date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
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1,337,779,039,000 |
If you try to run a random perf binary that does not match your currently running Linux kernel, it says:
$ perf
WARNING: perf not found for kernel 4.13.0-45
Of course, if I get the perf for this version, it works.
Looking at some popular resources like Linux perf Examples and the Perf wiki I couldn't find the answer ... |
perf and the kernel are tied fairly closely together, in fact perf is part of the kernel source code. At heart you should think of it as a kernel-specific tool; but packaging practice and requirements in Linux distributions means users end up thinking of it as a “standard” tool.
There is no special perf-private interf... | Why 'perf' needs to match the exact running Linux kernel version? |
1,337,779,039,000 |
I was on CentOS 7.3 on x86_64 using perf compiled on the system itself from Kernel 4.13.7 source. It worked without any issue and was able to profile whichever application I wanted to.
For some reason, system crashed and I had to re-configure it. I am back on CentOS 7.3 with same kernel as it was before i.e. 3.10. Now... |
I solved this issue by re-installing Intel Parallel Studio XE which configures different performance library that I need. New install also configured libiomp5.so library, which wasn't configured with earlier install.
Then adding path to this library in /etc/ld.so.conf and running sudo ldconfig solved the issue.
Hopefu... | Perf Error While Loading Shared Libraries |
1,337,779,039,000 |
I have an application which normally reports (time command reports):
real 1.59
user 1.42
sys 4.73
But when I load a shared library and run it then the time goes up quite high (time command reports):
real 28.51
user 106.22
sys 5.23
While a certain level of increase (2 to 4 times is reported on CentOS and Ubuntu -- wh... |
This appears to say that CPU is idle for plenty of time.
Yes. Namely 87 % of all the time. But it does not mean that the processor does not work on other tasks and processes.
664,852,184,198 cycles:u # 2.604 GHz (50.03%)
19,323,811,463 stalled-cycles-fronte... | Understanding the CPU time spent by process in user/kernel space |
1,337,779,039,000 |
perf list shows a bunch of what it calls metrics. The list starts off with
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):
Metrics:
BAClear_Cost
[Average Branch Address Clear Cost (fraction of cycles)]
C2_Pkg_Residency
[C2 residency percent per package]
C3_Core_Residency
[C3 residency perce... |
You are right. It looks like using the flag -M should do the job. In your example, you used -M IPL, I'm not sure what IPL stands for. If you meant Instruction Level Parallelism, it should be ILP. So try using -M ILP
| how to use metrics with perf stat |
1,506,096,633,000 |
Running Fedora 26 in a live environment almost feels like native speed to me, but when I install the OS to a thumb drive and boot into it, everything takes forever to startup. Once things start they're generally much faster but it's practically unusable.
Is this considered normal?
|
It has to do with how they operate.
For a regular installation to a flash drive, you're limited by USB bandwidth, so unless you have a good USB 3.0 device, you're stuck at about 20MB/s (which is equivalent to traditional hard drives from around the late '90s). All changes get written to the device too, so you are sha... | Why is an OS installed on a USB thumb drive so much slower than a live OS running off the same thumb drive? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
All of the information I currently find on this matter is insufficient for my taste. It is either outdated, misleading or even wrong, seems overly complicated or not covering this specific question.
Goals:
bootable USB drive (both UEFI and legacy BIOS supported)
(based on) live Debian 9 (stretch), or buster or bullse... |
Note that the following stopped working for Debian bookworm (reasons below).
Here is a way to create a Debian live USB drive with persistence. It will allow to install the missing packages which will from then on be available on every live boot using the persistence. Because we re-create the live ISO image filesystem ... | UEFI + BIOS bootable live Debian stretch/buster/bullseye amd64 with persistence |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I would like to be able to save my current environment in a file (for a running interactive session), so that I can:
Save it, export/modify/delete variables at will in the running session, then restore the saved environment
Switch at will between multiple environment
Detect differences between two environment
I am o... |
POSIXly, you can do:
# save
export -p > saved-env
...
# restore
blacklisted () {
case $1 in
PWD|OLDPWD|SHELL|STORAGE|-*) return 0 ;;
*) return 1 ;;
esac
}
eval '
export() {
blacklisted "${1%%=*}" || unset -v "${1%%=*}"
}
'"$(export -p)"
export() {
blacklisted "${1%%=*}" || command export "$@... | How to store / load exported environment variables to / from a file |
1,506,096,633,000 |
For the last six years, my main workstation has consisted of a pen drive running the Debian Live images with a persistent partition. The images were simple, brilliant and reliable, and the online web builder for images was perfect for my use.
Recently I was looking to update my core system and discovered that Debian ... |
I eventually used the live-build tools in Debian itself to build a custom image on a separate Debian system. I discovered that using the hdd option to build a binary that consists of separate files (as opposed to an ISO image), and then copying that to the pen drive and setting up Grub legacy on the pen drive, works ... | Alternatives to Debian Live for persistent Debian system on USB |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I'm installing multiple operating systems on a usb drive I recently purchased for this purpose and was wondering how to create a usb drive with multiple persistent OS's that will be linux based and have a capacity > 4gb of the casper-rw file and was wondering 1. if this was possible (I have read from 1 source that it ... |
You may want to check Easy2Boot. It's the most versatile and probably also best-documented tool for multiboot things. Specifically, it supports in particular
Boot multiple linux ISOs each with separate persistence files
[in addition, the author is also pretty helpful and really responsive even for in-depth questions... | how to create multiboot usb w/ persistence for multiple OS |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I've just read about iptables-persistent and I'm completely lost w.r.t. the design. I'm not the only one, who didn't understand how it works, but actually it seems to be way beyond my imagination.
I imagined something like crontab -e: You edit a set of rules and they get persisted and applied when the editor gets clos... |
In general, you can edit the active iptables rules for IPv4 with a text editor by using the iptables-save command to write the rules to a file and then using the iptables-restore command to reload the new rules after you're done, e.g.:
user@host:~$ iptables-save > rules.v4
user@host:~$ vim rules.v4
user@host:~$ iptabl... | Persistent iptables |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have my USB stick setup using Easy2Boot. It allows me to drop ISO files onto the USB drive and boot from there no config or tweaking needed.
I have been doing research on making it persistent. I have found that you can use a file or a partition called casper-rw.
It has info on how to use the file, but my question is... |
ISO files cannot be mounted and then written to. ISO 9660 is a read-only file system.
So you'd need to situate a casper-rw file (it's a single file with a filesystem within too) in a location that's physically on the USB drive.
Making a writable filesystem
The Pendrive Linux website shows some details on how to go ab... | How to use casper-rw file for persistence |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have been fiddling with power management and I can't find a way to make the changes I want persistent. For example, I have set the maximum cpu frequency with this command:
sudo cpupower frequency-set --max 2GHz
but the value goes back to its original value on every reboot. Is there a standard way to make this chang... |
The Arch Wiki page on CPU frequency scaling suggests a couple of different ways to make changes performed in cpupower persistent.
