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1,458,655,019,000 |
Depending on configuration, unprivileged (non-root) processes can create a user namespace.
RLIMIT_NPROC limits the number of processes per user.
If I enter a user namespace, can I create processes with different UIDs, and hence exceed my real RLIMIT_NPROC?
|
It doesn't seem so.
$ unshare -r
# ulimit -u 1000
# sh -c 'for i in $(seq 998); do sleep 1& done' >/dev/null
sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable
... (i.e. more than one error - so I guess my existing processes were already counted)
sh: fork: retry: Resour... | Who would win, RLIMIT_NPROC or user namespaces? |
1,458,655,019,000 |
What I need
I want to monitor system resources (namely memory and cpu usage) by application - not just by process. Just as the Windows Task Manager is grouping resources by the "calling mother process", I like to see it like that as well. Nowadays, applications like firefox and vscode spawn many child processes and I ... |
This script below requires a lot of additional improvements, but I think it can serve as a basis.
I started to write comments, but for now, not able to finish it. I will use edits to my answer to add new comments and fix bugs when I get more free time.
In my environment it works fine. I called this script mytop and pu... | Get memory/cpu usage by application |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I sometimes need to plug a disk into a disk bay. At other times, I have the very weird setup of connecting a SSD using a SATA-eSATA cable on my laptop while pulling power from a desktop.
How can I safely remove the SATA disk from the system? This Phoronix forum thread has some suggestions:
justsumdood wrote:
An(noym... |
Unmount any filesystems on the disk. (umount ...)
Deactivate any LVM groups. (vgchange -an)
Make sure nothing is using the disk for anything.
You Could unplug the HDD here, but it is recommended to also do the last two steps
Spin the HDD down. (irrelevant for SSD's) (sudo hdparm -Y /dev/(whatever))
Tell the system... | How can I safely remove a SATA disk from a running system? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
There are a lot of constants in the Kernel named with HORKAGE,
ATA_HORKAGE_ZERO_AFTER_TRIM
ATA_HORKAGE_NODMA
ATA_HORKAGE_ATAPI_MOD16_DMA
ATA_HORKAGE_NO_DMA_LOG
ATA_HORKAGE_NO_ID_DEV_LO
ATA_HORKAGE_NO_LOG_DIR
ATA_HORKAGE_WD_BROKEN_LPM
However, these are not really documented
Force horkage according to libata.force a... |
It seems like the term Horkage was introduced with this patch by Alan Cox. The term "hork" means
(computing, slang) To foul up; to be occupied with difficulty, tangle, or unpleasantness; to be broken. I downloaded the program, but something is horked and it won't load.
You can also see this in The Jargon File's Glos... | What is "horkage"? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I implemented my own Serial-ATA Host-Bus-Adapter (HBA) in VHDL and programmed it onto a FPGA. A FPGA is chip which can be programmed with any digital circuit. It's also equipped with serial transceivers to generate high speed signals for SATA or PCIe.
This SATA controller supports SATA 6 Gb/s line rates and uses ATA-8... |
Thanks to @frostschutz, I could measure the write performance in Linux without NCQ feature. The kernel boot parameter libata.force=noncq disabled NCQ completely.
Regarding my Seagate 6TB write performance problem, there was no change in speed. Linux still reaches 180 MiB/s.
But then I had another idea:
The Linux drive... | How to (really) disable NCQ in Linux |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I woke up this morning to a notification email with some rather disturbing system log entries.
Dec 2 04:27:01 yeono kernel: [459438.816058] ata2.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0xf SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen
Dec 2 04:27:01 yeono kernel: [459438.816071] ata2.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Dec 2 04:27:01 yeono ... |
I wrote one-liner based on Tobi Hahn answer.
For example, you want to know what device stands for ata3:
ata=3; ls -l /sys/block/sd* | grep $(grep $ata /sys/class/scsi_host/host*/unique_id | awk -F'/' '{print $5}')
It will produce something like this
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 15 15:30 /sys/block/sde -> ../devices/p... | Given a kernel ATA exception, how to determine which physical disk is affected? [duplicate] |
1,342,641,878,000 |
My Ubuntu 13.10 system has been performing very poorly over the last day or so. Looking at the kernel logs, it appears that the <1yr old 3TB SATA disk is having issues with a particular sector:
Nov 4 20:54:04 mediaserver kernel: [10893.039180] ata4.01: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
Nov 4 20:54:04 ... |
Bad sectors are always an indication of a failing HDD, in fact the moment you see an I/O error such as this, you probably already lost/corrupted some data. Make a backup if you haven't one already, run a self test smartctl -t long /dev/disk and check SMART data smartctl -a /dev/disk. Get a replacement if you can.
Bad ... | Does a bad sector indicate a failing disk? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
Assume that we have two disks, one master SATA and one master ATA. How will they show up in /dev?
|
Depending on your SATA driver and your distribution's configuration, they might show up as /dev/hda and /dev/hdb, or /dev/hda and /dev/sda, or /dev/sda and /dev/sdb. Distributions and drivers are moving towards having everything hard disk called sd?, but PATA drivers traditionally used hd? and a few SATA drivers also ... | Names for ATA and SATA disks in Linux |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have 3 SATA devices on my system. They show up under /proc/scsi/scsi, although these are not SCSI devices. Why do my SATA devices show up under the SCSI directory?
$ cat /proc/scsi/scsi
Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: ATA Model: WDC WD2500AAJS-6 Rev: 01.0
Type: Direct-Acc... |
They show up as SCSI devices because the drivers speak SCSI to the next kernel layer (the generic disk driver). This isn't actually true of all SATA drivers on all kernel versions with all kernel compile-time configurations, but it's common. Even PATA devices can appear as SCSI at that level (again, that depends on th... | Why do my SATA devices show up under /proc/scsi/scsi? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
Consider following kern.log snippet:
ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
ata4.00: cmd 61/00:78:40:1e:6c/04:00:f0:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq 524288 out
res 41/04:00:00:00:00/04:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x1 (device error)
ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
ata4.00: error: { ABRT }
ata4: hard resetting link
ata4: n... |
You can find the corresponding /dev/sdY device via traversing the /sys tree:
$ find /sys/devices | grep '/ata[0-9]\+/.*/block/s[^/]\+$' \
| sed 's@^.\+/\(ata[0-9]\+\)/.\+/block/\(.\+\)$@\1 => /dev/\2@'
With a more efficient /sys traversal (cf. lsata.sh):
$ echo /sys/class/ata_port/ata*/../../host*/target*/*/block... | How to map ataX.0 identifiers in kern.log error messages to actual /dev/sdY devices? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have added in my computer a PCI Express controler card with 2 USB3 ports and 2 sata3 ports. (http://www.ldlc.be/fiche/PB00121886.html).
The USB ports are working correctly but the HDD plugged in the sata port is not appearing in the devices.
I ran lshw and here the result concerning the pci card:
*-pci:1
... |
I have found the solution. The device was unclaimed because it was not known correctly by the kernel.
Using a kernel 3.5, the device was listed as below:
*-ide UNCLAIMED
description: IDE interface
product: ASM1061 SATA IDE Controller
vendor: ASMedia Technology Inc.
... | Unclaimed device in lshw |
1,342,641,878,000 |
Is it possible to create LVM partitions for both SSD and SATA hard disks? I mean if there isn't any conflicts.
|
I don't see any points on doing so, you want a Volume Group that contains both SATA and SSD, that's possible.
