date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
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1,371,822,060,000 |
Today I noticed that I lost approximately 1 TB of very old movies in my collection. I have no idea how it happened, but Munin shows what happened. I'm pretty sure it was my fault. (I was awake at that hour, yes; but, I am not 100% sure.) How can I prevent something like that from happening again? How can I prevent mys... |
As someone who has successfully removed the /Windows subdirectory from a running windows system, AND deleted the contents of /bin on a running linux boxen (it didn't die!)... I know the feeling. (But I don't know HOW I did the Windows thing, shouldn't be possible, Windows locks files in use.)
Several options:
Remove... | How to prevent massive file delete on Debian |
1,371,822,060,000 |
I accidentally moved an entire directory of ~100GB to trash. I was trying to place it in bookmarks but dragged it into trash. It's there in the trash. But
when i try to restore I run out of space on the disk
Prior to deletion I had less than 50GB free on disk, if I need to restore the normal way I need about 68GB m... |
if you are moving to the same partition then
mv /source/* /dest/
should work without creating a copy or consuming more space
Alternatively, just do the same exercise with /dest/ on an external drive or partition then copy them back once you have cleared space in your original location.
| Accidentally trashed large file |
1,371,822,060,000 |
I accidentally started an rm -rf on a large directory that I was working in. The directory contains, among other things, a data directory containing a number of subdirectories that each contain thousands of text files. Essentially it looks like this
$ tree data
data
├── collection0
│ ├── input
│ │ ├── file0.txt
... |
The Linux man page for stat(2) says that:
The field st_mtime is changed by file modifications, for example, by mknod(2), truncate(2), utime(2), and write(2) (of more than zero bytes). Moreover, st_mtime of a directory is changed
by the creation or deletion of files in that directory. The st_mtime field is not cha... | Ensuring no files were deleted from directory at a certain time |
1,515,038,215,000 |
Is there a way to cd out of a directory which has just been deleted (go up one level into the upper folder which still exists?
It often happens to me that I have a console opened for a folder, and then I delete the folder with my temporary test data and create another one.
However, both cd .. and cd $(pwd)/.. only ge... |
PWD variable hold current path definition.
to go up one level
cd $(dirname $PWD)
will expand to
cd $(dirname /home/me/foo/bar/baz/deleteddirectory)
who expand to
cd /home/me/foo/bar/baz/
this supposed you delete only one level of dir.
| cd out of deleted folder |
1,515,038,215,000 |
Accidentally /usr/ directory got deleted, in Cent OS 8. For recovering CentOS, I have found this link which needs live CentOS 8 installed in USB drive. However CentOS 8 doesn't have live ISO release as per this discussion.
In MS-Windows, I get errors when trying to install DVD iso to USB drive using Rufus and also Et... |
Re-Installation. All your installed programs rely on data in /usr, so you can't simply reinstall. Your idea about using a live CD/DVD goes in this direction. You use them to FIX the problem. This would be the reinstallation of all programs, which won't work. Since this would be invoked within a chroot, it doesn't matt... | Accidentally deleted /usr/ directory in CentOS 8 |
1,515,038,215,000 |
Can we delete the /bin folder in /usr directory in linux.
If yes, then what are its consequences?
|
Can we delete the /bin folder in /usr directory in linux.
The privileged user can delete the /bin folder
what are its consiquences?
An answer from :Linux Filesystem Hierarchy
The bin directory contains several useful commands that are of use to
both the system administrator as well as non-privileged users. ... | Can anyone delete the '/bin' folder in linux? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I have a regular directory than contains directly underneath it several btrfs snapshots. Is it safe to do an rm -rf on the parent directory, or do I need to first do a btrfs subvolume delete SUBVOL on each of the snapshots before removing the parent directory?
|
rm -rf is not unsafe per se, so go ahead and run it. However, it won't completely work. For some reason, an empty Btrfs subvolume cannot be removed with the rmdir(2) system call.
rm -rf will remove all of the contents of all of the subvolumes (regular files, etc...) but the empty subvolumes themselves as well as the p... | How to safely delete a regular directory that contains several btrfs snapshots inside it? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I accidentally deleted the dir, /path/to/dir, and all its contents from an application.
However, I still have a terminal window open, still cd-ed in /path/to/dir!
Q: Is there any way to recursively recover /path/to/dir?
Note that lsof gives me this:
$ lsof | egrep '/path/to'
bash 3113 hs cwd ... |
Unfortunately you cannot do what you seek.
While the directory may be held open, the files that reside within the directory are not part of the directory itself. The directory simply stores the file names. In addition to this, with the files having been deleted, the directory has already been modified to remove those ... | Linux: Recovering a deleted dir that another terminal is still cd'ed into |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I applied the following wrong Sed command to my nginx configuration:
sed 's/php7.2-fpm/php7.4-fpm/g' /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default > /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
And the entire file is gone. I have no backups.
Is there a way to restore the original file? Re-configuring everything will take me days.
|
Exploring the running Nginx process
If Nginx is still running (don't restart it!), you can ask it to dump its configuration. I have no experience with Nginx, so this is just something I read on the web, I don't know how much information you can recover this way or what might go wrong if you try it.
/usr/sbin/nginx -c ... | Restore deleted version of nginx configuration |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I had an issue with /var running low on space despite it only appearing to have only 2 gigs of files allocated on the 5 gig partition. I determined the issue was that /var/log/messages was deleted but still open by rsyslog and was at 2.88 gigs.
I was able to resolve the issue for now by restarting rsyslog, thus releas... |
The way this is supposed to work on a lot of distros is through logrotate, which is called from cron or a systemd timer every day. Logrotate looks for its configuration, e.g., in /etc/logrotate.d. As an example, on Debian you'd find /etc/logrotate.d/rsyslog, which rotates /var/log/messages (and a lot of other logfiles... | /var/log/messages growing indefinately because rsyslog won't let it be deleted |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I am looking for options regarding recovering deleted files (don't recall if corrupted applied).
Filesystem for the corrupted files are VFAT-formatted on a USB, though I run a Linux system (but can use Windows if necessary). The original files were created using Windows.
The corrupted files I have found (so far) are i... |
I suspect the comment you’re referring to is this one:
See PhotoRec, it fits your requirements and is available packaged in most Linux distributions. For more advanced recovery, see also Foremost.
These tools are file recovery tools, designed to retrieve deleted files; they won’t help you fix corrupted file contents... | Recovery software for corrupted files when running a linux system? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
The Scrub utility on Linux can accept different methods of scrubbing. These allow for different types and orders of 'passes'. For example, the 4-pass DoD 5220.22-M section 8-306 procedure is a 4-pass method where the passes are in order of
Random
0x00
0xff
Verify
What is the scope of a pass? Does each pass write to ... |
The scope of pass is one rotation of that pattern, from the start to the end of the object being destroyed then start "another round" with the next pattern available of that pattern group/method.
Even not having explicitly said at docs(and I could not find at the source code any trace of paralel processing patterns), ... | What constitutes a Scrub "Pass"? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I did Move to Trash > Empty Trash. However, .fileNames and .directoryNames stay in the filesystem
those .files/.directories which have exactly the same name as my deleted files/directories
For instance, select to host the folder where you did removals. All your removals will be shared too. This is not what I want be... |
From the CLI, as requested:
gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences enable-delete true
Explanation requested from OP:
Nautilus is a part of GNOME, so it stores preferences under org.gnome.nautilus.preferences. From there, just had to look at the list.
