date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,593,441,682,000 |
I executed dpkg-query -l libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 to find out the version of those packages, and I got the following output.
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================-==================-==================-==========================================================
ii libgtk-3-0:amd64 3.22.30-1ubuntu1 amd64 GTK+ graphical user interface library
ii libgtk2.0-0:amd64 2.24.32-1ubuntu1 amd64 GTK+ graphical user interface library
From man dpkg-query I get the following description for the first columns.
The first three columns of the output show the desired action, the package status, and errors, in that order.
Desired action:
u = Unknown
i = Install
h = Hold
r = Remove
p = Purge
Package status:
n = Not-installed
c = Config-files
H = Half-installed
U = Unpacked
F = Half-configured
W = Triggers-awaiting
t = Triggers-pending
i = Installed
Error flags:
<empty> = (none)
R = Reinst-required
From that description, ii would mean the desired action is install and that package is installed. It confuses me, as I would expect I don't need to take any action, if the package is already installed.
What exactly is that output telling me? Do I need to update the package, or is it already updated?
|
As you say,
From that description, ii would mean the desired action is install but that the package is installed.
This means that the desired state for the package is “installed”, and that the current state of the package is “installed”. Since both match, no change is needed. The action column doesn’t specify actions you need to take, it specifies actions that the packaging system is supposed to take — in effect, this states that you’ve asked the packaging system to install these packages, directly or indirectly (via dependencies).
It doesn’t say anything about whether the package is up-to-date; you need to look at the output of
apt policy libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0
to determine that.
dpkg-query only looks at the local package database in /var/lib/dpkg/status, so it doesn’t know about other package versions. APT is the tool which deals with package repositories and knows which versions of a package are available (and candidates for installation).
| What does "ii" in the first colums of the output of dpkg-query mean? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I just did an upgrade on my Debian install.
After updating my sources.list from Jessie to Stretch I did an apt-get update, apt-get upgrade and apt-get dist-upgrade.
While some packages failed to update the machine is still in a usable state. However 33 have failed to install properly starting with xserver-xorg-core.
It fails with the following message:
Setting up keyboard-configuration (1.164) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/keyboard-configuration.config: 5:
/etc/default/keyboard: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
dpkg: error processing package keyboard-configuration (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit
status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of
xserver-xorg-core: xserver-xorg-core depends on
keyboard-configuration; however: Package keyboard-configuration is not
configured yet.
Doing a apt-get install --reinstall keyboard-configuration returns the following message:
E: Internal Error, No file name for keyboard-configuration:amd64
Here is the output of uname -a:
Linux debian 4.9.0-6-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.82-1+deb9u3 (2018-03-02) x86_64 GNU/Linux
EDIT:
Here is the content of /etc/default/keyboard:
XKBLAYOUT=us,ca XKBVARIANT=, BACKSPACE=guess XKBOPTIONS=caps:escape"
|
The error message
/var/lib/dpkg/info/keyboard-configuration.config: 5:
/etc/default/keyboard: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
suggests there’s a problem with your /etc/default/keyboard file. Looking at the contents shows that you have an extraneous quote at the end of XKBOPTIONS; remove that and everything should work again (after a dpkg-reconfigure --pending).
| apt commands fail because No file name for keyboard-configuration:amd64 |
1,593,441,682,000 |
When a conffile is modified, dpkg gives you a prompt asking what to do:
Configuration file '/etc/apache2/mods-available/ssl.conf'
==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** ssl.conf (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
When you select D, it runs diff -Nu on the current and new configuration file.
How do you specify different diff options? In particular, I'd often like to specify -b. (Obviously, you can re-run diff by hand, but that's far less convenient.)
|
It appears you can not; the diff options are hardcoded in dpkg's source. From src/configure.c:
/* Child process. */
char cmdbuf[1024];
sprintf(cmdbuf, DIFF " -Nu %.250s %.250s | %.250s",
str_quote_meta(old), str_quote_meta(new),
command_get_pager());
command_shell(cmdbuf, _("conffile difference visualizer"));
DIFF is a macro from lib/dpkg/dpkg.h and is just defined as "diff". So that's diff -Nu hardcoded.
This is probably Debian bug #380332.
| Specify diff options for dpkg's config file prompt |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I know how to extract a package, make some minor changes, and repackage it. I wanted to know if there was anything special you'd have to do if you were to repackage a deb package so it was compatible with an older OS version.
For example, I want to upgrade xyz package on Ubuntu 12 but xyz package is only available on Ubuntu 14. Can I just modify the control file to change Utopic Unicorn to Precise Pangolin?
|
You'll get unmet dependencies if you want to take package from newer system and install on older one. You can check dependencies in the control file in Depends: section. You can try to resolve dependencies by upgrading them, but by doing so you can break other applications which depend on old versions. If you'll manage to get them, you can just rebuild package or try to install this package from source.
| How do you repackage a deb package for an older OS? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am running Debian Wheezy, which is the current stable Debian distribution. In my /etc/apt/sources.list, I have something like the following:
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian wheezy main
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-security/ wheezy/updates main
When I run apt-get update and apt-get upgrade, I would expect that only security updates will be installed. However, I see that there are other packages which want to be updated, such as:
dpkg (1.16.10) -> (1.16.12)
could somebody please explain what is the debian update policy? Why were these packaged updated? I was under the impression, that only security issues are being fixed in stable distribution.
|
Debian updates main mirror sometimes. That update contains all security updates from last release and some not-security updates.
For example last minor update was 12 Oct and that update contains dpkg improvements
| Debian: package updates in stable distribution |
1,593,441,682,000 |
If I'm writing a Debian package maintainer script (such as a pre-install script) for a package I create, how can I make the script determine if it is supposed to be running in non-interactive mode (e.g. if apt-get install was invoked with -y, and things like that)?
|
If your maintainer scripts need to interact with the user running the installation, the recommended way to proceed is to use debconf; see Conditional file and directory installation in Debian Packages for pointers. This might seem complicated but it does bring a number of benefits — not only does debconf handle non-interactive setups (with an explicit DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive invocation, or because there is no way to interact with a user), it also supports various frontends, and settings managed by debconf can be set ahead of installation (using “pre-seeding”). This might not be relevant in your case but debconf also supports prompts in various languages.
Note that apt-get flags are separate from maintainer script interactivity; see Is DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive redundant with apt-get -yqq?
| Check for non-interactive mode in Debian package maintainer scripts |
1,593,441,682,000 |
After an upgrade on Debian Bullseye, I got this error :
Errors were encountered while processing:
python3
python3-ldb
apt-listchanges
lsb-release
python3-mediainfodll
caja-mediainfo
python3-distro
python3-talloc:amd64
python3-apt
python3-debconf
samba-libs:amd64
yelp
libsmbclient:amd64
mate-user-guide
gvfs-backends
With this message for each package :
dpkg: error processing package [PACKAGE NAME] (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Tried to reconfigure but the same errors showed up :
sudo dpkg --configure -a
Tried also to reinstall and got this error :
sudo apt install --reinstall python3 --fix-broken
E: Internal Error, No file name for python3:amd64
|
The python3 package file in your apt cache seems to be corrupted; run
sudo apt clean
sudo apt reinstall python3
to force a re-download. If that still fails, download the package file manually and install it:
wget http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/python3-defaults/python3_3.9.2-3_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i python3_3.9.2-3_amd64.deb
Then try to continue the upgrade:
sudo dpkg --configure --pending
| Debian Bullseye - dependency problems |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I'm trying to clean up some C code and build a Debian package. The makefile was set to use -Wall but debuild uses -Wpedantic .
As it happens this was "a good thing" as the code was casting data pointers into function pointers (not allowed in ISO C and seriously dangerous ...on some architectures data and code may be in different address spaces)
However the code also uses ranges in switch statements, these are a gcc (and clang) extension and so -Wpedantic throws a fit.
case QNAP_PICSTS_SYS_TEMP_0 ... QNAP_PICSTS_SYS_TEMP_70:
(#defines not an enum)
I gather use of switch ranges is common the kernel, I could recode it to use a default with some if/else logic but this will actually be slower (a jump table vs code)
So 1 is there an option to allow just this feature and 2 (for bonus points) how do I set that in the Debian package rules ?
Options are here:
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.1.2/gcc/Warning-Options.html
|
I looked at the compiler output for switch/case/default where a large range is used; and I compared it to the same code implemented in if/else if/else (source code).
It yields the same exact binary code, aside from names (Godbolt's compiler explorer), when used with the GCC 12.2 as default in debian 12, and with the relevant dpkg-buildflags as used by debian.
Luckily, a modern compiler sees simple if(state == constant) expr; else if(state == other_constant)… and converts them to jump tables if they're short. So, exact same code as with switch/case. This already happens at -O1, so it's not some racy dangerous optimization.
And, furthermore to little surprise, constructs like case 5 ... 74: get converted to a comparison with 75 (after cases below 5 have already been handled by a jump table).
So, really, no reason in modern code to use switch and case, unless you think that case CONSTANT: … break; looks cleaner than if(state == CONSTANT){ … }. I don't – and I don't think your compiler does, either: having blocks allows for more stringent scoping.
There's one exception, and that is that of course case: without break allows you to basically emulate goto without goto:
switch(state) {
case 1:
value += 0.2f;
case 2:
retval = 1.0f/value;
break
// …
}
is equivalent to the hypothetical
if (state == 1) {
value += 0.2f;
goto label_in_two;
}
else if(state == 2)
label_in_two:
retval = 1.0f/value;
}
(and we both know the bugs that forgetting the break; will bring; it's the same issues that using goto will bring if you're not very careful.)
I hope you see how switch is really a convenience construct for people building finite state machines, and not meant to be used with ranges – there's simply no upside with a compiler that's not ancient compared to if/else if, and large sources for bugs in non-obvious control flow.
Thus, I think with hindsight being strong and with the knowledge of modern compiler optimizations being good, I'd say that GNU feature of case ranges was ill-conceived, and the warning hence sensible.
I therefore come to the conclusion that the correct way of silencing that warning is a conversion of your switch/case/default to an if/else if/else construct.
| Allowing just switch ranges in gcc |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I can't seem to work out how to build GNU Hello on Ubuntu 22.04. To reproduce, start a Docker container using docker run --interactive --rm --tty ubuntu:22.04, then run the following:
apt-get update
apt-get install -y debhelper-compat dpkg-dev wget
cd "$(mktemp --directory)"
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/h/hello/hello_2.10.orig.tar.gz http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/h/hello/hello_2.10-2ubuntu4.dsc http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/h/hello/hello_2.10-2ubuntu4.debian.tar.xz
tar -xf hello_2.10-2ubuntu4.debian.tar.xz
mkdir hello_2.10-2ubuntu4
mv debian hello_2.10-2ubuntu4
cd hello_2.10-2ubuntu4
dpkg-buildpackage
At this point I get this error message:
cp: cannot stat 'NEWS': No such file or directory
followed by
dh_installdocs: error: cp --reflink=auto -a NEWS debian/hello/usr/share/doc/hello returned exit code 1
What am I doing wrong? Where is the NEWS file supposed to be? The build is aware of the upstream tarball ("dpkg-source: info: building hello using existing ./hello_2.10.orig.tar.gz"), do I need to manually unpack that?
|
Yes, you need to extract the main tarball too:
tar xf hello_2.10.orig.tar.gz
cd hello*/
tar xf ../hello_2.10-2ubuntu4.debian.tar.xz
dpkg-buildpackage
apt-get source hello will take care of downloading and extracting the source package for you (if the source repositories are configured), and apt-get build-dep will take care of the build dependencies:
apt-get update
apt-get source hello
apt-get build-dep hello
cd hello*/
dpkg-buildpackage
| How to build GNU Hello .deb? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
There is a package I build from source, following this recipe:
echo "deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
apt update
apt source package
apt build-dep -y package
cd package/
dpkg-buildpackage
I want to cross-compile this package on an aarch64 host for an amd64 target. What parts might be necessary to modify?
For example, I could start with:
# basically, set up the apt repos for both amd64 and aarch64
sed -i '/^deb / {p; s/^deb /deb [arch=arm64] /}' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's,^deb http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/,deb [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/,' /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src [arch=amd64] http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
dpkg --add-architecture amd64
apt update
# install the cross compiler
apt install -y gcc-x86-64-linux-gnu
apt source package:amd64
apt build-dep -y package:amd64
cd package/
dpkg-buildpackage --target-arch=amd64
But this seems to be incomplete. For instance, if I am building the Linux kernel, dpkg-buildpackage complains that I'm missing dependencies like libudev-dev, and it invokes make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE= which is for the host architecture, not the target.
|
Here's an old question on the topic: How to cross-build a Debian package.
tshepang's answer there points out to use dpkg-buildpackage --host-arch=amd64 instead of --target-arch=. This is counterintuitive to me according to the widely used definitions of host and target when cross-compiling, but the nomenclature for Debian is slightly different, and target-arch is only used when building compilers and such.
For instance, if I am building the Linux kernel, dpkg-buildpackage complains that I'm missing dependencies like libudev-dev...
I worked around this with --no-check-builddeps but I haven't gotten to the bottom of why dpkg-buildpackage believes some dependencies are missing.
| Cross-compiling a Debian package from source |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am running Devuan 3.1.1 32-bit (Debian based) with kernel 4.19 on an old PC and trying to install proprietary Nvidia drivers. The latest version of the driver for the FX 5200 is version 173.14.39.
I have tried two methods for installing Nvidia drivers on my machine. The first is using the .run installer file directly from Nvidia's website. The second is using a nvidia-173_*.deb package file from Ubuntu package archives and installing it with dpkg.
I made sure to blacklist the nouveau driver in /etc/modprobe.d/ by creating a file named blacklist-nouveau.conf and putting blacklist nouveau and options nouveau modeset=0 in that file.
.run file method
I installed these packages as a prerequisite for running the installer: linux-headers-4.19.0-21-686 make automake gcc g++. I also installed some extra packages because in some installation instructions for Nvidia drivers I came across while searching for a solution said to install them and I figured it can't hurt to have them: pciutils elfutils libglvnd-dev build-essential.
I downloaded the .run file from here and ran it with sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-173.14.39-pkg1.run.
The installer runs for about 2 minutes before giving this error in /var/log/nvidia-installer.log.
The error log file says I should run make oldconfig && make prepare on the kernel source to fix the issue, so I tried running make oldconfig && make prepare in every subdirectory in /usr/src, the directory which contains linux-headers-4.19.0-21-686 and linux-headers-4.19.0-21-common. Running in any of these directories gives me this error;
scripts/Makefile.build:45: scripts/basic/Makefile: No such file or directory
make[1]: *** No rule to make target 'scripts/basic/Makefile'. Stop.
make: *** [Makefile:484: scripts_basic] Error 2
and the Nvidia installer still fails.
dpkg method
I added deb [allow-insecure=yes] http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main to /etc/apt/sources.list to access Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr software repositories because the nvidia-173 driver is in those repositories. (yes I am aware that this is very dumb but I am trying everything)
I ran sudo apt install nvidia-173 and received this error:
Package nvidia-173 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source
E: Package 'nvidia-173' has no installation candidate
I found an archive of a nvidia-173_*.deb installer file and downloaded it.
I ran dpkg -i nvidia-173_173.14.39-0ubuntu4_i386.deb and it gave an error saying it had these dependencies that needed to be installed; dkms acpid xorg-video-abi-15 and "broke" apt, so I "fixed" it by running apt --fix-broken install.
dkms and acpid installed, but when I tried to run sudo apt install xorg-video-abi-15 it gave me this error:
Package xorg-video-abi-15 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source
E: Package 'xorg-video-abi-15' has no installation candidate
I was unable to find an archive of xorg-video-abi-15.
When I tried to run dpkg -i nvidia-173_173.14.39-0ubuntu4_i386.deb it gives me this error:
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nvidia-173:
nvidia-173 depends on xorg-video-abi-11 | xorg-video-abi-12 | xorg-video-abi-13 | xorg-video-abi-14 | xorg-video-abi-15; however;
Package xorg-video-abi-11 is not installed.
Package xorg-video-abi-12 is not installed.
Package xorg-video-abi-13 is not installed.
Package xorg-video-abi-14 is not installed.
Package xorg-video-abi-15 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package nvidia-173 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
nvidia-173
So, any ideas?
|
I have the misfortune to be very well versed in this issue.
The first, and correct, solution, is to use nouveau free driver.
Legacy means legacy, and EOL means EOL
While you didn't list your system specs or Xorg version, here's the basic cutoff points of 173.14.39 (the last of the 173.xx.xx series):
Last X.org version supported: 1.15
Last kernel supported: 3.12
These are not negotiable items, if you run newer than X.org 1.15 or kernel 3.12, you cannot use the 173.xx driver, period.
So there's no need to waste your time trying to get something that can't run in the modern era running.
the FX 5xxx cards were EOL around 2005. While nvidia does a quite decent job supporting their legacy cards, support tends to run out somewhere between 5 and 10 years, depends.
304.xx series card non free drivers maxed at 4.13 kernel and xorg 1.19. Those are also EOL.
340.xx maxed at 5.4, and are also EOL. Those were made up to 2013, and I think had about 7 or 8 years? of support.
Short story is simple:
If you buy a reasonably modern radeon (1+ GiB ram) or amdgpu supporting AMD card, used, you will be happy, but if you try to run nouveau, you may not be as a happy because it's buggy and inconsistent. I tried it for a while but too much stuff was glitchy, crashed, failures to wake from suspend, etc.
I ran nvidia until 340.xx went EOL with current kernels, then bought some used AMD cards and haven't had any graphics issues since then. Those were well spent $20 per card in my opinion.
Using Nouveau
Your old hardware is more likely to have ok nouveau support than newer cutting edge stuff, but it really varies, nouveau is entirely reverse engineered by non nvidia people, who have done good work, but they don't have specs so it's very difficult for them.
The real question is why a Devuan user even thought trying to use EOL legacy non free nvidia drivers was even an idea worth trying in the first place.
Non free means something, it means nobody has access to the source code of legacy eol drivers, so they can't be updated or fixed or patched, they are binary blobs, period. Sometimes you can do light patching if you know how to do it, but you can't make a kernel or xorg that isn't supported at all work.
| Installing Legacy Nvidia Drivers for FX 5200 |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I'm trying to build *.deb packages into a chroot. When building the first package - bash, there were difficulties. I build packages using debootstrap and chroot.
I install debootstrap:
sudo debootstrap stable /stable-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian/;
I install the packages I need: apt -y install wget dpkg-dev devscripts dh-make locales;
Configure locale;
Configure /etc/apt/source.list - add deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main
Downloading the source to build - apt source bash(or using wget from the debian website)
Install build dependency - apt build-dep bash
And, finally, build - debuild -b(also tried with dpkg-buildpackage)
As a result, I get this error when building a bash package:
mkdir -p stamps
: # see #327477, needed to have HAVE_DEV_STDIN defined
(test -d /dev/fd && test -r /dev/stdin < /dev/null)
|| (test -d /proc/self/fd && test -r /dev/stdin < /dev/null)
make: *** [debian/rules:102: before-build] Error 1
dpkg-buildpackage: error: debian/rules build subprocess returned exit status 2
I tried to find it on the Internet, but did not succeed, and my knowledge is not enough to understand the essence of this error on my own.
Tell me, please, maybe I have to tweak something in the build environment or do I need some additional packages?
|
The bash build needs a working /proc and /dev, so you need to bind-mount them into your chroot before entering it.
Instead of doing all this manually, you’d probably find it easier to use a tool such as pbuilder or sbuild which will take care of all this for you. To get started with pbuilder, install it, run
sudo pbuilder create
and then run pdebuild instead of debuild.
| Error while building *.deb package in separate build environment |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I created a simple .deb package with fpm. The package is very basic and it simply runs a docker-compose file (see my other question here for package description).
I tried to specify that the package needs docker and docker-compose with:
fpm \
-s dir -t deb \
--deb-use-file-permissions \
-p diagnosticator-0.1.0-1-any.deb \
--name diagnosticator \
--license agpl3 \
--version 0.1.0 \
--architecture all \
--depends bash \
--depends docker \
--depends docker-compose \
--description "Diagnosticator local app" \
--url "https://diagnosticator.com" \
--maintainer "Enrico Cocchi" \
diagnosticator=/usr/bin/diagnosticator diagnosticator.1=/usr/share/man/man1/diagnosticator.1 docker-compose.yml=/usr/lib/diagnosticator/docker-compose.yml
but if I try to install it with sudo dpkg -i diagnosticator-0.1.0-1-any.deb:
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of diagnosticator:
diagnosticator depends on docker; however:
Package docker is not installed.
diagnosticator depends on docker-compose; however:
Package docker-compose is not installed.
even if I have both installed and working for my user:
$ which docker
/usr/bin/docker
$ which docker-compose
/usr/local/bin/docker-compose
What am I doing wrong here?
|
Package dependencies are on package names, not binaries.
For docker, you can determine the appropriate package name by running
dpkg -S /usr/bin/docker
For docker-compose, you might need to create your own package first, or switch to the relevant package.
You might also want to install your package using apt install ./diagnosticator-0.1.0-1-any.deb instead of dpkg -i; that will try to resolve dependencies for you. Note too that your package file name should be diagnosticator_0.1.0-1_all.deb.
| fpm .deb package docker dependencies |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am trying to figure out if an application I installed can be trusted, based on the following output. I hope this is the correct platform to get some advice on the matter!
I installed this package (pdfc-gui) from here with:
sudo dpkg -i pdfc-gui-21.4.225.deb
and in the installation I see that it adds/updates ssl certificates (see install output below).
Unfortunately I don't understand linux well enough to be sure if this is something I should worry about.
Can anyone explain this output to me?
Should I remove the package, and if so, how to be sure that all the changes it did would truely be reverted?
sudo dpkg -i pdfc-gui-21.4.225.deb
Selecting previously unselected package pdfc-gui.
(Reading database ... 734495 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack pdfc-gui-21.4.225.deb ...
Unpacking pdfc-gui (21.4.225) ...
Setting up pdfc-gui (21.4.225) ...
Clearing symlinks in /etc/ssl/certs...
done.
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
129 added, 0 removed; done.
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d...