Just create multiple PVs, with pvcreate /dev/partition_name
And create a volume group that use those PVs, with vgcreate
And do the partition of that VG.
| LVM with SSD and SATA hard disks |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have a PCI-attached SATA controller connected to a (variable) number of disks on a machine with a Linux 2.6.39 kernel. I am trying to find the physical location of the disk, knowing the PCI address of the controller.
In this case, controller is at address 0000:01:00.0, and there are two disks, with SCSI addresses 6:... |
I think you can get what you want by cross referencing the output from lshw -c disk and this command, udevadm info -q all -n <device>.
For example
My /dev/sda device shows the following output for lshw:
$ sudo lshw -c disk
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: ST9500420AS
vendo... | Match PCI address of SATA controller and SCSI address of attached disks |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have an ATA hard disk in my laptop, running Fedora 11, kernel 2.6.30.10-105.2.23.fc11.i586. I am looking to upgrade the disk in here (would love to get an SSD) but I forgot if it's a serial ATA or an old parallel ATA interface. There's not much use upgrading to an SSD if it's PATA...
How can I tell if the disk is co... |
To see the device description for the controller (assuming an internal (PCI) controller), which usually contains SATA for SATA controllers:
lspci -d $(cat /sys/block/sda/device/../../../vendor):$(cat /sys/block/sda/device/../../../device)
If you want to type less, just browsing the output of lspci is likely to give y... | How can I tell if my hard drive is PATA or SATA? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have a S2 SAMSUNG 320GB USB-HDD which I use in both Ubuntu 13.10 (Kernel 3.11.0-17-generic) and Fedora 17.
It works fine; I can read/write from/to them. Although, I am experiencing an issue with a software that deals with pen drive and other USB devices.
This program tries to list the available devices by running t... |
Ok I guessing this is a udev issue (most Linux distros use this by default), this is what creates the symlinks. You can fix this by add a new rule. I will give some info on this, but it is largely anchored in my own distro - Debian.
First off, you need to find where your rules are. Debian has them in two locations - /... | Is there a way to change a device id in /dev/disk/by-id? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
While investigating the issue with my SATA3 SSD drive being recognized as SATA2 (for some reason had to change SATA ports to fix it) I noticed the following messages when I run:
$ dmesg | grep ata3.00
[ 0.980592] ata3.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:06:00:00:00:00 (SET FEATURES) succeeded
[ 0.980594] ata3.00: ACPI cmd f5/00:... |
This is a known error in Samsung SSDs: The drives do not properly implement queued trim commands.
However, Ubuntu (and probably most other Linux distributions) now implement trim as a cronjob to improve performance, so this is not of any practical concern.
For more details, see the kernel bug on this:
https://bugzil... | Possible issues with SSD SATA3 drive |
1,342,641,878,000 |
Today I boot my laptop (HP pavilion dv6) running debian 7, and the window manager won't start. I just get over and over again errors as:
[###.######] ata6: COMRESET failed (errno=-32)
[###.######] ata6: COMRESET failed (errno=-32)
[###.######] ata6: COMRESET failed (errno=-32)
[###.######] ata6: reset failed, givin... |
Looks like an issue I also had. Two issues, in fact.
The error message looks like the one I'm getting here. It is probably hardware related but I can't tell what it implies.
As for the window manager not starting, it could be the logs filling up the system partition, not allowing Gnome to write in /tmp. I had this pr... | ATA error: COMRESET failed (errno=-32) |
1,342,641,878,000 |
While accessing a drive with high error rates (as, for example, here for opensuse) in FreeBSD, the system eventually disconnects the drive and it disappears from /dev. This makes it impossible to run ddrescue or testdrive in any reasonable fashion.
|
With FreeBSD 9+ the camcontrol utility can be used to control if either a SATA or a SCSI drive is disconnected, or not, in such circumstances:
camcontrol negotiate /dev/<dev> -D disable
| How to prevent FreeBSD from disconnecting a drive device? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have just purchased a SuperMicro X10SBA, where i intend to use the onboard Marvell 88SE923 SATA controller for RAID1. Unfortunately SuperMicro has written that RAID is only compatible on Windows platform.
How do i determine that it is possible to run in linux, and how do you choose the right distribution that could... |
From what I can see, the Marvel; 88se9230 is supported in newer kernels (since 2013 and kernel 3.2 at least). See this bug report and these messages to the linux-ide mailing list.
Based on the above, it should be supported by most recent distributions.
| Drivers for Marvell 88SE9230 SATA controller on Linux |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I am looking for the basic kernel drivers to enable SATA support.
I have a Braswell (Intel SoC) setup and I would like to reduce the number of kernel drivers to a minimum. Does SATA support need the ATA drivers ? What about the SCSI drivers ? Or Device Mapper Support (from the RAID menu) ? It seems there is more than ... |
Partial answer:
The kernel layers are a bit complex, and I can't give you a complete picture. Today, nearly all storage devices use some kind of SCSI commands (which why they show up as /dev/sdX instead of /dev/hdX), though that can be transported over different mechanisms (ATA packets, or USB, or others). So you need... | SATA: what linux kernel drivers are needed for basic support? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I don't have any IDE drives and my only SATA hard drive is running in AHCI mode, but my initrd image loads the pata_atiixp module. Is it safe to disable this module? And what about the ata_generic one?
|
To answer the first question: Yes
But anyway, it should be easy to generate a backup entry in your boot manager (with the original initrd and working kernel), in case something goes wrong.
To answer the second one - you can use
$ lsmod
Module Size Used by
...
On your running systems to see, if ata_g... | Do I need pata_atiixp or ata_generic kernel modules on a SATA only system? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
My ASUS M4A87TD EVO board has two on-board disk controllers, one of them is a JMicron JMB361 with one old IDE disk connected. When I boot Arch Linux, it shows in the system journal like this:
Nov 02 12:53:50 host kernel: ahci 0000:04:00.0: JMB361 has only one port
Nov 02 12:53:50 host kernel: ahci 0000:04:00.0: AHCI 0... |
So obviously the libata.force disable kernel parameter setting is applied too late in the process. The ATA driver first tries to reset the device before it disables it. What has worked for me is to disable resets as well as the device with this kernel parameter libata.force=9:disable,9:norst,10:disable,10:norst.
I am ... | Boot delay due to non-existent SATA disk |
1,342,641,878,000 |
Can you help me understand, why my SATA hotplug doesn't work? When I plug sata disk, lsblk doesn't change. There is only my system disk /dev/sda.
I have linux:
$ uname -a
Linux Z170-D3H 4.9.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.25-1 (2017-05-02) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Kernel settings:
$ cat /boot/config-4.9.0-3-amd64 | grep HOTPLUG... |
Problem was in wrong BIOS configuration.
Solution (for my motherboard Z170-D3H) is go to BIOS > Peripherals > SATA Configuration and here enable Hot Plug option for each SATA port. Then save settings and restart computer.
Now everything works properly!
| Sata hotplug doesn't work |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have a new system with debian (omv) a SSD hard drive for the OS and a software RAID 6 for the data.
I only saw now that I have very regular exceptions in my syslog. I'm worried now, what could cause those exceptions. Is it a software problem or is actually some hardware faulty? Can you actually read anything from th... |
The steps I took to fix it:
updated BIOS
In the BIOS, diabled the SATA IDE Combined Mode with this help
reading the kernel documentation about kernel parameters, since every solution online was about adding parameters to that.
