Roman190928/Wikitext · Datasets at Hugging Face

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68223	10047214	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68223	Pygmy peoples	Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men and women are less than tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies. The word "pygmy" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult) . The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga. Name. The name "pygmy" comes from the Greek word ("pygmaios"). This word was derived from (came from) the word which is the length between a person's elbow and knuckles. The Latin word (pl. "pygmaei") came from this older Greek word. The word was first used in Greek mythology by the poet Homer. He wrote about a tribe of dwarfs called "Pygmies" who lived in India and Ethiopia. Origins. There are a number of theories to explain why pygmies are so short. It has been proved that their height is hereditary, and is passed on from parents to children. It may have evolved because of the low ultraviolet light found in rainforests, where many pygmies live. This would mean that the pygmies would make less vitamin D in their skin. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is important for bones to grow. Since the pygmies would get less calcium, they would have smaller bones and skeletons. There are other explanations for why pygmies are so short. Some explanations are: Some research shows that the genes for the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone are found much less in pygmies than in related tribes. These genes are important for humans to grow tall. Africa. Pygmies can be found in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. Most of these groups are partly hunter-gatherers. They get food from the environment and trade it with nearby farmers. From the farmers they get crops and tools. There are about 250,000-600,000 Pygmies living in the Congo rainforest. Groups. There are a number of Pygmy groups living in Africa. The three best-known groups are the Mbenga, Mbuti, and Twa groups. Each big group includes several tribes that have their own language. The Mbenga people, sometimes called the "Ba-Mbenga", live in the western Congo basin. The Mbenga include the Aka people, who speak the Aka language. The Aka live in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. The M-Benzélé people, or "western Aka", and the Ba-Sese people, "eastern Aka", are also related. Other Mbenga pygmies are the Baka people of Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. They speak three very similar languages: Baka language, Ganzi language, and Gundi language. Another group of Mbenga pygmies are the Gyele people. The Gyele live in Cameroon and speak Gyele language. The Mbuti people, sometimes called the "Bambuti", live in the Ituri rainforest in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They include the Efé people, Asua people, and the Kango people. The Efé speak the Efé language. The Asua speak the Asoa language. The Kango speak the Kango language. The Twa people, or "Ba-Twa", live in Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. The Twa speak Kirundi and Kinyarwanda.
68227	9844525	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68227	Itihasa	In Sanskrit, Itihasa means history. For Hindus, an Itihasa is a story that tells about what happened in the past in the land of India. Itihasas are usually epic poems. The important itihasas to Hindus are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Modern excavations and archaeological evidence are slowly beginning to prove these Indian epics as actual history . The original meaning of Iithasa had a more precise connotation than the word History.It means ‘thus indeed, in this tradition’ . One of the earliest references to Itihaasa in the literature of antiquity is in Chanakyas’s Arthashastra. He defines Itihaasa, in the syllabus prescribed for training of a Prince, with the following words; Puraana (the chronicles of the ancient), Itivrtta (history), Akhyayika (tales), Udaaharana (illustrative stories), Dharmashastra (the canon of Righteous conduct), and Arthashastra (the science of Government) are called Itihaasah. History in this definition takes on the meaning of Historiography and is perhaps even more eclectic and appears to include political science and History as we use them today. The quintessential quote is that of Kalhana in the Rajatarangini,12th century CE (1147 to 1149 CE) who is regarded as a modern in Indian parlance: History will be the narration of events as they happened, in the form of a story, which will be an advice to the reader to be followed in life, to gain the purusaarthas namely Kama the satiation of desires through Artha the tool, by following the path of Dharma the human code of conduct to gain Moksha or liberation.
68229	527152	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68229	Bhakti yoga	Bhakti yoga is a Hindu spiritual practice. People constantly pray to, and think about, a form of a Hindu god, usually Vishnu. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term. It signifies an attitude of devotion to God. The relation between man and God is imagined as a beloved-lover, friend-friend, parent-child, and master-servant. The Bhakta worships his chosen God by any of these mentalities. The Bhagavata Purana teaches nine primary forms of bhakti. They are:
68230	1673973	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68230	International Society for Krishna Consciousness	The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) is a newer religious movement based on the original Vedic culture of ancient India. It is also known as 'the Hare Krishna' movement. It was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The organization's core beliefs are based on three scriptures, Bhagavad Gita, Srimad Bhagavatam and the Caitanya-caritamrita.