Also, you can get all Nautilus-related settings by gsettings ... | How to Make MoveToTrash mean Delete Permanently by One-liner? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
Is there a way to restore a folder or better the containing files and folders of the folder which was replaced by a empty one with the same name?
FileSystem: Ext4
OS: openSUSE 42.1
If it is possible, what is the easiest way?
Can I do this from the running system itself?
|
Don't do it from the running system, you should run a live cd or usb, mount the hard drive in read only, then try ext undeleted, or don't mount anything and try foremost or photorec. The more you use the system the less likely it is that you will recover your data. good luck
| Recover files inside a folder which was replaced by an empty one. (openSUSE, Ext4) |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I am working on a server with others and I want to completely delete files which were previously deleted using 'rm'. I cannot format the server disk as others share it with me. Is it effective to shred the parent location where I used to store the files.
|
In the future, you would do better to overwrite or shred the file
contents before removing the file.
On a personal machine, you could overwrite free space by copying /dev/zero to new files until the hard disk is full, then deleting
those files, perhaps with some difficulty after booting from
a different device, or i... | Is there a way to completely delete a previously deleted file without formatting the whole drive? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I'm trying to find some files on my NAS and then delete the files/folders that's more then 5 days old. I can use the find command as:
find /volume1/docker/UV/videos -type f -print
And then i get all the files from videos folder and subdirs.
But if I try:
find /volume1/docker/UV/videos -mtime +2 -print
Then nothing h... |
The issue is that the -atime, -ctime and -mtime options do some unexpected rounding. The explanation is in man find under -atime:
-atime n
File was last accessed n *24 hours ago.
When find figures out how many 24-hour periods ago
the file was last accessed, any fractional part is ignored,
so to match -atime +1,
a fi... | Find command in linux and delete, but test with print, give no results |
1,515,038,215,000 |
In a testing environment I executed:
rm -rf /var/www/html/${domain} /etc/nginx/sites-available/${domain} /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/${domain}
The result was that html, sites-available and sites-enabled directories were deleted with all their content.
What's wrong with that phrasing? Given I gave full paths, I miss what... |
If the value of domain was empty or undefined, you just ran, e.g., rm -rf /var/www/html.
You can check explicitly that domain is defined:
if [ -z "$domain" ]; then
echo "ERROR: domain is undefined" >&2
exit 1
fi
Also, using set -u in your script can prevent this sort of problem. This causes the use of an und... | rm -rf destroyed directories of the files set to be deleted (multiple arguments) |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I have an AWS linux instance with a root drive of 32GB.
I have an EBS mount of 20GB
On my root I ran out of space, so I cleared out some files. However my root drive is still full. I can't find out why because when I look at sizes of the directories using du and ncdu they show the drive should have a lot of space.
d... |
What did you delete? If you remove a file that is still in use by a running process (e.g., a daemon), that disk space is only released when the process is shut down/restarted.
For example, if you removed current Apache log files, the space will still be in use until you restart Apache. Similarly for system logs (those... | Disk still full after deleting some files |
1,515,038,215,000 |
The wipe tool has the option -k Keep files, i.e. do not remove() them after overwriting.
What does that mean not to remove a file that was ... well... wiped?
|
The manpage describes -k thus:
Keep files: do not unlink the files after they have been overwritten. Useful if you want to wipe a device,
while keeping the device special file. This implies -F.
The main use-case for -k is
wipe -k /dev/sda
which will overwrite all the contents of the drive, without... | What does it mean to overwrite a file but keep it? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I am currently working on HP-UX and have a cron job which runs every morning which deletes file older than certain number of days based on retention policy. Recently I added a sub directory at the path from where file was getting deleted and wanted to have a different policy for files residing under this sub directory... |
With your command line, the find command will produce a series of individual rm commands and execute them. Each rm command will delete one file, specified with a full pathname. So it is not the rm you need to restrict, but the find.
The syntax to do this can be a bit tricky, for historical reasons.
You could do it lik... | Delete one type of file from specific directory however not from subdirectory |
1,515,038,215,000 |
So I want to delete all files in my current directory using the following pipeline:
ls | sed -rn 's/(.*)\.jpg$/mv -n & \1.jpeg/pi' | sh
How to create a file, named so that running the above pipeline deletes all files in the current directory. Thus through code injection.
Please, give the command used to create that... |
The command you have above will (somewhat clumsily) rename all files in the current directly from *.jpg to *.jpeg, it could be modified to delete all files but is hardly appropriate to the task.
However, it sounds like you are trying to craft a suitable filename such that when the above command encounters it, it will ... | How to create a file name for the pipeline to delete all files? |
1,515,038,215,000 |
I would like to know if it is possible to recover files that I have deleted?
I have VPS with CentOS 7 and if it is possible I would like to look for (and recover) deleted files by their file extensions.
Thank you.
|
I've had pretty good success with TestDisk & PhotoRec for recovering deleted files. Haven't tried it via an SSH session but make sure you install and run screen command. I've had recovery scan that last over 24 hours.
| Recovering files on CentOS 7 |
1,479,007,317,000 |
The LUKS / dm-crypt / cryptsetup FAQ page says:
2.15 Can I resize a dm-crypt or LUKS partition?
Yes, you can, as neither dm-crypt nor LUKS stores partition size.
I'm befuzzled:
What is "resized" if no size information is stored?
How does a "resize" get remembered across open / closes of a encrypted volume?
|
It's about online resize.
For example if you use LVM, create a LV of 1G size, and put LUKS on that, it's like this:
# lvcreate -L1G -n test VG
# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/mapper/VG-test
# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/mapper/VG-test lukstest
# blockdev --getsize64 /dev/mapper/VG-test
1073741824
# blockdev --getsize64 /dev... | What does `cryptsetup resize` do if LUKS doesn't store partition size? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I want to list all the physical volume associated with logical volume.
I know lvdisplay, pvscan, pvdisplay -m could do the job. but I don't want to use these commands. Is there any other way to do it without using lvm2 package commands?
Any thoughts on comparing the major and minor numbers of devices?
|
There are two possibilities:
If you accept dmsetup as a non-lvm package command (at openSUSE the is a separate package device-mapper) then you can do this:
dmsetup table "${vg_name}-${lv_name}"
Or you do this:
start cmd: # ls -l /dev/mapper/linux-rootfs
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 27. Jun 21:34 /dev/mapper/linux-rootfs... | list the devices associated with logical volumes without using lvm2 package commands |
1,479,007,317,000 |
cryptsetup can be invoked with --readonly or -r option, which will set up a read-only mapping:
cryptsetup --readonly luksOpen /dev/sdb1 sdb1
Once I have opened a device as read-only, can I later re-map it to read-write? Obviously, I mean mapping it read-write without closing it first, and then opening it again. Can I... |
It doesn't seem to be possible with the cryptsetup command. Unfortunately cryptsetup has a few such immutable flags... --allow-discards is also one of them. If this wasn't set at the time you opened the container, you can't add it later.