I found out that my SSD actually only supports SATA speed 3.0Gbps with a good shell script... | What causes the ata exceptions in my syslog and how to solve them |
1,342,641,878,000 |
When the kernel boots, it prints out lines like this for each SATA device:
[ 0.919450] ata2.00: ATA-8: ST2000DM001-1CH164, CC24, max UDMA/133
[ 0.919487] ata2.00: 3907029168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA
What do those fields mean?
|
ata2.00: ATA-8: ST2000DM001-1CH164, CC24, max UDMA/133
ATA-8 is the version (SATA II). ST2000DM001-1CH164 is the device model number. CC24 is the device firmware version. UDMA/133 would be the speed, if this were a PATA device instead of SATA.
ata2.00: 3907029168 sectors, multi 16: LBA48 NCQ (depth 31/32), AA
Sector... | What do the fields in the libata device probe line in dmesg mean? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
After removing a bay mounted SATA connected drive the kernel will most of the time remove the mount. However, sometimes the mount remains even though the disk has been removed. Is there a way to avoid this?
|
As I ended replied to the original OP, you can always force an unmount with a lazy unmount
umount -l <filesystem|partition>
Nevertheless the thing about lazy umount is that it ignores the pending buffers to be written to that drive.
I would recommend a script a sudo for the user or a group of users that run the app, ... | Hot Removed SATA drive mount remains |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have a system with 10 SATA ports, and another SATA as the boot disk.
The 10 SATA ports make up 5 software RAID1 arrays. The RAID disks may be removed between boots, and swapped in with arbitrary blank disks at any time.
I need to ensure that /dev/sda is always my first physical SATA port, and /dev/sdj is always the ... |
The Debian Wiki has an excellent entry describing what I required. Following this I made my own rules under /etc/udev/rules.d/20-disk-bay.rules. I have only included the first two sata port mappings as an example:
# There are different DEVPATHs for major kernel versions!
# Example for SATA N:
#
# Kernel < 3 DEVPATH
# ... | How to map a SATA device name to a physical SATA interface for RAID systems |
1,342,641,878,000 |
In for example Thunar I can just click on an external USB drive to mount it under /run/media/$USER/[something]. The fact that the mount point is created dynamically is a great side effect. But for any drives which are on the SATA bus I'm told
mount: only root can do that
or
Not authorized to perform operation.
How... |
I found a workaround for mounting devices as a user.
A static line in /etc/fstab permits to mount/umount without being root :
/dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 auto defaults,user,rw,utf8,noauto,umask=000 0 2
If /dev/sdc1 device & /mnt/sdc1 directory both exist, running either mount /dev/sdc1 or mount /mnt/sdc1 will mount the devic... | How to mount internal drives as a normal user in NixOS? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I've found countless threads started by others where they can't boot from a device because they are using the wrong SATA configuration. Let me assure you this is not my issue.
I work in an IT dept for a company and I have SSDs that I need to wipe. I have created my own Ubuntu machine complete with dcfldd and hdparm (e... |
fdisk is a userspace tool, if kernel fails to recognize the device fdisk can do nothing about it. After you connect the disk, check dmesg or journalctl, you should see something similar to
kernel: scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access ATA Samsung SSD 860 2B6Q PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0... | Why doesn't fdisk -l not show all connected drives? |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have a fairly old system board from 2010 and two newer hard drives (HGST 6-TB) running CentOS. I repeatedly get the following errors in the dmesg output for each hard drive (proceeded by a loud clicking sound).
ata14: lost interrupt (Status 0x50)
ata14.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x40d0002 action 0xe fro... |
Old system and new disks? If the system's power supply is also old, it might be having problems keeping the voltages stable - and when the hard disks experience brief power "brown-outs", they reset and report errors to the operating system.
If you can, try borrowing a new PSU from somewhere and using it to run the sy... | Disk Error: failed command: READ DMA EXT |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have onboard SATA controller, and also an additional RAID controller card:
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device a282
...
04:00.0 RAID bus controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic MegaRAID SAS-3 3108 [Invader] (rev 02)
When linux kernel boots, disks connected on the LSI raid controller are recognized/enume... |
I was looking into something similar in the past - changing the order of the disks and the network cards for a monolithic kernel.
The order how the drivers are loaded gets decided during compilation - by initcall_levels (from lower to higher, include/linux/init.h) and then by
positions in the Makefiles.
I do not think... | change order of SATA and RAID controller when booting linux kernel |
1,342,641,878,000 |
I have an HP xw8200 workstation running linux with two small, fast SCSI drives hooked up to the onboard LSI SCSI controller. The drives get labeled /dev/sda & /dev/sdb in /dev, respectively. I have a large SATA disk that I want to add to the system to store data, but every time I connect it, it's /dev gets assigned sd... |
The default order in which sda, sdb, sdc are assigned is unpredictable. But it can be overridden through udev. You can control the name of the block device files by adding directives in /etc/udev/rules.d/local.rules (some (older?) systems may only support /etc/udev/rules.conf). Better, you can add directives to create... | Devices get renamed when SATA disk attached |
1,296,885,230,000 |
When issuing the ATA secure erase command via hdparm against multiple SATA (non-SSD) drives it occurs in parallel.
However when the same command is issued against PATA drives, it occurs consecutively. For example the second PATA drive does not commence its process until the first process has completed.
Is the ATA Sec... |
You're likely seeing a limitation of PATA: two drives share the same bus (channel), and only one can be actively using it at a time. Busy processing a command with the host waiting for the result counts as using it. I've seen some drives that immediately return after hdparm --security-erase and process the command "of... | Why does ATA Secure Erase occur concurrently rather than in parallel with PATA drives? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
Where is this error coming from?
|
Your SATA controller gives error messages back for the read and write commands.
The error is timeout, which says that the controller can't communicate with your hard disks, more exactly it doesn't get answer from them.
The most likely cause of the problem is contact problem with your SATA cables. Check with other hard... | Boot Error: Emask 0X0 SAct 0X0 SErr 0X0 action 0X6 frozen |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I have a question regarding the support for SATA ssd drives in the Linux Kernel.
I read on the internet that one should enable PCI support for proper usage of the sata drives. Could someone please explain why? For me PCI and SATA are two different things.
Another collateral question is why (list pci) lspci lists both... |
Most SATA controllers on PC-style (i.e. amd64 or i386) hardware are PCI-e (or PCI for older machines) devices, so you need PCI support for the kernel to see the SATA controllers. This is no big deal because almost everything else on your motherboard (including built-in sound card and ethernet interfaces) will be PCI ... | SATA ssd drives |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I have an ASUS P5Q deluxe from an old gaming computer that I'm converting to a server. Unfortunately, while their silly onboard fake RAID thing(drive xpert) worked fine in Windows, the drives are not being detected at all when I attempt to install openSUSE to them. I've tried disabling it and setting it to "normal" bu... |
As a rule of thumb, always turn off fakeraid (RAID which is declared in the BIOS but actually performed by an OS driver). Fakeraid only exists for two reasons:
because some OSes have no native RAID capabilities and need some external assistance;
because it lets hardware manufacturers advertise a feature that they are... | Installing to a PCIE sata card |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I have a Syba SI-PEX-40064 SATA adapter I am trying to install on a Slackware box with a ASRock G41M-S3 motherboard. After boot, I can see the interface with lspci, but it doesn't seem to have been recognized according to syslog and messages.
The Slackware version is 14.0
Any pointers on where I can get info to debug... |
I solved the problem. It turns out that the SATA gets lined up first in the drive list (sda, etc.) on that motherboard when it is used, and the MB is first when no adapter card is used.
This was confusing, but once I realized it, I needed a solution to specify a specific drive, no matter what the drive was called in ... | I am trying to figure out why a Marvell 88C9215 SATA adapter wont work with Slackware |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I need to list all mount points associates to external storage devices such as USB keyfobs and SATA external drives.