Replacing debian:ACCVRAIZ1.pem
Replacing debian:Actalis_Authentication_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:AffirmTrust_Commercial.pem
Replacing debian:AffirmTrust_Networking.pem
Replacing debian:AffirmTrust_Premium.pem
Replacing debian:AffirmTrust_Premium_ECC.pem
Replacing debian:Atos_TrustedRoot_2011.pem
Replacing debian:Autoridad_de_Certificacion_Firmaprofesional_CIF_A62634068.pem
Replacing debian:Baltimore_CyberTrust_Root.pem
Replacing debian:Buypass_Class_2_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Buypass_Class_3_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:CA_Disig_Root_R2.pem
Replacing debian:CFCA_EV_ROOT.pem
Replacing debian:COMODO_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:COMODO_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:COMODO_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:Certigna.pem
Replacing debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Chambers_of_Commerce_Root_-_2008.pem
Replacing debian:Comodo_AAA_Services_root.pem
Replacing debian:Cybertrust_Global_Root.pem
Replacing debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_2009.pem
Replacing debian:D-TRUST_Root_Class_3_CA_2_EV_2009.pem
Replacing debian:DST_Root_CA_X3.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G2.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Assured_ID_Root_G3.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G2.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Global_Root_G3.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_High_Assurance_EV_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:DigiCert_Trusted_Root_G4.pem
Replacing debian:E-Tugra_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:EC-ACC.pem
Replacing debian:Entrust.net_Premium_2048_Secure_Server_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_EC1.pem
Replacing debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:GeoTrust_Primary_Certification_Authority_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R4.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_R5.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R2.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R3.pem
Replacing debian:Global_Chambersign_Root_-_2008.pem
Replacing debian:Go_Daddy_Class_2_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Go_Daddy_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2011.pem
Replacing debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_1.pem
Replacing debian:IdenTrust_Commercial_Root_CA_1.pem
Replacing debian:IdenTrust_Public_Sector_Root_CA_1.pem
Replacing debian:Izenpe.com.pem
Replacing debian:Microsec_e-Szigno_Root_CA_2009.pem
Replacing debian:NetLock_Arany_=Class_Gold=_Főtanúsítvány.pem
Replacing debian:Network_Solutions_Certificate_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GB_CA.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_1_G3.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_2_G3.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3.pem
Replacing debian:QuoVadis_Root_CA_3_G3.pem
Replacing debian:SecureSign_RootCA11.pem
Replacing debian:SecureTrust_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Secure_Global_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Security_Communication_RootCA2.pem
Replacing debian:Security_Communication_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Sonera_Class_2_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_EV_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Staat_der_Nederlanden_Root_CA_-_G3.pem
Replacing debian:Starfield_Class_2_CA.pem
Replacing debian:Starfield_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:Starfield_Services_Root_Certificate_Authority_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:SwissSign_Gold_CA_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:SwissSign_Silver_CA_-_G2.pem
Replacing debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_2.pem
Replacing debian:T-TeleSec_GlobalRoot_Class_3.pem
Replacing debian:TWCA_Global_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:TWCA_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:TeliaSonera_Root_CA_v1.pem
Replacing debian:Trustis_FPS_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:USERTrust_ECC_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:VeriSign_Universal_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:XRamp_Global_CA_Root.pem
Replacing debian:certSIGN_ROOT_CA.pem
Replacing debian:ePKI_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:AC_RAIZ_FNMT-RCM.pem
Replacing debian:Amazon_Root_CA_1.pem
Replacing debian:Amazon_Root_CA_2.pem
Replacing debian:Amazon_Root_CA_3.pem
Replacing debian:Amazon_Root_CA_4.pem
Replacing debian:Certum_Trusted_Network_CA_2.pem
Replacing debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_ECC_RootCA_2015.pem
Replacing debian:Hellenic_Academic_and_Research_Institutions_RootCA_2015.pem
Replacing debian:ISRG_Root_X1.pem
Replacing debian:SZAFIR_ROOT_CA2.pem
Replacing debian:TUBITAK_Kamu_SM_SSL_Kok_Sertifikasi_-_Surum_1.pem
Replacing debian:GDCA_TrustAUTH_R5_ROOT.pem
Replacing debian:GlobalSign_Root_CA_-_R6.pem
Replacing debian:OISTE_WISeKey_Global_Root_GC_CA.pem
Replacing debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem
Replacing debian:SSL.com_EV_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA_R2.pem
Replacing debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_ECC.pem
Replacing debian:SSL.com_Root_Certification_Authority_RSA.pem
Replacing debian:TrustCor_ECA-1.pem
Replacing debian:TrustCor_RootCert_CA-1.pem
Replacing debian:TrustCor_RootCert_CA-2.pem
Replacing debian:Certigna_Root_CA.pem
Replacing debian:certSIGN_Root_CA_G2.pem
Replacing debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_C3.pem
Replacing debian:emSign_ECC_Root_CA_-_G3.pem
Replacing debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_C1.pem
Replacing debian:emSign_Root_CA_-_G1.pem
Replacing debian:Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority_-_G4.pem
Replacing debian:e-Szigno_Root_CA_2017.pem
Replacing debian:GTS_Root_R1.pem
Replacing debian:GTS_Root_R2.pem
Replacing debian:GTS_Root_R3.pem
Replacing debian:GTS_Root_R4.pem
Replacing debian:Hongkong_Post_Root_CA_3.pem
Replacing debian:Microsoft_ECC_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem
Replacing debian:Microsoft_RSA_Root_Certificate_Authority_2017.pem
Replacing debian:Trustwave_Global_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P256_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:Trustwave_Global_ECC_P384_Certification_Authority.pem
Replacing debian:UCA_Extended_Validation_Root.pem
Replacing debian:UCA_Global_G2_Root.pem
Replacing debian:NAVER_Global_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
done.
done.
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.2) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20180209-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1.1) ...
|
The program calls this in its postinst script:
update-ca-certificates -f 2>/dev/null
The -f flag:
-f, --fresh
Fresh updates. Remove symlinks in /etc/ssl/certs directory.
So the output matches that of a call to update-ca-certificates. Note that there were other triggers, so that the certificates update might have been waiting there, from another unrelated installation/update, and were only now processed.
You can inspect the contents of the deb file with:
ar -x packages.deb
The (un)install scripts are then inside control.tar.xz (at least for version 2.0 of the Debian binary package format).
That being said, there is no way on earth to trust a closed source application. If it were doing something shady, you probably wouldn't see it in the output (changing CA certificates would be definitely shady, but it doesn't seem to be the case).
| Why is this package (pdfc-gui) updates my ca-certificates, on Ubuntu 16.04? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I'm using Kali Linux and I'm getting the error
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of messengerfordesktop: messengerfordesktop depends on libappindicator1 | libappindicator | libappindicator-gtk3
while writing this:
sudo dpkg -i messengerfordesktop-2.0.9-linux-amd64.deb
I tried sudo apt-get install -f but it says the package messengerfordesktop will be removed. I have tried installing these 3 packages manually as well but I'm getting this error:
E: Package 'libappindicator1' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'libappindicator' has no installation candidate
E: Package 'libappindicator-gtk3' has no installation candidate
So what should I do?
|
libappindicator-gtk3 isn't available in Kali Linux. libappindicator1 and libappindicator have been removed from Kali repositories.
You can install Messenger from snapcraft:
sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install core
sudo snap install messenger-collabee
sudo snap install slack --classic
sudo snap install discord
If you are using an old version of Kali (less than 2021.1)
then you have to run program this way:
snap run <application>
| dpkg dependency problem messengerfordesktop depends on libappindicator1 | libappindicator | libappindicator-gtk3 |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I follow the steps in this post to create a custom repository, but I want to rename it. I can't find any way to do it. Can you please help me?
|
Sounds like you want to know how to rename a package. There are two ways to do this. In this example, I'm going to change the name of cowsay to mysay
From source
Download the debian (or ubuntu) source package, rename the files as appropriate, replace the old name with the new name in the debian/* directory (that's what the sed lines are doing, then build it with dpkg-buildpackage.
Be a little careful, because some packages may have build rules which depend on the package name and may not be as trivial as cowsay. This is probably the toughest option.
apt source cowsay
mv cowsay-3.03+dfsg2 mysay-3.03+dfsg2
mv cowsay_3.03+dfsg2-8.dsc mysay_3.03+dfsg2-8.dsc
mv cowsay_3.03+dfsg2.orig.tar.gz mysay_3.03+dfsg2.orig.tar.gz
cd mysay-3.03+dfsg2/
sed -i 's/\bcowsay\b/mysay/g' debian/changelog debian/control
sed -i 's./debian/cowsay./debian/mysay.g' debian/rules
dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us
From binary
Get the *.deb you want to manually split the archive up, edit the control file and then put it back togeather.
apt download cowsay
mkdir mysay && cd mysay
# Split everything up
ar -x ../cowsay_3.03+dfsg2-8_all.deb
mkdir control
tar -xf control.tar.xz -C control
# CHange the package name
sed -i 's/cowsay/mysay/' control/control
# Put the control file back togeather
cd control
tar -cf control.tar.xz *
mv control.tar.xz ../
cd ..
rm -r control
# Put the rest back togeather
ar r ../mysay_3.03+dfsg2-8_all.deb debian-binary control.tar.xz data.tar.xz
From binary (method 2)
This one simplifies the re-combining process. This is probably the easiest method.
apt download cowsay
ar x cowsay_3.03+dfsg2-8_all.deb
mkdir -p mysay/DEBIAN
tar -xf control.tar.xz -C mysay/DEBIAN
tar -xf data.tar.xz -C mysay/
sed -i 's/cowsay/mysay/' mysay/DEBIAN/control
dpkg-deb -b mysay
A few final notes:
If you try to install cowsay and mysay on the same machine, one of the packages will fail. That's because they both supply the same files, so it's impossible for your system to know which owns it. A way to make this foolproof is to add a Conflicts: cowsay to the control file of mysay.
Renaming packages is a little strange. It is sure to cause the conflicts mentioned above. I not sure I can picture a case where this is necessary.
| How to rename a local APT repository? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I've downloaded and burn a yocto raspbian image, I found out I've no apt nor dpkg but only pkg-config and wget, how can I install them?
Or at least how could I install dpkg in order to install apt in the aftermath using wget and dpkg?
|
Raspbian includes dpkg and apt; what you’ve downloaded presumably isn’t Raspbian, but a Raspberry Pi Yocto image. The latter kind of image isn’t designed to be modified, and you shouldn’t try to add dpkg to your image.
Put another way, if you want Raspbian, make sure you download a Raspbian image.
| How can I install dpkg and aptitude on Raspbian? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am trying to install a new app doing upgrading my 32bit zorin os 15 lite system. I keep getting these messages in the terminal:
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?
I need help please. How can I overcome this terrible messages
|
Obviously your lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend) indicates that either another process (maybe the update process) is just using dpkg and tells you that you cannot use it. If the problem persists you need to find out which process is holding it.
Find that out:
lsof /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
That process is responsible for not releasing the lock file. Either kill it or update your question by editing your question and place the result of the command above.
| I have a terrible problem with downloading apps and upgrading my 32bit Zorin OS 15 lite, can someone please help me? |
1,593,441,682,000 |
Typing apt-get upgrade returns the following error:
dpkg: error processing package gdb (--configure):
package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
reinstall it before attempting configuration
Errors were encountered while processing:
gdb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
I tried a lot of solution, but still the error occurs. Please help me to get out from this problem.
|
The error message gives some indication of what’s going on and how to fix it:
package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
reinstall it before attempting configuration
The problem is that the package state as described in dpkg’s “database” (the files under /var/lib/dpkg/info doesn’t match what’s on the system. This can happen because the files under /var/lib/dpkg/info got corrupted, or because the files installed by the package were changed without involving dpkg.
The appropriate fix is to reinstall gdb:
sudo apt --reinstall install gdb
This replaces the files on the system, including the dpkg database files, with the files in the package, if necessary downloading it again. As a result, the database ends up in sync with the file system again (at least, as far as gdb’s files are concerned).
| Error in dpkg when executing apt-get upgrade ( most of the commands ) |
1,593,441,682,000 |
So you might have noticed on typing apt-get update there comes an error sometimes that says
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/
W: Problem unlinking the file /var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin - RemoveCaches (13: Permission denied)
W: Problem unlinking the file /var/cache/apt/srcpkgcache.bin - RemoveCaches (13: Permission denied)
I know that the error can be removed by using sudo. But I am confused as to how this mechanism works. If you could help me with that, I'd be grateful.
|
The problem in your example is not about locking, it is a permission error. apt is trying to read/write to a file (/var/lib/apt/lists/lock) that it does not have permission to read/write to.
Look at chown, file ownership, and what is a user (on the Unix system).
Incidentally this file is used for locking (to prevent two apts accessing the apt database at the same time).
| I want to understand how locking works in Linux [closed] |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am following the commands below--modified from the answer here--in hopes of building a .deb package of sstp-client for my Kali Linux build. I eventually want a username/password-authenticated SSTP VPN option in the Gnome network-manager GUI.
I'm running these commands on the Kali Linux build, which is based on Debian, so--to my understanding--should work:
apt-get install build-essential dpkg-dev debhelper ppp-dev libevent-dev libssl-dev
mkdir sstp-client.build && cd sstp-client.build
wget 'http://sourceforge.net/projects/sstp-client/files/sstp-client/sstp-client-1.0.12.tar.gz'
tar -xzvf sstp-client-1.0.12
cd sstp-client-1.0.12
dpkg-buildpackage -b -us -uc
And this is where I run into an error:
dpkg-buildpackage: error: cannot open file debian/changelog: No such file or directory
After spotting some other dpkg commands on this page, I decided to try dpkg-checkbuilddeps:
dpkg-checkbuilddeps: error: cannot read debian/control: No such file or directory
How can I move past these errors so I can build the .deb package?
|
On debian testing, you can install sstp-client from this git repository.
Attention Debian Users:
Debian/Ubuntu users can now use my personal PPA to download and install the network-manager-sstp and sstp-client project via launchpad.
Using apt (bionic suite for debian testing):
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 61FF9694161CE595
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/eivnaes/network-manager-sstp/ubuntu bionic main" |sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sstp-client.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install sstp-client
| Building sstp-client on Kali Linux from Source: dpkg errors |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I want to install pdftk on my development machine where I have installed (multiple versions of) Java with SDKMAN!. In order to fulfill the dependency on default-jre-headless of pdftk-java, I created a simple file for equivs-build:
Section: misc
Priority: optional
Homepage: https://github.com/reitzig/sdkman-equivs
Standards-Version: 3.9.2
Package: sdkman-java-11-open
Maintainer: Raphael Reitzig <[email protected]>
Provides: openjdk-11-jre-headless, openjdk-11-jdk-headless, openjdk-11-source, default-jdk-headless, default-jre-headless
Conflicts: openjdk-11-jre-headless, openjdk-11-jdk-headless, openjdk-11-source
Replaces: openjdk-11-jre-headless, openjdk-11-jdk-headless, openjdk-11-source
Architecture: all
Description: Dummy package for OpenJDK 11 installed with SDKMAN!
I then installed the package with
equivs-build java-11-open
sudo dpkg -i sdkman-java-11-open_1.0_all.deb
Seems to have worked:
$ aptitude show default-jre-headless
Package: default-jre-headless
<snip>
Provided by: sdkman-java-11-open (1.0)
However, the dependency is still not met:
$ sudo aptitude update > /dev/null; sudo aptitude install pdftk
The following NEW packages will be installed:
default-jre-headless{a} java-common{a} libapache-pom-java{a} libbcprov-java{a} libcommons-lang3-java{a}
libcommons-parent-java{a} pdftk pdftk-java{a}
Same with apt-get. This is on Ubuntu 18.04.
What have I done wrong?
|
David Foerster’s pdftk-java package depends on default-jre-headless (>= 7) | java7-runtime-headless; to satisfy that, you need a package with a versioned “Provides” (for default-jre-headless), or a package providing java7-runtime-headless. (I think the versioned dependency on default-jre-headless is incorrect; the default JDK/JRE packages are concrete packages with an epoch, so they all match that, and they’re not supposed to be used to enforce minimal versions.)
You should change your equivs file to provide the same virtual packages as the packages you’re replacing (openjdk-11-jre-headless etc.), with at least:
Provides: java-runtime-headless, java10-runtime-headless, java11-runtime-headless, java2-runtime-headless, java5-runtime-headless, java6-runtime-headless, java7-runtime-headless, java8-runtime-headless, java9-runtime-headless, openjdk-11-jre-headless, openjdk-11-jdk-headless, openjdk-11-source, default-jdk-headless, default-jre-headless
(You probably don’t need to provide the concrete openjdk-11-jre-headless and openjdk-11-jdk-headless packages, but I’ve left them in for simplicity.)
| apt ignores virtual package provided equivs-created package |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I'm trying to install openntpd (sudo apt-get install openntpd) and I'm getting:
Preparing to unpack .../openntpd_1%3a6.0p1-2_amd64.deb ...
Warning: unable to find a suitable fs in /proc/mounts, is it mounted?
Use --subdomainfs to override.
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archive/openntpd_%3a6.0p1-2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archive/openntpd_%3a6.0p1-2_amd64.deb
I already tried rebooting and:
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archive/openntpd_%3a6.0p1-2_amd64.deb
I also examined /var/lib/dpkg/info/openntpd.preinst.
I can install other packages. Is it a bug in openntpd? That would be strange because I have the latest version running on another of my Debian 9 KDE machines. All of these are using the 4.9.0-8-amd64 kernel. Maybe it has something to do with AppArmor?
Why am I getting this error and how to fix it?
|
It worked after running sudo apt-get purge ntp.
| Can't install openntpd: "unable to find a suitable fs in /proc/mounts, is it mounted?" "pre-installation script returned error exit status 1" |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am running Ubuntu server 16.04.3. I enabled the automatic installation of security updates.
This morning, the server was turned off (not sure why, it was expected to be running). After restarting it, I tried to update it using apt-get dist-upgrade. It gives me the following error:
Fetched 351 kB in 0s (1 760 kB/s)
/bin/sh: 1: /usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure: not found
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libpam-runtime' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'python3.5' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libpython3-stdlib:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'makedev' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libnettle6:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:
unable to open files list file for package 'libicu55:amd64': No such device or address
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
I then assumed that something was being installed when the server was shutdown for an unknown reason. I tried to apt-get install -f. It gives me the following:
/bin/sh: 1: /usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure: not found
Setting up linux-firmware (1.157.16) ...
/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 233: /usr/sbin/update-initramfs: linux-version: not found
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-firmware
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
dpkg-preconfigure is present on the system
root@lelouch:~# whereis dpkg-preconfigure
dpkg-preconfigure: /usr/sbin/dpkg-preconfigure /usr/share/man/man8/dpkg-preconfigure.8.gz
linux-version is also present but cannot be executed
root@lelouch:~# whereis linux-version
linux-version: /usr/bin/linux-version /usr/share/man/man1/linux-version.1.gz
root@lelouch:~# /usr/bin/linux-version
bash: /usr/bin/linux-version: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
dpkg -C gives the following
root@lelouch:~# dpkg -C
The following packages are only half configured, probably due to problems
configuring them the first time. The configuration should be retried using
dpkg --configure <package> or the configure menu option in dselect:
linux-firmware Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
The following packages are missing the list control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
libc-bin GNU C Library: Binaries
libdns-export162 Exported DNS Shared Library
libgtk2.0-common common files for the GTK+ graphical user interface librar
libidn11:amd64 GNU Libidn library, implementation of IETF IDN specificat
libisc-export160 Exported ISC Shared Library
libncursesw5:amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character su
libnettle6:amd64 low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cr
libnewt0.52:amd64 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with s
libnih1:amd64 NIH Utility Library
libp11-kit0:amd64 library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 mo
libpam-modules:amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
libpam-modules-bin Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binarie
libpam-runtime Runtime support for the PAM library
libpam0g:amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules library
libpcre3:amd64 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - runtime fi
libpng12-0:amd64 PNG library - runtime
libpopt0:amd64 lib for parsing cmdline parameters
libprocps4:amd64 library for accessing process information from /proc
libpython3-stdlib:amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default
libpython3.5:amd64 Shared Python runtime library (version 3.5)
libreadline6:amd64 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libseccomp2:amd64 high level interface to Linux seccomp filter
libselinux1:amd64 SELinux runtime shared libraries
libsemanage-common Common files for SELinux policy management libraries
libsemanage1:amd64 SELinux policy management library
libsepol1:amd64 SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
libslang2:amd64 S-Lang programming library - runtime version
libsqlite3-0:amd64 SQLite 3 shared library
libssl1.0.0:amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
libtasn1-6:amd64 Manage ASN.1 structures (runtime)
libtext-charwidth-perl get display widths of characters on the terminal
libustr-1.0-1:amd64 Micro string library: shared library
libuuid1:amd64 Universally Unique ID library
libxtables11:amd64 netfilter xtables library
linux-base Linux image base package
login system login tools
logrotate Log rotation utility
lsb-base Linux Standard Base init script functionality
lsb-release Linux Standard Base version reporting utility
makedev creates device files in /dev
mawk a pattern scanning and text processing language
mime-support MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs
mount tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
ncurses-bin terminal-related programs and man pages
net-tools NET-3 networking toolkit
netbase Basic TCP/IP networking system
netcat-openbsd TCP/IP swiss army knife
python3.5 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version
systemd system and service manager
udev /dev/ and hotplug management daemon
The following packages are missing the md5sums control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
libncursesw5:amd64 shared libraries for terminal handling (wide character su
libnettle6:amd64 low level cryptographic library (symmetric and one-way cr
libnewt0.52:amd64 Not Erik's Windowing Toolkit - text mode windowing with s
libnih1:amd64 NIH Utility Library
libp11-kit0:amd64 library for loading and coordinating access to PKCS#11 mo
libpam-modules:amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM
libpam-modules-bin Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM - helper binarie
libpam-runtime Runtime support for the PAM library
libpam0g:amd64 Pluggable Authentication Modules library
libpcre3:amd64 Perl 5 Compatible Regular Expression Library - runtime fi
libpng12-0:amd64 PNG library - runtime
libpopt0:amd64 lib for parsing cmdline parameters
libprocps4:amd64 library for accessing process information from /proc
libpython3-stdlib:amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default
libreadline6:amd64 GNU readline and history libraries, run-time libraries
libselinux1:amd64 SELinux runtime shared libraries
libsemanage-common Common files for SELinux policy management libraries
libsemanage1:amd64 SELinux policy management library
libsepol1:amd64 SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
libslang2:amd64 S-Lang programming library - runtime version
libsmartcols1:amd64 smart column output alignment library
libsqlite3-0:amd64 SQLite 3 shared library
libss2:amd64 command-line interface parsing library
libtext-charwidth-perl get display widths of characters on the terminal
libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:amd64 Texture compression library for Mesa
libustr-1.0-1:amd64 Micro string library: shared library
libuuid1:amd64 Universally Unique ID library
linux-base Linux image base package
login system login tools
logrotate Log rotation utility
lsb-base Linux Standard Base init script functionality
lsb-release Linux Standard Base version reporting utility
makedev creates device files in /dev
mawk a pattern scanning and text processing language
mime-support MIME files 'mime.types' & 'mailcap', and support programs
mount tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
ncurses-base basic terminal type definitions
ncurses-bin terminal-related programs and man pages
net-tools NET-3 networking toolkit
netbase Basic TCP/IP networking system
netcat-openbsd TCP/IP swiss army knife
I guess the poweroff messed everything. A little background about it. The server is in a VM ran by proxmox. The disk image (dcow2) was damaged. I had to repair it using the proxmox tool (qemu-img check -r all /var/lib/vz/images/100/vm-100-disk-1.qcow2). Then, I had to recover the grub, as it seems to have been damaged. Finally, I had to run an fsck -r because the server was complaining:
EXT4-fs error (device sda3): ext4_iget:4245: inode #1835722: comm rs:main Q:Reg: bad_extra_isize (20725 != 256). After the fsck, the system ran fine, and the files stored on it seems undamaged.
No logs on the VM host are able to tell what happened. On the server, there is no syslog for the time where the server crashed. However, unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log shows the following with nothing after that, so it might be something involved in the crash:
Log started: 2018-02-15 06:35:35
(Reading database ... ^M(Reading database ... 5%^M(Reading database ... 10%^M(Reading database ... 15%^M(Reading database ... 20%^M(Reading database ... 25%^M(Reading database ... 30%^M(Reading database \
... 35%^M(Reading database ... 40%^M(Reading database ... 45%^M(Reading database ... 50%^M(Reading database ... 55%^M(Reading database ... 60%^M(Reading database ... 65%^M(Reading database ... 70%^M(Read\
ing database ... 75%^M(Reading database ... 80%^M(Reading database ... 85%^M(Reading database ... 90%^M(Reading database ... 95%^M(Reading database ... 100%^M(Reading database ... 109727 files and direct\
ories currently installed.)^M
Preparing to unpack .../libvorbisenc2_1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libvorbisenc2:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1) over (1.3.5-3) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../libvorbis0a_1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1) over (1.3.5-3) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../linux-firmware_1.157.16_all.deb ...^M
Unpacking linux-firmware (1.157.16) over (1.157.14) ...^M
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...^M
Setting up libvorbis0a:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1) ...^M
Setting up libvorbisenc2:amd64 (1.3.5-3ubuntu0.1) ...^M
Setting up linux-firmware (1.157.16) ...^M
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-112-generic^M
W: mdadm: /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf defines no arrays.^M
Mdadm looks like this:
# mdadm.conf
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions
CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
# This file was auto-generated on Sat, 10 Feb 2018 17:09:37 +0100
# by mkconf $Id$
Would someone have an idea of how to fix?
|
Disk image corruption is rather unusual...
Given the number of packages you need to reinstall, and the fact that many essential packages are affected, I think it’s time to back any files you need from the VM somewhere else, and create a new VM from scratch. That is extremely likely to take much less time than attempting to fix the current VM.
| dpkg error while upgrading: dpkg-preconfigure not found |
1,593,441,682,000 |
I am trying to reduce the hard disk footprint of my Debian Stretch installation by automatically purgeing all packages that are:
not essential packages and
not needed by any essential packages (possibly even indirectly).
An essential package is a package that has the Essential control field set.
For example, init is not an essential package, whereas coreutils is essential.
I am currently confused if there are different definitions of essential.
When I use dkpg, I see that init is not essential:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Essential}\n' | grep init
init no
init-system-helpers yes
initramfs-tools no
initramfs-tools-core no
sysvinit-utils yes
However, when removing init (which in and itself sounds like a bad idea, but that is not the point here) with apt-get purge, I get the message that init is indeed essential:
apt-get purge init
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
init*
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
init
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 19.5 kB disk space will be freed.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] n
Abort.
My questions are:
Why do dkpg and apt-get have conflicting definitions of essential?
How do I query all packages that are essential in the sense of apt-get?
|
Turns out it's from the Important: yes field that init has (but, e.g., tzdata does not).
$ dpkg -s init | grep Important
Important: yes
The message when trying to remove it is indeed confusing v. Essential: yes packages; Debian bug #826587 requests a less-confusing message.