At least, not with the cryptsetup command. However, since cryptsetup creates regu... | remap read-only LUKS partition to read-write |
1,479,007,317,000 |
Usually, block device drivers report correct size of the device, and it is possible to actually use all the "available" blocks. So, the filesystem knows how much it can write to such device in prior.But in some special cases, like it is with dm-thin or dm-vdo devices, this statement is false. This kind of block device... |
When the block device overcommits its available data capacity like when using thin provisioning or has other reasons to not be able to accept more writes, like having a snapshot full, it has to send a message to what is writing to it. ENOSPC would make no sense in this context, so the error chosen is usually EIO (Inpu... | How does EXT4 handle sudden lack of space in the underlying storage? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I currently try to use dm-integrity to run in standalone mode. For that I install a plain ubuntu server 20.04 in a virtual box VM.
In the next steps I create the dm-integrity device, a ext4 filesystem and mount it:
integritysetup format /dev/sdb
integritysetup open /dev/sdb hdd-int
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/hdd-int
mkdir... |
Disclaimer: This is not a standard implementation by any means and also has not been battle tested in practice. It may break at any time. Use at your own risk. Make backups!!!
So in addition to my theoretical answer, here's an example implementation for Standalone DM-Integrity in a fresh Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop install. ... | dm-integrity standalone mapper device lost after reboot |
1,479,007,317,000 |
Recently I found article mentioning that recently dm-cache significantly improved in linux. I also found that in userspace you see it as lvmcache. And it's quite confusing for me. I thought that LVM caching mechanism is something different than dm-cache. On my server I'm using dm-cache set up directly on device mapper... |
lvmcache is built on top of dm-cache; it sets dm-cache up using logical volumes, and avoids having to calculate block offsets and sizes. Everything is documented in the manpage; the basic idea is to use
the original LV (slow, to be cached)
a new cache data LV
a new cache meta-data LV
The two cache LVs are grouped in... | What's the difference between lvmcache and dm-cache? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I have to map several loopback devices via dmsetup.
I could track which loopback device is mapped to a particular /dev/dm-X device file, but is there an easy way to get this info by the /dev/dm-X itself?
dmsetup info was of no help for me here.
|
The constituent devices are under /sys/block/dm-X/slaves. E.g.,
$ ls /sys/block/dm-2/slaves/
loop0
| Get target device by /dev/dm-X entry |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I notice that if a device mapping is created with the low-level dmsetup or through ioctls, the device mapping will no longer be there after reboot.
Is this normal? I am using a USB to test out dm_crypt
If it is normal, how do I go about making the mapping stay around? Do I need to look into udev?
Thanks!
Edit for c... |
Not 100% I understand what you mean by mapping but, Yes this seems normal. You need to add the device to either /etc/crypttab or /etc/fstab like you would to mount any other drive.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Dm-crypt/System_configuration#crypttab
^ Should have the information you're looking for.
| How to make device mappings stay after reboot? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I wanted to resize my LVM, followed some tutorial on the net and the system totally crashed (I got some boot error with UUID not found). I ran a LiveCD and tried to at least recover some files but I can't mount the drive. I did pvcreate with the missing UUID on /dev/sda1. When in most tutorials I should do
vgchange -a... |
After trying hundreds of different command line combinations I found a tutorial (originally targetting other problem) with gparted livecd. I booted it, then in terminal:
testdisk
Chose the first option, then chose:
write
It allowed me to mount the disk and recover the folder I needed.
| Cannot mount LVMm: resume ioctl on failed |
1,479,007,317,000 |
The dmsetup snapshot documentation says:
<persistent?> is P (Persistent) or N (Not persistent - will not survive
after reboot). O (Overflow) can be added as a persistent store option
to allow userspace to advertise its support for seeing "Overflow" in the
snapshot status. So supported store types are "P", "PO" and ... |
There is a difference between the data in the first block of a persistent vs transient dmsetup snapshot device:
Given these devices:
$ losetup
NAME SIZELIMIT OFFSET AUTOCLEAR RO BACK-FILE DIO
/dev/loop1 0 0 0 0 /home/var/ravi/tmp/issue/snap-dev 0
/dev/loop0 ... | dmsetup: Where is persistent metadata stored? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
In the journal, I'm getting lines such as:
Jan 27 18:23:08 tara kernel: device-mapper: table: 254:2: adding target device sdb2 caused an alignment inconsistency: physical_block_size=4096, logical_block_size=512, alignment_offset=0, start=33553920
Jan 27 18:23:08 tara kernel: device-mapper: table: 254:2: adding target ... |
Interpretation
The value first start= value of 33553920 is the offset of the first PE of the first LV in the target device (above /dev/sdb2).
This can be confirmed by:
sudo pvs -o +pe_start --units b
There is also another start= value repeated because sdb2's VG contains two LVs (usb-eMMC_backup and usb-ark). I don't... | Device mapper table alignment inconsistency |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I have an HP N40L microserver, with 2 identical drives, I used the system to hardware-RAID them as a mirror. I then installed mint on the system about a year ago.
This has been running perfectly, updating, etc. until I upgraded to Mint 17.
I thought everything was fine, but I've noticed that mint is only using 1 of th... |
I fixed it, but I can't honestly tell you how.
Basically I booted into a LiveUSB version of Mint 17. I noticed the raid array was happy, so I mounted the system and chrooted into it.
I then installed dmraid again and mdadm (don't know why I did that), updated my grub settings and installed grub to the array.
A reboot ... | RAID-1 mirror has become a single hard disk |
1,479,007,317,000 |
I'm benchmarking various cryptsetup volumes and I'm getting unexpected results on Debian.
I'm using numbers from this talk as a rough reference. One of the slides shows benchmark results for various configurations:
My setup is not identical and I'm running all tests in VMs, so I don't expect results to be exactly ide... |
Summary of answer:
cryptsetup format ignores the --integrity-no-journal flag.
Instead, your options are:
At each open, always provide --integrity-no-journal.
At your first open (i.e. when formatting the inner device with a filesystem, or to add the inner device to an MD RAID), provide --persistent --integrity-no-jour... | Cryptsetup with dm-integrity - weird benchmark results |
1,479,007,317,000 |
LVM snapshots seem to have extremely poor performance It seems that dm-thin snapshots use a new implementation:
Another significant feature is support for an arbitrary depth of
recursive snapshots (snapshots of snapshots of snapshots ...). The
previous implementation of snapshots did this by chaining together
... |
LVM2 is the current version of LVM, not a future version.
$ rpm -q lvm
package lvm is not installed
$ rpm -q lvm2
lvm2-2.02.177-5.fc28.x86_64
^ lvm 2.02 has been around for some time :)
LVM is very closely tied to DM; "in fact, DM is maintained by the LVM core team". There's no independent implement of th... | Does lvm-thin use dm-thin underneath or they are completely separate utilities? |
1,479,007,317,000 |
We are using dm-verity for a squashfs root file system.
Using kernel 4.8.4 everything was ok, after upgrading to kernel 4.14.14 mount fails, even though the veritysetup verify command validates the image.
# veritysetup verify /dev/mmcblk0p5 /dev/mmcblk0p6 --hash-offset 4096 d35f95a4
b47c92332fbcf5aced9c4ed58eb2d5115ba... |
By having a look at /proc/crypto I found there are two modules providing sha256: one from Atmel and the generic one:
name : sha256
driver : atmel-sha256
module : kernel
priority : 100
[...]
name : sha256
driver : sha256-generic
module : kernel
priority : 0
By disabling ... | veritysetup verify successful but mount fails after upgrade to new kernel |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I can't find the dig command on my new CentOS installation. I've tried dnf install dig but it say that it cannot find the package.