The only way I found under Ubuntu, is to call 'mount' and grep for '/media'. But I wonder if there is a better, more universal way.
All this from the command line interface (terminal/bash).
|
Looking in /media is a reasonable way to find hotplug block devices. You can also use lsblk to list the block devices and whether they are hotpluggable:
$ lsblk -l -p -o name,rm,hotplug,mountpoint
NAME RM HOTPLUG MOUNTPOINT
/dev/sda 0 0
/dev/sda1 0 0 /
/dev/sda2 0 0 [SWAP]
/dev/sda3 0 ... | List of mount points of external storage devices such as USB keyfobs and SATA external drives, from the cli |
1,296,885,230,000 |
My SATA HD used as an external disk connected to a USB port is not working. When I try to format it using sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdj1, I get: "Input/output error while writing out and closing file system".
In dmesg, I see
[ 3819.478357] usb 4-3: USB disconnect, device number 47
[ 3819.478535] xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: WARN ... |
Could be down to a bad USB cable or/and insufficient/missing external power source. Some USB ports are simply too underpowered to drive a HDD.
| External HDD disconnects when formating. Disk or SATA-to-USB adapter problem? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I have a TrueNAS Mini E (running FreeBSD 11.3-RELEASE-p14), which comes pre-configured with seven drives: 4 3.5" for main storage, two SSD caches, and a boot disk. The hardware has two more SATA ports on it, so I plugged in an 8th drive. But I can't get FreeBSD to recognize the drive. It doesn't show up in dmesg nor i... |
Seems like your extra sata ports might not be bios enabled or supported by the kernel? Dunno your hardware. To test things, get something that does USB to SATA (such as en enclosure or temporary cable). Use this to verify that your drive works. If your drive works, then those sata ports don't work for you.
| Getting FreeBSD to recognize a 8th SATA drive? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I'd like to know whether any sectors on my solid state drive are inaccessible due to
the host protected area (HPA)
or the device configuration overlay (DCO)
Is there a file in /proc/ I can read or any tool I can use to find out about HPA and DCO?
I'm on Arch Linux 5.9.14.
|
with hdparm
To find out about the host protected area, use hdparm's -N option, for example
sudo hdparm -N /dev/sda
yields this on my machine:
/dev/sda:
max sectors = 1953529856/1953529856, HPA is disabled
With --dco-identify we can find out about the device configuration overlay.
sudo hdparm --dco-identify /dev/sd... | Check for host protected area and device configuration overlay |
1,296,885,230,000 |
my Centos 6 server has been playing recently in that it seems to freeze up and lose network access. I've been getting a load of ata5 error messages in the log and after some digging have determined that the drive is sda, the root filesystem.
Another post with similar issues suggested changing the SATA cable, which i'v... |
Hard disk errors
ata error messages are caused by hardware errors from the disk controller. Errors such as the following are caused by failure to read correctly from the hard disk:
sd 4:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [descriptor]
May 26 14:05:21 centos kernel: Descriptor sense data with sense des... | Debug ata error messages? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
Background
When I assembled one of my servers with brand new disks WD Red 3TB, I have possibly made grave error in judgement, which was to use one older and one really old SATA (wikipedia) cables. My question is essencially of hardware background with a bit of history in running under Debian 10 Linux system.
Those ca... |
After replacing SATA cables (notably, the SATA v1 one)
So, what actually happened after replacing both SATA cables?
First, as mentioned in my question, I read both drives, no error there!
Second, I had an idea of the errors could have been write-specific, so I made a write test!
The following image has a large res... | Replacing old SATA cables. Could the old ones be cause of dmesg errors on HDDs? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
A HDD, which is older than 10 years, is getting read using a SATA-to-USB adapter.
When using sudo hdparm -y /dev/sdj, the HDD does not shut down.
But when using the Eject option in the File Manager, the HDD stops rotating.Side fact: The eject option in Microsoft Windows does shut the HDD down as well.
Why does hdparm ... |
The hdparm command only does one thing, namely issuing a specific ATA command which tells the drive to transition to a standby state. This doesn't prevent anything from immediately waking up the drive with a new command however so depending on the drive itself, it may not even try to spin down (the smart ones wait a... | Why does hdparm -y not spin down a HDD while the file managed does? (using Ejection option) |
1,296,885,230,000 |
By doing udevadm info -a /dev/sda
we can see something like:
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:3d/0000:3d:02.0/0000:60:00.0/host6/port-6:0/end_device-6:0/target6:0:0/6:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="6:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
However, this device is a SATA SSD, why it's subsystem is scsi?
This line:
KERNELS=="... |
The interface may be SATA or SAS or SCSI (or at least in part, ATA/IDE), but the protocol spoken on the interface is either scsi or a substantially similar superset (or in the case of IDE, subset) of SCSI or can be easily emulated by the SCSI protocol layer in the kernel.
| Why the subsystem of a SATA device is scsi? |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I got these messages for all drives after upgrading motherboard and processor from Intel to AMD
Happened on all 5 disks: ata1, ata14, ata2, ata5, ata6 (weirdly there's only 6 sata ports in the motherboard, but there's ata14?)
How to solve this? If possible without reinstall ubuntu
Already tried libata.force=noncq or ... |
Nevermind, my old kernel parameter for Intel is the problem pci=nomsi, removing this flag on /etc/default/grub then sudo update-grub, then reboot solves my problem
| ataX softreset failed 1st fis failed after switching motherboard |
1,296,885,230,000 |
there seems to be a problem with the hard disk. I just wanted to know if I can fix it somehow or I should throw it away. the problem is that the hard disk is not recognized.
https://pastebin.com/2BzytHdC
|
Try:
Check SATA cable. Change it if possible.
Try another SATA port, if possible.
If none of these action solve the problem, then your hard drive is probably dead:
[ 2211.157208] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] tag#8 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
[ 2211.157211] sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] tag#8 Sense Key : Medium E... | SATA hard disk not recognized |
1,296,885,230,000 |
I came across the following blurb in some RHEL 6 training documentation:
The number of drives that can be installed on modern computers has increased. With port multipliers, it's relatively easy to configure 16 Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) drives on a system (assuming you can fit all of those drives... |
RHEL's limitations are core- and RAM-based, not drive count-based; the wording is hinting at few chassis being able to mount more than 10 or so drives. Linux itself is limited to 128 SCSI drive devices (sda through sddx).
| Does RHEL 6 enforce software constraints on the number of SATA drvices that can exist on a system? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I'm planning to buy a new laptop in the coming days, and I'm quite impressed with new, cool Ultrabooks. As a long-time GNU/Linux user, I'll of course install a distro of my choice on it.
Chances are I'll have to buy a computer with Windows 8 pre-installed; and chances are it will run UEFI and have "secure boot", on wh... |
This process will prevent uncertified software from booting. This may have benefits although I can't see them.
You have a new security mechanism to control what can and what can not boot from your hardware. A security feature. You don't feel like you need it until it's too late. But I digress.
I have read a thread ... | The UEFI & SecureBoot impact, how severe? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I have a dual boot laptop Windows 10 / Linux mint 20. Secure boot enabled and also hard disk encryption, but the latter is maybe not important for the question.
By the way, my question is very similar to this one: https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=274365
I installed Windows and after that - Linux Mint. Afte... |
1. What is the initial "Continue boot" or "Enroll MOK" dialog that appears when you install Mint and reboot for the first time?