One of those, as you mentioned, is adding a kernel module. But there are other simpler options that should be easier. The simpler is just to enable cpufreq's systemd service, as suggested ... | Making cpupower changes persistent |
1,506,096,633,000 |
The dmsetup snapshot documentation says:
<persistent?> is P (Persistent) or N (Not persistent - will not survive
after reboot). O (Overflow) can be added as a persistent store option
to allow userspace to advertise its support for seeing "Overflow" in the
snapshot status. So supported store types are "P", "PO" and ... |
There is a difference between the data in the first block of a persistent vs transient dmsetup snapshot device:
Given these devices:
$ losetup
NAME SIZELIMIT OFFSET AUTOCLEAR RO BACK-FILE DIO
/dev/loop1 0 0 0 0 /home/var/ravi/tmp/issue/snap-dev 0
/dev/loop0 ... | dmsetup: Where is persistent metadata stored? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I'm on a laptop with intermittent internet connectivity. (i.e. I sometimes don't have network for a week.) I want the output of a process on my laptop to end up on my server. It all needs to get there, eventually, through SSH, and without me having to think about it.
How can I do this?
Test-case
# print current dat... |
Save output to local file, then rsync --partial --append on that file to keep pushing it up to the server?
| How do I ensure all data to an SSH pipe is sent, despite lengthy disconnects? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I created a persistent Debian 9 live usb. The persistence is configured with / union. An unexpected consequence, although obvious in hindsight, is the system lags on non-cached reads:
holmes@bakerst:~$ # WRITE to disk
holmes@bakerst:~$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024; sync
1024+0 records in
1024+0 recor... |
Get a faster USB 3 pendrive, or maybe even a USB SSD :-)
You can easily improve reading from the image of the iso file (after a slow start), put all the content of the squash file system into RAM with the boot option toram, but I don't think it is easy or meaningful to do that with the content of the file/partition f... | Speed up persistent live usb disk operations |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I'm wondering how I can persist my perfect configured desktop system.
I have
- installed a fresh new debian
- installed all my applications and tools I need (from vim to eclipse)
- override my systems bashrc/-.profile etc
- installed and configured my wm (fluxbox and themes)
So now this was a lot of work and Im lookin... |
If you did it correctly then all your changes are in your $HOME. Just copy that $HOME folder around and your done.
If you don't want to copy the entire folder then ~/.local/config is a good place to start, but your better off just copying over the entire folder.
| Save a perfect configured desktop |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I am trying to determine whether rules put in place using tc persist beyond a reboot (I do not believe they do by default), and whether there is any way to cause them to persist, or if the best you can do is to re-execute the commands at boot in order to put them in place again.
Also: how/where do these rules get pers... |
Consolidating comments into an answer
Based on comments from @dirkt and @berndbausch, it seems like the bottomline is:
There is no tc-specific way of persisting rules that are put in place using tc. The specifics of how to do so the Right Way will vary depending on your distro, but it will come down to re-running the ... | Can TC rules persist beyond a reboot? Where? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have a virtual server running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS x64 and I want to create a persistent process that restarts with the system and when it crashes.
To do that, I've added the following lines to the "inittab" in the etc-directory:
test:5:respawn:echo "HELLO TEST" > /test.log
sometestname:234:/var/path/to/process/myproces... |
You can use crontab. Crontab can start a process every minute, the process should check if it is already running and exit if it is. http://linux.die.net/man/1/crontab
| Create persistent process without inittab |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have a working liveboot usb, with persistence. It has two partitions, one being the actual os, the other containing an image file that is the persistence.
The desired result is a live usb with one partition, and in the root of that partition is an image that is mounted read only to /home. This is so I can easily sw... |
The solution I got working was in fact to us fstab, but the important bit is using aufs, as explained here.
Final fstab looks like
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
/lib/live/mount/medium/home.img /mnt/homeRO ext4 ro,auto ... | Debian live-build mounting /home |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I need a very lightweight, and I found Tiny Core Linux, which I installed following this guide, but I have several problems, related to adding SysVinit (in which is based) startup scripts:
Anything I write in /etc/init.d/ is lost after reboot
There are no /etc/rcX.d/ directories for the different runlevels.
I tried ... |
I found myself a solution for this.
Tiny Core Linux has a different persistence style, the kernel and the root fs are always load from the default safe version, all the changes have to be applied in other way.
In this way, I found a script in /mnt/vda1/opt/bootlocal.sh that suggests adding other system startup command... | Tiny Core: startup script and persistence |
1,506,096,633,000 |
Say you run an executable file in this way:
$ echo <params> | <process>
If process is not run as a pipe, then you type $ process & and it will stay running. What is needed in the command line above to launch process persistently?
Update:
More precisely, w3mimgdisplay can be run as a persistent process, that's how w3m... |
It seems you need named pipes:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/449132/why-use-a-named-pipe-instead-of-a-file
Basically, you create a named pipe, run the process which gets input from the named pipe, and then pass whatever you want TO the named pipe for it to be processed by the process.
For example:
mkfifo /tmp/namedp... | How to launch a pipe as a persistent process |
1,506,096,633,000 |
For my particular use case, I liked to use docker-compose up to provide retry logic for a couple of apps.
When shifting gears and pivoting to easy to use CDN infrastructure, it seems as if running shell commands to start everything up in a single docker container will be simpler.
However, the only thing I have found t... |
You can use systemd
Create a file for example /etc/systemd/system/yourapplication.service
[Unit]
Description=Your Super application
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
StartLimitIntervalSec=500
StartLimitBurst=5
[Service]
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
Exec... | BASH/Linux: Always Up or Retry a command? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have installed Debian Live onto a USB drive and am wondering how to now create a persistence so that updates and other file are not wiped at reboot. I have looked at How to create a Debian Live USB with persistence, but it is talking about Debian on Linux.
I install Debian with the Universal USB Installer
|
Check out the Debian Live manual, especially the Using the space left on a USB stick and the Persistence sections, which explain creating a new partition and using it for persistence. Above links for the stable version in English, other combinations are also available from the project page (now redirect to the new hom... | Debian create live persistence through Windows |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I have installed Linux Mint on USB pendrive with universal usb installer. I have also specified size of the file for persistance during installation. Is it possible to access data stored on this file without running the system?
|
A little longer answer ...
Yes, you can loop mount the file for persistence, when the pendrive is connected to another Linux system. But Windows refuses to 'see' Linux file systems (there is probably an ext2, ext3 or ext4 file system).
sudo mkdir /mnt/lp1 # do this only once in your other Linux system
sudo mount -o ... | How to access persistent data from Linux installation on USB pendrive? |
1,506,096,633,000 |
I want to make a persistent live boot in which I can store my data on a debian iso booted from a hard drive. So I downloaded debian-live (here), modified the grub entry to be able to boot into the live-system:`
menuentry "Debian modified" {
set iso_path="/live-boot/debian-live.iso"
export iso_path
loopback loop ... |
Original advice
You can use mkusb to create a persistent live drive from the current Debian live iso files.
mkusb-dus and select 'dus-persistent'
This 'classic mkusb' method creates partition table and several partitions. See details at this link and that link.
mkusb-plug and select 'persistent' (or in mkusb-sedd '-... | Persistent Debian Live HDD |
1,635,474,964,000 |
After upgrading from PulseAudio to PipeWire my sound devices now feature the "Pro Audio" profile however I've Googled for it and haven't found anything interesting. You can find it by running PulseAudio Volume Control and see it under the Configuration tab for your devices.