How do I install dig on CentOS?
|
The DIG tool is part of the BIND Utilities so you need to install them. To install the BIND Utilities, type the following:
$ dnf install bind-utils
| How to install dig on CentOS? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Why do the commands dig and nslookup sometimes print different results?
~$ dig facebook.com
; <<>> DiG 9.9.2-P1 <<>> facebook.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6625
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
... |
dig uses the OS resolver libraries. nslookup uses is own internal ones.
That is why Internet Systems Consortium (ISC) has been trying to get people to stop using nslookup for some time now. It causes confusion.
| dig vs nslookup |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I needed to automatically get my own WAN-IP-address from my router. I found this question and, among others, a solution with dig was proposed:
dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
It works perfectly, but now I want to understand what it is doing.
Here is what I (hope to) understand so far (please correc... |
First to summarize the general usage of dig: it requests the IP assigned to the given domain from the default DNS server. So e.g. dig google.de would request the IP assigned to the domain google.de. That would be 172.217.19.99.
The command you mentioned is:
dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
What this... | How does dig find my WAN-IP-address? What is "myip.opendns.com" doing? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
On Alpine Linux, I'd like to know how to extract just the IP address from a DNS / dig query. The query I'm running looks like this:
lab-1:/var/# dig +answer smtp.mydomain.net +short
smtp.ggs.mydomain.net
10.11.11.11
I'd like to be able to get just the IP address returned.
I'm currently playing around with the bas... |
I believe dig +short outputs two lines for you because the domain
you query, smtp.mydomain.net is a CNAME for smtp.ggs.mydomain.net,
and dig prints the intermediate resolution step.
You can probably rely on the last line from dig's output being the IP
you want, though, and therefore the following should do:
dig +short... | how to extract just the IP address from a DNS query |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm using a local BIND9 server to host some local dns records. When trying to dig for a local domain name I can't find it if I don't explicitly tell dig to use my local BIND9 server.
user@heimdal:~$ dig +short heimdal.lan.se
user@heimdal:~$ dig +short @192.168.1.7 heimdal.lan.se
192.168.1.2
Ubuntu 17.04 and systemd-r... |
So, changing my wired eth0 interface to be managed solved this issue for me.
Changing ifupdown to managed=true in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
[ifupdown]
managed=true
Then restart NetworkManager
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
After this it works flawlessly..
This was not 100%. I also applied theses... | Why doesn't systemd-resolved use my local DNS server? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I cannot find dig command on my Cygwin, nor any package name that would directly point to it. If there is a package containing it, then which one to install?
|
To find the proper package that contains a specific file, you can always use cygcheck -p to ask the Cygwin server:
$ cygcheck -p bin/dig
Found 6 matches for bin/dig
bind-debuginfo-9.11.5-2.P4 - bind-debuginfo: Debug info for bind
bind-debuginfo-9.11.6-1 - bind-debuginfo: Debug info for bind
bind-debuginfo-9.11.9-1 -... | How to install dig on Cygwin? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm running mint Mate 17.2.
When I use dig, for a certain specific domain name, the resolved IP "answer" is wrong, and the answer server is 127.0.0.1.
Trying to access this domain from my local computer via ssh, a web browser, etc also resolves to the wrong IP.
DNS lookup using online tools or other computers works c... |
Resolvconf is pointing it out to a local software running in port 53 in the local machine.
To find it out which one:
sudo netstat -anlp | grep :53
As we have found out, it is the avahi daemon.
To trace DNS resolution, also following command is useful:
dig +trace www.cnn.com
If you want to control your DNS setting y... | How do I figure out where wrong local dns results are coming from? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Using dig I can query a specific DNS server for some DNS records, for instance
dig example.com A @192.168.1.1
Where in this instance 192.168.1.1 is my router's ip.
Is there a way, using dig or any other program, to find out what DNS servers my router is using? (when it doesn't have the query cached)
I have limited a... |
You can use the +trace option to dig to see the entire sequence of queries, from your system to root servers, all the way down to the authoritative servers.
| Finding out what DNS server are being used |
1,395,964,235,000 |
On Ubuntu 14.04, when I'm performing a
dig google.de
on my machine, I get a REFUSED status (reducing to relevant lines):
me@machine:~# dig google.de
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: REFUSED, id: 26926
;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not avail... |
The DNS resolver will only move onto the other name servers if the first one returns an error (i.e SERVFAIL) or can't be reached. If the DNS server returns NXDOMAIN then the resolver considers that the proper answer and won't check the others. NXDOMAIN is considered a final definitive answer that the requested domain ... | How to enable nameserver recursion? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Result of dig -6 google.com:
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> -6 google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
What does it means if dig -4 google.com works correctly? Does it mean that my provider doesn't support IPv6?
Update
My /etc/resolv.conf
#
# Mac OS X Notice
#
# This file is... |
-4/-6 tells dig to only use IPv4/IPv6 connectivity to carry your query to the nameserver - it doesn't change whether to query for A records(IPv4) or AAAA records(IPv6) if that's what you intended. If dig -4 works but dig -6 doesn't, it just means that your local nameserver can't be reached via IPv6, which can have var... | Why does dig -6 google.com not work for me? [closed] |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I have a lab set up with DNS running on a CentOS7 server (dns01.local.lab). The local.lab domain is defined in named.conf:
zone "local.lab" IN {
type master;
file "local.lab.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
I also have a reverse zone but that doesn't matter for this question as far as I can tell.
The zon... |
Does dig +search dns01 give you what you want? If so, it it possible that +nosearch somehow got added to your ~/.digrc ?
ETA: Or, if you're like me, maybe the dig fairies failed to come and add +search to your ~/.digrc.
| dig does not resolve unqualified domain names, but nslookup does |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm experimenting with a Win10 IoT board that runs a web interface on minwinpc.local. This works fine in the browser, and also when I use ping.
However, when I use dig or nslookup, I cannot get resolve working.
How can ping and the browser possibly get the IP if the more basic tools fail to do the resolve?
Setup is ju... |
This is not a problem of a more basic protocol not working, but rather that there are multiple name service resolution protocols being used; ping here understands multicast DNS (mDNS) and is able to resolve the name minwinpc.local to an IP address via that protocol. dig and nslookup by contrast may only understand or ... | dig / nslookup cannot resolve, but ping can |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Situation:
Linux machine running in Azure
looking for a public domain that returns 112 results
the packet response size is 1905 bytes
Case 1:
interrogating google DNS 8.8.8.8 - it returns un-truncated response. Everything is OK.
Case 2:
interrogating Azure DNS 168.63.129.16 - it returns a truncated response and ... |
"Can anyone please provide some insight about why this works like this and help with some solution, if any?"