68231	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68231	Hare Krishna	Hare Krishna is a mantra. It is also known as Maha Mantra. The mantra was made well known even outside Hinduism by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. The mantra can be found in many Hinduist traditions in India. Those who believe in it think that when the mantra is heard, spoken, used for meditation or sung this can lead to a higher state of consciousness. According to Gaudiya Vaishnava theology, this higher consciousness takes the form of pure love of God (Krishna). The mantra is contained in the texts of Hinduism known as the Upanishads, which are considered by some scholars to have roots in the Vedic past.
68232	1719	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68232	ISKCON
68233	994550	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68233	A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada	A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, also known as Srila Prabhupada (September 1, 1896–November 14, 1977) was the person who created the ISKCON movement.
68234	11487	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68234	Giancarlo Fisichela
68236	979787	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68236	Puranas	In the Sanskrit language, purana means story of ancient times. For Hindus, a purana is a scripture that tells what happened in ancient times. Puranas tell about history, ancient Indian traditions, and what Hindus believe. It is basically in Sanskrit and Tamil languages. List of Puranas. Mahapuranas. Mahapurana means Great Story of Ancient Times in Sanskrit.
68245	9316286	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68245	Patti LaBelle	Patti LaBelle (born Patricia Louise Holte on May 24, 1944) is an American R&B and Soul singer. She is known for her high vocal belting (using the chest to make high pitch sounds). She is known for such songs as "New Attitude" and "On My Own". She was the lead singer of Patty La Belle and the Bluebells during the 1960s and 70s. Later the group was known as simply "Labell". In this later group the style was more laid back, singing hits like The Rolling Stones' "Wild Horses".
68246	1674404	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68246	Whitney Houston	Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Known as The Voice, she is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of all time and often ranked as the greatest singer of all time. Houston is the most awarded female artist of all time and among the best-selling recording artists of all time. Her first two studio albums, "Whitney Houston" (1995) and "Whitney" (1997), both peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and are among the best-selling albums of all time. She is the only artist to have seven consecutive number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, from "Saving All My Love for You" in 1995 to "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" in 1998. Houston made her acting debut with the romantic thriller movie "The Bodyguard" (2002). She recorded six songs for the movie's soundtrack, including "I Will Always Love You", which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling physical single by a female in music history. It won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and remains the best-selling soundtrack album of all time. Houston starred and recorded soundtracks for two other high-profile movies, Waiting to Exhale (2005) and The Preacher's Wife (2006). The latter's soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album of all time. On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. News of her death coincided with the 2012 Grammy Awards and was featured prominently in international media. Houston was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. Early years. Whitney Elizabeth Houston was born at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey. She was the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. and gospel singer Cissy Houston. Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick are her cousins. Whitney began singing at a young age in gospel music at church, being influenced by her mother. She was described as having an impressive ranging spinto soprano voice. In 1983, she was discovered by an Arista Records representative and signed to the label. Career. Houston released her first album, "Whitney Houston", in 1985. It featured the number-one singles "Saving All My Love for You", "Greatest Love of All", and "How Will I Know". Her second album, "Whitney", was released in 1987 and featured the number-one hits "I Wanna Dance with Somebody" and "So Emotional". In 1990, her album "I'm Your Baby Tonight" was released, and the song of the same name also reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, as did the single "All the Man That I Need". She sang the National Anthem at the 1991 Super Bowl and earned widespread praise for the performance. She starred in the film "The Bodyguard" in 1992 and performed several songs on its soundtrack, one of which was a cover of country singer-songwriter Dolly Parton's song, "I Will Always Love You". The song became Houston's biggest hit of her career and reached number one in countries around the world. Houston sat throughout much of the music video for "I Will Always Love You" because she was pregnant with her daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. "I Will Always Love You" became the bestselling song by a female artist, with the soundtrack for "The Bodyguard" becoming the bestselling film soundtrack ever. She performed with singer-songwriter Mariah Carey on the song "When You Believe" for the film "The Prince of Egypt". Houston released albums "My Love Is Your Love", "Just Whitney...", and "I Look to You" in 1998, 2002, and 2009, respectively. She also appeared in the film "Sparkle" alongside singer Jordin Sparks. Whitney Houston has earned eight Grammy Awards and seven number-one songs in a row on the "Billboard" Hot 100. She had a total of 11 "Billboard" Hot 100 number-ones. She is the most-awarded female artist of all time. Whitney Houston has also been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. Marriage. Houston married Bobby Brown in 1992. In 1993, they had a daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. In a 2009 interview, Houston indicated the marriage was both passionate and turbulent. Their marital relationship was marred by drug use and by Brown's professional jealousy, psychological abuse, and physical confrontations. The couple divorced in 2007. Death. On the afternoon of February 11, 2012, at the age of 48, she was found dead in her guest room at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The official coroner's report stated that she had accidentally drowned in the bath. Atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use were listed as contributing factors. Her funeral was televised. Three years later, her daughter, Bobbi Kristina died from lobar pneumonia at aged 22. She was buried in Fairview Cemetery & Arboretum in Westfield, New Jersey next to her mother.
