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1,328,574,065,000 |
NTFS provides something called journal. I think it is a record of actions like file rename/move/deletes done by any application. Can I get the similar journal or log on Linux + BTRFS? One BTRFS partition, which is used by only one Linux installation.
Example of NTFS Journal on Google Images:
|
I think you misunderstand the purpose of the journal. It is not a log of the actions done by applications, and doesn't record which application caused a change. It is not intended for users or administrators. It's intended as an internal tool for the filesystem.
For performance, disk writes do not always take place in... | Does Linux provide file system journaling with Btrfs? |
1,328,574,065,000 |
I'm going to move journal to another partition, but I don't know how to correctly caculate the size needed for journal?
I'm running ext4 file system with 15GB capacity.
|
$ man mkfs.ext4
The size of the journal must be at least 1024 filesystem blocks (i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if using 4k blocks, etc.) and may be no more than 102,400 filesystem blocks.
I think the default size is 128MB but not sure, that might be dated. Anyways I don't think moving journal to another partiti... | Keep ext4 journal on another system, how much space would be necessary? |
1,328,574,065,000 |
Leaving out many details, I need to create a read/write file system on a device with the following main goals:
Eliminate all writes while data is not being explicitly written.
Reduce all indirect writes when data is written.
Run fsck on boot after unclean unmount.
Currently I am using ext3, mounted with noatime. I a... |
You don't need to switch to ext2, you can tune ext3.
You can change fsck requirements of a filesystem using tune2fs. A quick look tells me the correct command is tune2fs -c <mount-count>, but see the man page for the details.
You can change how data will be written to the ext3 filesystem during mounting. You want eit... | Minimizing "idle" writes on a file system |
1,328,574,065,000 |
I hope that this is not a duplicate question. I have seen several similar questions, where the answer was to blacklist the respective device or partition. But in my case, I can't do that (see below). Having said this:
On a debian buster x64 host, I have created a VM (based on QEMU). The VM runs on a block device parti... |
By passing -o norecovery to mount, you could mount the filesystem without making use of the journal at all.
Man page for mount, ext3 section:
norecovery/noload
Don't load the journal on mounting. Note that if the filesystem was not unmounted cleanly, skipping the journal replay will lead to the filesystem containing ... | How to keep the kernel from accessing the journal on an ext4 partition? |
1,328,574,065,000 |
I'm quite sure it didn't happen before I started using LUKS and LVM on my disk (2 or 3 weeks ago), but now root user is constantly (every 2-3 seconds) writing (not reading, just writing) on disk and I can't figure out why.
The disk has one LUKS partition with one LVM group, which contains both root (ext4) and home (ex... |
I've finally managed to reduce dramatically this constant writing activity on the disk, though still I don't understand totally how all this is linked. I guess this is not a perfect solution to the problem, but fixed it to me some way, so for if it helps someone:
I've edited the /etc/fstab file adding to the options ... | Why is OS constantly writing to disk (ext4) on a Ubuntu 14.04 machine? Is it normal? |
1,328,574,065,000 |
I need help recovering from a stupid mistake. I was using an old laptop hard drive to evaluate a Linux distro (PCLinuxOS), and have invested some time in customizing it or I would just start over.
It was connected via an IDE/USB adapter cable and was in the middle of a session with the laptop asleep. Without thin... |
Removing the drive mid-session did cause file system corruption. However, what made the problem difficult to solve was that it was compounded by a hardware issue. The external enclosure turned out to be defective. I tried the original IDE/USB adapter cable again, and was able to interface with the drive.
It initi... | How to recover after messing with hard drive during mid-session sleep? [closed] |
1,328,574,065,000 |
Total DISK READ: 1056.26 K/s | Total DISK WRITE: 9.20 M/s
TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND
1055 be/4 root 0.00 B 11.64 M 0.00 % 1.99 % [kjournald]
1054 be/4 root 0.00 B 9.72 M 0.00 % 1.70 % [kjournald]
1053 be/4 root 0.00 B 5.21 M 0... |
You cannot see the real sum of all write from iotop.
iotop row number is limited by your terminal height, processes maybe push off the screen by other processes with more recent I/O activities.
Processes that wrote to disk then ended will not stay on the list. (eg. httpd spawn/fork process. Base on PID of httpd, I be... | why kjournald uses writes so much? |
1,328,574,065,000 |
Preface (my 1st attempt ended badly): Fstab adding data=journal crashed my Linux' ext4 upon boot, how to fix?
I can't find some reliable step-by-step instructions on How to enable data=journal ext4 fs mode? (It is my root file system.)
Can anyone help? Thank you!
OS: Linux Mint 21.1 Cinnamon
Here is the tune2fs dump... |
Since this is your root filesystem, adding the mount option in /etc/fstab would pose a bit of a chicken-vs-egg problem: the system would need to know the mount option before starting to mount the root filesystem, but the /etc/fstab file cannot be read until the root filesystem is already mounted.
That's why there is a... | How to enable data=journal ext4 fs mode? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I want to use logind for power management. After 30 minutes of inactivity, I would like the computer to suspend.
Problem is, right now, it suspends after 30 minutes, even when I am active with mouse and keyboard. My logind.conf:
[Login]
HandlePowerKey=suspend
IdleAction=suspend
IdleActionSec=30min
My Ubuntu 15.04 set... |
When I do
dbus-send --system --print-reply \
--dest=org.freedesktop.login1 /org/freedesktop/login1/session/self \
"org.freedesktop.login1.Session.SetIdleHint" boolean:false
I get
Error org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported: Idle hint control is not supported on non-graphical sessions.
which suggests that the p... | How do I tell systemd-logind that the session is not idle, without using a desktop environment or session manager? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
As you can read, for instance here, logind, which is a part of systemd, can set permissions to some devices for user sessions. There's also a vid showing how this kind of behavior works in practice. In short, if you start, let's say, amarok, and you play some song, you will hear the sound till you switch to another us... |
Pulseaudio is started via xdg autostart, which can be found under ~/.config/autostart/ . There's a file called pulseaudio.desktop, and in that file I've changed the default exec line to this one:
Exec=/usr/bin/sg audio -c "pulseaudio -D"
When I log in to the system, the pulseaudio process looks like this:
$ ps -eo us... | Is there a way to set permissions so a process could use a specific device? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I've got a VirtualBox instance of Oracle Linux 7.2 which won't start because of Failed to start Login Service. On the booting sequence the process hangs on this message and doesn't continue, so I can't even log in and execute systemctl status systemd-logind.service.
The probable cause for this is, that I removed zsh w... |
I found out that after changing /etc/passwd it didn't have the right SELinux settings anymore. I don't really need SELinux on my machine so I solved the problem by disabling SELinux altogether. This is easily done by modifying the file /etc/selinux/config and setting the option SELINUX=permissive (if you want to keep ... | Cannot login: Failed to start Login Service |
1,434,123,480,000 |
When I use ssh to log in to the root user on my server, an entry 0 is created in /var/run/user because pam_systemd tells systemd-logind to do this. This is an indicator that a user session has been started for uid 0.
Then, when I run su jack, I still only see the 0 entry in /var/run/user; no entry has been made for th... |
The PAM module does not create a session if the current process is already a member of an existing session. I found the following workaround to create a session from an existing session:
systemd-run --system --scope \
su -l
Basically you run su -l inside a system level scope, this is not part of the current user ... | Why isn't a systemd user session started by `su`? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I am wondering how the login actually works. It certainly is not part of the kernel, because I can set the login to use ldap for example, or keep using /etc/passwd; but the kernel certainly is able to use information from it to perform authentication and authorization activities.