That is produced by shimx64.efi when it detects that there is a new MOK in a OS-accessible UEFI NVRAM variable, waiting to be installed.
2. If I had enrolled the MOK key, would Virtualbox hav... | "Enroll MOK" dialog after the 1-st reboot when you install Linux Mint 20.1 - what is it for (secure boot)? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
In my systemd jounal (journalctl) I often see this message:
hibernation is restricted; see man kernel_lockdown.7
This seems to stem from the kernel lockdown feature that (only?) is active when you boot in UEFI mode with secure boot enabled.
As far as I understand that this feature is supposed to prevent a program ru... |
As mentioned in the manpage,
Unencrypted hibernation/suspend to swap are disallowed as the kernel image is saved to a medium that can then be accessed.
Unencrypted hibernation stores the contents of the hibernated system’s memory as-is on disk. This allows an attacker to modify those contents while the system is hib... | Why does the kernel lockdown prevent hibernation? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I've got a new laptop with a Samsung BIOS (version P08AFD) and Aptio Setup Utility. When I try to boot a USB stick with Arch Linux 2016.10.01 it says that the signature is invalid. The documentation seems to assume that I've already booted into Arch Linux. So I'm stumped for how to continue:
Are the keys on the ISO s... |
Flash the ISO on the usb key as you would normally do.
Then:
navigate to ~\EFI\boot\
rename BOOTx64.EFI as loader.efi
download signed shim.efi in the same folder
rename it as BOOTx64.EFI
boot the thing and enroll from disk the ~\EFI\boot\loader.efi hash
EDIT: relevant bug
| How to boot Arch Linux installation medium with Secure Boot enabled? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
Following the instructions here: Secure Boot - ArchWiki worked great last year (2016). However, any keys created since the start of 2017 are refused by my Dell Optiplex 7440's UEFI firmware.
I can even set the date on my desktop to 31st Dec 2016 and create a valid Platform Key, but anything created with a later date f... |
Aaargh - Ubuntu 16.04 version of efitools: 1.4.2. Latest version of efitools: 1.7.0. Problem solved!
| UEFI Secure boot key restrictions? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I am currently aware of two recent methods to bind a LUKS encrypted root partition to a TPM2: systemd-cryptenroll and clevis. Both of them seem to release the encryption key after successfully checking the PCRs the key was sealed against.
But I don't like the idea of the volume being decrypted without user interaction... |
2022-05-21 - systemd v251
Support for TPM2 + PIN has been merged in systemd-cryptenroll and is available as part of release v251.
Changes in disk encryption:
systemd-cryptenroll can now control whether to require the user to
enter a PIN when using TPM-based unlocking of a volume via the new
--tpm2-with-pin= option.
... | LUKS + TPM2 + PIN |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I am trying to enroll a MOK under Ubuntu 20.04.1 for supporting some third-party kernel modules while keeping Secure Boot enabled. The system boots fine with the stock kernel and modules, but I am having issues with using the Mok Manager to enroll the generated MOK that is being used to sign third-party kernel modules... |
TLDR: Enter BIOS, this enabled the keyboard in MOK Manager for me. You don't need to change any setting there, you can directly exit it after entering it.
I had the same problem after installing Linux Mint 20.1 on my Lenovo Legion 5 Pro 16ACH6H.
After MOK Manager started it didn't recognize my keyboard. I had to short... | Keyboard does not work in MokManager during key enrollment |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I'm having a little trouble signing my zfs module in Fedora 27 using UEFI/Secure Boot and I hoped someone here might be able to help.
As a quick explanation for how I would normally do this, I sign the VirtualBox module using keys I have already generated and registered with efibootmgr, with the following command:
# ... |
You can unpack the compressed module, sign it, and re-compress it
unxz zfs.ko.xz
sign-file sha1 "${key}" "${x509}" "zfs.ko"
xz -f zfs.ko
or a bit more general (I use this for evdi, inspired by https://gist.github.com/dop3j0e/2a9e2dddca982c4f679552fc1ebb18df )
for module in $(dirname $(modinfo -n evdi))/*.ko*; do
mo... | Signing a compressed kernel module for use with Secure Boot |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I recently secure-booted Arch and Fedora on my RTX3050 equipped laptop.
As is the common knowledge, I had to sign my Nvidia modules on Fedora for the kernel to load them. However, I find that same is not the case with Arch. Arch loads the Nvidia modules even if they are not signed — provided, of course, that the kerne... |
As you discovered, this is enforced by CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_IN_EFI_SECURE_BOOT. That setting is supported by a kernel patch which hasn’t been merged upstream; you’ll find it in Fedora and RHEL kernels but not in Arch.
Since it hasn’t been merged upstream, you won’t find it in the upstream kernel documentation, or on any o... | How come Fedora ignores `module.sig_enforce` kernel parameter if SB is enabled but Arch does not? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I have copied arch linux iso image in a usb using rufus. I want to install arch linux on my laptop But should I disable Secure Boot in BIOS settings? Many OS Installations need it to be disabled. Is it also true for installing Arch Linux?
|
For installing it you will need to disable Secure Boot in the BIOS, but after installation you can re-enable it if you want.
| Should I disable secure boot to install arch linux |
1,565,725,271,000 |
My current config is Windows-11 (required for my job) and Ubuntu 21.10 dual-booting on an HP Probook G10. Since I have to have secure-boot to run Win-11, I have to live without hibernation on Linux (really really difficult).
I realize that hibernation is now officially disabled when secure-boot is enabled on all pre-... |
The lockdown LSM module is what disables hibernation, and there is a kernel compile flag for this called CONFIG_LOCK_DOWN_IN_EFI_SECURE_BOOT, set it to no and it won't enable lockdown in when EFI secure booted.
| Patching the kernel to allow hibernation with secure-boot enabled |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I own a rather older piece of server, Dell PowerEdge T20, with the latest BIOS version A20, link to Dell updates, screen of the update in case link goes dead in time:
This morning, when SSH'd into this server, I was greeted with a message that there is one firmware update available, see below for complete details, it... |
These are UEFI revocation list updates; they revoke signatures used for Secure Boot.
Since you don’t use Secure Boot they are irrelevant for you. Since UEFI capsule updates are disabled you probably wouldn’t be able to apply them anyway.
| What is this update exactly designed for? (new BIOS?) |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I'm setting up my arch linux to dual boot with windows and secure boot enabled. As far as I have understood secure boot, the goal is to prevent an attacker from modifying the boot manager and/or kernel. For windows, this also works when I leave my laptop unattended as a modified boot manager would not be signed with M... |
Secure boot does not in itself protect against an attacker with physical access to the machine. I recommend using a password to protect against unauthorized access to the firmware setup. The primary goal of secure boot is to prevent malware from inserting compromised kernels and boot loaders.
A user with physical acce... | Does secure boot + shim protect against evil maid? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
Can anyone tell me whether it is necessary, or even recommended to disable Secure Boot in UEFI before doing a fresh Ubuntu installation?
Ditto for CSM or Legacy Boot(BIOS) mode.
I leave both untouched from their defaults(enabled) and only disabled Fast Boot in UEFI before my most recent install (Ubuntu-mate 16.04).
CS... |
Yes, it only applies to older versions of Ubuntu. The current release supports secure boot and there's no reason to disable it.
| Latest Ubuntu and Secure Boot |
1,565,725,271,000 |
Currently dual booting Windows 8 and Linux Mint 14, sooner or later I will give more space to my Linux system.
Is resizing my Linux partition from the beginning a safe operation ?
If yes, could you provide the name of an utility that would help me achieve this ?
