date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
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I configured XFCE on my desktop at home and wanted to setup my work system with the same configurations (figured it'd just be copying a few files) or even a script? In the past I used to just mark the changes on paper and have to repeat myself with what ever desktop env I used.
Is there an easier way to replicate pers... |
In my experience, the simplest way to transfer environment settings is to copy the user configuration directories wholesale, renaming the existing directories first. In the case of XFCE, that would be ~/.config/xfce4. There may also be necessary files in ~/.local. Be sure to install any requisite software before copyi... | Transferring XFCE customization from one system to another? |
1,587,666,937,000 |
Why does Apache2 have multiple configuration files? What are their roles? I found some information about older Apache versions, but it's usually deprecated, and the official Apache documentation doesn't explain the logic of splitting up the configuration files and what they're for.
|
Hmm. From one point of view, you can dump all the configuration into one httpd.conf file, but this would be... hard to read.
Most distros will divide up the configuration by having httpd.conf include subdirectories. You may want to look at distro-specific documentation, for example:
https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serv... | What is the purpose of Apache2's configuration files? |
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I am using filter to remove comments before committing config files in git:
$ cat .git/config
[filter "stripcomments"]
clean = "stripcomments"
$ cat .git/info/attributes
/etc/* filter=stripcomments
I also have shell prompt which changes color if there are any uncommited files. This is the relevant part in my .zshrc... |
git status works as expected if you change comments without changing file size e.g. change one character, or have two one-line comments and switch them, anything that doesn't change the total length of the file nor the filtered result.
For modified (mtime) files of the same size, git status reads their contents, runs ... | git: inconsistent behavior when using filter to strip comments |
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When installing an upgrade with sudo apt-get upgrade it displays:
Configuration file '/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober'
==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package... |
You can find most changed configuration files with the following command:
debsums -ac
You can go a little further and query the dpkg database to find which packages those files belong to, as suggested in the manpage for debsums(1):
dpkg -S $(debsums -ac)
I don’t know any convenient way to compare the content of the ... | How to see all config files that differ from package maintainers' versions in Debian? |
1,587,666,937,000 |
How can the Date/Time format that Nagios uses everywhere be changed to
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS?
|
A date/time format of "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" is configurable in the main configuration file with the date_format option set to iso8601:
This option allows you to specify what kind of date/time format Nagios should use in the web interface and date/time macros. Possible options (along with example output) include:
... | Nagios Core 3.5 change Date format |
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This is related to a question I asked about 3 years ago. Since then things have changed a bit apparently. One of the obvious ones is that aptitude itself has changed from whatever version it was to aptitude 0.8.12 or to be more precise -
$ aptitude --version
aptitude 0.8.12
Compiler: g++ 9.2.1 20190821
Compiled agai... |
Regarding the verbosity setting, your configuration is correct (but you only need the last line). However, apt update doesn’t use Aptitude’s settings, so you won’t see a difference there. The difference with aptitude update is minor, it adds a status line at the end, showing the number of upgradable packages etc.
To c... | Verbosity in aptitude command-line mode via its configuration file |
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I only want echo $(date) to return the date not the backticked version.
echo $(date) # should return Wed Mar 6 09:50:41 EST 2019
echo `date` # should return `date`
|
Wrap the backticks in strong quotes to divest them of their subshelly powers:
$ echo '`echo`'
`echo`
Beware, though, the contraction wrapped in strong quotes:
$ echo 'I can't process this.'
> Oh whoops that ">" means we're still in a strong quote.
I cant process this.
Oh whoops that ">" means were still in a strong q... | How do configure ZSH commands substition to not use backticks (`)? |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I use Bash 4.3.48(1) in Ubuntu 16.04 (xenial) with a LEMP stack.
I try to create a php.ini overridings file in a version agnostic way with printf.
1) The version agnostic operation fails:
printf "[PHP]\n post_max_size = 200M\n upload_max_filesize = 200M\n cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0" > /etc/php/*/fpm/zz_overrides.ini
The fo... |
The behavior of a pattern match in a redirection appears to differ between shells. Of the ones on my system, dash and ksh93 don't expand the pattern, so you get a file name with a literal *. Bash expands it(1), but only if the pattern matches one file. It complains if there are more filenames that match. Zsh works as ... | Redirection to a globbed file name fails |
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With SMB 1.0/CIFS being removed from Windows 10 in Redstone 3 update due to vulnerability, this will conk out a lot of systems relying on older network hard drive enclosures.
I have a Linux-based device (Raspberry Pi) that I could connect up to the drive with USB, but I'm not sure on this point:
Is there a way to rest... |
Use server min protocol option in smb.conf:
This setting controls the minimum protocol version that the server will allow the client to use.
Possible values are listed in documentation for server max protocol option.
The documentation matching the samba version installed on your system should be available with man s... | How to force Samba to use SMB 3.0? |
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I'm on Fedora 25 and am just moving from gnome to i3wm. When on i3wm, my touchpad assumes some default configuration I suppose that is quite different from my gnome setup. Is there a way to copy the gnome touchpad configuration across to i3wm?
A few points:
I believe I'm using the default gnome touchpad configuration... |
No answers on one of the top Google results, that's terrible.
xinput is going to be your new friend. Open a terminal as your user and run xinput you should see something similar to this:
⎡ Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)]
⎜ ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 ... | How to copy gnome touchpad configuration to i3wm |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I use the venerable Awesome WM to manage tiled window layouts across a couple of screens. My configuration has a few goodies, but in general it follows a familiar pattern with a bar across the top with information about my keyboard layout, the tag situation, active windows, a system tray, and a clock.
For a while now... |
A vertical wibox is possible, I used one with 3.4 since years and had to recreate setup with 3.5. Based on this mailing list discussion, here a short example with widgets re-ordered for my own needs, including margins to introduce spacing between widgets:
-- Create the wibox
mywibox[s] = awful.wibox({ position="left"... | Can a wibox in Awesome-WM be setup vertically? |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I want to set-up some watch folders that will then move the completed torrents to a specific directory for further processing. What I would like to know before I proceed based on this rather old guide from here is what are the values 11,10 and 12,10 and 13,10? I have done a few searches for this, but haven't been luck... |
The first value is the start, the second value the interval in which the function is executed. The one seconds difference, just makes sure not all 3 watch_directory "invocations" are distributed over time.
Instead of seconds (as in your example), that can also be time values (HH:MM:SS). The following is scheduled for ... | Need explanation of rtorrent.rc schedule values |
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Where once was the filename of the file now there is a black stripe, preventing me to see what I'm editing.
To clarify a bit, it's that black stripe between "F1" and "All", when I did the screenshot I was editing my .emacs file.
I'm running GNU Emacs 23.2.1 (with the -nw flags) on Ubuntu 11.04.