There is also a systemd daemon, calle... |
The login binary is pretty straightforward (in principle). It's just a program that runs as root user (started, indirectly through getty or an X display manager, from init, the first user-space process). It performs authentication of the logging-in user, and if that is successful, changes user (using one of the setu... | How does the Linux login work? [duplicate] |
1,434,123,480,000 |
The logind.conf page says something about compiled defaults and multiple configurations files that has precedence rules. All those make it difficult for me to figure out what the current setting is. Is there a way to print the current settings that systemd-logind.service has currently loaded and is using?
|
I don't know a way to show the currently loaded settings, but the next best thing is to use systemd-analyze:
systemd-analyze cat-config systemd/logind.conf
As you probably already read in the manual:
Initially, the main configuration file in /etc/systemd/ contains commented out entries showing the defaults as a guid... | systemd-logind.service, get current settings? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
The logind.conf man page says:
IdleAction=
Configures the action to take when the system is idle. Takes one of "ignore", "poweroff", "reboot", "halt", "kexec", "suspend", "hibernate", "hybrid-sleep", "suspend-then-hibernate", and "lock". Defaults to "ignore".
I've not seen the kexec value explained anywhere. What ex... |
Yes, there is a kexec command-line tool that you can use to kexec into a new kernel.
From an user's point of view, using kexec is about the same as using reboot, except it tends to be quicker since the current kernel loads the new one and starts executing it (bypassing BIOS, firmware, boot loader, etc.)
The point of l... | What does logind.conf `IdleAction=kexec` do exactly? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I have one Debian Sid system that uses logind for its user sessions. It is odd that that system is not even running systemd. The logind sessions are independent of X and are in effect for the tty sessions before X is even started. However, I do not know how this occurred and even the distro's lead developer cannot exp... |
Ok, I discovered a solution. I'm not sure how correct it is, but it is working, although with a few glitches.
The main solution was to add line
-session optional pam_systemd.so
to file /etc/pam.d/login and
session optional pam_systemd.so
to file /etc/pam.d/common-session. This requires package libpam-systemd.
This... | How do I get Debian to use systemd-logind for user session control? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I'm running essentially an X-based kiosk program on an embedded Linux and I want to disable the ability to log-in under some configurations. I want to run some distro-nonspecific console commands in the Exec of one systemd service early in boot to disable all login prompts, including the one on the first virtual term... |
Masking the getty services turned out to be the way to go. Adding console-getty.service and [email protected] to the list of masked services disabled the login prompt on TTY1. Effectively systemd-logind is responsible for starting additional virtual terminal sessions, and getty is responsible for serving login promp... | How do I disable all login prompts, including on VT 1 on a systemd system |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Xorg integrates with systemd-logind, allowing it to effectively open the devices it needs without being run as the super-privileged root user. When the systemd-logind session ends, systemd-logind revokes Xorg's access to the devices (revoking the file descriptors[1]).
But does ending the session actually cause Xorg t... |
No. The code does not listen for it, and it can blithely continue running without access to any devices (and no expectation of re-gaining access). I believe this is an oversight in Xorg's integration with systemd-logind.
Currently Xorg requires to be run in the "scope" unit associated with the session. Although it ... | Does the current version of Xorg listen for the systemd-login session being closed? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I have an headless Raspbian Jessie on a Raspberry Pi. I've set it up as read-only root to prevent SD card corruption.
When I try to use loginctl on it, it doesn't show any active sessions. But as I understand, it should at lease show the current SSH session I'm working on.
$ loginctl
SESSION UID USER ... |
I had to install libpam-systemd.
Once I installed it and rebooted, it worked.
| loginctl doesn't show anything |
1,434,123,480,000 |
After converting a server to use SSSD for authentication the following line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth caused very long (10-20 second) hangs when SSHing into the server:
-session optional pam_systemd.so
Removing this line fixed the hang, but of course whenever authconfig --update -... |
The relevant manual page can be invoked with man authconfig.
In EL variants, the configuration file is /etc/sysconfig/authconfig, but the documentation does not specify any setting for systemd. On CentOS7/RHEL7, authconfig is a symbolic link to the file, /usr/share/authconfig/authconfig.py.
command -v authconfig
ls -... | Where does the pam_systemd.so line come from in system-auth and password-auth? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I looked around and didn't found anything on this, for what I've seen, people always have been satisfied with what logind.conf is offering, here is the interesting part of man logind.conf:
HandlePowerKey=, HandleSuspendKey=, HandleHibernateKey=, HandleLidSwitch=, HandleLidSwitchDocked=
Controls how logind shall... |
Finally I found a solution, but by luck because I'm using openbox:
And in my case under LXDE, then, edit ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml and in <keyboard> ... </keyboard> section add:
<keybind key="XF86PowerOff">
<action name="Execute">
<command>command or script to run</command>
</action>
</keyb... | Is it possible to run a script on power button press with systemd? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I'd like to suspend my laptop using at:
echo "systemctl suspend" | at now + 5 minutes
Suspension does not happen, instead I find a mail from at in /var/spool/mail/me:
Failed to set wall message, ignoring: Interactive authentication required.
Failed to suspend system via logind: Interactive authentication required.
Fa... |
Presumably the commands run by at are in a different environment, without access to your tty device and dbus settings and so on.
Systemd has its own version of the at command. You can use it to run your command in an environment that seems to be ok for further systemd commands.
So use the equivalent command:
systemd-r... | Shutdown, suspend require authentication when scheduled in at |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Question
How do I run an arbitrary service as an arbitrary user at boot with a logind session (specifically including all of the goodies under /run/user/uid) created for this user and without having to explicitly log in as this user?
Background
I am in the process of converting a docker-compose deployment for use with... |
So, after a lot of head scratching I was able to get a workable solution to this which turned out to be simpler, if less than elegant, than I thought. Let's cut to the chase and look at the functional unit file:
[Unit]
Description=Emby Podman Container
[email protected]
[email protected]
[Service]
User=emby
Group=me... | Run Systemd Service as Another User with Logind Session |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I am looking for a consistant way of getting the name of the built-in monitor in a laptop. To be exact, I am looking for the name of the monitor that will be turned off when the lid is closed. I was just wondering if there is a way without any hypothesis on the name (not listing every existing names...).
At first, it ... |
There's no universal and guaranteed reliable way to tell if a screen is internal.
There's simply no standardized hardware flag that would tell you "this screen is physically built into the same case as the rest of the computer". So you need to guess, and the type of the interface is a good source of some hints, just b... | Differentiate internal and external monitors |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Right now my system is doing disk IO when I switch from a text console on tty6 to GNOME on tty3. 1.4GB of swap is in use.
On tty6, I ran sudo lsof -p 1 | grep dev, to check if it was a similar issue to "What could be using 6GB of my swap?". Based on the background information there, I would expect PID 1 to have open... |
I think the VT switch caused gnome-shell to release input devices (ReleaseDevice method in logind dbus API). This causes logind to remove the FD for the device.
So this is most likely affected by the issue #8344 "session_device_free(sd) also drops all other device fds of that session" . A fix is merged for systemd v2... | Why does systemd *not* have `/dev/dri/...` open? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I have recently upgraded the workstations from Debian 9 to Debian 10. With the
old version people have been able to mount USB drives and play and record sound
(for video conferences). After the update neither of it works.