I am asking this because systematically when I did that ... |
gparted is a nice GUI tool for resizing partitions, or ext partitions at any rate. I have not tried it on NTFS filesystems, although apparently it can.
So yes, you can resize now or later. Just backup your personal tish first, just in case. Of course, if you know what is good for you, you keep that backed-up anyway... | Can I safely resize my partition from its beginning? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I just downloaded Pop!_OS 22.04 LTS (NVIDIA) from the official website, verified the checksum, flashed to a pen drive, and attempted to boot from it.
I forgot to disable Secure Boot as advised on the website, so unsurprisingly, I got an error message. However, the actual contents of the message surprised me:
Operatin... |
In mid-2020, a security vulnerability known as CVE-2020-10713 or BootHole was found. It affected just about all distributions that used GRUB2 with Secure Boot and had the GRUB acpi module included in their Secure Boot-compatible configuration. In its aftermath, security researchers focused more attention on the boot p... | Operating System Loader signature found in SecureBoot exclusion database ('dbx'). All bootable devices failed Secure Boot verification |
1,565,725,271,000 |
If I include Microsoft's keys in my secure boot setup, then any malware which has a Microsoft key can boot my Linux binary. Can I restrict my Linux binary to be booted only by a bootloader signed with my personal key?
I know I can sign the binary itself with my personal key, but that doesn't prevent malware with a dif... |
If I include Microsoft's keys in my secure boot setup, then any malware which has a Microsoft key can boot my Linux binary. Can I restrict my Linux binary to be booted only by a bootloader signed with my personal key?
No. You misunderstand the chain of trust. Earlier things need to verify later things. Later things ... | Can I require binary X to be booted only by a bootloader signed with key Y? |
1,565,725,271,000 |
As the title suggests, I'm trying to set up a system that uses PXE boot to boot into CentOS7 with custom signing keys. This process is adapted from several guides but the gist of it is that I use grub to load a grub.cfg, linux kernel and initramfs.gz (which contains the filesystem) from a tftpserver. These are verifie... |
I solved it. So my issue was that I didn't understand how I could deploy the shim key manually, as most methods utilize the mokmanager on their own system. This method doesn't work well with PXE, as you want to boot from another system. After trying different things as well as looking into the shim source code, I foun... | Custom signed Centos 7 PXE Secureboot with Shim and grub: invalid kernel signature |
1,565,725,271,000 |
After successfully installing Linux Mint 19.1 Cinnamon for the first time, I went through the recommended steps to take after the installation.
Here I also upgraded my system (after checking for and installing drivers).
During this upgrade process however, following message popped up:
Your System has UEFI Secure boo... |
In X.509v3 certificate lingo, a certificate extension can be specified as critical if the creator of the certificate (and/or the certifying authority) requires that whoever is validating this certificate must understand this extension or else treat this certificate as not valid.
The "Basic constraints" extension is th... | Signing a key via mokutil |
1,565,725,271,000 |
Can I, in GRUB, configure it to verify if the EFI file it is going to chainload being signed (using the Secure Boot database) and refuse to boot if not signed?
I had to disable secure boot for GRUB to allow me to dual-boot between Android and Windows. I don't want to lose that security for my Windows system.
I know GR... |
The question resolved itself:
If GRUB attempts to chainload a file that is not accepted by Secure Boot (if Secure Boot is activated), it will get an Access Denied error.
| Verify integrity of EFI file before chainloading |
1,565,725,271,000 |
I am writing my own OS loader (Boot Loader) in UEFI.
The OS Loader is Microsoft Signed so it can run under secure-boot.
The OS Loader will be able to load Windows or Linux Kernel based on User's Selection (Something similar to GRUB)
Since I have built Linux Kernel as EFI Stub, I can load it from my OS Loader.
However,... |
Your OS Loader needs to include a copy of the public part (a.k.a. the certificate) of the key you'll be using to sign your own kernel. Any time that key changes, you will need to have your OS Loader re-signed by Microsoft.
You might want to study the source code of the shimx64.efi Secure Boot shim bootloader that is u... | UEFI Self-Signed Kernel loading from a Microsoft Signed OS Loader |
1,565,725,271,000 |
Good evening, after searching on google I didn't find the answer to my question.
When installing a distribution such as Ubuntu with secure boot activated, the installer creates a MOK key in the NVRAM which can be seen with ‘mokutil -l ’.
Later, I decide to change distribution to Fedora, the installer will insert its o... |
The concept of MOK is not officially part of Microsoft's Secure Boot. It's implemented by Shim, a special loader that actually overrides the firmware's Secure Boot handling – it has its own signature verification code that allows MOK-signed loaders to completely bypass the built-in SB verification.
Therefore the MOK d... | About Secure Boot, MOK and NVRAM |
1,565,725,271,000 |
When I run mokutil --import MOK.der, I get
❯ mokutil --import MOK.der
input password:
password should be 1~256 characters
input password:
Failed to enroll new keys
|
The answer was very simply, run it as root
sudo mokutil --import MOK.der
| When I run mokutil, I get Failed to enroll new keys |
1,481,680,890,000 |
Hopefully, not too broad of a question.
For Windows 10, I was considering dual booting at least for the purposes of malware detection and removal. While AVG, and probably others, offer live rescue discs, what is feasible from an outside source?
Ideally I would use a laptop running Linux to scan the windows pc, but le... |
For the most part an AV just scans files. It will remove malicious Windows payloads when running on Linux (and vice versa). The detection doesn't depend on the host architecture or operating system at all, as malware code is not being run by the AV at runtime. So, as long as you mount your Windows NTFS partition somew... | how do I scan the windows partition for malware? |
1,481,680,890,000 |
From what I know UEFI and its Secure Boot are deeply problematic and certainly not the way forward.
See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Criticism
Also here it says:
In case of SecureBoot the UEFI system which needs to validate the
signatures is not open source. And even if it w... |
Closest thing to UEFI alternative is coreboot.
| Is there an open source alternative to UEFI's Secure Boot? [closed] |
1,481,680,890,000 |
From time to time my NVIDIA drivers (signed with MOK) are not being loaded on my dual boot machine (Ubuntu 22.04 and Windows 11). I'm resolving the issue by reinstalling the same drivers with the same signing keys.
Signing keys are on the same path all the time (I'm not deleting them or moving somewhere else).
It's co... |
You are getting kernel security updates, which include a new kernel package with a new set of kernel modules to match it each time. Apparently you don't have any automation set up to rebuild your NVIDIA kernel modules whenever that happens.
There is a package called dkms which can automate the rebuilding of third-part... | MOK signed NVIDIA drivers are not loading after some time |
1,481,680,890,000 |
Follow up to Grub updated and now I can't get in to the BIOS, how can I fix it?. Short version: couldn't boot to a USB thumbdrive after updating grub. I reset the BIOS to factory default (with the jumper) and now I can't boot at all, it says "Invalid signature detected. Check Secure Boot Policy in Setup."
Worth reiter... |
From the screenshots you posted, I see that the firmware copyright messages specify year 2014... and that the "Advanced" section has a submenu titled "Windows 8/8.1 Configuration".
Back in 2014, Windows 8.1 was still the newest version of Windows for desktops, and Secure Boot was introduced in Windows 8. It is very li... | Reset my BIOS. Now how do I fix "Invalid signature detected. Check Secure Boot Policy in Setup."? |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I try to install KDE Neon 18.04 on my Dell Laptop (from USB drive).
The installer asks me if I want to use third party software/drivers. Yes, I want to use them (when available).