PS: You might want to take at look at the Installed-Size. You're not saving much purging init, as its purpose is just to make sure that some init system is installed. And if you don't have an init system installed, then your system is either a highly customized embedded box or broken.
| Why is the same package sometimes essential and not essential? |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I'm working on stripping a system to the least amount of files, packages, etc.. that it needs to provide the functionality I desire.
I'm finding that a lot of packages I would like to keep have dependencies on packages which are completely unnecessary, and/or unwanted for the distribution I'm building, aside from the fact that they are dependencies.
I know that I can pull the source for each package, compile a list of functions from the unwanted dependency, scan the source of the package I want to keep for where those functions are called (if at all), and strip the library to just that function and possibly it's api, or whatever else is necessary to deliver that functionality to the package I would like to keep.
I've now done this, once to see if it was possible. It is. However it's time-consuming, tedious, and hardly a candidate for automation.
Is there an option I haven't been able to find in dpkg or a program that exists that has escaped my (admittedly not amazing) research abilities to achieve my desired effect?
|
deborphan attempts to solve this problem.
aptitude does it for you behind the scenes, keeping track of which packages can be removed because they were pulled in merely to satisfy a dependency for a package which is no longer installed.
debfoster advertises somewhat similar functionality, but I don't have practical experience with it.
These all work on the package level, and use the declared dependencies in dpkg's database. Your question seems to suggest that you want to strip down individual packages to remove code and other resources which you don't need. This is a significantly more complex and demanding task; I don't imagine anything cut and dried exists to solve this problem.
| Easy way to determine what what functions from a package are used by a dependent package? |
1,495,854,617,000 |
After updating linux Mint kernel to 4.10.0-14-generic virtualbox is not working anymore.
I tried to run "mobprobe vboxdrv"
modprobe: FATAL: Module vboxdrv not found in directory /lib/modules/4.10.0-14-generic
Then following several webpages I tried reconfiguring the dkms:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms
------------------------------
Deleting module version: 5.0.32
completely from the DKMS tree.
------------------------------
Done.
Loading new virtualbox-5.0.32 DKMS files...
Building only for 4.10.0-14-generic
Building initial module for 4.10.0-14-generic
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.10.0-14-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/make.log for more information.
Job for virtualbox.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status virtualbox.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript virtualbox, action "restart" failed.
● virtualbox.service - LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel module
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/virtualbox; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2017-04-11 16:29:30 CEST; 3ms ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 6978 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/virtualbox start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP systemd[1]: Starting LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel .....
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP virtualbox[6978]: * Loading VirtualBox kernel modu....
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP virtualbox[6978]: * No suitable module for running...d
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP virtualbox[6978]: ...fail!
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP systemd[1]: virtualbox.service: Control process ex...=1
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: VirtualBox Linux ...e.
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP systemd[1]: virtualbox.service: Unit entered faile...e.
Apr 11 16:29:30 marco-HP systemd[1]: virtualbox.service: Failed with result...'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
This is the output of the log:
DKMS make.log for virtualbox-5.0.32 for kernel 4.10.0-14-generic (x86_64)
Tue Apr 11 16:29:21 CEST 2017
make: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-14-generic'
LD /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/built-in.o
LD /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/built-in.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/linux/SUPDrv-linux.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/SUPDrv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/SUPDrvGip.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/SUPDrvSem.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/SUPDrvTracer.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/SUPLibAll.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/alloc-r0drv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/initterm-r0drv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/memobj-r0drv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/mpnotification-r0drv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/powernotification-r0drv.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/assert-r0drv-linux.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/alloc-r0drv-linux.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/initterm-r0drv-linux.o
CC [M] /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.o
/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.c: In function ‘rtR0MemObjNativeLockUser’:
/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.c:1066:18: error: too few arguments to function ‘get_user_pages_remote’
rc = get_user_pages_remote(
^
In file included from /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/the-linux-kernel.h:88:0,
from /var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.c:31:
./include/linux/mm.h:1289:6: note: declared here
long get_user_pages_remote(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
^
scripts/Makefile.build:294: recipe for target '/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.o' failed
make[2]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv/r0drv/linux/memobj-r0drv-linux.o] Error 1
scripts/Makefile.build:567: recipe for target '/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv' failed
make[1]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build/vboxdrv] Error 2
Makefile:1524: recipe for target '_module_/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build' failed
make: *** [_module_/var/lib/dkms/virtualbox/5.0.32/build] Error 2
make: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.10.0-14-generic'</code>
Does anyone know how to solve this?
Thanks a lot!
|
Solved the issue by moving the virtual machine files to a safe location (in order to protect the virtual machines) and then uninstalling completely all virtualbox related packages. Then I downloaded the deb package from oracle's website and installed it.
| dpkg-reconfigure virtualbox-dkms failure |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I am looking and using a github repo. which has a debian directory and debian/rules file which can be used to build the package/tool into a debian package. Using lintian I was able to get some warnings which upstream would probably fix in sometime.
I heard some cool things about check-all-the-things and while it has more than a handful of dependencies I was able to install it. But while using lintian on a debian package is easy with
$lintian somedebianpackage.deb
check-all-the-things doesn't have any clear instructions. Even the manpage is somewhat confusing. I do understand that some flags are dangerous, but is there a way to run all the tests on a debian package to try some QA ?
|
Just run it in the package source folder:
check-all-the-things
You'll probably want to tee that to a log file, the output is very verbose. The defaults are safe enough...
| How to use check-all-the-things with a .deb package? |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I tried to install syncthing on Debian Jessie (i386 architecture) following these steps:
curl -s https://syncthing.net/release-key.txt | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.syncthing.net/ syncthing release" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/syncthing.list
sudo apt-get update
At this point, apt-get fails with the following message:
W: Failed to fetch http://apt.syncthing.net/dists/syncthing/InRelease Unable to find expected entry 'release/binary-arm64/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)
Now, I do have arm64 as a foreign architecture, and syncthing seems to miss packages for it. That shouldn't be a problem, since I only want to install syncthing on my host architecture, i386.
How can I proceed with the installation without removing arm64 from my foreign architectures?
|
You can specify the architecture for apt to use by modifying the source entry (adding [arch=architecture] or during installation (apt-get install package:architecture). For more information, please refer to Multiarch/HOWTO - Debian Wiki
Since you are having trouble at the apt update stage, it is probably best to try modifying the entry for syncthing in /etc/apt/sources.list to the following:
deb [arch=i386] http://apt.syncthing.net/ syncthing release
Then, retry the update.
| How to install a package from a repository which is missing some architectures? [duplicate] |
1,495,854,617,000 |
By "alternatives" I mean (for the most part; see exception below) the "roles" corresponding to the files under /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives.
These roles include
awk
desktop-background
editor
global-assembly-cache-tool
haskell-compiler
infobrowser
java
w
www-browser
x-window-manager
zsh
among many others.
The one exception I have in mind is the role display-manager (aka login-manager), which, AFAICT, is not represented under /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives, but I'm very much interested in.
Given one of these roles, let's call it foo, I want to know all the available1 packages that can play foo, or, said more precisely, that provide an executable that can play foo.
Of course, I want to know both the package and the path to the relevant executable, since the latter is not always obvious from the former; e.g. for the role x-window-manager, one such package is fluxbox, while the "relevant executable" is /usr/bin/startfluxbox, and not /usr/bin/fluxbox.
(At least for the roles under /var/lib/dpkg/alternatives, packages providing such roles must be packaged in such a way that the alternatives manager can properly recognize them; that's my understanding, anyway. If so, I'm hoping that there is some automatic way to identify all the packages that provide a particular role.)
1 Available, that is, through the sources specified in my /etc/apt/sources* config.
|
Virtual packages and the Debian alternatives system (which is where binaries come into play) are related but not the same. For packages, you can use apt-cache to find which (real) packages "provide" it:
$ apt-cache showpkg awk
Package: awk
Versions:
Reverse Depends:
base-files,awk
base-files,awk
Dependencies:
Provides:
Reverse Provides:
mawk:i386 1.3.3-17ubuntu2
gawk:i386 1:4.0.1+dfsg-2.1ubuntu2
original-awk 2012-12-20-1
mawk 1.3.3-17ubuntu2
gawk 1:4.0.1+dfsg-2.1ubuntu2
For display managers, the virtual package is x-display-manager:
$ apt-cache showpkg x-display-manager
Package: x-display-manager
Versions:
Reverse Depends:
utf8-migration-tool,x-display-manager
razorqt,x-display-manager
lxde,x-display-manager
numlockx,x-display-manager
ltsp-client-core,x-display-manager
Dependencies:
Provides:
Reverse Provides:
gdm 3.10.0.1-0ubuntu3.1
lightdm 1.10.6-0ubuntu1
kdm 4:4.11.11-0ubuntu0.2
xdm 1:1.1.11-1ubuntu1
wdm 1.28-16
slim 1.3.4-2.1
lxdm 0.4.1-0ubuntu6
kdm 4:4.11.8-0ubuntu6
gdm 3.10.0.1-0ubuntu3
lightdm 1.10.0-0ubuntu3
| How to find all the available packages (and executables) that can fulfill an "alternative"? [duplicate] |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I downloaded the Linux beta .deb package of Unity3D from the official place with the official links. (I'm too lazy to recover the link and include it; it doesn't really matter anyways.)
I ran sudo dpkg -i unity3d.deb, and the package installed.
I don't want Unity, and now neither which nor sudo locate unity3d return anything.
I'm aware U3D is closed source; are its installation files masked or hidden? I can't find anything about this.
$ sudo dpkg --remove unity3d
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove unity3d which isn't installed
|
It seems that the package either isn't installed, or it's name is different than you expect. You can use --info option on .deb file to check proper name:
dpkg --info unity3d.deb
If you're concerned about contents and their locations, OSS or not, typically you can check them with --contents option:
dpkg --contents unity3d.deb
Unity package doesn't need source code to work, so there's no reason to hide anything.
Last thing: your which isn't working, because it can't find the exact filename you provide it in your PATH; it isn't a tool like locate, which does partial matches. As for locate itself - it has a database for lookups, and this database requires updates. There might be a chance that you didn't force update, and it didn't happen anywhere after your installation spontaneously - you can run it with sudo updatedb, or sudo -b updatedb if you prefer running it in the background.
| Where did Unity3D just install? |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I have some debian packages not located in my default debian directory. I know I can find the information of packages located in my default debian directory as follows:
dpkg-query -W package-name
Is there a way to find the details of a debian package not located in the default debian directory?
(I tried searching for a command line option on the dpkg-query and apt-cache man pages but no luck)
|
you can use :
dpkg --info package_name
it will give you details like Architecture,Dependencies ,Version etc.
for example
dpkg --info teamviewer_linux.deb
new debian package, version 2.0.
size 43331378 bytes: control archive=1478 bytes.
1015 bytes, 17 lines control
695 bytes, 40 lines * postinst #!/bin/bash
595 bytes, 42 lines * postrm #!/bin/bash
18 bytes, 3 lines * preinst #!/bin/bash
989 bytes, 45 lines * prerm #!/bin/bash
Package: teamviewer
Version: 10.0.35002
Section: non-free/internet
Priority: optional
Architecture: i386
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4), libgcc1, libasound2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libjpeg8 | libjpeg62, libpng12-0, libsm6, libxdamage1, libxext6, libxfixes3, libxrandr2, libxrender1, libxtst6, zlib1g
Recommends: ttf-liberation | fonts-liberation
Replaces: teamviewer5, teamviewer6, teamviewer7, teamviewer8, teamviewer9
Conflicts: teamviewer5, teamviewer6, teamviewer7, teamviewer8, teamviewer9
Installed-Size: 122640
Maintainer: Teamviewer GmbH <[email protected]>
Description: TeamViewer (Remote Control Application)
TeamViewer is a remote control application. TeamViewer provides easy, fast and secure remote access to Linux, Windows PCs, and Macs.
.
TeamViewer is free for personal use. You can use TeamViewer completely free of charge to access your private computers or to help your friends with their computer problems.
.
To buy a license for commercial use, please visit http://www.teamviewer.com
| Find Information about debian package located in a particular directory |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I'd like to backup the package list(dpkg) of some remote computers to a backup server: all of them running Debian. I already configured the rsa key to login remotely as root on the other computers without authentication. How can I run a command like "dpkg --get-selections > file" on the remote computers to save the package list, so my backup server can copy those files?
|
Put all your hostnames in a file, each on a separate line, then ...
for h in $(cat <file>); do ssh $h dpkg --get-selections >/tmp/$h.dpkg; done
| run remote command to save debian package list |
1,495,854,617,000 |
Whenever I try to install them through the Software Center it will remain at 0% for hours. I instead attempted to install the application I needed by compiling it from source. I needed the build-essential package and tried to install it with apt-get. Now, it tries to install a bunch of dependencies, along with dropbox-nautilus, which just hangs at 100% download for hours as well. Here's the full terminal output:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libunistring0:i386 libgomp1:i386 libcroco3:i386 libgettextpo0:i386
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
dpkg-dev fakeroot libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl
libalgorithm-merge-perl libdpkg-perl
Suggested packages:
debian-keyring
The following NEW packages will be installed:
build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libdpkg-perl
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 327 not upgraded.
6 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 818 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,169 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main libdpkg-perl all 1.16.1.2ubuntu7.6 [181 kB]
Get:2 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main dpkg-dev all 1.16.1.2ubuntu7.6 [468 kB]
Get:3 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main build-essential amd64 11.5ubuntu2.1 [5,816 B]
Get:4 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main fakeroot amd64 1.18.2-1 [87.2 kB]
Get:5 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libalgorithm-diff-perl all 1.19.02-2 [50.7 kB]
Get:6 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl amd64 0.04-2build2 [12.4 kB]
Get:7 http://ca.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libalgorithm-merge-perl all 0.08-2 [12.7 kB]
Fetched 818 kB in 5s (136 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libdpkg-perl.
(Reading database ... 234719 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libdpkg-perl (from .../libdpkg-perl_1.16.1.2ubuntu7.6_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dpkg-dev.
Unpacking dpkg-dev (from .../dpkg-dev_1.16.1.2ubuntu7.6_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package build-essential.
Unpacking build-essential (from .../build-essential_11.5ubuntu2.1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package fakeroot.
Unpacking fakeroot (from .../fakeroot_1.18.2-1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libalgorithm-diff-perl.
Unpacking libalgorithm-diff-perl (from .../libalgorithm-diff-perl_1.19.02-2_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl.
Unpacking libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl (from .../libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl_0.04-2build2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libalgorithm-merge-perl.
Unpacking libalgorithm-merge-perl (from .../libalgorithm-merge-perl_0.08-2_all.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up gdebi-core (0.8.5build1) ...
Setting up libcairo-perl (1.081-1build2) ...
Setting up libglib-perl (2:1.241-1) ...
Setting up libpango-perl (1.222-1build1) ...
Setting up libgtk2-perl (2:1.223-1build3) ...
Setting up nautilus-dropbox (0.7.1-2) ...
Dropbox is the easiest way to share and store your files online. Want to learn more? Head to http://www.dropbox.com/
Downloading Dropbox... 100%
What is going on here? And how can I fix it? apt-get is completely unusable at the moment.
|
It doesn't.
sudo apt-get install build-essential
The following NEW packages will be installed:
build-essential dpkg-dev fakeroot libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libdpkg-perl
There isn't nautilus-dropbox package in the list. Your problem is seen later:
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 327 not upgraded.
6 not fully installed or removed.
You have half-installed or unconfigured packages, which I presume is why Software Center also becomes unresponsive.
The only way to resolve all these issues is to complete the configuration of those packages:
sudo dpkg --configure -a
Which should complete the installation of nautilus-dropbox and any other package. Then install build-essentials per usual and it should work.
If for some motive you don't want to install one of the packages being configured, ie. nautilus-dropbox, you can remove them outright:
sudo dpkg --remove nautilus-dropbox
| build-essential tries to install unrelated package nautilus-dropbox |
1,495,854,617,000 |
Yesterday I attempted to upgrade my installation of the Textadept editor in my Linux Mint 13 ("Maya") LTS Xfce 32-bit system (based on Ubuntu 12.04 Precise). I get this via the WebUpd8 PPA, and have done for some time (this is pretty routine).
However, I must have got a corrupted download (see various error code/log entries), and the upgrade failed. In fact, the Textadept install disappeared from my system. (It lives in /opt/textadept, and this vanished. The icon was still present on my dock bar, but gone from the system menu.)
After trying various "fixes" (like apt-get purge, and starting over) all with the same results -- the system thinking I have a corrupt download -- I simply downloaded the textadept_LATEST.i386.tgz file from Foicica.com, and bunged it into /opt/textadept myself. Works just fine!
Except -- apt (?) still thinks I have a corrupt download pending, and keeps giving the same error message:
...
Setting up textadept (7.8-1~webupd8~1) ...
Downloading...
--2015-02-04 19:53:00-- http://foicica.com/textadept/download/textadept_7.8.i386.tgz
Resolving foicica.com (foicica.com)... 97.107.131.154, 2600:3c03::f03c:91ff:fedf:511e
Connecting to foicica.com (foicica.com)|97.107.131.154|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
The file is already fully retrieved; nothing to do.
Download done.
Removing outdated cached downloads...
sha256sum mismatch textadept_7.8.i386.tgz
TextAdept is NOT installed.
dpkg: error processing textadept (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Setting up libmagic1 (5.09-2ubuntu0.6) ...
Setting up file (5.09-2ubuntu0.6) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Errors were encountered while processing:
textadept
How do I tell the system to forget about this particular upgrade? or clean up after this glitch properly?
|
Actually, is dpkg which thinks (rightly so) that your package isn't correctly installed, because the configuration was never done in first place (which is why it says "half-configured"). You must check your /var/cache/textadept directory (as stated in .postinst script), find and delete the package, so it downloads it correctly and it gets installed using dpkg. The package is badly done, which is why you have these kind of problems, for which I recommend using the manual method instead.
In summary:
sudo rm -r /var/cache/textadept
sudo dpkg --configure -a
That should allow dpkg to configure the package. Now, you need to decide, if you want to use the repository supplied package or remove/purge it so you can manually manage it.
| dpkg still thinks corrupted upgrade of Textadept pending - how to clean up? |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I wanted to install bluefish editor but I got this error. This is not the first error I got involving packages. I installed Linux Mint 17 two days ago and every time after a reboot there is some kind of problem with packages. Anyone have an idea?
user@username ~ $ sudo apt-get install bluefish
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
bluefish-data bluefish-plugins
Suggested packages:
bluefish-dbg libxml2-utils tidy weblint-perl weblint
The following NEW packages will be installed:
bluefish bluefish-data bluefish-plugins
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/2 548 kB of archives.
After this operation, 9 484 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)
additional info:
sudo apt-get upgrade
as well as
sudo apt-get -f install
run with no error
Edits:
sudo dpkg -C does nothing
user@username ~ $ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6 161G 14G 140G 9% /
none 4,0K 0 4,0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev 2,0G 4,0K 2,0G 1% /dev
tmpfs 396M 1,4M 394M 1% /run
none 5,0M 0 5,0M 0% /run/lock
none 2,0G 1,7M 2,0G 1% /run/shm
none 100M 20K 100M 1% /run/user
/dev/sda5 168G 67G 102G 40% /mnt/DATA
user@username ~ $ sudo apt-get -fv install bluefish
apt 1.0.1ubuntu2 for amd64 compiled on Oct 8 2014 12:36:19
Supported modules:
*Ver: Standard .deb
*Pkg: Debian dpkg interface (Priority 30)
Pkg: Debian APT solver interface (Priority -1000)
S.L: 'deb' Standard Debian binary tree
S.L: 'deb-src' Standard Debian source tree
Idx: Debian Source Index
Idx: Debian Package Index
Idx: Debian Translation Index
Idx: Debian dpkg status file
Idx: EDSP scenario file
|
I suggested (in comments)
Can you download the bluefish-data binary deb package via apt-get download or aptitude download or just from a Debian web page and try installing it with dpkg -i?
The poster replied:
dpkg -i bluefish
gave me this error
dpkg: error: reading package info file
'/var/lib/dpkg/available': Input/output error
This suggests that the problem is almost certainly hardware related.
"Input/output error" is not a software error.
There is a problem with either the hard disk or the memory.
| E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2) |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I've just made a debian package, when all the files are zipped together the size is 60 MB, however my .deb file made from the same directory is ~150 MB. Have I done something wrong or are there lots of overheads involved with .deb files, and if so would it be possible to get a brief run-down of what is added to the raw files?
|
A .deb file is an ar archive with typically those files:
$ ar tv apache2_2.4.6-2_amd64.deb
rw-r--r-- 0/0 4 Jul 23 12:51 2013 debian-binary
rw-r--r-- 0/0 7422 Jul 23 12:51 2013 control.tar.gz
rw-r--r-- 0/0 179960 Jul 23 12:51 2013 data.tar.xz
(the used compression can be gz, bz2 or xz).
The ar archive is not compressed itself, only the components are.
Only data.tar.xxx should be significantly large as it contains the actual files that make up the package.
You can check the content with:
$ ar p apache2_2.4.6-2_amd64.deb data.tar.xz | tar --xz -tvf - | head
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-07-23 12:50 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-07-23 12:47 ./var/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-07-23 12:47 ./var/cache/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-07-23 12:47 ./var/cache/apache2/
drwxr-xr-x www-data/www-data 0 2013-07-23 12:47 ./var/cache/apache2/mod_cache_disk/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2013-07-23 12:47 ./var/www/
[...]
| Debian package very large compared to zip file |
1,495,854,617,000 |
after attempting sudo apt upgrade on a fresh install of parrot os, new kernel update is present but trying to boot into it from grub gives gives me a kernel panic.
here is what i tried and with what errors ive been getting:
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
apache2 linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 linux-headers-amd64
linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 linux-image-amd64
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
Setting up linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (6.5.13-1parrot1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
'make' -j8 KVER=6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 KSRC=/lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build........(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/realtek-rtl8188eus/5.3.9~git20230101.f8ead57/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
Failed to process /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.postinst line 11.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (--configure):
installed linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-amd64:
linux-headers-amd64 depends on linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (= 6.5.13-1parrot1); however:
Package linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (6.5.13-1parrot1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
'make' -j8 KVER=6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 KSRC=/lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build.........(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/realtek-rtl8188eus/5.3.9~git20230101.f8ead57/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (--configure):
installed linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Setting up apache2 (2.4.57-2) ...
info: Switch to mpm prefork for package libapache2-mod-php8.2: No action required
info: Executing deferred 'a2enmod php8.2' for package libapache2-mod-php8.2
Can't locate if.pm in @INC (you may need to install the if module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.36.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.36.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.36 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.36 /usr/share/perl/5.36 /usr/local/lib/site_perl) at /usr/sbin/a2enmod line 15.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/sbin/a2enmod line 15.
dpkg: error processing package apache2 (--configure):
installed apache2 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-amd64:
linux-image-amd64 depends on linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (= 6.5.13-1parrot1); however:
Package linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
linux-headers-amd64
linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
apache2
linux-image-amd64
Scanning application launchers
Removing duplicate launchers or broken launchers
Launchers are updated
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Setting up linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (6.5.13-1parrot1) ...
/etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.
/usr/sbin/dkms: line 2497: echo: write error: Broken pipe
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
'make' -j8 KVER=6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 KSRC=/lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build.........(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/realtek-rtl8188eus/5.3.9~git20230101.f8ead57/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
Failed to process /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.postinst line 11.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (--configure):
installed linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-amd64:
linux-headers-amd64 depends on linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (= 6.5.13-1parrot1); however:
Package linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (6.5.13-1parrot1) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms:
dkms: running auto installation service for kernel 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64.
/usr/sbin/dkms: line 2497: echo: write error: Broken pipe
Sign command: /lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build/scripts/sign-file
Signing key: /var/lib/dkms/mok.key
Public certificate (MOK): /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Building module:
Cleaning build area...
'make' -j8 KVER=6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 KSRC=/lib/modules/6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64/build........(bad exit status: 2)
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/realtek-rtl8188eus/5.3.9~git20230101.f8ead57/build/make.log for more information.
Error! One or more modules failed to install during autoinstall.
Refer to previous errors for more information.
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms exited with return code 11
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (--configure):
installed linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Setting up apache2 (2.4.57-2) ...
info: Switch to mpm prefork for package libapache2-mod-php8.2: No action required
info: Executing deferred 'a2enmod php8.2' for package libapache2-mod-php8.2
Can't locate if.pm in @INC (you may need to install the if module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.36.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.36.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.36 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.36 /usr/share/perl/5.36 /usr/local/lib/site_perl) at /usr/sbin/a2enmod line 15.