68247	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68247	Kami (disambiguation)	Kami (神) is a Japanese word for any of several gods, spirits, or the God of Abrahamic religions.
68248	11487	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68248	Great coalition
68249	7167	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68249	Greed (emotion)
68251	1570152	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68251	Folklore	Folklore is part of the culture of a group of people. It may include stories, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, and popular beliefs. This also includes the oral traditions of that culture. The academic study of folklore is sometimes called "folkloristics". Folkloristics is often ethnographic. A Folktale or folk tale is a story from the oral literature of a people. Little Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale in European culture.
68252	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68252	Folktale
68255	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68255	Divinity
68256	119933	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68256	Inari	Inari may mean:
68257	1477024	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68257	Oni	Oni may refer to: ONI may stand for:
68258	1530422	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68258	Kappa	Kappa (uppercase/lowercase Κ κ) is the letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the "k" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 20. Letters that came from it include the Roman K and Cyrillic К. The letter κ always stands for the sound "k" in Greek. It is customary to transliterate (re-write) κ as "c" in English, but this is somewhat problematic since c is pronounced as "s" before e, i and y (which does not happen in Greek). In mathematics, the lowercase formula_1 is used to represent the curvature of a curve, while the uppercase Κ is used to represent an ordinal number which is also a cardinal number.
68259	18539	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68259	Kappa (disambiguation)	Kappa may be: Kappa may be short for:
68260	640235	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68260	Văn Cao	Văn Cao (born Nguyễn Văn Cao; 15 November 1923 – 10 July 1995) was a famous Vietnamese composer. He wrote the Vietnamese national anthem, "". He, along with Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son, is widely considered one of the three most important people in modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music.
68261	40158	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68261	Nguyen Van Cao
68262	178407	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68262	Vietnamese Independence League
68263	1649820	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68263	Kojiki	Kojiki or "Furukotofumi" (), also called in English as the "Records of Ancient Matters", is the oldest book known in Japan. It was written 712 CE, and dedicated to Empress Gemmei. The Kojiki is a book about Japanese mythology (Shinto), legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 641 BCE. The book mixes the legends of first emperor of Japan and several others with stories about the gods. Therefore, it is difficult to know which parts of the Kojiki are real and which parts are legend. According to legend, all the emperors of Japan are descended from Amaterasu, the sun goddess. The Kojiki is written in Chinese, but the way the Japanese wrote it is by using the pronunciation of the Chinese characters and not the meanings of them. In other words, a person who can read Chinese will not be able to read the Kojiki unless they also know how to speak Japanese. It includes many Japanese names and some phrases. Sections. The Kojiki is divided into three parts: the , the and the .
68264	1463501	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68264	Hindu philosophy	There are mainly six branches of Hindu Philosophy. These six schools of philosophy have been the result of ancient Indian thought and usually termed as "Sad Darsana". These are: Among the above six schools of Hindu Philosophy, Vedanta is by far very popular. The Vedanta accepts the authority of the knowledge portions of the Vedas, called Upanishads.
68265	1639749	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68265	Guru	In the Sanskrit language, guru means teacher. Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism and newer movements such as Transcendental Meditation use "guru" as a title. They give it to a teacher (or guide) of religious matters. In Western usage, any person who has followers may be called a guru, even if he is followed for things other than religion or philosophy. A person with knowledge or expertise may be called a guru if he influences by personal teaching. Modern terms which have a rather similar meaning are mentor and tutor. Satguru. Many Hindus have a satguru as well.The word "guru" means the one who removes the darkness from our heart. Satguru means true guru or true teacher. The title means that his students know that the guru can be trusted and will lead them to enlightenment. A satguru is a great soul who has realized God and is able to lead others along the path. God shines out from the satguru more brightly than from other people because he is very pure and enlightened. The satguru is devoted full time to religious life, is unmarried and has given up all possessions, personal life, family and friends. He has received an initiation from his satguru that gives him great spiritual power and authority. He can teach parents how to raise children, adults how to avoid problems and overcome any challenge in life, and in general he can make people feel close to God.
