addiction has already received a “great deal of interest” from caregivers. “Clinicians just don’t have enough resources to be able to take care of all the patients affected” by opioid addiction, McCann says. “When presented with data for clinical superiority, clinicians tend to be quite interested, whether the product is software, a drug, a device, or otherwise.” In a 12-week, 170-patient, controlled clinical trial, use of the reSET-O software led to a statistically significant increase in patient retention—meaning the length of time that a patient sticks with the outpatient treatment program. That’s a crucial problem to address with patients suffering from opioid use disorder, where relapses are a chief concern, McCann says. (The company hasn’t studied whether the app can help prevent relapses after the outpatient program has ended.) However, use of the Pear software during the trial was not shown to decrease illicit opioid use any more than buprenorphine and contingency management alone, according to the FDA. The app is not intended to be used as a standalone treatment, or to replace care by a doctor or other licensed medical practitioner. Still, McCann is hopeful that the app will augment caregivers’ ability to treat patients and “allow patients to access care when they really need it—when they have cravings.” For example, if a patient wakes up in the middle of the night with a craving, their doctor might not be available, but they could open the app and access suggestions for how to deal with the craving, McCann says. Jeff Bauter Engel is Deputy Editor, Tech at Xconomy. Email: jengel@xconomy.com Follow @JeffEngelXcon More from EXOME Big Pharma Seeks More Partnerships, Evidence in Digital Therapeutics Android Founder on VR, Voice & the Future of Human-Machine Collaboration Blockchain, Banks & the New Web: Q&A With Ethereum Co-founder Lubin	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2721
__label__wiki	0.580088	0.580088	Daily Email Newsletter Follow @ZolmaxNews AAON Inc - Get News & Ratings Daily Enter your email address below to get the latest news and analysts' ratings for AAON Inc with our FREE daily email newsletter: Follow Zolmax News Novanta (NASDAQ:NOVT) Rating Lowered to Hold at BidaskClub BidaskClub Downgrades Malibu Boats (NASDAQ:MBUU) to Sell Materialise (NASDAQ:MTLS) Stock Rating Upgraded by BidaskClub Rio Tinto (NYSE:RIO) Stock Rating Lowered by Renaissance Capital Credit Suisse Group Upgrades Ctrip.Com International (NASDAQ:CTRP) to Outperform AtriCure (NASDAQ:ATRC) Raised to “Buy” at Zacks Investment Research Brooks Automation (NASDAQ:BRKS) Lowered to Hold at Zacks Investment Research Workhorse Group (NASDAQ:WKHS) Lifted to “Buy” at BidaskClub Funko (NASDAQ:FNKO) Price Target Raised to $28.00 Allakos (NASDAQ:ALLK) Raised to “Hold” at Zacks Investment Research KeyCorp Initiates Coverage on AppFolio (NASDAQ:APPF) Wolfgang Helmut Leoni Buys 410 Shares of Central and Eastern Europe Fund Inc (NYSE:CEE) Stock Raymond James Raises Amedisys (NASDAQ:AMED) Price Target to $144.00 Omeros’ (OMER) Neutral Rating Reaffirmed at Wedbush Jefferies Financial Group Begins Coverage on Akero Therapeutics (NASDAQ:AKRO) Canaccord Genuity Begins Coverage on Slack (NASDAQ:WORK) Activision Blizzard (NASDAQ:ATVI) Price Target Raised to $55.00 KeyCorp Raises SBA Communications (NASDAQ:SBAC) Price Target to $252.00 International Speedway (NASDAQ:ISCA) Downgraded by Wells Fargo & Co Barclays Begins Coverage on Slack (NASDAQ:WORK) Investment Analysts’ Updated EPS Estimates for June, 26th (AAON, ABBV, ABGLF, ACCO, AGYS, AIMT, AINC, AJX, AMCX, AVTR) Posted by Bonnie Powley on Jun 26th, 2019 Investment Analysts’ updated eps estimates for Wednesday, June 26th: AAON (NASDAQ:AAON) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a sell rating to a hold rating. According to Zacks, “Aaon Inc. is a manufacturer of air-conditioning and heating equipment consisting of rooftop units, chillers, air-handling units, condensing units and coils. Its products serve the new construction and replacement markets. The Company has successfully gained market share through its semi-custom product lines, which offer the customer value, quality, function, serviceability and efficiency. “ Get AAON Inc alerts: AbbVie (NYSE:ABBV) had its hold rating reissued by analysts at Citigroup Inc. Acacia Mining (OTCMKTS:ABGLF) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a strong sell rating to a hold rating. According to Zacks, “Acacia Mining plc is a mining company which acquires and explores primarily for gold. The Company’s producing mines consists of Bulyanhulu, Buzwagi and North Mara and a portfolio of exploration projects in Tanzania, Kenya and Burkina Faso. Acacia Mining plc, formerly known as African Barrick Gold plc, is based in London, United Kingdom. “ ACCO Brands (NYSE:ACCO) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a hold rating to a buy rating. The firm currently has $8.25 price target on the stock. According to Zacks, “ACCO Brands Corporation is a world leader in branded office products. Its industry-leading brands include Swingline, Kensington, Wilson Jones, Quartet, GBC, and Day-Timer, among others. Under the GBC brand, the Company is also a leader in the professional printing market. “ Agilysys (NASDAQ:AGYS) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a hold rating to a buy rating. The firm currently has $24.00 target price on the stock. According to Zacks, “Agilysys, Inc. is a leading provider of innovative IT solutions to corporate and public-sector customers, with special expertise in select vertical markets, including retail and hospitality. The company uses technology-including hardware, software and services-to help customers resolve their most complicated IT needs. The company possesses expertise in enterprise architecture and high availability, infrastructure optimization, storage and resource management, and business continuity; and provides industry-specific software, services and expertise to the retail and hospitality markets. Headquartered in Boca Raton, Fla., Agilysys operates extensively throughout North America, with additional sales offices in the United Kingdom and China. “ Aimmune Therapeutics (NASDAQ:AIMT) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a hold rating to a buy rating. They currently have $22.00 target price on the stock. According to Zacks, “Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company which is engaged in the development of desensitization treatments for peanut and other food allergies. The Company’s characterized oral desensitization immunotherapy includes AR101, a product for the treatment of peanut allergy in children and adults which is in clinical trial stage. Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. is headquartered in Brisbane, California. “ Ashford (NYSEAMERICAN:AINC) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a strong sell rating to a hold rating. According to Zacks, “Ashford Inc. is a provider of asset management and other services to companies within the hospitality industry. It is focused on managing real estate, hospitality, and securities platforms. The Company serves as the advisor to two real estate investment trusts, namely Ashford Hospitality Trust (Ashford Trust) and Ashford Hospitality Prime (Ashford Prime). Ashford Trust is focused on investing in the hospitality industry primarily within the United States. Ashford Prime invests in high RevPAR full-service and urban select-service hotels and resorts. Ashford Inc. is based in Dallas, Texas. “ Great Ajax (NYSE:AJX) was upgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a sell rating to a hold rating. According to Zacks, “Great Ajax Corp. is a real estate investment trust which acquires, invests and manages a portfolio of mortgage loans secured by single- family residences and single-family properties. The company invest in loans secured by multi-family residential and commercial mixed use retail/residential properties. It also hold real-estate owned properties acquired upon the foreclosure, other settlement of our owned non-performing loans. Great Ajax Corp. is based in Beaverton, Oregon. “ Amc Networks (NASDAQ:AMCX) was downgraded by analysts at Zacks Investment Research from a buy rating to a hold rating. According to Zacks, “AMC Networks Inc. is engaged in producing programming and movie content. It owns and operates various cable televisions. Its programming networks include AMC, IFC, Sundance Channel, WE tv, and IFC films. The AMC is a television network which focuses on the original programming and movie-based entertainment. IFC creates long and short-form content inspired by music, web, gaming, animation, news, and culture. The Sundance Channel is the television destination for independent-minded viewers. The WE tv is the women’s network specially devoted to the relationships during life’s defining moments. The IFC films consist of multiple brands that bring specialty films to the largest possible audience. AMC Networks Inc. is headquartered in New York, New York. “ Avantor (NYSE:AVTR) had its buy rating reaffirmed by analysts at Janney Montgomery Scott. They currently have a $18.70 target price on the stock, down from their previous target price of $27.00. Brenntag (OTCMKTS:BNTGF) had its neutral rating reiterated by analysts at DZ Bank AG. Goldman Sachs Group Inc started coverage on shares of CLP (OTCMKTS:CLPHY). They issued a neutral rating on the stock. Comcast (NASDAQ:CMCSA) had its buy rating reissued by analysts at Pivotal Research. They currently have a $54.00 target price on the stock. The analysts wrote, “We tweaked our 2Q quarterly estimates that would have resulted in no change to our $48 target price; however, a move to a YE 2020 target from YE 2019 drove a $6 increase in our target price to $54. In summary, our 2Q changes were: 1) immaterial in cable (+196K 2Q net new data subscribers vs. +220K previously [recall 2Q19 data results of +260K (1 gig/other speed enhancements + standalone data push) were a positive outlier with the previous 5 year (’13-’17) average 2Q data result = +193K] -195K video sub losses vs. -175K previously and unchanged revenue (+3.8%) and EBITDA (6.5%) 2Q growth, 2) adjusted Sky estimates for weakness in the pound relative to the dollar, 3) adjusted NBC revenue downward ~$500M entirely related to volatile film results and 4) positively adjusted our Hulu valuation based on the announced Disney transaction.”” Care.com (NYSE:CRCM) had its hold rating reaffirmed by analysts at BTIG Research. FedEx (NYSE:FDX) had its buy rating reaffirmed by analysts at Deutsche Bank AG. Goldman Sachs Group Inc began coverage on shares of FOX (NASDAQ:FOX). The firm issued a buy rating and a $46.00 price target on the stock. Gran Tierra Energy (NYSEAMERICAN:GTE) had its buy rating reissued by analysts at BMO Capital Markets. InnerWorkings (NASDAQ:INWK) had its hold rating reaffirmed by analysts at Barrington Research. Kirkland Lake Gold (NYSE:KL) had its buy rating reaffirmed by analysts at Royal Bank of Canada. Pretium Resources (NYSE:PVG) (TSE:PVG) had its buy rating reiterated by analysts at Royal Bank of Canada. Roxgold (OTCMKTS:ROGFF) had its buy rating reiterated by analysts at Royal Bank of Canada. Tullow Oil (LON:TLW) had its hold rating reissued by analysts at Berenberg Bank. They currently have a GBX 230 ($3.01) target price on the stock. TMAC Resources (OTCMKTS:TMMFF) had its buy rating reiterated by analysts at Royal Bank of Canada. Torex Gold Resources (OTCMKTS:TORXF) had its buy rating reiterated by analysts at Royal Bank of Canada. Receive News & Ratings for AAON Inc Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for AAON Inc and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter. Analysts Anticipate Corbus Pharmaceuticals Holdings Inc (NASDAQ:CRBP) Will Announce Earnings of -$0.22 Per Share $0.52 EPS Expected for Aircastle Limited (NYSE:AYR) This Quarter Novanta Rating Lowered to Hold at BidaskClub BidaskClub Downgrades Malibu Boats to Sell Materialise Stock Rating Upgraded by BidaskClub Rio Tinto Stock Rating Lowered by Renaissance Capital Credit Suisse Group Upgrades Ctrip.Com International to Outperform AtriCure Raised to “Buy” at Zacks Investment Research © 2006-2019 Zolmax.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2723
__label__cc	0.670226	0.329774	New senior creative director at Ubisoft Red Storm is old Kaos Studios boss After the enigmatic closure of Kaos Studios (and THQ Digital Warrington) by THQ and the team who was in charge of Homefront consequently transferred to Montreal packed its bag's, well everyone except this guy over here. Photo Courtesy of Joystiq David Votypka, the person in charge at Kaos Studios possibly grabbed this opportunity to leave Kaos Studios and start it's new job at Red Storm who are famous by the Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon and Rainbow Six games. Votypka is now the senior creative director at Ubisoft's North Carolina-based Red Storm studio according to Joystiq but it's still very unclear what project he will start working on but the rumors of the company developing a new Rainbow Six might suggest that he will be working on it. We know that Ubisoft and THQ have been headhunting each others employee's for sometime, but even with the latest legal fights going on we can only fear the worse Source: Gamerzines	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2729
__label__wiki	0.800801	0.800801	Follow @pkafka Recent Posts by Peter Kafka Exclusive: Google Buys Invite Media June 2, 2010 at 6:18 am PT UPDATE: Google has now confirmed the deal. Google has indeed bought ad technology start-up Invite Media, I’ve confirmed with multiple sources. As I wrote last month, Invite is a three-year-old “demand-side platform” designed to help buyers navigate high-volume display-advertising exchanges–like the one Google launched last year. I don’t have a price for the deal nailed down, but I believe it’s in the $70 million range. Google (GOOG) declined to comment; I haven’t heard back from Invite Media CEO Nat Turner. People familiar with the transaction say Google’s plan is to leave Invite running as a standalone unit, which will work at arm’s length with exchange’s like Google’s AdX, as well as competitors like OpenX, Yahoo’s (YHOO) Right Media and Microsoft’s (MSFT) AdECN. That makes sense, because ad buyers who use Invite, like Publicis’s Vivaki, expect to be able to buy inventory from multiple exchanges. But over time, Google does plan on investing in Invite and integrating it with DoubleClick for Advertisers, its ad-serving technology. Invite users wouldn’t be required to use DFA, but the two would be designed to match up seamlessly, sources said. It will be interesting to see what becomes of Invite’s competitors, like MediaMath, Turn and X+1, in the wake of this deal. Venture capitalists have poured money into demand-side platforms in recent years, but I’ve heard increasing skepticism about valuations those investors are seeking. And now the most obvious buyer, with the deepest pockets, is off the table. Turner and his co-founders started Invite Media when they were still undergraduates at the University of Pennsylvania; the company has offices in Philadelphia and New York City. Investors include Comcast’s (CMCSA) venture arm and First Round Capital. Invite had previously considered selling to Omniture last summer, but that deal went away after Adobe (ADBE) purchased the analytics company. Tagged with: ad technology, AdECN, Adobe, advertising, AdX, Comcast, demand-side platform, DFA, digital, display, DoubleClick for Advertisers, Exchange, First Round Capital, Google, Internet, Invite Media, MediaMath, MediaMemo, Microsoft, Nat Turner, New York City, Omniture, OpenX, Peter Kafka, Philadelphia, platform, Publicis, Right Media, search, software, VivaKi, Yahoo Twitter Asks You How You Use Twitter While You Watch TV, While You’re Watching TV and Using Twitter (Almost) No One Is Reading Your Tweets Happy Holidays! Facebook Stuffs More Ads in Its Stockings. Music-Discovery Service ExFM Pulls the Plug Netflix Doesn’t Have the Market Cornered on Binge TV: Zombies + Walter White Help AMC Win the Fall VOD War Just as the atom bomb was the weapon that was supposed to render war obsolete, the Internet seems like capitalism’s ultimate feat of self-destructive genius, an economic doomsday device rendering it impossible for anyone to ever make a profit off anything again. It’s especially hopeless for those whose work is easily digitized and accessed free of charge. — Author Tim Kreider on not getting paid for one’s work	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2734
__label__wiki	0.535226	0.535226	DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.3dj.5.4.26 Nikbin A, Mohtavipour S T, Javadzadeh Haghighat A S, dashtyari S, Talebzadeh M. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: New image findings. 3dj. 2016; 5 (4) :26-27 Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: New image findings Ava Nikbin *1, Seiedeh Tahereh Mohtavipour2, Alieh Sadat Javadzadeh Haghighat2, Saeed Dashtyari3, Mohammad Talebzadeh3 1- Dentistry Student Research committee(DSRC) 2- Oro-maxillofacial developmental diseases research center 3- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Keywords: Fibrous dysplasia, Polyostotic, Cone-beam computed tomography Full-Text [PDF 515 kb] (706 Downloads) \| Abstract (HTML) (1566 Views) Full-Text: (584 Views) Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion that affects craniofacial bones including the maxilla and mandible. In the most cases of fibrous dysplasia of facial bones, radiographic findings represent lucent or mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion with ill-defined borders and gradual blending of its border with adjacent bone. In this presentation, a patient suffering from Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia with different radiographic findings has been reported. Fibrous dysplasia, Polyostotic, Cone-beam computed tomography A 10-year-old girl was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Poursina hospital complaining of progressive asymmetric painless swelling of the left side of the maxilla. Extraoral examinations revealed expansile non-tender and bony hard lesion in palpation, This lesion was not painful. Intraoral examination showed expansile alveolar ridge in the left side of the maxilla which was covered with normal mucosa. Laboratory tests were ordered. Panoramic view and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), were also requested. Hematological and biochemistry tests were also ordered in this case. Results of these tests were in the normal range. Panoramic radiography showed opacification of canine fossa and premolar region in the left side of the maxilla. There were two unerupted teeth (canine and second premolar) in this region. Tooth displacement was not evident (Figure 1). CBCT was recommended for better evaluation and localization of the lesion. According to the CBCT (in cross-sectional, coronal and axial view), a well-defined expansile mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion in the left side of the maxilla was obvious, also sphenoid bone and pterygoid plate in the left side were opacified.(Figure 2 and 3) Additionally, there is no evidence of tooth resorption or tooth displacement. On the basis of these radiographic findings fibro-osseous lesions such as fibrous dysplasia and central ossifying fibroma were considered as differential diagnosis. Therefore, the patient was referred to the surgical department. Treatment was pursued by excisional biopsy, reshape of the bony lesion, and follow-up process. Unfortunately, swelling in the left side of maxilla was seen after one year fallow-up. Microscopic view determined irregular shaped woven bone without osteoblastic rim in a cellular fibrous stroma. Artifactual cleft around the bony trabeculae was present and there is no evident of necrosis, hemorrhage, atypia, mitotic figure or malignancy. Histopatologic findings revealed fibro- osseous lesion, compatible with clinical and radiographic findings of fibrous dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a developmental disorder of growing bones with unknown etiology. It occurs in two distinct forms: polyostotic and monostotic. Polyostotic form involves several bones and accounts for 30% of the cases. Monostotic form is found predominantly in children and young adult before the age of 30 years, involves a single bone and constitutes 70% of cases but Polyostotic form is commonly seen in children younger than 10 years old.(1,2) FD could also be classified as solitary or multiple (Jaffe type). Multiple type includes MacCune-Albright Syndrome with specific signs including café au lait spots and hypo-function of one or several endocrine glands.(3) Fibrous dysplasia is equally distributed in both genders, except in those patients suffering from MacCune-Albright Syndrome, which affects females almost exclusively.(4) As discussed before, the case study of this research was a teenage female. With regard to the normality of laboratory tests and pathologic investigations, Jaffe-Lichtenstein was diagnosed. This disease may result in hearing disturbance, visual complications, tooth displacement, and facial asymmetry. (4) However, in this case, hearing disturbance and visual complications were not evident. Fibrous dysplasia involves the maxilla twice as often as the mandible.(5, 6) It occurs more often in the posterior region. Lesions are commonly unilateral excluding the very rare extensive lesions of the maxillofacial region, which are bilateral. Fibrous dysplasia is said to occur more readily in membranous bones and involvement of ethmoid and sphenoid is uncommon as they are cartilaginous.(5) Although sphenoid bone and pterygoid plate are uncommon sites for involvement, which was seen in this case study. The main radiographic feature was a fine groundglass opacification that results from superimposition of a myriad of poorly-calcified bone trabeculae arranged in a disorganized pattern.(6) The radiographic features of the lesion are highly dependent on bony components and fibrous tissue in the affected site. These specifications are divided into three different subtypes; pagetoid (56%), sclerotic (23%), and radiolucent (21%).(7) Sclerotic subtype, which is highly engaged in the facial region, was seen in this patient. Radiolucent and pagetoid subtypes are generally seen in Calvarium bones, which is compatible with our findings. Most commonly, in radiographic view, the periphery of FD lesions is ill-defined, with gradual blending of normal trabecular pattern into abnormal trabecular pattern. Possibly, the boundary between normal pattern and the lesion appears sharp and even corticated especially in young lesions. Plain radiograph shows that the lesion is not well circumscribed. Although the major cases of fibrous dysplasia radiographic findings represent lesions with ill-defined borders and gradual blending(2), 3D assessment of the case study of the involved regions with CBCT displays well-defined corticated lesions with sharp border. Radiographic findings are important in diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia due to the similarity of the histopathologic pattern of fibro-osseous lesions. This well-defined radiographic pattern can be the result of accurate assessment of the involve bone with CBCT versus plain radiographic view. In addition, sphenoid bone and pterygoid plate involvement is well specified, but plain radiographic view wasn’t useful for detection of all involved site. Although CBCT alone is insufficient in the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, it is the imaging method of the choice because of it’s most accurate evaluation of the bony details. CBCT and MRI is useful for assessment of the conservative effects of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia on and the neural and vascular canals and paranasal sinuses.(8-10) In this case study, neural and vascular foramen involvement were not evident. Lesions including traumatic bone cyst , central giant cell granuloma and aneurismal bone cyst can be occur in mature lesion of fibrous dysplasia.(3) Therefore, diagnosis and follow-up are important with regard to the probable issues. In addition to the surgical procedure, bisphosphonate-based treatment to control the osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities of bone is another approach to cure fibrous dysplasia.(11-12) In this patient, follow-up process revealed recurrence of the lesion. Reshape and fallow-up the case reveals recurrency of the lesion so, prescription of these medicines can be used in next steps of treatment. Currently, having known the genetic base of this disease(12), there is hope for its final treatment. In conclusion, this case report showed that in rare cases, fibrous dysplasia can be seen with a well-defined, even corticated border, also involving of sphenoid bone is considerable in this case report. Therefore, after seeing this radiographic view, fibrous dysplasia should not be out of the mind. We would like to thank the following for their cooperation: employees of Velayat Hospital, with special thanks to Dr. Farnaz Dehabadi. Figure 1. Panoramic view reveals opacification of canine fossa and premolar region in the left side of maxilla. Figure 2. Cross-sectional view reveals well-defined mixed radiolucent radiopaque lesion in the left side of maxilla, which expanded buccal cortex in canine-premolar region. Figure 3. 3D (A), axial (B), and coronal view (C) reveal well-defined expansile radiopaque lesion in the left side of maxilla, sphenoid bone (A, B) and pterygoid plate (C).	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2735
__label__wiki	0.847628	0.847628	Walker VS Walker:The Final Straw? THE WALKER BROTHERS: SOLO JOHN/SOLO SCOTT E.P. Phillips BE 12597 U.K. 1966 Solo John: Sunny/Come Rain Or Come Shine Solo Scott: The Gentle Rain/Mrs. Murphy On a recent trip I scored a few 45's, this being one of them. Yes I don't buy vinyl anymore but there's always something fun in my Lisbon record goldmine(no names, a true anorak does not publically disclose his sources). I'd recently purchased the Scott Walker U.K. DVD documentary "30th Century Man" from Amazon.co.uk (which was waiting for me when I got home) and lo and behold this E.P. gets a mention in it! There's no point in running down any Walker Brothers history, anyone who knows about them will tell you Scott was the talented one. Scott gets the fame thanks to his solo career, Gary gets heavy duty street cred with me because of his amazing post-Walkers freakbeat band Gary Walker & The Rain (responsibile for an amazing but horribly rare Japanese only LP "Album No.1" and some equally cool 45's) and then there's John. What's John known for? Not being as talented. This E.P. was no doubt in some small way responsible for the rift in the band that led to their split right after their 3rd LP "Images". It's pretty much a given that Scott had the better voice of the three Walkers so it was a severe shot in the foot by whoever had decided that two Walkers be given separate billing on an E.P. Scott had just returned from the Quarr Monastery (where the press stated he'd gone to escape the pressures of life, Walker later stated in an interview a few years back that he'd gone there to learn Gregorian chants) and had been writing material which little by little was gaining a foothold in a band largely reliant on other's compositions. This E.P. would unveil one of his best Walker's tracks that was a window into his signature compositions on his four solo Lp's. John Maus's (nee Walker) opening E.P. cut, a version of Bobby Hebb's "Sunny" is pointless. The original (as well as a cover by Georgie Fame) were both previously U.K. hits. In fact Fame's version had just reached it's top position (#11) on the U.K. charts a few weeks before this E.P hit the streets. Maus's reading is bland and listless. It's only noteworthy item is the James Bond "007" melody/lick added after the main chorus. His other contribution, the lushly orchestrated "Come Rain Or Come Shine" is not so much as terrible, it's just god awful boring MOR crooner material and it's not helped by his vocal inability. Scott Engel's (nee Walker) contributions are FAR more noteworthy. To be fair and quite perfectly honest, Scott's first cut "The Gentle Rain" is equally boring MOR crooner pap despite sweeping strings (c/o the famous Reg Guest). The next and final cut of the E.P. is "Mrs. Murphy", a Scott Engel original which is well worth the price and sits as the crown jewel on this otherwise lackluster MOR E.P. It's spine tingling intro and sombre strings/woodwind backing is downright brilliant (akin to something on David Bowie's debut LP) with the trademark Walker Brother's Spector-esque tambourine, drums and bass thundering in after the first verse. The lyrics are akin to the social observations that would appear on his later solo work like "Montague Terrace" or "The Amorous Humphrey Plugg". "Mrs. Murphy" is lyrically snippets of apartment building gossip between tenants Mrs. Murphy and Mr. Wilson in a bleak style that evokes British b&w kitchen sink dramas like "A Taste Of Honey" complete with a married woman's (Mrs. Johnson) baby borne by a young man in the building ("poor Mr. Johnson being married to a wife who should be caged, it's the child who will suffer and to think that young man is half her age..."), a relationship that continues after the baby's birth as the last line betrays. Gritty stuff for 1966 England, especially from a band/artist who's audience were screaming teenyboppers more interested in grabbing a hunk or their hair or a scrap of the clothes than actually listening to the lyrics, an issue that would plague Mr. Engel through to his solo career. All four E.P. cuts appears as bonus tracks on the Phillips reissue CD of the Walker Brothers LP "Portrait". Hear "Mrs Murphy": https://youtu.be/5PBdIhlpNXE By Wilthomer - January 11, 2009 Labels: ScottWalker pop UK60s Freakbeat Troggs Covers Part One Of Bowie Men And Purple Pill Eaters........ God Bless Bam Caruso Part Two When Freakbeat Met Soul Unsung Great U.K. Psych Pop 45's	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2736
__label__cc	0.658905	0.341095	AVT Wins Business Development Award Applied Video Technology (AVT) is honored to be a recepient of the Phoenixville Regional Chamber of Commerce's 2015 Business Development Award. The award was given to a company that made a significant impact on the regional economy, aesthetically improved the appearance of their business location and showed interest and leadership in civic and community affairs. AVT met all of these critera with the construction and move to our new building in April of 2014. The Annual Awards Dinner was held on March 18, 2015 to recognize members of our community who dedicate countless hours to volunteer projects and community improvements. The sold out event, held at Phoenixville Country Club, included a cocktail hour, dinner, a State of the Chamber address, and an awards presentation for the eight recipients. In April 2014 Applied Video Technology (AVT) moved their new headquarters to the former C. Wilson & Sons Building in Kimberton, PA. In what was an abandoned building for many years, AVT’s owners Bruce and Buffy MacLelland, designed and renovated the building to accommodate their 25 person business. During the renovation, Bruce and Buffy created an impressive mix of new technology with materials and textures from the original building, including the historic and well-known C. Wilson & Sons lettering from the front of the building. The new building has had a significant impact not only with the improved aesthetic appearance of the building but in the local community as well, bringing employees, vendors and customers into the area that had never before been to Kimberton or Phoenixville. In addition to the office space at the building, in November 2014 renovations were completed on the Kimberton Conference Center on the first floor of the AVT building. The Conference Center has already hosted several local community events and has been offered to non-profit organizations throughout the community to host meetings as well as use the space for AVT produced videos to promote their organization and events free of charge. NDI Madness at AVT Your IP Video Future Digital Media Fair Keynote Speech Vantage for Social Media Webinar LiveU and AVT Present: HD Quality Live Video Streaming to Facebook 2016 Spring Video Showcase Seminar Schedule Announced for Production Showcase Nureva February Demo Days Nureva Demo Day AVT Fall Seminar Series SMPTE Meeting AVT Technology Showcase - May 21st How To Produce and Stream Live Video for Sports AVT AV Garage Sale How to Produce and Live Stream a Multi-Camera Production featuring NewTek TriCaster Training JVC GY-HM890 and GY-HM850 Product Introduction Lunch and Learn AVT Acquisition to Archive Seminar Digital Media Event Video Production Workflow Seminar Sony Camera Lunch and Learn	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2739
__label__cc	0.527361	0.472639	Bangor Veterinary Hospital Bangor Maine Pet Care Xylitol -The Sugar Substitute Which Can Kill Dogs by John Gilpatrick Dog owners know the dangers that foods like chocolate, garlic, onions, and grapes pose to their canine companions’ health; foods that are harmless to most people. Another common substance that’s harmless to most humans but potentially life-threatening if consumed by dogs is xylitol—a sugar alcohol that is used as a sugar substitute in many human foods. But for dogs, xylitol poisoning is a major problem, according to Ahna Brutlag, DVM, associate director of veterinary services at Pet Poison Helpline. Brutlag says ingesting xylitol causes a rapid and massive insulin release in dogs, which will manifest itself outwardly to a pet owner as acute weakness, staggering, and vomiting. “Within 15 to 20 minutes, they might even be comatose,” she adds, and depending on the amount consumed, a dog can also experience liver failure from ingesting xylitol. According to the Poison Pet Helpline, cases involving xylitol ingestion are increasing rapidly. In 2009, they were consulted on approximately 300 cases, while in 2015, that number increased to 2,800. Read on for more about what foods xylitol is found in to learn why these cases are multiplying and what you can do to respond appropriately if it happens to your dog. Xylitol in Gum If a gum is labeled as sugar-free, that should be a warning sign for xylitol, though various gums can have vastly different amounts of xylitol. “One or two pieces of certain gums can cause serious problems, while ingesting ten pieces of another gum can be fine for your dog,” Brutlag says. “It all depends on the xylitol dosage.” Some gums—like Spry—plainly advertise themselves as containing xylitol because it’s good for your teeth and for diabetics. Meghan Harmon, DVM, is a clinical instructor for emergency and critical care at the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine. She co-authored a 2015 study in the Journal of Veterinary and Emergency Care that retroactively evaluated cases of xylitol ingestion in nearly 200 canines. She lists Stride, Trident, and Orbitz as other gums containing differing amounts of xylitol and echoes Brutlag, saying it’s critically important to know what kind of gum was ingested, how much your pet has ingested, and how long it’s been since he or she ingested it in order to appropriately treat the problem. “Most dogs we looked at were hospitalized, usually for about 18 hours,” she says. Dextrose is typically administered as quickly as possible in order to bring the canine’s blood sugar up. Harmon says that as long as liver health appears normal, once they regain the ability to regulate their blood sugar levels by themselves, dogs are weaned off the dextrose and eventually released. Xylitol in Mouthwash and Toothpaste While not usually containing the same levels of xylitol as gum, dental health products tend to use this sugar substitute because of its appealing, sweet taste and its teeth-strengthening, plaque-fighting properties. The Pet Poison Helpline cites gum as the source of nearly 80% of cases involving xylitol. While gum manufacturers have the options of using other sugar substitutes, like erythritol and Stevia, xylitol is the only one experts know of that causes such adverse reactions in canines, according to both Brutlag and Harmon. Manufacturers of dental health products aren’t facing the same scrutiny as the food industry, meaning their share of xylitol cases may increase in the coming years. Xylitol in Baked Goods Because packaged xylitol can be bought in bulk at many food stores, baked foods are becoming a more common source of canine health emergencies. “It’s a good option for diabetics who like to bake,” she says. Similarly, you might find some already-made baked goods containing xylitol at bakeries and specialty stores. And because cupcakes and cookies have a lot more sweetener in them than mouthwash, a pet that consumes a baked good packed with xylitol is in danger of facing a life-threatening situation. “You need to call your vet or the Pet Poison Helpline immediately,” Brutlag says. “Give them as much information as you can. Depending on the severity, they may suggest feeding [the dog] syrup or honey—something sweet to help keep their blood sugar up temporarily while you drive to seek emergency help.” Xylitol in Sugar-free Groceries Xylitol is found in trace amounts in many fruits and vegetables, but because it’s occurring naturally and in such small amounts in these cases, it’s hardly ever a problem for pets, Brutlag says. On the other hand, many grocery stores have started carrying sugar-free foods like ketchup, peanut butter, protein bars, pudding, and more that contain xylitol as one of their primary ingredients. Harmon even says there is a brand called Zapp! that manufactures condiments, sauces, and other groceries that are marketed primarily on their being made with xylitol. “In this case, it’s very clearly labeled,” she says, “but in most other instances, you’ll need to check the ingredients list on the label to know if something sugar-free is made with xylitol or some other substitute.” And in some cases, products that are not labeled as sugar-free still contain xylitol. It is important to always carefully read the entire ingredient list of any food before giving it to your dog. Xylitol in Medications Brutlag says most medications that contain xylitol are of the “meltaway” variety. These accounted for 12 percent of xylitol cases referred to a veterinary emergency facility, according to the Pet Poison Helpline—the second most behind gum. You also might see xylitol in some medications containing melatonin, liquid prescription products, and gummy vitamins. Xylitol in Lotions, Gels, and Deodorants You’re probably thinking, “Wait, why does my deodorant contain an artificial sweetener?” Fair question. “Xylitol has humectant properties,” Brutlag explains. “This means it can help a product retain moisture, which makes it perfect for products like this.” Brutlag says this is a relatively new development, meaning even many veterinarians aren’t aware of the dangers of dogs digesting deodorants—at least when it comes to xylitol. As with everything on this list, it’s best to keep such products in a cabinet or on a high shelf—completely out of reach of your four-legged friends. This article was verified and edited for accuracy by Dr. Jennifer Coates, DVM Source: https://www.petmd.com/dog/emergency/poisoning-toxicity/6-dangerous-and-surprising-items-contain-xylitol Disease Specific Tick-Born K9 Epilepsy General Education Links Internation Veterinary Information Service International Animal Transport Regs Hawaii Export Anesthesia and Pain Management Client Education Links Vet Partner Pet Health Topics Library Veterinary Medical Database (OFA, etc)	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2751
__label__wiki	0.822017	0.822017	Auto Motor Buzz >Car > Performance Auto Motor Buzz Search: Car > Performance Receive the "Performance" Newsletter by email Orange You Rad: Hotted-Up Lexus GS F and RC F Go Full Orange 3 years ago - By Car and Driver Two of the headline cars for Lexus at SEMA were a pair of super-orange siblings, an RC F coupe and a GS F sedan . The matched set was customized by Gordon Ting/Beyond Marketing, and featured several upgrades underneath their vivid orange wraps. - The RC F coupe sports custom bodywork that actually seems toned down compared to the stock version. Or is that us? Okay, maybe until you get to the giant rear wing. The rolling stock consists of Sporting Rays Engineering Volk Racing TE-37 wheels, in an Ultra-Matte-Blue Gunmetal finish. The size is 20-by-10 up front and 20-by-12 at the rear, and... 2016 Chevrolet Colorado Diesel: First Drive 3 years ago - By The Car Connection If you're one of those guys who's a little turned off by ever more cumbersome, oversized full-size trucks, the 2016 Chevrolet Colorado Diesel, at least at first glance, looks like the sensible truck that puts a stop to the insanity. It's easy to see why for some people, today's full-size trucks don't make the... This Nissan Juke Is a Life-Size Origami Paper Sculpture Some designs are said to have started with a clean sheet of paper, but here is one that started with many such sheets: a full-size Nissan Juke model that is comprised entirely of folded pieces of paper, created by an origami artist in Britain. - The total count for pieces of paper folded for the project was more than 2000, an endeavor that took British paper artist Owen Gildersleeve more than 200 hours. The project's unveiling coincides with World Origami Days, which as you may know, are October 24 through November 11. It was done to commemorate the Juke's fifth anniversary in the U.K... Performance Racing Wheels Sedan GT Coupe Lexus Aero Falken Bridgestone Chevrolet Truck People Nissan Car Video Volkswagen Old Crow Ford Mustang, Mercedes-AMG CLA45, new Buick crossover: Today's Car News A one-off 2019 Ford Mustang GT honoring World War II flying ace Bud Anderson will be auctioned off for charity. The car has been developed with Roush and Ford Performance and... Lexus developing electric-car platform, considering in-wheel motors Electric cars are winning over even the most skeptical of automakers. Last month, Toyota announced it was teaming up with Subaru to develop a dedicated electric platform for a... Lotus Reveals All-New All-Electric 2000 HP Hypercar In recent times, Lotus has been on the down-low. They have only really stuck with their two models the Evora and the Exige. Last night, however, Lotus launched a brand new... Next-generation Fiat 500e electric car arrives for Europe in 2020 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles has announced plans to build up to 80,000 copies of a new electric Fiat 500 at the company's Mirafiori, Italy, factory starting in 2020. The company's... BMW M won't build a hot 1-Series to challenge Audi RS 3, Mercedes-AMG A45 BMW in May unveiled a new generation of its 1-Series hatchback, which we won't see in the United States. The car has dropped the rear-wheel-drive layout of its predecessors and... Move over Bugatti: Lotus Evija electric hypercar proves the British outfit... Ever since Geely took control of the small British sports car manufacturer Lotus, we've waited to see the fruits that partnership. Our interest we further piqued last yearn... The Mid-Engined 2020 C8 Chevrolet Corvette Will Debut As A Stringray The General Motors-built sports car will launch with the famous 'Stingray' name on its rump 2020 Mercedes-AMG GT R Pro priced from ‭$200,645 Mercedes-AMG used the 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show to introduce its updated 2020 GT sports car range, and among the fleet was a new flagship model: the GT R Pro. The...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2755
__label__cc	0.686651	0.313349	Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Blog RSS Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Blog Archive for the ‘Chemistry World articles’ Category Organic chemistry’s complexity conundrum Organic synthesis is often heralded as more art than science. An organic chemist’s eye for complexity, breaking down structures into simpler forms, is honed and nurtured over decades. But, is it possible to take this seemingly intangible skill and quantify it, putting a simple number on how complex a chemical structure actually is? Process chemists Martin Eastgate and Jun Li, at Bristol-Myers Squibb (B-MS) in the US have developed a tool to do just that, generating a unique index they have termed a molecule’s ‘current complexity’, which also accounts for changes over time due to the impact of new technologies. Read the full Chemistry World story» Read the original Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry article – it’s free to access until 2nd July: Current complexity: a tool for assessing the complexity of organic molecules Jun Lia and Martin D. Eastgate Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C5OB00709G Cyanide test for cassava A new sensing system that changes colour to indicate if a cassava-based foodstuff is safe to eat by checking for hydrogen cyanide has been devised by researchers in Switzerland and Mozambique. Cassava, an edible root that grows well in poor conditions, is the third largest source of calories for people in the tropics. However, as a self-defence mechanism against attack from pests and predators, cassava releases hydrogen cyanide upon damage to its cells. Sun-drying, fermentation and other traditional processing techniques can successfully eliminate the hydrogen cyanide but it may remain and cause a variety of illnesses, including tropical ataxic neuropathy and epidemic spastic paraparesis, if pre-consumption treatment is substandard….. Read the full article in Chemistry World» Read the original journal article in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry – it’s free to access until 4 December: Corrin-based chemosensors for the ASSURED detection of endogenous cyanide Felix Zelder and Lucas Tivana DOI: 10.1039/C4OB01889C How green tea helps lower cholesterol ECG and EGCG (shown) fit into triangular binding pockets within three different enzymes to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis Green tea is good for you, but why? Scientists in China are trying to answer one aspect of this huge question by pinpointing which components of green tea help lower cholesterol levels, as well as how they do it. Green tea has been used in traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries and many studies have demonstrated its numerous health benefits, including its positive action against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenolic compounds constitute most of green tea’s chemical content and have been linked to the disruption of cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo. However, there are so many different compounds in green tea that it has been difficult to work out which ones are active and exactly how these affect biological function. Jun Xu and colleagues at Sun Yat-Sen University tested the activity of three enzymes that are essential for cholesterol biosynthesis in vitro in the presence of four different polyphenols found in green tea. They found that two polyphenols, (–)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), could inhibit all three enzymes simultaneously, whereas the other two polyphenols had no effect. Read the full Chemistry World story, including expert comments, Download the paper for free until 12 June 2014: Mechanistic studies for tri-targeted inhibition of enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis by green tea polyphenols Oliver Kappe: Freedom to explore Oliver Kappe is professor of chemistry at the University of Graz in Austria. Research in the Kappe group focuses on enabling technologies for synthesis, including microwave and continuous flow methods. Read some of his recent work in OBC and Green Chemistry: A three step continuous flow synthesis of the biaryl unit of the HIV protease inhibitor Atazanavir Design and evaluation of improved magnetic stir bars for single-mode microwave reactors On the mechanism of the Dakin–West reaction Nanocatalysis in continuous flow: supported iron oxide nanoparticles for the heterogeneous aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol Direct aerobic oxidation of 2-benzylpyridines in a gas–liquid continuous-flow regime using propylene carbonate as a solvent Can you tell us what inspired you to become a scientist? In my case it was pretty straightforward since my father was also a professor of organic chemistry at the University of Graz. It’s a family affair! What led you towards microwave chemistry in particular? At a conference in 1998 in Hungary I heard a lecture by Professor Rajender Varma, now at the US EPA, highlighting the benefits of doing organic chemistry under microwave conditions. At that time it was all kitchen microwaves, there was almost nothing else available. That same year we started our collaboration and the following year published our first joint paper together. I liked it so much that we continued in many different areas. We studied fundamental issues, such as the occurrence of special microwave effects, as well as the application of microwave chemistry in organic synthesis and fields like peptide chemistry, nanomaterials, polymer synthesis. And of course, finally, we looked at how to scale-up microwave chemistry. Expand to read more of this interview… Mutant enzymes help break cocaine habit An enzyme modified to hydrolyse cocaine 1000 faster than it did before could form the basis of the first medicinal treatment for cocaine addiction. Not only can the enzyme swiftly chop cocaine into inactive metabolites but modification of the enzyme has not affected its selectivity towards other natural substrates. A treatment for cocaine abuse could be on the horizon © Shutterstock Cocaine is one the most widely used illegal drugs in the world. Unlike many other commonly abused substances, there are no proven medications available to treat cocaine addition. The health consequences of cocaine abuse are severe and addicts can cause significant societal problems. Finding an addiction treatment is therefore of the utmost importance. Substrate selectivity of high-activity mutants of human butyrylcholinesterase Chang-Guo Zhan et al. Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013, Advance Article DOI: 10.1039/C3OB41713A Hydrogel treatment targets tumours Hydrogels of cancer drug taxol injected directly into tumours have been shown to be more effective at inhibiting tumour growth than intravenous taxol injections of four times the dosage. Taxol is used to treat many forms of cancer, including breast, lung and ovarian cancer. Its administration is typically every three weeks by intravenous injection and it can take several hours to achieve the required dose. Hydrogels have great potential to reduce the dosing frequency of chemotherapy. They can hold exceptionally high drug loadings that are released in a controlled and sustained manner. However, synthesising such hydrogels is complex, ultimately resulting in low yields. Zhimou Yang and fellow researchers at Nankai University in China have successfully simplified the synthesis of taxol hydrogels. Their hydrogel contains taxol conjugated to folic acid. The folic acid facilitates tumour targeting as many cancer cells have folic acid receptors so the hydrogels will sustainably release their taxol cargo through ester bond hydrolysis at the site of cancer cells. Read the full article on Chemistry World. Disulfide bond reduction-triggered molecular hydrogels of Folic acid-Taxol conjugates Chengbiao Yang et al. DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40969D Antigenic sugars identified for Chagas disease Scientists in the US and Spain have synthesised the combinations of sugars from the surface of the Chagas disease parasite that trigger the human immune response to it. This could help establish better diagnostic tests for the disease, and even a vaccine. The triatomine beetles that transmit Chagas disease are known as kissing bugs because they tend to feed on people’s faces Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite is transmitted by contaminated food, blood transfusions and blood sucking beetles commonly known as kissing bugs. After a phase of acute local infection, the disease becomes chronic and can eventually lead to life-threatening heart and digestive system disorders. Already endemic in Latin America, Chagas disease is also becoming more of a health issue in Europe and the US with blood banks now screening for it. Currently, Chagas diagnosis involves spotting the parasite during microscopic investigation of blood samples or checking to see if antibodies in blood samples of infected patients bind to a lysate of Chagas parasites, but these tests are not very sensitive. As treatment is only effective at the acute stage of infection, better diagnostics are highly desirable. The surface of the parasite is garnished with unusual sugars, but until now it has not been clear which ones elicit antibodies to the parasite. Sugar chemist Katja Michael and glycobiologist Igor Almeida from the University of Texas at El Paso and colleagues have synthesised combinations of α-galactose sugars from the Chagas parasites’ surface to solve the mystery. Sera of blood samples from infected patients were added to fluorescent immunoassays of the different sugar combinations. The assay revealed the disaccharide Galα(1,3)–Galβ as the immunodominant glycotope on the parasite’s cell surface. Potential use of synthetic α-galactosyl-containing glycotopes of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi as diagnostic antigens for Chagas disease R A Ashmus et al DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40887F A chemical approach to biological antifreeze Scientists in New Zealand and the US have synthesised a protein that helps inhibit ice crystal growth in Antarctic fish. Antifreezes are chemical additives used to lower the freezing point of water. While ethylene glycol is widely used in motor vehicles, it is too toxic for use in foodstuffs. Antifreeze proteins are a non-toxic alternative and are currently added to some brands of ice cream to improve the ice cream’s texture by controlling the growth of ice crystals. A 132 amino acid protein called antifreeze potentiating protein (AFPP) was recently identified in Antarctic fish. AFPP enhances the antifreeze effects of known antifreeze glycoproteins by binding to ice crystals, but is difficult to isolate and purify in quantities sufficient for more widespread use. A chemical synthesis of AFPP would enable the large-scale production of AFPP. It would also give researchers a way to make labelled versions of AFPP for further studies Margaret Brimble and Clive Evans at the University of Auckland, and their co-workers, have devised a convergent chemical strategy to prepare AFPP. A solubilising tag to improve the handling and purification of intermediate peptides was used in the synthesis as AFPP is not very soluble in aqueous solution and prone to aggregation. Read the full story on Chemistry World Chemical synthesis of a masked analogue of the fish antifreeze potentiating protein (AFPP) Sung-Hyun Yang, Joanna M. Wojnar, Paul W. R. Harris, Arthur L. DeVries, Clive W. Evansd and Margaret A. Brimble DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41066h Free to access for 6 weeks! Never shut down another person’s ideas Vy Dong is a professor at the University of California at Irvine, US. Her group investigates better tools for organic synthesis, including new reagents, catalysts and strategies. What inspired you to study science? During university, I was interested in both the sciences and the humanities, and so I took an advanced English course. After long discussions on different ways to interpret the story, I was frustrated because the instructor would never say whose interpretation was the right one. This frustration solidified that science suited me better, because you can come up with creative proposals and there’s this opportunity to test them and see if they’re valid or not. What led you to chemistry in particular? Taking Larry Overman’s sophomore organic chemistry class at the University of California at Irvine was a big turning point for me. Before that I was studying a major between biology and social science, called applied ecology. Larry is an amazing teacher. A focus of your research is catalysis – could you tell us about a key project you’re running right now in your lab and why you find catalysis so attractive? One of the major projects in my group right now is focused on catalytic hydroacylation. We want to find ways to selectively activate aldehyde C–H bonds to synthesise ketones, esters and amides. Our goal is to use this C–H activation strategy as a unified approach to all sorts of different heterocycles and polyketides and be able to do this in a way that is regio-, enantio- and chemo-selective. There’s something very attractive about catalysis – you can get things to transform that normally wouldn’t by adding a bit of this magical powder. What would you say is the major challenge in catalysis? For my group, the challenge is: how do we bridge that gap from finding something that is novel in reactivity to something that’s going to be wide in applications? It is a difficult challenge, but inspiring to see how catalytic transformations, like metathesis or hydrogenation or cross-coupling, have changed the way people make molecules. Where do you look for ideas? I wish there was a journal we could just flip through. Initially I worried that coming up with ideas was impossible, but new ideas pop up all the time through interactions with my students. My students will suggest something and I’ll suggest something else and this going back and forth is what generates and refines our ideas. It’s important for both sides to never shut down the other person’s ideas, but rather build upon them. One of my students suggested an experiment and instead of saying ‘that’s known with a different catalyst, let’s not do it,’ I said ‘sure, try it and see what happens.’ The result was not what either of us expected. Instead of saying ‘well, this result is interesting but maybe not that interesting,’ we tried to realise the potential in the result, thinking of all the possible ways that we could take it in different directions. That’s how we got started on the ketone hydroacylation project! Read the full story on Chemistry World. Thalidomide teams-up with turmeric to kill myeloma cells Cancer researchers in the US and China have combined the turmeric spice pigment curcumin and the drug thalidomide to create hybrid compounds that can kill multiple myeloma cells. Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer, killing 20% of affected patients each year. The drug thalidomide, banned after causing birth defects when given during pregnancy in the 1950s, was recently rediscovered and approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Thalidomide works by disturbing the microenvironment of tumour cells in bone marrow. However, it disintegrates in the body. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from the common spice turmeric, is also active against cancers, including myeloma, but is limited by its poor water solubility. Shijun Zhang at Virginia Commonwealth University, US, and colleagues, have synthesised compounds combining structural features from both thalidomide and curcumin. ‘The hybrids have enhanced solubility, and higher toxicity against myeloma cells than curcumin, thalidomide, or a mixture of both,’ explains Zhang, ‘so our design rational is going in the right direction.’ Zhang says the hybrids kill myeloma cells through combined mechanisms of action that include the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle inhibition. K Liu et al, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40595h You are currently browsing the archives for the Chemistry World articles category. 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__label__cc	0.733563	0.266437	Selected Short Stories from Shaking Hands with Billy: Anthills and Airfields By Anthony Turton on 2014/08/06 03:16 AM The assault moves in under cover of darkness. My troop is to the left of the axis of advance, careful to avoid the wetland that we know exists at the far end of the runway which is our designated primary target. We navigate off the burning tower, so as to keep the radio net clear for more urgent traffic. The driver knows what to do as he synchronises his actions with the crew commander and gunner. “Alpha Group move now, out!” comes the command over the network. That is us, so we move, careful not to advance faster than the vehicles on each side of us, the driver navigating through his periscopes off the burning tower visible in the clear night air. As we move, the Bravo Group is stationary alongside, laying down covering fire of both 90 HE and Browning. “Bravo Group move now, out”, comes the order from the squadron commander. Silently the well trained crew stops in position, the driver looking for cover as appropriate to present the lowest possible profile for an RPG counter-attack, the gunner... Anthony Turton's Personal War In Angola WARBLOG	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2765
__label__wiki	0.524387	0.524387	This Ain’t the Same Old Range (Bob Nolan) The scenes have changed across the range since long ago. There’s miles of rails and crossroad trails that I don’t know. But now my days are numbered here and I don’t care. My old gang’s waiting just beyond the rolling clouds up there. This ain’t the same old range. Everything seems to change. Where are the pals I used to ride with? Gone to a land so strange. Each night I see my old pals where the bright moon climbs, Roundin’ up the shooting stars that stray sometimes, Then brand them right and tie them tight so they can’t fall To some far place in empty space and ne’er be found at all. ‘Twas just beyond that little knoll that Cody died. I still can hear him calling to me, “Howdy, Bill.” And there he stands, a vision to my tired eyes. He asks me if I’d like to join the riders in the skies. "This ain’t the Same Old Range", still a favorite with those who regret the passing of the western music era, was first used in the Starrett western, Cattle Raiders. Even today the song brings a sense of weariness and loss - loss of good friends, happier times, freedom – and is often used to close a program of western music. It was recorded by the Sons of the Pioneers for RCA Victor and for radio transcriptions. The song has been recorded by other artists and perhaps Ken Curtis' rendition is the most plaintive of all. But the recording for RCA in 1957, the one you are listening to with Bob reciting the last two verses, is the most moving. The song was registered for copyright on February 16, 1938 and the sheet music was included in "Bob Nolan’s Folio of Original Cowboy Classics No. 1", © 1939, AMERICAN MUSIC, INC. Recordings: Cattle Raiders 1938 Orthacoustic "Symphonies of the Sage" 1940 NBC Thesaurus Lucky U series 1951 11 05 RCA Victor 1957 Ken Curtis Chords courtesy of Carlos Fiorelli "Bob Nolan’s Folio of Original Cowboy Classics No. 1", © 1939, AMERICAN MUSIC, INC. Orthacoustic "Symphonies of the Sage" (064353) 10-2-4 Ranch #165 Show Date: 02/05/43 (01) Teleways Transcriptions: #49-115-153-203 Lucky U Program courtesy of Larry Hopper: 5 November 1951. Transcription Disc TR-71, 72	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2767
__label__cc	0.655615	0.344385	Business Mag Economy - Finance Business Mag >Economy - Finance > Savings Business Mag Search: Economy - Finance > Savings Receive the "Savings" Newsletter by email 20 of the best men's dress shoes and boots available during Nordstrom's Anniversary Sale 4 days ago - By Business Insider The Nordstrom Anniversary Sale officially beings on July 19, but Nordstrom cardholders can gain early access from July 12 to July 18. Simply sign in and shop using your Nordstrom credit card. Shopping during the early-access sale rather than the public sale will give you first dibs on the best items in the sale. You won't have to worry about items being sold out or sizes being unavailable. Shoes are usually one of the first categories to sell out, so to help you get the styles, colors, and sizes you want, we rounded up the best dress shoe and boot deals. Nordstrom's Anniversary Sale is... Nordstrom cardholders have early access to the Anniversary Sale right now - here are the 55 best deals to shop before they sell out Nordstrom's Anniversary Sale is one of the biggest savings events you'll see this summer. Shoppers can find brand new products at sale prices, all from top name brands and at discounted prices. This year, the Anniversary Sale will run from July 19 to August 4. If you're a Nordstrom cardholder , you can shop the sale's early access deals as early as July 12. We've sifted through tons of deals from the sale and cherry-picked 55 that we think you'll love. Whether you're looking for a specific purchase or just some inspiration, check out 55 of the best deals you can find at the Nordstrom... Savings Credit Sale Credits Rights World Right The headlines of Business Mag HOLD FAMILY A multiplayer network game for families Spend more time with your family and less with your phone with the Hold Family app made by us! :) SØVN Modern sleep tracking study The Søvn app is a modern sleep tracker made by us for Bryggen Research AS! #mobile #iOS #android #portfolio China's debt tops 300% of GDP, constituting 