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\section{Introduction} Self-attention-based architectures, in particular Transformers~\citep{vaswani2017}, have become the model of choice in natural language processing (NLP). The dominant approach is to pre-train on a large text corpus and then fine-tune on a smaller task-specific dataset~\citep{devlin19-bert}. Tha...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-23T02:29:42", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11929", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929" }
\subsection{Loss Estimator Design} Let us denote a multi-class classifier that takes as input an image $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{H\times W\times C}$ to predict the output label $\mathrm{y} \in \mathcal{Y} \coloneqq [1,\cdots,K]$ as $\mathcal{F}_{\Theta}(\mathbf{x})$. Here, $\mathbf{x}$ is a $C$ channel image of heig...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:26", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12046", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12046" }
\section{Introduction} The standard model of cosmology, in which the dominant matter component consists of cold dark matter (CDM) while the late-time accelerated expansion is driven by a positive cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, is highly successful at describing a number of independent observations, which constrain ...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:16", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11954", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11954" }
\section{Introduction} Clusters of galaxies provide valuable information on cosmology, from the physics driving galaxy and structure formation, to the nature of dark matter and dark energy \citep[see e.g.][]{all11,kb12}. They are the nodes of the cosmic web, constantly growing through accretion of matter along filame...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:01:07", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11972", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11972" }
\section{Introduction} In recent years the investigation of radioactive nuclides by laser spectroscopy has been booming. The subject has been covered in several review articles, for example by Kluge and N{\"o}rtersh{\"a}user \cite{Kluge2003}, by Cheal and Flanagan \cite{Cheal2010}, by Campbell, Moore, and Pearson \cit...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-23T02:29:52", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11941", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11941" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The origin and extent of diffuse molecular gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is an open question in astrophysics. The presence of circumgalactic molecules has important implications for the diversity of environments in which potentially star-forming gas is produced and/or ...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:25", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11958", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11958" }
\section{0pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{2pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} \titlespacing*\subsection{0pt}{8pt plus 4pt minus 2pt}{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} \title{{\Large Are quantum cryptographic security claims vacuous?}} \author{Joseph M.\ Renes and Renato Renner\\ \normalsize Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Z\"urich}...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:26", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11961", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11961" }
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Some of the most important questions in the active galactic nuclei (AGN) field are how and why AGN initiate or finish their activity. Understanding this behaviour plays a key role in the context of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, which is linked to these active phases, an...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:27", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11962", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11962" }
\section{Introduction} Much early work in solid state physics centered around the study of atomic insulators arising from crystalline solids. \textit{Atomic insulators} admit a real space picture of exponentially localized electron orbitals, called Wannier functions, within the unit cell \cite{Wannier_functions, MLWF}....
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:36", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12053", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12053" }
\section{Introduction} Hot Jupiters are arbitrarily defined as planetary gas giants orbiting their host stars within less than approximately $10$ days (Udry \& Santos 2007) and having masses above 0.1 -- 0.2 $M_{\rm Jup}$ and radii greater than approximately $0.4$ $R_{\rm Jup}$ (Winn \& Fabrycky 2015), where $M_{\rm J...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:01:40", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11977", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11977" }
\subsubsection*{\bibname}} \bibliographystyle{apalike} \usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amstext,amsthm,bm} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{hyperref} \usepackage{todonotes} % \newcommand{\mathbb{R}}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\mathbb{S}}{\mathbb{S}} \newcommand{\mathbf{f}}{\m...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:54", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12059", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12059" }
\section{Simulating PCFGs} \label{sec:pcfg} \begin{example} \label{eg:pcfg} Below is a FGG for derivations of a PCFG in Chomsky normal form. The start symbol of the FGG is $\nt{S'}$ and the start symbol of the PCFG is $S$. Random variables $\rv{N}$ range over nonterminal symbols of the PCFG, and random variables $\rv...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:29", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12048", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12048" }
\subsection{Keyphrase Extraction} \input{Background and Related Work/keyphrase_extraction} \subsection{Self-Training} \input{Background and Related Work/self_training} \section{Introduction} \input{introduction} \section{Preliminaries}\label{sssec:preliminaries} \input{Preliminaries/problem_formulation} \input{Prel...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:01:43", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11980", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11980" }
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} A critical task for radiologists is determining whether a study is abnormal. If the study is normal, the patient is free of disease and does not have to undergo further diagnostic procedures, but if it is not, the patient may need to be further evaluated if an abnormality ...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:14", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12030", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12030" }