Remote user accounts
There have been some peculiarities with the user accounts, so perhaps that i... |
I had the same issue and eventually found this:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/7074
I tried all kinds of tricks but what finally fixed it for me was simply:
sudo apt-get install nscd
Here's what "apt-cache show nscd" says:
Description-en: GNU C Library: Name Service Cache Daemon
A daemon which handles pa... | NIS users sessions are incomplete after upgrade to Debian 10 |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Per logind.conf(5), the file has IdleAction=, and one of the values it can take is lock
I have tried IdleAction=lock with IdleActionSec=1min (with a view to setting this to 15min for our organization) but it does nothing.
Did the systemd developers remove this functionality without also removing the documentation from... |
The assumption is correct - at time of writing, IdleAction=lock is not implemented. Bug report has been filed - 16391
| IdleAction=lock no longer works in systemd, correct? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Desktops such as GNOME have moved processes from the per-session scope, into the per-user systemd manager (systemd --user). This includes GUI apps such as GNOME Terminal.
What does GNOME use the systemd user manager to achieve? Is there a rationale somewhere I can read?
GNOME appears to copy the environment variabl... |
There are a number of benefits to this, but the primary one is to place each application in its own kernel cgroup. This allows gnome-shell to do application matching more reliably, and one can use resource controls to (for example) say Epiphany only gets 20% of system RAM.
Furthermore, this lays some fundamental grou... | Why is a systemd user manager used in desktop sessions e.g. GNOME? |
1,434,123,480,000 |
I had a question earlier, it is tied into this, that one was looking for the proper procedure, this one is looking how to implement. If you need a backstory refer to My first question
I have a local device. I am the only one I want to have "local access". lets call this device charles.local
I want to have it, so whe... |
I don't have enough points to comment, but there's some chance this might also answer your question.
If I'm understanding you correctly, you want to allow local user logins, and once a user is logged in, spin up a new VM from scratch and auto-configure a user session of the same name? That could get pretty hair very q... | Setting up VM login instead of Local login [closed] |
1,434,123,480,000 |
Background/Context
Im running a Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) x86_64(5.4.174-2-pve) virtualized server on a LVC container(proxmox stuff). Im really new to both debian(i tipically use arch linux which is roll and release) and proxmox as i barely touch on it(basically a family member of mine gave me a container for me ... |
Solved!
Alright, although i wasn't able to fix everything yet im at a point where i consider the above to be fixed.
The problem is easier to solve than i thought, so if you wonder around here i guess you are just as clueless as me so im gonna try to go slow in order to prevent people from wasting time.
LoginD
LoginD w... | sys-kernel-debug, and logind service fail causing noticeable delay on logging in |
1,434,123,480,000 |
After resuming from a hybrid-sleep, I can log in (swaylock) and initially it seems ok - pwd, journalctl -xe run as expected in the shell still open from when I put it to sleep.
After a short while though, tens of seconds, when I'd exited journalctl (I just wanted to confirm it had actually been asleep) CPU load increa... |
I'm not sure of the precise cause; but the root of my problems ended up being that I hadn't booted with the resume & resume_offset kernel parameters. I had thought that these were only required on the resuming boot; not the boot that hibernates, but that seems not to be the case.
| SIGSEGV address boundary error shortly after waking from sleep |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I would like to know if it is possible in linux to receive an UDP packet in userspace that has a 127.0.0.0/8 dst address but coming from an external interface.
I tested it with nc and I can see although nc binds to all addresses it doesn't receive the packet.
On Device 1 I manipulated the local routing table to route ... |
By default the Linux kernel enforces RFC 1812 when performing route validation on packets with such source or destination. Here are a few samples: IPv4: 1 2 3 4 5, ARP: 6. They all look about the same:
if (ipv4_is_loopback(saddr) && !IN_DEV_ROUTE_LOCALNET(in_dev))
return -EINVAL;
If the source or destinatio... | How to receive UDP packet with 127.0.0.0/8 dst address in userspace |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I need one more loopback interface in my OpenBSD 6.1, with the IP address 127.0.0.2.
I can create it by hand with the command:
ifconfig lo1 127.0.0.2
And to have it at boot time, I just inserted that command into /etc/rc.local.
I have researched for a more standard way to do that, was not successful.
Having it in /et... |
As hinted at in lo(4), you may create /etc/hostname.lo1:
inet 127.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
This will create the lo1 interface when the boot process runs /etc/netstart. With that file in place, you may also set up the interface without rebooting through
$ doas sh /etc/netstart lo1
The interface is reported as
lo1: flags=804... | OpenBSD: Defining a new loopback interface |
1,511,872,254,000 |
According to https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/a/57909/, a packet sent to 192.168.1.97 "doesn't leave the host but is treated like a packet received from the network, addressed to 192.168.1.97." So same as sending a packet to loop back 127.0.0.1.
why does nmap 127.0.0.1 return more services than nmap 192.... |
In short, they are two different interfaces (192.168.1.97 vs 127.0.0.1), and may have different firewall rules applied and/or services listening. Being on the same machine means relatively little.
| why `nmap 192.168.1.97` returns less services than `nmap 127.0.0.1`? [duplicate] |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I would like to add a second loopback network device on Linux, so that I have lo and (e.g.) lo2. This is so that I can use netem to simulate a throttled network over lo2 without compromising my standard loopback interface.
Note that I can not use an alias interface here (such as lo:1) since netem will affect the under... |
Can you add a virtual tap device and do the testing on that?
ip tuntap add dev tap0 mode tap
You may need to insert the tun module first.
modprobe tun
| Second loopback network interface (for netem) |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I'm trying to modify the network behaviour of my server(s), to simulate external/WAN connection behaviours (what ever that means).
After doing tc qdisc add dev lo root netem delay 100ms, I can successfully add 100ms delay to all traffic from (and to?) 127.0.0.1. E.g. ping 127.0.0.1 will have 200ms response time.
Howev... |
No it doesn't affect other interfaces. But the routing involved makes that any access from the server to itself stays local and uses the lo (loopback) interface whatever interface the IP address was assigned to. So lo is affected by tc ... netem.
You can verify this with the ip route get command, which will give somet... | Why does tc-netem on loopback also affects other interfaces? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
So far I use multicast with ipv4 and it works; all involved computers run linux. I listen on two machines and send on one of those two (in a separate terminal). In the below example 'Hello 1' is received on the sending machine (strawberry) and on the remote machine (ero).
ero:~$ sudo ip addr add 224.4.19.42 dev enp4s0... |
Introduction
For a host system, while sending to a multicast IP address is quite similar to sending to an unicast address, receiving multicast is different and uses additional APIs: an host doesn't assign a multicast address to an interface, instead it joins multicast addresses of interest to receive select multicast ... | ipv6 multicast fails when it should loop back to self |
1,511,872,254,000 |
Are docker0, lo and virbr0 are virtual network interfaces?
Why are docker0 and virbr0 assigned private not loopback IP address?
If private IP address can work like a loopback address, can lo be assigned a prviate instead of loopback IP address?
Loopback addresses are 127.*.*.*. Do they always form a network instead o... |
What constitutes a “network” (a set of endpoints which are reachable without the help of routers) is determined by the netmask here. Thus docker0 is on the 172.17.x.x network (and can talk to any 172.17.x.x endpoint in the same layer 2 network), lo is on the 127.x.x.x network, virbr0 is on the 192.168.122.x network (a... | Why is some virtual network interface assigned private IP address, while some is assigned loopback IP address? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I have 139 different tab-delimited .txt files. I want to add a column to each file containing the name of that .txt file and finally attached all .txt files in one file; Let's say I have A.txt, B.txt, C.txt files, and in each of these files I have such columns
chrM 10458 C T
chrM 13960 C T
chrM 14173 ... |
Use awk and FILENAME variable.