15% of all global debt - report A report from the Institute of International Finance has shown rising debt levels worldwide. The world's second-largest economy China's debt exceeded 303 percent of gross... Taylor Host has been operating his artificial intelligence startup out of Hong Kong for more than two years. The American entrepreneur has clients from Europe, North America... Millennials say real estate investing is one of the best ways to build... A Bankrate survey found that real estate is millennials' favorite way to invest for the long term. Buying and managing a rental property is a good way to produce passive... Opendoor and Lime-backer Fifth Wall just raised $500 million in new funding... Fifth Wall Ventures, a proptech-focused venture capital firm, said on Wednesday it has raised $503 million for its second fund. "Proptech" encompasses a diverse range of... How to consolidate credit card debt to streamline your payments and lower... Consolidating credit card debt means taking out one new loan to replace multiple loans, and consolidate them into a single monthly payment that's preferably at a lower interest... Bank of America Merrill Lynch beats Wall Street forecasts with record... Bank of America Merrill Lynch reported record second-quarter earnings Wednesday that beat analysts' profit expectations. Watch Bank of America Merrill Lynch trade live . Bank... I used credit card points to stay at $1,000-a-night luxury hotel for free... The Miraval Arizona Resort & Spa offers everything you could want in a high-priced yoga/meditation retreat, plus a ton of spa amenities. A vacation here is expensive: Each... Comments on June Housing Starts Earlier: Housing Starts at 1.253 Million Annual Rate in June Total housing starts in June were slightly below expectations, and starts for April and May were revised down. The... Goldman Sachs raises its price target for Apple, citing overall market momentum Goldman Sachs upgraded its Apple price target to $187 per share, up from $171, attributing the boost to updated calculations that reflect the S&P 500's price-to-earnings... These 8 stocks are the best bets for investors looking to crush the market... Analysts from RBC Capital Markets compiled a list of top environmental, social, and governance-based investment ideas. Companies included in the the firm's Global ESG Best... Contact Business Mag \| Tags \| RSS Feed \| Free Registration \| Log in	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2787
__label__cc	0.52225	0.47775	Artist Corner Qualified Subscriptions Email / Address Change Digital Magazine Subscription Video Center Trailers Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 In this sequel to the 2014 Guardians of the Galaxy film, Vol. 2 has the Guardians traveling throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his true parentage. The superhero film from Marvel Studios and Disney will be in theaters May 5, 2017. Other Trailers Videos ">Marvel Studios’ Avengers: Endgame hits US theaters on April 26th. Kevin Feige produces the feature, and Anthony and Joe Russo are the directors. Louis Disney’s live-action adaptation of Aladdin, directed by Guy Ritchie, will appear in theaters on May 24th. The film stars Will Smith, Mena Massoud and In Disney*Pixar's "Toy Story 4," we are introduced to some new toys as well as past favorites as Woody, Buzz, and the gang find themselves on a new ad The best intentions often come back to haunt you. Mission: Impossible - Fallout finds Ethan Hunt and his IMF team along with some familiar allies in a ... The globe-spanning conflict between otherworldly monsters of mass destruction and the human-piloted super-machines built to vanquish them was only a p Quadro RTX for Creators - Designing your future NVIDIA Quadro RTX is revolutionizing the way you create and produce content. Learn more Keep up with latest news By clicking the "Subcribe" button, you agree to sign up for the CGW Magazine e-newsletter, as well as to receive third-party promotions from our partners. CGW is the only publication exclusively serving the CG industry for over 40 years. Each month we deliver cutting-edge technology used in the latest animation, Vfx, 3D, Game Development, Film, CAD, and Medical Industry. © Copyright 2017 CGW Magazine. All Rights Reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2790
__label__wiki	0.968856	0.968856	‘Captain America’s Russo Brothers Produce First Chinese Film BY Fergus Ryan The directors of Captain America bring their first Chinese-language project to the screen with Journey To The Dream. Joe and Anthony Russo (Courtesy Facebook) The first Chinese-language film produced by the creative duo behind Marvel’s blockbuster Captain America franchise launched in Beijing on Thursday. Journey To The Dream (奇幻之旅) is the first film from Joe and Anthony Russo’s new venture Anthem Pictures, which is dedicated to creating Chinese-language films for release in China. Described as a “dream-like fable” the film stars Wang Dalu (王大陆) as the male lead, Song Jia (宋佳) in the female lead, as well as Cao Bingkun (曹炳琨), Ma Jingwu (马精武) and Elaine Jin (金燕玲). First-time director Zhang Chong (张翀) has previously worked as a producer on Phoenix Television and has co-written screenplays for 2010’s Driverless (无人驾驶) and 2012’s Full Circle (飞越老人院). Zhang described Journey To The Dream as having sci-fi, romance and comedic elements. The Russo brothers were unable to attend the opening ceremony in Beijing’s capital as they are currently shooting the next Avengers film in Atlanta, but sent a video message. Todd Makurath, who heads up Anthem Pictures was in attendance. “We are honored to serve as executive producers on this movie, we could not be more excited about it. We couldn’t be more proud of the screenplay,” Joe Russo said in the video. Anthony Russo said that director Zhang Chong had “written one of the best screenplays we’ve read in a long time and he has an amazing vision for the film that we’re very excited to support and help bring to audiences and bring to the screen.” Joining the brother’s Anthem Pictures International as producers are Black Ant Shanghai Entertainment 黑蚂蚁(上海)影业有限公司, Hehe（Shanghai）Pictures 和和(上海)影业有限公司, Alibaba Pictures Group 阿里巴巴影业集团有限公司 and Maxtimes Culture (TianJin) Films 麦特影视文化传媒（天津）有限公司. The film’s Chinese executive producer Liu Bo’s past credits include Chongqing Hotpot (火锅英雄), Cock and Bull (追凶者也) and What’s in the Darkness (黑处有什么). He has also worked on this year’s smash-hit The Mermaid (美人鱼) and the Renny Harlin-directed Jackie Chan starrer Skiptrace (绝地逃亡). In May, the brother directors announced they were joining with a Chinese production company to create a new Chinese superhero movie that local media dubbed “Captain China.” ‘Captain America’s Hollywood Directors to Co-produce a ‘Captain China’ In September, Chinese film producer and distributor Huayi Brothers Media Corp. announced it would invest US$250 million in a venture with the brother directors to produce and invest in English-language films. Huayi will own 60 percent of the venture, while the Russos will hold the rest. Captain America: Civil War (美国队长3), the latest installment in the Marvel franchise that the brothers directed, received a release in China simultaneous with its U.S. opening on May 6 this year, helping it to rake in $1.15 billion worldwide. TAGS "Captain America: Civil War", "Captain America", Journey to the Dream, Liu Bo, Russo Brothers, Zhang Chong About the author Fergus Ryan has worked in media, communications and marketing roles in China and Australia for close to a decade. Most recently, Fergus was a journalist for the News Corp. publications China Spectator and The Australian. He has also been published in The Guardian and Foreign Policy. Prior to that, Fergus worked on business development for the A-list star Li Bingbing at Huayi Brothers, and on celebrity engagement and social media for the WWF and DMG Entertainment. Headlines from China: Hainan Island Festival Launches Industry Section H!Market July 17, 2019 Headlines from China: Shanghai Launches 24-Hour Movie Theaters July 16, 2019 Live-streaming Platform Inke Acquires Social App Jimu for $85 Million July 16, 2019 Headlines from China: Chinese Animation Studio and Theme Park Giant Fanta Wild to Launch IPO July 15, 2019	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2792
__label__wiki	0.850726	0.850726	With: Jon Gries, Daryl Hannah, Garrett Morris, Adam Baldwin, Peggy Lipton, Anthony Edwards Written by: Michael Polish, Mark Polish MPAA Rating: R for language and sexuality Running Time: 97 Jackpot (2001) 3 1/2 Stars (out of 4) I never knew about the whole subculture of competitive Karaoke singing,at least until last year's Huey Lewis film Duets tried to do somethingwith it and failed. But it seems to be such a great, sleazy, desperateworld of people longing for fame and striving for it throughreinterpreting someone else's work. Now comes the new film Jackpot which works far better than Duets ever did. It's the second film from Michael and Mark Polish, the identical twin brothers who debuted in 1999 with the audacious Twin Falls Idaho. Jackpot actually refers to a town that's a stone's throw from Twin Falls, Idaho, and indeed the lost and sorry characters from both films seem to be inhabiting the same stretch of nowheresville. Jon Gries stars as the would-be George Jones with the unlikely moniker of Sunny Holiday. The nearly-forgotten original Not Ready for Prime Time Player Garrett Morris turns in a superb performance as his manager Lester. They both seem to have a lot to say about the progression of Sunny's career, but neither of them seem to be actually progressing anywhere. Lester pulls their heads together for quick prayers before each performance, and sports a wealth of musical knowledge. When he needs a song that's "slow but not too slow," he pulls out Billy Idol's "Eyes Without a Face," and recites the song's date and rank on the Billboard chart. After that performance, Sunny accompanies a star-struck groupie home and there discovers her nymphet daughter, who invites him into her room and bestows upon him a "blow job" by blowing on his navel. Embarrassed, Sunny mutters, "that's OK," and cradles the child's head in his chest. It's a hugely disturbing, but somehow lovely, scene and it's bound to be the film's centerpiece of discussion for months to come. We learn through quick flashbacks -- nothing more than snapshots really -- that Sunny left a stable job and a wife (Daryl Hannah) and daughter to pursue his fruitless dream. After a night of passion with a lovely barmaid (during which Sunny... er... performs badly), he attempts to sell his date a bottle of cleaning fluid. His patter is so practiced and professional and enthusiastic, we know that this must be his "real" calling. Toward the film's end, Sunny meets up with his brother (Anthony Edwards, stunningly out of character) who runs a motel, and the whole story finally gels. Strangely, Jackpot boasts quite a happy marriage of style and substance -- at least more comfortable than Sunny's marriage of love. Most movies become heavy in one direction or the other. But Gries and Morris are so good and so low that we latch onto them and their hopeless philosophies, while the Polish brothers feel comfortable enough leaving them there to go off and dazzle us with some amazing cutting or cinematography (by M. David Mullen). It's been a while that a movie has created a world so vividly and yet remained so conscious of its own existence. Perhaps it's the twin brother dynamic at work, one complimenting another. (Brother teams like the Coens, the Wachowskis and the Farrellys seem to be doing good work everywhere.) In any case, the Polishes have shattered their sophomore slump and delivered an even better film than their first. I look forward to more.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2796
__label__cc	0.574651	0.425349	Crosswind #1 Review Posted by Gearóid Ó Maoldomnaigh \| Jun 21, 2017 \| Comics, Image Comics \| 0 Written by: Gail Simone Art by: Cat Staggs Lettering by: Simon Bowland Published by: Image Comics What would happen if you mixed the fantasy shenanigans of Freaky Friday with the violent, criminal world of Goodfellas? The result is Crosswind, Gail Simone and Cat Staggs’ first creator-owned work from Image Comics. Together they bring us the story of a somewhat conflicted hitman and a housewife in an abusive relationship as they magically find they have switched bodies. The concept alone sounds awesome, but it is one that could easily go either way. Take itself too seriously and it runs the risk of being painfully unaware of its own ludicrousness. If they played it too much for laughs, then they might miss out on some of the character development that distinguishes the good from the great. Thankfully, the creative team have found their Goldilocks spot in this inaugural issue. Crosswind has is a book dripping in character, a testimony to the skill with which Simone and Staggs have constructed these protagonists. Character-depth should be the rule, rather than the exception, but sometimes its forgotten even in otherwise decent books. Cason and Juniper emerge from the pages as fully realised characters. We only get to glimpse their lives before they are magically swapped, but in those few moments we learn everything we need to know about them. For Cason, its his ruthlessness and growing indifference towards his job. He is in many ways the classic hitman, viewing himself as merely a professional, but even in this brief introduction we see the cracks are beginning to show. He is allowing himself to care and that leaves him vulnerable, but only just. The standout parts of the issue focus on Juniper. Her situation is harrowing and a damning condemnation of how we, as a society, treat women. It begins with her step-son not treating her with any modicum of respect. A common reaction for kids in those scenarios, but it merely serves as a baseline for how little those close to her appreciate her efforts. When she’s sexually harassed by the neighbour’s sons, its brushed off as if it were nothing, told not to take everything so seriously. Her partner expects and demands that she prepare a wonderful dinner for his boss. Rather than being appreciative, his requests are couched in terms such as “don’t f**k this up”. Everyone around her treats her as nothing short of a tool. Even other women, who you might expect to offer a word of kindness, enjoy nothing more than to comment sarcastically about her partner’s extramarital dalliances. Throughout this issue, we see Juniper putting up with everything that life throws her with a mask of disinterest, as if this should be considered normal. It is only in the quiet moments that it all becomes too much. It’s heart-breaking and devastatingly ordinary. Simone and Staggs recognise that the problem with sexism isn’t that its surprising, it’s that it isn’t. Staggs has outdone herself with photorealistic visuals that exemplify the stories noir qualities. Moreover, combined with her use of colours, the art manages to effectively distinguish the mundanity of suburbia with the fast-paced and seductive nature of a criminal empire. They may as well be different universes as far as the reader and characters are concerned. Equally as impressive is the creative panel composition that effortless guides the reader through the pages and creates some truly dynamic moments. Overlaying panels allow each scene to pop and facilitate some interesting representations of phone conversations. When required they convey the confusion and disorientation each of our protagonists feel as they emerge in their new bodies. It is cinematic in its flow, but uniquely suited to the comic medium. Crosswind is a clever, black-comedy that uses its premise to set up an arc for two uniquely interesting characters. It skilfully balances to darker elements with moments of levity and stunning character work that leaves the reader thoroughly empathetic. In the end, we are left with a tantalizing question: which one of our protagonists was more relieved by their switcheroo. This book doesn’t need cliff-hangers to get you hooked, all it needs is your time and it certainly deserves it. Overall: 8/10 PreviousSEGA Forever Launch Trailer NextRico Announcement Trailer Gearóid Ó Maoldomnaigh A mine of information, too bad most of it is useless. Bone Parish #1 Review Tangled: The Series #1 Review Harley Quinn: Harley Loves Joker #1 Review James Bond: Kill Chain #1 Review	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2799
__label__wiki	0.522038	0.522038	Active Shooter Awareness Emergency Alerts - Nixle You are here: Home > City Hall > Public Safety & Community Services > Emergency Preparedness Office Emergency Preparedness Office The Emergency Preparedness Division coordinates the City's emergency response, and providing training to the City's 20-member Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) team. The USAR team is an on-call group of dedicated employees who are trained to respond to disasters within the City such as power outages, severe rain storms, and other emergencies. Need sandbags? When applicable, sandbag information will be included in the news section. The City's state-of-the-art EOC facility was dedicated to Congresswoman Lucille Roybal-Allard in October 2014. The facility serves as the headquarters for first responders in an emergency, such as an earthquake or other major disaster. In addition to being resistant to fire and seismic activity, it features a fully integrated audio/visual and communications system. This allows staff to track progress on incidents and EOC functions like planning, finance, logistics, operations and public information. The facility is also equipped with an auxiliary power source, a back-up generator, additional space to execute EOC operations, and other emergency equipment and supplies. Commerce's first responders have a fully functional facility from which to conduct emergency response operations. The City also operates a mobile EOC outfitted with the necessary communications equipment to assist rescue workers in case of a disaster. The mobile EOC is used for a variety of routine functions including area policing and neighborhood watch operations. For more information about the City's Emergency Preparedness Division, please call (323) 722-4805, ext. 4460 Keeping Connected in an Emergency The City of Commerce is on Nixle, a mass communication system which sends emergency alerts, advisories and community information. Register your cell phone number now. Emergency Preparedness Information Learn how you and your family can prepare for an emergency by reviewing the following information: Drill- CA Shake Out Emergency Kit - 21 Weeks to Prepare Emergency Kit - Espanol Fact Sheet - Holiday Safety Fact Sheet - Smoke Alarms Information - Parents Information - People with Special Needs Information - Pet Owners Instructions - Evacuation Supply Kit Instructions - Creating a Disaster Supply Kit Instructions - Creating a Household Emergency Plan Introduction - Emergency Preparedness Quick Facts - Earthquake Preparedness Quick Facts - Fire Prevention Quick Facts - Hazardous Material Spills Quick Facts - Heat Exhaustion Centers for Disease Control & Prevention	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2802
__label__wiki	0.516308	0.516308	Leon Russell: ‘Elvis and Marilyn’ Leon Russell, the revered Oklahoma-born musician and singer-songwriter whose career spanned more than fifty years, died earlier this month aged 74. Best known for hits like ‘Delta Lady’ and ‘A Song For You’, he worked with Bob Dylan and the Rolling Stones, and more recently made an album with Elton John. His 1978 solo album, Americana, includes a track called ‘Elvis and Marilyn’, which was also a single. You can listen to it on Spotify. Robert Wagner: ‘The Marilyn I Knew’ Marilyn films a screen test with Robert Wagner, 1951 One of the last survivors of Hollywood’s golden age, Robert Wagner has written about Marilyn in his memoir, You Must Remember This, as well as providing the introduction to David Wills’ Marilyn – In the Flash. In his latest book, I Loved Her in the Movies: Memories of Hollywood’s Legendary Actresses, Wagner writes about her again, and an excerpt is published on the Town and Country website. “I have no horror stories to tell. I thought she was a terrific woman and I liked her very much. When I knew her, she was a warm, fun girl. She was obviously nervous about the test we did together, but so was I. In any case, her nervousness didn’t disable her in any way; she performed in a thoroughly professional manner. She behaved the same way in Let’s Make It Legal, the film we later made—nervous, but eager and up to the task. Years later, Marilyn began dropping by the house where Natalie [Wood] and I lived. Our connection was through Pat Newcomb, her publicist. I had known Pat since our childhood. She had also worked for me and often accompanied Marilyn to our house. I bought a car from Marilyn—a black Cadillac with black leather interior. Marilyn (at right) with Wagner’s second wife, Marion Marshall (second left) in ‘A Ticket to Tomahawk’ (1950) Marilyn had an innately luminous quality that she was quite conscious of—she could turn it on or off at will. The problem was that she didn’t really believe that it was enough. My second wife, Marion [Marshall] knew her quite well; she and Marilyn had modeled together for several years, and were signed by Fox at the same time, where they were known as ‘The Two M’s.’ Marion told stories about how the leading cover girls of that time would show up to audition for modeling jobs. If Marilyn came in to audition, they would all look at each other and shrug. Marilyn was going to get the job, and they all knew it. She had that much connection to the camera. When Marilyn died, Pat Newcomb was utterly devastated; Marilyn had been like a sister to her, a very close sister, and she took her death as a personal failure. Marilyn’s death has to be considered one of show business’s great tragedies. That sweet, nervous girl I knew when we were both starting out became a legend who has transcended the passing of time, transcended her own premature death.” Rachel Bloom’s ‘Crazy’ Marilyn Moment Comedienne Rachel Bloom has spoofed a classic Marilyn moment from Gentlemen Prefer Blondes in an episode of her musical sitcom, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (in which she plays Rebecca, a woman in the thrall of romantic delusions), reports the Los Angeles Times. You can watch the scene (from Season 2, Episode 3) in full here. “‘There was kind of a self-indulgent hubris, where she truly thinks she has two men in love with her,’ said Bloom of her quest to capture the sound of that romantic delusion musically. ‘She thinks she is the center of everything. That’s Diamonds Are a Girl’s Best Friend. That’s Marilyn Monroe. That’s a ’40s song where you’re surrounded by boys.’ So when inspiration struck, she did what any good songwriter on a deadline would do: She reached for her laptop that sat on her bamboo bath caddy and started jotting down lyrics. It wasn’t long before the show’s music producer, Adam Schlesinger, received a voicemail with Bloom’s bare-bones rendition of this week’s big musical number, ‘The Math of Love Triangles’, which finds Rebecca cooing in a baby-doll voice — a la Monroe in ‘Diamonds’ — about what a hardship it is to have two guys in love with her. ‘The hardest part of writing these songs is landing on the specific idea,’ Bloom said. ‘Once we’ve landed on it, then stuff starts rolling. And there’s editing and there’s tweaking and there’s rewriting. But there’s a kind of rolling down the hill that you feel once you hit on the right comedy premise.’ And a bit of creativity is sometimes needed when trying to get certain aspects of those premises to pass Broadcast Standards and Practices. For example, with The Math of Love Triangles, the line, ‘Are you erect?’ could only pass muster if Bloom’s Rebecca was physically adjusting the posture of a dancer. On the day of production of The Math of Love Triangles, Bloom was concerned that she might be revealing too much side boob because of her blue strapless gown or that the male dancers should be more expressive with their facial reactions. After a take was complete, she slipped out of her character’s strappy heels and into some slippers to watch a playback. ‘I think it’s great,’ Bloom said. ‘It all came together!'” Knowledge Bennett’s Pop Art Marilyn Orange is the New Black is not just a TV prison drama, but also the title of Los Angeles-based artist Knowledge Bennett’s first solo exhibit in New York, tracing the history of race in modern America through a Pop Art perspective. The show includes a section devoted to Marilyn, Good Girl Gone Bad (also the title of an album by Rihanna, who is featured elsewhere.) Bennett’s portraits of Marilyn pay homage to Andy Warhol, but crucially they add a sharp political edge to the ‘gangsta’ images of MM that adorn T-shirt stalls across the globe. The artist spoke about why he chose to depict Marilyn this way in an interview with Art ON! “Quite often I seek to alter popular images in a very minimal way to tell a very different story. With my Marilyn Monroe series Good Girl Gone Bad, I simply added a tied bandana scarf around her head to make a statement of defiance and courage. While researching the Civil Rights movement of the 50s and 60s, I was shocked to learn of Marilyn Monroe’s involvement and influence in helping to break the color barrier (in the entertainment industry) which existed during these times. I developed a newfound respect for her and her contributions to society at large. To learn that this woman, who was mostly known only as a major film star and sex symbol, had the balls and compassion for others to go out on a limb and make this happen is something worth acknowledging.” Publishing News: Marilyn’s Lost Photos, and More Limited Runs have produced a book based on their touring exhibit, Marilyn Monroe: Lost Photo Collection, featuring 21 images by Milton Greene, Gene Lester and Allan ‘Whitey’ Snyder. Only 125 copies have been made, priced at $95. Hopefully it will be a high-quality product, but it still seems rather expensive for such a slim volume. One of Marilyn’s best biographers and a friend of this blog, Michelle Morgan has recently published two new books via Lulu. The Marilyn Journal is the first in an anthology series, compiling newsletters of the UK Marilyn Lives Society, founded by Michelle in 1991. A Girl Called Pearl is a charming children’s novel – not about Marilyn as such, but it is set in the Los Angeles of her childhood, so it does have some interesting parallels, and would be a great Christmas gift for readers young and old (also available via Kindle.) Marilyn: I Wanna Be Loved By You, an 82-page catalogue (in French) accompanying the current exhibition at Aix-en-Provence, is available from Amazon UK for £8.44. In the November 19 issue of Scotland’s Weekly News (with Donny Osmond on the cover), Craig Campbell picks his Top 10 MM movies. Click the photo above to read the article in full. Finally, Marilyn’s love of Chanel No. 5 is featured in an article about favourite perfumes in Issue 3 of UK nostalgia mag Yours Retro. Marilyn at Julien’s: The Lois Weber Collection Lois Smith, publicist to Meryl Streep, Robert Redford and others, died in 2012, aged 84. “In a tough business known for steel-sharp elbows,” her New York Times obituary read, “Ms. Smith stood out for being nurturing. She was at the birth of Marilyn Monroe’s kittens...” Born Lois Eileen Wollenweber of Brooklyn in 1928, she began working for publicist Ted Saucier in the 1950s. His most famous client was the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, where he and Lois recruited celebrities who had come there to escape Hollywood’s crumbling studio system. One of them was Marilyn, who lived there for several months after moving to New York in 1955. Lois later married journalist Gene Smith, and formed Pickwick Public Relations with Pat Newcomb – Marilyn’s publicist at the time of her death – in 1969. A number of items in the current Julien’s sale, ending today, come from her estate (under the name of Lois Weber.) This photo was taken by Hans Knopf on February 22, 1956, when Marilyn was walking to Cecil Beaton’s studio for their famous session. Lois, who accompanied her that morning, is generally cropped out of the picture. Two other photos taken by Knopf that day show Marilyn and Lois getting into a taxi cab en route to lunch at the Ambassador Hotel with society columnist Elsa Maxwell. Interestingly, some copies of the candid photos taken by Frieda Hull and other members of the ‘Monroe Six’ were also in Lois’ possession. The young fans gave each other copies of their photos, so perhaps they shared a few with her as well. A 32-page transcript of Marilyn’s 1960 interview with George Belmont, submitted by Lois to Look magazine, is also on offer. Perhaps the most significant items from her estate, however, are the many beautiful photos, negatives and colour transparencies from the set of The Prince and the Showgirl. Marilyn exercised a strict approval process over all images, and relegated these to a ‘Kill’ folder. Marilyn at Julien’s: A Candid Feast “As far as Hollywood stories go, Marilyn Monroe‘s is generally seen as a tragic one,” Time magazine observes. “Knowing what would come later, it’s easy for her fans today to look at images of the actress and add their own overlay of sadness to the pictures.” However, the article continues, candid photos from the Frieda Hull estate – up for bids at Julien’s Auctions this weekend – show a “lighter side” of Marilyn, suggesting that “the tragedy of her story does not mean that she lacked for moments of happiness—or at least moments when she appeared to be happy.” The Frieda Hull collection ranges from approximately Lots 605-788 of the Julien’s sale, and is well worth a closer look. Time have featured some of the most striking images on offer, and I’ve posted a few more below. Signed photo of Marilyn in New York, 1955 Returning from her Jamaican honeymoon with Arthur Miller, 1957 Marilyn attends a screening of ‘The Prince and the Showgirl’, 1957 Leaving her New York apartment in 1959, en route to meet Khrushchev in Hollywood Attending Josephine Baker’s revue in Los Angeles, 1960 Frieda Hull also collected original memorabilia, including movie stills, studio portraits and lobby cards. She compiled scrapbooks and home movies, and even owned a scarf of Marilyn’s, and a Gladstone Hotel menu signed by MM and Arthur Miller – not to mention a Monroe Six badge! This archive is so unique that it could easily fill a book. Although some images have been seen before, many have never been published, and some are extremely rare. Whatever her mood, Marilyn could always spare a smile for her fans. So let’s hope this isn’t the last we’ll see of these lovely pictures. Marilyn at Julien’s: Home and Relationships In daily life, Marilyn often went unrecognised. This rare photo shows her wearing a black wig. When travelling ‘incognito‘, she sometimes used false names (including ‘Zelda Zonk’.) In the summer of 1953, Joe DiMaggio joined Marilyn in Canada, where she was filming River of No Return. She took these snapshots of Joe during his visit. Also pictured is Jean Negulesco, who had directed Marilyn in How to Marry a Millionaire. Although his work on River was uncredited, Negulesco may have helped to smooth the differences between Marilyn and the somewhat tyrannical Otto Preminger. Shortly before her third marriage to Arthur Miller, Marilyn converted to Judaism. This Jewish prayer book was probably a gift from Rabbi Robert E. Goldburg. Some photos of Arthur Miller, including one taken with Marilyn in 1959. Marilyn’s Minolta 16mm camera. This model was introduced in 1957. These photos are of the farmhouse at Roxbury, Connecticut, bought by the Millers after their marriage. It is incorrectly identified in the Julien’s catalogue as Marilyn’s Los Angeles abode. The Millers’ country home required extensive renovations. After their marriage ended, Marilyn kept their city apartment while Arthur lived at Roxbury until his death in 2005. Marilyn with her friend, actor Eli Wallach, in 1957. They would later co-star in The Misfits (1961.) Correspondence with Xenia Chekhov, widow of Marilyn’s acting teacher, Michael Chekhov. “A single-page typed, unsigned file copy of a letter dated December 19, 1958, to ‘Mrs. Chekhov’ reading ‘My husband and I were so happy with the pictures you sent us of Mr. Chekhov. We will treasure them forever. I am not able to shop for Christmas, as you may already know I have lost the baby, so I would like you to use this check as my Christmas greetings with all my most affectionate good wishes. My husband sends you his warmest regards.’ The letter is accompanied by Xenia Chekhov’s response written on a notecard dated January 10, 1959, reading in part, ‘[Y]our personal sad news affected me very much and I could not find the courage to write you sooner. All my warmest feelings of sympathy go out to you and Mr. Miller.’ This is a deeply personal note with an acknowledgement of a miscarriage in Monroe’s own words.” “An assortment of receipts from seven different bookstores: including: Doubleday Book Shop, Beekman Place Bookshop, and E. Weyhe Inc., all of New York City, and Wepplo’s Book Store, Lee Freeson, Martindale’s Book Stores and Hunter’s Books, all of Los Angeles. Titles include The Great Gatsby; Van Gogh’s Great Period; I , Rachel; An Encyclopedia of Gardening; Hi – Lo’s – Love Nest; a book listed simply as ‘Yves Montand’, among others. The receipts are dated 1958 and 1960.” A Royal Quiet de Luxe model typewriter owned by Marilyn. A letter from Marilyn, with photos of Jane Miller and Hugo, Marilyn’s basset hound. Various letters from Marilyn to her stepdaughter, Jane Miller. “A 1957 letter is written to Janie at summer camp and recounts a number of amusing stories about Hugo the Bassett Hound reading in part, ‘He got kicked by that donkey. Remember him? His nose swelled up with a big lump on top and it really wrecked his profile. I put an ice pack on it and it took several days for it to go down but the last time I saw him it was pretty well healed. Bernice is taking care of him and the house while I am at the hospital.We are going home tomorrow and then I will write you by hand. Listen, I had better stop now because I want to get off a note to Bobby today. Don’t worry about me in the hospital. I am feeling much better now and I have the funniest Scotch nurse.’ (Marilyn had recently been taken to hospital after suffering an ectopic pregnancy.) The 1958 letter is typed on the back of a piece of stationery from the Hotel Bel-Air and is addressed, ‘Dear Janie-bean.’ The letter, written as Marilyn prepared for Some Like It Hot, reads in part, ‘Thanks for helping me into my white skirt. I almost didn’t make it -but now that I’m busier I’ll start losing weight – you know where. Along with ukulele lessons I have to take I’m learning three songs from the 1920 period. … I don’t know how my costumes in the picture will be yet. I’ll let you know.'” Three colour slides from the estate of Frieda Hull, showing the Millers leaving New York for Los Angeles in November 1959. Marilyn’s parakeet, Butch, travelled with them. He was a noisy passenger, constantly squawking, “I’m Marilyn’s bird!” An electroplate ice bucket, made in England, and a receipt for 12 splits of Piper Heidsieck champagne, delivered to the Millers’ bungalow at the Beverly Hills Hotel during filming of Let’s Make Love in December 1959. Address books from 1955 and 1962. The first includes a handwritten ‘to-do list’, with entries such as “as often as possible to observe Strassberg’s [sic.] other private classes”; “never miss my actors studio sessions”; “must make strong effort to work on current problems and phobias that out of my past has arisen.” Perhaps the biggest surprise in the Julien’s sale is that Marilyn was planning to buy a home in New York, even commissioning a series of architectural drawings for a property on East 61st Street in November 1961. In addition to her rented Manhattan apartment, she bought a small bungalow in Los Angeles in 1962, but clearly hadn’t given up her dream of a permanent East Coast base. “An original letter from John E. Holland of the Charles F. Noyes Real Estate Company dated October 18, 1961, addressed to Miss Marilyn Monroe, 444 East 57th Street, New York, “Attention: Miss Marjorie Stengel” (Monroe’s secretary). The letter reads in part, ‘L]ast summer Mr. Ballard of our office, and I showed you the house at the corner of 57th Street and Sutton Place and Mr. Arthur Krim’s house on Riverview Terrace. I spoke to Miss Stengel yesterday and told her of a house which we have just gotten listed for sale at 241 East 61st Street. She asked me to send you the particulars on this house as she thought you might be interested in it. I am enclosing our setup. … The garden duplex apartment is now occupied by the owner and would be available to a purchaser for occupancy. You may possibly have been in this apartment as Miss Kim Novak … just moved out in September. Before that it was occupied by Prince Aly Khan.’ An original letter from John E. Holland of the Charles F. Noyes Real Estate Company dated November 15, 1961, addressed to Miss Marjorie Stengel, stating, ‘I am enclosing herewith Photostats which I had made of the drawings adding a stairway which would include all or half of the third floor with the duplex garden apartments. These sketches may be somewhat confusing, but I could easily explain them if you would like to have me do so,’ together with six Photostat copies of original architectural drawings for the redesign of an apartment located at 241 East 61st Street in New York. The drawings go into great detail as to the redesign of the apartment, with space for an art studio and specific notes stating, ‘This could be another bedroom or boudoir, or health studio with massage table, chaise lounge, private living room…or…with numerous closets.'” This grey pony handbag may have been bought by Marilyn during her February 1962 trip to Mexico. She was also a keen gardener, and a Horticulture magazine subscriber. “An extraordinary, blue cloth over board, ‘project management‘ three-ring binder kept by one of Monroe’s assistants chronicling the purchase and ongoing renovation and decoration of her home located at 12305 Fifth Helena Drive in Brentwood, California. The notebook begins with an information sheet and lot diagram as well as a typed renovation and additions budget for the property totaling $34,877.36 against a purchase price of $57,609.95. The book also contains approximately 28 pages of notes on various renovation projects and to-do lists; a page with notes regarding terracing and planting the hillside; seven drawings of exterior floor plan for possible apartment above the garage for a cook; three renderings of options for a table and another decorative element for the home; and a listing of bills due as of August 16, 1962. The last page of the book lists ‘Moet – Champagne vintage 1952/ et Chandon a Epernay/ Cuvee Dom Perignon – 13.88.’ The book lists dates that furniture is due to be delivered from various suppliers, many after Monroe’s death, as well as dimensions of each room of the home for the purpose of ordering ‘white India’ carpet. It also has estimates to have the pool resurfaced, water heater moved, fountain built, and laundry room and shower expanded for people using the pool as well as notes about decoration of a ‘play room,’ fabrication of a new gate, bars for windows, and shelving to be built, among many other things. A group of invoices dating to February 28, 1962, from various Mexican boutiques listing the purchase of a great number of pieces of furniture and home furnishings, purchased in Mexico for Monroe’s Fifth Helena Drive residence. Together with a two-page typed signed letter dated July 26, 1962, signed ‘Mura’, giving a full report to Monroe’s secretary Eunice Murray regarding her buying trip in Mexico. The letter demonstrates the fact that Monroe was still quite actively working on her home at the time of her death.” Posted on November 17, 2016 March 4, 2019 Marilyn at Julien’s: Trinkets and Keepsakes Among Marilyn’s possessions were many items of sentimental value. She kept this ballerina paperweight in her New York apartment next to a framed photo of 1920s Broadway star Marilyn Miller, who inspired her own stage name. In a strange twist of fate, she would also become ‘Marilyn Miller’ after her third marriage. She later gave the paperweight to her friend and masseur, Ralph Roberts, calling it “the other Marilyn.” This silver-tone St Christopher pendant was a gift from Natasha Lytess, Marilyn’s drama coach from 1948-54. (St Christopher is the patron saint of travellers.) Marilyn cut ties with Lytess after discovering she was writing a book about their friendship. She later gave the pendant to Ralph Roberts, telling him, “I’ve outgrown Natasha.” This gold and silver-tone Gemini pendant reflects Marilyn’s close identification with her astrological sign, symbolised by twin faces. “I’m so many people,” she told journalist W.J. Weatherby. “Sometimes I wish I was just me.” Marilyn was exceedingly generous to her friends, as the story behind this bracelet reveals. “A rhinestone bracelet owned by Marilyn Monroe and gifted to Vanessa Reis, the sister-in-law to May Reis, Monroe’s personal assistant and secretary. In a letter to the consigner dated November 28, 1994, Ralph Roberts writes, ‘Reference Marilyn robe and bracelet. As best I recall, late one Saturday afternoon Marilyn and I were in the dining area of the Miller 9th floor suite at the Mapes Hotel. She had just changed into a robe, sitting on one of the chairs and I was massaging her back and shoulders. She showed me a bracelet she’d brought to Reno with thought of possibly wearing it as a [undecipherable comment] for Roslyn [Monroe’s character in The Misfits]. Upon discussing it, she and Paula [Paula Strasberg was Monroe’s acting coach and friend] had decided somehow it wouldn’t be appropriate. Just then May Reis entered with Vanessa Reis (the widow of Irving Reis, May’s greatly loved brother and film director). Vanessa had come up from LA for a long weekend visit – there’d been some talk of our going out to some of the casinos to do a bit of gambling. Vanessa told Marilyn how lovely she looked in that robe. Marilyn thanked her + impulsively held out the bracelet, Take this + wear it as a good luck charm. I was wearing it during dance rehearsals for Let’s Make Love, smashed into a prop, so a stone is loosened. I wish I could go with you, but Raffe is getting some Misfits knots out. And I should go over that scene coming up Monday. They left. Marilyn asked me to remind her to have the robe cleaned to give to Vanessa. Whitey, Agnes, May – all of us – knew from experience we couldn’t compliment Marilyn on any personal items or had to be very careful. She’d be compulsive about giving it, or getting a copy – to you.’ Accompanied by a copy of the letter.” Jack Dempsey, a former world heavyweight champion boxer, wrote to Joe DiMaggio’s New York Yankees teammate, Jerry Coleman, in 1954. “Have been reading a lot about Marilyn, Joe and yourself, here in the east,” Dempsey remarked. “Best of luck to you and your family, and send Marilyn’s autograph along.” This small pine-cone Christmas tree, held together with wire and dusted in glitter, was given to Marilyn as a surprise by Joe DiMaggio one year when she had no plans, or decorations. Christmas can be a lonely time, and Joe made sure to bring some cheer. This vintage Hallmark card was sent to Marilyn one Christmas by her favourite singer, Ella Fitzgerald. Author Truman Capote sent Marilyn a personally inscribed 1959 album of himself reading ‘A Christmas Memory‘ (an excerpt from his famous novella, Breakfast at Tiffany’s.) Marilyn owned a leather-bound, monogrammed copy of Esquire magazine’s July 1953 issue, featuring an article about herself titled “The ‘Altogether’ Girl.” Marilyn’s 1954 trip to Korea to entertain American troops was one of her happiest memories. This photo shows her with the band and is accompanied by a letter from George Sweers of the St Petersburg Times, sent after their chance reunion when Marilyn took a short break in Florida in 1961. This endearing note accompanied a gift from Marilyn to Paula Strasberg, who replaced Natasha Lytess as her acting coach in 1956: “Dear Paula, I’m glad you were born because you are needed. Your warmth is both astonishing and welcomed. Love & Happy Birthday, Marilyn.” In April 1955, novelist John Steinbeck wrote a letter to Marilyn, asking her to sign a photo for his young nephew. “In my whole experience I have never known anyone to ask for an autograph for himself. It is always for a child or an ancient aunt, which gets very tiresome as you know better than I. It is therefore, with a certain nausea that I tell you that I have a nephew-in-law … he has a foot in the door of puberty, but that is only one of his problems. You are the other. … I know that you are not made of ether, but he doesn’t. … Would you send him, in my care, a picture of yourself, perhaps in pensive, girlish mood, inscribed to him by name and indicating that you are aware of his existence. He is already your slave. This would make him mine. If you will do this, I will send you a guest key to the ladies’ entrance of Fort Knox.” Television host Edward K. Murrow sent Marilyn a Columbia Records album, featuring excerpts from speeches by Sir Winston Churchill, in November 1955. She had been a guest on Murrow’s CBS show, Person to Person, a few months previously. Marilyn’s custom-bound edition of Arthur Miller’s Collected Plays included a personal dedication. Miller had drafted a fuller tribute, but it was nixed – possibly because his first divorce was not final when it was published. “This book is being written out of the courage, the widened view of life, the awareness of love and beauty, given to me by my love, my wife-to-be, my Marilyn. I bless her for this gift, and I write it so that she may have from me the only unique thing I know how to make. I bless her, I owe her the discovery of my soul.” Costume designer Donfeld sent Marilyn this handmade birthday card one year, together with a small note that read, “M – I hope this finds you well and happy – My thoughts are with you now – Love, Feld.” This engraved cigarette case was given by Marilyn to Joe DiMaggio during their post-honeymoon trip to Japan in 1954. This souvenir brochure for the small town of Bement, Illinois was signed by Marilyn when she made a surprise appearance in 1955, during a festival marking the centennial of an historic visit by her idol, Abraham Lincoln. Comedian Ernie Kovacs sent this rather cheeky letter to Marilyn in 1961. He would die in a tragic car crash in January 1962, aged 43, followed by Marilyn in August. “The letter, addressed to ‘Marilyneleh’, invites Monroe to a get together at his home on June 15, giving the dress code as ‘… slacks or if you want to be chic, just spray yourself with aluminum paint or something.’ He continues, ‘I’ll try to find someone more mature than Carl Sandburg for you. … if Frank is in town, will be asking him. … don’t be a miserable shit and say you can’t come. … Look as ugly as possible cause the neighbors talk if attractive women come into my study.’ He signs the letter in black pen ‘Ernie’ and adds a note at the bottom: ‘If you don’t have any aluminum paint, you could back into a mud pack and come as an adobe hut. … we’ll make it a costume party. … Kovacs.'” Always gracious to her fans, Marilyn gave child actress Linda Bennett a magazine clipping with the inscription, “I saw you in The Seven Little Foys. Great – Marilyn Monroe.” She also signed this photograph, “Dear Linda, I wish you luck with your acting. Love and kisses, Marilyn Monroe Miller.” Posted on November 17, 2016 June 25, 2019 Marilyn at Julien’s: Style and Beauty Marilyn in costume for ‘The Prince and the Showgirl’ “Marilyn Monroe famously sang ‘Diamonds are a Girl’s Best Friend,’” Sheila Gibson Stoodley writes for Robb Report, “but collectors of her memorabilia disagree. Seven of the 10 most-expensive Marilyn Monroe items sold at auction are dresses—mainly costumes that the late star wore in her films. The few that she donned outside of the studio earn their high sums thanks to period photographs that prove Monroe wore them.” And over at his MM Collection Blog, Scott Fortner – who helped to catalogue this week’s auction at Julien’s – takes a closer look at the ‘I’m Through With Love‘ dress from Some Like It Hot, and the ‘After You Get What You Want‘ dress from There’s No Business Like Show Business. Both costumes are from the David Gainsborough Roberts collection, and will go under the hammer tomorrow. Several other items which contributed to Marilyn’s glamorous look are also among the lots. From her modelling days onward, Marilyn often wore her own clothing in photo shoots. These brown leather sandals date back to a 1950 session with photographer Earl Leaf, shot at the Hollywood home of her agent, Johnny Hyde. Unlike her cinematic alter-ego Lorelei Lee, Marilyn wasn’t really a material girl. These earrings, worn to the premiere of The Seven Year Itch, were made from simulated diamonds. Green lace blouse, from ‘Bus Stop’ Marilyn’s movie costumes were made in duplicates, with her name next to the Fox logo on a sewn-in label. This green lace bodice from Bus Stop was won in a contest by a lucky reader of the British fan magazine, Picture Show. These red satin platform shoes – designed by Annello & Davide – were born by Marilyn to the London premiere of Arthur Miller’s controversial play, A View From the Bridge. John Moore’s pencil sketches for the form-fitting mermaid gown worn by Marilyn to the premiere of The Prince and the Showgirl are also on offer. Marilyn’s personal diet plan and skincare regime are available in full. “A two-page, typed plan titled ‘Calorie Restricted Diet/ 1000 Calories/ 100 Grams Protein’ prepared for Monroe by Dr. Leon Krohn. The pages are undated, but some of the approved foods and meal plans are in line with the notations found in Monroe’s hand in the back of one of her notebooks from 1958. The diet put forth presents sound health advice even by today’s standards, recommending the restriction of sugar, fats and carbohydrates to whole wheat and ‘one small white potato boiled baked or riced’ as a substitution for one slice of bread. Five sets of instructions, eight pages, from the Erno Laszlo Institute written out for Marilyn Monroe Miller, dated June 5, 6, 11, and 12, 1958, and July 3, 1958, outlining her constantly changing skincare regime in great detail. The instructions not only divide skincare into ‘Morning,’ ‘Evening if dressing,’ and ‘Evening before retiring,’ but also there are instructions on what not to eat: ‘Not one piece of any kind of nuts, olives, chocolate, clams and oysters.’ There are also separate instructions for California and ‘Instructions for Makeup While Making Films.'” These white leather shoes by Salvatore Ferragamo are just one of several pairs that she owned. (The spiked heels were 3 inches high, and the size was 7.5B.) In the spring of 1958, Marilyn made plans to appear at the Cannes Film Festival. Simone Noir sent her an invitation to visit Christian Dior in Paris. Unfortunately, the trip was cancelled, but a separate invoice shows that Marilyn bought a dress and coat by Dior from a Park Avenue boutique. That Christmas, Marilyn’s longtime hairdresser, Agnes Flanagan, gave her a bottle of her favourite perfume, Chanel No. 5, purchased from I. Magnin in Beverly Hills. Finally, a costume sketch by Bob Mackie for Something’s Got to Give. Based on a Jean Louis design, the red skirt suit with a swing jacket trimmed in leopard print, and matching hat, was intended as an ‘Outfit Worn on Day Off/Also in Courtroom Sequence.’ However, the ensemble was not worn by Marilyn during wardrobe tests, or any surviving footage from the ill-fated movie.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2810
__label__cc	0.5698	0.4302	Los Angeles Bucket List Top 5 Activities to Experience in LA The City of Angels may be known as a top destination for foodies and those interested in the arts, but there’s so much more hidden in Los Angeles. Each neighborhood offers a thriving culture, and around every corner is an adventure just waiting to happen. When you want to explore LA but don’t want to do the typical tourist attractions, branch out and try one of these top five bucket list adventures! From biking around the city to enjoying a good horror movie, to racing experiences and rock climbing, there’s something for everyone! Rock Climbing/Canyoneering When you want to get your heart pumping and take in a unique view of Los Angeles, there’s no better way than a guided rock climbing or canyoneering adventure. Whether you’re flying solo, with a friend, or a group, chose from five destinations for your adventure. Each day trip package includes all necessary equipment, rentals, and even stacks. No experience is needed for either adventure, as professional guides make sure anyone will have a fulfilling time. Are you ready to check out the secrets hidden in the Los Angeles canyons? LA Fly Ride If rock climbing seems too physically demanding, try an electric bike tour around the city! Ride with a friend or a group on an electric Hollywood Tequila Sunset electric bike tour, complete with a provided helmet and handlebar bag. The tour lasts roughly an hour and a half and gives riders the chance to see the Hollywood Hills, get up close to the Hollywood Sign, the Hollywood Reservoir, and more. Take in the most iconic views in the city as the sun starts to set and take stunning photos to share with your friends and family or post to social media. Rusty Wallace Racing Experience Thrill seekers living in and visiting Los Angeles will love the opportunity to drive a stock car at the Auto Club Speedway. Choose from four racing experiences: a three-lap taste, six-lap qualifier, 10-lap shootout, or a two-hour experience with a pre-drive orientation and instruction. All supplied cars have previously raced in one of the top two stock car racing series, and features an in-car radio with a dedicated professional spotter. Without a pace car, you get to set your own pace, and passing is encouraged. Check out the largest racing experience with over 200,000 participants in the last four years! OUE Skyspace/Skyslide For an experience unlike any other, check out the Oue Skyspace and Skyslide. For breathtaking, panoramic views of Los Angeles, there is no better vantage point than the view from 1,000 feet in the sky. Open daily, general admission includes 30 minutes of timed entry with access to all four levels of the building, including two outdoor observation terraces. Opt for the Skyslide combo to get access to what’s offered with general admission, but also a Skyslide ride! The slide is 45 feet long, and is the perfect way to see the city of Los Angeles with a thrilling twist. Great Horror Movie Night If the Skyslide wasn’t a thrilling enough option, there’s another way to get your blood pumping and adrenaline rushing. Great Horror Movie Night takes place almost every Friday night from March through May, showing films like Leprechaun, John Carpenter’s The Thing, and the original Halloween. Shown in the abandoned Old Griffith Park Zoo, the Great Horror Movie Night is the ideal date night for horror movie fans or a group outing with friends. Tickets can be purchased individually, in pairs, or in four-packs. If you want to have the scare of your life and watch classic, bone-chilling horror films, this is one experience not to miss! ACTIVITIES, Los Angeles liz mallery Written by liz mallery View all posts by: liz mallery Rush49 Among Handful Selected for Test of New Google Ads Platform Pitbull & Enrique Iglesias – Staples Center, Los Angeles Washington DC Bucket List Seattle Bucket List FIND YOUR NEXT RUSH Rush49/TroLion Inc 300 Continental Bl. Suite #180 El Segundo, CA 90245 (877) 827-5017 RUSH49.COM ACTIVITIES RUSH FOOD & DRINK RUSH LIFESTYLE RUSH Rush49 Blog © 2019 .	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2816
__label__cc	0.575972	0.424028	Home Michigan Civil War Volunteer Registries 04th Michigan Infantry - Page 196 04th Michigan Infantry - Page 196 Title 04th Michigan Infantry - Page 196 Series Record of Service of Michigan Volunteers in the Civil War, 1861 - 1865 Subject American Civil War Regimental Histories 4th Michigan Infantry Fourth Michigan Infantry Reorganized 4th Michigan Infantry Reorganized Fourth Infantry Description This volume follows the Michigan volunteers in the Fourth Michigan Infantry. The series is a compilation of the military history of each soldier of the Civil War who was a resident of the State of Michigan at the time of enlistment. Creator State of Michigan and George H. Turner Publisher Ihling Bros. & Everard; Stationers, Printers, and Publishers; Kalamazoo, Michigan. Contributors Office of Adjutant General; Gen. George H. Brown, Adjutant General; Col. George H. Turner, Assistant Adjutant General Source E514.3.M62 Coverage Michigan, 1861 - 1865 Rights This work is in the public domain. Please credit the Archives of Michigan as the source of the material.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2823
__label__cc	0.565451	0.434549	Variation in BRCA1 Cancer Risks by Mutation Position Deborah Thompson, Douglas Easton and the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium Deborah Thompson Douglas Easton DOI: Published April 2002 Previous studies have reported variation in BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer risks with mutation position, suggesting that mutations toward the 3′ end of the gene are associated with lower ovarian cancer risks. We evaluated the evidence for genotype-phenotype correlations in 356 families with protein-truncating BRCA1 mutations. In contrast to previous reports, the ovarian:breast cancer ratio associated with mutations in a central region of the gene (nucleotides 2401–4190) was significantly higher than for other mutations [odds ratio, 1.70 (P = 0.017) compared with nucleotides 1–2400; odds ratio, 1.89 (P = 0.02) compared with nucleotides 4191–end]. The risks of breast and ovarian cancer conferred by mutations in different regions of the gene were estimated separately by conditional maximum likelihood. According to the best fitting model, the breast cancer risk associated with mutations in the central region was found to be significantly lower than for other mutations (relative risk, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.86; P = 0.0002), whereas the ovarian cancer risk associated with mutations 3′ to nucleotide 4191 was significantly reduced relative to the rest of the gene (relative risk, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.00; P = 0.044). The cancer risks associated with missense mutations in the RING domain in exon 5 appear to be similar to those associated with protein-truncating mutations toward the 3′ end of BRCA1, based on nine additional families. BRCA1 (MIM 113705)4 is a breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene located on chromosome 17q (1 , 2) . BRCA1 is not completely penetrant, and since its isolation in 1994, there have been numerous attempts to estimate the risks of cancer conferred by different germ-line mutations. Published cumulative risk estimates by age 70 vary between 45 and 87% for breast cancer and between 36 and 66% for ovarian cancer (3, 4, 5) . More than 400 distinct cancer-associated BRCA1 mutations have been reported (according to the BIC5 database6 ), prompting discussion as to whether different mutations confer different cancer risks. The first formal evidence of a genotype-phenotype correlation came from a study of 33 families, which identified a significantly lower ovarian:breast cancer ratio in families with mutations 3′ to exon 12 (6) . A further study of 134 patients with truncating BRCA1 mutations found the that frequency of ovarian cancer relative to breast cancer associated with mutations 3′ to the granin motif (nucleotides 3760–3787) was significantly lower than for other mutations (P = 0.004; Ref. 7 ). However, an analysis of six recurrent BRCA1 mutations found only a marginally significant difference in the proportion of cases affected by ovarian cancer relative to breast cancer between specific mutations (P = 0.07; Ref. 8 ). In an attempt to confirm or refute these genotype-phenotype correlations in BRCA1, we studied a much larger group of 356 families with PT BRCA1 mutations. We used these data to estimate separately the risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with mutations in different regions of BRCA1. Using nine additional families, we also estimated the cancer risks conferred by MS mutations in the BRCA1 RING domain. The study was based on information from 369 families collected by the Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium from 20 centers in eight Western European and North American countries. For entry into the study, each family was required to contain at least one affected individual known to carry a germ-line BRCA1 mutation believed to be disease causing (i.e., frameshift and nonsense mutations, large deletions and insertions, splice site mutations, and MS mutations categorized as disease causing by BIC). The main analysis was restricted to the 356 families with PT mutations. (Although categorization by BIC as a MS mutation, rather than as a polymorphism or unknown variant, does not guarantee that a mutation is associated with disease, it is an indication that there is compelling evidence of disease association). The nine families with MS mutations in the RING domain were considered separately (five families with Cys61Gly, two families with Cys64Gly, one family with Cys47Tyr, and one with Cys64Tyr). The three families with MS mutations elsewhere in BRCA1 (Met1Ile, Arg1751Gln, and Met1775Arg were each seen once) were excluded from all analyses because there were insufficient data to allow a separate analysis of this group. A single family in which both 185delAG and 5382insC were found was also excluded from all analyses. For the purposes of this study, the family members included were restricted to the tested mutation carriers, women with breast cancer diagnosed below age 60, women with ovarian cancer at any age, men with breast cancer at any age, and the first-degree relatives of individuals in any of these four categories, regardless of their own carrier status. The families included in the analysis contained 7627 individuals (median individuals per family, 17). There were 1174 women with a first breast cancer diagnosed below age 60 and 679 women with ovarian cancer. Thirty-eight percent of these cancer diagnoses (including 34% of breast cancers and 46% of ovarian cancers) were confirmed by pathological review, pathologist’s report, cancer registry record, clinical record, or death certificate. The median number of female breast cancers before age 60 and ovarian cancers per family was four; 66 families had less than three cases, and 126 had six or more. Seven families contained one case of male breast cancer. A total of 162 distinct mutations were observed in the families analyzed, 158 of which were PT. The number of distinct nucleotides at which PT mutations were observed was 147. The 356 families with PT mutations included 31 that had been studied previously (6) ; the information on these families has since been updated. These families are referred to as the “original CRC set.” Seventy-nine families carried one of the BRCA1 Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations, 185delAG or 5382insC. The comparatively high frequency of these mutations, together with the BRCA2 6174delT mutation, in the Ashkenazi population (estimated combined population frequency of 2–2.5%; Ref. (9) has led to some Ashkenazi families being offered mutation screening on the basis of a lower-risk family history of cancer than would be required of a non-Ashkenazi family. This could lead to underestimation of the risks associated with these mutations compared with other mutations. To avoid this possible bias, Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi families within a given center were considered as separate strata. Eleven of the 20 ascertainment centers recruited one or more families with an Ashkenazi mutation; therefore, for the purposes of this analysis we used 31 distinct strata. Although some families with these mutations may not be of Ashkenazi origin, they were classified as such for the purposes of this analysis. Statistical Methods. Variations in the incidence of breast and ovarian cancer associated with mutations in different parts of BRCA1 were initially tested for by splitting the gene into two, using the exon 12–13 breakpoint suggested by Gayther et al. (6) , and computing an OR for the ratio of ovarian to breast cancer cases in the 5′ versus the 3′ region of BRCA1. For the purpose of these analyses, only breast cancers diagnosed in women before age 60 years were considered. For women with bilateral breast cancer, only the first cancer was included. The OR was adjusted for ascertainment center/strata, using logistic regression in Splus (version 3.4). The significance was estimated by simulation, permuting mutations among families within center, as described by Gayther et al. (6) and Thompson et al. (10) . This procedure accounts for the nonindependence of risks within each family. The ORs were similarly computed for every possible breakpoint along the gene to identify the optimal two-way division for maximizing the deviance. In