\section{Introduction} While the advent of large neural models has led to rapid progress on a wide spectrum of prediction benchmarks in NLP, these methods tend to require large amounts of training data. This limitation is particularly acute in domains such as information extraction from scientific documents, wher...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:43", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11966", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11966" }
\section{Introduction} Given the flow \begin{equation} \label{eq:VFE} \mathbf X_t = \mathbf X_s \wedge_{+} \mathbf X_{ss}, \end{equation} where $\mathbf X(s,t): \mathbb R\times\mathbb R \to \mathbb R^3$ is an arc-length parameterized curve representing a vortex filament in a real fluid, i.e., smoke rings, helical vort...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:26", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12045", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12045" }
\section{Motion Planner Augmented Reinforcement Learning} In this paper, we address the problem of solving manipulation tasks in the presence of obstacles. Exploration by deep reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for robotic control mostly relies on small perturbations in the action space. However, RL agents strug...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-23T02:29:51", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11940", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11940" }
\section{Introduction} Probabilistic models often contain repeated substructures, such as the time steps of a hidden Markov model, as well as alternative substructures, such as different grammar productions that generate the same string. Loops (recursion) and conditionals naturally and compactly represent such su...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:05:26", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12071", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12071" }
\section{Introduction} The Elsevier cas-sc class is based on the standard article class and supports almost all of the functionality of that class. In addition, it features commands and options to format the \begin{itemize} \item document style \item baselineskip \item front matter \item keywords and MSC codes \item t...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:12", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12025", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12025" }
\section{Introduction and summary} \label{sec:intro} The theory of random matrix integrals has achieved so many accolades that a very few of the other \emph{toy models} can ever reach. Random matrix integrals (in short matrix models) have impacted both the realms of mathematics and physics almost equally. Although, m...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-23T02:29:35", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11923", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11923" }
\section{Introduction} Despite tremendous attention, a satisfying theory of generalization in deep learning remains elusive. In light of so many claims about explaining generalization in deep learning, this statement is somewhat controversial. It also raises an important question: \begin{quote} \emph{What does it m...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-23T02:29:36", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11924", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11924" }
\section{Background on FPCA and PFI} \label{background} fPCA is a common technique used in the analysis of functional data to understand the variability present in the functions \cite{ramsay:2005,wang:2016}. Similar to multivariate data principal components analysis (PCA), fPCA is a dimension reduction technique that ...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:05:10", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12063", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12063" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} It is widely appreciated that neural networks (NNs) and related machine learning (ML) tools can provide powerful solutions to important and difficult problems in high-energy physics~\cite{Guest:2018yhq,Radovic:2018dip}. Examples of tasks that have benefitted from NNs include tr...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:02:25", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11998", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11998" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The singing voice synthesis system utilizes both the musical (i.e., music score) and lyric information to synthesize human singing voices. Similar to the Text-to-Speech (TTS) task, the SVS task focuses on signal generation as well. However, different from TTS, SVS concentrates m...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:05", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12024", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12024" }
\section{Root- and line-graph lattice properties}\label{appx:rootlineprop} \begin{figure*}[t] \centering \begin{minipage}[c]{\textwidth} \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{figures/sfig1.pdf} \refstepcounter{Sfig}\label{sfig:roottoline} \caption{Construction of a line-graph lattice. \textbf{(a)} Star...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:15", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11953", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11953" }
\section{Introduction} The Einstein general relativity (GR) and the standard cosmological model $\Lambda CDM$ are very successful despite our present lack of understanding on important issues like the cosmological constant, dark energy, dark matter, and the discrepancy between different measurements of the Hubble co...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:04:34", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12051", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12051" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sect:intro} Galaxies in the Universe show a wide variety of properties as a result of the action of both, internal and environmental processes. Clusters of galaxies constitute the most extreme environments in the Universe for galaxy evolution. They are the most massive objects $(\sim10^...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:00:25", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.11959", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11959" }
\section*{Introduction} Studies of the impact of speculation and information arrival on the price dynamics of financial securities have a long history, going back to the early work of Bachelier\cite{bachelier2011louis} in 1900 and Mandelbrot\cite{Mandelbrot} in 1963 (see, Jarrow and Protter\cite{jarrow2004short} for a...