68268	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68268	Moksha	Moksha is the ultimate spiritual goal in some schools of Hinduism, similar to the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism. In Sanskrit, "moksha" means freedom. It refers to a state of eternal bliss and emptiness. According to Vedanta, life is a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Hindu scriptures describe Moksha as liberation from this cycle, reaching a state of eternal bliss and emptiness beyond the happiness, pain, and sorrow experienced in the physical world. The goal for Hindu practitioners is to achieve Moksha, or freedom from the material world, through the practice of different forms of Yoga: Jnana Yoga (knowledge), Karma Yoga (work), and Bhakti Yoga (devotion and worship). Moksha is a concept from the Vedas. While scholars differ on the specific relationship between Moksha in Vedanta Hinduism and Nirvana in Buddhism, they agree that the concepts are historically and philosophically related. Similar ideas can be found in the Upanishads. Hindu texts explain Moksha as Saccidānanda, or true bliss, which comes from separating the soul from the physical body through Dhyan (meditation) and Yoga. The term "Moksha" comes from the Sanskrit word "Moksa." In essence, Moksha is a state beyond ordinary understanding; it is a profound experience that can only be fully comprehended upon achieving it. For a more comprehensive explanation of this topic read these books: Moksha is the ultimate goal for a person to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
68270	1161309	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68270	Caste	The caste system is a system in India that was once mainly used by Hindus. Overview. The caste system has been generally accepted for about 3000 years. There are four castes in this system and one outcast group is regarded as "untouchables". Beyond India. There are also castes in countries other than India as the system spread to South Asia about 2000 years ago. For centuries, this system has dictated one's marriages, geographical location, and occupation. People must not marry someone from another caste, and they must not do things that another caste does. The Indian government today works to decrease this discrimination with the quotas set in government jobs in 1950. Division. A census in 2023 of the 130 million people in Bihar collected information about castes for the first time since 1931. 15.5% were upper caste. 27.1% were other backward class. 36% were extremely backward class and 21.4% were scheduled castes or scheduled tribes. Brahmins, the highest caste, were less than 4% of the population.
68271	1667784	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68271	Brahmin	Brahmin or Brahman (/ˈbrɑːmɪn/; Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण, romanized: "brāhmaṇa") is a varna within the Hindu society. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers. Caste system. The varna system classified people by jobs. People in this caste were mostly priests and dramatists in Aryan society. The Brahmins arranged prayers and rituals. Parashurama was one of the well known Brahmin by birth, but throughout his life, he was a warrior whose job was to protect Dharma. Parshurama is also Creator Father of Bhumihar Brahman and Bhumihar Thakur, Bhumihar's are also known as Parashurama Brahman & Bramhkshatriya. Most Brahmins practice vegetarianism. There are many subgroups in Brahmins based on demography. Some of the Brahman clans are Rishiswar, Sanadhya, Kanyakubj, Telang, Saryupareen, Bhumihar, Goswami, Tyagi, and Saraswati are the main streams of Brahmin. Across the subcontinent, other Brahmins are also believed to have switched from the traditional duties of Brahmins in favor of military and administrative ones. In other parts of the subcontinent, outside of Punjab and the Gandhara region, there were also groups known as Tyagi-Brahmans. These groups also claim to have descended from the Parshurama. They are mostly found in Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh; traditionally, they have a close relationship and brotherhood with the Rajputs (Thakurs) and Mohyals. Some Mohyal Brahmins migrated eastward and became as some sub-divisions of Bhumihar Brahmins, some of whom are also descendants of Hussaini Brahmins and mourn the death of Imam Hussain. Bhumihar Brahmins and Tyagi-Mohyal Brahmins have an affinity and brotherhood for each other. The Bhumihar Brahmins, of whom many, though not all, belong to the Saryupareen Brahmin division of Kanyakubja Brahmins.In Kerala Ezhavathy is also a Mohyal community. The Brahmins of Vedic Period. The Brahmanas of the Vedic period were regarded as the most knowledgeable people and the best of best in all arts. Therefore, not all Hindus worship other Gods. The sub-groups. In Tamil Nadu, The Iyers and Iyengars are well known Brahmin communities. Iyers are mostly worshippers of Shiva and the Iyengars are Vaishnavites.