To strip off the extension, you can use the gsub function:
awk -F'\t' 'BEGIN{OFS=FS}{gsub(/.txt$/,"",FILENAME); print FILENAME,$0}' *.txt
Add > MERGE.txt to the end to put the result in a new text file.
| How I manupulate these files in terminal at the same time |
1,511,872,254,000 |
From https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/57935/is-a-network-interface-supposed-to-have-no-more-than-one-mac-address/57937?noredirect=1#comment100988_57937
A network interface in a MAC-based network always requires a MAC address, virtual or physical. However, there are networks that are not MAC-bas... |
Since the lo interface is not associated with a hardware network interface (it's a virtual loopback interface), it does not have an Ethernet hardware address (MAC address).
Communication though the loopback interface is not MAC-based. No routing needs to take place to send packets between NICs.
| Does `lo` have no MAC address? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
man pvcreate says
pvcreate initializes a PV so that it is recognized as belonging to LVM, and allows the PV to be
used in a VG. A PV can be a disk partition, whole disk, meta device, or loopback file.
What is a loopback file? Does "loopback" in a loopback file mean the same as in loopback IP address?
Is a loopback... |
What is a loopback file?
A file that is treated as a device
Does "loopback" in a loopback file mean the same as in loopback IP address?
No; the former is sub content the latter is a self reference.
Is a loopback file related to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_device, which I am not familiar with either?
Yes.... | Does "loopback" in a loopback file mean the same as in loopback IP address? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
Let me open by saying I have scoured the internet, even companies I purchased the software from and it's been 5 months!! So I am turning to the community as my eyes and brain are bleeding from reading and trying this long getting no where. In short, can this be done, YES. Apparently I am too stupid to do it, however a... |
An alternative approach is to use an application forwarder. No iptables or kernel level forwarding is required. In this example I've used socat, but other possibilities may exist. Here the set of permitted source IP addresses is defined as an application argument.
socat TCP-LISTEN:1025,fork,range=192.168.10.0/24,reuse... | Service only listens on 127.0.0.1 port 1025. How do you allow any computer on your local network to communicate with this service? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I can use ip addr add 130.100.0.5/32 dev lo to create a loopback interface.
However, if I use /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo to config it, it doesn't show up:
DEVICE=lo
IPADDR=130.100.0.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.255
ONBOOT=yes
NAME=myloopback:1
|
For RHEL X, where 8 <= X < 9.1
This is addressed explicitly in a knowledgebase article:
NetworkManager traditionally did not manage the loopback interface by design.
Red Hat customer Requests For Enhancement resulted in upstream work to add it, which was done in NetworkManager 1.41.6 with:
Support loopback interface... | how can I create additional loopback interface permanentely? |
1,511,872,254,000 |
I have a set of 5 static ip addresses. Currently I only have 1 server, so I want to route 2 static IP's to the same server. At the same time I still want the server to be part of the local network.
I have a nic with interfaces eno1, eno2, eno3, eno4. eno1 is connected to my router, which leases using dhcp.
I've ... |
If you have multiple interfaces that are all members of the same subnet, then you will see via 'ip route' command that the server has multiple routes it can follow, to get to the same subnet. See Dual Network Gateway on CentOS 6.7 and Routing from 2 WAN to same LAN... even though they describe ifupdown interfaces, the... | Understanding Netplan / NIC [closed] |
1,511,872,254,000 |
As we know, the range for loopback addresses is 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255.
On my Linux box, I am able to ping all the addresses like 127.0.0.1, 127.0.0.2, 127.0.0.254, etc. (i.e., all addresses from 127.0.0.1 through 127.0.0.254). But I am unable to ping other addresses, like 127.0.1.1, etc. (It works on my Windows ... |
The fact that the block 127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback doesn't imply that your machine is configured for the whole block.
For example, on my Linux deskop:
root:~# ifconfig |grep '127.'
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
root:~# ping -c 1 127.1.1.1
PING 127.1.1.1 (127.1.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes ... | Can't ping all the loop back addresses |
1,511,872,254,000 |
This is my IPv4 iptables list at this moment:
Chain INPUT (policy DROP)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere ... |
You have missed allowing the loopback device, which is non-optional:
-A INPUT -i lo -m comment --comment loopback -j ACCEPT
add this as the very first rule and you're done. I found a good extensive explanation for you as for what this device represents, etc. on AskUbuntu.
Further, I advise optional steps - step 2: a... | IPv4 iptables blocks things, but output policy is ACCEPT, what is the problem with my INPUT DROP chain? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
Say I start off from a PDF document, say of 12 pages, viewed with evince.
To produce another PDF of 6 sheets, with a page setup of two pages per side,
I normally use the "Print to File" device listed in the ^P dialogue window.
This works out pretty neatly.
I would like to translate this operation for the command lin... |
There is the pdfnup (or pdfjam) command line tool. You can install it from the repositories of your distribution (sudo apt-get install pdfjam for Debian-based distributions, yaourt -S pdfnup on Arch etc).
The default options will take the input PDF file and produce an output PDF with two input pages per page:
pdfnup -... | Printing two pages per sheet from the command line |
1,452,375,905,000 |
The default options for a Brother MFC-9340CDW printer, are reportedly (e.g. querried via lpoptions -l) set to:
PageSize/Media Size: *A4 Letter Legal Executive A5 A6 B5 JISB5 JISB6 EnvDL EnvC5 Env10 EnvMonarch Br3x5 FanFoldGermanLegal EnvPRC5Rotated Postcard EnvYou4 EnvChou3 210x270mm 195x270mm 184x260mm 197x273mm
BRDu... |
The right place to set options for the (/this) printer, is in /opt/brother/Printers/mfc9340cdw/inf/brmfc9340cdwrc. The problem of always resulting in a DuplexTumble printing, was forced by the respective code-line (BRDuplex=DuplexTumble) in this configurations file.
Setting the option in question to BRDuplex=DuplexNoT... | Duplex printing options using lp or lpr |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I have my default printer set: lpoptions -d HP_ENVY_5530_series.
I can print some text:
echo HELLO > h.txt
lp h.txt
CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including text, PostScript, PDF, and image files.
I can print a Portable Network Graphics: lp Gnome2.26-printing-dialogue.png.
A Scalable Vecto... |
CUPS has a filter mechanism to detect the format of its input and convert it to a built-in format (PostScript or to a raster image).
CUPS has a database of file names and magic numbers (distinct from the one used by the file command, but serving a similar purpose and operating on similar principles). It uses this data... | limitations of CUPS command line printing of image files |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I want to print a text file from X line number to Y line number
The value of X & Y is determined by searching for a specific line in the text file(in this case the page number)
I search for the line by the following command
echo -n |grep -nr "Page # 2" FileName.txt |cut -f1 -d: ; echo -n |grep -nr "Page # 3" FileName... |
No need for the 2 phases to find out the lines beforehand. Just do the whole thing with sed:
sed '/Page # 2/,/Page # 3/!d' < FileName.txt
| Print a text file from a line number to another after searching for the lines |
1,452,375,905,000 |
Whenever I print a text file with the lpr or lp commands, the words are cut off at the end of one line and continue onto the other; for example, 'understand' would be split into 'unde' at the end of line one and 'rstand' at the beginning of other. Is there a way to justify the text of a file somehow for printing ? I'... |
Use fold. Extracts from the man page:
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
-b, --bytes
count bytes rather than columns
-c, --characters
count characters rather than columns
-s, --spaces
break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH
use WIDTH columns instead of... | Formatting file in command line for printing |
1,452,375,905,000 |
This question is inspired by this one on SU. How can I print bold or color using lp and ANSI escape sequences? I know how to display, for example, bold text in the terminal:
$ echo -e '\033[01;1mthis text will be bold\033[00;0m,this will not'
this text will be bold,this will not
However, when I pipe this directly t... |
That's more the reverse of what groff is designed to do.