{ "timestamp": "2020-10-26T01:02:39", "yymm": "2010", "arxiv_id": "2010.12002", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12002" }
\section{Introduction} With the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) already running, one feels closer than ever to glimpses of physics beyond the standard model (SM). Supersymmetry (SUSY) \cite{Book, Sally} has always remained an attractive hunting ground in this context. The LHC has brought added impetus to not only the sea...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:05:00", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3097", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3097" }
\section{Introduction} The well known fluctuation-dissipation relation~\cite{Kubo} between the conductance of a mesoscopic system and its noise is fundamentally important but limited to the low-bias, linear response regime. The fluctuation theorem (FT)~\cite{Evans,Lebowitz,Andrieux1,Tobiska,Esposito,Atsumian,And...
{ "timestamp": "2011-08-16T02:03:41", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3134", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3134" }
\section{Introduction} General relativity (GR) is widely accepted as a fundamental theory to describe the geometric properties of spacetime \cite{alejandro1}. In an homogeneous and isotropic spacetime, the so-called Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model, the Einstein field equations give rise to the Friedmann equation...
{ "timestamp": "2011-11-10T02:00:34", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3165", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3165" }
\section{Introduction} Standard Big Bang (SBB) cosmology teaches us that the further we go back in time in the history of the universe, the higher is the energy scale of the physics which is responsible for the detailed dynamical evolution of the early universe. Whereas at the present time, matter can be described by ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-24T02:01:00", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3247", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3247" }
\section{Introduction} The problem of having a large proportion of zero values is a common characteristic of data obtained from environmental and ecological studies involving counts of abundance, presence-absence or occupancy rates \citep{clarke1988statistical, welsh1996modelling, martin2005zero, berry:wildhaber:young:...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:07:23", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3169", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3169" }
\section{Introduction} Blazars radiate from {narrow, relativistic} jets that blaze on us when closely aligned with our line of sight. The jets are launched by a central supermassive black hole (SMBH, masses \(M_{\medbullet}\sim {10}^{8 - 9}M_{\astrosun}\)) with bulk Lorentz factors \(\Gamma\) up to several tens, and y...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:01:12", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2887", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2887" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Current observations converge on the fact that the Universe is accelerated expanding, lots of theoretical models were proposed to explain this phenomenology. In some of them, people proposed a new kind of dark energy component with negative pressure in our Universe, which wil...
{ "timestamp": "2012-10-03T02:03:44", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3253", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3253" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of the best studied scenarios for physics beyond the standard model (SM). It alleviates the hierarchy problem and may provide a path to the grand unification of forces. Of particular interest is a scenario with gauge-mediated SUSY breaking \cite{GGM...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:07:11", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3152", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3152" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Collider searches for dark matter are highly complementary to direct searches looking for dark matter--nucleon scattering and to indirect searches looking for signatures of dark matter annihilation or decay in stars or galaxies. The main advantage of collider searches is that t...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:01:04", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3248", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3248" }
\section{Introduction} Fundamental M-theory in the low-energy limit is generally believed to be effectively described by $D=11$ supergravity \cite{gr1,gr2,gr3}. This suggests that brane solutions in the latter theory furnish classical soliton states of M-theory, motivating considerable interest in this subject. T...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:07:28", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3171", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3171" }
\section{Introduction} Regression is a fundamental data analysis tool for uncovering functional relationships between pairs of observations $(X_i,Y_i), i=1,\ldots,n$. The traditional approach specifies a parametric family of regression functions to describe the conditional expectation of the response variable $Y$ giv...