Would be nice if someone could, I don't know... |
The Pro Audio profile provides "raw device access with the
maximum number of channels and no mixer controls" (from the release notes with the feature).
Based on the code creating this profile, it looks like it adds direct mappings from each PCM device provided by ALSA to a corresponding input or output channel in Pipe... | The "Pro Audio" profile in PipeWire for audio devices / sound cards |
1,635,474,964,000 |
In Fedora 35, WirePlumber has replaced pipewire-media-session as the audio session manager. There is a highly annoying problem with audio on many built-in soundcards on Linux where the audio sink is suspended after nothing is played for 3 seconds. Upon resuming playback after 3 seconds have passed, audio is delayed or... |
The relevant configuration file is /usr/share/wireplumber/main.lua.d/50-alsa-config.lua, but don't edit the system version of it!
You need to copy it into /etc/wireplumber/main.lua.d/ (global config) or ~/.config/wireplumber/main.lua.d/ (user config) and make the necessary changes.
The easiest way is to copy it into t... | How do I disable audio sink suspend on idle using WirePlumber in Fedora 35 so that audio isn't delayed when starting playback? |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I recently installed Fedora 36. I have a script that plays certain sound files.
The script was used under Ubuntu 20.04 before, showing the expected behaviour.
Inside the script, I use the following command:
paplay --volume=65536 -d alsa_output.pci-0000_33_00.6.HiFi__hw_Generic_1__sink ~/soundfiles/notification.wav
On... |
I had the same issue but found this thread, and switched to pw-play. I realized something like this snippet works as expected:
pw-play --volume=0.5 ~/soundfiles/notification.wav
| paplay: --volume option does not take effect |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I'm currently trying to move from Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS to Debian 12, and everything is so much more stable and reliable here. But there is one problem:
My Airpods Pro (Generation 2) don't really work. Let me elaborate.
With stock settings, they cannot connect at all, so I added this line to the bluetooth config file (/e... |
Experienced the same issue.
Was able to resolve it thanks to this reddit forum. The issue is related to the AAC codecs, which aren't included in PipeWire by default due to licensing issues which prevented the owners from actually compiling the implementation, even though it is still in the official repository.
You can... | Bluetooth Issues with Airpods Pro 2 on Debian 12 |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I'm running Debian 12 with pipewire installed. However the moment I remove pulseaudio and install pipewire, KDE system sounds (like volume change, critical battery alert...) no longer play. I have even tried with pipewire-pulse, but nothing changed.
I have installed pipewire according to the Debian documentation. Here... |
Changing sound servers under linux is likely to confuse KDE-Plasma's pre-selection of the preferred devices / associated gain… for audio/video playback/recording.
If running KDE-5 < 5.17, resort to the phonon dialog app (either found under the global menu or firing /usr/bin/phononsettings under konsole)
Then reorganiz... | No system sounds on KDE plasma when using pipewire |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I've been going down the i3wm road of pain and can't for the life of me understand how to change the output device with cli commands.
Setup:
Using i3-gaps (Base Distro is Garuda Linux)
pipewire is the audio provider
When using pavucontrol I can switch between my Headphones and Speakers as the output port but can't se... |
Found a solution and wrote a short script for it
if [[ $(pactl list | grep "Active Port: analog-output") == *"headphones"* ]]; then
pactl set-sink-port 0 analog-output-lineout
else
pactl set-sink-port 0 analog-output-headphones
fi
Also added this to my i3config:
bindsym F6 exec --no-startup-id sh ~/path/to/sc... | Having trouble using cli to switch between playback devices with pipewire |
1,635,474,964,000 |
Recently I'm having sound issues on Fedora 35. After booting I don't have any sound.
The output of sudo fuser -v /dev/snd/* is:
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/snd/controlC0: root 1036 f.... alsactl
iljarotar 2160 F.... wireplumber
iljarotar ... |
IF YOU WANT REVERT TO PURE PULSEAUDIO
1/ disable the service
systemctl --user disable wireplumber.service
2/ mask the service for dependency activation - mask is to prevent any kind of activation, even manual...
systemctl --user mask wireplumber.service
3/ & stop for current session if we want not use it before rest... | Disable wireplumber.service and autostart pulseaudio |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I'm trying to play VR games on my Oculus Quest 2 via Air Link. This is done using a free source code software called ALVR. I was able to connect by headset to this software with no much problems at all, except the audio part.
After some effort, I was able to make it run using a virtual sink created by ALVR with Pipewi... |
Helvum is not persistent with connections.
Use qpwgraph.
Make your connections, then click on ''activate'and ''exclusive'' and then - THIS IS IMPORTANT- use the 'patchbay' tab to save .
Qpwgraph should save your set up and connect correctly when sources come and go.
You can either have all the sources you might use ru... | Pipewire: autoconnect all audio sources to jack sink (instead of manually doing it with Helvum) |
1,635,474,964,000 |
Volume for individual streams (applications) keeps defaulting (being reset) to 46% (0.46), whenever applications are closed and reopened.
This is independent to the internal volume control to whatever application (Chrome, mpv, etc.), which are all at 100%.
wpctl get-volume 81
Volume: 0.46
wpctl get-volume 84
Volume: ... |
Fixed in wireplumber 0.5.3.
Bug report: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/wireplumber/-/issues/655
| Why is default volume for individual streams being ignored? (wireplumber / pipewire) |
1,635,474,964,000 |
I am on Debian 12 / SWAY desktop which is WLR based.
I first install the "OBS Studio" version 29.0 with:
┌───┐
│ $ │ ziga > ziga--workstation > ~
└─┬─┘ /dev/pts/4
└─> sudo apt install obs-studio
"OBS Studio" can now be started with terminal command:
┌───┐
│ $ │ ziga > ziga--workstation > ~
└─┬─┘ /dev/pts/4
└─>... |
Of all the "portals" we only have to install xdg-desktop-portal-wlr:
sudo apt install xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-wlr
Note:
"Portal" xdg-desktop-portal-gnome is very large and will also install an entire Gnome desktop! So do not install this one unkless you use Gnome. In this case it will not make a differ... | Using OBS studio on Sway with Pipewire |
1,635,474,964,000 |
Good evening!
I'm trying to create a streaming setup for me and my buddies to hang out via Skype and I'm really struggling with the audio part. There are two problems :
The microphone only transmits on the left channel. I would like for my microphone to be transmitted to both audio channels. For this, according to th... |
Of course, once you formulate your own question, it sort of gives you an idea of what to look out for. First of all, I needed to create two virtual devices which will serve as a base of operations. This file will be named ~/.config/pipewire/pipewire.conf.d/10-coupled-skype-stream.conf . How did I come to that conclusi... | Chaining pipewire sinks for a streaming setup |
1,635,474,964,000 |
Give these two commands, the command for set-sink-mute turns on the muted light on my keyboard for audio
pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle
pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle
But set-source-mute does not turn on the microphone mute light. Is there a way to fix this.