Directly below that option I am allowed to configure Secure Boot. When ticking that checkbox I need to set a password for Secure Boot.
Direc... |
More and more Linux distributions are adding the necessary facilities for full support of Secure Boot. That can include include configuring Secure Boot with a custom certificate, and signing third-party modules using that certificate when installed using the distribution's standard procedure. If the provider of the th... | Neon installation - Secure Boot vs third party drivers |
1,481,680,890,000 |
After installing a Linux distro (Fedora 19, to be exact) on a Windows 8 machine I got the message:
No boot disk has been detected or the disk has failed.
What did I do wrong?
|
Turned out the problem was that I had tried to install a 32 bit version of Linux. When installing on an x86 system with Secure Boot (UEFI) a 64 bit version of Linux is needed.
| Why am I getting "no boot disk has been detected" after installing Linux? |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I seem to have run into some difficulties trying to install Linux alongside my USB. I made a bootable USB stick and done all the UEFI firmware settings from which I disabled fast boot.
Now when I run my USB from the boot menu, the first screen shown is the options for Linux: "try it for free", "install Ubuntu" and so... |
Upgrading to Ubuntu 13.10 fixed the problem for me.
| Ubuntu load and hang on live USB [closed] |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I installed the proprietary NVIDIA drivers on my PC using the option my distribution (Zorin OS) gave me upon first installation. Unfortunately, the signature of the driver was not enrolled to MOK, which lead to Secure Boot stopping it from loading.
Running modinfo nvidia tells me that the drivers are indeed signed, ye... |
You don't enroll a specific signature; you enroll the (public part of the) key you use to make the signatures. Usually (= unless you take over the control of the entire Secure Boot key hierarchy on your system), that key is called the Machine Owner's Key, or MOK for short.
Since Zorin is based on Ubuntu, which is in t... | MOKutil: Enroll key of already installed driver |
1,481,680,890,000 |
Mostly a general linux question, but where it needs to be specific I am referencing Debian 12 Bookworm amd64 UEFI booting through grub(not direct kernel stub).
I have secure boot disabled in firmware for some multiboot reasons and I have options for signed or unsigned kernels.
Are there any negative impacts of a sign... |
If Secure Boot is disabled, the signature on a signed kernel isn’t used, and it behaves like an unsigned kernel.
There are no incompatibilities, and you can load modules without signing them.
See above, no special build is required.
Yes, you can have unsigned kernels alongside signed kernels.
| Is there a downside to a signed kernel? |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I'm producing a yocto build, and want to enable UEFI Secure Boot on the intel machine I'm using. This is a pretty basic yocto build, using core-image-minimal and meta-intel. The artifacts it produces look like:
./core-image-minimal-intel-corei7-64.wic
./bzImage-intel-corei7-64.bin
./bzImage--6.1.38+git0+d62bfbd59e_1... |
Try clearing the PK (Primary Key) before trying to input other keys. This should place Secure Boot into Setup Mode in which there should be minimal restrictions on key updates. After updating any other Secure Boot key variables to suit your needs, input your key as the PK to return Secure Boot to normal mode.
Primaril... | How do I enable UEFI secure boot for a linux build made with yocto? |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I'm running ubuntu with Secure Boot on. Everything works fine when I use a kernel that comes packaged from cannonical. Still, I have issues running a self-signed kernel. I'm pretty sure my signature with MOK key is OK (verification below), but still when I try to boot the kernel from grub, after selecting the correct ... |
MOK.pem is generated on Ubuntu/Debian systems with extended usage attributes set to support kernel module signing only. That certificate is not usable to sign UEFI bootloaders or kernels as needed to pass verification by shim.
In shim source code you can see that:
#define OID_EKU_MODSIGN "1.3.6.1.4.1.2312.16.1.2"
... | Can't load self-signed kernel with Secure Boot on: "bad shim signature" |
1,481,680,890,000 |
I am in the process of configuring Secure Boot with my own keys (PK, KEK and DB). And so far I have done everything:
Building Unified Kernel Image (UKI)
Making standalone GRUB binary
Generating own PK, KEK and DB keys; signed GRUB and UKI.
And I can boot into GRUB and Linux with Secure Boot enabled. But I also dual ... |
Okay so while I did not manage to sign Microsoft's KEK I just force re-signed esp/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi and esp/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgtf.efi with my keys. And yes, after time windows update I might need to re-sign it but I have automatic updates disabled and I those files should not be updated too offen.
| How to configure Secure Boot with own keys and import Microsoft KEK and DB certificates? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I have a new desktop computer with Intel i7-12700 32GB RAM.
I am doing build code stuff, I use the sensors command to check CPU temperature, and I found most of the cores are @ 100C.
Is that normal?
Will CPU hardware itself control the frequency to fit the temperature?
update
I checked dmesg and found many logs as bel... |
Whether it’s normal for your system depends on a number of factors; however 100°C is on the high end for a desktop system and you should try to address that. Typically, that would involve improving the system’s cooling: the overall airflow in the case itself (assuming your CPU isn’t water-cooled), the CPU cooler and i... | CPU temperature often reaches 100°C |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I want to use i3status to display my CPU-Core temperatures (haswell i7). However the setting:
order += "cpu_temperature 1"
#...
cpu_temperature 1{
format = "T: %degree °C"
}
#
doesn't display the correct core temperature. The numbers it shows seem to correspond to the value xsensors shows for temp1, if I chan... |
i3status
Using i3status I believe you can change your configuration slightly so that it gets the CPU's core temperature directly from /sys by providing a path to its value. So change your rule to something like this:
order += "cpu_temperature 1"
# and more if you like...
# order += "cpu_temperature 2"
#...
cpu_tem... | How to get core temperature of haswell i7 cores in i3status |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I am trying to find a way to access and/or control fan speed via Linux on an Intel Q45 Express/ICH10DO chipset. This chipset contains a feature called Intel Quiet System Technology (Intel QST), which is a part of the Intel Management Engine (Intel ME) running on an embedded co-processor. Intel describes QST as follows... |
This answer documents definitive information on Linux support for Intel QST, which was assembled by tracking down archives of the defunct lm-sensors mailing list and directly contacting the authors of some of those messages. The information here is organized in chronological order of the development of Linux QST suppo... | What is the state of Linux kernel support for Intel Quiet System Technology (Intel QST)? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I've recently got a non-touchscreen hp laptop with a hdd accelerometer. After upgrading it to Debian testing I noticed that whenever I tilt my laptop upwards past +45 deg, the screen rotates upside down. The opposite happens when I tilt my laptop -45 deg. To clarify, I am facing my laptop with the screen facing me wit... |
The whole story you mention is actually a kind of bug in iio-sensor-proxy or in your DE code who makes use of iio-sensor-proxy info.
Is not bios or kernel that does the rotation but the marriage between iio-sensor-proxy and your Desktop Environment.
DE like Gnome (and Cinnamon as turns out) does screen auto rotate b... | accelerometer + screen rotation on non-touchscreen laptop? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I've built a new computer with a AMD Ryzen 5700G and to my surprise, no sensor information is picked up whatsoever. I thought perhaps the new AMD chips would not yet be recognized by Linux, but the docs say otherwise.
Here's sudo sensors-detect:
# sensors-detect version 3.6.0+git
# System: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd... |
The driver in Linux 5.14 doesn't support these APUs yet, it will be available in 5.15 but you can grab it now and compile in 5.14 (must be safe).
| No temperature reading on Ryzen 5700G? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I have a tablet with builtin sensors which allow me automatic screen rotation, based on iio-sensors-proxy. However, the screen orientation is off, and I need to fix it.