{ "timestamp": "2011-06-08T02:02:24", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3430", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3430" }
\section{Introduction} In Euclidean space, extension operators related to Sobolev spaces are useful tools. Their existence is stated as follows: Given a domain $U$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with a sufficiently regular boundary, $p\ge1$, and $r\in\mathbb{N}$, there exists a bounded linear map $T\colon W^{r,p}(U)\to W^{r,p}(\ma...
{ "timestamp": "2013-01-01T02:00:35", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3300", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3300" }
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that there exist planar noncontractible continua $X$ all homotopy groups $\pi_i(X),\ i \geq 1,$ of which are trivial (e.g. the {\it Warsaw circle}). Every planar simply connected Peano continum is a contractible space, see e.g. \cite{KRRZ,N}. Noncontractible homology locally co...
{ "timestamp": "2011-08-08T02:01:02", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2867", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2867" }
\section*{Introduction} Quantum computation is the theory studying the possibility to use quantum dynamical processes in solving computational problems \cite{NC00}. As in the standard computation case, one has to quantify the various costs (for example energy and time) that the desired calculation may require. ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:02:22", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3332", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3332" }
\section*{Introduction} By the classical decomposition theorem of Beauville--Bogomolov, every compact K\"ahler manifold with vanishing first Chern class admits a finite cover which decomposes as a product of tori, Calabi--Yau manifolds, and hyperk\"ahler manifolds, see e.g.~\cite[Thm.~1]{beauville83}. While tori are qu...
{ "timestamp": "2012-11-09T02:02:03", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3410", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3410" }
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} It is commonly admitted that the plain Ising Hamiltonian does not contain any dynamics.\cite{Villain_IsingAF} In fact, when considering a system of Ising spins, $\sigma_i$, localized at the sites, $i$, of a lattice \begin{equation} \label{IsingFM_general} \mathcal{...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:03:22", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3009", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3009" }
\section{Introduction} Shafarevich's hyperbolicity conjecture states that for $q\geq 2$, $\sM_q$, the moduli stack of curves of genus $q$, is algebraically hyperbolic. That is, there are no non-constant maps from $A\to \sM_q$ where $A$ is an abelian variety and from $\C\setminus \{0\}\to \sM_q$. There is a useful in...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:05:06", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3102", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3102" }
\section{Introduction} $L^2$-Betti numbers originated from topology, but have later unveiled an interesting connection to operator algebras. Indeed, while the original definition of $L^2$-Betti numbers for groups involved a geometric construction \cite{atiyah-l2,cheeger-gromov}, it was later shown by L\"uck (see also...
{ "timestamp": "2012-07-12T02:04:26", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3406", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3406" }
\section{\sc Introduction} We consider the $\lambda$-periodic Cauchy problem for \begin{equation}\label{fivp} \left\{ \begin{aligned} u_t+u_{xxx}+\eta Lu + uu_x &=0, \qquad x\in [0,\lambda], \;\; t\in [0,+\infty), \\ u(x,0)&=u_0(x), \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} where $\eta >0$ is a constant, the linear operator...
{ "timestamp": "2013-03-25T01:00:38", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2995", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2995" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} As a recent development, the possibility of unambiguous discrimination between unknown quantum states can be potentially useful for many application in quantum communication and quantum computing. A universal device that can unambiguously discriminate between two unknown states has be...
{ "timestamp": "2011-11-16T02:00:56", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3004", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3004" }
\section{Introduction} There are two major mechanisms for gas-giant planet formation: one is the core accretion mechanism in which a massive solid core forms first and the disk gas accretes onto the core \citep{safronov69,goldreich_ward73,pollacketal96}, and the other is the gravitational instability (GI) mechanism ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-27T02:02:07", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3314", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3314" }
\section{Introduction} Gravity is always attractive, right? Wrong, if we are to go by the research papers of S. Perlmutter, A. Riess and B. Schmidt, for which they have been awarded this year's Nobel prize in physics [1-5]. The trio looked at Type Ia supernovae, located in far away galaxies, to measure their dista...