I've tried executing e... |
The buffer name is in the mode-line-buffer-id face, applied above the mode-line face. By default, on a dark background in a terminal, mode-line is in black on white and mode-line-buffer-id is bold; maybe you accidentally gave it a black foreground.
| Emacs not showing filename |
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Files like ~/.config/vlc/vlcrc are 99% junk if you want to version control only the configuration options. I've got a script to remove the comments, but there's a ton of empty configuration sections left over. My sed- and awk-fu is not up to speed, so how can I remove the empty configuration sections?
The first line o... |
Recall section headers as you see them, but don't print them until you see a setting line in that section. You could do it in sed by storing the section header in the hold space, but it's clearer in awk.
awk '
/^ *\[/ {section=$0} # recall latest section header
/^ *[^[#]/ { # setting line
if (sec... | Remove empty configuration section |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I'm doing unattended / non-interactive package installations via
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y my_package
This works as attended in most cases, but still gives me an interactive prompt if there is config file conflict, e.g. something like this:
Configuration file '/etc/foo'
==> Modified (by you o... |
I haven’t checked this in your scenario, but dpkg should abort if it needs to ask for information and can’t read from its standard input; so
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y my_package < /dev/null
should abort with an error if there’s a configuration file conflict.
If that doesn’t work, you can alway... | Force non-interactive `apt-get install` to fail on config file conflict |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I edited the /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades file (on Ubuntu 22.04.3) and intentionally introduced an error:
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-WithUsers "Falsed"; // instead of "false"
When I restart the service it shows as running:
systemctl restart unattended-upgrades.service
systemctl status unattend... |
The APT configuration format is essentially a hierarchical tree-value store, and is lenient on both the keys and values. It has to be as far as keys are concerned — there’s no central registry of allowed keys. As far a values are concerned, in the current implementation for boolean values, the strings “no”, “false”, “... | Possible to validate unattended-upgrades configuration? |
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When we boot a GNU/linux system it shows lots of messages on stdout. And then, immediately before the prompt it shows something like this:
Linux raspberrypi 4.19.66-v7+ #1253 SMP Thu Aug 15 11:49:46 BST 2019 armv7l
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms ... |
The last two paragraphs are stored in /etc/motd; you just rename or delete it to get rid of them:
$ cd /etc
$ sudo mv motd motd.old
The first line is specified in /etc/update-motd.d/10-uname; you can also delete it, or move it to another directory (making it hidden doesn't work).
| How to hide/disable preprompt messages? |
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I'm currently in the progress of preseeding a Debian installation with custom setup scripts running after the actual installation to create a simple installer that will create everything that I need.
Now I found how to install additional packages and added the NetworkManager package, to simplify networking stuff. Howe... |
Working with wired connections
By default, NetworkManager generates a connection profile for each wired ethernet connection it finds. At the point when generating the connection, it does not know whether there will be more ethernet adapters available. Hence, it calls the first wired connection "Wired connection 1". Yo... | Issues with installing NetworkManager during Debian installation with preseeding |
1,587,666,937,000 |
As the options make menuconfig and make nconfig allow a nice way to configure the kernel options, are there any way to get this hierachical structure for print it?
Something similar to the "tree" command ouput.
|
Thanks to the replay of @jeff-schaller I did a contribution to the project Kconfiglib and now there is a new example script for this task. These are the steps to use it:
Inside the directory with the linux source, clone the repo:
root@23e196045c6f:/usr/src/linux-source-4.9# git clone git://github.com/ulfalizer/Kconfig... | Formatted print of linux kernel config |
1,587,666,937,000 |
I enabled issue_discards in lvm.conf file on machine with ssd and I'd like to perform blkdiscard on one of logical volumes. Can i do that without rebooting machine? I'm able to unmount physical volume along with all logical volumes stored on this particular ssd but I'd prefer to avoid system reboot.
|
According to the default comments in my lvm.conf, the issue_discards option only controls what happens to the freed space when you run lvreduce or lvremove, nothing else:
# Configuration option devices/issue_discards.
# Issue discards to PVs that are no longer used by an LV.
# Discards are sent to an LV's underlying p... | Is it possible to reload lvm.conf without reboot? |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I have web Apache servers with Jessie or Stretch that have been upgraded successively from older versions of Debian (from Squeeze onwards, depending on the servers).
In all of them, I have Apache with security.conf having configured the directives ServerTokens Prod and ServerSignature off according to this question Th... |
Interestingly enough, to use this, and other configurations, the /etc/apache2/conf-enabled directory has to be included in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf as is done by default in later Apache versions with the line:
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf
What happened is that in some other servers, while upgrading, the old c... | Apache not hiding Server Tokens/Signature |
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I see this on the Internet:
General Setup --->
<*/M> Kernel .config support
[*] Enable access to .config through /proc/config.gz
But can't understand what's that mean?
I have an arm-based board(NanoPi-M1 with Allwinner H3 sun8iw7p1 SoC) that has Debian Jessie OS, and I have no config.gz file in /proc di... |
I see this on the Internet:
It specifies the location in Linux's menuconfig from where you can enable /proc/config.gz. You must recompile the Linux kernel to do this. On an ARM-based board this may not be mainline Linux but a different tree specific to the SoC used on the ARM board.
So, the steps would be:
Figure o... | How to enable access to the kernel config file through /proc/config.gz? |
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I have default Debian 8.5 Jessie /etc/logrotate.conf contents:
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# packages drop ... |
Try looking for some command to parse/debug the logrotate config without actually applying it.
from man logrotate
-d, --debug
Turns on debug mode and implies -v. In debug mode, no changes
will be made to the logs or to the... | logrotate Uses All CPU Power |
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I’m having a problem with my sshd config. I want to limit all users of the group www-user to sftp use. All of them but the user yorunokoe.
I saw that related question : How to exclude from a "Match Group" in SSHD? and my config end like this :
Match Group www-user User !yorunokoe
ChrootDirectory %h
ForceCommand in... |
So, thanks to https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/28235/n-st, the correct config is :
Match Group www-user User *,!yorunokoe
ChrootDirectory %h
ForceCommand internal-sftp
AllowTcpForwarding no
PermitTunnel no
X11Forwarding no
That limit all users in www-user except user yorunokoe to sftp.
| Can not succeed in excluding user in match directive in SSHD config |
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I've recently started to use the i3 window manager.
I configured i3 and xterm to fit my needs, but whenever I start xterm and want use the menu (ctrl+mouse_button), the menu gets displayed as a small window with no border and no title bar. I can't use the menu, because the options are not visible.
The black border is ... |
The problem is the resource setting for geometry:
xterm*geometry: 90x30
That applies to the VT100 window and the menus — using different units of measure. For the VT100, it is characters, but for the menu it is pixels. Pixels are a lot smaller than (most) characters.
You probably meant this:
xterm*VT... | i3 xterm menu (ctrl+mouse) too small |
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Different Linux distributions store the same configuration parameters in different files. For example IPv4 address in Debian Wheezy is stored in /etc/network/interfaces file while in Fedora 20 it is stored in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file. In addition, syntax of those configuration files is different.... |
The kernel doesn't read any configuration file. As a rule, kernels avoid accessing the filesystem; there are a few exceptions and variation, but mainly, the kernel launches a program at the location /sbin/init when it boots, and the only accesses filesystems on behalf of user land processes.