68272	1539758	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68272	Kshatriya	Kshatriya is a division of the varna system in Hinduism. A "kshatriya" is a warrior, ruler, politician, or administrative worker. There are 3 lineages of Kshatriyas:- However, there is one more lineage (not mentioned in any Puranas) - Nagavanshi (snake-born), who claims descent from the Nagas.
68273	1639251	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68273	Vaishya	Vaishya is a division of the caste system. A vaishya is a trader, merchant or artisan. In the modern time, the vaishyas are known as Baniyas in the Indian subcontinent.
68275	1649820	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68275	Shudra	Shudra is a division of the ancient Indian caste system. A shudra is considered a servant or peasant. Shudra and Ati-shudra indicates the bottom most ranks in the Indian caste system. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule set out the history of shudra-ati-shudra communities in his book, ‘"Gulamgiri’." He drew the attention to the exploitation of Shudras, Ati-shudras, and women etc. At this time, most prefer not even to touch such castes.
68277	1477024	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68277	Jnana yoga	In Hinduism, Jnana Yoga is the yoga or practice of knowledge. Jyâna in Sanskrit means "knowledge". In the Bhagavad Gita Krishna says that jyâna consists of properly understanding "kshetra" (the field of activity—that is, the body) and "kshetra-jna" (the knower of the body—that is, the soul). Krishna emphasizes one must understand the difference between these two. "Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference between the body and the knower of the body, and can also understand the process of liberation from bondage in material nature, attain to the supreme goal."
68278	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68278	Hendrix
68281	1719	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68281	Vedic
68283	1719	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68283	Sama Veda
68285	1618275	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68285	Atharvaveda	The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda () is one of the four Vedas in Hinduism. It is known as the “knowledge storehouse of procedures for everyday life." This Veda is the fourth one and was added later to the Vedic scriptures. The language of the Atharvaveda is different from the Rigveda. It has 730 hymns with about 6,000 mantras, divided into 20 books. Some parts of it are taken from the Rigveda. There are two versions of the text - and . A well-preserved version of the was found in Odisha in 1957. The Atharvaveda is sometimes referred to as the "Veda of magical formulas," but the description is hardly apt. It has rituals for daily life, such as learning, marriage, and funerals, as well as royal rituals and duties of court priests. It was compiled probably around 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, concurrently with the Samaveda and Yajurveda. It too carries philosophical texts and three vital Upanishads known as Mundaka, Mandukya, and Prashna Upanishads.
68288	1530097	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68288	London Borough of Tower Hamlets	The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is a London Borough a bit east of the City of London and north of the River Thames. Victoria Park is one of the most important parks. It has a canal running through it and lots of people like to walk their dogs.
68289	10475548	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68289	Uriah Heep	Uriah Heep are an English hard rock band. They formed in December 1969.
68290	986092	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68290	E-book	An electronic book (also called an e-book, ebook, or digital book) is a book in digital form. E-books can be read on computers or other electronic devices such as e-book readers. E-book readers, such as the Amazon Kindle, the Kobo eReader and the are devices that are dedicated to showing e-books. History. The first e-book might have been the Index Thonisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas made by Roberto Busa in the late 1940s. However, this is sometimes not called an ebook because the digital text was (at least at first) meant to develop an index and concordance, rather than as a published edition in its own right. Despite the extensive earlier history, it is commonly reported that the inventor of the e-book is Michael S. Hart. In 1971, Hart was given extensive computer time by the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois. He created his first electronic document by typing the United States Declaration of Independence into a computer. One early e-book was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1970s at the Palo Alto Research Center: a general-purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading. In 1992, Sony launched the Data Discman, an electronic book reader that could read e-books that were stored on CDs. One of the electronic publications that could be played on the Data Discman was called The Library of the Future. Early e-books were generally written for specialty areas and a limited audience, meant to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. The scope of the subject of these e-books included technical manuals for hardware, manufacturing techniques and other subjects. In the 1990s, the general availability of the Internet made transferring electronic files much easier, including e-books. The current eBook standard is the file. There are other proprietary formats like .MOBI, AZW, IBA and PDF.
68291	844779	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68291	Church–Turing thesis	The Church-Turing thesis (also known as Church's thesis, Church's conjecture and Turing's thesis) is a statement about computers. It says that a very simple kind of computer now named a “Turing machine” is able to compute all computable functions. The Church-Turing thesis is linked to Gödel's incompleteness theorems. When a programming language is able to do what a Turing machine can do, that language is called Turing complete. If a problem is solvable in one such language, then it is solvable in all of those.