{ "timestamp": "2011-11-23T02:01:34", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3402", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3402" }
\section{Introduction} Since its discovery \citep{discov} the Shapley Supercluster has been the object of considerable interest because it potentially contributes significantly to the velocity field in the local Universe \citep[e.g.][]{scaramella,somak} and because the existence of extremely massive objects such as ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:03:03", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3378", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3378" }
\chapter{Compression} \label{chap:compression} In this chapter, we present the second part of our work that focused on compressing sentences using neural networks. As explained in the end the previous chapter, our work on translation can be related to compression: we were taking sentences of arbitrary length and map...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:00:54", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2868", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2868" }
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} We study of the following Helmholtz equation \begin{equation}\label{eq:helmholtz-laplace} (\Delta_A-V(x))u+(k^2\pm i\epsilon)u=f \quad \text{in }E, \end{equation} where $k\in\mathbb{R}$, $E=\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\Omega$ and $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is a bounded domain; ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:02:23", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2953", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2953" }
\section*{Introduction} \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction} In this paper we study a notion of volume for Cartier divisors on arbitrary blow-ups of normal complex algebraic varieties of dimension greater than one, with a distinguished point. We apply this to study a volume for normal isolated singularities, ge...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:02:57", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2981", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2981" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Supernovae are classified by their spectra. The most common types are SNe Ia, Ib, Ic, IIb and II \citep[e.g.][]{Turatto07}. This classification links directly to the explosion mechanism, which can be either a thermonuclear explosion or the collapse of a massive star. The connection...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:04:06", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3049", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3049" }
\section{Introduction and Statement of Results}\label{S:intro} Let $D\subset R^d$ be a bounded domain with $C^{2,\alpha}$-boundary ($\alpha\in (0,1]$) and let $\mathcal P(D)$ denote the space of probability measures on $D$. Fix a measure $\mu\in\mathcal P(D)$, and consider a Markov process $X(t)$ in $D$ which perform...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:02:56", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3613", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3613" }
\section{Introduction.} At very low temperatures, essentially at $T=0$, the electrons in a 2D uniform electron fluid (UEF) occupy momentum states up to the Fermi energy $E_F$. If the electrons were non-interacting they have only kinetic energy, the potential energy being a constant. The energy bands of the electrons ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:02:38", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3349", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3349" }
\chapter*{Acknowledgements}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Acknowledgements}}{\par} \chapterstyle{reparticle} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} \selectlanguage{british} \setlength{\headwidth}{\textwidth} \copypagestyle{manaart}{plain} \makeheadrule{manaart}{\headwidth}{0.75\normalrulethickness} \makeoddhead{manaar...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:00:55", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3238", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3238" }
\section{Introduction}\label{Introduction} An essential experiment of Gaia mission to test relativity concerns the new effect of light-deflection at giant planets due to their quadrupole field. Analytical solutions of light deflection by a quadrupole field of a massive body are well-known and have been investigated ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:05:55", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3117", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3117" }
\section{Introduction} In \cite{KM2010}, a certain synchronizing property called $\lambda$-synchronization has been introduced. The $\lambda$-synchronizing property for a subshift $\Lambda$ is an equivalent property to the property D for the transpose of $\Lambda$, which has been introduced by W. Kri...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:01:04", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3249", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3249" }
\section{Introduction} Given a quantum theory describing a physical system, a pressing question is the existence of its semiclassical limit; particularly so if the quantum theory was the result of the quantization of a classical system. In this case, one would like to know whether it is possible to recover the orig...
{ "timestamp": "2012-08-28T02:08:59", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2804", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2804" }
\section{Introduction} Deterministic optical amplifiers must add noise photons to any input optical signal in order to satisfy the uncertainty principle \cite{caves}. Typically, amplifiers are based on population inversion, so the amplified signal and noise respectively come from stimulated emission initiated from sign...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:06:42", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3132", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3132" }
\section{Introduction and motivation}\label{se:intro} \vskip -0.3cm Consider a parametric optimization problem of the form: \begin{equation}\label{eq:param_prob} \makeatletter \def\tagform@#1{\maketag@@@{#1\@@italiccorr}} \makeatother \left\{\begin{array}{cl} \displaystyle\min_x & c^T x \\ \textrm{s.t.} & g(x...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:03:51", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3427", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3427" }
\section{Introduction} The intimate connection between galaxies' environments and their star formation histories is evident in the evolution of the cluster galaxy stellar mass function (e.g.~\citealt{Vulcani10}). The most massive galaxies in rich clusters today appear to have been in place in progenitor environments s...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:00:14", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3199", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3199" }
\section{Some facts about convex bodies} \label{secclassical} Unless we provide specific references, the results reviewed in this section are discussed in the monographs by T. Bonnesen, W. Fenchel \cite{BoF87}, P.M. Gruber \cite{Gru07}, and R. Schneider \cite{Sch93}. We note that the $L_\infty$-metric on the restric...