I'm using an Lenovo ThinkPad X1... |
I feel like this should be a function of sof. But I could be totally wrong here. Filed an issue anyway on it,
https://github.com/thesofproject/sof/issues/8195
If it should be filed elsewhere, I'll take it elsewhere. But the sound driver should know when the source volume is 0, and it should be able to trigger a light ... | How can I activate my keyboard's microphone mute light when using set-source-mute? |
1,681,738,876,000 |
Since upgrading a Macbook Air (2012) from Ubuntu 22.04 to 22.10 which replaced PulseAudio with Pipewire and Wireplumber I can't seem to get any sound through the built-in speakers, and the audio seems to be constantly routed to the headphones jack no matter what. Even the DisplayPort/HDMI output doesn't output any sou... |
This problem is solved by following the instructions in an existing answer.
In /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf replace
options snd-hda-intel model=generic
with
# options snd-hda-intel model=generic
options snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1
When doing this I also noticed that the first line existed only as a result of a prev... | Sound always routed through headphones jack with Pipewire |
1,681,738,876,000 |
I see that with audio servers (in my case, pipewire) you can alter the "latency". (please forgive me, I am not very knowledgeable with these things.)
PIPEWIRE_LATENCY="128/48000"
The Arch Linux wiki described this as "request[ing] a custom buffer size".
I was wondering, is there a "downside" to setting the latency rea... |
When the buffer is small, It fills up more quickly and empties out more quickly. This is why the latency shrinks.
However, the processes that put data into the buffer and take data out of the buffer will be triggered more often. So you may see higher consumption of your computer's CPU by the audio software when you ... | Downside of decreasing audio latency |
1,681,738,876,000 |
Currently, I do not think my PulseAudio shim for PipeWire is working. When I run pactl info, I'm getting a "Connection refused" error,
$ pactl info
Connection failure: Connection refused
pa_context_connect() failed: Connection refused
When I try to run pavumixer, I get
Establishing connection to PulseAudio. Please w... |
Make sure you have wireplumber
First make sure you follow the directions on the Debian testing wiki for setting up PulseAudio. Note you do not want to pipewire-media-session. Make sure that's totally gone (taking one command from the wiki),
apt install wireplumber pipewire-media-session-
Confirm service is running
Ma... | How can I configure PipeWire for PulseAudio comparability? |
1,681,738,876,000 |
One time when I rebooted my computer, suddenly, the audio won't change and the audio settings only say No output or input devices found. I have replaced pulseaudio with pipewire, but it stilled worked after a reboot following the replacement.
When using kmix and rebooting again, the audio can be changed, but the audio... |
Apparently, I had PULSE_SERVER="" in my /etc/environment file. I removed that line and rebooted. Then, everything worked.
| Cannot change volume or access audio settings in KDE Plasma suddenly |
1,681,738,876,000 |
With pulseaudio, it was easy to load a module for microphone noise reduction.
This link explains it clearly:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/18958/realtime-noise-removal-with-pulseaudio
I want to add rnnoise as a plugin of pipewire to cancel the noise of the microphone for all users.
I'm looking for a minimalist solut... |
I have found a way to load rnnoise as a pipewire plugin for all users.
Step 1:
On this page you can download the rnnoise drivers compiled for X86 linux. This is not the last version of rnnoise. If you want the latest version, i think you have to perform compilation by yourself from the official github repo.
Step 2:
In... | Reducing microphone noise using pipewire modules |
1,681,738,876,000 |
For this problem, I had trouble with getting bb to work with pipewire. Executing the command pasuspender -- env PULSE_SERVER= bb returns Failure to suspend: No such entity.
How do I enable bb with sound when using pipewire?
|
Add PULSE_SERVER= to /etc/environment and reboot. The problem is solved as the variable PULSE_SERVER is not even set in the environment variables.
| Cannot enable sound with bb even with pasuspender |
1,681,738,876,000 |
I have installed Debian 12.5.0 (i386) on an old Sony laptop (VAIO VGN-FS742/W), using the netinst ISO.
There is an issue with the audio: A repeating crackling sound when no sound is playing.
That crackling sound disappear during any audio play (VLC, browser, …) and comes back after the audio stops.
But that annoying s... |
I had the same problem with the same chipset, adding
snd_hda_intel.power_save=0
to the kernel command line solved it. Basically, what seemed to happen for me was that the sound chip got powered down, but the headphone amplifier wasn't, then amplifying the noise picked up by the lines that weren't properly terminated ... | Repeated crackling sound when nothing is playing |
1,681,738,876,000 |
I have no sound on a fresh debian 12 install on a mini-pc. The PC is connected via HDMI to a TV. I've tried testing with pipewire, with alsa-only, with pipewire-pulse. I also tried testing plugging in headphones via the AUX port. There is never any sound
hardware info
█[coolby][~][0]$ inxi
CPU: dual core Intel Celeron... |
I also posted this question on the debian forums:
In that forum, user FreewheelinFrank suggested trying out a debian testing image after mentioning that support for the ESSX8336 chip/codec is still under development. On this testing image, audio worked out of the box.
| No sound on fresh install of Debian 12 |
1,681,738,876,000 |
Is it possible for 2 processes, each trying to send audio to the single output device, to share (mix) the audio streams?
I'm running AlmaLinux 9 and have paired back to basic ALSA only. But if needed I can add (back) pipewire.
I want to test using 'aplay' but the solution should work with any process' audio output.
|
Is it possible for 2 processes, each trying to send audio to the single output device, to share (mix) the audio streams?
Yes, that's what an audio server is for. So, using pipewire instantly solves this – it even offers a (software-implemented) ALSA pseudodevice that any ALSA-using program can use.
| Share audio output device between two processes |
1,412,103,239,000 |
When attempting to launch system-config-users from command line, I get the following warning, and the tool does not open. I'm using CentOS 7 with Mate 1.8.1.
WARNING **: Error enumerating actions:
GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name
org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 was not provided by any ... |
I just had the same return when installing deluged on arch, I typed:
systemctl start deluged
I tried with sudo and it worked fine. Seems to be a group permissions issue.
All I did was enable permissions for my user account and then typed:
sudo systemctl start deluged
worked like a charm.
| The name > org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 was not provided by any .service files |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I have seen that recent GNU/Linux are using ConsoleKit and PolicyKit. What are they for? How do they work?
The best answer should explain what kind of problem each one tries to solve, and how they manage to solve it.
I am a long-time GNU/Linux user, from a time when such things did not exist. I have been using Slackwa... |
ConsoleKit (documentation) was a service which tracks user sessions (i.e. where a user is logged in). It allows switching users without logging out (many users can be logged in on the same hardware at the same time with one user active). It is also used to check if a session is "local" i.e. if a user has direct access... | What are ConsoleKit and PolicyKit? How do they work? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I am running a fresh install of CentOS 7 GNOME
so I could RDP from Windows. I followed the “Connect to GNOME desktop environment via XRDP” instructions,
but when I connect I get an additional login that says
authentication is required to create a color profile
How do I remove this additional login?
In an attempt to ... |
EDIT:
Please use the upvoted answer and not this one.