this case, because the optimal breakpoint was not chosen a priori, the deviance was also maximized over all breakpoints in every simulation to obtain the significance level. Taking the optimum breakpoint as fixed, we repeated the procedure to test for the presence and location of a second breakpoint bisecting the larger region, i.e., defining three separate risk regions. Each analysis was performed with and without the set of 31 original CRC families. We estimated the risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer conferred by mutations in each of these three risk regions, using a conditional maximum likelihood approach. The frequency of each specific mutation in each population is unknown; therefore, the likelihood must be conditioned on the set of mutations observed in the families from each center. The derivation of the conditional likelihood is discussed in more detail in Ref. 10 , and the procedure used here is essentially the same, except that mutations were pooled into three, rather than two, groups. The conditional likelihood took the form: where Mj is the mutation in the jth family, and Mπj is the mutation assigned to the jth family by the πth permutation. Cj is the vector of the carrier statuses, Dj is the vector of phenotypic information, and Aj contains all of the information involved in the ascertainment of family j. The phenotypic information Dj on each individual was based on follow-up from birth until their death, 70th birthday, loss to follow-up, diagnosis with ovarian cancer, or oophorectomy. Thus, information on ovarian cancer subsequent to breast cancer was included in the analysis, but information on breast cancer subsequent to ovarian cancer or oophorectomy was not because oophorectomy could substantially alter breast cancer risk. Because the actual ascertainment event for any given family was poorly defined, we used a conservative approach in which we conditioned on all information that could have influenced ascertainment. Thus, Aj included all phenotypic information up until and including the earliest of death, 70th birthday, loss to follow-up, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prophylactic bilateral mastectomy, or oophorectomy. Aj also included the carrier status of the first tested carrier (the proband), but not that of other relatives. Restricting the analysis to confirmed carriers would bias the results because affected family members and those with a very strong family history of cancer might be more inclined to pursue mutation testing and because deceased individuals would be excluded. The MENDEL program weights correctly the likelihood contributions of untested individuals according to their probability of being a carrier, which is estimated from their cancer history and the cancer histories and carrier statuses of their relatives. The parameter vector β consisted of the estimated age-specific risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer to women with mutations in the 5′ region of BRCA1, taken as the baseline risk category for carriers. Cancer risks relative to this baseline for women with mutations in the central or 3′ regions were parameterized by the log-RR parameters in the vector λ. The four RRs (central breast, 3′ breast, central ovarian, and 3′ ovarian) relative to carriers of 5′ mutations were assumed to be independent of age (although, of course, incidence rates in BRCA1 carriers relative to general population rates are strongly age dependent). Noncarrier risks, by 5-year age group, were fixed at those given in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (11) . The permutations, π, were performed within each center to account for possible differences in mutation frequencies and ascertainment policies between centers. The mutations were recoded as 0, 1, or 2, depending on the region of the gene in which they were situated. Ideally, every possible permutation of family to mutation group within a center would be used, but within six of the larger centers this number was prohibitively large. For each of these centers, 10,000 permutations were randomly sampled, with replacement, from the complete set. Although the number of permutations sampled affects the absolute value of the likelihood, it did not appear to affect the maximum likelihood estimates or the differences in log-likelihood between nested models. The same random sample of permutations was retained for each estimation; hence differences in likelihood between models are genuinely attributable to the differences in the models and not to any differences in the sample of permutations used. The conditional likelihood was maximized over the risk and log-RR parameters, using the program MENDEL (12) . To test the significance of each log-RR parameter, models were run under which every combination of one or more of the parameters were fixed at zero and likelihood ratio tests on the nested models were used to find the optimum model. Parameter estimates were used to obtain cumulative cancer risks for the different groups of mutations, and a log-log transformation was used for the 95% CIs. MS Mutations. The cancer risks associated with MS mutations in the functional RING zinc-finger domain of BRCA1 (exon 5) were explored in a separate analysis that included the nine families with mutations meeting this description. The ovarian:breast cancer ratio for these MS mutations was compared in turn with the ratios for mutations in each of the three regions defined in the main analysis and with the combined set of all PT mutations. ORs were adjusted for ascertainment center, as in the main analysis. Maximum likelihood estimates of the risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer associated with RING MS mutations were computed in MENDEL (12) , using an adaptation of the conditional likelihood technique used in the main analysis (Eq. A) . The complete set of 365 families (356 with PT mutations and 9 with MS mutations) was used; mutations were split into four groups (the three risk regions defined for the PT mutations, and a fourth group consisting of the MS mutations), and the baseline was again taken to be the group of 5′ PT mutations, with all other risks estimated relative to this. The likelihood was also maximized for models under which one or more of the MS log-RR parameters was fixed at zero, to test their significance. Risk Ratio Analysis. Logistic regression was used to test the independence of mutation position and breast/ovarian cancer risk and to define the optimal breakpoint(s). Using the exon 12–13 breakpoint (6) , we found an OR for the ovarian:breast cancer ratio in 5′ mutations, compared with 3′ mutations, of 1.40 (P = 0.037), confirming the earlier observation. When we allowed the position of the breakpoint to vary, its optimal position was found to be between nucleotides 4185 and 4191, toward the 3′ end of exon 11. As anticipated, mutations 5′ of this breakpoint were associated with a higher ratio of ovarian to breast cancer cases than 3′ mutations (OR, 1.51; P = 0.102). Although this breakpoint gave the strongest association, the significance level was lower than for the exon 12–13 breakpoint because that position was taken as fixed, whereas here the significance was from maximizing over all possible breakpoints at every permutation. This breakpoint is slightly 5′ to that previously identified on exon 13, which was between nucleotides 4304 and 4446 (6) . However, it lies well within the previously reported 95% CI (nucleotides 2025–5298). Inspection of the ovarian:breast cancer ratios by family suggested further heterogeneity of risk among families with mutations in the 5′ region. We estimated that the optimal position of the breakpoint subdividing the 5′ region is between nucleotides 2388 and 2401. For convenience, the two breakpoints will be referred to as being at nucleotides 2401 and 4191, although the precision with which they can be identified is limited by the set of mutations observed in the families. The region between nucleotides 2401 and 4190 had a significantly higher ratio of ovarian to breast cancer than the region 5′ to 2401 (OR, 1.70; P = 0.017) or than the region 3′ to 4191 (OR, 1.89; P = 0.02). Fig. 1⇓ shows that all three regions have distinct patterns of cancer incidence, with mutations in the central region being associated with the highest ratio of ovarian cancer to breast cancer cases (47.6% of cancers were ovarian). Counts of breast and ovarian cancer by mutation location within BRCA1, for all 356 PT mutations. Maximum Likelihood Estimation. We used the conditional maximum likelihood to estimate disease-specific RRs by mutation position. The optimal breakpoints (nucleotides 2401 and 4191) were used to split the mutations into three groups, and the risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer associated with mutations in the central region and in the 3′ region were estimated relative to the risks associated with 5′ mutations. The likelihood was also maximized for all models under which one or more of these parameters were fixed at the null, and likelihood ratio tests were used to find the best fitting model. The log-likelihoods for a selection of these models are presented in Table 1⇓ . The RRs for breast cancer in the central and 3′ regions are referred to as Γb(c) and Γb(3), respectively; the corresponding ovarian RRs are referred to as Γo(c) and Γo(3). Log-likelihood ratio tests for nested models describing variation of BRCA1 cancer risks with mutation position Likelihood maximized using all 356 families carrying PT BRCA1 mutations. RR (Γ) in italics are those fixed at one under the given model; other entries are the maximum likelihood estimates under the given model. Model 4 (bold text) provides the most parsimonious fit to the data. Starting with the null model (uniform cancer risks across BRCA1), the parameter whose addition gave the most significant increase in likelihood was Γb(c) (model 2). The only parameter that gave a significant improvement in the fit after including Γb(c) was Γo(3) (model 4). Neither Γb(3) nor Γo(c) significantly improved the fit (models 5 and 6, respectively). Hence, model 4 is the most parsimonious model to describe the data. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters under model 4 are presented in Table 2⇓ , along with their asymptotic 95% CIs. According to this model, the risk of breast cancer is the same in the 5′ and 3′ regions of BRCA1, but is significantly lower in the central region (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.86; P = 0.0002). The pattern is different for ovarian cancer, for which the risks in the 5′ and central regions are the same, but with a significantly lower risk in the 3′ region (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–1.00; P = 0.044). Parameter estimates are also shown for the full model containing all four RR parameters (Table 1)⇓ . Maximum likelihood estimatesa of age-specific incidence of breast cancer and of ovarian cancer and of RRs, estimated under model 4 When the original 31 CRC families were excluded, model 2 provided the best fit. Under this model, the risk of ovarian cancer is the same in all three regions, but the risk of breast cancer is significantly lower for mutations in the central section (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60–0.89; P = 0.0007). Ashkenazi Founder Mutations. Seventy-nine of the 356 families with PT mutations carried one of the two common Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations, 185delAG (46 families) and 5382insC (33 families). Defining separate centers for Ashkenazi families and stratifying all analyses by center should have minimized the impact of any differences in cancer risks between Ashkenazis and others, but to ensure that the results were not unduly influenced by these families, maximum likelihood estimates were produced for a subset of the data restricted to non-Ashkenazi families. For the purposes of the analysis, all families carrying either of these mutations were conservatively assumed to be Ashkenazi Jewish, although we do not have the ethnicity or haplotype data to confirm this. The optimal breakpoints for this subset were identical to those found for the complete set of families, and the estimated ORs were very similar [OR for nucleotides 2401–4190 versus nucleotides 0–2400, 1.70 (P = 0.03); OR for nucleotides 2401–4190 versus 4191-end, 1.89 (P = 0.04)]. The most parsimonious model in the maximum likelihood analysis was model 2, i.e., there was a significantly lower breast cancer risk associated with central mutations, but no significant variation in ovarian cancer risk (breast RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56–0.83; P < 0.0001). A maximum likelihood analysis was also performed using only the 79 Ashkenazi families. Risks for 5382insC carriers were estimated relative to those for 185delAG carriers. Neither the breast nor the ovarian cancer risk differed significantly between the two mutations (breast RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.78–1.64; P = 0.52; ovarian RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.36–1.18; P = 0.13). The RR for breast cancer was very close to the corresponding non-Ashkenazi 3′:5′ RR (non-Ashkenazi breast RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88–1.36; P = 0.40), whereas the ovarian cancer RR was somewhat stronger than the corresponding non-Ashkenazi 3′:5′ RR (non-Ashkenazi ovarian RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.71–1.27; P = 0.70). The estimated OR for comparison of the ovarian:breast cancer ratio associated with MS mutations in the RING domain compared with all PT mutations, adjusted for center, was 0.41 (P = 0.023). When we looked separately at PT mutations in each of the three risk regions, the most significant OR was for the comparison of the MS mutations with PT mutations in the central region (OR, 0.31; P = 0.003). The pattern of risk associated with MS mutations was not significantly different from that associated with PT mutations in either the 5′ or 3′ regions (5′ OR, 0.52; P = 0.091; 3′ OR, 0.42; P = 0.064). The estimated risk of breast cancer associated with MS mutations relative to 5′ PT mutations was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.78–1.82; P = 0.43), and the corresponding ovarian cancer RR was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.35–1.49; P = 0.36), neither of which was significant. A tendency for families with mutations toward the 3′ end of BRCA1 to have a lower than average proportion of ovarian cancer cases has been reported on several occasions (e.g., Refs. 6 , 13 , 14 ). The study by Gayther et al. (6) found that a linear trend model for the ovarian:breast cancer ratio was less satisfactory than a model dividing the gene into two discrete regions, with the optimal breakpoint between codons 1435 and 1441 and with a lower proportion of ovarian cancers in families with mutations 3′ to this boundary. Holt et al. (7) tested the hypothesis that the proportion of ovarian cancer is different for mutations on either side of the granin motif (codons 1214–1223) and found that the proportion of ovarian cancer was significantly lower for mutations 3′ to this motif. Our optimal breakpoint for the change in risks lay between these two estimates (nucleotide 4191, codon 1358), and well within the 95% CI given by Gayther et al. (6) . Moreover, we found that a division of BRCA1 into three regions (of roughly equal size), with different risks associated with mutations in each region, improved the fit. The ovarian:breast cancer ratio was similar for the 3′ and 5′ regions, but significantly higher in the center (Fig. 1)⇓ . The likelihood analysis allowed us to estimate separately the risks of breast and ovarian cancer associated with mutations in each of the three regions of BRCA1. The major effect was an estimated 29% reduction in breast cancer risk associated with mutations in the central region of BRCA1 compared with mutations in the outer two regions. The risk of ovarian cancer was significantly lower (19%) for mutations 3′ to nucleotide 4191 than for other mutations, although this effect ceased to be significant when either the 31 original CRC families or the 79 families with an Ashkenazi founder mutation were removed from the analysis. However, the breast cancer effect barely changed when the CRC families were removed and increased in magnitude and significance when the Ashkenazi families were excluded. Thus, the reduction in breast cancer risk associated with mutations in the central region appears robust, whereas the observed variation in ovarian cancer risk may be artifactual. All four RR parameters were correlated with one another, and the nature of the estimation procedure means that it is impossible to completely disentangle the breast and ovarian cancer effects. When the 31 CRC families were excluded, we were unable to find a single breakpoint splitting BRCA1 into two regions with significantly different ovarian:breast cancer ratios. However, when we fixed the 4191 breakpoint, the optimal division of the 5′ region was at nucleotide 2401, as for the complete set of families (OR, 1.74; P = 0.01). Simultaneous estimation of two breakpoints (i.e., maximizing the deviance over every three-way division) gave the optimal positions as nucleotides 2401 and 3896 (comparing the central region with the two outside regions; OR, 1.90; P = 0.02). If, as implied by the results of the MENDEL analysis for this group of families, the only variation in cancer risk is a lower breast cancer risk associated with mutations in the central region, then it is not so surprising that a division of the gene into just two contiguous regions does not produce a significant variation in risk. The distribution of the mutations between the three regions did not differ significantly between the CRC and non-CRC families, and the proportion of breast cancer patients who were tested carriers was similar in the two sets, as was the average number of women per family with a breast cancer followed by an ovarian cancer. However, nearly half of the CRC families were identified specifically on the basis of at least two relatives with ovarian cancer, and a significantly higher proportion of the cancers in the CRC families were ovarian rather than breast (47.8 versus 35.7%; P = 0.0006), which might explain the stronger evidence for an ovarian effect in the CRC families. We have noted that only 38% of the cancers were formally confirmed, the remainder having been reported by patients or relatives. Because any misreporting of cancer diagnoses would be independent of mutation and any variation in confirmation rates among centers was accounted for in the stratification, this is unlikely to affect the conclusions. A reanalysis restricted to confirmed cancer cases gave very similar results, although the significance was reduced given the smaller number of cases (e.g., OR for the original exon 12–13 boundary, 1.47; P = 0.098). Ashkenazi Jewish Founder Mutations. The elevated frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the Ashkenazi population and the ease of testing for the three founder mutations compared with screening two entire genes make it likely that Ashkenazi families would be more readily offered mutation screening than would other families with comparable cancer histories. Accordingly, the median numbers of breast and ovarian cancers per family were lower among the Ashkenazi families than the non-Ashkenazi families (median number of breast cancers, 2 versus 3; median number of ovarian cancers, 1 versus 2, respectively). This explains in part the differences between the results of the full analysis (significantly lower ovarian cancer risk associated with 3′ mutations) and those of the analysis excluding the Ashkenazi families (no variation in ovarian cancer risk observed). A recent study of 208 Ashkenazi Jewish ovarian cancer patients reported a lower risk of ovarian cancer in carriers of the 5382insC mutation than in 185delAG carriers, but found no difference in breast cancer risk between the two mutations (15) . Most other studies have failed to find any significant difference in risk between the two mutations, possibly because the numbers of carriers of each mutation are small, particularly for the less common 5382insC (16 , 17) . When we excluded either the Ashkenazi families or the original CRC families, the apparent absence of variation in ovarian cancer risk with mutation position concurred with the findings of a recent study of cancer risks in first-degree relatives of a population series of ovarian cancer patients (18) . In contrast to our results, they reported a significant upward trend in breast cancer risk with increasingly 3′ mutation position. However, of the 39 BRCA1 ovarian cancer patients in their study, only 21 had at least one female first-degree relative with breast and/or ovarian cancer; hence, the numbers of cases associated with mutations in any region of BRCA1 were necessarily small. Comparison with BRCA2. The pattern of breast cancer risk variation is reminiscent of that observed for BRCA2, where a lower risk of breast cancer is associated with mutations in the central third of the gene named the OCCR (19) . The BRCA2 reduction in breast cancer risk is slightly larger than for BRCA1 (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46–0.84; P = 0.001; Ref. 10 ). This reduction in OCCR breast cancer risk is accompanied by a less significant increase in OCCR ovarian cancer risk, which was not seen in BRCA1. In BRCA2, the OCCR coincides with the eight BRC repeat motifs, at least six of which have been shown to bind RAD51, a gene involved in the homologous repair of double-strand DNA breaks (20, 21, 22) . BRCA1 also binds RAD51 via a domain in exon 11 (23) , suggesting that BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51 may operate in a common pathway. In the light of the BRCA2 result, it is intriguing that the 5′ boundary of the BRCA1 central region defined in this study coincides with the start of the BRCA1 RAD51-binding domain and that the 3′ boundary is coincident with the end of exon 11 (Fig. 1)⇓ . Although the biological mechanism underlying the genotype-phenotype correlation is not known, this observation adds weight to the hypothesis that BRCA1/2 proteins truncated midway through the RAD51-binding domain have bound incompletely, and behave differently from truncated proteins that have either bound correctly or not at all. However, it is possible that the positions of the risk-region boundaries relative to the RAD51-binding domain are merely coincidental and that some other mechanism involving, e.g., BRCA1 splice variants, may be at work. We also attempted to evaluate the risks associated with MS mutations in BRCA1. Although large numbers of single-amino acid substitutes in BRCA1 have been reported (summarized on the BIC database), most are probably not strongly disease associated. We therefore restricted out attention to those variants classified as mutations by BIC. Twelve of the families in our set had MS mutations in BRCA1, 9 of which were located in the RING zinc-finger domain near to the NH2 terminus, a cysteine-rich motif thought to be involved in DNA binding or protein-protein interactions (codons 20–68 in exons 2–5; Fig. 1⇓ ; Refs. 2 , 24 ). The RING domain is known to bind to BARD1 and BAP1 (25 , 26) and displays perfect homology between human and murine BRCA1 (27 , 28) , providing strong evidence of the functional significance of mutations in this region. The nine families all had mutations that change a cysteine into a glycine or a tyrosine and, hence, would be expected to affect DNA binding. This study provides direct evidence that RING finger mutations are pathological. Although the small number of families studied meant that cancer risks did not differ significantly from the 5′ PT baseline, the results suggest that MS mutations in the RING domain confer risks of breast cancer similar to those associated with PT mutations in the 3′ region of BRCA1 and risks of ovarian cancer that are similar to or lower than those for 3′ PT mutations. Of the other MS mutations seen in the set of families, two were located in the BRCT region located toward the COOH terminus of BRCA1. The region contains two tandem copies of a BRCT motif (codons 1649–1736 and 1756–1855; Fig. 1⇓ ). The BRCT region is highly conserved between species (27, 28, 29) and shows strong similarity to a human protein known to bind p53; hence, the BCRT region is believed to be functional (30) . Members of the two families with MS mutations in this region had a total of 3 ovarian cancers and 19 female breast cancers diagnosed below age 60. Unfortunately, we did not have enough data to estimate the risks associated with mutations in this region. Male Breast Cancer. A recent study found a 7% risk of breast cancer in male BRCA2 mutation carriers by age 80 years; this is ∼80 times higher than in the general population, but it still only accounts for ∼10% of male breast cancers (10) . Although Struewing et al. (31) reported that 4 of 110 Israeli Jewish male breast cancer patients carried germ-line 185delAG BRCA1 mutations, the general consensus seems to be that BRCA1 mutations account for only a very small proportion of male breast cancers in other populations (32, 33, 34) . Our data support this: in 365 families, we observed just seven cases of male breast cancer (mean age, 55 years). Three cases carried germ-line mutations, and the other four had not been tested. All were from different families, and as the mutations in these families are spread across exons 2, 8, 11, 17, and 18, there is no suggestion of any BRCA1 genotype-phenotype correlation for male breast cancer. Conclusions. Although we were able to demonstrate differences in cancer risks between three regions of BRCA1, the true variation may be more complicated than this. Given the many mutations, it may be impossible to provide estimates for each individual mutation, although functional analysis may allow a more rational classification of mutations. This study has provided hypotheses about differences in risk that can be tested, e.g., in population-based studies. If these differences can be observed in other studies, they will improve the accuracy of the predicted risks available to patients undergoing genetic testing. Following are the contributing centers and the names of the principal investigators. The number of families contributed by each center is given in brackets: CRC Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (coordinating center): D. Easton, D. Thompson, L. McGuffog University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA: B. Weber, L. Campeau [97 families] Institut Curie, Paris, France: D. Stoppa-Lyonnet, S. Gad [77 families] CRC Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom: B. Ponder, S. Gayther, A. Taylor [44 families] University of Lund, Sweden: A. Borg, N. Loman, O. Johannsson, H. Olsson [32 families] Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom: M. Stratton, D. Ford, J. Peto, R. Eeles [25 families] University Central Hospital, Departments of Oncology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki, Finland: H. Eerola, H. Nevanlinna [20 families] Creighton University, Omaha, NE, and IARC, Lyon, France: H. T. Lynch, S. Narod, D. Goldgar, G. Lenoir, O. Sinilnikova [16 families] Duke University Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center, Durham, NC: A. Futreal [15 families] University of Leiden and Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden, the Netherlands: P. Devilee, H. Vasen, C. J. Cornelisse [8 families] McGill University, Montreal, Canada: S. Narod (currently at University of Toronto) [6 families] National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD: J. Struewing [6 families] Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg and University of Würz burg, Germany: J. Chang-Claude, B. H. F. Weber, U. Hamann [5 families] University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT: S. L. Neuhausen, L. Cannon-Albright [5 families] Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Leeds, United Kingdom: D. T. Bishop, G. Crockford [4 families] Center Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France: Y. Bignon [2 families] Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Tumorgenetik, Berlin, Germany: S. Scherneck, S. Seitz [2 families] Karolinska Hospital, Dept of Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden: A. Lindblom [2 families] University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom: N. Haites, A. Schofield [1 family] Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France: H. Sobol [1 family] Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Manchester, United Kingdom: G. Evans [1 family] We thank Debbie Howe for help in preparing this manuscript. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. ↵1 The coordination and analysis of this study were supported by the Cancer Research Campaign and by a Concerted Action from the European Union. Data collection was supported by the Cancer Research Campaign, the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, The Swedish Cancer Society, Foundation de France, Biomed2 BMH4-CT96-1133, SAF 96/0192, the Nordic Cancer Union, The Cancer Society and Cancer Registry of Finland, the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative, NIH Grant RO1 CA77415 (to S. L. Neuhausen), American Cancer Society Grant 35 RPG-99-181-01-CCE (to S. L. Neuhausen), and the Utah Cancer Registry (supported by NCI Grant NO1-CN-67000, with additional support from the Utah State Department of Health and the University of Utah). ↵2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at CRC Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, United Kingdom. Phone: (44) 1223 740160/740157; Fax: (44) 1223 740159; E-mail: douglas{at}srl.cam.ac.uk ↵3 Consortium members who contributed families are listed fully at the end of the report. ↵4 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [for inherited breast cancer type 1 (MM 113705)]. ↵5 The abbreviations used are: BIC, Breast Cancer Information Core; PT, protein truncating; MS, missense; CRC, Cancer Research Campaign; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; OCCR, ovarian cancer cluster region. ↵6 http://www.nchgr.nih.gov/Intramural_research/Lab-transfer/Bic. Received June 15, 2001. Revision received December 7, 2001. Accepted January 17, 2002. Hall J. M., Lee M. K., Newman B., Morrow J. E., Anderson L. A., Huey B., King M-C. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science (Wash. DC), 250: 1684-1689, 1990. Miki Y., Swensen J., Shattuck-Eidens D., Futreal P. A., Harshman K., Tavtigian S., Liu Q., Cochran C., Bennett L. 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Murine BRCA1: sequence and significance for human missense mutations. Hum. Mol. Genet., 4: 2275-2278, 1995. Szabo C. I., Wagner L. A., Francisco L. V., Roach J. C., Argonza R., King M-C., Ostrander E. A. Human, canine and murine BRCA1 genes: sequence comparison among species. Hum. Mol. Genet., 5: 1289-1298, 1996. Koonin E. V., Altschul S. F., Bork P. BRCA1 protein products … Functional motifs …. Nat. Genet., 13: 266-268, 1996. Struewing J. P., Coriaty Z. M., Ron E., Livoff A., Konichezky M., Cohen P., Resnick M. B., Lifzchiz-Mercerl B., Lew S., Iscovich J. Founder BRCA1/2 mutations among male patients with breast cancer in Israel. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 65: 1800-1802, 1999. Stratton M. R., Ford D., Neuhasen S., Seal S., Wooster R., Friedman L. S., King M-C., Egilsson V., Devilee P., McManus R., Daly P. A., Smyth E., Ponder B. A. J., Peto J., Cannon-Albright L., Easton D. F., Goldgar D. E. Familial male breast cancer is not linked to the BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q. Nat. Genet., 7: 103-107, 1994. Friedman L. S., Gayther S. A., Kurosaki T., Gordon D., Noble B., Casey G., Ponder B. A. J., Anton-Culver H. Mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a male breast cancer population. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 60: 313-319, 1997. Csokay B., Udvarhelyi N., Sulyok Z., Besznyak I., Ramus S., Ponder B., Olah E. High frequency of germ-line BRCA2 mutations among Hungarian male breast cancer patients without family history. Cancer Res., 59: 995-998, 1999. Welcsh P. L., King M-C. BRCA1 and BRCA2 and the genetics of breast and ovarian cancer. Hum. Mol. Genet., 10: 705-713, 2001. Thank you for sharing this Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention article. You are going to email the following Variation in BRCA1 Cancer Risks by Mutation Position Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev April 1 2002 (11) (4) 329-336; Heritability of Pancreatic Cancer in PanC4 Study Conditional Survival in Breast Cancer Financial Hardship, Limiting Care, and Quality of Life Show more Research Articles	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2825
__label__cc	0.527265	0.472735	CRB in the media Uppsala University CRB News Item Stefan Eriksson advisor for good research practice Stefan Eriksson was recently appointed as the Vice-Chancellor’s advisor for good research practice. The position is new and entails advising the Vice-Chancellor and coordinating issues regarding good research practice at the university. Stefan Eriksson, Associate Professor at CRB Stefan Eriksson is Associate Professor and Senior Lecturer in Research Ethics at the Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics (CRB). His research revolves around fraud in research, regulation of research and publication ethics. Stefan Eriksson hopes the position as advisor to the Vice-Chancellor will create opportunities to spread knowledge about research ethics. “Good research practice is an instrument for trustworthy, successful research. Therefore, it is important that Uppsala University is characterised by high integrity- It is less about avoiding corruption than the pursuit of trust, honesty and responsibility. In that sense, this is an issue of quality”, says Stefan Eriksson By co-ordinated and strategic work both inside and outside the university, Stefan Eriksson hopes to make use of the engagement that already exists. Preventative work on quality and research ethics is central for good research practice and the public’s trust in research. An important part of the work is to uphold an in-house culture with living conversation on research ethics issues. “Young researchers in training will primarily do as those around them, not as they are told. Therefore, we must seek to create research cultures that do not exaggerate the competitive features, but seek cooperation and openness instead,” says Stefan Eriksson. Researchers need to open discussions on how to achieve responsible research environments and avoid cheating and deviations. Continued trust in research depends on a clear and regulated system for handling possible deviations, both at the university- and national level. CRB welcomes the Uppsala University’s initiative. By Anna Holm More news from CRB Future ethical standards for ICT, Big Data, AI and robotics Policymakers struggle to assess the ethical, legal and human rights impacts of IT systems in research, industry, and at home. At the same time, research needs to be useful for industry, academia, and society to have impact on policy. The PANELFIT, SHERPA and SIENNA projects just published an editorial in Orbit to explain the projects collaborate and work together with stakeholders to improve ethical, human rights and legal frameworks for information and communication technologies (ICT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. First European biobank for research on breast milk and medicines A new large European research project will fill the knowledge gaps when it comes to medical treatments of pregnant and nursing women. To be able to evaluate the effects of drugs during pregnancy and breast feeding, Uppsala biobank will collect and store breast milk and blood samples form pregnant and nursing women currently under medical treatment. The samples will be collected from women around Europe. In addition, the drug analysis platform UDOPP at the SciLifeLab’s Uppsala site will develop methods and technology to analyze drug residues in milk and blood. Testing for hereditary (genetic) diseases before pregnancy raises ethical issues Screening all or most couples for genetic disease before pregnancy could provide more options for couples who want to have children. But this would also threaten the core values of the Swedish health care system. Amal Matar gave an interview on the ethics of genetic screening before pregnancy, the subject of her dissertation, in Dagens Nyheter (DN), Sweden's largest morning newspaper. Nurses and physicians have different views on DNR orders Entering the room of a patient with cardiac arrest not knowing if there is a DNR order is something nurses don't want to experience. But this still happens. Ethical conflicts surroundings decisions not to resuscitate are common. Mona Pettersson spent 8 years researching DNR orders and in the process she interviewed both nurses and physicians. Monitored by mom and dad Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist, senior lecturer in biomedical ethics and researcher at Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, was interviewed for the Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (Utbildningsradion, UR) about the ethics of parents monitoring their children via GPS. What should we eat? New Swedish book on food and ethics Anna T. Höglund, Associate Professor of Ethics, recently published a book in Swedish about food and ethics. According to her, asking the simple question "what should we eat?" raises questions relating to production and consumption of food. We are constantly reminded about the fact that the food we eat influences climate, how animals are taken care of, and the fact that what we eat has an influence on our health. Research participants struggle to understand test results Åsa Grauman, PhD student at the Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, asked people who participated in the large SCAPIS study how they perceived the test results they received after taking part in the project. They value the health screening, but identify shortcomings in the communication of test results. Public awareness of antibiotic resistance Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. Mirko Ancillotti's research focuses on the Swedish public's perception of this growing issue. Should we be screening future parents for genetic disorders? Should public health-care systems provide couples with expanded screening for genetic disorders before they decide to become pregnant? Screening programmes could increase our reproductive choices and autonomy. But there are ethical issues at stake. HBP's Ethics Rapporteur Programme: Q&A with Manuel Guerrero CRB’s Manuel Guerrero is task leader for the Human Brain Project’s Ethics Rapporteur Programme. Find out how this programme works to create communication links within the project to achieve and maintain the projects Responsible Research and Innovation goals. Patients' perspectives on being included in medical product decision making Including patient perspectives in medical product development and decision making is of increasing interest to patients themselves, physicians, authorities, and the pharmaceutical industry. Patient preference studies allows patients to influence decisions and drug development. CRB's Karin Schölin Bywall was interviewed on the subject by the Swedish Rheumatism Association. Research - for better or for worse? How do we ensure responsible research and research ethics? How do we minimize the risk of research results are used maliciously or fall into the wrong hands? And who is responsible for the results of research? The issue was discussed at FORMAS' breakfast seminar November 29th. The complicated ethics of deciding not to resuscitate If a patient is seriously ill, and would not be helped by CPR, there should be a well-documented decision not to resuscitate. But the decision is sometimes made too late, unclear, or not sufficiently communicated. And in the middle of this stands the nurse. Expected to quickly interpret the situation. In her thesis, Mona Pettersson describes the complicated ethics of DNR orders in hematolocy and oncology. Including patients in decisions about drugs Companies and authorities sometimes involve individual patients and patient representatives in their decisions. By using preference studies, we can find out what larger groups of patients think about drugs. And how they weigh the good and the bad against each other. But what do patients think about being included in these decisions? Neuroscience of drug addiction highlights ethics and policy A recently published paper on the neuroscience of drug addiction raises ethical and policy issues arising out of addiction. The paper concludes social and economic circumstances contribute towards the propensity of individuals to become addicted. Deciding not to resuscitate: nurses’ and physicians’ perspectives When deciding not to resuscitate patients in cardiac arrest, ethical issues arise. Nurses and physicians conflicting perspectives often cause frustration. In a new doctoral thesis from Uppsala University, Mona Pettersson examines clinical and ethical perspectives on “DNR orders” in cancer care. Article on gene editing one of the most cited in European Journal of Human Genetics A paper by CRB researcher Heidi C. Howard et al. on points and questions to consider for a responsible way forward for gene editing in humans is listed as one of the most cited and shared articles published in European Journal of Human Genetics between 2016-2017. Biobank Sweden launches ELSI Helpdesk The Swedish Research Council-funded research infrastructure Biobank Sweden supports healthcare providers and universities with medical faculties working towards national harmonization in biobanking. Cancer patients receive inadequate information Cancer patients looking for online information about experimental clinical drug trials risk finding that is not only bad, but sometimes also wrong. Also on official websites that aim to inform about available trials. According to a recently published study from Uppsala University, this can lead to consequences for patients. Genetic risk: Should researchers let people know? Should researchers inform research participants, if they discover genetic disease risks in the participants? Yes, many would say, if the information is helpful to the participants. However, the value of complex genetic risk information for individuals is uncertain. In a PhD thesis from Uppsala University, Jennifer Viberg Johansson suggests that this uncertainty needs to be acknowledged by both geneticists and ethicists. Transferring biobank research data between the EU and African countries Despite the fact that the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides ways to transfer data, it is difficult to find ways to share data between Europe and Africa. The feasible routes rely on EU enforcement. This means the possibilities for oversight are limited, leading to considerable data privacy risks. Ethical competence in DNR decisions Decisions not to resuscitate are frequently made within hematology and oncology care. Nurses and doctors involved in the decision-making face ethical dilemmas. To act in the best interest of the patient, they need to trust their ethical judgements. To do that, they need ethical competence. RRI & philosophy in the Human Brain Project Scientific endeavors raise many ethical, legal and social questions. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has become an important ethical and political theme for the European Commission. A recent publication from researchers in the Human Brain Project suggests that philosophical reflection could complement the RRI approach by providing ontological and epistemological perspectives on science. Book release: "På spaning efter etik" on ethics & healthcare management Politicians, officials and healthcare directors have a major influence on the health conditions and opportunities to work in practice. What is their view on their own responsibilities? And what ethical skills are needed for management of care at county council level? Autonomous cars – how safe is safe enough? Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist, Senior Lecturer in Medical Ethics at CRB, calls for ethical transparency of incident scenarios autonomous cars may face. She has immersed herself in ethical issues in relation to autonomous cars and artificial intelligence. Where to publish and not to publish in bioethics Allegedly, there are over 12.000 so called predatory journals out there. Now, Stefan Eriksson and Gert Helgesson present an updated list of where tp publis and not to publish in bioethcs. A continuum of consciousness There is a need for an overarching theory of consciousness in both science and philosophy. To build one, members of the CRB neuroethics and philosophy team suggest we should look at the brain as something more than an input-output machine. Instead, they propose focusing on its intrinsic activity. Ethics and autonomous cars A Volvo model Uber-taxi recently hit a woman in Arizona, US. The car was in autonomous mode. According to Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist, Senior Lecturer in Medical Ethics at CRB, this case highlights several of the ethical issues relating to self-driving cars. Looking for legal project coordinator We are looking for a legal project coordinator for the Swedish ELSI-helpdesk that will provide service for researchers connected to the Swedish research infrastructure Biobank Sweden. Apply by February 20, 2018. Likelihood not always informative when making sense of genetic risk The likelihood of disease is not always informative to research participants. The numeric sense of genetic risk does not always correspond to their understanding of risk information. Instead, research participants tend to understand genetic risk as a binary concept: you either are at risk, or you are not. SIENNA: Preparing the ground for responsible innovation Policy makers all over the world struggle to assess the ethical and human rights impact of new research in genetics and genomics, human enhancement, artificial intelligence and robotics. Researchers from four continents have teamed up in the SIENNA project to help improve existing ethical and legal frameworks. CRB is part of a consortium that receives a financial contribution of just under €4 million from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme. Report from Uppsala workshop on Public Private Partnerships The focus on Public Private Partnership (PPP) emerged as PPPs are strongly endorsed as a model by EU grant funding schemes. The stakeholders workshop Ethically and legally sustainable partnership between industry and public funded research initiatives: PPP and Rare diseases as a case study took place at Uppsala University, organized by the Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics (CRB), RD-Connect and the COST Action CHIP ME on 7-8 November 2016. A wide range of Stakeholders took part to the event creating a very interesting and challenging discussion from different perspectives. Moving away from anthropocentric views of personal identity Personal identity is one of the more frequently discussed themes in bioethics. What does it take for people like us to survive and exist? The answers tend to focus either on the psychological aspects of personal identity, or biological facts: that we are essentially animals. DEBATE: Who is responsible when technology decides for us? Reflection is neccesary if technology is going to contribute to the good society. This is the message from Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist in NyTeknik this week. James Giordano joins the CRB neuroethics team We are happy to announce that Professor James Giordano will join the CRB neuroethics team later this year. He is also part of the Human Brain Project’s neuroethics and philosophy team where he is one of the task leaders. Stem cells: a new type of biobank material? Stem cells are perhaps not what first springs to mind as biobank material. Yet, even stem cells can be biobank material and there are biobanks that focus on stem cells. The use of this biobank material, however, has some unique features. A new Swedish legal framework for handling alleged misconduct Recently, a Swedish Government Inquiry proposed a new legal framework for handling and investigating research misconduct. A new act is suggested to enter into force on 1st of January 2019. Here, Anna-Sara Lind presents the main novelties in the proposal. B3Africa: first 18 months In its first 18 months, B3Africa has taken two essential steps: the development of a technical solution for biobank research, and the design of a culture sensitive ethical and legal framework to ensure the rights of the sample donors are safeguarded. New Swedish legal officer in the BBMRI-ERIC ELSI helpdesk From February 1 2017, LL.D. Santa Slokenberga is taking over Moa Kindström Dahlin’s obligations at the BBMRI-ERIC ELSI Common Service. We need to discuss the ethics of technology Technology is developing rapidly. In a recent interview in Computer Sweden, Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist offers her view on the responsibility that engineers, developers and companies have, and the values technologies bring. Ulrik Kihlbom Associate Professor of Medical Ethics The disciplinary domain of medicine and pharmacy at Uppsala University recently appointed Ulrik Kihlbom Associate Professor of Medical Ethics. New study on children’s rights in biomedicine The Council of Europe’s Committee on Bioethics (DH-BIO) just published a report identifying areas in science and biomedicine that could affect children’s rights. The report is written by three medical lawyers from Uppsala University. New research ethics training for supervisors Why does research ethics matter? What do you need to know as a supervisor? The disciplinary domain of medicine and pharmacy at Uppsala University is launching a new course for all main supervisors. Swedish research data inquiry on exceptions The Swedish Government has decided to commission a Research Data Inquiry to review regulations regarding the processing of personal data for research. The reference group includes three researchers from CRB: Mats G. Hansson, Anna-Sara Lind and Jane Reichel. New research on cyber governance of health data Digital technology creates both a chance and a pressure to use health data for research and commercial purposes. But this emerging ‘health cyberspace’ needs to be handled in a way that meets our social expectations on governance, security and privacy. And at the same time allows data to be used in ways that are beneficial to society. This is what a project supported by Nordforsk is setting out to do. Legal aspects of direct-to-consumer genetic testing Regulating health services is challenging because of the multitude of legal questions it raises. Not only do they relate to the quality of the service and protection of its users, but also to the competence and authority of actors involved. Here Santa Slokenberga, LLD, offers insights from her research on regulating direct-to-consumer genetic testing at the European level. Swedish radio about genetics, ethics and law Today, Swedish Radio’s P1 programme ”Vetandets värld” talks about whether parents should be allowed to check their unborn children’s entire genome and other gene-ethical and legal issues. The panel consists of Jane Reichel, Professor of administrative law and Santa Slokenberga, doctor of medical law, both part of the CRB team, Richard Rosenquist Brandell, professor in clinical genetics at Uppsala University and Lisa Fogelberg from the breast cancer organisation Agatha. Funding for ethical and legal aspects of stem cell research Mats G. Hansson, Professor of Biomedical Ethics, has received a 2,100,000 SEK grant from the Swedish Research Council. The research will provide analysis of the ethical and legal aspects of using human embryonic stem cells to develop islets of insulin producing cells for patients with diabetes. The project will also develop guidance for clinical practice. Giving patients a voice in drug development The patient perspective is important in all medical research, and particularly in drug development. This month, a public private research initiative called PREFER, is launched to assess when and how patient preferences on benefits and risks should be incorporated in decisions on medicinal products.	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2827
__label__wiki	0.611441	0.611441	Arts & Culture, Experience, Learn, Partners, Programming Delta Center organizes museum tours for architecture students Delta Center staff members Dr. Rolando Herts and Lee Aylward at GRAMMY Museum Mississippi with Ross Barkley of Eley Barkley P.A. Engineering and Architecture (center), Jimmie Tucker of Self and Tucker Architects (far right), and the University of Memphis National Organization of Minority Architects Student Competition Team. During the spring 2016 semester, The Delta Center For Culture and Learning has hosted several student groups visiting the region from a variety of higher education institutions, including Mississippi State University, Harvard Law School, Yale University and Emory University. Most recently, The Delta Center arranged two museum architectural tours for members of the National Organization of Minority Architecture Students (NOMAS) from the University of Memphis. The students visited GRAMMY Museum® Mississippi on Delta State’s campus and the B.B. King Museum and Delta Interpretive Center in Indianola. The NOMAS design competition team is developing a cultural heritage museum concept for Los Angeles’ historic Crenshaw district. The group of students was sponsored by Jimmie Tucker of Self and Tucker Architects, a Memphis-based firm that has designed the National Civil Rights Museum, STAX Museum and FedExForum. Ross Barkley discusses Mississippi Delta cultural heritage elements used in designing GRAMMY Museum® Mississippi. “This national student competition is requiring our architecture students to incorporate design elements that reflect local cultural heritage,” said Tucker. “These tours provided insights and a back story that we would never have been aware of just by visiting these museums by ourselves.” “The Delta Center continues to fulfill its mission by providing place-based learning opportunities for students and visitors from around the state, the nation and the world,” said Dr. Rolando Herts, director of The Delta Center. “These customized educational experiences about the Mississippi Delta can only happen when groups come to visit us here in the Mississippi Delta.” Lee Aylward of The Delta Center made arrangements for the students to experience a personalized tour of the GRAMMY Museum with Ross Barkley of Eley Barkley P.A. Engineering and Architecture. Barkley was one of the lead architects for the museum. The Eley Barkley firm is based in Cleveland. “Mr. Barkley showed us program, concept and schematic design documents,” said Tucker. “These are excellent examples that our students will be able to use to ignite and inform their design process.” “Ross Barkley’s expertise in bringing projects like this to completion was invaluable to its final outcome,” added Aylward. “The GRAMMY Museum will stand as a testament to his talent and ability.” During their visit to the B.B. King Museum, the students toured the existing museum structure and discussed plans for the museum’s expansion with Robert Terrell, director of operations. The expansion includes a memorial courtyard for the late B.B. King, known as the King of the Blues and Mississippi’s Secretary of the State of the Blues. Robert Terrell talks with NOMAS members about plans for the B.B. King Memorial Courtyard. Tagged: BB King, Grammy Museum, Architecture DCCL immerses Swedish tour group in Mississippi Delta's culture MDNHA, Delta Center partner with Delta Jewels author for Smithsonian presentation	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2830
__label__wiki	0.668127	0.668127	Sri Lanka levels ODI series against Pakistan August 27, 2014 DailyShelter cricket, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (Sprot360)- Thisara Perera smashed 65 off 36 balls and then grabbed three wickets as Sri Lanka thumped Pakistan by 77 runs in the second one-dayer to level the three-match series 1-1. Sri Lanka recovered from 194-6 to post a commanding 310-9 in their 50 overs after electing to bat, before dismissing Pakistan for 233 in 43.5 overs in the day-night match in Hambantota. Pakistan had won the first match at the same venue by four wickets last week. The decider will be played in Dambulla on Saturday. A second-wicket stand of 96 between Ahmed Shehzad (56) and Mohammad Hafeez (62) lifted Pakistan to 114-1 by the 18th over before nine wickets fell for the addition of 119 runs. Hafeez, who had taken three wickets in Sri Lanka’s innings, appeared in good batting form with 11 boundaries when he was leg-before to spinner Seekkuge Prasanna. Umar Akmal was caught behind off Tillakaratne Dilshan for one and Shehzad became leg-spinner Prasanna’s second victim through a smart catch by veteran wicket-keeper Kumar Sangakkara. Left-arm spinner Rangana Herath removed skipper Misbah-ul Haq (36) and Sohaib Maqsood (nine), before Perera ensured a quick finish to the innings by taking the next three wickets. Earlier, Sri Lanka were reduced to 62-3 when skipper Angelo Mathews (93) and Mahela Jayawardene (67) retrieved the situation by adding 122 for the fourth wicket. The dismissal of Jayawardene in the 34th over — the first of three wickets in as many overs by Hafeez — saw Sri Lanka collapse from 184-3 to 194-6. Perera helped Mathews add 87 off 57 balls for the seventh wicket before the captain holed out to mid-wicket against Wahab Riaz seven runs short of a century. Perera smashed five boundaries and four sixes in his whirlwind innings as the hosts plundered 101 runs in the last 10 overs. Hafeez finished with three for 39 from 10 economical overs, while Riaz took four for 65. Hafeez stepped in for the prolific Saeed Ajmal, who was yet to return from Australia, where he underwent tests on his bowling action after being reported by the umpires during the preceding Test series. Pakistan, hoping to win the one-day leg after they lost the Tests 2-0, were also without frontline batsman Younis Khan, who returned home following a death in the family. Sharjeel Khan replaced Younis, while Sri Lanka dropped batsman Dinesh Chandimal to play Prasanna. The match was originally slated to be played in Colombo on Wednesday, but heavy rains in the Sri Lankan capital forced officials to change the venue and advance the game by a day. ← Indian and Pakistani troops intensify firing across the border Dubai police strick rules against women → De Villiers Challenges Gayle as South Africa posts 408-5 February 27, 2015 DailyShelter Comments Off on De Villiers Challenges Gayle as South Africa posts 408-5 Pakistan’s head coach Waqar Younis hopes Pakistan will better Tests October 17, 2014 DailyShelter Comments Off on Pakistan’s head coach Waqar Younis hopes Pakistan will better Tests Jacques Kallis – one of the greatest players July 31, 2014 DailyShelter Comments Off on Jacques Kallis – one of the greatest players	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2842
__label__wiki	0.728633	0.728633	The Coral's first album m-dizzle [Edit] [Delete] 10 replies 17:20, 6 October '09 Fucking awesome. Skeleton Key is fantastic it's a pretty good album, probably still their best. I do like Magic and Medicine and The Invisible Invasion though. charliepanayi \| 6 Oct '09, 17:28 \| X agreed although, i think Magic and Medicine is there best, im sure many would argue. whats happening with the coral these days, havent heard anything from them in a while. fishwho \| 6 Oct '09, 17:30 \| X There's the odd tune on Magic and Medicine But it's nowhere near as quality and cohesive as their debut. No idea what they're doing! m-dizzle @fishwho \| 6 Oct '09, 17:49 \| X No way, as much as i love there debut, every track on magic and medicine could be a potential single bar "Eskimo Lament", easily there best. It'd be nice to to see the coral back on the road again, they did a few acoustic shows after there (was it?) guitarist left and have been dead since, bit off a shame really. fishwho @m-dizzle \| 14 Oct '09, 02:39 \| X It is indeed brilliant but i've been disappointed with everything they've done since. That last album was SOOOOOOOO shit. GS2008 \| 6 Oct '09, 17:32 \| X 'In the rain' is a quality track off the last album, as good as anything they've done but i agree the rest of the album is forgettable. Last i heard, Bill Ryder Jones had left the band, shame cos he was one of the best young guitarists in the land bobby_dazzler @GS2008 \| 6 Oct '09, 17:51 \| X Is "In the Rain" the one I really liked on the last album? I don't expect you to know the answer to that. But I presume it is. theguywithnousername @bobby_dazzler \| 6 Oct '09, 17:53 \| X theguywithnousername \| 6 Oct '09, 17:42 \| X codpieceface, m-dizzle, cyberdemon, dis-integration, and rikx this'd this I'll second that domgourlay \| 6 Oct '09, 17:54 \| X It's really good. unfamiliar \| 14 Oct '09, 12:50 \| X	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2854
__label__cc	0.731717	0.268283	Mexico - Tamaulipas - Aldama - Up to 500 citizens - El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) - Tamaulipas Facts about El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) Location of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) is located in the municipality of Aldama in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas with the GPS coordinates: Height over sea level of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) The locations medium height over sea level is 130 meters. Population in El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) The over all population of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) is 178 persons, 91 of them are male and 87 of them are female. The population of this place consists of 55 minors and 123 adults, with 43 of them being 60 years and older. Indigenous population of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) 6 inhabitants of the location El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) in Mexico live in indigenous households. 1 of the citizens 5 years and older, speak an indigenous language. The count of people who only speak an indigenous language without having knowledge of the Spanish language is 0 people, while 1 as well speak Spanish. A legal claim on health care and social insurance benefits have 81 citizens of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres). In El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) exist about 58 households. Of these households 58 are common houses or apartments, 9 are without floor and about 13 consist of one room only. 56 of the normal households have sanitary installations, 49 are connected to the public water supply, 46 have access to electricity. The economic situation allows 0 households to own a computer, 30 own a washing machine and 35 households are equipped with one ore more televisions. School and education in El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) 20 inhabitants of the population of 15 years and older did not visit a school and 82 persons did not finish the school. 25 visited only the 6 years lasting primary school, 4 visited and finished the college or similar scholar institutions. Map of El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) Add a reference to El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) <a href="http://www.en.nuestro-mexico.com/Tamaulipas/Aldama/Areas-de-menos-de-500-habitantes/El-Carrizal-Carrera-Torres/">El Carrizal (Carrera Torres)</a> El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) Fotos Do You know the places close to El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) ? Cinco de Febrero El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) El Carrizal Primero El Pulmón Higinio Tanguma Mesón Federal Raúl Luna Ruiz Tito Armenta Aureliano Caballero Siete Presas (La Quina) El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) in german El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) in spanish Localities close to El Carrizal (Carrera Torres) - see as well: up to 10, 20, 50, 100 or 500 inhabitants Adolfo López Mateos (Jaramillo) Antonio Villarreal Benito Juárez (La Negrita) Benito Juárez (Las Coloradas) El Barranco El Carrizal Segundo El Carrizo de Opichán El Olivo (El Ademe) El Plomo El Sombrerito El Vidal Francisco Villa (Pancho Villa) Guadalupe Victoria (Tres Piedras) Horacio Terán La Azufrosa (El Higuerón) La Cabecera Las Alazanas Las Yucas Mariano Matamoros Dos Ramón Corona Rancho de Piedra Real de Alamitos	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2859
__label__cc	0.503696	0.496304	Manx English Location of the Isle of Man within Ireland and the UK. English-speaking world English as a world language English as a lingua franca European language Loanwords in English Phonological history of English English phonology Anguillan Bermudian Malawian Namlish San Andrés–Providencia Trinidad and Tobagonian see also: List of dialects of English Category:English words and phrases Higher category: Language Manx English, or Anglo-Manx, is the historic dialect of English spoken on the Isle of Man, though today in decline. It has many borrowings from Manx, a Goidelic language, and it differs widely from any other variety of English, including dialects from other areas in which Celtic languages are or were spoken, such as Welsh English and Hiberno-English. Early Anglo-Manx contained words of Gaelic and Norse origin, but also came to be influenced by the speech of Liverpool and Lancashire in North West England. The Manx historian and linguist A.W. Moore noted that the dialect varied slightly from parish to parish but that the same turns of phrase and the same stock of words pervaded the whole Island. A.W. Moore's A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect (Oxford University Press, 1924) and W.W. Gill's Manx Dialect Words and Phrases (J.W. Arrowsmith, 1934) document the high-water mark of this dialect. The poet T.E. Brown was one of the first authors to use the Manx dialect in his work. In the early 20th century, poems and plays in the dialect were written by Cushag, J. J. Kneen, Christopher R. Shimmin and Juan Noa. In the mid-20th century, Kathleen Faragher wrote poetry in the dialect. Immigration and cultural influences from elsewhere, particularly the United Kingdom, have caused the disappearance of the dialect, with the exception of a few words and phrases. 