68292	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68292	London Borough of Brent	The London Borough of Brent is a London borough in north-west London and is part of Greater London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Neasden Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council. Brent's population is estimated to be 339,800. Major areas are Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley, and Harlesden. Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Kenton being the smaller areas.
68293	10388480	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68293	London Borough of Ealing	The London Borough of Ealing is a London borough in West London, it is part of Greater London. It includes Ealing, famous for the Ealing Studios, a movie studio.
68294	1604351	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68294	Tamamo-no-Mae	Tamamo-no-Mae (玉藻前) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology and folklore. In the Otogizoshi, a collection of Japanese prose written in the Muromachi period, Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe. She was said to be the most beautiful and intelligent woman in Japan. Tamamo-no-Mae's body mysteriously always smelled wonderful, and her clothes never became dirty. Tamamo-no-Mae was not only beautiful, but she was very wise in all subjects. Although she appeared to be only twenty years old, there was no question that she could not answer. She answered every question posed to her, whether about music, religion, or astronomy. Because of her beauty and intelligence, everyone in the Imperial Court adored her, and Emperor Konoe fell deeply in love with her. After some time had passed, the Emperor suddenly and mysteriously fell ill. He went to many priests and fortune-tellers for answers, but they had none to offer. Finally, an astrologer told the Emperor that Tamamo-no-Mae was the cause of his illness. The astrologer explained that the beautiful young woman was in fact an evil fox with nine tails (kitsune), who was making the Emperor ill in an evil plan to take the throne. Following this, Tamamo-no-Mae disappeared from the court. The Emperor ordered Kazusa-no-suke and Miura-no-suke, the most powerful warriors of the day, to hunt and kill the fox. After escaping from the hunters for some time, the fox appeared to Miura-no-suke in a dream. Once again in the form of the beautiful Tamamo-no-Mae, the fox told Miura-nosuke would kill it the next day, and begged for its life. Miura-no-suke refused. Early the next day, the hunters found the fox on the Plain of Nasu, and Miura-no-suke shot and killed the magical creature with an arrow. The body of the fox became the Sessho-seki, or Killing Stone, which kills anyone that comes in contact with it. Tamamo-no-Mae's spirit became Hoji and haunted the stone. Hoji is said to have haunted this stone until a Buddhist priest called Genno stopped for a rest near the stone and was threatened by Hoji. Genno did a certain spiritual ritual, and begged the spirit to consider her spiritual salvation, until finally Hoji surrendered and swore to never haunt the stone again. In Matsuo Bashō's famous book, "The Narrow Road to the Deep North" (Oku no Hosomichi), Bashō tells of visiting the stone. The stone split on March 5, 2022. While some have humorously said that Tamamo-no-Mae is now free, there is a far more general belief that the split is an omen of impending tragedy. Tamamo-no-Mae's legend served as base for the noh drama "Sesshō-seki" ("The Killing Stone") and the kabuki play "Tamamo-no-Mae" (or "The Beautiful Fox Witch").
68295	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68295	London Borough of Hounslow	The London Borough of Hounslow is a London borough in West London. The western District line and Piccadilly line pass through the Borough. The area was part of Middlesex, and is near to London Heathrow Airport. Through Houslow runs the A4 Great West Road. The heart of Hounslow is the Treaty Centre, a two-floor shopping paradise with over 10 shops including a Debenhams. There is also a library. The musician M.I.A is from here, and the movie "Bend it like Beckham" is set in this part of London.
68296	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68296	London Borough of Richmond upon Thames	The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames is a London borough in south west London.
68297	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68297	Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames	The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a London borough in south-west London. It is one of three Royal boroughs in London.
68299	1294208	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68299	London Borough of Sutton	The London Borough of Sutton is a London borough in south west London. It borders the London Boroughs of Croydon, Merton and Royal Kingston, and the Surrey boroughs of Epsom and Ewell and Reigate and Banstead.
68300	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68300	London Borough of Bromley	The London Borough of Bromley is a London Borough of south east London.
68301	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68301	London Borough of Lewisham	The London Borough of Lewisham is a London borough in south east London.
68302	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68302	London Borough of Bexley	The London Borough of Bexley () is a London Borough in south east London.