SHORT ANSWER:
A default Azure VM is created with broken DNS: systemd-resolved needs further configuration. sudo systemctl status systemd-resolved will quickly confirm this. /etc/resolv.conf points to 127.0.0.53... | Unable to run DNS queries when response is bigger than 512 Bytes and truncated |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I have been doing an effort to go full on DNSSEC on my system with the following setup:
dnscrypt-proxy installed, up and running on 127.0.0.1 with require_dnssec = true
systemd-resolved running, with DNSSEC=yes and DNS=127.0.0.1
only nameserver 127.0.0.1 in /etc/resolv.conf
connected through NetworkManager to a WiFi ... |
If both dnscrypt-proxy and systemd-resolved are using 127.0.0.1:53, this should not be the case. You need to disable systemd-resolved as recommended by dnscrypt-proxy wiki, and also lock /etc/resolv.conf for possible changes made by your Network Manager. So, here are the steps:
Disable systemd-resolved:
sudo systemc... | Going all-in on DNSSEC |
1,395,964,235,000 |
When trying to resolve my public IP address I get an ampty string
ip=$(dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com)
|
For some reason opendns is also not working for me at work. e.g. your command is not at fault, it is simply that opendns is not answering to that specific query to find the public IP address in some settings.
Google also delivers a similar service for finding out which public IP address you are using. Do:
ip=$(dig TXT... | resolve my ip with dig returns empty string |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I would like to let dig always forget a DNS record.
I mean if I do dig yahoo.com then I have a record back in with ttl for 1790 seconds.
Even if I have no cache service installed, next time i do the same command, the ttl have lowered.
Some how, dig do remember the answer. Is it possible to clear that, so I always get ... |
dig doesn’t remember queries. But it makes use of name servers listed in /etc/resolv.conf, unless the server to be queried is specified explicitly. Such servers normally accept recursive queries and have caches for their results. So dig can receive records cached by (intermediate) servers.
Use
dig +trace …
to overr... | Force dig to forget records |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Let's say I'm trying to lookup the IPs mail.yahoo.com, gmail.com and mail.google.com
If I execute:
dig @8.8.8.8 +nocomments +noquestion \
+noauthority +noadditional +nostats +nocmd \
gmail.com mail.yahoo.com mail.google.com
I get:
gmail.com. 299 IN A 173.194.123.21
gmail.com. ... |
dig does not reorder the results, it shows them in the order that the nameserver returns them. Nameservers normally shuffle the results (either randomly or round-robin) each time they're queried for a particular record (to implement a simple form of load balancing), although there may be server configuration options t... | Dig command: Is the output guaranteed to be sorted? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
Recently wondered how root server returns information about domains it doesn't have information about.
I thought that root dns server, for example, a.root-servers.net, doesn't perform recursive queries itself but instead returns referral - RR pointing to nameserver for TLD of the query.
I issued query about twitter.co... |
Unable to replicate:
$ dig @a.root-servers.net twitter.com +norecurse
; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> @a.root-servers.net twitter.com +norecurse
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47005
;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 14... | How does root(DNS) server could answer about twitter.com? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm trying to fetch DNS data without any local or ISP resolvers using the DIG tool.
For example I try google.nl
I start at a rootserver (d.root-servers.net):
dig @199.7.91.13 google.nl
Then I take the registry from this:
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.dns.nl. 172800 IN A 193.176.144.5
dig @193.176.... |
That is the way it works. Not ideal, to be sure. Resolvers will hit hardcoded limit if recursion goes for too long... See for example
https://cybermashup.com/2014/09/23/how-dns-kills-the-internet/
| How to dig from root to bottom? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I've got a txt of a bunch of domains I need to run dig +short mx on.
I've got a script set to run the command, print it to a results.txt with:
./dig_domain_mx.sh > results.txt
Downside is, I need to be able to know which domains relate to each result, so my solution is to print the current line being read by the scri... |
To avoid running one dig and read per line of the file, you could do:
dig -f domains.txt mx +noall +answer
Which would give an output like:
stackexchange.com. 300 IN MX 5 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
stackexchange.com. 300 IN MX 1 aspmx.l.google.com.
stackexchange.com. 300 I... | Bash print current line, line's output, and linebreak to file |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I've pored over the man pages and I'm pretty sure the answer is "no" but is there a way to prevent dig from resolving a CNAME record for a host?
For example:
$ dig +short mail.yahoo.com A
edge.gycpi.b.yahoodns.net.
66.218.84.40
66.218.84.44
66.218.84.41
66.218.84.45
66.218.84.42
66.218.84.43
There is not an A record ... |
According to RFC 1034 you can ask for a CNAME record type, and if one exists that's what you'll get.
dig -t cname +short www.bbc.co.uk
www.bbc.co.uk.pri.bbc.co.uk.
However, there doesn't seem to be a way to ask for (say) an A record but disallow lookups through a CNAME:
dig -t cname +short uk.www.bbc.co.uk.pri.bbc.co... | Using dig to query an address without resolving CNAMEs |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm using the dig utility to get the TTL value of websites on local DNS and it always shows the same value of 5s for all websites. What can the reason be? How can I get the original DNS TTL value? Am I doing it correctly?
Also, running the command with the master/slave DNS server name of google gives 5m, while for so... |
What is the reason for getting TTLs of 5s for all websites?
Your local DNS server (possibly within your router) seems to be manipulating the DNS data, for unknown reasons.
How can I get the original TTL value?
You sort of answered this yourself already: by using a good DNS server instead of a manipulative one.
Ru... | Getting the same DNS TTL value for all websites |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I personally love to dig sites that I know. .Here's a wierd thing I saw up on my terminal after running dig www-contestwinners.com:-
; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3ubuntu0.1-Ubuntu <<>> www-contestwinners.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27237
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY:... |
The name server you queried isn't in the US. It's much closer to you. (So, unfortunately, your Nobel will have to wait.)
That trace output shows www-contestwinners.com is using CloudFlare for its DNS provider. CloudFlare operates numerous servers around the world and your query gets directed to the closest (or as best... | Dig faster than speed of light, Possible? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I have big file that holds something like 40000 rows of domain names.
I would like to read that file and use dig (or something else) to look up the IP addresses of the domain names in the DNS, and print them out to another file.
How do I do this?
EDIT:
Been testing this with some of the proposed solutions. With this f... |
Another loop. This one reads a list of hostnames from hosts and writes each hostname and its zero or more IPv4 addresses to ips. I've separated the host from its list of IP addresses with a tab (\t), and each IP address is separated from the next with a space:
#!/bin/bash
while IFS= read -r host
do
if [[ -n "$host... | Read file and print out ip-address to another file |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm trying to learn more about the dig command and have come across the -x option which is meant for reverse lookup, i.e. you give an IP address and get back a domain name.
I tried doing dig -x www.google.com which I guess doesn't really make sense with the -x option, but I got back this response:
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-Red... |
Notice in the response that you got back status: NXDOMAIN and ANSWER: 0. This means there was no record found matching your query.
The -x option to dig is merely a convenience for constructing a PTR query. It splits on dots, reverses it, appends in-addr.arpa., and sets the type to PTR.
The information you did get back... | dig -x www.google.com |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm making a script to preform "dig ns google.com" and cut off the all of the result except for the answers section.
So far I have:
#!/bin/bash
echo -n "Please enter the domain: "
read d
echo "You entered: $d"
dr="$(dig ns $d)"
sr="$(sed -i 1,10d $dr)"
tr="$(head -n -6 $sr)"
echo "$tr"
Theoretically, this should wor... |
sed takes its input from stdin, not from the command line, so your script won't work either theoretically or practically. sed -i 1,10d $dr does not do what you think it does...sed will treat the value of "$dr" as a list of filenames to process.
Try echo "$dr" | sed -e '1,10d' or sed -e '1,10d' <<<"$dr".