1 Modern Anglo-Manx lexicon 1.1 Manx loanwords 1.2 Norse origin 1.3 Superstitions and word replacement 1.4 Anglo-Manx phrases 2 English words of Manx origin Modern Anglo-Manx lexicon[edit] Some of the following terms surviving from the original Anglo-Manx dialect are still in occasional use today. The task of identifying dialectal usage is complicated by the large cross-over between Manx Gaelic, idiomatic usage and technical/administrative terms such as "advocate" and "deemster". Across – The United Kingdom; referred to as across the water.[1] At – In possession of (from Gaelic usage). He's got a nice house at him (from Gaelic description of possession)[2] Aye – Yes[2] Boy – Common address from one male to another, originally an unmarried male (from Gaelic usage).Hey, Boy! is a common greeting between young men.[2] Bumbee – Bumblebees,[1] which children were told were bad fairies and captured in "Bumbee Cages".[3] Coalie – A coalfish (specifically P. virens). Comeover – A non-native person living in the Isle of Man.[2] Down North - In contrast to the English Up North. Moore records a usage in the other direction - "He came up to Peel from the Norss"[2] Fairy Flower – Red Campion, Silene dioica. (from Gaelic blaa ny ferrishyn, "the fairies' flower")[2] Feller/Fella – A man/mate (fellow), common to other dialects, but much more frequent in Anglo-Manx. For – towards, to; at the period of; wherefore, the reason why; in order to. Are you for goin'? (From Gaelic usage, erson).[2] Gilpin – Young fish of indeterminate species, especially Callig.[2] Herrin – Herring[2] Himself – The master of the house, the husband. Is himself in? (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of eh hene, "himself", emphatic "he").[2] In – In existence. The best that's in (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of ayn (in it), there (is)).[2] Jinny Nettle – the stinging nettle, Urtica dioica.[2] Lhergy – a hill-slope, or high wasteland. Goin' down the lhergy means "going downhill in life" (from Gaelic Lhiargee or Lhiargagh meaning "slope")[2] Little People – Fairies, supernatural beings. (from Gaelic usage; direct translation of Deiney Beggey or Mooinjer Veggey, "fairies" or "little people")[2] Mann – the Isle of Man; e.g. Gaut made it, and all in Mann[2] Manx and Manks – Pertaining to, or originating from the Isle of Man.[2] Manxie – A Manx person or a Manx cat.[2] Mark – A fishing-ground distinguished by landmarks.[2] Middlin' – Tolerable, an equivalent of the Manx, castreycair.[2] Neck – impudence; e.g. Oh, the neck of him!.[2] Skeet – News, gossip, and also to take a look (take a skeet) at something. Direct usage of Manx word "skeet" or "steet". Scutch – A quantity of something; e.g. There were a scutch of people there. (from Gaelic cooid, "selection", "amount", "number")[2] Snigs – Young eels, or sand-eels.[2] Themselves – Fairies, supernatural beings.[2] Twenty Four – The House of Keys. Yessir – Recorded by A.W. Moore in 1924 as a "disrespectful form of addressing a boy or man", used as an informal address to a local acquaintance in modern Anglo-Manx. Early 20th-century sources suggest that its origin may lie in a contraction of You, Sir, but Gaelic scholars have suggested that it is a hangover from Ussey, the emphatic form of You in Manx Gaelic, which is used in a similar context. Not congruous with Yes, Sir in mainstream English.[2] Manx loanwords[edit] Words of Manx Gaelic origin frequently cropped up in the original dialect, as did patterns of speech derived from Gaelic usage. In modern usage, much fewer words of Gaelic origin are used, symptomatic of the decline of Manx Gaelic in its later years. Bloghan – Pollock (specifically P. Virens), Saithe or Coalfish.[4] Bollan Bane – Mugwort.[4] Bonnag – A flat cake-bread, usually made with dried fruit.[4] Brabbag – Pronounced "Bravvag", to warm the backs of the legs by the fire.[4] Broogh – A steep bank, a grassy cliff/headland.[4] Callig – Pollock (specifically P. Pollachius).[4] Chimlee – A chimney.[2] Claddagh – land by a river[2] Croaghan – A horsefly.[2] Cronk – Hill.[2] Crosh Bollan – Mouth-bone of the Ballan Wrasse, worn as a charm.[2] Cruinnaght – Cultural gathering.[4] Curragh – bog, fen or swamp.[2] Cushag – ragwort, the National Flower of the Isle of Man.[2] Dub – A small hollow, damp area or pool.[2] Ellan Vannin – Isle of Man.[4] Farrain – Hogweed.[2] Garee – Wasteland (sometimes mis-spelt garey which instead means garden).[4] Glen – A wooded valley (in Manx this is glioan or glion). Gobbag – Pronounced govag, literally a dogfish, but used to mean someone from Peel.[4] Hop-tu-Naa – Hallowe'en. Cited by Moore as Hop-the-nei, which he suggests originates from Hop ! ta'n oie but possibly cognate with the Scottish Hogmanay, which is in origin not a Gaelic word. Jarrood – From the Manx for forget; people will speak of being a bit jarrood.[4] Jough – A drink[2] Keck – Animal dung, Shit[2] Keeill – A small ancient monastic cell or chapel.[2] Litcheragh – Lazy.[2] Mannin – Manx for Isle of Man. Compare with Ellan Vannin; Mannin is the genitive of Mannan, the name of the son of the god of the sea (Líor), Manannán mac Lír.[4] Mhelliah – A festival or party to celebrate harvest.[2] Moal – Literally slow, but used in the sense of ill.[2] Moaney – Peat-land.[4] Mollag – A dog/sheep skin fishing float; e.g., as fat as a Mollag or as full of wind as a Mollag.[2] Qualtagh – The first person met on New Year's Day, first-foot.[2] Sally/Sallie – A willow tree, whence the placename Ballasalla derives, from the Manx Shellagh, tr. willow. Skeeal – tr. story, or news.[2] Spiddag – A small sealing peg from a dog-skin fishing float (Mollag). Used colloquially to refer to something/someone small.[2] Suggane – Straw rope.[2] Tholtan – Abandoned traditional building.[4] Tramman – An elder tree.[4] Norse origin[edit] Fell – hill, of Norse origin.[1] Graip/Grep – recorded by Moore as "a manure fork", a hybrid agricultural tool that has parallels with the Norse "Greip" and the Scots "Graip"[2] Kirk – Church, used in parish names, of Norse origin[2] Tynwald – the Manx parliament, from Old Norse Thingvollr and originally written similarly to Icelandic with a þ which is pronounced [θ]. The thing means an assembly or court of justice and the vollr is a field or plain.[2] Superstitions and word replacement[edit] V'eh mee-lowit dy enmys mwaagh er boayrd, as conning, marish roddan as kayt. Va'n mwaagh 'fer yn chleaysh vooar', as yn conning 'pomet', as yn roddan 'sacote', as yn kayt 'scraverey'. — Neddy Beg Hom Ruy 1831–1908, Skeealyn 'sy Ghailck It was forbidden to name a hare on board, or a rabbit, or a rat or a cat. The hare was 'the big-eared fellow', and the rabbit 'pomet', and the rat 'sacote', and the cat 'scratcher'. — Edward Faragher 1831–1908, Skeealyn 'sy Ghailck Because of the unpredictable nature of weather in the Irish Sea, fishing could be a dangerous business – sailors were consequently very superstitious and it was considered taboo to use certain words or behaviours (using the word conney for rabbit, or whistling, for example) whilst on board ship. Some names were substituted for others – "rat" became "sacote" or "long-tailed fellow", amongst other names. This has evolved into a modern superstition in which the word "rat" (roddan in Manx) is considered unlucky, even when not used aboard ship. Although this particular sea-taboo was one amongst many and was not held to apply on land, it has become a popular modern belief that the word is somehow unlucky, and the sea-taboo has been adopted by some as a typical Manx practice, even though the old Manx people had no qualms in using the word, or its Manx equivalent, roddan. In modern times, even non-local and unsuperstitious people will refrain from using the word "rat", perhaps in an effort to fit in with those who take it seriously, or in an attempt to sound folksy. In reality this is a rather warped version of the original sea-taboo. Alternative words for rat in neo-Anglo-Manx dialect include longtail, Iron fella, Joey, Jiggler, Queerfella, Ringie, an r-a-t (a more recent expression). Anglo-Manx phrases[edit] A few phrases have survived to become common parlance, amongst these (all of Gaelic origin): Traa dy liooar – (Trah the looar) Manx for "time enough", either an incitement to take things easier, or an insult to a lazy person.[2] lhiam-lhiat – (lyam-lyat) An inconsistent person who changes sides easily – from Manx Gaelic for "with me – with thee"[2] Bock Yuan Fannee – "John the Flayer's Pony" – on foot, cf "Shanks' pony" in colloquial English.[2] Shoh Slaynt – The Manx toast, a Manx translation of "here's health", used as "cheers".[4] English words of Manx origin[edit] The following English words have Manx origins: Hop-tu-Naa - a Celtic festival held on the Isle of Man. Tynwald - the legislature of the Isle of Man. Regional accents of English speakers Gallo (Brittany) Lowland Scots Other English dialects heavily influenced by Celtic languages Anglo-Cornish Bungi creole Highland English (and Scottish English) Welsh English ^ a b c Gill, W.W. (1934). Manx Dialect Words and Phrases. J.W. Arrowsmith. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Moore, A.W. (1924). A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect. Oxford University Press. ^ Bumbee Cages ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Kelly, Phil. "Manx-English Dictionary". Retrieved 23 November 2012. Dialects and accents of Modern English by continent Varieties by common name Barrovian Bristolian "Mockney" Cumbrian Kentish Lancastrian Mackem Mancunian Multicultural London Pitmatic Received Pronunciation "Mummerset" Varieties by geographic location Tyneside Thames Estuary Abercraf Port Talbot Glaswegian South and West North and Appalachian Baltimorese Chicago; Detroit; Great Lakes General American Hoi Toider Indian; Native American Midwestern Old Southern Pennsylvania Dutch Pittsburghese Upper Midwestern Yeshivish Yooper Delaware Valley; Mid-Atlantic Philadelphia; South Jersey Great Lakes; Inland North Upper Peninsula of Michigan New York City; Northeastern New Jersey New York Latino Acadiana Chesapeake; Pamlico Black Nova Scotia Ottawa Valley Broad; Strine West Australian Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manx_English&oldid=898014091" Manx culture Manx language EngvarB from October 2013 Use dmy dates from October 2013 Articles containing Manx-language text	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2860
__label__cc	0.677548	0.322452	Kevin Spacey’s unprecedented fall from grace tests a stunned Hollywood – Los Angeles Times Los Angeles TimesIn a matter of days, a man who has won two Academy Awards and a Tony Award and been nominated for 12 Emmys was being all but erased from Hollywood. Literally. On Wednesday, in a move that stunned longtime industry observers, Sony Pictures …Ridley Scott’s Decision to Replace Kevin Spacey Sends the Right […] from WordPress http://ift.tt/2zLwjx5 Why Harvey Weinstein should give up his Oscar – SFGate SFGateWhile we’re waiting to find out which Hollywood (or political or business) big-wig is the latest massive (and possibly criminal) creep, we might want to consider how many of them have Academy Awards. Harvey Weinstein, whose alleged sexual assault on … and more …read more Source:: Academy Awards News By Google News from WordPress http://ift.tt/2zwgGZh Agnes Varda, 1 of cinema’s greats, reflects on Oscar honor – ABC News Agnes Varda, 1 of cinema’s greats, reflects on Oscar honorABC NewsIn recent years, the film academy has often used the awards — which are selected by the academy’s 54-member board — to reward a diverse group of filmmakers who have escaped the notice of the Oscars. Varda never received an Academy Award … and more […] from WordPress http://ift.tt/2Axl5cw Faith Hill’s Leg Has an ‘Angelina Jolie’ Moment at the 2017 CMA Awards – PEOPLE.com PEOPLE.comIt was a look that had fans reminiscing about Angelina Jolie’s headline-making style at the 2012 Academy Awards. The Oscar-winning actress hit the awards show that year in a black Atelier Versace gown, too, with a leg-baring slit. Her protruding leg …Faith Hill’s leg was the real winner at the CMA AwardsToronto Sun all 4 […] from WordPress http://ift.tt/2hWMmgL Kevin Spacey’s unprecedented fall from grace tests... Why Harvey Weinstein should give up his Oscar – SF... Agnes Varda, 1 of cinema’s greats, reflects on Osc... Faith Hill’s Leg Has an ‘Angelina Jolie’ Moment at...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2865
__label__cc	0.565825	0.434175	Movie review by David Blackwell 140 minutes, rated R STUDIO: Universal Studios/ Relativity Media/ Forward Pass/ Misher Films/ Tribeca Productions/ Appian Way Theatrical RELEASE DATE: 7-1-2009 STARRING Johnny Depp (John Dillinger), Christian Bale (Melvin Purvis), James Russo, Marion Cotillard (Billie Frechette) WRITTEN by Michael Mann and Roman Bennett and Ann Biderman, based on the book by Bryan Burrough DIRECTED by Michael Mann PUBLIC ENEMIES focuses on the last few years of John Dillinger as he robs banks and falls for a coat check girl named Billie. Tough FBI Agent Melvin Purvis is appointed the head of the Chicago field office by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Purvis is as cold as some of the crooks he catches. He knows he needs agents with old fashioned ways of fighting criminals that he calls in former Texas Rangers from Oklahoma and Texas to stop Dillinger and Baby Face Nelson. Meanwhile, Dillinger lives life without thinking about tomorrow. Will he think about it before it’s too late? PUBLIC ENEMEIES is like HEAT on steroids. Where HEAT had one shoot out, PUBLIC ENEMIES has several. Michael Mann directed the film to look like it’s a documentary with its digital grain much like the approach he used for COLLATERAL. Johnny Depp makes Dillinger very likeable and sympathetic. Compared to Dillinger, Agent Melvin Purvis (Christian Bale) is as bad as some of the criminals he is trying to stop. Baby Face Nelson is a psycho compared to Purvis and Dillinger. In the middle of the movie is a tragic love story between Dillinger and his girl. PUBLIC ENEMIES is one of the best movies of this summer alongside STAR TREK. This review is (c)7-6-2009 David Blackwell and cannot be reprinted without permission. Send all comments to lord_pragmagtic@hotmail.com	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2866
__label__cc	0.597508	0.402492	Gobar Times CSE Store India Environment Portal Green Clearance Watch ICRN India Environment Portal Knowledge for change Sub Portals WIIC-AAETI New method for evaluating winter air quality: PM2.5 assessment using Community Multi-Scale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) in Xi'an Data, Statistics & Infographics Question raised in Lok Sabha on Groundwater Resources in India, 27/06/2019 Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference Court Cases & Orders Judgement of the High Court of Bombay regarding construction of a coastal road, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 16/07/2019 Climate change reader for Universities Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel Question raised in Lok Sabha on Depleting Ground Water, 18/07/2019 Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary CSE gets 2018 Indira Gandhi Prize UN Climate Change Annual Report 2018 » Reducing demand for illegal wildlife: choosing the right messenger » Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin The Lake Victoria Basin is internationally recognised for its high freshwater species diversity and endemism, which are of critical importance to local livelihoods and national economies within the basin. However, freshwater ecosystems within the region are highly threatened, with current safeguards proving inadequate and the focus of much past and ongoing conservation work in the region focussing on terrestrial ecosystems. Systematic conservation planning analysis was used to identify a critical sites network for freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin, based on the existing protected area, KBA (including the newly delineated freshwater KBAs) and Ramsar site network. These Guidelines provide new and updated information and insights that will motivate actions to help safeguard the high diversity of life within freshwaters of the Lake Victoria Basin. Lake Victoria freshwater ecosystem.pdf Freshwater Ecosystems Lake Pollution Freshwater Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin-priorities for conservation action India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 India License Managed by the Centre for science and environment Promoted by the National commission	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2867
__label__wiki	0.891257	0.891257	Xbox Unveils $9.99 Monthly Subscription For Videogames (5) Licensed video games used to have a quite dangerous popularity not long ago. However, within the final era, Rocksteady Studios disproved this long-standing fable by delivering superb video games within the Batman Arkham series – Batman: Arkham Asylum and Batman: Arkham City. On the ABC Family network, mothers and daughters noticed sneak peeks of Avengers.” The film’s crimson-carpet premiere was streamed dwell on websites corresponding to E! and PopSugar. Anne Hathaway’s Catwoman, featured prominently within the trailer, appears to play an empowered feminine position that could draw in girls, IMDB’s Simanton mentioned. These are the best video games to star – or sometimes simply feature – the caped crusader. Heck, if we all know one thing here at Watchmojo, it’s that every little thing is best from Batman! Welcome to and at present we’re counting down our picks for the Top 10 Batman Games! This year’s smash hit reveals the upside of selling to ladies, mentioned Susie Rantz, a spokeswoman for GeekGirlCon, a gaggle that runs a convention celebrating girls’s roles in geek tradition from comics to science and gaming. Hoping to reach the record books, studios are attempting out new methods to get their superhero movie messages past the male-dominated comedian-guide crowd and in front of girls. The subscription will only be out there on Microsoft’s Xbox One videogame console and units operating its Windows 10 operating system. The summer pursuit of ladies follows this yr’s runaway success, The Hunger Games.” The movie is the most important film of the yr to this point with more than $600 million in international ticket gross sales, because of female followers who flocked to see resourceful warrior Katniss Everdeen and joined males who turned out for the sci-fi and motion components. The service, which will launch later this spring, will include games comparable to LEGO Batman”, Microsoft’s Halo 5: Guardians” and Take-Two Interactive Software Inc’s NBA 2K16”. Featuring relationships and powerful feminine characters, slightly than just action, is one way film marketers try to lure women. Stacy, performed by Emma Stone, is such an integral part of the story, so we wanted to highlight that within the advertising,” mentioned Marc Weinstock, president of worldwide marketing for Sony Pictures. Sony, for the first time, is using a cosmetics promotion for its new Spider-Man” movie that reaches theaters July three. During a panel held on the Wizard World occasion in Nashville, Tennessee, Kevin Conroy, an actor who has given his voice to Batman in his animated universe and in addition within the video games of the Arkham series, was questioned about the way forward for the franchise. This response by Kevin Conroy provides to the decision by Rocksteady to maneuver away from the Batman Arkham sequence to work on new projects. Rocksteady is probably engaged on another of Warner Bros. major IPs – there have been rumors of the studio targeted on a Superman sport, however there was no confirmation but. For Avengers,” Disney’s Marvel studio sent its superheroes to the pages of women’s magazines and feminine-focused TV shows. Later we had Batman: Arkham Origins developed by Warner Bros. Games Montreal and in 2015, Rocksteady returned to the sequence with Batman: Arkham Knight. Two years after the discharge of the last title fans have been wondering what’s going to happen to the series and voice actor Kevin Conroy was liable for answering that query. WatchMojo’s ten thousand videos on Top 10 lists, Origins, Biographies, Tips, How To’s, Reviews, Commentary and more on Pop Culture, Celebrity, Movies, Music, TV, Film, Video Games, Politics, News, Comics, Superheroes. Your trusted authority on rating Pop Culture. \| Tags: monthly, subscription, unveils, videogames Games At Miniclip.com The 10 Best PS3 Puzzle Games	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2868
__label__cc	0.714131	0.285869	Leveret is a new trio featuring three of England's top instrumentalists - Andy Cutting, Sam Sweeney (Bellowhead) and Rob Harbron (The Full English). All three are well known for their work with numerous artists and bands - listeners will have heard at least one of them along the way, and probably all three - but you will never have heard them like this before: playing music for its own sake, spontaneously and in the moment. There are no arrangements - the trio's music is built entirely on listening, understanding and trust. Over several years of working together on various projects, Sam and Rob had built up an extensive repertoire of tunes that they'd unearthed from manuscripts and tune books. Both had played with Andy occasionally along the way, and when all three of them were playing with Fay Hield's Hurricane Party the idea of doing some playing as a trio seemed compelling. They spent a weekend in Sam's house sharing repertoire and promptly booked a tour of small venues. A few months later they found themselves in the beautiful Red Kite Studio in Wales recording this album. After a couple of days of getting played in, the CD was recorded live in one room, in one day. In most bands, arrangements are fixed - tunes are played the same number of times through, players often play the same parts and so on. For this band, it feels entirely natural for all the decisions about the music to be made in real time; each piece is played as new and no two gigs will sound the same. Yet the sound is clear and coherent, balanced and focused - three distinct musicians speaking as one voice. The English tradition has not always valued its instrumental repertoire as highly as some of our neighbours - there are only a handful of recordings of source players - and yet the tunes are there in their thousands. This album comes at a time when there is a growing interest in instrumental music; it doesn't always fit into what has come to be known as 'the English style' but it's without doubt a current and contemporary recording of English repertoire by three top-notch instrumentalists with deep roots in the tradition. 01 - Bagpipers (4.58) 02 - Gallons of Cognac (3.15) 03 - Northern Lass / The Kings' Barrows (5.45) 04 - Jenny Pluck Pears (4.46) 05 - It's a Square Word / Cossack Square (3.46) 06 - Sylvia's Serenade / Blew Bell Hornpipe (6.12) 07 - Milford (3.10) 08 - New Anything / St Catherine (4.52) 09 - Glorishears / Foul Weather Call (4.59) 10 - Upon a Summer's Day / Abbots Bromley Horn Dance (6.24) 11 - Whitefriar's Hornpipe / Purlongs (4.44) Andy Cutting: diatonic button accordion, melodeon; Sam Sweeney: violin, viola; Rob Harbron: English concertina Labels: England, Leveret New Anything Great! Thanks my friend! Buck said... Once again I'm in your debt! Yet another brilliant album. Thank you so much CK! lambo said...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2870
__label__wiki	0.756368	0.756368	Events Home / Free Screening of 'Hidden Figures' Free Screening of 'Hidden Figures' Jul 16, 2019 – 6:00 PM Union County College Cranford Campus Roy Smith Theatre Cranford, NJ 07016 Map 6 p.m. July 16. In recognition of the 50th anniversary of the launch of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, the Union County Board of Chosen Freeholders will hold a free screening of the Oscar-nominated film, Hidden Figures, which portrays the true story of African-American women who played a pivotal role in the race to orbit the Earth in 1962. The screening includes a live presentation by Plainfield resident Marion Lee Johnson. While an associate engineer at Boeing, Johnson was instrumental in the 1969 Apollo 11 launch, which culminated in the successful Moon landing of astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Hidden Figures is the untold story of three women who served as the brains behind the launch into orbit of astronaut John Glenn in 1962. This visionary trio crossed all gender and racial barriers and inspired generations of women to achieve in STEM careers. As an engineer at Boeing, Johnson conducted trail runs and provided data input which led to the historic lunar landing on July 20, 1969. Johnson followed in the trailblazing footsteps of the three African-American women portrayed in the film Hidden Figures. Free; registration is required online at ucnj.org/women. Contact Jennifer Erdos, Union County Office on Women, jerdos@ucnj.org or call 908-527-4216. PHOTOS: 4 cocktails to make for Mom this Mother's Day PHOTOS: Jersey Cyclone Brewing to open in Franklin Saturday PHOTOS: Where to get a jury duty meal in Central Jersey PHOTOS: Cinnaholic opening in Westfield	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2872
__label__cc	0.612556	0.387444	Franchise FAQ Bret Seltzer Bret is an accomplished executive and attorney with extensive experience and expertise in franchise, business, and real estate law. His practice focuses on franchising, general business transactions, mergers and acquisitions, corporate formation and restructuring, alternative dispute resolution, and real estate law including leasing, lending, acquisition, development and landlord/tenant issues. Prior to forming Warshawsky Seltzer, PLLC, Bret worked in private practice at two of the Southwest’s preeminent business and real estate law firms. Bret was also in-house counsel at a few of the nation’s premier corporations, including Swift Transportation Company, National Developers Group of Companies and two nationally franchised restaurant companies. Email: bret@wslaw.net J.D., Arizona State University College of Law Corporate and Business Law Student Society – Founder and President Armstrong Award Scholarship Recipient Pedrick Scholar M.B.A., University of New Mexico, Anderson Graduate School of Management, Habitat for Humanity, Volunteer Special Olympics, Volunteer B.A. Economics, cum laude, University of New Mexico Dean of Students Scholarship Award Scholar-Athlete National Honors Division I Football Team Member Top quality legal services in the areas of franchising, licensing, distribution, corporate, general counsel, and real estate. 9943 East Bell Road info@franchiselawyers.com Privacy Policy \| Legal Disclaimer \| Copyright © 2017 Warshawsky Seltzer, PLLC. All rights reserved. \| Website by Miss Details Design	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2883
__label__wiki	0.6088	0.6088	FamilyEduNet - Families for Educational Success Challenges addressed FAPAC - FEDERACIÓ D’ASSOCIACIONS DE MARES I PARES D’ALUMNES DE CATALUNYA FAPAC is a federation of Students' Parents Associations of Catalonia, with more than 2000 AMPA spread in more than 750 villages, FAPAC has become the biggest federation in Catalonia gathering more than 475.000 families. FAPAC serves as a space for relation, coordination and common work between all AMPA of Catalonia with the purpose of strengthening and defending a Catalan, secular, equitable, integrative, inclusive, free, democratic, coeducational and quality public education. To achieve this, the federation encourages associative participation, coordination, reflection process and development of common projects between AMPA. Furthermore, acts as an agent of social and political influence in favor of education and offers to AMPA support services. EPA - EUROPEAN PARENTS’ ASSOCIATION EPA gathers the parents associations in Europe which together represent more than 150 million parents. EPA works in partnership both to represent and give to parents a powerful voice in the development of education policies and decisions at European level. In the field of education, EPA aims to promote the active participation of parents and the recognition of their central place as the primary responsible of the education of their children. EPA supports the participation and collaboration of parents in many educational respects by: - Gathering and disseminating information, - Highlighting innovation in educational partnership, - Promoting parents’ ongoing support and training, - Supporting research AMALIPE Amalipe Center for Interethnic Dialogue and Tolerance is a leading Roma organization, working for the equal integration of Roma in Bulgarian Society, The organization plays a central role in organizing a Roma civic movement and advocating for Roma integration within the state institutions. Amalipe is a member of the National Network of Children, the Civil Participation Forum, the National Patient organization, the European Women Lobby. At present the organozation has Community Develoment Centres and Local community clubs in 11 municipalities and works with a network of more than 170 schools. CONFAP - Confederação Nacional das Associações de Pais The National Confederation of Parents' Associations is a confederation of Parents and Carers’ Associations, and their associate members; it is a non-profit organization whose purpose is to bring together, coordinate, enhance, advocate for and represent, at national level, parents’ associative movement. We act as a social partner alongside sovereign bodies, relevant authorities and institutions to enable and facilitate parents and carers’ rights and responsibility to orientate and participate actively, as primarily responsible, in their children comprehensive education. An independent, non-religious, non-political, and plural organisation, we respect the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, advocate for and support families. RODZICE W EDUKACJI Association "Parents in Education" brings together parents and representatives of the Council of Parents and School Councils of Warsaw and the entire Poland. The Association is an organization working to build and support the parents in the school self-management through training and strengthening the Council of Parents and School Councils. We promote the rights and duties of parents and build the image of a competent parent, professionally supporting your child in the process of development, upbringing and education. Promoting the participation of parents in school life, we create a climate of dialogue based on partner relations students, parents and teachers. These activities help to build social capital and shaping school responsible citizenship. ERDISC - EQUIP DE RECERCA EN DIVERSITAT I INCLUSIÓ EN SOCIETATS COMPLEXES de la UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA ERDISC pursues knowledge building for diversity management in the context of complex societies, from an inclusive perspective. Such diversity management is envisaged as markedly educational, therefore focusing on education as a space where: - Civil society can gain skills to optimally enter processes of inclusive diversity management, with a view to social inclusion. - Civil society must find a framework where inclusive diversity management is a reality and not a project. ERDISC research covers three social dimensions: macro, meso and micro. IEFES - DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN. UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Research and Innovation areas: Asturias as a field of study Didactical Innovation and European