Network configuration file... | How is the content of configuration files parsed on different Linux distributions? |
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I operate a Linux system where I give out free Linux shell accounts to people for educational purposes. Unfortunately, while doing so it's expected to meet abusive users who will keep sending spam emails to other servers such as Google, Zoho, etc and hence will get the IP of the server blocked.
What I would like to d... |
Use a transport map:
Find or add the following line in your main.cf (alter the file location to fit your CentOS setup):
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
Edit the transport map file above to:
localhost :
<your FQDN> :
* error: Outgoing mail from this system has been disabled.
localhost and your FQD... | Allowing outgoing emails that will be delivered to localhost only |
1,498,477,205,000 |
Is it possible to provide a custom location for multitail.conf, or are my only options /etc/multiltail.conf or ~/multitail.conf?
I'd like to provide a specific config file that has regexes specific to our app defined, but I can't put this in the account's home directory, or /etc.
I care most about the colors, so if it... |
No, you can tell multitail where to source the configuration file from by using the --config switch.
--config filename
Load the configuration from given filename.
See the man page for more info.
| multitail - custom config (multitail.conf) location |
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When I execute a command in Ubuntu, which results in a listing, I get results without the field names. Example is ls -l or ps l.
I am not very experienced and always need to go digging through man pages and online documentation. And the names are quite crypcit already.
Is there a way to turn on field name listing glo... |
As @StephaneChazelas stated this isn't possible. You're only other options are to modify the source (don't do this) and/or develop some wrapper scripts and aliases for yourself to assist.
There is this technique for preserving the columns of ps in output that you're going to pipe to sort.
sort but keep header line in... | How to set what field names are displayed in listings? |
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I have some rules in my local.cfg file with some addresses defined as blacklist_to. However, I keep getting spam for these addresses -- or rather any email whatsoever.
How can I test spamassassin to see why it keeps accepting said emails?
|
You can feed an arbitrary message to spamassassin by piping it to spamc -R. You'll get a spamassassin report on your message that looks like
1.5/5.0
1.5 : -0.0 NO_RELAYS Informational: message was not relayed via SMTP
0.1 MISSING_MID Missing Message-Id: header
-0.0 NO_RECEIVED Info... | Spamassassin blacklist_to testing |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I need to write a default mic and default speaker output in the asound.conf config file. But I don't know exactly how I can find my external sound card or microphone device's name, so that on reboot or unplug/plug I don't have to reconfigure it again.
I tried to find them by using:
sun@sun-To-be-filled-by-O-E-M:/tmp$ ... |
If I understand correctly, you want playback on your build in sondcard and capture (microphone) from external USB device.
Your external device is listed as card 2: device 0 and your build in soundcard as card 0: device 0
I think your asound.conf should look something like this:
pcm.!default
{
playback.pcm
{
ty... | How can I find the correct name for my microphone and sound output using aplay or pacmd or something else, to apply in asound.conf? |
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I've removed nagios3 with apt-get remove nagios3 and then removed the files in by using the command sudo rm -R /etc/nagios*
Now when I run apt-get install nagios3 the config files (/etc/nagios3/*) are not present. How can I regenerate them?
This box is on Ubuntu 10.04.
|
Purge nagios3. Then reinstall. That will probably work.
apt-get purge nagios3
apt-get install nagios3
The purge will get rid of the config files, which the system didn't delete initially, and so thought were still installed. If purging nagios3 is not an option, then it will be a little more complicated. If that is th... | How can I regenerate the default '/etc/' config files? |
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I have to program a realtime application on Linux, but don't know whether the standard installation of Ubuntu has CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS enabled. How can I check this?
I'm using Ubuntu 11.04 64bit.
|
Ubuntu ships the kernel configuration in /boot/config-$version (in the same package as the kernel image /boot/vmlinuz-$version). You can check this file on a live system, or you can download it from the Ubuntu website. There are several images to choose from; the default under amd64 is -generic, and you can download t... | How to check if CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS enable? |
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I'm trying to compile a Linux Kernel to run light and paravirtualized on XenServer 5.6 fp1.
I'm using the guide given here: http://www.mad-hacking.net/documentation/linux/deployment/xen/pv-guest-basics.xml
But I'm stumped when I reached the option CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO.
Where is it exactly in make menuconfig? The site in... |
As you had already said, it IS under "Processor Types and Features".
You are compiling Gentoo's hardened kernel source, so the code would have undergone many patches.
A quick search in Google returned this: Gentoo kernel VDSO. It looks like Gentoo has it disabled even several versions before.
Why don't you download di... | Where is CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO in make menuconfig? |
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Yesterday I configured OpenVPN on a Ubuntu 18.04 server which seems to work. I can connect no problem and systemctl status openvpn gives me green. However, my syslog is being riddled with errors which seem to relate to a different service than openvpn.service. I am kind of unsettled by this since the server goes into ... |
I initially worked around the issue by putting the following line in my rc.local:
systemctl stop [email protected]
I finally solved it by disabling the deprecated [email protected], removing all configuration files from the OpenVPN root directory and moving them to the server directory, as well as activating the resp... | OpenVPN riddling syslog with errors, but otherwise seems to work flawlessly |
1,498,477,205,000 |
Description of the problem
I have UPS Orvaldi KC2000 (its capacity: 2000VA/1400W) and I want to setup configuration of my Debian 10 (Buster which is currently testing) to:
get GUI (preferably GNOME) notifications when there is power failure and my computer is running on UPS battery (to know that I have little time to... |
This probably a partial duplicate of: Run various shell commands when NUT reports a low UPS battery
The tricky part is to display the notification on the desktop, googling a bit, I found http://rogerprice.org/NUT/ConfigExamples.A5.pdf, page 71 it describes some scripts how to do that.
| Setup NUT power failure notifications when running computer on UPS battery |
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I have a modern PC running Fedora 24 with a real-time patch (CCRMA audio tools) with an ASUS Essence STX II sterio sound card installed on PCIe. With it we run a playback/capture application. Also, we need to integrate CAN (Controller Area Network) and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) into the system and have a PCIe-card fo... |
We've solved it! It seems that us inserting other PCI card affected the mixer in the ALSA driver, diverting the capture to the motherboard built-in sound function's front mic. On top of that the volume for that mic was set to 0. That works with the diagnostics we've seen (single channel capture with very low signal le... | PCIe cards interfere with each others function |
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I'm running a Ubuntu 64-bit system in a VM. I wanted to fuzz the VLC media player, so I grabbed the tar file, and built the dependencies and tried configuring it using this line:
./configure CC="afl-gcc" CXX="afl-g++" --disable-shared; make
However, this runs into an error:
requested libavcodec >= 57.37.100 but vers... |
You have a number of options:
rebuild a recent ffmpeg source package to get libavcodec57 & co.;
upgrade to Ubuntu 16.10 which has libavcodec57;
follow the VLC package approach, which is to embed the appropriate version of fmmpeg and use that instead.