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/sbin/a2enmod line 15.
dpkg: error processing package apache2 (--configure):
installed apache2 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-amd64:
linux-image-amd64 depends on linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 (= 6.5.13-1parrot1); however:
Package linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
linux-headers-amd64
linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
apache2
linux-image-amd64
im sure the error lies in the last lines:
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-headers-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
linux-headers-amd64
linux-image-6.5.0-13parrot1-amd64
apache2
linux-image-amd64
i dont know what to do from here, sudo dpkg --configure -a & sudo apt --fix-broken install all result in the same issue, might be a configuration problem.
if you need any extra information let me know and thanks for your time
|
Non-configured linux-image and linux-headers are solved by:
Booting the previous kernel
Removing dkms
Upgrading the kernel
Reinstalling dkms
Building the rtl8188eus
To solve the following error:
dpkg: error processing package apache2 (--configure):
installed apache2 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
Run the following commands:
sudo apt clean
sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/apache2 /tmp/
sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq apache2
To solve :
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/*
Here is a detailed answer on U&L.
| kernel panic after after parrotOS upgrade |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I'm using Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS and when I use dpkg -l command, the result contains the following entries:
ii gcc 4:7.4.0-1ubu amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-7 7.5.0-3ubunt amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-7-base:amd 7.5.0-3ubunt amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection
ii gcc-8-base:amd 8.4.0-1ubunt amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection
I was wondering what is the version of gcc when gcc-7 is present.
|
There are a number of toolchain packages, including the gcc suite, python and the llvm suite in Debian/Ubuntu for which multiple versions are packaged at once under different package names.
This is done for various reasons including.
It provides an "escape hatch" of temporarily reverting builds of a package to a previous version if the new version causes build failures. This sort of thing is particularly helpful for compilers that need themselves to build.
It allows new versions to be tested and/or used by early adopter packages before switching the default for the whole distribution.
It allows different language frontends and/or different architectures to switch versions at different times.
There is a "defaults" source package (gcc-defaults for gcc) which builds packages that do not have the version number as part of their name. These packages are used by the distribution to set the default version of the tool.
So the gcc-7 package contains gcc version 7.x. The gcc package depends on and contains a symlink to the major version of gcc that is the "default" for that particular release.
gcc-<version>-base contains a few files that are shared by all packages built from the gcc source package. In particular this includes libstdc++6.
libstdc++6 does not use the "defaults" system and comes from the most recent gcc-x source package in the release. Even if that release of gcc has not been made the default.
It looks like 18.04 has gcc 7 as the default gcc version but has libstdc++ from gcc-8, hence why both gcc-7-base and gcc-8-base are installed.
Unfortunately 18.04 has now been removed from packages.ubuntu.com, but the wayback machine has copies of the pages in question showing that the default gcc is version 7 but libstdc++6 comes from the gcc-8 source package.
http://web.archive.org/web/20230208173902/https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/gcc
http://web.archive.org/web/20220809174431/https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/libstdc%2B%2B6
| Differences between gcc and gcc-X |
1,495,854,617,000 |
I am blind to Linux, and I'm sorry if my question is too silly.
So I have access to a Linux server but cannot install any sudo packages as I have no administration right. Thus, I thought I could install sudo dpkg locally and install whatever package I need afterwards. I have seen a few discussions here but could not get the flow. Would be great if someone put some command line code here so that I and others could use it.
Thank you for your help!
Best,
ADR
|
You can't do it the way you describe.
See this thread for learn more: How to install program locally without sudo privileges?
| How to install locally all sudo packages in my home directory? [duplicate] |
1,495,854,617,000 |
First, to clarify the terminology:
dependency <-> reverse dependency/dependent
I have xvt installed on my headless RPI, and I can't figure out the reason why it's not getting autoremoved.
$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
$ apt show xvt Package: xvt Version: 2.1-20.3
Priority: optional
Section: x11
Maintainer: Sam Hocevar (Debian packages) <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 85.0 kB
Provides: x-terminal-emulator
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.4), libx11-6
Suggests: menu
Conflicts: suidmanager (<< 0.50)
Download-Size: 36.3 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: no
APT-Sources: http://raspbian.raspberrypi.org/raspbian bullseye/main armhf Packages
Description: ...
$ apt-cache rdepends --installed xvt
xvt
Reverse Depends:
These don't list xvt
$ dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Essential}\n' | grep yes
$ dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}\n' | grep -E "important"
$ dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}\n' | grep -E "required"
$ apt-config dump | grep '^APT::NeverAutoRemove::'
$ apt-mark showmanual
bullseye-default
equivs
pihole-deps
smbclient
transmission-daemon
wireguard-tools
$ apt-mark showhold
(I don't love debian's way of using lists and fields besides explicit dependencies, I find it obscure. Hence why I created a bullseye-default metapackage.)
What other mechanism could keep this package from being removed?
Getting back to the question posed, how would I find other secretly redundant packages like xvt in this example?
Requested commands
$ dpkg -l xvt
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=====================================>
ii xvt 2.1-20.3 armhf X terminal-emulator similar to xterm,
|
Your apt-cache rdepends output suggests that nothing is keeping your xvt package installed, which is odd given your autoremove behaviour.
In general, to figure out why a given package is being kept, the best tool is aptitude why:
aptitude why xvt
(you may need to install aptitude first).
To list all the packages that don’t have a manually-installed package in their reverse dependencies, run apt autoremove in simulation mode, ignoring recommended and suggested packages:
sudo apt autoremove -s -o Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant=0 -o Apt::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=0
Note that by default, autoremove is imbalanced: recommended packages are installed by default, not suggested packages; but suggestions prevent autoremoval. See How do recommends and suggests interact with apt-get dist-upgrade and apt-get autoremove? for details.
| How to list packages with no manually installed packages in the dependent tree? |
1,644,626,522,000 |
I created a .deb package with fpm. The package is very simple as it simply runs a docker-compose over this docker-compose.yml file.
The package is composed of 3 files:
.
├── diagnosticator
├── diagnosticator.1
└── docker-compose.yml
The permissions on diagnosticator are as follows:
-rw-rw-r-- 1 enrico enrico 554 feb 12 21:23 diagnosticator
Here is my diagnosticator script, that simply needs to run the docker-compose.yml:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# == diagnosticator 0.1.0 ==
#
DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=/usr/lib/diagnosticator/docker-compose.yml
if [ -s $DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE ]; then
docker-compose pull && docker-compose up
else
echo ' !!! ERROR !!!'
echo ' ---> missing docker-compose.yml <--- '
fi
exit 0
and here the fpm command used to build it:
fpm \
-s dir -t deb \
--deb-use-file-permissions \
-p diagnosticator-0.1.0-1-any.deb \
--name diagnosticator \
--license agpl3 \
--version 0.1.0 \
--architecture all \
--depends bash \
--description "Diagnosticator local app" \
--url "https://diagnosticator.com" \
--maintainer "Enrico Cocchi" \
diagnosticator=/usr/bin/diagnosticator diagnosticator.1=/usr/share/man/man1/diagnosticator.1 docker-compose.yml=/usr/lib/diagnosticator/docker-compose.yml
When I sudo dpkg -i diagnosticator-0.1.0-1-any.deb everything works fine and files get placed where they should, but if I try to run it (with and without sudo):
$ diagnosticator
bash: /usr/bin/diagnosticator: Permission denied
$ sudo diagnosticator
sudo: diagnosticator: command not found
I'd like users to be able to run it without sudo. I tried to google and search here for any solutions but I could not find any. Does anybody know what am I doing wrong here?
|
Your diagnosticator script needs to be executable: run
chmod 755 diagnosticator
and build your package again.
| run .deb package created by fpm |
1,644,626,522,000 |
I try to cleanup a Debian system on which several packages are installed after multiple Debian upgrades, which belongs to different Debian versions.
I.e. on a Debian Bullseye system, there are:
libsodium18 (Stretch only)
libsodium23 (Buster and Bullseye)
installed (libsodium).
Now, I do not need libsodium18 and want to remove it.
How can I automatically remove such packages, which do not exist anymore on the current installed Debian (Bullseye) system?
|
You can do this with aptitude, which supports searching for “obsolete” packages (i.e. packages which aren’t available from the configured repositories).
aptitude search '~o'
will list all such packages, and
sudo aptitude purge '~o'
will purge them (after telling you what it’s about to do and asking for confirmation).
If you don’t have aptitude, you’ll need to install it first:
sudo apt install aptitude
| How to remove Debian packages which does not belong to current Debian version repository |
1,644,626,522,000 |
I have tried (what a fool!) to install a newer version of glibc on Debian Stretch using dpkg and armhf .pkg files.
After a candid
sudo dpkg -i libc6_2.28-10_armhf.deb
sudo dpkg -i libssl1.1_1.1.1d-0+deb10u7_armhf.deb
I got a failed installation because of dependencies not met, and this must have lead to an inconsistent state of my system.
The two problems I have right now:
In python, if I import ssl I get:
ImportError: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.25' not found (required by /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypto.so.1.1)
Also apt-get install is not working any more. For example sudo apt-get install gawk complains
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.1 (= 1.1.0l-1~deb9u4) but 1.1.1d-0+deb10u7 is to be installed
libssl1.1 : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.24-11+deb9u4 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
I have tried sudo apt --fix-broken install but no luck, still stuck in unmet dependencies and breaks.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.1 (= 1.1.0l-1~deb9u4) but 1.1.1d-0+deb10u7 is installed
libssl1.1 : Depends: libc6 (>= 2.28) but 2.24-11+deb9u4 is installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies
This mention of held packages made me try
sudo dpkg --remove --pending but this did not give any output nor did change anything of the above tangle of vetoes.
|
To fix this, you can downgrade:
sudo apt install libc6/stretch libssl1.1/stretch
Alternatively you could figure out what the missing dependencies are, but you might as well upgrade to Debian 10 entirely if you want to go down that route.
| Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages |
1,644,626,522,000 |
I am unable to run anything using apt or dpkg anymore. For instance,
$ sudo apt install sl
apt: error while loading shared libraries: libzstd.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
I tried to install libzstd manually the following way:
$ wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libz/libzstd/libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
dpkg-deb: error while loading shared libraries: libzstd.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing archive libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb (--install):
dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
This happened after I uninstalled a package from a private repository (quicksilver-rocksdb) which had some dependency conflict with libzstd. I am attaching the relevant sections of my /var/log/apt/term.log here as suggested here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1764858 that occurred on running sudo apt remove quicksilver-rocksdb.
Log started: 2021-01-21 15:18:07
Selecting previously unselected package libllvm11:amd64.^M
(Reading database ... ^M(Reading database ... 5%^M(Reading database ... 10%^M(Reading database ... 15%^M(Reading database ... 20%^M(Reading database ... 25%^M(Reading database ... 30%^M(Reading database ... 35%^M(Reading database ... 40%^M(Reading database ... 45%^M(Reading database ... 50%^M(Reading database ... 55%^M(Reading database ... 60%^M(Reading database ... 65%^M(Reading database ... 70%^M(Reading database ... 75%^M(Reading database ... 80%^M(Reading database ... 85%^M(Reading database ... 90%^M(Reading database ... 95%^M(Reading database ... 100%^M(Reading database ... 274377 files and directories currently installed.)^M
Preparing to unpack .../0-libllvm11_1%3a11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libllvm11:amd64 (1:11.0.0-2~ubuntu20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../1-mesa-vulkan-drivers_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../2-libxatracker2_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libxatracker2:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../3-libgbm1_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libgbm1:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../4-libegl-mesa0_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libegl-mesa0:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../5-libglx-mesa0_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libglx-mesa0:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../6-libglapi-mesa_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libglapi-mesa:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../7-libgl1-mesa-dri_20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (20.2.6-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) over (20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) ...^M
Preparing to unpack .../8-libapt-pkg6.0_2.0.4_amd64.deb ...^M
Unpacking libapt-pkg6.0:amd64 (2.0.4) over (2.0.2ubuntu0.2) ...^M
Setting up libapt-pkg6.0:amd64 (2.0.4) ...^M
^[[1mdpkg:^[[0m quicksilver-rocksdb: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:^M
squashfs-tools depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libxatracker2:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libwireshark13:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libtiff5:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libsereal-encoder-perl depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libsereal-decoder-perl depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libboost-iostreams1.71.0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libarchive13:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
libapt-pkg6.0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
dpkg depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:^M
Package libzstd1 is not installed.^M
Package quicksilver-rocksdb which provides libzstd1 is to be removed.^M
^M
^M
(Reading database ... ^M(Reading database ... 5%^M(Reading database ... 10%^M(Reading database ... 15%^M(Reading database ... 20%^M(Reading database ... 25%^M(Reading database ... 30%^M(Reading database ... 35%^M(Reading database ... 40%^M(Reading database ... 45%^M(Reading database ... 50%^M(Reading database ... 55%^M(Reading database ... 60%^M(Reading database ... 65%^M(Reading database ... 70%^M(Reading database ... 75%^M(Reading database ... 80%^M(Reading database ... 85%^M(Reading database ... 90%^M(Reading database ... 95%^M(Reading database ... 100%^M(Reading database ... 274386 files and directories currently installed.)^M
Removing quicksilver-rocksdb (6.6.4-cloudflare.3-1) ...^M
^[[1mdpkg:^[[0m ^[[1;33mwarning:^[[0m while removing quicksilver-rocksdb, directory '/usr/local/share/man/man1' not empty so not removed^M
^[[1mdpkg:^[[0m ^[[1;33mwarning:^[[0m while removing quicksilver-rocksdb, directory '/usr/local/lib' not empty so not removed^M
dpkg-deb: error while loading shared libraries: libzstd.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory^M
^[[1mdpkg:^[[0m error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libzstd1_1.4.4+dfsg-3_amd64.deb (--unpack):^M
dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 127^M
Errors were encountered while processing:^M
/var/cache/apt/archives/libzstd1_1.4.4+dfsg-3_amd64.deb^M
Log ended: 2021-01-21 15:18:11
Furthermore, I removed libzstd1_1.4.4+dfsg-3_amd64.deb from /var/cache/apt/archives/ which was mentioned here error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libzstd1_1.4.4+dfsg-3_amd64.deb (--unpack): in order to be able to perform a reinstall of libzstd1 using dpkg -i but I still did not succeed in doing so with the same error as mentioned at the beginning ie:
$ sudo dpkg -i libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
dpkg-deb: error while loading shared libraries: libzstd.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing archive libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb (--install):
dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
libzstd1_1.4.8+dfsg-1_amd64.deb
One answer to a similar question was to run the following:
$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64:
mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:
Package libzstd1 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64:
libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:
Package libzstd1 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libxatracker2:amd64:
libxatracker2:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:
Package libzstd1 is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package libxatracker2:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglx-mesa0:amd64:
libglx-mesa0:amd64 depends on libgl1-mesa-dri; however:
Package libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package libglx-mesa0:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
mesa-vulkan-drivers:amd64
libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64
libxatracker2:amd64
libglx-mesa0:amd64
followed by
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
apt: error while loading shared libraries: libzstd.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
but that clearly didn't work either.
|
I solved it by copying over /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzstd.so.1.4.4 installed on a different machine running my version of Ubuntu, and creating a symlinked file libzstd.so.1 to libzstd.so.1.4.4 in the same directory /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/.
| libzstd was removed, now dpkg or apt no longer work |
1,644,626,522,000 |
also i have tried apt autoremove but can't remove the older packages i keep getting dependency errors
the commands i tried are:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall grub
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt autoremove
but same error again
Also when i run dpkg --configure -a i get this error
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-amd64:
linux-image-amd64 depends on linux-image-5.6.0-kali1-amd64 (= 5.6.7-1kali1); however:
Package linux-image-5.6.0-kali1-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-amd64
the output of ls -l /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools is:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Feb 6 2019 /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools
The root file system is not full it has 33.8 GB space left. I am using kali-linux (persistent) using usb.
|
So, finally I solved this problem I found that while upgrading my kali machine It had an unfortunate shutdown which led to some missing files In linux-image 5.5.0 and caused the config problem. I simply removed all the info of Linux-image -5.5.0 from Dpkg and on tried apt-get update and apt autoremove and it solved this issue.
| I am facing problem installing linux-image-amd64 i just upgraded my kali linux machine to 2020.2 |
1,644,626,522,000 |
For reasons regarding the other question I asked on here I want to purge the package xserver-xorg-v from my Linux Mint from the root shell. I get the following Error: dpkg -P xserver-xorg-v dpkg: error: unable to access dpkg status area: Read-only file system
What is a command to find out which file system this is on and make that file system not read-only/how do I purge this thing?
|
Deb packages are stored in /var/cache/apt/archives. Check there.
But if you're in recovery mode it's not surprising that the archive directory is read only. I saw your other question and just answered it. Don't bother purging packages when you just need to move your xorg.conf file to default back to using the open source driver for your video card.
To make the directory not read only you need only do this:
# mount -o remount rw /var/cache/apt/archives
But again, this is just for educational purposes only since I highly recommend you not be shooting fish in a barrel trying to purge packages with dpkg in recovery mode. Do it properly with the MINT package manager after you reboot with a video card. Or else you're just going to end up hosing your system even more since dpkg will only remove one package and won't bother with all the dependencies.
| Dpkg cant purge AMD-graphics package; read-only file system (Mint) |
1,644,626,522,000 |
Recently, I was trying to update vbox-ext-pack on Debian, and it got stuck. It showed the license agreement and did not continue.
I have looked at the solutions mentioned here, but none were satisfactory.
How can I continue the installation without killing dpkg?
|
Use htop, ps, or a similar tool to find the PID of the vboxmanage process which is a child of dpkg.
Run the following command to enter a y into the process' stdin:
echo "y" | sudo tee /proc/PID_OF_VBOXMANAGE/fd/0
This works because the 0th file descriptor represents the stdin for the process. The sudo tee is needed because the vboxmanage process is running as a child of dpkg, which is running as root.
The installation should continue with a message like: License accepted. For batch installation add
--accept-license=b674970f720eb020ad18926a9268607089cc1703908696d24a04aa870f34c8e8
to the VBoxManage command line..
This worked for me on Debian sid while updating to virtualbox-ext-pack (5.1.30-1) as of October 17, 2017.
| How can I continue a stuck update/install of virtualbox-ext-pack on Debian |
1,644,626,522,000 |
The Problem:
I have a raspberry pi that is running linux. The system date and time are incorrect. I want to install NTP on it so that I can fix the time. All the instructions I can find anywhere say to use 'apt_get' to install NTP. However it seem like I don't have apt installed on my pi since I get the message "apt-get" not found whenever I try to use it.
What I have done:
I have been trying to install apt with dpkg but have been unsuccessful. I found some instruction here saying that I could use
wget http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/a/apt/apt_0.9.7.7+rpi1_armhf.deb
to download a package for apt but I got a 404 error from the provided URL. I then when to http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/a/apt/ in my browser and tried downloading one of the available packages
Once I had a package I tried to install it using dpkg -i apt_1.4.6_armhf.deb but got the following error:
dpkg: error processing archive apt_1.4.6_armhf.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (armel)
Errors were encountered while processing:
apt_1.4.6_armhf.deb
Then I found another site (archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/a/apt/) that had packages that had 'armel' in the name instead of 'armhf' and dowloaded it and tried installing the new package using dpkg -i apt_0.7.20.2\+lenny2_armel.deb
The result was the following errors:
(Reading database ... 333 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack apt_0.7.20.2+lenny2_armel.deb ...
Unpacking apt (0.7.20.2+lenny2) over (0.7.20.2+lenny2) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of apt:
apt depends on libc6 (>= 2.7-1); however:
Package libc6 is not installed.
apt depends on libgcc1 (>= 1:4.3); however:
Package libgcc1 is not installed.
apt depends on libstdc++6 (>= 4.3); however:
Package libstdc++6 is not installed.
apt depends on debian-archive-keyring; however:
Package debian-archive-keyring is not installed.
dpkg: error processing package apt (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
apt
I don't know what to do now. Do I need to find a way to install all those missing libraries or does someone know a better way to get NTP installed?
|
As you stated at the top of your question (under background), you are actually trying to install NTP.
Your tutorials are most likely assuming you are using Ubuntu or other Debian-based distributions as it is the main Linux OS Set. Other comments also agree that you might be using the non-PIXEL desktop.
If you are using Redhat or CentOS, try using yum install [program].
If you are using Debian or OS based off Debian, use apt-get install [program], however, you do not seem to be on Debian
If you are using Fedora, use yum install [program].
If you are using OpenSUSE, use rpm -i [program].rpm.
If none of these work, download the .tar.gz package from here using wget [programlink], -> unpack -> ./configure -> make -> make install.
Source:
https://superuser.com/questions/125933
| How can I install NTP? [closed] |
1,644,626,522,000 |
I had issues with 1.2.x version of insync, so I googled for its website and I downloaded the deb file of the newest version for my 64 bit debian. dpkg couldn't install it, even setting the --force-all option, the output is
ale@debian:~/Scaricati$ sudo dpkg --force-all -i insync_1.3.12.36116-wheezy_amd64.deb
[sudo] password for ale:
(Reading database ... 342721 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack insync_1.3.12.36116-wheezy_amd64.deb ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 5, in <module>
zipimport.ZipImportError: not a Zip file: '/usr/lib/insync/library.zip'
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 5, in <module>
zipimport.ZipImportError: not a Zip file: '/usr/lib/insync/library.zip'
dpkg: error processing archive insync_1.3.12.36116-wheezy_amd64.deb (--install):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 5, in <module>
zipimport.ZipImportError: not a Zip file: '/usr/lib/insync/library.zip'
*** Error in `dpkg': munmap_chunk(): invalid pointer: 0x000055edcb3d9751 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x3d93a70bcb)[0x7f34a30b2bcb]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x3d93a76fa6)[0x7f34a30b8fa6]
dpkg(+0x20060)[0x55edc8b7c060]
dpkg(+0x204b9)[0x55edc8b7c4b9]
dpkg(+0x277fa)[0x55edc8b837fa]
dpkg(+0x16b07)[0x55edc8b72b07]
dpkg(+0x16ce5)[0x55edc8b72ce5]
dpkg(+0x16f2d)[0x55edc8b72f2d]
dpkg(+0xa297)[0x55edc8b66297]
dpkg(+0x1ff9b)[0x55edc8b7bf9b]
dpkg(+0x201a1)[0x55edc8b7c1a1]
dpkg(+0x9d22)[0x55edc8b65d22]
dpkg(+0x66a9)[0x55edc8b626a9]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf1)[0x7f34a30622b1]
dpkg(+0x67e9)[0x55edc8b627e9]
======= Memory map: ========
55edc8b5c000-55edc8ba0000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5505633 /usr/bin/dpkg
55edc8da0000-55edc8da3000 r--p 00044000 08:06 5505633 /usr/bin/dpkg
55edc8da3000-55edc8da4000 rw-p 00047000 08:06 5505633 /usr/bin/dpkg
55edc8da4000-55edc8fb8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
55edcac76000-55edceccb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
7f34a1bff000-7f34a1c15000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5637055 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f34a1c15000-7f34a1e14000 ---p 00016000 08:06 5637055 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f34a1e14000-7f34a1e15000 rw-p 00015000 08:06 5637055 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
7f34a1e15000-7f34a2170000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a2170000-7f34a217a000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5637413 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.24.so
7f34a217a000-7f34a237a000 ---p 0000a000 08:06 5637413 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.24.so
7f34a237a000-7f34a237b000 r--p 0000a000 08:06 5637413 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.24.so
7f34a237b000-7f34a237c000 rw-p 0000b000 08:06 5637413 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.24.so
7f34a237c000-7f34a2382000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a2382000-7f34a238d000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5637477 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.24.so
7f34a238d000-7f34a258c000 ---p 0000b000 08:06 5637477 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.24.so
7f34a258c000-7f34a258d000 r--p 0000a000 08:06 5637477 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.24.so
7f34a258d000-7f34a258e000 rw-p 0000b000 08:06 5637477 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.24.so
7f34a258e000-7f34a25a2000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5639731 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.24.so
7f34a25a2000-7f34a27a2000 ---p 00014000 08:06 5639731 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.24.so
7f34a27a2000-7f34a27a3000 r--p 00014000 08:06 5639731 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.24.so
7f34a27a3000-7f34a27a4000 rw-p 00015000 08:06 5639731 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.24.so
7f34a27a4000-7f34a27a6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a27a6000-7f34a27ad000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5637380 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.24.so
7f34a27ad000-7f34a29ac000 ---p 00007000 08:06 5637380 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.24.so
7f34a29ac000-7f34a29ad000 r--p 00006000 08:06 5637380 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.24.so
7f34a29ad000-7f34a29ae000 rw-p 00007000 08:06 5637380 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.24.so
7f34a29ae000-7f34a29c6000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636302 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.24.so
7f34a29c6000-7f34a2bc5000 ---p 00018000 08:06 5636302 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.24.so
7f34a2bc5000-7f34a2bc6000 r--p 00017000 08:06 5636302 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.24.so
7f34a2bc6000-7f34a2bc7000 rw-p 00018000 08:06 5636302 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.24.so
7f34a2bc7000-7f34a2bcb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a2bcb000-7f34a2bcd000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636507 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.24.so
7f34a2bcd000-7f34a2dcd000 ---p 00002000 08:06 5636507 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.24.so
7f34a2dcd000-7f34a2dce000 r--p 00002000 08:06 5636507 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.24.so
7f34a2dce000-7f34a2dcf000 rw-p 00003000 08:06 5636507 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl-2.24.so
7f34a2dcf000-7f34a2e41000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636499 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3
7f34a2e41000-7f34a3040000 ---p 00072000 08:06 5636499 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3
7f34a3040000-7f34a3041000 r--p 00071000 08:06 5636499 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3
7f34a3041000-7f34a3042000 rw-p 00072000 08:06 5636499 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3.13.3
7f34a3042000-7f34a31d7000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636270 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f34a31d7000-7f34a33d6000 ---p 00195000 08:06 5636270 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f34a33d6000-7f34a33da000 r--p 00194000 08:06 5636270 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f34a33da000-7f34a33dc000 rw-p 00198000 08:06 5636270 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.24.so
7f34a33dc000-7f34a33e0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a33e0000-7f34a3404000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636565 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f34a3404000-7f34a3603000 ---p 00024000 08:06 5636565 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f34a3603000-7f34a3604000 r--p 00023000 08:06 5636565 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f34a3604000-7f34a3605000 rw-p 00024000 08:06 5636565 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libselinux.so.1
7f34a3605000-7f34a3607000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a3607000-7f34a362a000 r-xp 00000000 08:06 5636259 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f34a3662000-7f34a37fb000 r--p 00000000 08:06 5505564 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
7f34a37fb000-7f34a37fd000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a3825000-7f34a3829000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7f34a3829000-7f34a382a000 r--p 00022000 08:06 5636259 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f34a382a000-7f34a382b000 rw-p 00023000 08:06 5636259 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.24.so
7f34a382b000-7f34a382c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
7fffe1f34000-7fffe1f55000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
7fffe1f9e000-7fffe1fa0000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 [vvar]
7fffe1fa0000-7fffe1fa2000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall]
Aborted
So I said "who cares about insync, nautilus has google drive integration", so I decided to uninstall insync but I couldn't. Now, magically, I cannot run anymore apt-get upgrade or aptitude upgrade, I get this error output:
Resolving dependencies...