Area (EEES) Methodologies, strategies and didactical resources Specific teaching Equality, coexistence and inclusion grafium FamilyEduNet in brief	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2887
__label__cc	0.545751	0.454249	Thoughts on "Parallel Stories" by Peter Nadas (by ... Magic Gifts: A Free Kate Daniels Novella by Ilona ... A Nice Chistmas Gift: "Percepliquis" by Michael Su... My Three Most Disappointing Books of 2011 (by Livi... Thoughts on "Leeches" by David Albahari and "The T... Deadcore: Four Hardcore Zombie Novellas (Reviewed ... BLOG TOUR: Maria V. Snyder on "The Trouble with Na... Stirred by J.A. Konrath & Blake Crouch (Reviewed b... NSB HOLIDAY COUNTDOWN: “A Dirge for Prester John” ... "Wasted Morning" by Gabriela Adamesteanu (Reviewed... A Cover Snapshot of my Current Reading List (by Li... NEWS: M. R. Mathias Announces Release Dates for “T... Three Indie Mini-Reviews: Child of the Ghosts, The... The Three Ruins Anthologies from Hadley-Rille Book... Several More Highly Anticipated 2012 Novels (by Li... Broken Blade by Kelly McCullough (Reviewed by Mihi... Interview with Kelly Gay (Interviewed by Mihir Wan... My Highly Recomended Books of 2011 in Covers (by L... NIGHT SHADE BOOKS HOLIDAY COUNTDOWN: Excerpt from ... "Native Star" by M.K. Hobson (Reviewed by Cindy Ha... "Saints Astray" by Jacqueline Carey (Reviewed by L... Zero Sum by B. Justin Shier (Reviewed by Mihir Wan... 2011 Goodreads Choice Winners and a Review of my P... Legend by Marie Lu (Reviewed by Mihir Wanchoo) "Rise of Empire" by Michael Sullivan (Reviewed by ... Two 2011 SF Novels that are past their expiration ... GUEST POST: “The Joy of Cooking Tropes” by Michael... NSB HOLIDAY COUNTDOWN: “A Dirge for Prester John” Short Story by Catherynne M. Valente INTRODUCTION: In celebration of Night Shade Book’s Holiday Countdown, Fantasy Book Critic is proud to present “A Dirge for Prester John”, the original short story that Catherynne M. Valente’s reimagining of the legend of Prester John—The Habitation of the Blessed (Volume One-Out Now), The Folded World (Volume Two-Out Now), The Spindle of Necessity (Volume Three-Out Late 2012) is based on. Enjoy! A Dirge for Prester John I. The Habitation of the Blessed We carried him down to the river. It churned: basalt, granite, marble, quartz—sandstone, limestone, soapstone. Alabaster against obsidian, flint against agate. Eddies of jasper slipped by, swirls of schist, carbuncle and chrysolite, slate, beryl, and a sound like shoulders breaking. Fortunatus the Gryphon carried the body on his broad and fur-fringed back—how his wings were upraised like banners, gold and red and bright! Behind his snapping tail followed the wailing lamia twelve by twelve, molting their iridescent skins in grief. Behind them came shrieking hyena and crocodiles with their great black eyes streaming tears of milk and blood. Even still behind these came lowing tigers, their colors banked, and in their ranks monopods wrapped in high black stockings, carrying birch-bark cages filled with green-thoraxed crickets singing out their dirges. The red and the white lions dragged their manes in the dust; centaurs buried their faces in blue-veined hands. The peacocks closed the blue-green eyes of their tails. The soft-nosed mules threw up their heads in broken-throated braying. The panthers stumbled to their black and muscled knees, licking the soil from their tears. On camels rode the cyclops holding out into the night lanterns which hung like rolling, bloodshot eyes, and farther in the procession came white bears, elephants, satyrs playing mourn-slashed pipes, pygmies beating ape-skin drums, giants whose staves drew great furrows in the road, and the dervish-spinning cannibal choir, their pale teeth gleaming. Behind these flew low the four flame-winged phoenix, last of their race. And after all of these, feet bare on the sand, skirts banded thick and blue about her waist, eyes cast downward, walked Hagia of the Blemmyae, who tells this tale. II. The First Moveable Sphere When we first found him, he was face-down in the pepper-fields, his skin blazed to a cracked and blistered scarlet, his hair sparse as thirsty grass. The pygmies wanted to eat him. He must have been strong to have wandered this far, from whatever strange country—they should have the right to bisect his liver and take the strength, wet and dripping, into their tribe. The red lion, Hadulph, nosed his maimed feet, and snuffled at his dark clothes. “He smells of salt water and pressed flour,” he announced, “and he who smells of pressed flour knows the taste of baked bread, and he who knows the taste of baked bread is civilized, and we do not eat the civilized, unless they are already dead and related to us, which is a matter of religion and none of anyone’s business.” I looked down at his shape between the black and red pepper plants, in their long rows like a chessboard. It looked like the end of a game to me: I stood over the toppled kingpiece, a big-shouldered knight who has managed, in her jagged L-shaped steps to finally make forward progress. I rubbed the soft and empty space above my collarbone—like a fontanel, it is silky and pulsating, a mesh of shadow and meat under the skin, never quite closed, and each Blemmye finds their own way with it, but often we are caught, deep in thought, stroking the place where our head is not. I stroked it then, considering the flotsam that the desert wind had washed onto our hard black peppercorns like the sands of a beach. “He is wretched, like a baby, wrinkled and prone and motherless. Take him to the al-Qasr, and iron him out until he is smooth,” I said quietly, and the pygmies grumbled, gnashing their tattooed teeth. Hadulph took the stranger on his broad and rosy back, where the fur bristles between his great shoulder blades, and that is how Presbyter Johannes came into our lives on the back of one beast, and left on the back of another. III. The Crystalline Heaven Behind the ivory-and-amethyst pillars of the al-Qasr, which he insisted we rename the Basilica of St. Thomas, I sat with my hands demurely in my lap, fingering Hadulph’s flame-colored tail. We sat in rows like children—the pygmies picked at their ears, the phoenix ran sticks of cinnamon through their beaks, carving it for their nests, the monopods relaxed on their backs, wide feet thrust overhead, each toe ringed with silver and emerald. Grisalba, a lamia with a tail like water running over moss, combed her long black hair, looking bored. John the Priest tried not to look at me. His hair had grown back, but it was white, whiter than a man his age should own. I told him once while he ran his tongue over the small of my back that the sun had taken all his blood, and left him with nothing in his veins but light. He, ever the good teacher, tried to make eye contact with each of us in turn, but he could not look at my eyes, he could not look down to the full curve of my high, sun-brown breasts, and the green eyes that stared calmly from their tips under a thick fringe of lashes. I blinked often, to interrupt his droning, and he tried to look only at where my head might be if I were a woman. A-ve. He repeated these words as if they had any meaning for us, sounding each syllable. We did not like Latin. It sat on our tongues like an old orange, sweet-sour and rind-ridden. A. Ve. A-ve Ma-ri-a. A. Ve. Mari. A. Grisalba yawned and picked at her tail, lazily slapping its tip against the chalcedony floor. Hadulph chuckled and bit into the consonants like elbow joints. A-ve Ma-ri-a gra-ti-a ple-na. Ti like she. Ple like play. She plays, gratia plena, Maria plays, ave Maria gratia plena. A. Ve. Mari. A. Gra. Tea. A. Plea. Na. “I wonder what his sweat tastes like?” Grisalba murmured in my ear. I grinned, but he could not chide me, for that would mean glancing down past my nipple-eyes to the mouth-which-is-a-navel, and he would not risk it. No, no. She plays. She; play. Shall we try the Pater Noster instead then? Pa. Tear. No. Star. IV. Saturn, Cold and Dry The strange man lay on one of the fallen pillars in the central hall of the al-Qasr—the smooth tower of violet stone had crashed to the floor one day while the quarter-moon market bustled in the portico—tile-shards of gold and splinters of ebony came tumbling after it, and we could all see the stars through the hole it made, like coins dropped into the hand of heaven. A brace of tigers looked up from arguing with a two-faced apothecary about whether she should be allowed to sell the powdered testicles of greater feline castrati as aphrodisiacs; the lamia paused in their venom-dance; I placed an arm beneath my breasts and lifted my eyes from the scribe-work before me to the ceiling. We all looked back and forth from the fallen pillar to the hole in the roof, up and down, up and down: work to sky to ruined architecture. Of things that exist, some exist by nature, some from other causes, I had copied out from one greenish sheet of pepper-leaf paper to another. Animals and their variegated parts exist, and the plants and the simple bodies exist, and we say that these and the like exist by nature. The pillar had chipped its complex torus, and bitten into the onyx floor. All the things mentioned present a feature in which they differ from things which are constituted by art. Each of them has within itself a principle of stationariness (in respect of place, or of growth and decrease, or by way of alteration). The constellation of Taurus-in-Extremis, the Slaughtered Cow, could be seen winking through the broken wood, and ebony dust drifted down on a soft breeze off of the river. Even motion can be called a kind of stationariness if it is compulsive and unending, as in the motion of the gryphon’s heart or the bamboo’s growth. On the other hand, a bed or a coat or anything else of that sort, in so far as it is a product of art has innate impulses to change. Rich black earth had spurted up around the ruptured floor. The pillar’s belly was swathed in it. As an indication of this, take the well-known Antinoë’s Experiment: if you plant a bed and the rotting wood and the worm-bitten sheets in the deep earth, it will certainly and with the hesitation of no more than a season, which is to say no more than an ear of corn or a stalk of barley, send up shoots. I could just glimpse the edge of the sardis-snake which guarded the entrance of the al-Qasr, ensuring that no folk who are not lamia and thereby licensed, could bring poison under its roof. Behind it and far off, the Cricket-star flickered as if in chirruping song. A bed-tree would come up out of the fertile land, its fruit four-postered, and its leaves would unfurl as green pillows, and its stalk would be a deep cushion on which any hermit might rest. It is art which changes, which evolves, and nature which is stationary. The quarter-moon market gave a collective shrug and went about itself, stepping over the purple column and leaving it where it had fallen—wasn’t it better, the cyclops murmured, to let a little light in, and have a nice place to stretch one’s feet? I glanced back at my thrice-copied treatise, tiresome as all secondhand treatises are, and finished the page. However, since this experiment may be repeated with bamboo or gryphon or meta-collinarum or trilobite, perhaps it is fairer to say that animals and their parts, plants and simple bodies are artifice, brother to the bed and the coat, and that nature is constituted only in the substance in which these things may be buried—that is to say, soil and water, and no more. By the time we laid the stranger out on the pillar, it had grown over with phlox and kudzu and lavender and pepperwort, and we rested his battered head on a thatch of banana leaves. He moaned and retched like a sailor coughing up the sea, and I held him while he wracked himself clean. It was past the fishing hour when his eyes slitted open and his moth-voice rasped: “Thomas, I came searching for Thomas and his tomb, the Apostle, where is the Apostle?” Hadulph and I exchanged glances. “What is an Apostle?” The lion said. V. Jupiter, Hot and Moist We lay down on the altar that is a throne that was a sacrificial mound before the al-Qasr was the Basilica, and when we woke, the nave that was the portico was full of roses and partridges and orthodox hymns, and peacocks lay sleeping on my shoulders. Their blue heads pressed on me like bruises: the pulse of their throats, the witness of their tails. “Say it,” he said. He sat me on the ivory chair and knelt at my knees, the beauty that all supplicants possess sitting full and shining on his thick features. He closed his kiss over my navel-mouth and his tears were like new wax. “Say it,” he whispered. The ivory chair is long; it curls at its ends into arm-rests in the shape of ram’s horns, severed from the sea-goat when the first caravan settled in this endless valley, the first enclave of bird and monopod and gryphon and cricket and phoenix and pygmy—and blemmye. And they camped on the beach-head and pulled from the sea with their silver spears a fatted kid, and ate the fat of its tail sizzling from the driftwood fire, and in time those first horns were affixed to the long chaise which became a sacrificial plank which became and altar which became a throne which became my pillow as his weight pressed the small of my back against the cold ivory— “Please,” he said, and wept, for he had tried not to, tried not to brush his palm against my eyelid, tried not to run his fingers across the teeth in my belly, tried not to glance at the soft place where my head is not. He had tried not to lift me onto the nacreous chair, and tried not to enter me like a postulant sliding his hands into the reliquary to grip the dry bone. Virginity confers strength, he had said. It is the pearl which purchases paradise. I had led him to the edge of the river which churns basalt against schist, and showed him the trick with the bed—but I had used my favorite lapis-and-opal ring. I moved his hand as I would a child’s, digging the furrow by moonlight and the river’s din, placing the ring in the earth, covering it with moist, warm soil. Wait, I had said, till the pepper blooms black, and you will see what paradise I can purchase at the price of a ring. We waited; I learned my Latin declensions: rosa, rosae, rosae, rosam, rosā. The pepper harvest piled up black and red fruits; the stalks withered; the snows came and went again. Rex. Regis. Regi. Regem. Regē. I took him to the river which churns agate against marble and showed him the thing we had made: a sapling, whose stem was of silver, whose leaves curled deep and blue, lapis dark as eyes, veined in quartz flaws. Tiny fruits of white opal hung glittering from its slender branches, and the moon washed it in christening light. This is hell, he quavered, as I stroked the jeweled tree. It seemed to shrink from him in shame. I touched his face, his unyielding neck which would not catch my eye; I wrenched his head towards me, and he stared into the eyes that blink from my breasts, the cobalt leaves peeking around my ribs like the heads of curious peacocks. At the ends of the earth is paradise; look around you, the earth is nowhere to be seen, I had whispered, and I do not need pearls. As if his hand was dragged through the night by a hook of bone, he had touched the place where my head is not, the soft and pulsing shadowy absence, the skin stretched and taut, and beneath our tree of blue stone he had spilled his seed into me for the first time—it seemed safer than to spill it into the ground. “Say it, please, Hagia, say it,” he cried, and the muscles of his neck strained in his cry, and I held his face in my hands, and his tears rolled over my knuckles, and I sung quietly under him, and my voice filled the empty choir: Ave Maria, gratia plena, dominus tecum. Benedicta tu in mulieribus— VI. Mars, Hot and Dry Fortunatus clawed the sand of our crumbling amphitheater, with the nations of our nation gathered—as much as the nations are inclined to gather, which is to say lazily and without much intent of discussing anything. He was nervous; the color in his tail was low and banked, and his throat dry. The hulking beast did not love speaking, and he loved less that his size bought him respect he did not feel he had earned. So everyone listened, and he hated them for listening. “I think,” he began, his beak glittering gold in the glare of the sun, “that we ought to make him king.” “Why?” shouted Grisalba, trying to wrangle a slab of honeycomb with her sister, who had thought she was invited to a festival, and not a makeshift parliament. “When Abibas the Mule-King died, we planted him and if we have any disputes we take it to the mule-tree and it’s been as good a government as you could ask for.” Fortunatus frowned, and the glare went out of his gold. “Abibas has dropped his leaves and it has been far too long since he gave us any velvet-nosed fruit on which to hang the hopes of primogeniture. The Priest will not be partial—there are no other creatures like him among us, no faction for him to favor. And,” the gryphon cast his yellow eyes to the sand, speaking softly—yet the amphitheater did its work, and not one of us failed to hear him, “he must be lonely. There is no one here for him, no one of his kind who understands his passion for the Ap-oss-el, no one to speak his snarled language and look him in the eye without reflecting their own strangeness back to him. I pity him—do you not?” “He will make us convert!” cried the monopods, snapping their garters in consternation. “He will make the al-Qasr into a church and we will all crawl around begging forgiveness for who knows what!” Fortunatus shrugged his great, shaggy shoulders. “And when Gamaliel the Phoenix was queen, she called the al-Qasr an aerie, and set it aflame every hundred years. We rebuilt it, and called it what we pleased. This is the way of government. That is the way of the governed. How can he ask for more than she did? Besides, it is a lonely thing to be king, and he is the loneliest of us.” I held a long green canopy over my torso with both hands to keep out the sun; a pair of rooks alighted on it, and their weight dragged the warm cloth to my shoulders. I said nothing, but scowled and practiced my verbs silently. Regno, regnas, regnat. Regnamus, regnatis, regnant. I reign, you reign, he or she reigns over. VII. The Sun, Benevolent Gold “My name is John.” His blistered lips were watered, and he had not yet noticed that I held him in my arms, propped against the breasts he would call demonic and unnatural. He had not yet called us all demons, succubi, inferni—he only asked for bread, and more water. He had not yet screamed when Hadulph spoke, or trembled when the crickets chirped in iambic rhymes. He had not yet called us all damned, demanded tribute to kings we had never heard of, forbade anyone not made in God’s image to touch his flesh. He had not yet castigated us for our ignorance of the Trinity, or preached the virgin birth in our mating season. He had not yet searched the lowlands for a fig tree we ought not to touch, or gibbered in the antechamber, broken by our calm and curious gazes, which we fixed on our pet day and night, waiting for him to perform some new and interesting trick. He had not yet dried his tears, and seen how the al-Qasr was not unlike a Basilica, and how the giants were not unlike Nephilim, and how Hadulph was not unlike the avatar of St. Mark, and the valley of our nations was not unlike Eden. He had not yet decided that all of the creatures of the world were not unlike holy things—except for the blemmyae, except for me, whose ugliness could not be born by any sacred sight. He had not yet called us his mission, and followed Grisalba home trying to explain transubstantiation, which she, being the niece of a cannibal-dervish, understood well enough, but pretended to misconstrue so that he would follow her home. He had not yet called her a whore and tried to make her do penance with a taper in each hand. She had not yet sunk her teeth into his cheek, and sent him purpled and pustulant back to Hadulph. Hadulph had not yet licked him clean, roughly and patiently, as cats will, and called him his errant cub. He had not yet fallen asleep against the scarlet haunch of the lion. He had not yet retreated into the al-Qasr to study our natures and embrace humility, ashamed of his pronouncements and his pride. I had not yet brought him barley-bread and black wine, or watched over him through three fevers, or showed him, when he despaired, how my collarbone opens into a sliver of skin like clouds stretched over a loom. He had not yet come crawling through the dark, shame-scalded, to hear my belly speak, and read to him from the green pepper-papyrus of my daily calligraphy, just to hear the way I said my vowels. He had not yet said that my accent sounded of seraphim. “My name is John,” he said, “I..I think I have become lost.” VIII. Venus, Cold and Moist The long bones are found in the limbs, and each consists of a body or shaft and two extremities. The body, or diaphysis, is cylindrical, with a central cavity termed the medullary canal. The Presbyter cloistered: cross-sections of satyr and blemmye are spread out on a low desk of sethym wood, the male blemmye with limbs outstretched, encircled with diagrammatic symbols as though he is pinioned to a wheel, showing the compact perfection of his four extremities, which correspond to the elements. The satyr was bent double, clutching her hooves, a goat-haired ouroboros. “Please concentrate, John,” begs Fortunatus, his conscripted tutor, “if you do not learn our anatomies how will you live among us? How will you help portion the harvest if you do not know that the phoenix require cassia and cardamom for their nests, while the satyr cannot eat the pepper plants that the rest of us prize? How will you build, brick upon brick, if you do not know that the blemmye orient their houses in clusters of four, facing outward, while the monopods have no houses at all, but lie beneath their own feet, like mice beneath toadstools? How will you sell your goods at the quarter-moon market if you do not know that the lamia especially love honeycomb still clung with lethargic bees, while the dervishes eat nothing but their dead?” “Where I come from, all men have the same shape,” says the Presbyter, his eyes bloodshot from reading, unwilling to acknowledge the scribe, best of his own discipuli, who translates each of the illuminated anatomicals into Latin so that he will believe them true—for he has told them that Latin is the language of truth, and the vulgar tongues the dialects of lies. “That is a sad country, and you should give thanks to your God that you need not return there, where every face is another’s twin,” the gryphon says with a long sigh. “All the same I long for it, and wish myself there, where nothing is strange,” John murmurs to himself, and stares past me to the long, candle-thin windows. His hair still shows scalp in patches, but the scalp itself is not so scorched and peeling as it has been. He shakes himself from dreams of Jerusalem and looks at the wheel of flesh before him. “I do not understand the blemmyae,” he announces, without turning his head to me, “they carry their faces in their chests and have no head—I suppose the brain is just behind the heart then, in the chest cavity—but how,“ the Priest blushes, and shifts in his seat so that it will be clear that he does not address the indecorous question to me, “how would she nurse a child, Fortunatus?” The gryphon twitches his wings—once, twice. “Why, she would but weep.” IX. Mercury, Lined with Quicksilver I admit it was I who showed him the mirror. We think nothing of it—it is only a mirror, and we are not vain. Rastno the Glassblower made it soon after the al-Qasr was erected, and it was hung up in the portico before the pillar fell, draped in damask, for its visions were distracting—but for Rastno’s sake we did not wish to dishonor his best-beloved child. Rastno was a phoenix, and he reasoned that his glass should be finest of all, since he feared no flame but his own. And true to this he filled the capital with beads and baubles and bowls and chalices, plates and amphorae and children’s toys. And mirrors, mirrors of every shape. But the mirror I showed to John was his last, for when Rastno lay down in his pyre he did not rise up again—we do not know why fewer of the orange and scarlet birds return each burning season; some say the cassia crop has been bad, some say they are suicides. Rastno was one of those who went into the flame and did not come out again, but laughing before he sparked his embers he said that the mirror he fired in his own feathers would be a wonder beyond even the churning river of stone. When we dragged the shard of glass from the charred bones and blowing ashes of his pearl-lined nest, when we cleared from it the blackened ends of Rastno’s beak and talons, and scraped the boiled eye-wet and blood from its surface, we found a sheet of silver so pure that it showed the whole world, wherever we wished to look, into any dragon-ridden corner of the planed earth. It disturbed us all, and taught us only that our land was best, best by a length of ten giants, and we covered it—but hung it in the hall all the same, as funerary rite. “Why did you not bury his remains, if that is what you do with your dead?” John asked, when I rolled the bronze-set glass from its resting place behind a bolt of salamander-silk. I shuddered. “Would you love a tree whose trunk was ash, whose foliage was burnt and blistered flesh, black with flames you cannot see, but the tree remembers? What terrible fruit it would bear! Better that he be eaten, as the dervishes do, or given to the river, like the blemmyae, than to suffer planting!” I showed, him, yes, but he was happy in those years, and his belly was fat, and he gripped me gleefully by the hips in the late afternoons and kissed the place where my head is not, opened my legs and said his favorite mass. He hardly even insisted I speak Latin anymore, or take any saltless Eucharist he might fashion, and only cried the name of his Apostle in his sleep. How could I know? He stood for a long time, watching a city with domes of dust and crosses of gold and chalcedony flicker by, watching its stony streets run rivulets of blood like the porches of a dozen butchers, watched horses clatter over altars and books burn like phoenixes, curl black at the edges and never return. He stood with the drawn damask clutched in his white hand, and watched a sullen orange sun set on the city of dust, and his beard grew even in that moment, his scalp showed pink through his hair, and his spine became a bent scythe, until he was an old man in my sight, and he wept like a nursing mother. X. The Moon, Benevolent Silver “Why didn’t they come?” Prester John coughed and spat; his blood was bright on the pillow, my hand. “I wrote them a letter, I sent twelve gryphon to deliver it. I wrote them, but they didn’t come. I told them it was beautiful here, I told them it was full of virtuous beasts, and jewels, and every fruit imaginable. I told them about the al-Qasr and even the blemmyae, oh, Hagia, I told them you were a beauty, I told them about the mirror, I told them where I was, and that they only had to come for me and I would save Jerusalem myself. Why did no one come for me?” “I don’t know, my love,” I whispered, and mopped the sweat on his brow. “Perhaps I am being punished. I am not righteous; I have sinned in this place. I told them I had converted the land, and you say the Ave as well as anyone, but you don’t mean it, and I knew it, even in the days when I thought myself a missionary, I knew when you put out your tongue for your first communion that you had no faith in your heart, but I did not care, because my fingers could touch your tongue, the sweet tongue of your belly, and I would have given a hundred false communions for that tongue. I lied when I wrote to them, I lied, but they would not understand, they would think you were devils, and I could not bear for a friar to look on my Hagia and spit at her.” The lines around his eyes over which I had run my fingertips so many times, which I had imagined deepening into a grandfather’s wrinkles, had done their promised work. I leaned over his prostrate form and let my eyelashes flutter against his cheek. “Perhaps they never got the letter. Perhaps they did not believe it, for who would believe such a tale in a land where all men’s shapes are the same? Perhaps they were too consumed with their horses and bloodletting to come so far. Perhaps they sent someone, and he crossed eight or nine rivers, an inland sea, a jungle thick with panthers and bats, only to perish in the great desert which separates us from the world. Perhaps even now there is a man—a doctor? A clerk?—lying face down in the sand, his bones whitening under the bone-parched sky, clutching a second letter in his skeletal hand, a letter which says: John, we hear, and we will welcome you home. Perhaps no such man ever set out. Does it matter? I am here, your own sweet succubus—remember how long you called me succubus, after all the other names had silenced themselves on your lips?—is that not enough?” He asked for water, and in my ears he was wretched as a baby, wrinkled and prone and motherless on a pillar, asking for water for his blistered lips. I held his cup for him, until he pushed it away. “It is enough,” he rasped, and the rasp became a rattle. “But do you think,” said Prester John, “that if I could bury Jerusalem in this earth, a Jerusalem-tree would grow on the banks of the river, with little mangers for fruit, and a trunk of the True Cross?” I pressed his clammy cheek to my breast, and our eyes fluttered together, until his were still. XI. The Spindle of Necessity There was some talk of burying him, but I knew that though his book demands burial, he would not like it. He wants the paradise that is bought with pearls, not the pearl itself, which sprouts and blossoms. I would have sat at his roots and told him how Fortunatus was trying to form a school to carry on the language of the Lonely King, but we all snickered; everyone knew that the lion-bird could never keep his declensions straight. I would have told him how the youngest dervishes barely in their first sandals jump and dance under the portico, singing: A! Ve! Marry-A! She plays, she plays! A! Ve! I would have sat beneath his leaves and held my tongue against his fruit, and called it Eucharist. But it is selfish of me to want to take him from the angels, who he had promised were more beautiful even than lamia. We carried him down to the river and delivered his body to the deeps. The crush of the stones broke his body bone from sinew, and the boulders were stained red with the splash of his fluids. The current soon took him under, and we were left with the crash and grind of it echoing into the night. He had gone from us, and the procession turned under the stars, Virgo-in-Repose wheeling overhead, back to the al-Qasr which was once more the al-Qasr. I sat cross-legged by the riverbank until the sun came rolling back around, like a whetstone strapped to a drowning man’s back. Grisalba waited by me, her tail all withered and dark, her dry, splay-fingered hand warm on my shoulder. “Salt,” I said, finally. “His sweat tasted of pressed flour, pressed flour and salt water.” I took the lamia’s hand and we walked from the cacophony of granite against alabaster against flint against bone. In later years, the river would throw up a stone stained red, so bright it was as a ruby in all that dusty rock. When we see these, we throw up our arms and cry the name of Prester John, who is with the river and in the river and the river is with us, and the lapis-tree waves its branches, as if it remembers, and he is with the river and with me, his red, red stones and his high blue tree. ABOUT CATHERYNNE M. VALENTE: Catherynne M. Valente is the New York Times bestselling author of over a dozen books of fiction and poetry including The Labyrinth, The Orphan’s Tales, Palimpsest, the Dirge For Prester John series, The Girl Who Circumnavigated Fairyland in a Ship of Her Own Making and Deathless. Her work has been awarded the James Tiptree, Jr., Mythopoeic, Andre Norton, and Lambda Literary Awards, and has also been nominated for a Hugo, World Fantasy, and Locus Award. For more information, please visit the links below: Official Catherynne M. Valente Website Order “The Habitation of the Blessed” HERE Order “The Folded World” HERE Read FBC’s Review of The Orphan’s Tales HERE (Pt. 1) + HERE (Pt. 2) Read FBC’s Review of “Deathless” Read FBC’s Interview with Catherynne M. Valente NOTE: For further updates regarding the NSB Holiday Countdown, please follow Night Shade Books at twitter.com/nightshadebooks. meteee said...	cc/2019-30/en_middle_0031.json.gz/line2888

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