The latter approach is the one I'd recommend; to get started:
sudo... | How to find libavcodec to build VLC (with AFL fuzz)? |
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I'm trying to install Apache 2.4 and PHP 5.6 on CentOS which I've done correctly and confirmed using ./apachectl configtest and php -v. The problem is that Apache is not recognizing PHP scripts because the Apache install did not include any of the PHP modules that Apache requires.
The only thing the PHP documentation ... |
To not leave it unanswered.
Apache cannot build mod_php.so as part of its build because it does not know how to parse or run PHP. On the other hand PHP needs to know how Apache has been compiled to produce mod_php.so. You need to specify:
--enable-so to the configure script of Apache, to allow for building of extra... | No PHP modules after compiling Apache |
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I have a Debian Linux server with nginx configured for several sites (/etc/nginx/sites-enabled), every site showing on its own domain.
Now when I remove a site from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled, querying the the domain of the removed site displays not something like ("This domain is not configured") but some another site ... |
Unless you explicitly define a default server, nginx will use the first server with a matching port (for any request where there is no explicit server_name match). See this document for details.
You should create a catch all server block, for example:
server {
listen 80 default_server;
...
}
| Wrong site appears in Nginx |
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I'm running OpenSuSE 12.1 with the KDE desktop on a test machine. The "logout" menu entry in the KDE menu does not seem to do anything. I am not aware of changing any KDE settings that might be relevant.
How can I find out the cause of this behaviour, and how can I remedy it?
|
Apparently, this is a bug KDE knows about and seems to be quite common. It seems that it could be caused by KDE trying to play the "logoff" sound byte and hanging there.
The only solution I could find was to disable the audio (through the configuration menu) and try again.
| Impossible to log out from OpenSuSE's KDE menu |
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I have just installed archlinux on a virtual machine and I managed to install lightdm by following the instructions given in
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LightDM
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Display_Manager
but lightdm looks like this
But I want it to look like the default one in ubuntu
How can th... |
[The ArchWiki looks dead currently, so I don't know what is contained in the instructions you linked to.]
To change the looks of LightDM, you need to install a theme and configure it. This page suggests that the relevant Arch packages might be lightdm-unity-greeter or lightdm-webkit-greeter.
| ubuntu like lightdm in arch linux |
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Through the magic of piezoelectric phenomena, I experience "coil whine" when moving the mouse.
Turns out said coil is energized by the CPU, and that the Intel driver enabling Turbo Boost makes it process my mouse movements extremely quickly, resulting in audible power consumption spikes.
When I disable it with the fol... |
Add this command to rc.local or create a systemd unit - whatever you like. Instead of disabling Turbo you might want to limit the maximum operating frequency of your CPU. There's a gulf between base and turbo frequencies, so disabling Turbo feels like an overkill. I have a script for that as well. With the intel-pstat... | Persistently disable Intel Turbo Boost |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I am trying to make parts of my .tmux.conf file conditional depending on the kind of system I'm on. For a start, I want one part to only be processed on MacOS.
The man page says that I can use the #(COMMAND) syntax to substitute the output of COMMAND in formats, so in particular in conditions. So I'm trying this:
%if ... |
I have a feeling you are running into a situation described in the man page:
When constructing formats, tmux does not wait for #() commands to finish; instead, the previous result from running the same command is used, or a placeholder if the command has not been run before.
You can demonstrate this from within a Tm... | tmux configuration: command output substitution doesn't |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I'm working on a platform with Wayland & Weston and I so far only have the Wayland-Terminal application installed. I can start it but it's unusable because I cannot type a single letter, it constantly gets repeated many times. It appears as if the keyboard repeat delay is set way too low. According to http://manpages.... |
I was able to come to a usable keyboard configuration with the following values (which I know are far from optimal but are good enough for me for now):
[core]
idle-time=0
require-input=false
repaint-window=17
[keyboard]
repeat-rate=0
repeat-delay=500
| How to set keyboard repeat delay in Weston |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I tried to create a custom mimetype (text/graphml+xml) by creating the file ~/.local/share/mime/packages/graphml+xml-mime.xml with this content:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'>
<mime-type type="text/x-graphml+xml">
<comment>GraphML... |
The fix
Use this XML file instead:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns='http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info'>
<mime-type type="application/x-graphml+xml">
<comment>GraphML file</comment>
<acronym>GraphML</acronym>
<expanded-acronym>Graph Modelling Language</expanded-a... | Assign an icon to a custom mimetype |
1,498,477,205,000 |
I have an old P3 laptop with an 800x600 screen on which I've installed WattOS 7.5. I know it is now on 10 but 7.5 is the latest one that will fit on a CD. The later ones will only fit on DVD. This is an old machine - it only has a CD reader, it will not boot off USB and it doesn't like microWatt (which still fits o... |
Finally got to the bottom of this. WattOS has an on screen utility called arandr. I've never been successful in pasting pictures so I'll do a sort of diagram. On some systems, it is called the Screen layout editor. On WattOS, it is called arandr. I used it because I thought it had something to do with xrandr.
_... | Screen dims after xrandr |
1,376,662,415,000 |
There was such tool but I cannot remember its name. I needed to configure precedence of addresses by /etc/gai.conf. I finally managed to find an error, but for future, what's the name of tool which displays the addresses of hostname as getaddrinfo(3) displays it?
|
I know there is a tool resolveip for this that comes with MySQL. It should also be dead-simple to write something with e.g. Python or Perl...
| Testing precedence of resolving addresses from commandline |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I have an NPI iMX6ULL ARM based single-board computer running Debian Buster. It has 2 network ports listed by ifconfig as eth0 and eth1
It seems to be ignoring my network configuration in /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo eth0 eth1
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.... |
Thank you to Seamus for pointing me in the right direction. The key was that the image I was working with was based on the BeagleBone images.
The issue was connman taking control of the network ports before networkd. On one unit, I was able to remove connman with apt. After that, my configuration in /etc/systemd/ne... | Debian Buster Can not set static IP |
1,376,662,415,000 |
Say I want to automatically update my /etc/ntp.conf configuration using sed. Format of ntp.conf allows to define lists by usage same keywords for lines occurred all over the file. For example:
# first block occurrences
server 1.1.1.1
server 2.2.2.2
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
# second block of occurrences
server 3.... |
If you have the new list of servers in a file named list.txt in cwd:
sed '/^server/{x;//!r list.txt
d}' /etc/ntp.conf
or, if you don't want to use a file but rather hardcode the new server names:
sed '/^server/{x;//!c\
server 1\
........\
server n-1\
server n
d}' /etc/ntp.conf
This assumes that there is at least one... | sed: remove all matches in the file and insert some lines where the first match was |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I just joined a new company, and this company is using rPath in its system deployment process.
If you did not know, rPath as a company and solution, has been closed and discontinued when they were acquired by SAS.
Is there any similar solution like rPath, or a straight clone for that solution?