The following partially installed packages will be configured:
insync
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
E: Can't find a source to download version '1.3.10.36104-wheezy' of 'insync:amd64'
After unpacking 0 B will be used.
E: Can't find a source to download version '1.3.10.36104-wheezy' of 'insync:amd64'
E: Internal error: couldn't generate list of packages to download
E: Perhaps the package lists are out of date, please try 'aptitude update' (or equivalent) first
This maybe because the insync repo is unaccessable (which is, for the record, this one).
What's more, I can't even open synaptic without getting this nice error:
An error occurred
the following details are prodived
E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.
E: _cache->open() failed, please report.
of course insync is the cause of all this:
ale@debian:~/Scaricati$ sudo dpkg --audit && echo ok
The following packages are in a mess due to serious problems during
installation. They must be reinstalled for them (and any packages
that depend on them) to function properly:
insync Google Drive sync and backup with multiple account suppor
What can I do, what can be done to solve this hideous situation and have my daily package upgrade back? Thank you all in advance.
|
I solved in another way I found online: I removed insync entry in
/var/lib/dpkg/status,
did
apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
again and everything started working fine back
| insync messed up apt and I can't do apt-get update/upgrade |
1,454,004,530,000 |
After trying to install an openvpn I've got this:
apt-get became broken - unable to install/purge anything. I've got 2 versions of python install 2.7.1 and 3 (wondering if this could cause the conflict).
EDIT: just to confirm /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ has apt_pkg.co, while neither python3 nor python3.2 has. May be there is a way to fix it.
|
After reading the logs and some thinking I've found the source of the problem. I was following this tutorial to setup a LAMP-server. What a "nice" idea from author to remove /usr/bin/python and create new link to Python3 sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python3!!
To bad this spoiled Package Management tool.
Solution:
Remove the link again
Create symlink to Python 2.7 back
Profit!
| /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) |
1,454,004,530,000 |
dpkg --list | grep [0-9]\-jre-headless
shows,
rc openjdk-7-jre-headless:amd64 7u79-2.5.6-0ubuntu1.14.04.1 amd64 OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
rc openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386 7u79-2.5.5-0ubuntu0.14.10.2 i386 OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
rc openjdk-8-jre-headless:amd64 8u40~b09-1 amd64 OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
ii openjdk-8-jre-headless:i386 8u40~b09-1 i386 OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
This clearly says, openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386 is installed in my ubuntu 14.04 machine.
However when i run, apt-get remove openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386, it says,
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386' is not installed, so not removed
Why does dpkg --list and apt-get remove, show contradictory messages for the same package?
|
dpkg shown right information, the rc flags in its output meaning openjdk-7-jre-headless:i386 was removed but its configuration files wasn't.
dpkg -l is actually front end for dpkg-query -l. You can read dpkg-query manual for more details.
| dpkg --list not in sync with apt-get |
1,454,004,530,000 |
On a clean install of Raspbian Jessie (Raspberry pi 2) an error occurs during the first attempt for upgrade:
Preparing to unpack .../python-rpi.gpio_0.6.1-1_armhf.deb ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 31, in <module>
from debpython import files as dpf
EOFError: EOF read where object expected
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pyclean", line 31, in <module>
from debpython import files as dpf
EOFError: EOF read where object expected
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python-rpi.gpio_0.6.1-1_armhf.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pycompile", line 37, in <module>
from debpython import files as dpf
EOFError: EOF read where object expected
dpkg: error while cleaning up:
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rpi.gpio_0.6.1-1_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rpi.gpio (0.6.1-1) over (0.6.0a3-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../raspi-config_20160108_all.deb ...
Unpacking raspi-config (20160108) over (20151117) ...
Preparing to unpack .../rc-gui_0.4-1_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking rc-gui (0.4-1) over (0.3-2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../sudo_1.8.10p3-1+deb8u3_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking sudo (1.8.10p3-1+deb8u3) over (1.8.10p3-1+deb8u2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../sonic-pi_1%3a2.9.0-1_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking sonic-pi (1:2.9.0-1) over (1:2.7.0-1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (215-17+deb8u2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.58) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-icon-theme (3.12.0-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/python-rpi.gpio_0.6.1-1_armhf.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
After reading this it seems the problem lies in python-rpi.gpio. The question how to overcome it. Most importantly because no other installs are now possible.
Common suggestions like apt-get clean or dpkg --configure -a unfortunately do not help.
ldconfig
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1.1.0 is not an ELF file - it has the wrong magic bytes at the start.
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libatomic.so.1 is not an ELF file - it has the wrong magic bytes at the start.
What can be done besides downgrading to Raspbian Wheezy?
|
The actual cause was a faulty SD card with incorrectly implemented delete functionality, where deleting during upgrade changed other files as well.
| "EOFError: EOF read where object expected" while installing python-rpi.gpio |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I'm using an HP laptop and am seeing these messages:
sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.142) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 (5.18.5-1kali6) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/glk_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cml_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/icl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/dg1_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/adlp_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/adlp_dmc_ver2_14.bin for module i915
raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it?
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 (--configure):
installed linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-amd64:
linux-image-amd64 depends on linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 (= 5.18.5-1kali6); however:
Package linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/glk_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cml_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/icl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/ehl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/dg1_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/tgl_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/adlp_guc_69.0.3.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/adlp_dmc_ver2_14.bin for module i915
raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it?
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
linux-image-amd64
initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
|
Since you’re not using a Raspberry Pi, you don’t need the raspi-firmware package; that’s what’s causing the errors. Run
sudo rm /etc/kernel/postinst.d/z50-raspi-firmware
sudo apt purge raspi-firmware
You need to purge the package, not just remove it, to ensure that the various z50-raspi-firmware scripts are removed too. The postinst script needs to be removed separately because it breaks on non-Raspberry Pi systems.
| dpkg: error processing package linux-image-amd64 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured |
1,454,004,530,000 |
Previously, I was getting this error when I merely tried to update. I believe this problem is related to the VLC PPA which has always been total and utter trash on Ubuntu. I had to actually remove a file that was under package control with rm in order to purge the *vlc* packages. Now, that I deleted that file, I was able to relatively easily delete the vlc packages. I figured this would take me back to the begining and I could again try to install, but when I do I get this error,
sudo apt-get install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc : Depends: vlc-plugin-video-output (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Now, a few things
I don't want to use Aptitude! That's not a solution, as was suggested here. I want to know what the problem is.
I don't have any marked packages. These commands return nothing.
dpkg --get-selections | grep hold
apt-mark showhold
I have nothing with vlc. This command returns nothing.
dpkg -l | grep -i vlc
Where can I go looking for what is causing this problem?
sudo apt-get -s -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Starting pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Starting 2 pkgProblemResolver with broken count: 1
Investigating (0) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Re-Instated vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (0) vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN Ib >
Broken vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 Breaks on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN > (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0
Holding Back vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 rather than change vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (1) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Re-Instated vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64
Investigating (1) vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN Ib >
Broken vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 Breaks on vlc-plugin-base:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uN > (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Considering vlc-plugin-base:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0
Holding Back vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 rather than change vlc-plugin-base:amd64
Investigating (2) vlc:amd64 < none -> 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un puN Ib >
Broken vlc:amd64 Depends on vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 < none | 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 @un uH > (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1)
Considering vlc-plugin-video-output:amd64 0 as a solution to vlc:amd64 9999
Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc : Depends: vlc-plugin-video-output (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
It was requested that I try apt-get -f install,
sudo apt-get install -f
[sudo] password for ecarroll:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Running a quick check with apt-cache policy as requested,
apt-cache policy vlc vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
vlc:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
vlc-plugin-video-output:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
vlc-plugin-base:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Version table:
3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/videolan/master-daily/ubuntu artful/main amd64 Packages
2.2.6-6 500
500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful/universe amd64 Packages
Running, sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
vlc-plugin-video-output : Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~) but 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
Running, apt-cache show vlc-plugin-video-output vlc-plugin-base
Package: vlc-plugin-video-output
Source: vlc
Priority: optional
Section: video
Installed-Size: 747
Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Replaces: vlc-plugin-base (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Depends: libaa1 (>= 1.4p5), libavcodec57 (>= 7:3.3.4) | libavcodec-extra57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavutil55 (>= 7:3.3.4), libc6 (>= 2.16), libcaca0 (>= 0.99.beta17-1), libegl1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libegl1-x11, libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libgles2-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libgles2, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva-wayland1 (>= 1.3.0), libva-x11-1 (>= 1.0.3), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvlccore9 (>= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1~), libwayland-client0 (>= 1.9.91), libwayland-egl1-mesa (>= 10.0.2) | libwayland-egl1, libx11-6, libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb-shm0, libxcb-xv0 (>= 1.2), libxcb1, vlc-plugin-abi-4-0-0
Enhances: vlc
Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Filename: pool/main/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-video-output_3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1_amd64.deb
Size: 187422
MD5sum: 0d25595004292437bbc298de8ce0ffdd
SHA1: 4be5a204b9aeedfc444e8520010fc3ac02363873
SHA256: fb8f64cb8ba1344e73e666c0621a974ccc313ffcbe8c38760765e40f9c0b637d
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains the video output plugins.
Description-md5: 304efe8a3dcaf595b6085adb45316c41
Multi-Arch: same
Package: vlc-plugin-video-output
Architecture: amd64
Version: 2.2.6-6
Multi-Arch: same
Priority: optional
Section: universe/video
Source: vlc
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 249
Depends: libvlccore8 (= 2.2.6-6), libaa1 (>= 1.4p5), libc6 (>= 2.14), libcaca0 (>= 0.99.beta17-1), libegl1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libegl1-x11, libgl1-mesa-glx | libgl1, libgles2-mesa (>= 7.8.1) | libgles2, libx11-6, libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb-shm0, libxcb-xv0 (>= 1.2), libxcb1
Enhances: vlc
Filename: pool/universe/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-video-output_2.2.6-6_amd64.deb
Size: 53992
MD5sum: b781e5a9bd6f9f513914f3bd5ab5e5f3
SHA1: 5e7a6a24e7ecb9c3944447303f7a276ec8dd592b
SHA256: e3e66e617cee1e9db3d26b37de8c26b4d8a55901eee3e16c6e1a94f1d37be988
Homepage: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (video output plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains the video output plugins.
Description-md5: 304efe8a3dcaf595b6085adb45316c41
Task: kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, edubuntu-desktop-gnome, lubuntu-qt-desktop, ubuntustudio-video, ubuntustudio-graphics, ubuntu-mate-desktop
Package: vlc-plugin-base
Source: vlc
Priority: optional
Section: video
Installed-Size: 10845
Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1
Recommends: xdg-utils
Replaces: vlc-plugin-zvbi (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Suggests: libdvdcss2
Depends: vlc-data (= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1), liba52-0.7.4, libarchive13 (>= 3.1.2), libaribb24-0 (>= 1.0.3), libasound2 (>= 1.0.27), libass9 (>= 1:0.13.6), libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libavc1394-0 (>= 0.5.3), libavcodec57 (>= 7:3.3.4) | libavcodec-extra57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavformat57 (>= 7:3.3.4), libavutil55 (>= 7:3.3.4), libbasicusageenvironment1, libbluray2 (>= 1:1.0.0), libc6 (>= 2.16), libcairo2 (>= 1.13.1), libcddb2, libchromaprint1 (>= 1.3.2), libcrystalhd3 (>= 1:0.0~git20110715.fdd2f19), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.9.14), libdc1394-22, libdca0 (>= 0.0.5), libdvbpsi10 (>= 1.3.0), libdvdnav4 (>= 5.0.3), libdvdread4 (>= 4.1.3), libebml4v5 (>= 1.3.4-2~), libfaad2 (>= 2.7), libflac8 (>= 1.3.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.11.94), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libfribidi0 (>= 0.19.2), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.4), libgcrypt20 (>= 1.7.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.28.0), libgnutls30 (>= 3.5.6), libgpg-error0 (>= 1.14), libgroupsock8, libharfbuzz0b (>= 0.9.4), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkate1 (>= 0.3.0), liblirc-client0, liblivemedia58, liblua5.2-0, libmad0 (>= 0.15.1b-3), libmatroska6v5 (>= 1.4.5), libmicrodns0 (>= 0.0.3), libmpcdec6 (>= 1:0.1~r435), libmpeg2-4 (>= 0.5.1), libmpg123-0 (>= 1.13.7), libmtp9 (>= 1.1.0), libncursesw5 (>= 6), libnfs8 (>= 1.9.7), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), libopenmpt-modplug1 (>= 0.2.7386~beta20.3), libopus0 (>= 1.1), libpng16-16 (>= 1.6.2-1), libpostproc54 (>= 7:3.3.4), libpulse0 (>= 0.99.4), libraw1394-11, libresid-builder0c2a, librsvg2-2 (>= 2.14.4), libsamplerate0 (>= 0.1.7), libsdl-image1.2 (>= 1.2.10), libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.11), libsecret-1-0 (>= 0.7), libshine3 (>= 3.1.0), libshout3, libsidplay2, libsndio6.1 (>= 1.1.0), libsoxr0 (>= 0.1.0), libspeex1 (>= 1.2~beta3-1), libspeexdsp1 (>= 1.2~beta3.2-1), libssh2-1 (>= 1.2.3), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libswscale4 (>= 7:3.3.4), libsystemd0, libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.2~), libtheora0 (>= 1.0), libtinfo5 (>= 6), libtwolame0 (>= 0.3.6), libudev1 (>= 183), libupnp6 (>= 1:1.6.19), libusageenvironment3, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvlccore9 (>= 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1~), libvorbis0a (>= 1.1.2), libvorbisenc2 (>= 1.1.2), libx264-148, libx265-130 (>= 2.5), libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb1, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libzvbi0 (>= 0.2.35), zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4), vlc-plugin-abi-4-0-0
Breaks: vlc-plugin-zvbi (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
Filename: pool/main/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-base_3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1_amd64.deb
Size: 2726256
MD5sum: 02cfa70575f76df46096e0f9df8dac74
SHA1: 0c45fa13a2c3473e27fdc32d5d4da7bdd0237907
SHA256: fcfc90a4c13a0c695bb342ca980087e1235cdf955173b18c23056615618a288a
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (base plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains most plugins which are shipped in more specialied plugin
packages.
Description-md5: 103cb021db8e172eaddc03ab0f07e203
Multi-Arch: same
Package: vlc-plugin-base
Architecture: amd64
Version: 2.2.6-6
Multi-Arch: same
Priority: optional
Section: universe/video
Source: vlc
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian Multimedia Maintainers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 27372
Depends: libvlccore8 (= 2.2.6-6), liba52-0.7.4, libasound2 (>= 1.0.27), libass9 (>= 1:0.13.6), libavahi-client3 (>= 0.6.16), libavahi-common3 (>= 0.6.16), libavc1394-0 (>= 0.5.3), libbasicusageenvironment1, libbluray2 (>= 1:0.5.0), libbz2-1.0, libc6 (>= 2.17), libcairo2 (>= 1.13.1), libcddb2, libcdio13 (>= 0.83), libchromaprint1 (>= 1.3.2), libcrystalhd3 (>= 1:0.0~git20110715.fdd2f19), libdbus-1-3 (>= 1.9.14), libdc1394-22, libdca0 (>= 0.0.5), libdvbpsi10 (>= 1.3.0), libdvdnav4 (>= 5.0.3), libdvdread4 (>= 4.1.3), libebml4v5 (>= 1.3.4-2~), libfaad2 (>= 2.7), libflac8 (>= 1.3.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.11.94), libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libfribidi0 (>= 0.19.2), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.4), libgcrypt20 (>= 1.7.0), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.12.0), libgme0 (>= 0.5.5), libgnutls30 (>= 3.5.6), libgpg-error0 (>= 1.14), libgroupsock8, libgsm1 (>= 1.0.13), libjpeg8 (>= 8c), libkate1 (>= 0.3.0), liblirc-client0, liblivemedia58, liblua5.2-0, liblzma5 (>= 5.1.1alpha+20120614), libmad0 (>= 0.15.1b-3), libmatroska6v5 (>= 1.4.5), libmp3lame0, libmpcdec6 (>= 1:0.1~r435), libmpeg2-4 (>= 0.5.1), libmtp9 (>= 1.1.0), libncursesw5 (>= 6), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), libopenmpt-modplug1 (>= 0.2.7386~beta20.3), libopus0 (>= 1.1), libpng16-16 (>= 1.6.2-1), libpulse0 (>= 0.99.4), libraw1394-11, libresid-builder0c2a, librsvg2-2 (>= 2.14.4), librtmp1 (>= 2.3), libsamplerate0 (>= 0.1.7), libsdl-image1.2 (>= 1.2.10), libsdl1.2debian (>= 1.2.11), libshine3 (>= 3.1.0), libshout3, libsidplay2, libsnappy1v5, libsndio6.1 (>= 1.1.0), libspeex1 (>= 1.2~beta3-1), libspeexdsp1 (>= 1.2~beta3.2-1), libssh-gcrypt-4 (>= 0.4.2), libssh2-1 (>= 1.2), libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libtag1v5 (>= 1.9.1-2.2~), libtheora0 (>= 1.0), libtinfo5 (>= 6), libtwolame0 (>= 0.3.10), libudev1 (>= 183), libupnp6 (>= 1:1.6.19), libusageenvironment3, libva-drm1 (>= 1.1.0), libva-x11-1 (>= 1.0.3), libva1 (>= 1.7.3), libvcdinfo0 (>= 0.7.21), libvorbis0a (>= 1.1.2), libvorbisenc2 (>= 1.1.2), libvpx4 (>= 1.6.0), libwavpack1 (>= 4.40.0), libwebp6 (>= 0.5.1), libwebpmux3 (>= 0.6.0-3), libx11-6, libx264-148, libx265-130 (>= 2.5), libxcb-keysyms1 (>= 0.4.0), libxcb1, libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libxvidcore4 (>= 1.2.2), libzvbi0 (>= 0.2.35), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.0.2), vlc-data (= 2.2.6-6)
Recommends: xdg-utils
Suggests: libdvdcss2
Filename: pool/universe/v/vlc/vlc-plugin-base_2.2.6-6_amd64.deb
Size: 7822760
MD5sum: 18b84f38bd2569d84b8ad409e0053267
SHA1: e3832d8afbeffc6d320ed42e5a0ad55a25701412
SHA256: e564b23d60b45de85576cb0add1fc31b21586f8c05f24323f148a3cf579951ed
Homepage: https://www.videolan.org/vlc/
Description-en: multimedia player and streamer (base plugins)
VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player. It plays MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4,
DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3, Ogg/Vorbis files, DVDs, VCDs,
podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network sources.
.
This package contains most plugins which are shipped in more specialied plugin
packages.
Description-md5: 103cb021db8e172eaddc03ab0f07e203
Task: kubuntu-desktop, kubuntu-full, edubuntu-desktop-gnome, lubuntu-qt-desktop, ubuntustudio-video, ubuntustudio-graphics, ubuntu-mate-desktop
|
The PPA is broken. It contains a version of vlc-plugin-video-output which
Breaks: vlc-plugin-base (<< 3.0.0~rc1~20171206-1~)
but the version of vlc-plugin-base in the repository has a lower version number (thanks to the extra ~ in 3.0.0~rc1~~git20171215+r73271+108~ubuntu17.10.1), so the packages can’t be installed!
There’s no easy fix, you’ll have to either wait for the PPA maintainers to fix things, or build VLC from source yourself (the package source is very easy to build).
| What is the root cause of "E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages." |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I am trying to install our product in a NoTouchOS - a Raspberry Pi thin client OS.
Given the fact it is a thin client, many libraries do not come out-of-the-box, such as apt, sudo...
I am trying to manually install apt (Raspberry PI OS is debian based), by manually downloading the .deb package and running dpkg -i (dpkg is present there), but I get
unable to clean up mess surrounding './usr/bin/apt' before installing another version: Read-only file system
As a matter of fact, I get the same error (on ./usr/bin/cvtsudoers) when trying to install sudo package, in the same manner.
How should this be tackled ?
Posts I could find on the topic mention mounting. How do I know if this is a mounting issue ?
|
NoTouch OS is not based on Raspberry Pi OS or any other Linux distribution, so even if it has dpkg, installing packages from some other distribution is unlikely to end well.
Anyway, NoTouch OS is designed to have an immutable base; that’s why you can’t write to /usr/bin:
NoTouch images are immutable and can not be modified after build, not even after installation.
Since NoTouch OS is designed as a VDI system, the general idea is to provide access to applications on a remote system, not to applications inside the NoTouch OS setup. It seems you can ship applications on NoTouch OS if you really want to, but only in /config or /tmp (in the latter case, downloading the application at startup). But Stratodesk would really prefer if you contracted them to do it for you (unsurprisingly).
Getting down to brass tacks, since your applications seems to require a number of packages other than its own, I suspect your best bet might be to debootstrap a chroot inside /config, or to manually copy all the files you need for your application inside /config, without relying on packages at all.
| Manually installing packages in thin read-only distributions |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I want to see all URLs that for packages that would be downloaded for apt install <pkg> without actually installing the package.
Normally, the URLs can be extracted from the screen output after installing the package (as above).
An example of a URL I want to list:
http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nmap/nmap-common_7.70+dfsg1-6_all.deb
Is it only possible to get such list of URLs beforehand by looking through all the apt's package source lists?
|
apt install has a --print-uris option which does exactly that:
$ apt install --print-uris libreswan
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libcurl3-nss
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libcurl3-nss libreswan
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,255 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,584 kB of additional disk space will be used.
'http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/pool/main/c/curl/libcurl3-nss_7.64.0-4_amd64.deb' libcurl3-nss_7.64.0-4_amd64.deb 335908 MD5Sum:376a45e2415e9aea88f5c8825dba0697
'http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libr/libreswan/libreswan_3.27-6_amd64.deb' libreswan_3.27-6_amd64.deb 919276 MD5Sum:cc05b89c596bcf40ac16a9e9fd4185b9
It lists all the packages which would be downloaded, with their URI, the target file name, the file size and hash.