What you're looking for can be achieved at least with this combination of tools:
aha
wkhtmltopdf
pdf2ps from ghostscript
Like:
printf '\e[31;1mfoo\e[mbar\n' |
aha |
wkhtmltopdf - - |
pdf2ps - output.ps
A bit overkill but it does the trick. You can proba... | Can groff create a ps file with interpreted ANSI escape characters? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I know I can change the characters per inch used by lp with lp -o cpi=12 (or any number you like). But is it possible to change the default value of this option globally? The default, when -o cpi=<N> is not passed, is 10. But I'd like to change this default number to something else so that I do not have to type -o cpi... |
Use the lpoptions command.
That writes settings to ~/.cups/lpoptions or, if run as root, in the system-wide /etc/cups/lpoptions file.
These settings are used when submitting jobs via lp or lpr, hence changes take effect immediately without the need to restart services.
| How to change default cpi for `lp`? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
All programs/commands I attempt to print certain PDFs with (lpr, lp, Okular, Evince, Xpdf) print solid black pages. The one exception is Gimp, which allows me to import PDFs one page at a time and properly print.
Obviously, this isn't a practical solution for multiple PDFs, so I would like to see exactly what command... |
Running pdfinfo on the PDF generated by GIMP's print function, as well as checking the PDF file generated by GIMPs's post script function suggests that the program doing the print is Cairo.
Here is the line in the Postscript file:
Creator: cairo 1.14.8 (http://cairographics.org)
| What command is gimp using to print? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
Where can I find error and log messages from lpd and lpr?
I don't find any ouput when I run "lpr /tmp/test_file"
This terminates without any error.
I had looked for /etc/rc.d/lpd and it is failed. The issue was there is no /usr/sbin/lpd exists. There is only /usr/sbin/lpd.pre-cups
So I far I don't have any luck print... |
CUPS replaces lpd and other commands, that's why you see some *.pre-cups files in /usr/sbin.
Usually lpd is configured via /etc/printcap, and more specifically logs will end up in the accounting file specified for each printcap entry with lf= (see man 5 printcap). By default this is /dev/console but as you can see in... | where does lpd and lpr log error and messages? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I have a remote printer by cups(cups-pdf virtual printer) on linux server.
BSD,Hp-ux and linux works fine,on solaris 10 i have
this problem,print the banner only,not the text of file.
I have configured the printer like this
svcadm disable svc:/application/print/server:default
svcadm enable svc:/application/print/serve... |
Solution found.
On linux if use inetd this line print correct even from unix clients
printer stream tcp nowait lp /usr/lib64/cups/daemon/cups-lpd cups-lpd -o document-format=application/octet-stream -o job-sheets=none,none
The important part is "-o document-format=application/octet-stream -o job-sh... | Solaris 10,print only banner |
1,452,375,905,000 |
Is it possible to print a document & staple it using the lp command in Linux/Unix? If there are other ways in *nix, I am open for options.
Linux : Oracle Linux Server release 6.5
Printer: Ricoh MP C4504
I tried the "HPStaplerOptions=1StapleRightAngled" option mentioned in below discussion but it did not work.
Print ... |
For Ricoh MP C4504, the OpenPrinting database has multiple PPD files available. The recommended one is PDF-based, but since you are using Oracle Linux 6.5, you might perhaps need the PostScript or PCL-XL version; try the PDF version first and see if it works for you.
Download the appropriate PPD file from the OpenPrin... | How to print a document and finish with stapler in Linux/Unix? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
(How) Is it possible to preprocess lp automatically with a script? Piping inbetween (fileToPrint | script.sh | lp -d myPrinter) is no option for me, because I have a lot of source code that does lp directly (lp -d myPrinter filetoPrint) and there is currently no intention to change this, especially since the script is... |
I stumbled over tea4cups (in Debian the Package is cups-tea4cups), where one can do exactly what I want, like this:
# tea4cups.conf
[myprinter] # just the cups printer name
filter: mycommand
# pipes everything though mycommand, like "<input> | mycommand | lp"
# if the printer URI is prefixed with 'tea4cups://'
| How to preprocess CUPS' `lp` with a script for a specific printer? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I'm using cups-pdf to print via lpd (Port 515)
That's working so far, but all pdf-files are created with its content of the printer configuration. The PDF file includes following:
Media Limits: 0.00 x 0.00 to 8.26 x 11.69 inches
Job ID: PDFPrinter003-197
Driver: CUPS-PDF.PPD
Driver Version: 1.1
Description: SAP2PDF
Dr... |
Solved:
it was a "feature" in lpd. By default, lpd prints a "banner" and creates 2 spool-files. The first spool file has been printet, but it's only the banner and the second file was ignored by cups-pdf.
I had to disable the banner in the xinetd.conf
server_args = -o document-format=application/octet-stream -o job-sh... | cups-pdf via cups-lpd creates PDF files with no content but printer config |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I have to print an email for the district office.
I use Evolution as Email program and I can save the emails in .mbox format.
However when I save those email to a .mbox file and then do lp example.mbox it will print the email in an unreadable way.
It has html content, but I can't open the .mbox in Firefox.
Is there a ... |
I solved the issue by renaming the file from .mbox to .html and then going into vim example.html and deleting everything that doesn't belong to the html. Then I did firefox example.html and printed from there.
I wrote a small bash script that might help someone with the same problem, but I am not sure if this solution... | print .mbox file with html content |
1,452,375,905,000 |
In "Learning the Bash Shell" by O'reilly (third edition), it is written in page 7:
lp -d lp1 -h myfile has two options and one argument.
How come?
I see what I reckon as two options, each one with an argument:
-d lp1
-h myfile
Notes
lp prints a file (concretely, via a printer, and not on the terminal).
|
While writing this question I understand my mistake, I should read the command this way:
lp
-d lp1
-h
myfile
The word myfile is just a file name that we print with lp it is not an argument of the -h option.
| lp -d lp1 -h myfile has two options and one argument or 2 options and 2 arguments? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
OS is Debian 10. I'm trying to print a batch of images with lp. So far so good. Scaling works great, for example.
Right now I'm printing with:
lp -d "$printer_name" -o ppi=100 -o position=center 1.png
However, positioning is not functioning. Leaving position off centers the image top to bottom, but puts it on the lef... |
Unfortunately I could not find a fix for this, but I was able to add enough of a transparent border to center the images on the page:
mogrify -bordercolor transparent -border 200 *.png
| How to center an image on a page with lp? |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I have a Raspberry Pi running Raspbian and I bought an impact printer (Epson LX-350) that I plan on hooking up to the computer via USB cable once it arrives. My goal is to be able to have a script periodically output lines of ASCII text to the printer as certain events happen. I don't care about it being pretty, in fa... |
I don't know whether cups (which is probably behind your lp command) supports that printer at all – or whether it's wise to use it; it's not like you want to print complete pages of anything. There might be an lp program
you need if the printer emulates a parallel port, never dealt with that.