RPath use the model of "... |
To answer my own question, there are no visible rPath clone out there.
If you are using rPath for package management and using Red Hat in your environment and would like to transition away, the logical tool for the task is Red Hat Satellite.
If you are adventurous, you can try Spacewalk, which is the Open Source upstr... | rPath clone or similar |
1,376,662,415,000 |
When searching the web for information about how to configure the default resolution and color depth for RealVNC sessions, I always come across stuff that talks about passing commandline parameters to vncserver, such as vncserver -geometry 1024x768 or something. However, I have my system configured to start the RealV... |
NOTE: I'm aware that this answer applies to the Virtual Mode of RealVNC rather than the Service Mode (vncserver-x11-serviced), but I think the Virtual Mode is generally more useful anyway, and it's the only one whose resolution can be changed dynamically. It's probably a pretty similar technique to change resolution ... | Configuring default resolution and color depth for RealVNC's vncserver-x11-serviced? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I want to use avahi on a system with a read-only rootfs where /etc is not writable.
I can start avahi-daemon with the -f option to specify a non-standard location for the avahi-daemon.conf file (default location is /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf). However I can't find any way to specify a non-standard location for the s... |
It seems that Avahi does not provide any configuration option for searching for service definitions in a non-standard location (other than rebuilding with a custom --prefix, but that obviously has other implications). In case someone else needs this, these are the options I've found:
Symlink /etc/avahi/services to a ... | Using a non-standard location for avahi services |
1,376,662,415,000 |
Since at least 2.6 kernels, Kconfig offers the option CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW, described as the "Amount of low memory, in kilobytes, to reserve for the BIOS".
(Starting from physical address 0 as I understand it and ranging from 4K to 640K)
Booting on my system, my logs inform me close to the beginning of the boot proc... |
You should see a longer help text for this config option. It offers two reasons.
config X86_RESERVE_LOW
int "Amount of low memory, in kilobytes, to reserve for the BIOS"
default 64
range 4 640
help
Specify the amount of low memory to reserve for the BIOS.
The first page contains BIOS data structures that the kernel
... | What is the point of the kernel reserving CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW memory for the BIOS? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
(On raspberry pi zero w, kernel 4.14y) It seems the wireless adapter chip isn't a device in the /dev fs, but is the name of something that 'ifconfig' knows about. I understand that this is an artifact from Berkley Sockets.
It is hardware, I assume it must be mentioned in the device tree -- to cause some driver to b... |
In Linux, network interfaces don't have a device node in /dev at all.
If you need the list of usable network interfaces e.g. in a script, look into /sys/class/net/ directory; you'll see one symbolic link per interface. Each network interface that has a driver loaded will be listed.
Programmatically, you can use the i... | How does Linux find/configure something like 'wlan0' when it is not a device that appears in /dev? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
Say, I have custom kernel from my distribution, how could I get list of all options the kernel was build with?
It's possible to get them by reading config file from kernel package from vendor's repo, but is there any other way? I mean ways to get that information form the kernel itself, maybe from procfs?
|
In addition to what @Stephen Kitt said, at least on my Debian system you can find the information in:
/boot/config-<version>
Where version, in my case, is:
3.16.0-4-686-pae
So, issuing:
less /boot/config-3.16.0-4-686-pae
Spits out the kernel configs in a long list!
| How to determine the options Linux kernel was build with? [duplicate] |
1,376,662,415,000 |
Where do I enable the CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL kernel configuration? Is it something I can set in conf files or is it something that has to be enabled when I build the kernel?
I am using CentOS with an upgraded kernel 3.10.
|
If you would like to check if an option is configured into your current kernel, you can probably get the config via gunzip -c /proc/config.gz > somefile. So to check this one:
gunzip -c /proc/config.gz | grep HZ _FULL
You can search for options when configuring the kernel with make menuconfig via / -- the other TUI ... | How I can enable Linux full tickless mode using CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I'm having an issue with the exclusion of users from the match group statement of my sshd configuration.
I already have a user exclusion declared like this
Match Group sftpusergroup User *,!"sftp_user"
This only started to work after I've put the user inside "", I suspect it is because of the _ on the username.
Now I... |
I haven't seen this behaviour before, but looking at the man ssh_config I see:
A pattern-list is a comma-separated list of patterns. Patterns within
pattern-lists may be negated by preceding them with an exclamation
mark ('!'). For example, to allow a key to be used from anywhere
within an organisation except f... | Excluding users from Match Group on SSH |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I would like to configure bash so that when I execute command (preferably from a list of commands, not any command) without an argument, it takes the argument of previous command.
So, for example I type emacs ~/.bashrc, then when I enter source, bash executes source ~/.bashrc. I know it's possible but I don't know whe... |
You can press Space then Meta+. before pressing Enter. This has the advantage that you can use it even with commands that make sense when applied to no argument. For source, use . to type less.
If you're old-school, you can use !^ instead to recall the first argument from the previous command, or !$ to recall the last... | Configure bash to execute command with last argument when no argument was provided |
1,376,662,415,000 |
So I made a dedicated Samba file server on my Debian(3.2) machine. I have had great success accessing it from both Windows and Unix. I can SSH into it on the local network.
When I try to SSH into it via the public IP address, it says connection refused.
I would like to be able to ssh into it remotely, directing into t... |
Scriptonaut, probably your problem has nothing to do with Samba, but has to do with port forwarding/NAT. If you have your SAMBA serving Debian computer in a LAN network, behind a router, you need it configured to transfer requests to some of its ports to your SAMBA running machine:
First, I'll tell, how outgoing conn... | How do I SSH into my Samba file server? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I noticed the error this morning, but I don't think I have changed anything last night, so I am very confused right now. Perhaps I updated some utilities on my system and it somehow broke the back compatibility. Basically I got a math: Error: Missing operator error when using tab completion.
Say I type fish, and hit T... |
The error goes away after I remove the line set -px PATH $PLAN9/bin. I guess it was because I accidentally shadowed some system utilities with its counterpart in Plan 9 from User Space.
Another workaround is to use set -ax PATH $PLAN9/bin instead. By using -a, the directory $PLAN9/bin is appended to $PATH (as opposed ... | Fish shell reports "math: Error: Missing operator" on tab completion |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I have come across a peculiar issue while using ansible. The problem is very strange and dangerous. I have a written a code to insert data in a particular section of a file i.e to add line after [database] in say /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.
The problem is I have noticed sometimes it adds the content properly after the ta... |
To avoid matching in a comment, anchor your regexp to the beginning of the line:
- { inserts: '^\[database\]', lines: 'rpc_backend = rabbit' }
| inserting data into a particular section of a configuration file with ansible |
1,376,662,415,000 |
In various blogs explaining the terminal multiplexer tmux and Git repositories containing a configuration file tmux.conf I find the following two lines (possibly with a varying prefix key):
set -g prefix2 C-a
bind C-a send-prefix -2
But what I couldn't find an answer for is why the second line is needed. As to my und... |
The second line means Ctrl-A-Ctrl-A sends a literal Ctrl-A input to the program (send-prefix). If you don't have a use for that, you don't need it, though it also doesn't hurt. It isn't binding the key a second time.