{ "timestamp": "2012-05-15T02:04:44", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3251", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3251" }
\section{Introduction} \label{Introduction} Several mathematical models have been proposed to describe HIV dynamics since 1990, these present a basic relation between CD4+T cells, infected CD4+T cells and virus \cite{nowak00}, \cite{kirschner96}, \cite{perelson99}, \cite{xia07}. These models give a good presentation...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T17:32:56", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2823", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2823" }
\section{Introduction} As the statistical understanding of applied scientists increases and new techniques deliver larger, more complicated data sets, applied statisticians are faced with increasingly complex models. Naturally, as the complexity of these models increase, it becomes harder and harder to perform infere...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:02:58", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2982", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2982" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Diseases spread over networks of contacts between individuals, and a full understanding of their nature and behavior requires an understanding of the relevant network structure and the effects that structure has on the spreading process. Traditional theories of disease pro...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:03:45", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3424", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3424" }
\section{Introduction} Let $\Delta $ be the open unit disk in the complex plane \mathbb{C} $, and let $F$ be a holomorphic self-mapping of $\Delta .$ Combining the classical Denjoy-Wolff Theorem and the Julia-Wolff-Carath\'{e}odory Theorem (see, \cite{DS}, \cite{C-M}, \cite{G-R}, \cite{SD} and \cite{SJ}), it ca...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:01:03", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2877", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2877" }
\section*{Introduction} In this paper, we study the category of finite--dimensional representations of the semi--direct product Lie algebras $\g \ltimes V$, where $\lie g$ is a complex semisimple Lie algebra and $V$ is a $\g$-semisimple representation. There are several well--known classical families of such Lie...
{ "timestamp": "2011-10-06T02:04:25", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2840", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2840" }
\section{Analysis procedure} As result of high-energy interaction of two nuclei plenty of secondary particles is produced. According to the existing notions, secondary particles, which are "emited" from "interaction volume", have pseudorapidities, corresponding to a central region of pseudorapidity distribution....
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:03:40", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3029", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3029" }
\section{Introduction} In 1948, Shannon published a theory on communications that initiated the field of information theory~\cite{Shannon:1948}. Nowadays, it is well-known that Shannon {\it entropy} quantitatively measures the amount of {\it uncertainty}~\cite{ct-1991} of a random variable. The entropy $H(P)$ of a...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:01:11", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3259", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3259" }
\section{Introduction} An important issue in the study of high-$T_{c}$ cuprates concerns how superconductivity can arise in a doped Mott insulator\cite{pwa_87}. The d-wave pairing symmetry has been usually attributed to the reason that the electrons avoid a strong local Coulomb repulsion. But in a doped Mott insulator...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:03:37", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3027", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3027" }
\section{Introduction} Starburst galaxies are the primary sources that eject energy and metals into the intergalactic medium. The properties of the outflow are fundamental to the understanding of the feedback process of galaxies. The energy and metals of the outflow are generally measured from the X-ray emission, pa...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-20T02:01:34", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3539", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3539" }
\section{Introduction} Modern applications in science, medicine and technology require a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the flow of liquids near solid substrates and at interfaces \cite{sparreboom,bocquet,schoch,Bruus}. It is well known that structural and transport properties of highly...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:03:14", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3634", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3634" }
\section{Introduction} The Kadomtsev--Petviashvili equation in its version called KPII \begin{equation} (u_{t}-6uu_{x_{1}}+u_{x_{1}x_{1}x_{1}})_{x_{1}}=-3u_{x_{2}x_{2}},\label{KPII} \end{equation} where $u=u(x,t)$, $x=(x_{1},x_{2})$ and subscripts $x_{1}$, $x_{2}$ and $t$ denote partial derivatives, is a (2+1)-d...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:03:52", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3681", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3681" }