OLD ANSWER:
I found this bug and some workarounds here:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1149893
More specific you have to place a .rules file in
/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/
(Select a filename and just givr the .rules extension)
and give the rules:
polkit.add... | Authentication is required to create a color profile |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I created some systemd services which basically works:
location:
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/publicapi.service
content:
[Unit]
Description=public api startup script
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/environment
WorkingDirectory=/home/techops
ExecStart=/home/techops/p... |
To achieve that the user techops can control the service publicapi.service without giving a password, you have different possiblities. Which one is suitable for you cannot be answered as you have to choose on your own.
The classical sudo approach is maybe the most used, as it is there for a long time. You would have... | Restarting systemd service only as a specific user? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I have been banging my head against this for quite a while now. It's related to this question. I would like to find out exactly what happens when I choose to shut down my Linux box from the GUI. This seems to be poorly (if at all) documented.
Ideally, I'm hoping for a DE- and OS-agnostic answer. Barring that, I'm inte... |
It depends on your Display Manager! (i.e. KDM, GDM)
Please bear in mind your DM runs as root! (it needs root privileges in order to run your session process as the user you log in)
When you click shutdown in KDE or GNOME, your DE sends a signal to your DM to power off or restart after the session has terminated. Then,... | What happens when I press "Shut Down" from the GUI? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I'm running CentOS 7.2; see below:
# systemctl stop firewalld
Error getting authority: Error initializing authority: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1: Timeout was reached (g-io-error-quark, 24)
Failed to stop firewalld.service: Connection timed out
Failed to get load state of firewalld.s... |
This is an issue with polkit.service; it was not starting for me.
After further investigation I found that the polkitd user did not exist. Then yum reinstall polkit and systemctl start polkit fixed the issue.
I debugged this by running polkitd directly: /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd
| systemctl keeps timing out on service restart |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I tried rebooting my CentOS 7 server but it gives ridiculous error messages.
As root (of course):
# systemctl reboot
Authorization not available. Check if polkit service is running or see debug message for more information.
Failed to start reboot.target: Connection timed out
See system logs and 'systemctl status reboo... |
As weird as it may seem, trying running
systemctl --force --force reboot
It has popped up in a couple of searches I made. It may be related to issues with a DBus service restarting.
Can't reboot. Slow and timing out.
Failed to start reboot.target: Connection timed out
| How can I reboot a server with systemctl if systemctl reboot fails? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I am reading the book Linux kernel development, in chapter 5 "System Call Implementation" page 77 says
For example, capable(CAP_SYS_NICE) checks whether the caller has the
ability to modify nice values of other processes. By default, the
superuser possesses all capabilities and nonroot possesses none. For
exam... |
This is done via an authorization manager called polkit:
polkit provides an authorization API intended to be used by privileged
programs (“MECHANISMS”) offering service to unprivileged programs
(“SUBJECTS”) often through some form of inter-process communication
mechanism.
With systemd and polkit users with non... | How does gnome reboot without root privileges? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I am using Ubuntu 16.04.
There is a file located at /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.login1.policy which seems to control the permissions regarding shutdown/suspend/hibernate options.
In this file, the revelant options are in this format:
<defaults>
<allow_any>no</allow_any>
<allow_inactive>auth_adm... |
From section DECLARING ACTIONS of polkit - Authorization Framework:
defaults
This element is used to specify implicit authorizations for
clients.
Elements that can be used inside defaults includes:
allow_any
Implicit authorizations that apply to any client. Optional.
a... | Explanation of file - org.freedesktop.login1.policy |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I'm pretty new to the deployment world but this is what's going on. I have a new Ubuntu (Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS) droplet from DigitalOcean. I installed and configured nginx and everything is working smooth. I turn it on and off with: service nginx start/service nginx stop but I need to be able to do this with a different ... |
With the visudo command you edited the file /etc/sudoers, which only applies if you prefix your commands with sudo, in your case sudo service nginx start.
| Trying to run "service nginx restart" from a non root user |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I'm trying to allow users of a somegroup to manage someunit systemd service.
In polkit (>=0.106), this can be done by adding rules:
/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/20-someunit.rules
---
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units"
&& subject.isInGroup("somegrou... |
it's not possible. This feature was implemented for the .rules-variant only
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/1159
| systemd service management using pkla equivalents to polkit's rules on Debian |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I just setup a minimal installation of Arch , installed gvfs , thunar-volman.
But mounting disk requires password , this shouldn't happen.
How should I work it out ?
|
The Arch Wiki has a section on the udev page that covers the many ways you can set up automounting.
With a minimal install (without a DE), you can use a udev rule—there are several examples included on the page—or udisks and one of the wrappers like udiskie, or something even simpler like ldm that requires no other to... | Arch Linux , mount disks with thunar , without password |
1,412,103,239,000 |
On Arch Linux, with systemd, the following commands are all symlinks to systemctl:
/usr/bin/telinit
/usr/bin/poweroff
/usr/bin/runlevel
/usr/bin/reboot
/usr/bin/halt
/usr/bin/shutdown
I find their behaviour with respect to authorization confusing:
$ shutdown
Must be root.
$ halt
Must be root.
$ telinit 3
# Asks for P... |
This is pretty complicated. Let's explain the commands in order you've enumerated them.
telinit
Various arguments to telinit directly translate to various (different) subcommands of systemctl. As per telinit(8) (documentation from systemd package):
2, 3, 4, 5
Change the SysV runlevel. This is translated into an acti... | What are the default Polkit privileges on Arch Linux for shutdown, halt, etc., and why are they so? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
Someone could answer me how make one prompt via pkexec when I've to use two command with authentication?
My easy sample script:
pkexec virsh net-start default;
pkexec "/home/user/program";
I'm new in linux environmen,
Thanks :)
|
Old answer.:
May you take pkexec out of the script? Try create next script where you paste your code (without pkexec) and execute him via pkexec from your script.
your script: #!/bin/bash pkexec ./new_script
new script: #!/bin/bash your command:
Edit.: New Answer
After your conversation with @Thrig, I guess what you ... | One prompt pkexec - two command |
1,412,103,239,000 |
The polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 doesn't autostart while it has correct /etc/xdg/autostart/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1.desktop file with this content
[Desktop Entry]
Name=PolicyKit Authentication Agent
Comment=PolicyKit Authentication Agent
Exec=/usr/lib/policykit-1-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-age... |
Problem was due to /proc mount option hidepid. Mint 17.3 to 18 changed the init system to systemd and systemd has no support for hidepid.
| polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 doesn't auto start after upgrade |
1,412,103,239,000 |
Few days back I mistakenly formatted a partition on my external hard drive by clicking Format from the Context menu in Computer. I want to know that how can I prevent non-root user from being able to do so. At the same time I need the non-root user to be able to read and write on the partition.
I use Fedora 14.
Thank... |
As nc3b already pointed out, this gets controlled by PolicyKit. The policy for disks is located at: /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.udisks.policy and can be adjusted.
Open it with root rights and search for the line: <action id="org.freedesktop.udisks.change">, either comment out the whole block: <!-- [ud... | Prevent non-root user from formatting a partition |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I was just reading the reference manual written by David Z for pkexec on freedesktop.org:
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/polkit.8.html
and
https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/pkexec.1.html
Manual says that using the auth_admin_keep option will only keep your password for 5 ... |
Unfortunately the timeout appears to be hard-coded as 5 minutes in the PolicyKit upstream source, in file src/polkitbackend/polkitbackendinteractiveauthority.c.