One use case for this is running tmux or screen inside tmux.
| Binding prefix key in tmux twice really needed? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I've noticed that some Linux configuration files (e.g. /etc/samba/smb.conf) expect you to enter the actual settings (key value pairs) in a particular "section" of the file such as [global].
I'm looking for a terminal tool/command which allows you to append lines to a specific section of a specific configuration file. ... |
You can do the task by sed directly, for example:
sed '/^\[global\]/a\my new line' /etc/samba/smb.conf
NOTE: This is not a solution because such line can be in config already. So firstly you should to test whether is the line present.
| Appending a line to a [section] of a config file |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I can't find a tutorial on how to set up a shared hosting server.
The part that I'm missing is the way privileges are set for the webmasters so that they don't see each others directories.
Previous post:
How OVH can configure their SSH server to do this?
I'm trying to set up a multi-users web server and for that I'd ... |
In a shared web-hosting environment, there are a couple issues that you need to address right off the bat.
Regarding directory permissions and only being able to access your files: what you want to do is set home directory permissions such that the "others" group has no permission whatsoever. Remember that eXecute per... | Is there a tutorial to set up a shared hosting server? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
It seems like the general pool of logging, changelog, readme, and config files in Linux is very inconsistently named. It always makes me wonder, why didn't *nix devs decide on a common file name schema long ago? I feel that it's unnecessarily annoying having to remember exactly how a file is named in regards to, let'... |
Considering the diversity above, what is the most accepted approach for naming configs?
Whatever you want to call them. File extensions don't matter much beyond letting an admin know what the file probably is. A human is probably going to know that *.cfg and *.conf are both probably config files.
The *.cnf I've only... | Why are certain naming conventions so inconsistent in Linux? [closed] |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I want to edit the startup list of Linux Mint 17 without logging in. Where does the Startup Applications program keep its list of applications?
|
You can easily find the location of such configuration info by making a small change to one of the application settings (make sure you can undo it if necessary) and then do:
find ~ -type f -mmin -1
Which find all files under your home directory that changed in the last minute.
You will find that the files are under... | Startup Applications config path |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I recently rented a Linux box and I intend to provision it using Ansible. I'd like to use Ansible as early as possible in the process. At this stage I only have a root account and the corresponding password.
Questions
Given the fact that my target box as well as OpenSSH-Server is running, would it be possible to cop... |
Appending -c paramiko to ansible <nameoftargetbox> -m ping -u root -k forces Ansible to use the Paramiko Python library internally which appearently does not have to have sshpass installed. Please consult this closed issue on the Ansible github issue tracker.
EDIT1:
To answer the original question, yes it is possible ... | Is it possible to start administering a linux box via Ansible with just the root account and its password? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
I keep getting errors on startup in Arch relating to my rc.conf:
failed to load module "wl"
failed to load module "lib80211"
etc. It lists all the modules in my /etc/rc.conf
This is my full rc.conf:
#
# /etc/rc.conf - configuration file for initscripts
#
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng dbus networkmanager crond .. etc. ..)
MODU... |
Your rc.conf is not properly configured; the elipses (...) in the wiki are illustrative only. The rc.conf file is a shell script and arrays shouldn't contain those dots.
Using that method is the deprecated way of loading modules. If you wish to continue to list them in this file, then you should use this format:
MODUL... | Arch modules not loading on start? |
1,376,662,415,000 |
Is there a way to check varnish configuration syntax without actually using the new version?
I'm searching for a native varnish equivalent of apache2ctl configtest
|
You can ask Varnish to compile your VLC file to a temporary file. This is part of our script that loads a new configuration into our varnish servers:
tmpfile=$(mktemp)
trap 'rm -f $tmpfile' 0
varnishd -C -f /srv/web/fe/varnish/default.vcl > $tmpfile
echo
if [ ! -s $tmpfile ]; then
echo "ERROR: There are errors i... | varnish configtest |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I got an embedded system trying to create a ppp connection using a GSM modem. However the connection is never established and all I get is this error message in syslog:
Oct 12 08:38:48 pppd[451]: pppd 2.4.4 started by root, uid 0
Oct 12 08:38:59 pppd[451]: Connect script failed
Oct 12 08:39:00 pppd[451]: Exit.
I now ... |
Somewhere in your ppp setup (probably either in /etc/ppp/options or at the command line), you have an option called connect followed by a command used to setup the modem for a connection. It's usually a chat script. You need to find out why that command is failing. If it is a chat script, you can make it verbose by ch... | How to proceed solving ppp connection problems? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I Have recently started configuring "screen", I have included my .screenrc below. I have a problem that if windows 0 & 1 (containing bash) are idle for about 10 mins they will close only leaving window 2 containing irssi. Have I done something wrong? is there something i can do to stop this from happening? I have trie... |
Is the TMOUT environment variable set (nothing to do with screen)? If it's set to 600, then bash will close the session after 600 seconds (10 minutes).
| Configuring screen, window problems |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm running Linux Mint 9 gnome on a Toshiba Satellite A105-S4211
With this,
inxi -G Graphics: Card Intel Mobile 945GM/GMS 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller X.Org 1.7.6 Res: [email protected] GLX Renderer Mesa DRI Intel 945GM GEM 20091221 2009Q4 x86/MMX/SSE2 GLX Version 1.4 Mesa 7.7.
And I want to know ... |
You should be able to adjust the gamma using the xgamma command.
| How do I configure my graphics drivers? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
Like most of us, I have several machines: at home, at work, for travelling... etc. I mainly write papers or books while I code. But I'm tired of svn'ing, rsync'ing and so on, so I've decided to carry a pendrive with me, with my Ubuntu customizations (bash, emacs, ...) and at the end of the day, do a rsnapshot. My ques... |
The answer is pretty simple :-)
You should put in there your documents you are working on and the dotfiles of the applications you use.
Theres no such thing like a minimal set of files you need. If an application is missing its configuration file, it will usually create a new one like at the first start.
Which files y... | Carry-on Ubuntu Customization |
1,318,598,595,000 |
This is what I have in ~/.zshrc (actually a file sourced from my ~/.zshrc, see below).
#CHANGING DIRECTORIES
setopt CD_SILENT
setopt CDABLE_VARS
setopt AUTO_CD
#COMPLETION
setopt recexact autolist listambiguous menucomplete hashlistall globcomplete completeinword completealiases autoparamslash
#EXPANSION AND GLOBB... |
Sorry guys I misunderstood the use of setopt localoptions.
Please note that I am learning so mistakes can happen.