\section{Introduction} The climate of Earth-like planets results from the energy balance between absorbed starlight and radiative losses of heat from the planetary surface and atmosphere to space. Clouds reflect starlight back towards space, reducing the stellar energy available for heating the atmosphere (albedo effe...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:02:18", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3568", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3568" }
\section{Introduction} \footnotetext[1]{Centre de Physique Th\'{e}orique (UMR 6207 CNRS - Universit\'e Aix-Marseille~II - Universit\'e Aix-Marseille~I - Universit\'e Sud~Toulon-Var) CNRS Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 9, France} \footnotetext[2] {Corresponding author. 321 Morton Hall, Mathematics, Ohio Univers...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-16T02:03:17", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2803", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2803" }
\section{Introduction} Let $n\geq3$ be an integer. Any real number $0\leq x\leq1$ can be written in base $n$ as an $n-$ary expansion \begin{equation} x=0.x_{1}x_{2}\cdots:=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{x_{k}}{n^{k}}\label{eq:n-ary}\end{equation} where $x_{k}\in\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}.$ This representation of a real number $x$ i...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:04:52", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3463", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3463" }
\section{Introduction} It has been known to Weingarten \cite{W1, W2}, Eisenhart \cite{E}, Wu \cite{Wu}) that without changing the principal lines on a Weingarten surface, one can find geometric coordinates in which the coefficients of the metric are expressed by the principal curvatures (or radii of curvature). ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-12-21T02:04:06", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3642", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3642" }
\section{Introduction} The breaking of neutron magic number $N=20$ that was firstly pointed out from the observation of the anomalous binding energy and spin of $^{31}$Na \cite{Thi75,Hub78} has been one of the great interests in nuclear physics. Based on the theoretical calculations, neighboring nuclei around $^...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:01:32", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3281", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3281" }
\section{Introduction and the result.} A Wigner matrix $\bfW_n=n^{-1/2}\(x_{ij}\)_{i,j=1}^n$ is defined to be a Hermitian random matrix whose entries on and above the diagonal are independent zero-mean random variables. It is an important model for depicting heavy-nuclei atoms, which begin with the seminal work...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:04:09", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3056", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3056" }
\section{Introduction} The source coding problem for correlated sources has been regarded as an important research area in information theory, and various types of coding problems were studied so far (e.g.~\cite{slepian:73, wyner:76, berger:78, csiszar-korner:81, elgamal-kim-book}). In particular, our focus ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:00:50", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2864", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2864" }
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Constraints can be made on supernova (SN) progenitors through studying the host galaxies and the environments within those host galaxies where different SN types are found. Usually this is achieved through analysis of large samples of SNe occurring within different galaxies. In a s...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:00:25", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2837", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2837" }
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} There has been significant activity in the last few years in the effective field community to perform accurate calculations of event shapes for $e^+ e^-$ colliders. At high energy, the hadronic final states in $e^+ e^-$ collisions are dominated by the formation of jets of partic...
{ "timestamp": "2011-06-22T02:00:56", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3676", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3676" }
\section{Introduction} The purpose of this short note is to make a preliminary announcement of our recent results on recurrence relations which arise in the context of cluster mutations. More details and many more examples will be published in a later paper~\cite{fordy_hone_inprep}. The theory of cluster alge...
{ "timestamp": "2011-09-23T02:01:24", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2985", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2985" }
\section{Introduction} The no-hair theorem encapsulates the remarkable property of general-relativistic black holes that these objects are fully and uniquely characterized by their masses and spins and are described by the Kerr metric. According to the no-hair theorem, the Kerr metric is the only stationary, axisymmet...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-24T02:00:49", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3191", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3191" }
\section{Introduction} In the conventional wisdom, the smallness of the neutrino masses is tied to the high scale of the new physics that generates neutrino masses. As this scale is very close to the grand unification (GUT) scale, it is generally not possible to directly test the model. In view of the recent commissi...