On lines 3231-3236 it says:
/* TODO: right now the time the temporary authorization is kept is hard-coded - we
* could make it a propery on the PolkitB... | pkexec - how do I set a custom timeout for auth_admin_keep when writting a pkexec policy |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I've installed Xen and libvirt on a CentOS 6.6 machine. All the tools (virt-manager, virsh etc) work perfectly as root (directly or via sudo) but I cannot allow another user to connect (failed to connect/DBus error).
My Configuration
I followed the procedure for allowing user access by creating a group and allowing th... |
I think you can do in this way:
in /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"
auth_unix_rw = "none"
After that restart the libvirtd daemon
| Xen libvirt access for non-root user |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I found the following command line to shut down a Debian/GNU Linux system
dbus-send \
--system \
--dest=org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit \
--type=method_call \
--print-reply \
--reply-timeout=2000 \
/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Manager \
org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit.Manager.Stop
It works if I execute the comman... |
According to this Debian bug report, this is due to an upstream change in ConsoleKit between versions 0.4.1 and 0.4.2. The thread contains a few suggestions and workarounds, one of which is to install a display manager (like GDM or lightdm) that talks with ConsoleKit directly.
| How do I shut down a system through a ConsoleKit DBus message as user? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I am trying to use polkit to allow specific user to start/stop/restart specific services. Those services are defined via systemd template, so for example user can run this command:
systmctl stop my-daemon@<parameter>.service. Parameter is alphanumeric string, user defined.
This polkit rule works perfectly:
polkit.addR... |
Uff. Solved this one, thanks to the help of another programmer who sent links to good manual pages: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/polkit.8.html
and mainly https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions which explains relevant things from JavaScript programmi... | Polkit rule for systemd template files - how to |
1,412,103,239,000 |
Today, I got a Not authorized to perform operation. message when I tried to mount a drive in Thunar.
# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/10-udiskie.pkla
[Local Users]
Identity=unix-group:storage
Action=org.freedesktop.udisks2.*
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=yes
I'm in the storage group.
|
Rules of this sort, whether polkit or udev are no longer necessary if you have an active session under systemd/logind. Originally, rules of this sort were a workaround for non-consolekit sessions, but now Arch has moved to systemd they are no longer necessary and are more likely to inhibit correct automounting behavio... | Can't mount drive in Thunar anymore |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I understand that a Makefile should not require the user to be root. So I'm using /usr/local like this:
PREFIX=/usr/local
install:
install -D example $(PREFIX)/bin/example
That works fine. But I also need to install a policy file for polkit. And the only valid path for those is /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/. If I... |
It's customary that building a program doesn't require root access, but installing it often does. So it's pretty normal to run
make
sudo make install
Or, when building software to include into a package, something like:
make
mkdir install-root
fakeroot -- sh -c 'make PREFIX="$PWD/install-root/usr/local" install && cd... | If make isn't supposed to run as root, then how can I install a policy file? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
It seems that the new way to change the hostname with systemd is:
hostnamectl set-hostname NEWNAME
However, this does not require a password when logged in as a user with admin rights (not sure which group counts). In the case of non-admin users, it pops up a dialog requesting the password for one of the privileged u... |
In systemd and related utilities, the actions that might require privileged access are routed through PolicyKit. Run pkaction without any parameters to see the list of all the possible actions handled by PolicyKit. To see the current policy for a specific action, use pkaction --verbose --action-id <action identifier. ... | Why does hostnamectl not require a password to change the hostname? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
On OpenSUSE 12.1 x86_64, Gnome 3.2 . I want to remove the suspend and hibernate options from the Gnome (Shell) menu as
suspend makes no sense IMO for a desktop
hibernate has a slight tendency to lock up
I've found that I should configure these privileges using polkit. I've dropped a file named 90-disable-suspend.con... |
The directory /etc/polkit-1/localauthority.conf.d is reserved for configuration files.
You should put your file in a subdirectory of /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority and with extension .pkla. The directory /etc/polkit-1/localauthority should be ok too, but can be modified by updagraded/installed packages, so better t... | Removing supend and hibernate privileges |
1,412,103,239,000 |
After a recent update on an Ubuntu 20.04:
$ systemctl suspend
Call to Suspend failed: Access denied
Some weeks ago worked fine this way, without any root privileges.
On journal:
dbus-daemon[1310]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.991" (uid=1000 pid=683426 comm="systemct... |
D-Bus
Check that there are no dbus policies in /usr/share/dbus-1/system.d or /etc/dbus-1/system.d that explicitly deny unprivileged access to members of org.freedesktop.login1 related to the system suspension.
You can use the following policy to allow unprivileged users to invoke org.freedesktop.login1.Manager.Suspend... | systemctl suspend, Call to Suspend failed: Access denied |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I am on Debian 10 Buster.
When using Nautilus (aka Files), I am always asked for my password when trying to mount another HDD. All normal.
A few days ago, I am not asked for my account password anymore, but for another account password.
So, my main account is in the sudo group. I also have a second account named 'gues... |
Ok thinking on this, probably “guest” is sudoer.
Remove guest from sudoer:
-sudo visudo and add comment # on guest line
-remove gest from sudo group using sudo usermod -G guest guest ( look at usermod manual to see proper way to keep all groups but sudo, if other groups are present)
Then try again to mount
If admin pa... | Why I am asked for the password of a different account when trying to mount a disk? |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I want to prevent users to start shutdown or reboot when another user is logged in. Users can be a TTY user (Ctrl+Alt+F3) or a ssh user from a client host.
In OpenBSD, I use polkit org.xfce.session.policy with a rule file to prevent such actions.
I need to find how to do this in Debian Testing (aka Buster).
I found or... |
Debian Testing Buster use polkit 1.05, so there is no rule files and no js syntax.
You must use the old policykit ini-style.
To prevent users to start shutdown or reboot when another user is logged in,
you must create two pkla files in /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/
cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.... | How to block shutdown or reboot in Debian xfce when other users logged in |
1,412,103,239,000 |
I'd like to suspend my laptop using at:
echo "systemctl suspend" | at now + 5 minutes
Suspension does not happen, instead I find a mail from at in /var/spool/mail/me:
Failed to set wall message, ignoring: Interactive authentication required.
Failed to suspend system via logind: Interactive authentication required.
Fa... |
Presumably the commands run by at are in a different environment, without access to your tty device and dbus settings and so on.
Systemd has its own version of the at command. You can use it to run your command in an environment that seems to be ok for further systemd commands.
So use the equivalent command:
systemd-r... | Shutdown, suspend require authentication when scheduled in at |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I am using Arch Linux on an x86_64 desktop. Since a recent full system update, it seems my polkit-mate-authentication-agent will not start. If I try to start it manually from the command line, I get the following error:
$ ./polkit-mate-authentication-agent-1
(polkit-mate-authentication-agent-1:2709): polkit-mate-1-W... |
I think I have figured out what the issue was with this. It seems that after the system update, polkitd wasn't being started on boot, which is obviously why the authentication agent wasn't able to connect. I re-installed the polkit package and now polkitd is starting correctly. (I have no idea what was causing it to n... | polkit-mate-authentication-agent won't start - "Error getting authority" |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I am really struggling to get the session polkit to work.