That is the reason I was having the issue. That was a dumb mistake lol
Nothing was working and it was making me mad. So, I decided to revisit the basics at https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Options.ht... | setopt does not work in .zshrc. Can someone tell me why? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
In Zsh, the following fails:
$ echo hi > /tmp/this/path/does/not/exist/out.txt
zsh: no such file or directory: /tmp/this/path/does/not/exist/out.txt
Obviously the problem is that > cannot create missing parent directories. I find this behavior very annoying, it should just create the dirs. How can I accomplish this?
... |
You can always create a:
create() { mkdir -p -- $1:h && cat > $1; }
And use:
echo something | create path/to/some/file
Or even:
create() {
local dest
for dest do
mkdir -p -- $dest:h || return
done
cat > "$@"
}
To be able do do:
echo hi | create some/file some/other/file
Another approach:
makeparents()... | Create parent directories when using shell redirect |
1,318,598,595,000 |
When I ssh into this one remote system I'm unable to modify PS1. However, while I'm ssh'd in, if I start a non-login Bash, then I'm able to modify PS1. Here's my console output:
dev ~ ❯ bash --login
dev ~ ❯ echo $PS1
dev \W ❯
dev ~ ❯ PS1="foobar: "
dev ~ ❯ echo $PS1
dev \W ❯
dev ~ ❯ bash
dev ~ ❯ PS1="foobar: "
foobar:... |
fra-san mentioned this in a comment above before I added this answer -- credit goes to him.
It's possible that something in ${PROMPT_COMMAND} is setting the prompt. I can reproduce your issue with:
function set_ps1() {
PS1="hi> "
}
$ PROMPT_COMMAND="set_ps1"
hi> PS1="hello "
hi>
In this case, when I try to set... | Why can't I change my PS1 in my bash login shell? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm writing some integration tests, that test SSH connections between servers.
For the time being the tests are run from people's laptops. In order not to muck around in the user's (the user running the tests) ~/.ssh/config I create a temporary directory with a bespoke ./tmp/.ssh/config file just for the tests. Then ... |
According to the source code, ssh gets the home directory from the password file and then, if it does not succeed, from the HOME environment variable.
What you can do is add an Include to every user's ~/.ssh/config, say ~/tmp/user/.ssh/config.
If the file to be included does not exist, ssh will not complain. But if it... | OpenSSH not respecting $HOME when searching for ssh config files |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I would want to use the common ntpd daemon to test whether time is kept by a virtual machine or not, without letting it actually adjust the clock.
I'm running Solaris 11.4 (Oracle's standard image for Intel) inside VirtualBox on a macOS system, and I can't get the time to synchronise properly. It struck me that the V... |
ntpd
Understanding that you must use ntpd, the only options AFAIK are:
disable ntp
As seen on the ntp.conf manual page there is the possibility of disabling the ntp feedback loop, or, in layman terms: remove the ability of calculating time corrections between time servers and the local clock. The ntp.conf line needed ... | Using ntpd for monitoring time drift, but not for adjusting |
1,318,598,595,000 |
What does Load "fb" in Section "Module" of /etc/xorg.conf actually do?
Tried to RTFM and searching first.
|
Load "fb" is telling X to load the framebuffer module.
(II) Loading sub module "fb"
(II) LoadModule: "fb"
(II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules//libfb.so
(II) Module fb: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
compiled for 1.4.2, module version = 1.0.0
ABI class: X.Org ANSI C Emulation, version 0.3
from the freedesktop.... | What is `Load "fb"` in xorg.conf |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm using zsh version 5.3.1:
% zsh --version
zsh 5.3.1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
I'm trying to define a key binding, using the key sequence C-x r, to reload the configuration of zsh. Thanks to @Gilles, I included this code in my ~/.zshrc:
reread_zshrc () {
. ~/.zshrc
}
zle -N reread_zshrc
bindkey '^Xr' reread_zshrc
It w... |
In zle widgets, it seems zsh closes stdin. I suppose zsh wants to avoid commands in those widgets interfering directly with user input, but it would be more sensible to redirect stdin from /dev/null instead (that will be fixed in the next release).
When stdin (file descriptor 0) is closed, that means the first file a ... | How to test if the current zsh shell has already executed `dircolors` and `stty` commands? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I often find myself in trouble when I try to edit configuration files from the ~/.config/ folder. I expect any change I make to them to be effective, at least after restarting the application or having logged out/inagain.
But they sometimes don't. Here for example, I try to edit ~/.config/nautilus/accels, changing the... |
; starts a comment. So a line starting with ; is ignored.
And probably nautilus overwrites the config file at close. So you should stop nautilus, delete the ; and start nautilus again.
| Syntax of GTK applications' configuration files in ~/.config |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm trying to configure IP settings on my Raspberry Pi running Rasperian.
I edited /etc/networks/interfaces to be:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet static
address 110.76.71.106
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 110.76.71.0
broadcast 110.76.71.255
gateway 110.76.71.1
dns-nameserver 143.248.1.177
allow-hotpl... |
As steeldriver notes in a comment, there is a typo. If that's not just a typo in your question, you need to fix that.
iface etho0 inet static
^
extra "o"
Also, for readability, traditionally they are indented and you don't actually need to specify the network and broadcast when the defaults are OK:
if... | ifconfig not showing changed ip address |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm running tightvnc on a raspberry pi and looking at the log
/root/.vnc/hostname:5900.log
I see this line:
30/04/14 09:23:18 Listening for VNC connections on TCP port 11800
How can I change this so it listens on port 5900?
|
Tehehe, you got the schema behind the command line wrong. The argument you give to tightvnc is the display number, not port number. Display numbers correspond to port numbers in the way that
port = display + 5900
So display 0 would result in port 5900, display 5900 in port 11800. Took me a while, too. ;)
| How to make tightvnc listen for incoming connections on port 5900? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I was playing with the apache configuration files after a system restore when I noticed something I have never really though about too much. Here are the first lines of the default /etc/apache2/sites-available/default:
DocumentRoot /var/www
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<... |
It could be that you somewhere in your configuration define a Directory outside of DocumentRoot (e.g. I store my static pages under DocumentRoot but have web-applications in a separate directory outside DocumentRoot). By having <Directory /> in your configuration you define a reasonable default that's valid for every... | What's the difference between <Directory /> and <Directory /var/www/> in apache? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
In ~/.kde/share/config/kdeglobals, the value for the default web browser starts with an exclamation mark. What is the purpose of the exclamation mark?
[General]
BrowserApplication[$e]=!sensible-browser
|
Let's just ask the source code. If you're not interested in the details, just skip to the end to see the result:
There is a KCM for setting the default applications. Let's look up its name:
$ kcmshell4 --list | ack -i default
componentchooser - Choose the default components for various services
NOTE: The fo... | What does an exclamation mark at the beginning of a value in KDE configuration files do? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm a KDE user, and When I switch Linux distributions, I don't want to copy my entire home folder, since most of the configuration files there will be created automatically when I install\run programs on the new installation.