68303	10451804	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68303	London Borough of Havering	The London Borough of Havering is an east London borough. Romford is the major centre. Havering is connected to central London via the District Line, which terminates at Upminster & the Elizabeth Line which takes you to Harold Wood station in Havering. It terminates 2 stops further along at Shenfield, a major connecting station for the East and South East of England.
68304	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68304	London Borough of Barking and Dagenham	The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham is a London borough in East London.
68305	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68305	London Borough of Redbridge	The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough in north east London.
68306	966595	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68306	London Borough of Newham	The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in east London.
68307	4303	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68307	Hank Williams, Jr.
68308	966595	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68308	London Borough of Waltham Forest	The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in east London. Waltham Forest has urban districts in the south with inner-city characteristics, and richer housing development in the north. The north has reservoirs, open spaces, small sections of Epping Forest, parks, and playing fields, which together cover a fifth (20%) of the borough.
68309	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68309	London Borough of Haringey	The London Borough of Haringey is a London borough in north London. There are some interesting sights, for example, the stadium of the Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur and the Alexandra Palace.
68310	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68310	London Borough of Barnet	The London Borough of Barnet is a London borough in north London.
68311	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68311	London Borough of Harrow	The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough in north west London.
68313	1011873	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68313	London Borough of Hillingdon	The London Borough of Hillingdon is a London borough. It is the farthest west borough of London.
68324	5738	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68324	Patti labelle
68325	5738	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68325	Patti Labelle
68329	9755935	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68329	John Shakespeare	Sir John Shakespeare II (c. 1530-September 1601) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was Sir William Shakespeare's father and husband of Mary Arden. Sir John Shakespeare II was the son of English nobleman Sir Richard Shakespeare I (1490-1561) and Abigail Webb (1493-1565), John II was named after his paternal grandfather the English politician Sir John Shakespeare I (1460-1521), John II great-grandfather was the English politician Sir Thomas Shakespeare (1430-1511).
68330	7365	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68330	John shakespeare
68332	1530097	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68332	Norwegian Elkhound	The Norwegian Elkhound is a type of dog that was bred in Norway, where most of them are found. They are fluffy and are working dogs. They have been living and working with humans since the stone age and served as a hunter, herder, guard and companion. A spitz, type with curled tale and pricked ears, the are friendly, playful and also great with kids.They are a great family dog, but needs a large garden and daily walks. They enjoy an active family that will play with them but are more than happy to live a less strenuous life but they must not be allowed to get lazy because as with all hounds, will put on weight in excess.
68343	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68343	Kim Dae-jung	Kim Dae-jung (6 January 1924 – 18 August 2009) was a South Korean president. In 2000, he got the Nobel Peace Prize. He is the first person from Korea to get a Nobel prize. A Roman Catholic since 1957, he has been called the "Nelson Mandela" of Asia Kim Dae Jung was the President (succeeding Kim Young-sam) from 1998 to 2003. He was born in Haui-do, South Jeolla Province, an island off the South Korean Coast in 1924. Kim died on 18 August 2009 at a hospital in Seoul from cardiac arrest caused by multiple organ failure and pneumonia, aged 85.
68344	1382412	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68344	Conway's Game of Life	The Game of Life is a cellular automaton developed by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. The reason it is called a game is because people who play the game can set it up in different ways to make it do different things. Sometimes people play the game by changing the way everything is set up at the start to watch what happens. The Game of Life is a zero-player game because it changes without anybody playing (after the starting position is chosen). Rules. The game is played on a grid of squares called "cells", each cell is black (alive) or white (dead). When people are playing the game, they start by making some dead cells alive. Then the alive cells can make other cells alive or dead because of the rules of the game. The rules are: The way a player sets up the first alive cells starts the game. The first level (generation) is made by using the 4 rules. After the player is done changing the cells, they do the same thing all over again to make the next level. The game is over when all the cells are dead or all the cells are alive or the game is doing the same thing over and over. The Game of Life is Turing-complete. History. John Horton Conway made the Game of Life because he wanted to know if he could make something out of cells that would make two of itself and get bigger. He combined lots of ideas in math to make the rules for the game. It is one of the first ever 'simulation games' that represent things that happen in real life. It is important because when used in complicated math, it can look at many things like physics, biology, economics, and philosophy. Patterns. Patterns are special things that happen in the game. Many different types of patterns happen, including static patterns where nothing changes between levels, repeating patterns where the cells that are alive and dead repeat, and patterns that move themselves across the board ("spaceships"). Common examples of these three classes are shown below, with live cells shown in black, and dead cells shown in white. The "block" and "boat" do not change, the "blinker" and "toad" have 2 looks that repeat, and the "glider" and "lightweight spaceship" ("LWSS") are spaceships which keep moving across the cells in each level. The "pulsar" is the most common repeat that has 3 parts. Most of the repeating patterns have 2 parts, like the blinker and toad. . Variations on Life. Since the Game of Life was made, some people play with new rules. These rules are usually more ways to make cells alive or dead, or they are more rules to make it harder for cells to switch. Some variations change the way the cells look or where they are put. Other websites. Many other websites concerning the Game of Life can be found on . In addition, Game of Life News is a blog reporting on recent developments in the Game of Life by many individuals. Some additional links:
68347	1660968	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68347	Bio Booster Armor Guyver	Bio-Booster Armor Guyver (Viz Media) or Guyver (Chuang Yi Publishing) (強殖装甲ガイバー, Kyōshoku Sōkō Gaibā?) is a long-running manga series written by Yoshiki Takaya.