I am not really familiar with how it works, but I have been using gnome before switching to dwm and in gnome it worked perfectly, so I wanted to replicate that.
First of all: As I understood it, the polkit is responsible for giving momentary privilege escalatio... |
I use dwm as well, I have in a .xinitrc file, with a polkit to start at login. I use the xfce-polkit.
/usr/lib/xfce-polkit/xfce-polkit &
As an example I also use Thunar as my file manager and have a custom action that calls a root session of Thunar using pkexec.
Using the polkit will give you the same DE behaviour w... | dwm - session polkit |
1,667,869,669,000 |
In CentOS 8.0 Server with desktop, I am trying to install gparted. It's not in the native software app, so I tried:
sudo yum install epel-release
sudo yum install gparted
and when I ran the latter, I see
Error: Problem: conflicting requests
- nothing provides PolicyKit-authentication-agent needed by gparted-1.0.0.... |
The encountered error which is missing policykit-authentication-agent dependency package does not look essential to run gparted.
You can try
dnf download gparted
sudo rpm -i gparted-downloaded-package-name.rpm --nodeps
sudo gparted
| CentOS 8 install gparted fails |
1,667,869,669,000 |
Problem
On Debian 12 I use IdleAction=poweroff and IdleActionSec=… in logind.conf. This works as intended, the machine powers itself off when it's been idle for long enough.
I want to be able to use systemd-inhibit --what=idle as a regular user. I have found claims that it should be possible (example). Indeed, in one ... |
While creating the question, I noticed polkitd running in the Successful system, but not in any Failing one. I knew the problem has much to do with polkit, so I gave it a try in one Debian of the Failing group:
sudo apt-get install polkitd
And yes, this is it, problem solved. Now I can use systemd-inhibit --what=idle... | Access denied for `systemd-inhibit --what=idle` |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I have several services that need to be user-controlled and I can't use them as user services (their requirement is system service with root access), plus there is weird GROUP/216 bug that I haven't been able to fix no matter what I try.
I have created template service with name [email protected], so it has to be laun... |
After multiple tests and research, I can finally answer myself.
1) Not possible in itself. No way to write something that resembles [a-zA-Z0-9_-]* regexp. It would be possible if I knew precisely how many characters the string should have, but it varies.
2) As said in my comment, option 2 is out too, there isn't requi... | Controlling systemd system service as user |
1,667,869,669,000 |
As continuation of this question (How can I send a notification with polkit 0.106?), I've discovered that I have to execute notify-send as the user who I want to send notification.
But, with my current config, I can't do this, because polkit execute the script as polkitd user, and I can't do su $user without known use... |
After doing a few test, I got this results:
polkitd is a nologin user
If I execute this command, to execute my script with polkitd user, shows an error:
sudo su polkitd -s /bin/bash -c aux_scripts/send_notify.sh almu
Error executing command as another user: Not authorized
This incident has been reported.
So, I think... | How to allow running notify-send as another user with pkexec? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I am developing a application to don't forget the pendrive.
This app must lock the shutdown if a pendrive is connected to the machine. As this form, if the user wants to shutdown the system while a pendrive is connected, the system shows a notification to alert about it must disconnect the pendrive to unlock shutdown.... |
Finally, I created a dbus client, launched as user, which receives signal from systembus and shows notification to user.
The dbus client code is in https://github.com/AlmuHS/Pendrive_Reminder/blob/work-in-progress/dbus-client/client.py
In the send-notify.sh script, I only added
dbus-send --system /org/preminder/mensa... | How can I send a notification with polkit 0.106? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I want to let my user edit a configuration file in /etc from my graphical C application. One method is:
fprintf( fopen("/tmp/tmpfile", "w+") , "content\n"); // Write to a tmpfile
system("pkexec mv /tmp/tmpfile /etc/myapp.conf"); // Use pkexec to move that tmpfile to our file
However, I'd like to implement a polki... |
polkit_authority_check_authorization_sync simply checks whether the caller is authorized to perform the action based on the polkit rules and that's it. This usually means an application/daemon that is already running as root wants to check whether the caller is actually allowed to perform certain action and then perfo... | What does polkit authorization do to a process? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
polkit is configured using rules files, written in javascript.
You write custom functions, and pass them as the argument to polkit.addRule(). When a polkit action is performed, the functions are called in order, until one returns a result. (Otherwise the defaults are used).
Your rule function is called with two para... |
It is not possible.
This is not a massively common type of security policy - whether for polkit or anything else. A lot of stuff either uses a group, or a polkit password prompt.
I've only noticed this type of policy being used for PackageKit. (I guess the administrator group is specified by the distribution, when i... | polkit rule: determine if user is an admin? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
What is the correct way, with a single command or a small polkit addition, to limit all unprivileged users to read-only usage of nmcli?
Edit: Allowing only a privileged unix group, in addition to root, such as 'netadmins', would also be nice. The main issue, however, is blocking all non-read-only changes by general un... |
Apparently we get to write Javascript. Isn't that fun?
I think this will work:
# /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-disable-networkmanager.rules
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {
if (action.id.indexOf("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.") == 0)
{
return polkit.Result.NO;
}
});
https://doc.opensuse.... | The *correct* way to require root for changes via nmcli to NetworkManager |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I am testing a ARM based embedded target running with customized embedded linux version 3.14.
Is there any way that I can find out which scheduling policy my linux is using at runtime?
I see some /proc/sys entries like these on target. But I am not sure whether it is CFS:
sched_child_runs_first
sched_domain/
sched... |
I assume you want to find out if your system is using the CFS CPU scheduler. The scheduling policy is the policy the CFS or some other scheduler uses. On my Ubuntu 16.04 box I have /proc/sched_debug. Maybe you can get a hint out of:
cat /proc/sched_debug
If your system is using the CFS scheduler the output should co... | How verify the current scheduling policy running in a embedded Linux? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
In the file manager PCManFM I can access discs in my USB DVD drive but I cannot eject them or access other USB storage devices - I get the error message "Not Authorized". Any clues?
I use Debian 7.7.0 and my window manager is launched by .xinitrc with
exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session blackbox
|
Run the window manager in a ConsoleKit session:
exec ck-launch-session blackbox
| Allowing normal user to mount and eject devices |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I've used Nomachine for years to connect my 2 Linux laptops. The client machine A has always connected to an existing X session in the server machine B displaying it in both A and B. However, lately it always creates a new session on B while showing it on A only. To my knowledge, I haven't done (installed, removed, ch... |
I solved the problem but am a bit unsure on how. Here's what I did:
Upgraded all packages and Nomachine on both machines to newest versions (they were different but this didn't interfere w/ using them (till they worked)). Rebooted. This alone bought me nothing.
Took a look at the server's configuration file (on B) a... | Unable to connect to an existing X session w/ Nomachine |
1,667,869,669,000 |
I know that some authentication programs like KDE's KAuth can use polkit as the backend.And what makes polkit special is that it can grant some specific privileges to a non-privileged process.A functionality that reminds me of capabilities(7).