BTW, yo... | How can I get my bash script to remove the first n and last n lines from a variable? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
When I was scrutinizing the DNS query sent by the dig, I found something odd from what RFC's state. I don't know the different variants of DNS protocols out there, but from RFC 1035
Z : Reserved for future use. Must be zero in all queries and responses.
This is the memory snapshot of the received DNS query, expor... |
There are no multiple variants of DNS, but RFC 1035 on this subject was amended by RFC2535 "DNS Security Extensions".
Its section 6.1 shows the message format:
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+-... | Understanding the dig's DNS query: Does dig set non zero value for Z field? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I need to check mail servers' IP addresses from a list of domains to see if they match a certain IP address. Specifically:
Build a list of the domains I want to query
Dig the MX record(s) of each domain
Dig the A record(s) of the results of the MX record query for the IP address
If any of the IPs match a specific IP... |
The way to go :
arr=( $MX )
for ((i=1; i<${#arr[@]}; i+=2)); do dig A +short "${arr[i]}"; done
Output:
108.177.15.26
209.85.233.27
172.253.118.27
108.177.97.26
173.194.202.26
| Script to query a list of domains for MX records then query the answers for the IP addresses? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I installed dig via pacman -S bind and it hangs when started as dig:
# dig google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.16.25 <<>> google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
DNS resolution works, though:
# ping google.com
PING google.com (216.58.214.174) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from ma... |
Arch /etc/resolv.conf is not simlinked to /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf and dig uses the former.
# rm /etc/resolv.conf && ln -s /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
solves the problem but this seems to be a bug is an Arch deliberate choice (see edit below) in how the resolution is set up in Arch (Ubu... | Naked dig cannot reach servers, otherwise resolution works |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm a shell beginner and here's an example, I don't know how to implement it.
Any help, thanks in advance!
Step 1: Get the domain resolution A record via dig.
dig @8.8.8.8 liveproduseast.akamaized.net +short | tail -n1
Step 2: Form the obtained IP address and domain name into a line that looks like this.
23.1.236.106... |
One way to do that is basically replacing the old ip with the new one:
$ cat /root/test.sh
#!/bin/sh
current_ip=$(awk '/liveproduseast.akamaized.net/ {print $1}' /etc/hosts)
new_ip=$(dig @8.8.8.8 liveproduseast.akamaized.net +short | tail -n1 | grep '^[.0-9]*$')
[[ -z $new_ip ]] && exit
if sed "s/$current_ip/$new_i... | How do I write dig output to /etc/hosts file? |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm finding that a few commands (for now dig and nslookup) that fail no matter what with the following output:
19-Jan-2016 15:01:50.219 ENGINE_by_id failed (crypto failure)
19-Jan-2016 15:01:50.219 error:2606A074:engine routines:ENGINE_by_id:no such engine:eng_list.c:389:id=gost
dig: dst_lib_init: crypto failure
Even... |
Run :
ldd $( which dig) | grep crypto, this will show you which crypto lib you're using at the moment. If this is different than expected one (usually openssl) you have few options :
Remove the lib which interferes
Modify LDD_LIBARY_PATH env variable, and point to the openssl lib location
Fix the problem by removing... | "crypto failure" error when running various commands |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm unsure if I found a bug in bind. I've setup a simple dns server on debian 12.
in named.conf.options
zone "rpz-test" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/rpz-test.zone";
check-names ignore;
}
in rpz-test.zone
;RPZ
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA rpz.zone. rpz.zone. (
2; serial
604800; refr... |
According to RFC 1034, this is the expected behaviour:
Wildcard RRs do not apply
When the query name or a name between the wildcard domain
and the query name is known to exist. For example, if a
wildcard RR has an owner name of "*.X", and the zone also
contains RRs attached to B.X, the wildcards would apply to
queri... | Bind with RPZ acts weirdly if a subdomain is used aside a wildcard |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I'm trying to test some nameservers against a domain name.
For that, I created a script that reads a list of nameservers and asks for a domain name.
Something basic like this:
#!/bin/bash
domain=$1
[ -z $domain ] && read -p "DOMAIN NAME: " domain
namefile="./nameserver"
echo "RESULT - NAMESERVER DOMAI... |
I think I understand what's the issue now. Actually... Not an issue, a behavior.
If I intentionally input an invalid option, Dig gives me a syntax error.
$ dig @8.8.8.8 google.com -A
Invalid option: -A
Usage: dig [@global-server] [domain] [q-type] [q-class] {q-opt}
{global-d-opt} host [@local-server] {loc... | Error redirection fail with bind - dig |
1,395,964,235,000 |
I am logged in via SSH to a remote machine, which is a Raspberry Pi 4. I am trying to use dnsutils to extract the public IP of the remote machine. However, it is returning the public IP of the client machine that I am physically using. I am using a shell script to do this. The specific command that I am using is
publi... |
It's highly unlikely opendns is discovering the IP address of your SSH client if you are executing dig on your remote machine.
The most likely thing is that your client's public IPv4 address is the same as your remote machine's public IPv4 address. This would happen if the two are in the same physical location or oth... | dnsutils points to public IP of client machine, not server |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I've just switched to bullseye (see sources below)
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ testing-updates main cont... |
Installing gcc-8-base (sudo apt install gcc-8-base) appeared to do the trick for me and fix the problem for me.
| Full-upgrade to Debian testing fails due to libc6-dev : Breaks: libgcc-8-dev |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I'm currently on 18.03 and would like to upgrade to 18.09. How would I go about doing this?
I've found the following via a web search but it's not very conclusive:
https://discourse.nixos.org/t/how-to-upgrade-from-18-03-to-18-09/933
I'm assuming I could possibly just change my channel referenced by nixos? But I'm not... |
To upgrade NixOS:
Ensure you have a backup of your NixOS installation and that you know how to restore from the backup, if the need arises.
Review the NixOS release notes to ensure you account for any changes that need to be done manually. In particular, sometimes options change in backward-incompatible ways.
As the ... | How do I upgrade Nixos to use a new channel nixos version? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I'm trying to upgrade from Fedora 30 to 31 and I've successfully done these two steps:
dnf upgrade --refresh
dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
However, when I do the next:
dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=31
... I get this:
Before you continue ensure that your system is fully upgraded by running "dnf --r... |
It's really weird but I have stumbled on this issue too and found out that you have to disable these repos:
fedora-modular.repo
fedora-updates-modular.repo
fedora-updates-testing-modular.repo
Thanks @vonbrand and @dbdemon for the idea.
| Upgrade from Fedora 30 to 31: Cannot enable multiple streams for module 'ant' |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I tried to upgrade my Debian System using apt, the repository is set to "testing" so I expected it to change to the next version "Bullseye" from "Buster" automatically but since "Buster" moved on I get:
404 Not Found [IP: 151.101.12.204 80]
when running apt update.
The security.debian.org address does not seem to h... |
From https://wiki.debian.org/Status/Testing
deb http://security.debian.org testing-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org testing-security main contrib non-free
The entries slightly changed after the latest release.
Here is an announcement to debian-devel-announce:
... over the last years... | Debian testing - upgrade "Buster" to "Bullseye" version, no server for security.debian.org |
1,592,034,953,000 |
This might be a possible bug, but it is something that has been bothering me for a couple of days now.