On it's GitHub page (https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/master/hwdb/60-sensor.hwdb) is explained how to change this behavior: Create a file /etc/... |
I just solved this problem for my Lenovo Miix 320.
You already have the driver name:
udevadm info -n /dev/iio:device0
In your case: KIOX000A
Then find out vendor and productname with dmidecode (should be one of the first hits, in my Case LENOVO and XF80):
dmidecode | grep Manufacturer
dmidecode | grep Product
Now j... | Change iio-sensors data via custom ACCEL_MOUNT_MATRIX |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I have a Phenom X3-8450e which has a total of 3 cores. But when I ran "sensors" on a terminal I got this:
$ sensors
atk0110-acpi-0
Adapter: ACPI interface
Vcore Voltage: +0.99 V (min = +0.85 V, max = +1.60 V)
+3.3 Voltage: +3.38 V (min = +2.97 V, max = +3.63 V)
+5 Voltage: +5.02 V (min ... |
Use sensors-detect to configure the missing sensors, if they are available.
At my machine, there is a second sensor device handling the per-core sensors:
[...]
coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 0: +54.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C)
Core 0: +53.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +98.0°C)
Core... | How to check the cpu temperatures core by core? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I was wondering how Linux could handle a Gamer Computer, so I have built one, but as we know GeForce does not like Linux so much as AMD, that is why I choose the last.
I built up a computer with AMD Ryzen 7 1800X CPU and Radeon RX 560D GPU, as the Vega is too expensive for me to purchase, and the benchmarking said 560... |
I found the solution, there are some files on /sys/class/drm/card0/device the file pp_dpm_mclk indicates GPU memory clock, and the file pp_dpm_sclk indicates GPU core clock, mine:
$ egrep -H . /sys/class/drm/card0/device/pp_dpm_*
/sys/class/drm/card0/device/pp_dpm_mclk:0: 300Mhz
/sys/class/drm/card0/device/pp_dpm_mcl... | How to prevent GPU from overheating and auto turning off |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I have a Dell XPS 13 Laptop (old series) with ArchLinux and Gnome 3.18.
I've read in official gnome 3.18 release notes that
If a light sensor is present, GNOME will now automatically adjust the
display brightness in order to adjust for the ambient light level.
Can be tested using a ColorHugALS device for those who ... |
In the end I managed to get it working thanks to the support of one of the iio-sensor-proxy and kernel developers.
In my case I had to pull iio-sensor-proxy from git and apply this patch:
diff --git a/src/drv-iio-poll-light.c b/src/drv-iio-poll-light.c
index c2c5821..b568e78 100644
--- a/src/drv-iio-poll-light.c
+++ b... | Ambient light sensor support in GNOME 3.18 |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I am trying, and failing, to determine my CPU's Vcore voltage. My CPU is a Ryzen 3700X in an ASRock 570M Pro motherboard, using Arch Linux (fully updated).
I downloaded the lm_sensors package, ran sensors-detect and accepted all scans, and then ran watch sensors. My output when the CPU is idle with only the terminal ... |
Do you currently have any compute in0 statements in your /etc/sensors.conf, /etc/sensors3.conf or /etc/sensors.d/*.conf that would apply to sensor chip nct6798-isa-0290? If you have, comment them out and run sensors --set as root.
Then look at the value again.
According to my old notes (probably scribbled up from a da... | How to measure CPU voltage on a 570 motherboard with lm_sensors? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
If I understand correctly, in Linux, everything is a path, right down to each piece of hardware. I am trying to get information about how my sensors are structured, so I thought I would just use tree to map out all the things in my hwmon directory. However, tree does not behave the same with this directory as I am acc... |
tree behaves that way because it doesn’t dereference symlinks by default. The -l option will change that:
tree -l /sys/class/hwmon/
but you’ll have fun making sense of all the output.
| Why can't tree fully list /sys/class/hwmon? And how could I do that? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I use sensors to keep an eye on CPU temperatures on the console. This is part of the output:
coretemp-isa-0001
Adapter: ISA adapter
Physical id 1: +45.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +90.0°C)
Core 0: +39.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +90.0°C)
Core 1: +39.0°C (high = +80.0°C, crit = +90.0°C)
Core 2: ... |
Usage: sensors | ./color_sensors.awk
Usage with watch: watch -c 'sensors | ./color_sensors.awk'
#!/usr/bin/awk -f
BEGIN {
DEFAULT_COLOR = "\033[;m";
RED = "\033[1;31m";
MAGENTA = "\033[1;35m";
# CPU_thresholds
cpu_high = 60;
cpu_middle = 50;
# GPU_thresholds
gpu_hig... | Colorize output from sensors |
1,673,331,131,000 |
The temp[[:digit:]] things are confusing. Can the output of sensors be more human readable?
$ sensors
acpitz-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1: +59.0°C (crit = +127.0°C)
temp2: +60.0°C (crit = +100.0°C)
thinkpad-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
fan1: 2990 RPM
temp1: +59.0°C
temp2: ... |
It seems you could do this by editing the /etc/sensors3.conf file as discussed here.
To have sensors use describing labels like above, you can add the
following section to /etc/sensors3.conf, if not already there. Use the
sensor location findings below.
You could add the details as below.
chip "thinkpad-isa-00... | How do I know what tempX mean in sensors output? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
Here I am repeating a question previously asked in a sister forum, as it is relevant here and I have neither received a response, nor been able to resolve the issue.
On my ThinkPad T470 which is a dual boot with Linux Ubuntu 18.04 and Windows 10, everything was working fine in Ubuntu until after a while I needed to bo... |
It sounds like you are going to have to do some manual intervention to get ACPI working properly with your hardware
https://github.com/vmatare/thinkfan/
echo "options thinkpad_acpi fan_control=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/thinkfan.conf
Load the module like this.
$ su
# modprobe thinkpad_acpi
# cat /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
Then e... | Fan constantly running at full speed |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I've been using Linux for 99% of the time on my Dell XPS15 9550. It has an Intel i5-6300HQ (Skylake) CPU.
On Windows, I can monitor the voltage of the CPU using a plethora of different software: Intel XTU, HWinfo, CPU-Z, AIDA64 and many more. On Linux, my only shot seems to be with LM-Sensors... which unfortunately do... |
I found out i7z actually does report the Vcore on my system. My terminal was simply not wide enough to show the last column, which was indeed Vcore.
So a partial answer is: use i7z. However, it would be even better to have this data collected by lm-sensors too. Currently it does not, so most monitoring programs that u... | How to monitor CPU voltage for a Dell XPS15 9550 (Skylake i5-6300HQ) under Linux |
1,673,331,131,000 |
I am using lm sensor in my embedded linux.
It is working fine.
When I am executing the sensors command I am getting following data.
lm75-i2c-0-48
Adapter: 21a0000.i2c
temp1: +28.5 C (h... |
I can tell you roughly what these sensors are, if that helps:
eth0_dsa0-virtual-0 is a temperature sensor on the eth0 device, that is, a motherboard or card LAN adapter.
You have two chips on an I2C bus (slow simple serial bus), probably both lm75 (and you made a copy-and-paste error for the first). That's a simple te... | Which temperature belongs to which sensor? |
1,673,331,131,000 |
So after installing lm-sensors and hddtemp , I run sensors in the command line in linux, when it displays the temperatures it does it in Celsius, how can I make it display the temperature in Fahrenheit?
|
# sensors -f
should do it according to man sensors:
-f
Print the temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius.
| Sensors : How to display the temperature in Fahrenheit? |
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