But does polkit make use of capabilities or another infra-structure?
Thanks... |
polkit doesn’t grant privileges to non-privileged processes, it authenticates users and controls access to actions provided by privileged processes. It doesn’t use capabilities for this.
pkexec can run a process as another user, but it does so using mechanisms similar to sudo: it’s setuid root.
| Does "Polkit" make use of linux capabilities? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
On Linux "who" start daemons?
Suse, RockyLinux, Debian use systemd
Devuan use scripts in /etc/rc*.d/* which are symlinks from /etc/init.d
Slackware: use scripts in /etc/rc.d/rc.* (for example rc.M start a lot of daemons, rc.sshd start sshd, etc..)
On my Slackware I see polkitd start at the boot.
But who or what start ... |
On Slackware, it is started by dbus-daemon, which in turn is started by rc.d/rc.messagebus.
| Who or what start polkitd in Slackware? |
1,667,869,669,000 |
Are serial consoles considered local by polkit? Could that be configured e.g. via /etc/securetty?
|
As far as I've understood, a session is considered as local by polkit if it is associated with a local seat. By default, seat0 is the only existing seat.
You can view the devices associated with a seat by e.g.:
loginctl seat-status seat0
To associate a device with a seat, it should have a udev tag seat added to it in... | Polkit and local serial consoles |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I have a Mini2440 ARM Board, and I have put a base Debian 6.0 system on it using multistrap.
I have used tmux to run several processes in defferent windows from /etc/rc.local. I connect to the board using its serial port and an inittab entry to run getty on that port. I use picocom as serial communicator.
When root lo... |
Turned out it was a bug in the particular version of pppd that was being used in the distro. I checked and previous and later versions of pppd do not have this problem. Also the problem is not specific to this arch and platform or tmux. If pppd is being run inside a shell script, It does not handle Ctrl-C, while outsi... | Ctrl-C does not work with pppd non-detached session |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I have CentOS 6.3 running in a (virtual) machine with two Ethernet adapters. I have eth0 connected to a TCP/IP LAN and eth1 connected to a DSL modem. The system is intended as a dedicated router/firewall, and has iptables set up to do SNAT, DNAT, and the desired filtering.
This was working great but I changed DSL mo... |
Just remove the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses with ip addr flush dev eth1 and ip -6 addr flush dev eth1.
| How can I disable TCP/IP for an Ethernet adapter? |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I have two PPP peers, dsl-line1 and dsl-line2 which are configured with pppd on Ubuntu (Server) Linux.
They are brought up by the /etc/network/interfaces file with the auto thingy however each PPP connection chooses the name pppX where X varies depending on which comes up first.
I would like to make it such that dsl-l... |
The best bet I found was the "unit" option in the /etc/ppp/peers/... file. This option is an integer which names the interface pppX where X is the int after "unit".
I ended up just naming the interfaces pppX in /etc/network/interfaces and using "unit" in the peers files to ensure they are named that way.
| Naming PPP interfaces |
1,353,405,094,000 |
My ISP asked me to use custom nameserver settings. I have placed these in /etc/resolv.conf. Unfortunately, every time I reboot the computer, the contents of this file is changed. To connect to the Internet, I must first edit that file. How can I ensure that this file does not change?
|
In all likelihood the culprit is NetworkManager -- it rebuilds /etc/resolv.conf on startup/shutdown and whenever your managed network connections change.
Your best bet, unless you want to strip parts of your install out of your system, is to add your user to the netdev group (sudo adduser myuser netdev will do the tr... | /etc/resolv.conf changes during reboot |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I'm using pppd and wvdial on my ARM Linux embedded system. I have a CDMA modem connected via a serial port and am connecting to the Verizon network. I am seeing that several times per day pppd exits with exit code 16 (see exact message from log below). How do I work out what is causing these disconnects? In particular... |
Important: you can always override your default options with local options.
from man pppd
/etc/ppp/options
System default options for pppd, read before user default
options or command-line options.
and also
~/.ppprc
/etc/ppp/options.ttyname
/etc/ppp/peers
you should enable debug options (some... | Linux PPP : how to debug disconnects with exit code = 16? |
1,353,405,094,000 |
On my Debian Linux device, I have a USB-modem that is connected to the Internet. Its interface name is ppp0.
I also have a USB-wireless adapter, where I am hosting a Access Point. Its interface name is wlan0.
How to I route traffic between these interfaces, so that if my phone is connected to this AP, that I can acces... |
You can refer to this wiki that explain a very simple and complete way of acheving what you want with iptables, This explain how to Nat your wifi interface behind you ppo interface.
Edit 1:
You can also make your two interface working as a bridge aka switch but it would probably be a bit more tricky, some info about ... | Internet routing between wlan0 and ppp0? |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I'm trying to setup dnsmasq to accelerate DNS resolving , but since i use a PPPoE connection , there're both dns server provided by ISP , and the 127.0.0.1.
So how can i place the local dns server as the first line in /etc/resolv.conf automatically ?
And please don't let me use a static dns server configuration ..
... |
You don't need to list any nameserver other than 127.0.0.1 in /etc/resolv.conf. What you need to inform dnsmasq of the upstream DNS server, and it will relay and cache requests to the ISP's server.
If your ISP's DNS providers don't change (they rarely do), you can declare them in the Dnsmasq configuration file (/etc/d... | Adding custom DNS server for pppd client connection? |
1,353,405,094,000 |
Trying to automate making a ppp connection on boot. I have a cell modem (skywire LE910 SVG) that I have working manually using pon. My ppp/peers/isp is configured and the corresponding chatscript is working. After my device boots (beaglebone black running 3.8.13 Debian wheezy) I can run pon verizon (name of isp) an... |
Found an issue with the ppp/peers/provider file
Removing updetach from the provider file fixed it.
updetach
With this option, pppd will detach from its controlling terminal once it has successfully established the ppp connection (to the point where the first network control protocol, usually the IP control protoc... | Establish a PPP connection on boot |
1,353,405,094,000 |
I'm trying to connect to GPRS network through a serial port connected GSM modem.
When I call /usr/sbin/pppd call <peer_name> from the command line, it correctly receives and handles Ctrl+C from keyboard.
But when I put the exact same command in an empty shell script (with or without the shebang #! at the top), chmod +... |
I guess the problem is a bug specific to pppd version 2.4.5, which is the one that comes with Debian 7. I tested versions 2.4.4 and 2.4.6 (which is the latest as of now) on the same and other machines and they work as expected. pppd package seems to have a lot of signal handler manipulation code in it, which I guess c... | Ctrl-C is ignored by pppd when put in a shell script |
1,353,405,094,000 |
At work we have to use Dell's SonicWall NetExtender software to connect to the company VPN. Some people use Windows and contractors (like myself), use whatever, which in my case is Manjaro (Arch-based) Linux. The issue is that I seem to be the only who can not connect via the client or CLI. What happens is the connect... |
After trying several different methods of fixing, none working, I finally came across a forum post on the Gentoo forums about the same issue. It seems that the issue is that some files are named incorrectly and so a symbolic link needs to be created in order to successfully connect. Link to thread.
To create a symboli... | SonicWall NetExtender hangs on Connecting to tunnel |
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