Note that files which are already present in your local APT cache won’t be listed.
| How to get all URLs for packages that would be installed for `apt install <pkg>` command |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I was trying to install zoom using dpkg. Then, I got ibus error, so I installed the required package libxcb-xtest0. After that it required another package, but I forgot the package name. When I installed that package it suggested that I run sudo apt-get -f install. My bad for not reading, I ran the command and it uninstalled almost everything including core packages.
Now, I am accessing the OS via tty1 and and followed this comment from stackoverflow https://serverfault.com/a/646116 in an attempt to restore what was removed. Unfortunately, it didn't work as expected. Please see supporting images.
Currently I have no idea what else I could do. If possible I don't want to resolve it by reinstalling the OS.
Supporting Images: https://bit.ly/2SqNzTj
|
For the benefit of anyone who will encounter this problem. Here's what I did to fix this daunting accident.
Since my network-manager had also been removed there is no way sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get update --fix-missing, sudo apt-get -f install nor sudo apt-get upgrade works no matter how many times I tried.
Thankfully, I found my thumb drive with bootable Kali Linux in it. You can use other Debian/Ubuntu distro to boot as Live CD and follow instructions from here on how to install the network-manager via Live CD. NOTE: I only followed how to install the network-manager then I exited and rebooted to my main OS.
Afterwards, I'm back to my main OS, I still can only access tty1 but with internet access, I can now install everything that got removed. For this, I ran sudo apt-get update -y first and then ran the bash script which I created from the earlier attempt I mentioned in the post, which I followed from here.
After the install was completed I rebooted and viola! Everything was recovered as if nothing happened.
Hope this could help somebody. But, I hope even more that you don't encounter this.
| Ran `sudo apt-get -f install` and it removed almost everything including essential packages |
1,454,004,530,000 |
my setup
inxi -SMG System: Host: zaphod Kernel: 5.14.0-1-amd64 x86_64 bits:
64 Desktop: Xfce 4.16.0 Distro: Debian GNU/Linux bookworm/sid
Machine: Type: Laptop System: ASUSTeK product: G750JX v: 1.0
serial: Mobo: ASUSTeK model: G750JX v: 1.0
serial: BIOS: American Megatrends v:
G750JX.209 date: 11/18/2013 Graphics: Device-1: NVIDIA GK106M
[GeForce GTX 770M] driver: N/A Device-2: Chicony USB2.0 HD UVC
WebCam type: USB driver: uvcvideo Display: x11 server: X.Org
1.20.11 driver: loaded: nouveau,vesa unloaded: fbdev,modesetting resolution: 1024x768 OpenGL: renderer: llvmpipe (LLVM 11.0.1 256
bits) v: 4.5 Mesa 20.3.5
crash context
I use Debian testing for some really needed reasons
I need to use a High-resolution & secondary screen each day with 1920x1080.
Made an
aptitude update && aptitude safe-upgrade
all was right at that point, so I finished my work a few hours & power off the system.
here is the issue
Power on at morning & got only 1st screen working, 2cd one remains dark.
Resolutions is stuck on 1024*768
Errors seem to indicate an issue on DKMS. Then I investigated around that. But without results.
But I just cannot reboot until all procedures supposed to have been solved for anyone on many many many forums & google pages returns all without any exceptions finish by an update of the initram & kernel with deleting current ones
and then rebooting , I just cannot reboot any more as far as all procedures deletes initram & kernel & new ones cannot be build.
here we go on each try whatever I do before *(clean, purge,
install or reinstall nvidia drivers &/or legacy &/or proprietary &/or
vesa/mesa)* finishes as :
Loading new nvidia-current-470.57.02 DKMS files... Building for
5.14.0-1-amd64 Building initial module for 5.14.0-1-amd64 Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 5.14.0-1-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/470.57.02/build/make.log for more
information. dpkg: error processing package nvidia-kernel-dkms
(--configure): installed nvidia-kernel-dkms package post-installation
script subprocess returned error exit status 10 dpkg: dependency
problems prevent configuration of nvidia-driver: nvidia-driver
depends on nvidia-kernel-dkms (= 470.57.02-2) |
nvidia-kernel-470.57.02; however: Package nvidia-kernel-dkms is not
configured yet. Package nvidia-kernel-470.57.02 is not installed.
Package nvidia-kernel-dkms which provides nvidia-kernel-470.57.02 is
not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package nvidia-driver (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered
while processing: nvidia-kernel-dkms nvidia-driver needrestart is
being skipped since dpkg has failed E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg
returned an error code (1)
I 've just worked on that since about 10AM it is about 17:30PM I just don't know how to solve that now
ho, just a thing to avoid useless answers I Cannot REINSTALL sytem
any Idea how to force build on ignore errors or anything similar or force build even on errors ?
|
When you run into issues such as this, deleting old kernels and associated initramfs is the last thing you should do; instead, you can reboot into the previously-known working kernel. You’ve been bitten by bug #994860: the NVIDIA graphics drivers currently in testing don’t build with kernel 5.14, and the latter just migrated to testing.
Why did this happen seemingly overnight? Until you powered off, your system was running a 5.10 kernel, which is the version that was in testing until two days ago. When you upgraded, the newly-migrated 5.14 kernel was installed; and when you booted up again, that’s the kernel that was loaded. dkms noticed that the NVIDIA modules were missing, tried to build them, and failed because of the aforementioned bug. (It would have tried to build them during installation too.)
To fix the situation, assuming you no longer have the 5.10 kernel, you can install that to return to your previously-working configuration:
wget http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/l/linux-signed-amd64/linux-image-5.10.0-8-amd64_5.10.46-5_amd64.deb \
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-headers-5.10.0-8-amd64_5.10.46-5_amd64.deb \
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-headers-5.10.0-8-common_5.10.46-5_all.deb \
http://security.debian.org/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-kbuild-5.10_5.10.46-5_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./linux*5.10_*deb
The NVIDIA modules should build fine for this kernel again, and you can then reboot and choose the 5.10 kernel from the boot menu. This won’t break anything else in your system, the 5.10 kernel is safe to use with Debian testing — in fact that’s what was in testing until September 28. (The above instructions won’t install exactly the same kernel, they’ll install an updated 5.10 kernel from Debian 11 — Debian testing doesn’t get security support.)
Alternatively, upgrade to the NVIDIA drivers currently in unstable, but be aware that you might then run into issues with OpenCL (if that’s important to you).
| nvida drivers disapeared during night (poweroff/poweron) DKMS cannot be rebuild |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I'am trying to use dpkg --get-selections to get a list of packages, but it is returning empty file. I'am using fedora.
|
dpkg is not a native Fedora/Enterprise Linux package management system.
You need to use the equivalent yum or dnf commands to accomplish your task. This may give you the info you are looking for:
yum list installed
or
dnf list installed
| dpkg --get-selections returning empty file |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I want to create a package for installation of the latest version of pgn-extract. I downloaded pgn-extract.tgz and decompressed the archive.
But I can't think any further myself, because I have no experiences in the concept of building packages.
|
The easiest way (for some value of “easiest”) of going about this is to download the existing pgn-extract package and use that as a base:
download the current source:
wget ftp://ftp.cs.kent.ac.uk/pub/djb/pgn-extract/pgn-extract.tgz
extract it:
tar xf pgn-extract.tgz
determine the version number:
grep Version pgn-extract/index.html
(I get “17-38”, so I’ll use that in the following instructions; if you’ve got a later version, replace “17” and “38” as appropriate)
link the tarball to the “.orig” tarball that the Debian build tools will expect:
ln -s pgn-extract.tgz pgn-extract_17.38.orig.tar.gz
download the source package and extract it:
apt-get source pgn-extract
copy the existing debian directory into your pgn-extract source directory:
cd pgn-extract
cp -a ../pgn-extract-17.21/debian .
add a changelog entry for your version, something like
dch -v 17.38-0.1 "New upstream release."
build the new package; if errors occur here, fix the packaging as appropriate, and try again:
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc
In my case, I had to fix makefile.patch; this showed up as an error patching the code at the start of the build:
dpkg-source: info: using source format '3.0 (quilt)'
dpkg-source: info: building pgn-extract using existing ./pgn-extract_17.38.orig.tar.gz
patching file Makefile
Hunk #1 FAILED at 37.
Hunk #2 succeeded at 48 (offset 1 line).
1 out of 2 hunks FAILED
dpkg-source: info: the patch has fuzz which is not allowed, or is malformed
dpkg-source: info: if patch 'makefile.patch' is correctly applied by quilt, use 'quilt refresh' to update it
dpkg-source: error: LC_ALL=C patch -t -F 0 -N -p1 -u -V never -E -b -B .pc/makefile.patch/ --reject-file=- < pgn-extract.orig.ltAFev/debian/patches/makefile.patch gave error exit status 1
dpkg-buildpackage: error: dpkg-source -b pgn-extract gave error exit status 2
To fix this, I proceeded as follows:
force-apply the patch:
export QUILT_PATCHES="debian/patches"
quilt push -f
check out the rejects in Makefile.rej and apply them manually using an editor; with the current version of pgn-extract, that means:
look for the line # AIX 3.2 Users might like these alternatives
find the line just above that saying CC=gcc
above that, delete the line saying -O3, and replace the \ at the end of the previous line with $(CPPFLAGS), so the whole line ends up as
-I/usr/local/lib/ansi-include -std=c99 $(CPPFLAGS)
refresh the patch:
quilt refresh
run the build again.
You could also start from the extracted Debian source package and use uscan to download and process the latest tarball, but I’ll let you investigate that if you’re interested.
| Create package of pgn-extract |
1,454,004,530,000 |
So when i update kali linux with sudo apt update it shows this
Get:1 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot InRelease
Ign:1 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot InRelease
Get:2 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot Release [7,354 B]
Get:2 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot Release [7,354 B]
Get:3 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot Release.gpg
Ign:3 file:/run/live/medium kali-last-snapshot Release.gpg
Get:4 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling InRelease [41.2 kB]
Reading package lists... Done
E: Release file for file:/run/live/medium/dists/kali-last-snapshot/Release is not valid yet (invalid for another 24d 7h 37min 13s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.
E: Release file for http://http.kali.org/kali/dists/kali-rolling/InRelease is not valid yet (invalid for another 47d 21h 22min 3s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.
and when i upgrade with sudo apt full-upgrade -y it shows me this
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
binutils : Depends: binutils-common (= 2.41-4) but 2.40.90.20230714-2 is installed
binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu : Depends: binutils-common (= 2.41-4) but 2.40.90.20230714-2 is installed
libbinutils : Depends: binutils-common (= 2.41-4) but 2.40.90.20230714-2 is installed
libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.37-7) but 2.37-6 is installed
libc6-i386 : Depends: libc6 (= 2.37-7) but 2.37-6 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
and when i try sudo apt --fix-broken install show me this
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
binutils-common libc6
Suggested packages:
glibc-doc libnss-nis libnss-nisplus
The following packages will be upgraded:
binutils-common libc6
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 452 not upgraded.
39 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/5,265 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,024 B disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Reading changelogs... Done
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 418244 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libc6_2.37-7_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.37-7) over (2.37-6) ...
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.37-7) ...
Setting up libstdc++6:amd64 (13.2.0-2) ...
(Reading database ... 418244 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../binutils-common_2.41-4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking binutils-common:amd64 (2.41-4) over (2.40.90.20230714-2) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/binutils-common_2.41-4_amd64.deb (--unpack):
unable to make backup link of './usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES/gprof.mo' before installing new version: Input/output error
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/binutils-common_2.41-4_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
i have a kali live boot with persistence and this the third time reinstall it
i need ur help
|
You need to set your system’s date and time — your system’s date is in the past. On top of that, your storage seems to be broken.
| Errors when unpacking binutils-common |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I was upgrading my debian and after a while the package UDEV and DIRMNGR started to give me errors.
I tried to download deb separately and try to fix the error but it doesnt seem to be a simple one. Is it possible to install these two package manually or fix the problem around dpkg?
UDEV is returning:
dpkg: error processing archive
/tmp/apt-dpkg-install-jTaHJP/0-udev_232-8_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
and
DIRMNGR is returning:
dpkg-maintscript-helper: error: dpkg: error: version '' has bad
syntax: version string is empty
http://pastebin.com/XvAZ38UF
|
The problem with dirmngr has been reported as #848413 against dirmngr, which resulted in #848422 against dpkg where the bug actually is.
To fix things, you can downgrade dpkg to the version in testing; if you have the appropriate entries in your repositories:
apt-get install dpkg/testing
should do the trick.
The udev installation error is caused by missing features in the kernel you're running. The easiest way to fix that is to use an up-to-date Debian kernel — the safest option there is to install linux-image-4.8.0-2-amd64-unsigned currently (assuming you're on amd64), or linux-image-amd64 if you've got a SecureBoot-enabled system. In your specific case, since you're running an OVH kernel, you need to find an up-to-date OVH kernel...
| Dpkg returns odd errors |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I'm trying to install a new 2016 open ssl package, but still see the old 2012 version, on Ubuntu 12.04 .
I have a bunch of Ubuntu 12.04 dedicated machines that can't connect to the internet. They're all running openssl 1.0.1 from 2012 (when running: openssl version I get: OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012).
I need the openssl upgraded to something new, so on a test machine with internet access, I've installed openssl_1.0.1-4ubuntu5.33_amd64.deb , a new pack from year of our lord 2016, with dpkg like so:
sudo apt-get download openssl
sudo dpkg -i openssl_1.0.1-4ubuntu5.33_amd64.deb
The output is:
(Reading database ... 70268 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace openssl 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.33 (using openssl_1.0.1-4ubuntu5.33_amd64.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement openssl ...
Setting up openssl (1.0.1-4ubuntu5.33) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
That's it. I run: openssl version again and still see: OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012
I rebooted, just for the sake of it. Didn't help. I tried sudo apt-get install openssl and got
openssl is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 354 not upgraded
sigh :-( Vat am I doing wrong?
|
So, the question is (if I understand it correctly) how one can find out the date of a package that has been modified by Debian, assuming the upstream version has not changed.
The Debian/Ubuntu package version number for upstream (non-native) software always consists of two parts. The part before the dash, which is the upstream number, and the one after the dash, which corresponding to changes made by Debian/Ubuntu. To see those Debian/Ubuntu specific changes, look at /usr/share/doc/openssl/changelog.Debian.gz. The Debian number (whatever that is called) may some of the time be reflected in the version string, but not always. If that is the case, the version string has probably been modified by Debian/Ubuntu. In this case, it appears it has not. To see a case where it has been, see
gcc --version
gcc-4.9.real (Debian 4.9.2-10) 4.9.2
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
gcc points to gcc-4.9.
root@orwell:/home/faheem# ls -lah /usr/bin/gcc lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 25 2015 /usr/bin/gcc -> gcc-4.9
And the version of the gcc 4.9 package on this system is:
dpkg -l gcc-4.9
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=================================-=====================-=====================-=======================================================================
ii gcc-4.9 4.9.2-10 amd64 GNU C compiler
| trying a new 2016 openssl package, but still see the old 2012 version. Ubuntu 12.04 |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I want to be able to instrument and analyze at a prebuilt server and get a list of every file read.
I would also like to determine which of those files were read by the kernel to execute a program, load a library or just read by an application.
I thought it would be simple. SELinux by default deny, and in permissive mode, it logs everything. So, install it with no rules and run it in permissive mode and everything should be logged.
Note this question is related to this one on Security SE as I am experiencing something similar to that poster.
Then there is the issue that running under SELinux or any of the other auditing packages would introduce substantial load and possibly change the behavior of the system under observation.
|
For my particular investigation I realized I don't really care why the file was read whether it was read as an executable or configuration file doesn't matter to me at this point.
So I went back to find and found printf %T@ prints creation time and %A@ prints access time so if those are almost the same the file has not been modified since installation.
I'm still processing results but they look very promising.
I'm working with my team to get permission to open source the code but honestly the code is pretty straight forward.
I do recommend mounting with lazytime for best results
find_args=(-xdev -type f -printf "%p|%T@|%A@\\n")
find / $find_args > logfile.psv
#Create a PSV file (pipe seperated values file) that contains
#path|creation_time|access_time
Accomplishes what I want fairly reliably. I tried using a straight CSV but some ubuntu firmware modules have a "," in thier name but I figured no one would be brave enough to ship a linux file with "|" in it's name so after some deliberation I settled on that.
One of the requirements for my application is 0 dependenceis so python based or perl based solutions don't work.
Combined with a simple "package exploder" when we find a file that hasn't been used recently we can cross reference the installation package it came from
| I would like to audit an Ubuntu server to get a list of all files executed and all files read by the kernel |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I have installed a tool form source code with checkinstall. The installation was fine. That is the output:
Done. The new package has been installed and saved to
/opt/ntopng-2.0/ntopng_2.0-1_armhf.deb
You can remove it from your system anytime using:
dpkg -r ntopng
When I tried to remove it with dpkg -r ntopng command, it seems that nothing is happened:
root@raspberrypi:/opt/ntopng-2.0# dpkg -r ntopng
(Reading database ... 93161 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing ntopng ...
dpkg: warning: while removing ntopng, directory '/usr/local/share' not empty so not removed
dpkg: warning: while removing ntopng, directory '/usr/local/bin' not empty so not removed
Processing triggers for man-db ...
root@raspberrypi:/opt/ntopng-2.0# ls -l
total 48164
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pi pi 383 May 31 22:07 autogen.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 17 13:31 autom4te.cache
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pi pi 43423 May 31 22:07 config.guess
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25263 Nov 17 13:56 config.log
-rwxrwxr-x 1 root root 28733 Nov 17 13:56 config.status
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 157230 Nov 17 13:30 configure
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10712 Nov 17 13:29 configure.ac
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 10722 May 31 22:07 configure.seed
drwxr-xr-x 3 pi pi 4096 May 31 22:07 contrib
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 35147 May 31 22:07 COPYING
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Nov 17 15:14 description-pak
drwxr-xr-x 2 pi pi 4096 Nov 17 13:56 doc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 17 15:14 doc-pak
drwxr-xr-x 10 pi pi 4096 May 31 22:07 httpdocs
drwxr-xr-x 2 pi pi 4096 Nov 17 13:56 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 35142 May 31 22:07 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 8812 Nov 17 13:56 Makefile
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 8836 May 31 22:07 Makefile.in
drwxr-xr-x 11 pi pi 4096 Nov 17 13:37 nDPI
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9100918 Nov 17 15:13 ntopng
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39749450 Nov 17 15:28 ntopng_2.0-1_armhf.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 15594 May 31 22:07 ntopng.8
drwxr-xr-x 5 pi pi 4096 Nov 17 13:56 packages
-rw-r--r-- 1 pi pi 720 May 31 22:07 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 4 pi pi 4096 May 31 22:07 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 2 pi pi 4096 Nov 17 15:13 src
drwxr-xr-x 13 pi pi 4096 May 31 22:07 third-party
drwxr-xr-x 2 pi pi 4096 May 31 22:07 tools
I rebooted the server and tried again. That is the message received
root@raspberrypi:/opt/ntopng-2.0# dpkg -r ntopng
dpkg: warning: ignoring request to remove ntopng which isn't installed
Any suggestion?
This is the output of dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile /opt/ntopng-2.0/ntopng_2.0-1_armhf.deb | tar t
root@raspberrypi:/opt/ntopng-2.0# dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile /opt/ntopng-2.0/ntopng_2.0-1_armhf.deb | tar t
./
./usr/
./usr/local/
./usr/local/bin/
./usr/local/bin/ntopng
./usr/local/share/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/vlan_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/country_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/flows_stats_bottom.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/header.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/processes_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/aggregated_hosts_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/index_TopASNs.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/country_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/aggregated_hosts_stats_bottom.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/http_servers_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/processes_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/hosts_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/os_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/as_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/host_to_server_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/network_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/hosts_stats_bottom.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/flows_stats_middle.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/index_TopApplications.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/index_TopFlowSenders.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/sprobe_process.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/sflows_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/flows_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/network_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/http_servers_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/host_to_server_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/hosts_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/index_TopHosts.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/sprobe_process_header.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/processes_stats_bottom.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/as_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/index_TopPorts.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/geolocation_disclaimer.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/aggregated_hosts_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/sflows_stats_bottom.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/flows_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/os_stats_id.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/inc/vlan_stats_top.inc
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/cubism.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/flags.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/bubble-chart.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/sequence_sunburst.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/tablesorted.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/datepicker.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/cal-heatmap.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/bootstrap-datetimepicker.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/dc.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/nv.d3.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/timepicker.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/timeline.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/bootstrap-duallistbox.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/jquery-ui.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/rickshaw.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/Rickshaw/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/Rickshaw/detail.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/Rickshaw/graph.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/Rickshaw/legend.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/c3.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/ntopng.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/pagingbar.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/pie-chart.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/bootstrap-slider.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/css/prettify.css
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/favicon.ico
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/nv.d3.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/c3.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/springyui-ntop.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.form.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/README.gauge
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bootstrap.ajaxpager-0.8.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/ntopng_utils.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/highlight.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/rickshaw.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/pdfmake.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/d3.v3.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bootstrap-slider.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/cubism.v1.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/dc.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/markerclusterer.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.peity.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/sequence_sunburst.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/html5shiv.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/cal-heatmap.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.bootstrap-duallistbox.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/timeline.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bootstrap-datatable.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/pie-chart.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bootstrap3-typeahead.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/springy-ntop.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/cpu_bar.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery-ui.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.tablesorter.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/prettify.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/crossfilter.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bubble-chart.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/gauge.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/line-graph.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/bootstrap-datetimepicker.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/moment.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/handlebars-1.0.0.0.beta.6.js
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/js/jquery.sparkline.js
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/img/
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/img/interaction-graph-icons/ntopng.png
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/img/interaction-graph-icons/redis-server.png
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/img/interaction-graph-icons/apache2.png
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/img/cpu_icon.png
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/geoip/GeoIPASNum.dat
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/geoip/README
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/test.lp
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/bootstrap/
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/ssl/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/httpdocs/ssl/README
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/examples/
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/examples/ntop.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/get_alerts_data.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/API.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/lua_trace.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/voip_utils.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/lua_utils.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_talkers.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_networks.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_countries.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_os.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_vlan.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_scripts/top_os_local.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/persistence.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/top_structure.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/dkjson.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/json.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/get_real_epochs.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/alert_utils.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/modules/graph_utils.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/login.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/if_stats_ndpi.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/flow_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/if_pkt_distro.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/do_export_data.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/host_get_json.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/get_geo_hosts.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/system_hosts_interaction.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/vlan_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/get_flow_data.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/port_details.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/protocols/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/protocols/epp_aggregations.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/protocols/dns_aggregations.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/host_l4_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/change_user_prefs.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/get_user_info.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/users.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/change_user_password.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/get_users.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/add_user.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/delete_user.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/prefs.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/validate_new_user.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/admin/password_reset.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/pid_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/iface_flows_sankey.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/about.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/country_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/network_stats.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/hosts_comparison.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/db.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/hosts_comparison_sankey.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/hosts_treemap.lua
./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/get_top_talkers.lua
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./usr/local/share/ntopng/scripts/lua/top_hosts.lua
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./usr/share/
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./usr/share/doc/ntopng/LICENSE
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/README.md
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/
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./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/README.ntopng
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./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/README.docker_openstack
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/UserGuide.pdf
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./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/doxygen.conf
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/README.windows
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/doxygen.conf.in
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/README.categorization
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/mainpage.dox
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/doc/README.vagrant
./usr/share/doc/ntopng/COPYING
|
There are three directory trees involved when you build a program from source code:
the source directory. It can be practically anywhere you choose. In your case, it appears to be /opt/ntopng-2.0.
the object or build directory. This is where the compiler and other actions done by make will create all the object and executable files. It is often located in a subdirectory of the source directory, but in your case it looks like it's the same as the source directory.
the installation or target directory. This is where make install will copy the executable files that make built, as well as any support files. The installation directory usually defaults to /usr/local. Typically, the executables will be copied to /usr/local/bin and the support files to /usr/local/lib or /usr/local/share. You can choose a directory other than /usr/local by giving ./configure a --prefix=/path/to/other/directory option.
Sometimes programs will work just fine, or almost fine, if you run the copies in the object directory. Sometimes programs won't work at all because they need to read support files from the installation directory. In your case, /opt/ntopng-2.0/ntopng appears to run, even though it was meant to be run from /usr/local/bin/ntopng.
checkinstall does a make install, and it monitors what is installed, then it writes appropriate files and instructions into a .deb file in your current directory that will enable dpkg to install and uninstall the files.
checkinstall can only monitor the effects of make install (or whatever command it was told to execute). So running dpkg -r with the .deb file created by checkinstall cannot affect the contents of the source or object directories. You'll need to remove them manually.
| checkinstal - dpkg -r does not remove the package |
1,454,004,530,000 |
Is there a way to have only a debian folder and build the package (downloading and unpacking the sources) automatic? I've seen uscan but it scans for new packages, it doesn't allow to have a fixed download URL string.