Luckily, printers like yo... | Printing to Impact Printer from Command Line |
1,452,375,905,000 |
I wish to keep sending the printer print command until the print succeeds. If it succeeds printing then it should delete the file.
Below is my script.
until ssh [email protected] 'lp -d Brother_HL_L2350DW_series $FILE'
do
echo "Deleting $FILE"
rm $FILE;
done
The issue is that it deletes the file rm $FILE; even i... |
You are not understanding how iteration works.
Your script says:
Until successful:
print stuff, and delete files
until ssh [email protected] 'lp -d Brother_HL_L2350DW_series $FILE'
do
echo "trying again"
done
echo "Deleting $FILE"
rm $FILE;
There seems to be some other problems:
FILE is in capitals (latent bu... | Keep trying a print command LP until successful |
1,604,952,504,000 |
As I understand, most Intel GPUs are supported on Linux by two different components : i965 (the Mesa/OpenGL part, supporting all recent Intel GPUs) and i915 (kernel part, similarly supporting all recent Intel GPUs).
The relationship between the two is not very clearly explained anywhere I found, especially now that na... |
The Mesa i965 driver doesn’t support all Intel GPUs. There are two Mesa drivers corresponding to the i915 kernel driver: the i965 driver, which supports GPUs since Broadwater (aka 965), and the i915 driver, which supports older GPUs since Grantsdale (aka 915).
The i965 driver was contributed by Tungsten Graphics in Me... | Why is the Mesa OpenGL driver for Intel chips called i965? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I need OpenGL 4.5 to be supported by my graphics card's driver, and as far as I know Mesa is actually able to run it.
glxinfo gives me this:
$ glxinfo | grep "OpenGL"
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Mobile
OpenGL core profile version string: ... |
Don't try to install testing directly on stable! or you'll end up with a FrankenDebian (at best) or will lose a lot of packages due to unrealistic dependencies.
The good news is that those updated packages are available in stretch-backports. Debian's mesa had several packaging changes in testing so also in stretch-bac... | How to properly update Mesa drivers? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I am attempting to figure out if a problem with fonts in Wine is related to my OpenGL driver (r600g). How can I temporarily switch to the llvmpipe software renderer to perform testing, then switch back to r600g? I am using Kubuntu 16.04 with Radeon HD 3200 graphics. Thanks.
|
You can use the LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE environment variable to force software rendering on a per-application basis:
LIBGL_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE=1 [application] [arguments ...]
It only works if you are using mesa (which you probably are).
| How to temporarily switch to llvmpipe |
1,604,952,504,000 |
My laptop is a normal, uninteresting machine with two standard, unmultiplexed GPUs and an ordinary Debian stretch installation. The secondary GPU (a Radeon) is usually powered down but I can activate and use it by (for example) DRI_PRIME=1 glxgears. Mesa's source file src/loader/loader.c manages it.
Is DRI_PRIME undoc... |
I wrote up some notes at https://robots.org.uk/LinuxMultiGPUDeviceSelection - these are not complete but could be used as the basis for a more complete answer if someone wants to write one. :)
| The standard mechanism to switch GPUs isn't undocumented, is it? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I have an AMD 5700XT gpu and I am trying to learn SYCL but I have a lot of doubts of the current state of AMD gpu driver stacks. According to what I read, there are several driver stacks for AMD gpus: mesa, amdgpu and amdgpu-pro. If I understand correctly, mesa has its own opencl implementation and there is another im... |
My understanding is that there's a single kernel driver, amdgpu. Mesa lives in userland and is an OpenGL implementation. amdgpu-pro provides alternative closed-source userland libraries (OpenGL, OpenCL etc).
clover is an OpenCL implementation on top of Mesa. I'm not sure what state it is in (my impression is that it w... | SYCL and OpenCL for AMD gpu |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I found a post about Vulkan for Intel graphic card
(the topic is here)
and decided to try out. It said that it will be available for 5th and higher generation Intel cards. I have an old 3rd gen card which will probably not work, right? I mean Vulkan is a library, so the problem is on Mesa which is basically run Vulkan... |
In Debian, the easiest way to get newer Mesa drivers is to use the backported packages; as root:
echo deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie-backports.list
apt-get update
apt-get -t jessie-backports install mesa-vulkan-drivers
should do the trick; as of May 2017 ... | Updating Mesa for instaling Vulkan |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I would like to delete the Mesa Vulkan shader cache for a particular application I'm using. Where is this cache stored by default on recent (Mesa 19/20) versions?
|
rm -rf ~/.cache/mesa_shader_cache
More on it here: https://docs.mesa3d.org/envvars.html
| Where does Mesa store its Vulkan shader cache on Linux? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I'm trying to install mesa-common-dev on Ubuntu LTS:
sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev
however, the system returns:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mesa-common-dev : Depends: libgl-dev but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libglx-dev but it is not going to ... |
focal-updates is missing in your /etc/apt/sources.list, to correct the problem:
echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" |\
sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mesa-common-dev
| mesa-common-dev: unmet dependencies |
1,604,952,504,000 |
In a fresh Arch Linux Installation with Gnome occurring display errors on specific applications.
I have reinstalled Arch Linux (archlinux-2024.01.01-x86_64.iso) due to display errors after an update using "pacman -Syu" on January 2, 2024.
On Apps like Console, Nautilus:
The application window flickers.
In particular,... |
Solution : The mesa driver is usually installed during the standard installation of Arch Linux. That was probably the problem.
Apparently, the older Intel graphics cards are no longer supported with regard to (OpenGL/Vulkan). In this article it is pointed out that in this case (old graphics card) the "mesa-amber" driv... | Gnome Shell display error in Arch Linux / Problem with old Intel graphics card |
1,604,952,504,000 |
As a Linux fan, I want to get into OpenGL development as a hobby of mine.
I know that OpenGL is just an API that the GPU vendors must implement.
Some GPU vendors' OpenGL/Vulkan implementations are proprietary, whilst some are open source (like Intel).
Because I like open source, I want to make sure I don't use anythin... |
TL;DR
Run this in your terminal:
glxinfo | grep -i mesa
If you do see something in the output, then you should be using mesa. If nothing shows up, it's something else.
And if it's something else, glxinfo | grep -i vendor should tell you what it is.
Full explanation:
So first of all, it's not really about choosing wh... | How to check whether or not your GPU is currently using Mesa for rendering OpenGL/Vulkan? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I am trying to get the Intel integrated GPU working with my Parabola (Arch variant) desktop PC. According to lspci, the GPU is:
00:02.0 Display controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
I have reconfigured my xorg.conf files to point to it; however, when I run s... |
Run sudo pacman -Fy to refresh your package file databases. i965_dri.so is in the mesa-amber package:
↪ pacman -F i965_dri.so
multilib/lib32-mesa-amber 21.3.9-2
usr/lib32/dri/i965_dri.so
extra/mesa-amber 21.3.9-2
usr/lib/dri/i965_dri.so
| Problem using Intel integrated graphics GPU (Xorg) |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I need to upgrade my OpenGL version from 3.0 to 3.1. Stackexchange is full of postings that tackle specific situations, and it proved difficult for me to see the tree from the wood, not to mention to estimate the ageing of the trees, so to speak.
Therefore, I have collected the following information on my situation, o... |
Summarizing comments: the application probably misbehaves.
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.2.0
This means you have Mesa 11.2 installed, and the maximum supported OpenGL version is 3.3.