The difference between apt-get upgrade and apt-get dist-upgrade has been both well-known and well-established by now i.e. upgrade installs/upgrades while dist-upgrade is capable of install/remove/upgrade if package... |
They’re not redundant; there’s an additional subtlety:
apt-get upgrade will only upgrade currently-installed packages;
apt upgrade will upgrade currently-installed packages and install new packages pulled in by updated dependencies;
the various dist-upgrade and full-upgrade variants will upgrade currently-installed p... | apt full-upgrade vs apt upgrade redundancy |
1,592,034,953,000 |
Ubuntu's do-release-upgrade command upgrades the operating system to the latest release. What is Debian's way or tool for the same purpose (to upgrade to the latest stable release)?
|
Debian does not provide a single command to upgrade the OS to a new release. The Release Notes for each release include upgrade instructions for supported hardware architectures.
You can find release notes for all Debian releases via the Debian Releases page.
For example, to upgrade a 64-bit PC from stretch to buster... | What is Debian's equivalent of do-release-upgrade to upgrade the operating system? (for example, from stretch to buster) |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I ran an apt-get upgrade and an apt-get dist-upgrade on a new update notified today for Debian 12.
The last one is failing with this message, and can see later that it involves NVidia driver (I use the one of the Debian distribution) compilation:
dkms: autoinstall for kernel: 6.1.0-18-amd64 failed!
run-parts: /etc/ker... |
This has now been fixed in Bookworm, see the announcement for details. Ensure that bookworm-updates is present in your repository configuration (/etc/apt/sources.list):
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
(The announcement doesn’t mention contrib, non-free, and n... | Debian 12 linux-image-6.1.0-18-amd64 dist-upgrade fails on nvidia GPL-incompatible module nvidia.ko uses GPL-only symbol '__rcu_read_lock' |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I'm currently on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. As of writing this, 18.04 LTS is available. However, I do not wish to upgrade to it.
Instead, I would like to upgrade to 17.04 LTS.
I've done:
sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade
Many tutorials suggest
sudo do-release-upgrade
as the next step. But I believe that would upgrade to... |
To answer your question, I don’t think Ubuntu officially supports upgrades to releases other than either the latest release or the latest LTS. It might be possible to upgrade to a specific release by changing the appropriate code name in /etc/apt/sources.list and running apt update && apt dist-upgrade, but that won’t ... | Upgrade ubuntu to a specific release |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I cannot find any informations about it. May someone has some insights to share.
apt suggests to downgrade some SSL packages.
# apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade --assume-yes
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following ... | ERROR: type should be string, got "\nhttps://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4855\nThis, and other package information about openssl in Debian Buster, indicates that 1.1.1d is the current stable version. It looks like you've acquired 1.1.1j from elsewhere (gbp2578a0), and it doesn't have this important security patch\n" | Debian 10: Why some SSL packages will be downgraded? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I've tried to run command apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade as root, but nothing happens. I think that the problem is in non-fully complete apt sources. Am I right? What sources I need to set?
|
Update your apt repositories to use stretch instead of jessie (This can be done manually with a text editor, but sed can be used to automatically update the file.)
[user@debian-9 ~]$ sudo sed -i 's/jessie/stretch/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
Please note : Debian 9 (Stretch) is marked testing for a reason. You may notice ... | How to upgrade from Debian 8 Jessie to Debian 9 Stretch? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I would like to upgrade my Debian machine from Jessie to Stretch, but aptitude is reporting that I have 19 obsolete packages. Some of these, like BerkeleyDB, I use routinely.
A set of upgrade instructions say to remove any obsolete software before doing the upgrade, but I want to continue using some of the software. A... |
If the packages don't conflict with new/updated packages in stretch, there's no particular reason why you should remove them.
If they do conflict, the package manager will let you know.
BTW, I still have some packages installed on my system that haven't been in debian for a decade or two. They still work. I've had o... | How to handle "obsolete" packages when upgrading distribution? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I was not able to put Solus Linux in place because - as it needed a first big upgrade after installation - this first upgrade crashed and the system would stuck and not boot after that. This happened several times, twice in Solus Budgie and once in Gnome. The problem is also mentioned here.
I have fixed it as said he... |
By using a VT (Ctrl+Alt+F1) for system updates, you're reducing the risk of breaking the system since GUIs crash more often than VTs.
Note that the same robustness can be achieved by running the upgrade with screen or tmux since those processes will survive a GUI crash or SSH disconnection as well. After the GUI crash... | Is it safer to do full/heavy system upgrades from a TUI login session (outside Xorg) than a GUI login session? [closed] |
1,592,034,953,000 |
While in the process of migrating some servers from my testing network, a few of them installed systemd; I was a bit surprised as I am using sysV, and have systemd pinned to -1.
What happened?
|
It seems my systemd pinning to -1 was not enough. There are a couple more packages belonging to system to APT pin too.
So, I changed my /etc/apt/preferences.d/01nosystemd to:
Package: systemd
Pin: origin ""
Pin-Priority: -1
Package: dh-systemd
Pin: origin ""
Pin-Priority: -1
Package: systemd-shim
Pin: origin ""
Pin-... | systemd apt pinned to -1 and installed in upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 |
1,592,034,953,000 |
In the future I have to upgrade several Debian 10 systems to Debian 11.
The problem is: The systems have no access to the internet.
What options do I have to upgrade the system?
After some research, I found apt-offline which seemed to be suitable for this task.
I tried apt-offline on a fully updated example Debian 10 ... |
You can upgrade a Debian installation using downloadable images, e.g. the amd64 DVD image. You don’t need to re-install the operating system to use these; they can be used to upgrade an existing setup in the same way as repositories hosted on the Internet. The release notes contain detailed instructions; basically, yo... | How to upgrade Debian 10 to Debian 11 without internet? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
During a dist-upgrade operation I am encountering an issue with apt packages.
When running any of the following commands I encounter the same error:
$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Error:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state inf... |
I found the primary PopOS upgrade thread here:
https://www.reddit.com/r/pop_os/comments/ucge6e/upgrade_help_thread/
These steps solved the problem for me:
pop-upgrade release repair
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get full-upgrade --allow-downgrades
In particular --allow-downgrades was something I was missing based ... | On dist-upgrade: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages |
1,592,034,953,000 |
At work, I received a VM on VirtualBox. I have no clue about its composition except that it is running Debian 10.
Quickly, because tools like Chrome were complaining, I had to do an apt-get update + upgrade to put packages in their recent versions enough.
But because I've still some problems (freezing of Virtualbox or... |
While 'apt upgrade' offers a conservative approach to upgrading packages without installing or removing any additional software, 'apt dist-upgrade' provides a more comprehensive solution, handling complex dependency changes and minimizing the impact on other packages.
The decision to perform a dist-upgrade is recomm... | What are the risks of doing apt-get upgrade(s), but never apt-get dist-upgrade(s)? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I just upgraded my system from Debian 11 to 12, by following this guide from cyberciti. This system has been kept up-to-date for more than 9 years, so it has been through at least 4 major upgrades (Debian 7 or 8 to 12 today).
During the first run of apt upgrade --without-new-pkgs, I had an error about libudev (sadly I... |
If you want to see a symlink, you mustn’t add /:
ls -ld /lib
should show you a different result.
Debian 12 enforces a “merged /usr”, the “duplication” you’re seeing is normal.
| After upgrading to Debian 12, duplicated files in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ and /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I use Ubuntu 10.04 for more than a year and I often feel that I need to reinstall it to newest version.