Edit:
I want to have a folder for every package and inside only the debian folder and I don't know how to do for automatic download the sources and package it. Fedora has spectools, Arch downloads the tarball specified on PKGBUILD, so I want the same on Debian
|
The question, if I understand it correctly, is:
Given just a debian/ directory, i.e. a directory containing just the Debian packaging files for a software package, is there a way to use those packaging files to download and unpack the sources for that software package?
The target get-orig-source in debian/rules can be defined, as described in
Debian Policy Manual Chapter 4 - Source packages (section 4.9). If this target is defined, then the source can be downloaded by running the following command from inside the debian/ directory.
./rules get-orig-source
| How can I made a Debian ports like repo? |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I was upgrading my Kali Linux VPS using standard sudo apt update and later sudo apt upgrade commands while I encountered an error:
Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1).
I'm quite fresh Kali user, therefore I don't know why this error happened?
Apart from standard Kali installation, I have XFCE desktop environment installed and POSTGRE SQL database.
Nothing else.
But for some time now I'm connecting to the server using SSH.
I was even more surprised, because I knew that Kali uses APT package manager, therefore I don't understand why there's DPKG error there.
(michal㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo apt upgrade -y
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
baobab caribou cryptsetup-run folks-common gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-handy-0.0 gir1.2-mutter-8 gnom
gnome-contacts gnome-core gnome-font-viewer gnome-logs gnome-online-miners gnome-tweak-tool golang-1.16-go golang-1.16-src gstreamer1.0-packagekit kwin-sty
libamtk-5-0 libamtk-5-common libaom0 libavif12 libavif9 libcamel-1.2-62 libcaribou-common libcaribou0 libcbor0 libcodec2-0.9 libdap27 libdapclient6v5 libda
libedataserver-1.2-25 libedataserverui-1.2-2 libepsilon1 libextutils-pkgconfig-perl libfluidsynth2 libfolks-eds26 libfolks26 libgdal28 libgdal29 libgdk-pix
libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgeos-3.9.0 libgeos-3.9.1 libgfbgraph-0.2-0 libgupnp-1.2-0 libhandy-0.0-0 libidn11 libkdecorations2private7 libkwineffects12a libkwing
libkwinxrenderutils12 libmusicbrainz5-2 libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libmutter-8-0 libnetcdf18 libntfs-3g883 libomp-11-dev libomp5-11 libplacebo72 libproj19 libquv
libquvi-scripts-0.9 libstrictures-perl libtepl-5-0 libtracker-control-2.0-0 libtracker-miner-2.0-0 libtracker-sparql-2.0-0 liburcu6 liburing1 libvncclient1
libwireshark14 libwiretap11 libwsutil12 libx265-192 libxmlb1 libyara4 libzapojit-0.0-0 linux-image-5.10.0-kali7-amd64 lua-bitop lua-expat lua-json lua-sock
odbcinst1debian2 python3-editor python3-exif python3-gevent python3-gevent-websocket python3-ipython-genutils python3-jupyter-core python3-m2crypto python3
python3-orjson python3-parameterized python3-pbr python3-plotly python3-pylnk python3-stem python3-tenacity python3-zope.event vlc-bin vlc-l10n vlc-plugin-
vlc-plugin-notify vlc-plugin-qt vlc-plugin-samba vlc-plugin-skins2 vlc-plugin-video-splitter vlc-plugin-visualization
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages have been kept back:
breeze breeze-cursor-theme kde-cli-tools kde-cli-tools-data kde-config-gtk-style kde-config-screenlocker kde-plasma-desktop kde-style-breeze khotkeys khotk
kwin-common kwin-data kwin-style-breeze kwin-x11 libcolorcorrect5 libkdecorations2-5v5 libkdecorations2private9 libkf5sysguard-bin libkf5sysguard-data libk
libkfontinstui5 libkscreenlocker5 libksgrd9 libksignalplotter9 libksysguardformatter1 libksysguardsensorfaces1 libksysguardsensors1 libkwaylandserver5
libkwin4-effect-builtins1 libkwineffects13 libkwinglutils13 libkwinxrenderutils13 libkworkspace5-5 libnotificationmanager1 libplasma-geolocation-interface5
libpowerdevilcore2 libpowerdevilui5 libprocesscore9 libprocessui9 libsemanage-common libtaskmanager6abi1 libweather-ion7 passwd plasma-desktop plasma-deskt
plasma-workspace plasma-workspace-data powerdevil powerdevil-data qml-module-org-kde-ksysguard systemsettings
The following packages will be upgraded:
libdecor-0-0 libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo libnet-pcap-perl
3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 51 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 92.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://mirror.serverius.net/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo amd64 0.1.0-3 [19.0 kB]
Get:2 http://mirror.neostrada.nl/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libdecor-0-0 amd64 0.1.0-3 [13.2 kB]
Get:3 http://mirror.neostrada.nl/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 libnet-pcap-perl amd64 0.20-1 [60.2 kB]
Fetched 92.4 kB in 1s (130 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 468468 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo_0.1.0-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo:amd64 (0.1.0-3) over (0.1.0-2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libdecor-0-0_0.1.0-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libdecor-0-0:amd64 (0.1.0-3) over (0.1.0-2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../libnet-pcap-perl_0.20-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libnet-pcap-perl (0.20-1) over (0.19-1) ...
Setting up powershell-empire (4.2.0-0kali2) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/powershell-empire/empire.py", line 11, in <module>
import empire.server.server as server
File "/usr/share/powershell-empire/empire/server/server.py", line 24, in <module>
import socketio
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/socketio/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from .client import Client
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/socketio/client.py", line 7, in <module>
import engineio
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/engineio/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
from .asyncio_client import AsyncClient
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/engineio/asyncio_client.py", line 7, in <module>
import aiohttp
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from .client import (
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 35, in <module>
from . import hdrs, http, payload
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/http.py", line 7, in <module>
from .http_parser import (
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/http_parser.py", line 15, in <module>
from .helpers import NO_EXTENSIONS, BaseTimerContext
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/helpers.py", line 667, in <module>
class CeilTimeout(async_timeout.timeout):
TypeError: function() argument 'code' must be code, not str
dpkg: error processing package powershell-empire (--configure):
installed powershell-empire package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-headless:
kali-linux-headless depends on powershell-empire; however:
Package powershell-empire is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-headless (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libdecor-0-0:amd64 (0.1.0-3) ...
Setting up libnet-pcap-perl (0.20-1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-default:
kali-linux-default depends on kali-linux-headless; however:
Package kali-linux-headless is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-default (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libdecor-0-plugin-1-cairo:amd64 (0.1.0-3) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-large:
kali-linux-large depends on kali-linux-default; however:
Package kali-linux-default is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-large (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.32-4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
Processing triggers for kali-menu (2021.4.2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
powershell-empire
kali-linux-headless
kali-linux-default
kali-linux-large
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
┌──(michal㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ ./setup/install.sh 100 ⨯
zsh: no such file or directory: ./setup/install.sh
(michal㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo dpkg --configure -a 130 ⨯
Setting up powershell-empire (4.2.0-0kali2) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/share/powershell-empire/empire.py", line 11, in <module>
import empire.server.server as server
File "/usr/share/powershell-empire/empire/server/server.py", line 24, in <module>
import socketio
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/socketio/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
from .client import Client
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/socketio/client.py", line 7, in <module>
import engineio
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/engineio/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
from .asyncio_client import AsyncClient
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/engineio/asyncio_client.py", line 7, in <module>
import aiohttp
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
from .client import (
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/client.py", line 35, in <module>
from . import hdrs, http, payload
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/http.py", line 7, in <module>
from .http_parser import (
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/http_parser.py", line 15, in <module>
from .helpers import NO_EXTENSIONS, BaseTimerContext
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/aiohttp/helpers.py", line 667, in <module>
class CeilTimeout(async_timeout.timeout):
TypeError: function() argument 'code' must be code, not str
dpkg: error processing package powershell-empire (--configure):
installed powershell-empire package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-headless:
kali-linux-headless depends on powershell-empire; however:
Package powershell-empire is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-headless (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-default:
kali-linux-default depends on kali-linux-headless; however:
Package kali-linux-headless is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-default (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of kali-linux-large:
kali-linux-large depends on kali-linux-default; however:
Package kali-linux-default is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package kali-linux-large (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
powershell-empire
kali-linux-headless
kali-linux-default
kali-linux-large
I don't know where should I ask this question.
I got a database there, which is pretty important for me - It's a part of my masters degree, so destroying the server and reinstalling Kali is not an option.
|
Purge the package
sudo apt purge powershell-empire
Reinstall the package
sudo apt install powershell-empire
... installed succesfull
| Kali Linux - dpkg error while upgrading system. Error processing package powershell-empire (--configure): |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I had a KL2016 laying around and installed it on virtualbox, installed, then the problems started after
apt-get install && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade
This is the error I get
The following additional packages will be installed:
vlc-bin
The following NEW packages will be installed:
vlc-bin
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 13 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 157 kB of archives.
After this operation, 382 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://ftp.xxxx.fr/kali/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 vlc-bin amd64 2.2.6-2 [157 kB]
Fetched 157 kB in 0s (167 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 340385 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vlc-bin_2.2.6-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vlc-bin (2.2.6-2) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/vlc-bin_2.2.6-2_amd64.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/cvlc', which is also in package vlc-nox 2.2.1-5+b1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/vlc-bin_2.2.6-2_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
|
Had the same issue with the same scenario.
I had to purge the package mentioned, in this case: vlc-nox.
sudo dpkg -P vlc-nox
And then run install again.
sudo apt-get install -f
Should work after that.
| "trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/cvlc', which is also in package vlc-nox 2.2.1-5+b1" |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I'm currently learning about dpkg and apt, and I can see that the repository of e.g. ubuntu is structured in the following manner:
Under the dists directory, we have a list of dists-suites such as focal, focal-updates, focal-security etc.
Under each of these, we have a hierarchy of main, multiverse, restricted and universe.
I read in the docs what this means basically.
My questions are:
Should I care whether I install from main, universe, multiverse etc.? In which usecases should I change the default settings in the sources.list file?
Same question for updates, security, backports etc.?
What are backports anyway?
|
Most of this is addressed in the detailed description of repositories in the Ubuntu wiki.
You should care if you care about different levels of support, and different licenses:
Component
Supported by
Support duration
License
main
Canonical
Five years (LTS)
Free / open source
restricted
Third-party provider
Five years (LTS)
Proprietary, source might not be available
universe
Third-party (typically, Debian)
No commitment
Free / open source
multiverse
Third-party
No commitment
Non-free, patent-encumbered etc.
security provides security fixes. updates additionally provides fixes for serious bugs. backports provides new versions of (some) packages.
Most of the time, new versions of packages are only made available in subsequent releases of Ubuntu. Sometimes however it can be useful to make a new version available to users of older releases, even though it isn’t a candidate for updates; this is where backports comes in. Note that backports isn’t tested as a whole, so in general you should only pull in specific packages you’re interested in from that repository.
| Should I care about main, restricted, multiverse universe? |
1,454,004,530,000 |
According to dpkg-query manual page:
For example this will list all package
names starting with “libc6”:
dpkg-query -l 'libc6*'
When I try it on Debian 10.5:
$ dpkg-query -l 'libc6*'
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==============-============-============-=================================
ii libc6:amd64 2.28-10 amd64 GNU C Library: Shared libraries
un libc6-amd64 <none> <none> (no description available)
un libc6.1 <none> <none> (no description available)
While apt shows more packages:
$ apt list 'libc6*'
Listing... Виконано
libc6-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-amd64-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-amd64-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-arm64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-armel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-armhf-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dbg/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-amd64-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-amd64-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-arm64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-armel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-armhf-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-hppa-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-i386/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev-m68k-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips32-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-dev-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-powerpc-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-powerpcspe-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-ppc64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-riscv64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-s390-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sh4-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sparc-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-dev-x32/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-dev/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-hppa-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-i386/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-m68k-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips32-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mips64r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsel-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32r6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsn32r6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsr6-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-mipsr6el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross2 all
libc6-pic/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-powerpc-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-powerpcspe-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64-powerpc-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-ppc64el-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-riscv64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-s390-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-s390x-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sh4-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sparc-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-sparc64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-amd64-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32-i386-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6-x32/stable 2.28-10 amd64
libc6.1-alpha-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6.1-dev-alpha-cross/stable 2.28-7cross1 all
libc6/stable,now 2.28-10 amd64 [installed]
How to make dpkg-query show all matches? Why does it show only a selection?
|
dpkg-query only looks at /var/lib/dpkg/status by default, and that only contains information about packages which are currently installed or were installed in the past.
To see all the available packages, you can add the --load-avail option:
dpkg-query --load-avail -l 'libc6*'
but that relies on /var/lib/dpkg/available being up-to-date. apt doesn’t touch that file, it uses its own databases, so you’ll need to take care of that yourself:
for file in /var/lib/apt/lists/*_Packages; do sudo dpkg --merge-avail $file; done
(Note that this doesn’t take care of translated descriptions, so dpkg-query won’t be able to show them.)
It’s best to use apt for such queries. dpkg has a local view of packages, apt has a repository-based view; so repository-based queries are better handled by apt.
| Why dpkg-query -l with a wildcard does not list all possible packages? |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I need some online service that gives me all existing source packages in Debian.
A source package is something like this:
https://packages.debian.org/source/stretch/wireshark
It contains several binary packages.
|
The same recipe as given in answer to your previous question works here too: the list of “source” sections in the various suites has an “All source packages” entry which leads to a page listing all the source packages, as HTML or as compressed text.
| How do I get a list of all existing Debian source packages of all architectures online? |
1,454,004,530,000 |
root@kali:~# sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/587 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
dpkg: error processing package tk8.6-blt2.5 (--configure):
package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
reinstall it before attempting configuration
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-tk:
python-tk depends on tk8.6-blt2.5 (>= 2.5.3); however:
Package tk8.6-blt2.5 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package python-tk (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of blt:
blt depends on tk8.6-blt2.5 (= 2.5.3+dfsg-4); however:
Package tk8.6-blt2.5 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package blt (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of tcpwatch-httpproxy:
tcpwatch-httpproxy depends on python-tk; however:
Package python-tk is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package tcpwatch-httpproxy (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of python-pil.imagetk:amd64:
python-pil.imagetk:amd64 depends on python-tk (>= 2.7.7-2); however:
Package python-tk is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package python-pil.imagetk:amd64 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
tk8.6-blt2.5
python-tk
blt
tcpwatch-httpproxy
python-pil.imagetk:amd64
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
root@kali:~#
Why am I getting this error?
|
The important error message is
dpkg: error processing package tk8.6-blt2.5 (--configure): package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should reinstall it before attempting configuration
You need to reinstall that package:
apt install --reinstall tk8.6-blt2.5
| dpkg error when running sudo apt-get upgrade [duplicate] |
1,454,004,530,000 |
I was trying to install a program via terminal. But suddenly my computer was shut down because electricity was going off. Later while I was trying to install any program using terminal, it gave me this error:
E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem.
Now what should I do to fix it and install correctly?
|
It seems to some packages didn't configured correctly.
To fix it:
$sudo dpkg --configure -a
If it doesn't work try this:
$sudo apt-get install -f
then again
$sudo dpkg --configure -a
I think, when you search this problem on Google, you can find a lot of solutions that well-explained.
| dpkg was interrupted [closed] |
1,454,004,530,000 |
Debian 10
sudo wget -O protonvpn-cli.sh gives wget: missing url.
sudo protonvpn-cli -connect gives command not found
I have not changed anything in any of the computer files. I do use a firewall and Tor.
I use protonvpn everyday with no problem, but today, problem.
Also, I can usually set correct time with dpkg-reconfigure tzdata, but today not letting me; doesn't give correct time; maybe related to same problem.
|
Googling for protovpn linux install leads to this page, which clearly says the command should be
sudo wget -O protonvpn-cli.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ProtonVPN/protonvpn-cli/master/protonvpn-cli.sh
So no, you haven't used
sudo wget -O protonvpn-cli.sh
to download it, because, as the error message says, it's missing the URL. Without the URL it just won't work.
And if you don't download protonvpn-cli.sh, because you forgot the URL, then of course you cannot execute it. That's what the error message for the second command says.
So: Read the error messages. Fix your mistakes. Try again.
| Why am I getting these error messages? [closed] |
1,334,958,379,000 |
On my Ubuntu-Desktop and on my debian-server I have a script which needs to be executed each minute (a script that calls the minute-tic of my space online browsergame).
The problem is that on debian derivates cron is logging to /var/log/syslog each time it executes. I end up seeing repeated the message it was executed over and over in /var/log/syslog:
Nov 11 16:50:01 eclabs /USR/SBIN/CRON[31636]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/w3m -no-cookie http://www.spacetrace.org/secret_script.php > /dev/null 2>&1)
I know that in order to suppress the output of a program I can redirect it to /dev/null, for example to hide all error and warning messages from a program I can create a line in crontab like this
* * * * * root /usr/local/sbin/mycommand.sh > /dev/null
But I would like to run a cronjob and be sure that all generated output or errors are piped to NULL, so it doesn't generate any messages in syslog and doesn't generate any emails
EDIT:
there is a solution to redirect the cron-logs into a separate log like proposed here by changing /etc/syslog.conf
But the drawback is, that then ALL output of all cronjobs is redirected.
Can I somehow only redirect a single cronjob to a separate log file? Preferably configurable inside the cron.hourly file itself.
|
Make the line this:
* * * * * root /usr/local/sbin/mycommand.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
This will capture both STDOUT (1) and STDERR (2) and send them to /dev/null.
MAILTO
You can also disable the email by setting and then resetting the MAILTO="" which will disable the sending of any emails.
Example
MAILTO=""
* * * * * root /usr/local/sbin/mycommand.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
MAILTO="[email protected]"
* * * * * root /usr/local/sbin/myothercommand.sh
Additional messaging
Often times you'll get the following types of messages in /var/log/syslog:
Nov 11 08:17:01 manny CRON[28381]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
These are simply notifications via cron that a directory of cronjobs was executed. This message has nothing to do directly with these jobs, instead it's coming from the crond daemon directly. There isn't really anything you can do about these, and I would encourage you to not disable these, since they're likely the only window you have into the goings on of crond via the logs.
If they're very annoying to you, you can always direct them to an alternative log file to get them out of your /var/log/syslog file, through the /etc/syslog.conf configuration file for syslog.
| How do I completely silence a cronjob to /dev/null/? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I'm getting a lot of mail in my root user's mail account. This appears to be mostly reports and errors from things like cron scripts. I'm trying to work though and solve these things, possibly even have them be piped to some sort of "dashboard" - but until then how can I have these messages go to my personal e-mail account instead?
|
Any user, including root, can forward their local email by putting the forwarding address in a file called ~/.forward. You can have multiple addresses there, all on one line and separated by comma. If you want both local delivery and forwarding, put root@localhost as one of the addresses.
The system administrator can define email aliases in the file /etc/aliases. This file contains lines like root: [email protected], /root/mailbox; the effect is the same as having [email protected], /root/mailbox in ~root/.forward. You may need to run a program such as newaliases after changing /etc/aliases.
Note that the workings of .forward and /etc/aliases depend on your MTA. Most MTAs implement the main features provided by the traditional sendmail, but check your MTA's documentation.
| Can I change root's email address or forward it to an external address? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I am a computational scientist, and I run a lot of lengthy calculations on Linux. Specifically, I run molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the GROMACS package. These simulations can take days or weeks, running on (for example) 8 to 24 cores. I have access to several nodes of a cluster, which means that at any given time, I am running approximately 4 or 5 jobs (each on a different node, and each on 8-24 cores).
The problem is that the simulation take a variable amount of time. I like to keep all nodes working on simulations around the clock, but to start a new simulation, I need to do log in with a terminal and do some manual work. But I always forget how much time is left in a simulation, so I always end up constantly checking them.
Is there any way that I can receive an e-mail when a Linux process finishes? Could there be a Linux program that does this? That way I would know when to log in with a terminal and prepare the next simulation.
I am using Ubuntu Linux. Thanks for your time.
|
Jobs submitted to the at daemon will send any output to you from stderr and stdout upon completion. It can also be configured to send mail even if the job has no output. It also has the benefit of running without a controlling terminal, so you don't have to worry about the effect that closing your terminal will have on the job.
example:
echo "/opt/product/bin/job.sh data123"|at -m NOW
When this job completes, the user who submitted the job will receive an email, and if there is any output at all you will receive it. You can change the email recipient by changing the LOGNAME environment variable.
at has a batch mode where you can queue jobs to run when the system is not busy. This is not a very good queueing system when multiple users are competing for resources, but nonetheless, if you wanted to run jobs with it:
echo "/opt/product/bin/job.sh dataA"|batch
echo "/opt/product/bin/job.sh dataB"|batch
echo "/opt/product/bin/job.sh dataC"|batch
By default the jobs will not start unless the system load is under 1.5, but that load figure can be adjusted (and with 24 cores I'd say you should). They can run in parallel if they don't bump the loadavg over the load limit (1.5 default again), or if they individually bump the loadavg over 1.5, they will run in serial.
You can view the job queue with atq, and delete jobs with atrm
Answer dependencies:
Running atd daemon ( ps -ef|grep atd )
You are allowed to submit jobs to atd (not denied by /etc/at.deny//etc/at.allow configurations)
Functional sendmail MTA
Most systems have no problem with these requirements, but it's worthwhile to check.
| Is there a program that can send me a notification e-mail when a process finishes? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
This is the contents of the file /etc/aliases on my Debian (Wheezy) server, as it is:
# /etc/aliases
mailer-daemon: postmaster
postmaster: root
nobody: root
hostmaster: root
usenet: root
news: root
webmaster: root
www: root
ftp: root
abuse: root
noc: root
security: root
root: t
I noticed that, by default, my server sends emails from what looks like [email protected]. So, which one of the rules above governs this? postmaster: root?
So, the rules in /etc/aliases are used to assign users to specific departments? For example, all emails to be sent/received for abuse will be delivered from/to [email protected] (which would be the default email for root, unless there's an alias). Correct?
Can someone please explain what each of these is really meant for? -- mailer-daemon, postmaster, nobody, hostmaster, usenet, news, webmaster, www, ftp, abuse, noc, security, root.
I mean, a description like "mailer-daemon is for sending email delivery errors, but not really meant for receiving emails. security for where people should contact you about security issues", or something like that.
|
The /etc/aliases file is part of sendmail. It specifies which account mail sent to an alias should really be delivered to. For example, mail to the ftp account would be sent to root's mailbox in the configuration you show.
Multiple recipients can be specified as comma-separated lists, too.
Redirecting mail to users isn't all that can be done. Mail can be piped to programs, too, or simply directed into a file of your choice. The following would "bit-bucket" all mail for the user somebody:
somebody: /dev/null
Modifications to the /etc/aliases file are not complete until the newaliases command is run to build /etc/aliases.db. It is in this later form that sendmail actually uses.
| Understanding /etc/aliases and what it does |
1,334,958,379,000 |
When I try to log in to gmail with mutt, it flashes a quick Webalert with a url, something like accounts.gmail.com or something. It's too quick for me to see or copy it. Then it says Login failed.
Then I get an email from Gmail saying:
Google Account: sign-in attempt blocked
Hi Adam,
We recently blocked a sign-in attempt to your Google Account [[email protected]].
Sign in attempt details
Date & Time: Wednesday, December 10, 2014 11:55:21 PM UTC
Location: Utah, USA
If this wasn't you
Please review your Account Activity page at https://security.google.com/settings/security/activity to see if anything looks suspicious. Whoever tried to sign in to your account knows your password; we recommend that you change it right away.
If this was you
You can switch to an app made by Google such as Gmail to access your account (recommended) or change your settings at https://www.google.com/settings/security/lesssecureapps so that your account is no longer protected by modern security standards.
To learn more, see https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6010255.
Sincerely,
The Google Accounts team
I can go to the link and enable "Access for less secure apps" and then I can log in just fine, but is there a way to login with mutt without having to turn on this less secure option in Gmail?
Update:
I'm on mac os x Yosemite
When I run mutt -v, in the compile options, it does contain +USE_SSL_OPENSSL
I'm not using google 2-step verification
I'm not using an application specific password
Here are the messages that I get when I try to log in:
Reading imaps://imap.gmail.com:993/INBOX...