Now, why does the application say otherwise? The most common way to query OpenGL version used to be a ... | Updating OpenGL from 3.0 to 3.1 |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I am working on OpenGL shaders, and I need uint64_t types, etc...
However, when I do glxinfo, this extension is not in the list.
I am using Mesa 18.0.5, and this page tells that the extension is supported for radeonsi drivers from 17.1.0.
My GPU is a AMD Radeon HD 8730M. I am using the radeon driver, but switching to ... |
Got it.
Mesa was indeed using my integrated graphic chipset. By launching all the commands with the environment variable DRI_PRIME=1, I was able to directly use my GPU, thus enabling the asked extensions.
Howerver, I am not sure if setting this environment variable each time or globally is a good solution.
| Unable to use OpenGL ARB_gpu_shader_int64 extension with Mesa |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I have just installed Fedora 36 on a system, and I am trying to run Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing 15 with wine. The program worked in Fedora 35 after installing mfc42 and corefonts, but is failing in Fedora 36, apparently because /usr/lib/dri/iris_dri.so is missing. I checked, and /usr/lib/dri does not exist. I have rep... |
/usr/lib/dri/iris_dri.so is provided by the 32bit version of mesa-dri-drivers so if you really need this one and not the 64bit version (which is in /usr/lib64) install the mesa-dri-drivers.i686 package.
| A wine program needs /usr/lib/dri/iris_dri.so on Fedora 36, what do I do? |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I have installed mesa using apt in my system. This mesa is installed in /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf directory. Now I compiled and installed the newest version of mesa manually from source, and it's installed in /usr/local/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf. But my system is still using mesa installed by the package manager.
How... |
Play around with ld.so.conf(.d) and LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable. You will find more on this topic in the ld.so(8) manual page.
If a shared object dependency does not contain a slash,
then it is searched for in the following order:
(...)
Using the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(unless the executable is being... | How to prefer software installed in /usr/local |
1,604,952,504,000 |
I have had this issue since I installed , and I've been trying to resolve this with my limited experience with linux (which I have been using for ~9 months now).
Internal graphics on debian do not work. I can load X. Almost everything else gives an error like this:
name_of_application: symbol lookup error: /usr/lib/x8... |
_glapi_tls_Dispatch is defined by libglapi.so.0, which is in the libglapi-mesa package. In your case it’s also in /usr/local/lib, and that’s what’s picked up; in the output of ldd /usr/bin/glxgears:
libglapi.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libglapi.so.0 (0x00007f16637e3000)
You need to delete /usr/local/lib/libglapi*.
| Unable to properly configure Intel HD 510 (Skylake) graphics on Debian Jessie |
1,604,952,504,000 |
Since I cannot precisely tell what upgrade (possibly nvidia-drivers from 340 to 470 or mesa 20 to 22 or even xorg-server 1.20 to 21) or following the first time I ran glxgears after upgrading ? :
I (not systematically though) can see, superposed on the upper left corner of the window of applications such as vlc or chr... |
Some setting I had not noticed accessible via the nvidia X server settings utility
(X Screen 0 > OpenGL Settings > Enable Graphics API Visual Indicator)
Seems to command to that display irrespective of the __GL_SHOW_GRAPHICS_OSD environment variable value.
A post 340 nvidia-drivers novelty I had not noticed.
| Spurious display of frame-time statistics on some applications |
1,604,952,504,000 |
Proton is working fine with the latest DXVK implementation but when I browse on the log files of the games used by Proton I notice a mismatch between the mesa driver version of my host system and the listed there. What I know so far is that dxvk is a bridge so calls from D3D10/D3D11 can be translated to Vulkan and pro... |
The problem was that my steam installation came from Flathub repository where the runtime is loaded in an isolated environment (sandbox). Therefore steam cannot see far from its root path (/home/user/var/app.valve...). It seems that the isolation was the cause to display such mismatch between version when running DXVK... | Mismatch between mesa+vulkan driver verison used by Proton and the host mesa driver version |
1,617,985,139,000 |
The libssh2 1.9 can't be installed from EPEL repository on RHEL 8.1 and newer (tested on RHEL 8.3):
# dnf --enablerepo=epel install libssh2-1.9.0
...
All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: libssh2-1.9.0
Error: Unable to find a match: libssh2-1.9.0
Other EPEL RPMs can be installed without any... |
The easiest you can do is bypass module filtering.
Edit /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo and add module_hotfixes=1 line under the [epel] section.
Done. The installation will succeed.
However the above can be too broad solution. The alternative could be to set module_hotfixes just in the command via --setopt:
dnf --enablerep... | libssh2 filtered out by modular filtering on RHEL 8 |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I encountered a strange bug today, when running a script in a directory containing a directory with parentheses in it, such as a().
Minimal working example
I managed to reduce the bug to the following minimal working example:
Create an empty directory in /tmp and cd into it:
mkdir /tmp/foo
cd /tmp/foo
Create a script... |
This is neither strange nor a bug in bash (it does seem to be a bug in /usr/share/modules/init/bash though). You are using an unquoted command substitution together with eval. The string that is the result of the command substitution will, since it is unquoted, undergo word splitting and filename expansion (globbing... | File with parentheses/brackets in working directory causes eval error |
1,617,985,139,000 |
Trying to use veracrypt (console) in WSL.
I make a volume, seems to work OK... but when I try to mount it:
Done: 100.000% Speed: 5.0 MiB/s Left: 0 s
The VeraCrypt volume has been successfully created.
m17awl@M17A:/media/mike$ veracrypt /mnt/e/test.vc /media/mike/rsync_vc_drive_e/
Enter password for /mnt/e/test.vc:
... |
fuse is not supported in WSL 1
From WSL Issue #2869, a comment by therealkenc
No Linux modules on WSL because no Linux kernel in WSL.
fuse is compiled into WSL 2
From MSPoweruser article Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2 support coming to Windows 10 version 1903 and 1909
Full Linux kernel built into WSL 2
And f... | "modprobe fuse" on WSL? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I'm using Cygwin 64 on Windows 10; just updated. Some relevant package versions:
meld: 3.18.0-1
python3: 3.8.6-1
python2: 2.7.18-4
I'm also using MobaXTerm's X server (and it works - I can run xclock for example.)
When I run meld in a Cygwin bash session (within mintty), I get:
Traceback (most recent call last):
F... |
As @matzeri points out, it seems meld is hard-coded to python 3.6 - while Cygwin64, as of September 2021, has Python 3.8 as the default alternative for python3.
Now, I don't want to change the default for all apps, but - we can still oblige meld itself, manually:
Copy /usr/bin/meld to /usr/local/bin/meld
In /usr/loca... | meld won't start on Cygwin: No module named 'meld' |
1,617,985,139,000 |
The goal here is to dynamically construct a menu from an available variable file
In this example I use ansible.builtin.pause module but I'm not sure this is the best way
variable file: vars.yml
---
menu:
ansible:
main:
- option: 1
name: "Add..."
- option: 2
name: "Delete..."