{ "timestamp": "2011-06-03T02:00:58", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3188", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3188" }
\section{Introduction} Since the first discovery of exoplanet around a normal star, \textit{51 Peg b} \citep{MQ95}, more than 500 exoplanets have been discovered. From the sufficient samples of planetary systems, the abundance studies for planet-host stars have been inspired to investigate the differences of elementa...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:04:33", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3083", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3083" }
\section{Introduction} Vector equilibrium problems in logarithmic potential theory have been studied for a few decades and have shown to be crucial in the investigation of many problems in approximation theory, like those involving multiple orthogonal polynomials (e.g. Hermite-Pad\'e approximants, in particular Angeles...
{ "timestamp": "2012-02-16T02:00:45", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3088", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3088" }
\section{Introduction} Exact results in strongly-interacting field theories are generally rare. In supersymmetric field theories, supersymmetry places strong constraints on various properties of chiral operators, and exact results pertaining to these operators might be possible even at strong coupling. For three-di...
{ "timestamp": "2011-07-04T02:01:22", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2817", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2817" }
\section{Introduction} The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{\mu}=(g-2)_{\mu}/2$, provides one of the strongest tests of the Standard Model (SM). The discrepancy between the formidable measurement from BNL \cite{BNL} and the theoretical prediction of $a_{\mu}$ is currently one of the few, if not the onl...
{ "timestamp": "2011-08-08T02:03:15", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3149", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3149" }
\section{Introduction} In this paper we introduce the notion of $\infty$-step nilsystem and study its relationship with the concept of independence. We also study its topological complexity. In this section, first we discuss the motivations for this subject and then we state the main results of the article. \su...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:02:31", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3584", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3584" }
\section{Introduction} An example of a Hermite interpolant in barycentric form is the unique polynomial $\pi(z)$ of degree $3$ such that $\pi(-1)=f_{-1}$, $\pi'(-1)=f_{-1}^{'}$, $\pi(1)=f_{1}$, and $\pi'(1)=f_{1}^{'}$ as given by \begin{eqnarray} \pi(z) & = & (z-1)^{2}(z+1)^{2}\Biggl(f_{-1}\left(\frac{1}{4(z+1...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:04:56", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3466", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3466" }
\section{Introduction} The notion of entanglement of a composite quantum system is known to be invariant under unitary transformations on the subsystems, so the investigation of local unitary (LU) invariants is a natural way of studying quantum entanglement. In this paper, we give illustrations for the general results ...
{ "timestamp": "2011-12-07T02:04:19", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3086", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3086" }
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:intro} In standard clinical trial designs, the sample size is determined by the power at a given alternative (e.g., treatment effect). In practice, especially for new treatments about which there is little information on the magnitude and sampling variability of the treatment effect, i...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:01:31", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3280", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3280" }
\section{Introduction.} The Reggeon Field Theory (RFT) \cite{Gribov'64} is successfully used up to nowadays for describing the soft part of the strong interaction dynamics at high energies. It is based on the very general principles which should obey $s$-channel amplitudes such as analiticity, crossing and $t$-chan...
{ "timestamp": "2011-09-16T02:02:14", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3673", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3673" }
\section{INTRODUCTION} In recent years, due to the relative simplicity and high efficiency in the generation, manipulation, and detection of optical continuous variable (CV) states \cite{rmp77513}, the corresponding entangled states have been successfully implemented in unconditional quantum teleportation \cite{prl808...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-17T02:01:03", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.2876", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.2876" }
\section{Introduction} The standard model (SM) does not {\it explain} the difference between the electroweak (EW) and the Planck scales ($M_{EW}^2\approx 10^{-32}M_{Planck}^2$). The large value of the top mass makes it plausible that any new physics responsible for this difference would show up in top physics. Thus a...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-18T02:02:22", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3333", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3333" }
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} Intermediate polars (IPs) are a sub-class of magnetic cataclysmic variable stars (mCVs). An IP comprises of a semi-detached binary system consisting of a white dwarf primary star and a late-type Roche-lobe filled secondary star; the white dwarf is believed to have a moderate m...
{ "timestamp": "2011-05-19T02:03:02", "yymm": "1105", "arxiv_id": "1105.3619", "language": "en", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3619" }