Looking up imap.gmail.com...
Connecting to imap.gmail.com...
TLSv1.2 connection using TLSv1/SSLv3 (ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256)
Logging in...
[WEBALERT https://accounts.google.com/ContinueSignIn?sarp=1&scc=1&plt=AKgnsbsm0P......
I found this answer, but it didn't work: https://stackoverflow.com/a/25209735/1665818
|
I finally got it to work by enabling Google 2-step verification and using an app-specific password for mutt.
More detail:
I enabled 2-step verification on my Google account, which means that when I log in to Google, I have to enter a pin number from either a text or from the Google Authenticator app.
Then I had to get an app-specific password for mutt. You can generate an app specific password here.
Then I used that app-specific password for logging into mutt instead of my normal password. And then I don't have to enter a pin number.
| Gmail blocking mutt |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I have problem with postfix on debian after upgrading from squeeze to wheezy.
Postfix was configured to sign messages using dkim-filter. Before update, everything was working flawlessly, now it fails on connection with service (tcp or unix sockets).
I thought that maybe it was because of debian switch to opendkim, so I removed dkim-filter and installed opendkim - same problem. I even tried setting unix file socket connection instead of tcp option - same problem:
postfix/smtpd: warning: connect to Milter service unix:/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock: No such file or directory
or (with tcp/ip):
postfix/cleanup: warning: connect to Milter service inet:localhost:8891: Connection refused
I checked twice - socket file exists and service was listening on port 8891.
What can I do to fix this?
|
Check if opendkim is running. (I assume it is as you saw the socket file.)
Did you configure opendkim? The configuration file is /etc/opendkim.conf.
You need to update the file to match your site/domain and dkim.key path.
Add postfix to opendkim group
If opendkim.sock permission is as follow
$ ls -l /var/run/opendkim
-rw-rw-r-- 1 opendkim opendkim 6 May 2 14:56 opendkim.pid
srwxrwxr-x 1 opendkim opendkim 0 May 2 14:56 opendkim.sock
If Not, make sure UMask is set to 0002 in /etc/opendkim.conf.
Then do the following
sudo adduser postfix opendkim
Postfix running in chroot
Modify /etc/default/opendkim, change SOCKET option to postfix chroot location
SOCKET="local:/var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock"
You will have to create directory /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim and change its permission
sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
sudo chown opendkim:opendkim /var/spool/postfix/var/run/opendkim
Restart opendkim
sudo service opendkim restart
| postfix/smtpd: warning: connect to Milter service unix:/var/run/opendkim/opendkim.sock: No such file or directory |
1,334,958,379,000 |
When I open up my terminal it says "you have mail", anyone has any idea of why? I am running OS X, but since it too is based on Unix and relies on files such as bashrc, bash_profile etc. I thought somebody here might know, and I'm not sure it's a platform specific problem!
|
It sounds like something has sent mail on (and to) the machine using the local mail exchanger. Most likely the email is an automated message from some installed package. Once you log in, type mail on the terminal to read and (presumably) delete the relevant mail. (Inside mail, use ? to find out what the commands are.) Once you've read or deleted any unread mail, you won't see the "You have mail" message again until/unless something else sends mail in the same way. Odds are once you know what's sending you the mail, you can find a configuration option to change where it sends it to.
| How to remove "You have mail" welcome message |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I really like the idea of Mutt, reading mail in the terminal. I'm not really pleased with some inconsistencies and the IMAP handling. I set about trying to find some alternatives to Mutt, but I can't seem to find any.
What alternatives to the Mutt e-mail client exist for the Linux terminal?
|
The obvious answer is Alpine, which used to be Pine, but was freed by the University of Washington. Pine is non-free software, Alpine is free software. Alpine is quite similar to Mutt, but Mutt is generally considered to be more powerful and flexible. The current active branch of Alpine is a fork called Re-Alpine, since the University of Washington has largely ceased development of Alpine as of 2008.
The Wikipedia pages on Pine and Alpine cover the history adequately.
I'd recommend trying to figure out your issues with Mutt instead of jumping to another mail client. Alpine inherits a polished user interface from Pine, but has some significant limitations and inflexibilities compared to Mutt. Therefore, you may find using it comes with its own problems.
Personally, I've used Pine since 1994, and switched to Alpine when that became available. I've thought over the years that I ought to be using Mutt instead, but never managed a successful transition.
Incidentally, IMAP was created by the late Mark Crispin, who used to work at the University of Washington developing IMAP. He was therefore also, unsurprisingly, responsible for Pine's IMAP support.
In the Pine credits he is listed thus:
C-Client library & IMAPd: Mark Crispin
| Are there any alternatives to Mutt? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I can't find any documentation on how postfix stores email. Where is it stored, and in what format? I'm using Ubuntu server 11
|
Probably /var/mail/[username] or the more traditional /var/spool/mail/[username]
The normal format, called "mbox", uses a line that starts with "From " to indicate the start of each message - this is one reason why many email clients will change "From " in the body of the message to ">From ". You can also configure it to use "maildir", in which /var/mail/[username] is a directory in which every email message is a file in that directory.
| Where does postfix store email? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
Is it possible in Mutt to search for specific mail content using built-in functionality? Or, as a last resort, how can I configure grep to be used in Mutt?
The documentation only mentions the search and limit functions, which only search headers.
|
search and limit can also actually search inside messages, depending on the search patterns you give. From the Patterns subsection of the Mutt reference:
~b EXPR messages which contain EXPR in the message body
=b STRING If IMAP is enabled, like ~b but searches for STRING on the server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally.
~B EXPR messages which contain EXPR in the whole message
=B STRING If IMAP is enabled, like ~B but searches for STRING on the server, rather than downloading each message and searching it locally.
That is, ~b only searches in the body, whereas ~B also searches in the headers.
Note that this can be quite slow, since it may have to download each message one by one if they are not already cached. If you have a mutt version greater or equal to 1.5.12, you can cache the ones you are downloading for later use by setting message_cachedir to a directory where you want to store message bodies, which can significantly speed up searching them (and the same for headers with header_cache).
| Search for mail content with Mutt |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I've had a cronjob working for about a fortnight without any problems.
Then last night I checked I didn't get the email that I usually get.
I went to the terminal to try send myself an email, I got the following error:
mail: cannot send message: process exited with a non-zero status
I haven't changed anything with my ssmtp cfg file. It just stopped working, when I check and recheck everything, the code, ssmtp, everything is perfect.
I send out my emails twice a day via cronjob. The crontab hasn't been interfered either. I really don't know why it would stop working.
The system sends out emails via gmail - I've gone into the gmail account and sent out test emails, they are sent and received without any problems.
Additionally I've checked throughout google, forums, websites I don't see any mistakes. This makes sense as everything was working fine 24 hours ago, and now it's just stopped.
Q: Is there any way of diagnosing and troubleshooting how to solve such a problem?
|
I have get the same problem in an Ubuntu 14.04 server. And I find error message in /var/log/mail.err, which said:
postfix/sendmail[27115]: fatal: open /etc/postfix/main.cf: No such file or directory
Then I just reconfigured postfix and solved this problem.
sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix
| mail: cannot send message: process exited with a non-zero status |
1,334,958,379,000 |
Is it possible to include an attachment with sendmail? I am generating the following emailfile.eml files with the following layout
From: Company Name <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
CC: [email protected]
Subject: Generated Output
Mime-Version: 1.0
This will be the body copy even though it's terrible
I am sending these emails using
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -t < emailfile.eml
This part is working file but I would like to include an attachment to this email.
|
Posting the solution that worked for me in case it can help anyone else, sorry it's so late.
The most reliable way I found for doing this was to include the attachment as base64 in the eml file itself, bellow is an example of the eml contents.
Note 01 : the base64 for the file comes from running the base64 command on linux using the attachment as an argument (should work with any base64 tool)
Note 02 : the string used for the boundary is just nonsense using the date and random upper case letters
Filename : emlfile.eml
From: Sender <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
CC: [email protected]
Disposition-Notification-To: [email protected]
Subject: Generic Subject
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="19032019ABCDE"
--19032019ABCDE
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline
Generic Body Copy
--19032019ABCDE
Content-Type: application;
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="MyPdfAttachment.pdf"
*base64 string goes here (no asterix)*
--19032019ABCDE--
Then the filename.eml file can be sent using the command and it will include the attachment
# /usr/sbin/sendmail -t < filename.eml
| Can sendmail include an attachment? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
While mutt has set sort = threads to show threaded, "conversation" style messages, it doesn't display one's own replies in the threads. Instead, you have to change to the Sent folder to see your own messages. Is there any way to display one's own replies where they belong inside threads?
|
I found that notmuch-mutt has some of the behavior I'm looking for. It defines a macro that looks at message-ids and can create a virtual folder to show an entire threaded conversation regardless of where each message lives. Out of the box it only works on search results. I'm not sure if the same behavior can be applied to regular mailboxes.
| How can I configure mutt to display my replies within threads? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
On my laptop, I have set up a cron that performs a weekly job. If there is something to report, I would like to get an e-mail for it. Right now I am using KMail as MUA which is able to read mail from the Maildir directory at ~/.local/share/local-mail. Thus, I want local mail to be delivered to that folder (with a Maildir structure).
I was hoping that a dead simple program already exist that has a sendmail interface (such that echo "$REPORT" | mail -s "$SUBJECT" "$ME" can work with it). Installing exim or forwarding mail to my remote mailserver is considered overkill.
The question Simplest way of forwarding all mail from server? seems to target remote forwarding which does not suit my needs (I need local delivery). This old Gentoo thread ended up in crafting an old script in Perl. Surely there must exist a well-thought, dead-simple program?
Any recommendations? I am using Arch Linux.
|
Since I could not find an existing, small program, I decided to write my own one. Originally, I came up with:
#!/bin/bash
# Simple sendmail
# filename per spec at http://cr.yp.to/proto/maildir.html
rand=$((RANDOM % 1000))
msgname=$(date +%s).P$$R$rand.$(hostname | tr '/:' '\057\072')
# Safety measure: do not overwrite existing mail
set -o noclobber
cat > ~peter/".local/share/local-mail/inbox/new/$msgname"
That worked... except if the user executing the script is not "peter". The successor of this idea is a "small" C program, femtomail. From its README:
femtomail - minimal MDA with Maildir support
femtomail is a minimal Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) for local mail. Mail
is accepted from standard input and placed in a Maildir box of a user.
This software is intended for use on a single-user machine.
Remote delivery, daemonizing, sender verification, etc. is not
implemented and won't be implemented due to its complexity. femtomail
is not written because mail software did not exist, but because
existing software were too large for the simple task of delivering
cron mail to the local user.
The workflow of femtomail:
Change the process user and group.
Create a new file with a unique filename in the mail directory.
Write a Received header to the file.
Pass data from standard input to the file.
Exit.
The source code and installation instructions are available at https://git.lekensteyn.nl/femtomail/.
| Minimal MTA that delivers mail locally (for cron)? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I'm receiving "You have mail" messages and according to How to remove “You have mail” welcome message I should read my mail with mail. However I cannot find the command in my system (Ubuntu 10.04 server). What do I need to install?
|
On Debian and derived distributions, you can use the apt-file command to search for a package containing a file. Install apt-file (apt-get install apt-file) and download its database (apt-file update, Ubuntu does it automatically if you're online). Then search for bin/mail:
apt-file -x search 'bin/mail$'
With the command-not-found package installed, if you type a command that doesn't exist but can be installed from the Ubuntu repositories, you get an informative message:
$ mail
The program 'mail' can be found in the following packages:
* heirloom-mailx
* mailutils
Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>
If you're not after mail specifically, but after any program to read your local mail from the command line, there are much better alternatives. All mail user agents provide the mail-reader virtual package, so browse the list of packages that provide mail-reader and install one or more that looks good to you (and doesn't use a GUI, if it's for a server).
mutt 's motto is “All mail clients suck. This one just sucks less.”, and I tend to agree, but in the end it's a very personal choice.
| What program do I use to check mail? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I am using the following command to create messages on the fly, and send them:
echo "Subject:Hello \n\n I would like to buy a hamburger\n" | sendmail [email protected]
It seems that when you send the information from a file, by doing something like:
sendmail [email protected] mail.txt
Then sendmail sees each line as a header, and parses it. But the way I sent it above, everything ends up in the subject line.
If one wants to echo a message complete with headers, into sendmail, then what is the format ? How does one do it ?
|
Your echo statement should really output newlines not the sequence \ followed by n. You can do that by providing the -e option:
echo -e "Subject:Hello \n\n I would like to buy a hamburger\n" | sendmail [email protected]
To understand what is the difference have a look at the output from the following two commands:
echo "Subject:Hello \n\n I would like to buy a hamburger\n"
echo -e "Subject:Hello \n\n I would like to buy a hamburger\n"
| What is the format for piping a message into sendmail? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
Which Linux tools help to backup and restore a IMAP mail account including all mail and subfolders?
I expect disconnects for large IMAP accounts because of
ressource limitiations on the server
risk of an interruption increases with the duration.
The software should be able to reconnect and continue the job after any interruption. For repeating backups it might be very handy to use incremental backups and to run the backup script in a cron job.
|
A 7 year old question, which I've searched for now, and there are a few answers, most of are spot on. But I feel at least one is missing, and there is probably room for more:
Timeline of answers:
Back in 2014 Mehmet mentioned imapsync
This is probably still the most focused solution maintained out there, as this is an active stream of revenue for the author Gilles Lamiral. The source is available, currently the latest code is on GitHub
Although not available as a distro package (like some of the other options), it does have an official docker-hub hosted image at gilleslamiral/imapsync. For more info see: https://imapsync.lamiral.info/INSTALL.d/Dockerfile
It seems someone also created a docker-image for the WebUI.
Back in 2017 Quarind mentioned imap-backup
This is a ruby based solution, it looks like it's still being maintained.
Back in 2021 Patrick Decat mentioned OfflineIMAP
offlineimap is Python2 based and not really maintained.
offlineimap3 is a Python3 based fork that is actively maintained
Available in most distros
My research led me to these additional options:
isync (the package name for the mbsync command)
Home page | Arch Wiki Page | Distro/Package availability
The packages below are available on Debian 11 (bullseye), but I don't know much about them yet:
imapcopy
Unmainted since ~2009
interimap
Still actively maintained at developer's website
mailsync
On SourceForge
mswatch
repo. Requires something to do the actual syncing.
vdirsyncer
site. Companion to other IMAP synchers, for syncing Calendar and Contacts.
Update 2022-05
Specifically for Gmail / Google Workspace mailboxes*:
* Not an IMAP solution, but might be related to somebody's search, so I feel it's worth mentioning
Got Your Back
Gmvault GitHub
As I learn more I'll update this, as I'm actively looking for a solution myself.
| Backup and restore IMAP mail account with (open source) Linux tools |
1,334,958,379,000 |
Whats the difference between mail and mailx?
I'm trying to troubleshoot a problem where I can send mail from server A with this echo $MESSAGE | mail -s "$SUBJECT" -r $FROM $RECIPIENTS command but executing the same command from server B throws me this error (Both servers are RHEL)
mail: invalid option -- r
Usage: mail [-iInv] [-s subject] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] to-addr ...
[-- sendmail-options ...]
mail [-iInNv] -f [name]
mail [-iInNv] [-u user]
Now... going through mail manpages to ty to understand whats happening, man mail gives me this:
In Server A
MAILX(1) User Commands MAILX(1)
NAME
mailx - send and receive Internet mail
SYNOPSIS
mailx [-BDdEFintv~] [-s subject] [-a attachment ] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] [-r from-addr] [-h hops]
[-A account] [-S variable[=value]] to-addr . . .
mailx [-BDdeEHiInNRv~] [-T name] [-A account] [-S variable[=value]] -f [name]
mailx [-BDdeEinNRv~] [-A account] [-S variable[=value]] [-u user]
But in server B
MAIL(1) BSD General Commands Manual MAIL(1)
NAME
mail - send and receive mail
SYNOPSIS
mail [-iInv] [-s subject] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] to-addr... [-- sendmail-options...]
mail [-iInNv] -f [name]
mail [-iInNv] [-u user]
Now... if I try man mailx in server B I get:
MAILX(P) POSIX Programmerâs Manual MAILX(P)
PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmerâs Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ
(consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be imple-
mented on Linux.
NAME
mailx - process messages
SYNOPSIS
Send Mode
mailx [-s subject] address...
Receive Mode
mailx -e
mailx [-HiNn][-F][-u user]
mailx -f[-HiNn][-F][file]
Server B has a different version of mail than Server A? Mailx and Mail are different things? I would like to use the -r option I use in server A but in server B and I don't really know whats happening.
|
Behold the confusing history of mail, nail, mailx.
Briefly, mail is the older program, mailx (formerly nail in some implementations) is a newer version , with an extended mostly-but-not-totally-compatible interface.
mailx is still quite old, created around 1986 and standarized as part of POSIX in 1992. There are several implementations (even in modern Linuxes), and some provide
extensions to the standard.
The -r option is one such extension. Depending on your Linux distribution, and the mail package you have installed, you might or not have that option. See eg here.
If you want to write portable scripts, it's better not to rely on it.
| Difference between mail and mailx? [duplicate] |
1,334,958,379,000 |
How should one open .eml files in linux ? I'm not sure if mutt can handle it ?
UPDATE
I worked it out partially , by creating a new mailbox:
mkdir -p a/{cur,tmp,new}
And place the eml file in a/cur , I could read it with:
mutt -f
But that's not exactly what I want yet
|
mutt doesn't seem able to open individual messages. What you can do is convert the .eml file into an mbox folder containing a single message. This basically involves adding a From line at the top, which can be done using formail -b:
formail -b < themessage.eml > themessage.mbox
This can then be opened within mutt using change-folder (default key c).
| Opening .eml files with mutt |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I have set up a backup script to back up world data on my Minecraft server hourly using cron, but because the worlds being constantly edited by players, tar was telling me that files changed while they were read. I added --ignore-command-error to the tar in the script and that suppresses any errors when I run it manually, however cron still sends a mail message saying that files were changed while being read, and ends up flooding my mail because it's run once an hour. Anyone know how to fix this? This is the script:
filename=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
cd /home/minecraft/Server/
for world in survival survival_nether survival_the_end creative superflat
do
if [ ! -d "/home/minecraft/backups/$world" ]; then
mkdir /home/minecraft/backups/$world
fi
find /home/minecraft/backups/$world -mtime +1 -delete
tar --ignore-command-error -c $world/ | nice -n 10 pigz -9 > /home/minecraft/backups/$world/$filename.tar.gz
done
|
Cron will attempt to send an email with any output that may have occurred when the command was run. From cron's man page:
When executing commands, any output is mailed to the owner of the
crontab (or to the user specified in the MAILTO environment variable
in the crontab, if such exists). Any job output can also be sent to
syslog by using the -s option.
So to disable it for a specific crontab entry just capture all of the commands output and either direct it to a file or to /dev/null.
30 * * * * notBraiamsBackup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
| Stop cron sending mail for backup script? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I am a graduate student and a relative Linux novice. This question is a sort of spin-off of my earlier question. My institution has a Ubuntu Linux cluster. I am just a user; I do not have sysadmin permissions, and I certainly do not have the expertise to be a sysadmin!
My question is, how do I find my local mail spool? As far as I know, I am not using a mail transfer agent. Answers to my previous question suggested that I look for a file /var/spool/mail/$USER, but unfortunately, I do not see a file corresponding to my user name. In /var/spool/mail/, using ls I only see two files: nobody and www-data, which are both extensionless files.
Do you have any other ideas of where I can look for my mail spool (which is probably local, since I do not have a mail transfer agent configured, as far as I know)?
|
Mail spools are typically under here:
/var/spool/mail/$USER
Where $USER is your username. For example on my Fedora Linux system:
$ ls -l /var/spool/mail/
total 1908
-rw-------. 1 root root 1943163 Jul 13 12:00 root
-rw-rw----. 1 rpc mail 0 Dec 18 2010 rpc
-rw-rw----. 1 saml mail 689 Jul 12 19:38 saml
Mail spools however are not necessarily local. If you do not have this file then your mail is being maintained on another server. You can either interact with this server using protocols such as IMAP or POP3.
It is on this system where your mail spool is being maintained.
In some environments the mail spool can be shared out as part of a user's home directory, often times in a directory called mail ($HOME/mail). Other times it can be shared out as its own share under something like /mail/users/$USER.
It really depends on how the sysadmins within a given environment choose to do so.
| How can I find my local mail spool? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I get the error while running a script which tries to send emails.
send-mail: warning: inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address family not supported by protocol
send-mail: warning: inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only
postdrop: warning: inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address family not supported by protocol
postdrop: warning: inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only
Could anyone say what is the issue, do I require some permission?
|
You don't have IPv6 configured in your OS's network stack, but your mailer (presumably postfix) is configured to use IPv6. Since there is no IPv6 for your mailer to use, it's warning you that it's only going to use IPv4. From the postfix readme:
if you see error messages like the following, then you're running Linux and need to turn on IPv6 in the kernel: see http://www.ipv6.org/ for hints and tips. Unlike other systems, Linux does not have a combined stack for IPv4 and IPv6, and IPv6 protocol support is not loaded by default.
postconf: warning: inet_protocols: IPv6 support is disabled: Address family not supported by protocol
postconf: warning: inet_protocols: configuring for IPv4 support only
| "IPv6 support is disabled" warnings |
1,334,958,379,000 |
How can I only receive emails from cron if there are errors?
In the overwhelmingly vast majority of cases, the tasks will run just fine - and I truly do not care about the output.
It is only in the rare case of a failure that I want/need to know.
I have procmail available - but am not sure if what I'm describing is possible to manage externally to cron "correctly".
|
As you are not caring for the output, you can redirect the STDOUT of a job to /dev/null and let the STDERR being send via mail (using MAILTO environment variable).
So, for example:
...
...
[email protected]
...
...
* * * * * /my/script.sh >/dev/null
will send mail when there is output only on STDERR (with the STDERR), and will discard the STDOUT.
This of course assumes that when a program has written on STDERR, has failed; this might not be always the case. If you have control over the program, you can make it do so. For any complex case, you should write a wrapper of some kind that runs the command(s) and send mail accordingly. And put the wrapper as the cron job.
| Disable cron emails unless there are errors? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
When I view a message in the pager mutt displays the time in the Date header in UTC rather than my local time zone. The index view displays the local time correctly. I found this old mailing list post that describes how to get the local time to display in the status bar at the bottom of the screen, but this still doesn't "fix" the time in the Date header at the top of the screen. Is there any way to get the pager to convert the Date header time to local time?
|
In your .muttrc add the following line:
set display_filter="exec sed -r \"s/^Date:\\s*(([F-Wa-u]{3},\\s*)?[[:digit:]]{1,2}\\s+[A-Sa-y]{3}\\s+[[:digit:]]{4}\\s+[[:digit:]]{1,2}:[[:digit:]]{1,2}(:[[:digit:]]{1,2})?\\s+[+-][[:digit:]]{4})/date +'Date: %a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' -d '\\1'/e\""
This will change the Date: header in the message (for display only) to your local timezone if the header contained a valid RFC formatted date. If the provided date format was incorrect (we are dealing with untrusted user input after all) it will be preserved. To combat a possible attempt to inject the shell code through the header the sed pattern implements a whitelist based on RFC 5322 (this RFC defines the format of the Date: field).
Note that mutt limits the command line to be no more than 255 character long, hence I optimised the original sed command that had stricter whitelist to fit into 255 bytes. If you plan to do other things with the message, then the full sed command you can put in a script is:
sed -r "s/^Date:\s*(((Mon|Tue|Wed|Thu|Fri|Sat|Sun),\s*)?[[:digit:]]{1,2}\s+(Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec)\s+[[:digit:]]{4}\s+[[:digit:]]{1,2}:[[:digit:]]{1,2}(:[[:digit:]]{1,2})?\s+[+-][[:digit:]]{4})/date +'Date: %a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z' -d '\1'/e"
| How do I configure mutt to display the date header in my local time zone in the pager? |
1,334,958,379,000 |
I can send email from my gmail account by ssmtp in Linux now. But how can I attach files to the email?
|
To send an attachment, you need to encode the message using MIME.
You could use Mutt
mutt -s SUBJECT -a ATTACHMENT_FILE_1 ATTACHMENT_FILE_2 -- EMAIL_ADDRESS < MESSAGE_FILE
or mpack
mpack -s SUBJECT -D MESSAGE_FILE ATTACHMENT_FILE EMAIL_ADDRESS
See also:
How do I send a file as an email attachment using Linux command line?
How to send mail from the command line?
Sending email with attachments on UNIX systems
| How can I send attachment with ssmtp in Linux? |
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