- option: 3
... |
This is a case where including loops directly in the inlined jinja2 template will be hardly avoidable (and is therefore acceptable):
- name: Dynamicaly construct menu
pause:
prompt: |-
Ansible options:
=====================================
{% for option in menu.ansible.main %}
... | How can I dynamically construct a menu with ansible.builtin.pause module? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I am learning Ansible from this book and it contains this lab:
Write a playbook according to the following specifications:
The cron module must be used to restart your managed servers at 2 a.m. each weekday
After rebooting a message must be written to syslog with the text "CRON initiated reboot completed"
The defaul... |
This might be a mistake. The request looks suspicious (or ambiguous at least): 'use service facts to show the current version of the cron process'. There is no version among the attributes of the service facts, e.g. (running on Ubuntu)
- service_facts:
- debug:
var: ansible_facts.services['cron.service... | Use service_facts module to show the current version of the cron process? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I'm looking for a way to replace my keyboard kernel module to a custom one. I have a Logitech MK710 keyboard + mouse set for this purpose, with a USB receiver with those 2 interfaces. Automatically, this USB receiver is managed by default usb, usbhid or logitech-hidpp-device modules, there is some information (note: 1... |
Most likely you are being tripped up by initramfs: a copy of the original HID driver module has been stored in there when your current kernel was installed, and if you haven't regenerated initramfs when adding your module, your customized one won't be in there.
At boot time, the USB support modules are among the first... | Replace HID device driver with custom one |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I'm trying to parse audit.log with rsyslog by using a bash script in order to transform the hex part of proctitle to ascii. However I do not get ressults: the file audit_ascii.log do not have lines with "proctitle" values. I tested the script and it is working fine so I guess the problem comes from my rsyslog.conf.
rs... |
Just stop the flow after the script redirected the changed log to another file. Then I take the new file as another input in rsyslog. Best solution I found
| Rsyslog - Parsing audit.log / omprog change log value |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I have a Debian 10 system. It has secure boot enabled. I am trying to sign and load a new kernel module for virtualbox.
I generated a certificate and private key using openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout MOK.priv -outform DER -out MOK.der -days 36500 -subj "/CN=My Name/" -nodes. Then I imported this key wi... |
sbsign is for signing .efi binaries and other PE32(+) formatted executables.
sign-file comes along with the kernel source code (in the scripts directory of the source code tarball) and in the linux-kbuild-4.19 .deb package for Debian 10. It signs ELF-formatted binary files, which is what Linux kernel modules are.
You ... | Cryptic Error When Attempted to Sign Kernel Modules |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I have a bash script that uses source to make the script more modular. Here's how it would look copied into a user's bin directory:
/bin
modules/
script-1
script-2
script-3
script-4
script-5
main-app
However, this doesn't work if you want to execute main-app from a dire... |
Use the $0 positional parameter and dirname:
#!/bin/bash
echo running "$(dirname "$0")/$(basename "$0")"
source "$(dirname "$0")/modules/script-1"
| How to add a modular bash script to `bin`? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
As far as I can tell, some of the output generated by the command /usr/bin/modulecmd goes neither to stdout nor stderr, as illustrated by the following example:
% /usr/bin/modulecmd bash help null >/dev/null 2>&1
This module does absolutely nothing.
It's meant simply as a place holder in your
d... |
Depends on what the program does. In addition to standard output (fd 1) and error (fd 2), standard input (fd 0) is often also opened read-write when a program is started from the terminal without redirections, and it could be used for writing output. Another option is to explicitly open /dev/tty, which gives a new fd ... | How to capture output that is going neither to stdout nor to stderr? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
Context : I installed (manually) the apparmor-utils and apparmor-profiles and apparmor-utils, since when trying
apt-get install apparmor-utils apparmor-profiles
can't find the packages.
aa-status
works as usual.
I also did
sed -i -e 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="/&security=apparmor /' /etc/default/grub
to enable ... |
I think you are missing apparmor package which will provide that python module:
sudo apt install python3-apparmor
If you can’t install that, you need to fix your repository configuration; you will then also be able to install the Debian AppArmor packages.
| No module named apparmor. Why? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I am trying to create custom private environment modules on an HPC cluster as shown here: https://researchcomputing.princeton.edu/support/knowledge-base/custom-modules
My private modules appear in the output of the module avail command. However, when I try to load one of these, I get the following error:
Lmod has dete... |
The webpage you linked says:
Module files are written in the Tcl language.
This line seems to be trying to read a .sh shell script:
source /home/apps/spack/share/spack/setup-env.sh
In the Tcl language, the source command expects the specified file to be another Tcl script, not a shell script.
If the setup-env.sh co... | Unable to run custom modules |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I'll start by stating I'm not a server admin by trade, so I've been struggling with this task.
PHP 7.3.5 was already installed on RHEL7 running Apache. I have installed MySQL successfully and now I am tasked with connecting to the MySQL DB from PHP. I have done this before on hosted services like Bluehost, but they ma... |
You should not be installing PHP into /home for a variety of reasons, one of which is that SELinux absolutely will not like it at all. Use /opt or /usr/local instead. /home is for home directories.
Since you are trying to use PHP 7.3 on CentOS 7, why not use the SCL repository and install the rh-php73 packages inste... | RHEL PHP 7.3.5 with mysqlnd and apache |
1,617,985,139,000 |
With pulseaudio, it was easy to load a module for microphone noise reduction.
This link explains it clearly:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/18958/realtime-noise-removal-with-pulseaudio
I want to add rnnoise as a plugin of pipewire to cancel the noise of the microphone for all users.
I'm looking for a minimalist solut... |
I have found a way to load rnnoise as a pipewire plugin for all users.
Step 1:
On this page you can download the rnnoise drivers compiled for X86 linux. This is not the last version of rnnoise. If you want the latest version, i think you have to perform compilation by yourself from the official github repo.
Step 2:
In... | Reducing microphone noise using pipewire modules |
1,617,985,139,000 |
I am customizing a Linux system with a Linux kernel version of 6.4.0. I executed mdev -s in rcS and checked the startup print, which was also successful. When I entered the live environment, I saw that the name of the network card was enp2s0. However, after startup, I found that enp2s0 could not be found. I don't know... |
The problem has been solved because the network card driver is incorrect. First, enter the live environment, execute lspci | grep -i ethernet to see what model of your network card is, and then compile it into the kernel.
Device Drivers->Network device support->Ethernet driver support->(the model of your network card)... | Unable to find network card after executing mdev - s? |
1,617,985,139,000 |
In order to use Joomla! 4.3.1, I've compiled PHP 8.2 in an Oracle Linux 8.6 Server, with support for zlib compression:
# php --ri zlib
zlib
ZLib Support => enabled
Stream Wrapper => compress.zlib://
Stream Filter => zlib.inflate, zlib.deflate
Compiled Version => 1.2.11
Linked Version => 1.2.11
Directive => Local Va... |
Phar zlib support isn't the same as zlib support within PHP. That's all there is too it - phar is a code archive format, and it not having enabled zlib compression support is not an indication of zlib in other parts of PHP not working.
PHP error hints and documentation being misleading is not a new thing! In this case... | PHP was compiled with zlib module, but phpinfo() show it's disabled |
1,617,985,139,000 |
Help!
I have installed on a Qubes Standalone Debian-11 VM which is running on a MacbookPro the Broadcom-sta-dkms package.
The installation does NOT indicate any errors.
lsmod shows the wl module:
user@sys-wifi:~$ sudo lsmod|grep wl
wl 6471680 0
cfg80211 983040 1 wl
The wl.ko module is ... |
I finally came up with this solution.
Namely:
Assumption:
Some internet connection, either wired or wireless using a dongle (sys-usb)
Steps:
Create a new qube based on the fedora-36 template
Open Qube Manager → New qube
[Basic] Name and label: sys-wl
[Basic] Type: StandaloneVM (fully persistent)
[Basic] Template:... | BCM4360 on MacbookPro running QubesOS - Kernel does not bind modul |
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