I'd like to take most of my configurations and important settings to the new system. I already have some files and directories in mind that I certainly want to backup, but I'm afraid I will forget something.
Is ther... |
As psusi correctly points out, you shouldn't need to reinstall a Debian derivative. Just upgrade.
Regardless, the obvious answer to the backup question is to use version control to back up your home directory and config settings. For the config files in /etc on a Unix-like system, Joey Hess's etckeeper is popular. I'd... | Upgrading Ubuntu to a newer version while keeping important files and settings |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I am trying to update my Kali version to 2020.3 from 2020.1 as I have many important files and tools installed, but I was not able to do it.
I consulted this site https://www.kali.org/docs/general-use/updating-kali/
I tried sudo apt full-upgrade but nothing happened. The version is still 2020.1.
$ lsb_release -a
No LS... |
You are using the mirror http://kali.mirror.garr.it/mirrors/kali. At the moment, it has an older snapshot of the Kali Linux repository. For example, its base-files version is 1:2020.1.0 while in Kali Linux 2020.3 it is 1:2020.3.1. That is why you cannot upgrade to 2020.3 with your configuration now.
According to kali.... | Update version of Kali Linux to 2020.3 from 2020.1 |
1,592,034,953,000 |
When upgrading from Jessie to Stretch, at the end of dist-upgrade, it ends with an error:
Errors were encountered while processing:
nagios-nrpe-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Have tried running apt upgrade, install, and reinstall without correcting this.
What to do?
|
To finish installing nagios-nrpe-server, I ended up verifying the post-install scripts.
At nagios-nrpe-server.postinst:
#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Automatically added by dh_installinit
if [ -x "/etc/init.d/nagios-nrpe-server" ]; then
update-rc.d nagios-nrpe-server defaults >/dev/null
invoke-rc.d nagios-nrpe-server sta... | Strange nagios-nrpe-server error upgrading from Jessie to Stretch |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I'm using a cheap VM that's getting pretty old. So old that recently, apt-get update && apt-get upgrade returned errors, because wheezy packages were removed from the mirrors.
So I decided to update my Debian install. I was overconfident and tried to update wheezy straight to buster.
The main problem is that I'm tryin... |
If you have screen or tmux already installed, you could use those to run apt-get in recoverable sessions. This will have two advantages: when you’re disconnected, you can reconnect and see what happened, and apt-get won’t be interrupted by the terminal suddenly going away.
You should also be able to see everything tha... | Upgrade Debian Wheezy through SSH crashes |
1,592,034,953,000 |
Upgraded lubuntu 17.04 to 17.10 on an EeePC 900a. Appears to work fine except that the left side of the display is junk. The full screen looks fine before linux is booted, the Asus EeePC splash.
System has 2GB RAM, 32 GB SSD & wireless USB mouse. EeePC 900a link's specification incorrectly refers to the model as 900 i... |
Exact same problem an no solution so far. There's a workaround: if you suspend the machine and resume it the display works fine again.
You can suspend the computer using the power menu on the login screen (top right corner icon).
| Upon upgrade of lubuntu 17.10 from 17.04 display messed up on an eeepc 900a |
1,592,034,953,000 |
Does Linux Mint have a direct upgrade without a clean install with an USB?
|
Yes, the Linux Mint upgrade guide lists the available upgrade paths and provides links to the corresponding documentation.
In general, you can upgrade from any given release or point release to the latest point release for that major version (e.g. 19.1 to 19.3), and from the latest point release for a given major vers... | Does Linux Mint have a direct upgrade like Ubuntu |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I was upgrading Ubuntu 18.04 to Ubuntu 20.04 using do-release-upgrade -f DistUpgradeViewNonInteractive, but the upgrade halted due to a power cut and upon resuming the upgrade I was getting the following errors:
In the hope to resume the upgrade, upon execution of do-release-upgrade -f DistUpgradeViewNonInteractive I... |
I tried the following steps:
First I tried purging using sudo apt-get purge libappstream3 as suggested here, but this package was not found in the system.
Then, as suggested in this blog post and this comment, and I tried sudo dpkg --configure -a, and the installation resumed and completed without any error.
After tha... | Interrupted upgrade of Ubuntu from 18.04 to 20.04 gives - Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success |
1,592,034,953,000 |
So I was in the process of upgrading a Debian 8 to 9 following those instructions. Something went wrong, python broke and now I haven't been able to fix it after hours on it. Some samples:
# apt-get install --fix-broken
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... D... |
The problem come from the security repository, it is not set correctly.
Replace the following line described in the webpage:
deb http://security.debian.org stretch/updates main contrib non-free
with:
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free
Then run:
sudo apt update
sudo a... | Broken python during Debian 8->9 upgrade |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I have been on testing for a while, and would like a more stable system, so I think the best way to accomplish that would be to pin my system to buster.
I know downgrades are risky, but I think this should be a side-grade, and therefore not risky?
Here's my current setup:
------------------------------
$ cat /etc/apt... |
The right time to “side-grade” from testing to the latest stable release of Debian is when testing becomes stable, or shortly thereafter. The main indicator that such a change is no longer possible is when the next version of glibc migrates to testing — and that happened in mid-September.
In any case, you’re in unsupp... | Debian: Now that buster is stable, how can I "side-grade" away from testing? |
1,592,034,953,000 |
I am trying to upgrade my Ubuntu installation to version 18.04 from 16.04
I was not offered any upgrade with the software upgrade so I tried to do it using command lines and I followed this set of commands: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-upgrade-to-ubuntu-18-04-lts-bionic-beaver
But I am getting the message that there... |
That's because the currently released version is 18.04.0. To existing LTS¹ users the upgrade becomes available automatically from 18.04.01 onwards.
If you insist in upgrading right now feel free to use:
do-release-upgrade --devel-release
(I didn't upgrade: I like other people to have the problems and debug version 0... | Problem upgrading Ubuntu to version 18.04 |
1,592,034,953,000 |
At the moment I am running fedora-27 and I would like to upgrade it to fedeora-30. I followed the steps described in fedora wiki.
sudo dnf upgrade --refresh
sudo dnf install dnf-plugin-system-upgrade
sudo dnf system-upgrade download --refresh --best --allowerasing --releasever=28
sudo dnf system-upgrade reboot
Note ... |
The problem was the compat-libicu57- 57.1-2.fc28.x86_64.rpm file which was saved in
/var/lib/dnf/system-upgrade/fedora-f21308f6293b3270/packages/
The critical error that was encountered was referring to an incorrect checksum.
To solve the issue the following steps were followed
The /var/lib/dnf/system-upgrade/fedora-... | Upgrading from Fedora-27 to Fedora-28 |
1,592,034,953,000 |
After performing a dist upgrade from 17.10 to 18.04 texstudio no longer runs. I get the following error
This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb"
in "".
Available platform plugins are: eglfs, linuxfb, minimal, minimalegl, offscreen, vnc, xcb.
Reinstalling the app... |
There was a grub bug reported for these exact symptoms. Following links in the comments i found the following Virtualbox ticket where another user posted the fix below
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libqt5dbus5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5network5 libqt5gui5 libqt5core5a libdouble-conversion1 libxcb-xinerama0
Essentially, ... | Upgrade from Ubuntu 17.10 to 18.04 Broke Texstudio/Qt |
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