There are, however, some applications that I've put a lot of work into their configuration, a... |
All the file associations are stored in
~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list
For the KDE acitivies have a look at these files
activitymanagerrc
plasma-desktop-appletsrc
| Migrating the KDE configuration files |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I have configured /etc/network/interface like this:
auto lo eth0
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
But when a lease cannot be obtained, the booting is not completed. Is it possible to leave DHCP enabled but, in case a DHCP lease is not achieved, still complete the boot (so that a new network configuration c... |
There is a undocumented parameter to udhcp which sends it to the background and allows to boot.
udhcpc -b
| How to configure DHCP so that boot is completed even without a DHCP server? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
We have a systemd service unit that starts a third-party agent; call it "service c". The service unit functions correctly -- at least, as far as I can tell!
After a patching cycle, systemd starts this service unit (as expected) but then it turns around and stops the service unit about two seconds after it successfully... |
I would like to find out why systemd thinks it should be stopping the service unit. What can I configure or
enable to determine why systemd took the "stop" action?
In order to see the live-state of a service you can:
Use a systemd-cgls -l <service-cgroup-path> command: there you will see all the services's processe... | What can I configure or enable to determine why systemd took a "stop" action on a service? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I’ve scanned the ? commands inside ranger as well as some cheat sheets people made online, but to no avail.
How do I change ranger to only use 2 panes (or less)? I don’t mind getting rid of the entirety of the file preview window, if that’s what it takes (so, turn it into deer in the ranger plugin version for Emacs).... |
You can configure this with
set column_ratios 3,4
in your ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf file.
You can read 3,4 as make one pane 3 units wide and one pane 4 units wide. The left pane will show your files with the preview on the right.
It's actually in the man page inside ranger but you have to search for column not pane.
| ranger file explorer: how to change into 2 panes at most (for vertically narrow console) |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I'm using menuconfig to setup a linux kernel for debugging, but why does it seem that DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW only works for 32 bit systems?
As you can seen in the screenshot, enabling HAVE_DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW requires the system to be 32 bit. Is this because it's enabled by default when compiling for 64 bit systems? Goo... |
x86_64 used to have stack overflow checks, but they were removed once guard pages were added to all the stack types. Guard pages provide reliable overflow protection, without needing extra checks, so the stack overflow checks were redundant.
| How come you can't enable "DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW" when configuring a 64 bit kernel? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
Occasionally, NixOS changes config options in a way that is not entirely backwards compatible. For example, nixos 19.09 did not have a programs.gnupg.agent.pinentryFlavor option, but in nixos unstable (soon 20.03) I need to set it to a non-default value in order to get the right pinentry variant.
I share my configurat... |
The configuration function does receive an options attr, so it is possible to check if a given option is defined using builtins.hasAttr before setting it in the configuration.
Most NixOS configurations don't extract options, so you may need to add it first. For example:
{ config, pkgs, options, ... }:
{
programs.gnu... | Set NixOS config option only when it is valid, for backwards compatibility |
1,318,598,595,000 |
in the context of automating the installation of a machine, I would like to configure firefox, specifically the proxy settings, from the command line, either by executing commands or by editing configuration files, for example.
Is this possible, and if yes how?
Edit: I forgot to mention that I would like to configure ... |
You have basically two choices (that i can think of)
Launch firefox, and update your profile with the correct settings (proxy ones for example).
Then close and retrieve your configuration in ~myusername/.mozilla/firefox/xxxxxxx.default/prefs.js. xxxxx is a dynamic string. You can then use this user preferences for y... | Configure firefox without using the gui |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I usually work with Debian/Ubuntu as a basis for Apache and recently learned that commands like a2enmod MOD or a2dismod MOD are Debian-specific.
Is there a global / distro-agnostic way (maybe with some CM like Ansible or another) to enable or disable modules?
All I personally enable is http2, deflate and expires (and ... |
The platform independent way would in general be an adding of the according LoadModule directives to your Apache configuration. What a2enmod does, is linking files with such directives (.load files, plus additional .conf files, if needed) from /etc/apache2/mods-available to /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
| How to enable or disable Apache modules in a distro-agnostic way? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I configuring the battery module for polybar on arch linux.
I can make the battery icon red with
ramp-capacity-0 =
ramp-capacity-1 =
ramp-capacity-2 =
ramp-capacity-3 =
ramp-capacity-4 =
ramp-capacity-0-foreground = #ff0000
This will make the icon #ff0000, but the 10% label is still white. Is there any way... |
Setting ramp-capacity-0-foreground will only change the color of the ramp-capacity-0 text, as you have already noticed.
I assume you want to have the percentage in different colors depending on the battery charge, so you want to set it in the ramp. The only way you can currently do this is by setting
ramp-capacity-0 ... | Linux Polybar battery capacity 0 label color |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I don't know how to properly debug the kernel configuration process when an option that should be on ( because it doesn't really depends on anything and it doesn't conflict with anything that I can think of ) , really can't find a way to live beyond make olddefconfig .
Among other things I'm using
CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORTS_... |
Manually changing the .config file without Kconfig is discouraged as it might lead to unexpected behavior. In your case the best solution would be to run
make menuconfig
and selecting the configuration option from the menuconfig (the parameter you are looking for should be under arch/mips).
| How to force a CONFIG_ option to stay on? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
In the usual message index, mutt uses one line for displaying
q:Quit d:Del u:Undel s:Save m:Mail r:Reply g:Group ?:Help
Similar key bindings are displayed in other menus, e.g in the attachment menu, and so on.
This is helpful when starting out with mutt, but after a while this line isn't all that useful anymo... |
This is the help line. It can be toggled on or off with :set help.
You can have mutt start with it off with a setting in your muttrc:
unset help
If you would like to have the option to toggle it back on from time to time (rather than using the command), you can bind it to a key:
macro index,pager <F2> ":toggle help<e... | Don't show first line with common key bindings in mutt's menus |
1,318,598,595,000 |
In what directory does etckeeper store its metadata and permissions in?
I want to know for purposes of testing the restoration of a configuration.
|
It stores its metadata in the /etc/.etckeeper file, which is also tracked in the repository used to store /etc.
| What directory does etckeeper store its permissions / metadata in? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I take a simple example: systemd-timesyncd.service
This service is responsible to keep time accurate (like the regular NTP server, but it only act as a lightweight client, and synchronize to only one server at a time).
The default configuration file /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf is empty so the compile-time parameters a... |
Question: is there a standard way to display the default parameters for a systemd service?
There is no standard way to display the default parameters for a systemd service.
Many services expose some parameters on the bus.
For example:
busctl call org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.DBu... | systemd: how to print a service's default configuration? |
1,318,598,595,000 |
I like adapting the style of my terminal depending on what I am doing inside. Using tilda, I am therefore looking for a way to dynamically change the cursor shape, say, with a command line.
I know that this option can be changed without having to restart tilda since I can do this from the gui config editor. However, r... |
Thanks to Lanoxx, who is currently developping tilda. I can now answer this question.
tilda saves the configuration on exit to the config files. Therefore, editing them while it is running has no effect. Changing the configuration from the command line is not supported yet. It would require a dbus interface to be impl... | Edit tilda config files while running tilda |
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