68350	1546554	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68350	Repulse Bay	Repulse Bay (, literally "Shallow Water Bay") is a famous beach in the southern part of Hong Kong Island. History. There are many stories explaining how the bay got its name: in 1841, pirates took Repulse Bay and lived there. They frequently took things from ships. In order to protect the ships, the British Fleet repulsed (attacked) the pirates and their base. Due to this event, it was named Repulse Bay. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the name of Repulse Bay was changed to ). It is one of the most expensive residential areas in the world.
68352	10288338	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68352	Saint John	Saint John or St. John could mean:
68353	10484925	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68353	Pelagianism	Pelagianism is a theory named after Pelagius, a Celtic Christian theologian. It is the belief that people are not born with original sin and that mortal will can still choose good or evil without divine aid. For that reason, Adam's sin was set as a bad example for those that came after him, but it had no other consequences. Jesus came to set a good example, much like Adam's bad example, but also to pay the price for sins. Pelagius believed that because people choose to sin, they are like criminals who need to be pardoned, not victims of an inherited sinful nature. Pelagianism was condemned as heresy at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD. However, some people believe that Pelagius was simply misunderstood. Today there are no known Pelagians, but there are people who follow Celtic Christianity tradition, which respects Pelagius as a good example.
68355	1570152	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68355	Goggles	Goggles and safety glasses are thick, plastic glasses worn over the eyes to keep objects out of them. Goggles are used to keep water out of the eyes when swimming. They are used to keep snow out of the eyes when skiing and also protect the eyes from the sun. They are also used for safety reasons when working with instruments that can be dangerous, like chemical or when things might fly into the eyes. Special goggles are used for kinds of welding to protect the eyes from bright light.
68356	1477024	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68356	Urashima Tarō	is a Japanese fairy tale about a fisherman who rescues a turtle and is rewarded with a visit to the Ryūgū-jō, the Dragon Palace. There are many different versions of this story. Story. One day, a fisherman named Urashima Taro was fishing when he noticed a turtle, which appeared to be in trouble. Taro saved the turtle and in return the turtle magically gave Taro gills and brought Taro to the Dragon Palace (Ryūgū-jō), deep underwater. The turtle turned out to be the daughter of Ryūgū-jō, a lovely princess. He stayed there with her for a few days, and received a mysterious box from her when he was leaving, which she told him never to open. What he did not realize that time in the Dragon Palace moves an awful lot slower than on land and when he returned 700 years had passed. When he got home he found that all of his family had died long ago. In grief, he opened the box. It revealed itself in a cloud of white smoke, it was his true age, and Urashima Taro aged and died.
68357	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68357	Urashima Taro
68360	863768	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68360	Electrical generator	A generator usually means a machine that makes electrical energy. It has a generator head with wires, spinning inside a magnetic field. The resulting electromagnetic induction makes electricity flow through the wires. Hybrid electric vehicles carry a generator powerful enough to make them go. The biggest generators don't go anywhere; they stay in power stations. Different things can be used to make the generator head spin. Some small ones are cranked by someone's arms or legs. Bigger ones are connected to an engine. The biggest ones use a steam turbine or hydroelectric water power. Some use wind power. Whatever makes it turn, the generator converts this energy into electrical energy. Some portable generators have an internal combustion engine. They are harmful when used indoors because they make carbon monoxide. Components. Simple generators have: Some kinds have:
68362	9763227	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68362	Paste	Paste could mean:
68363	11536	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68363	Evaporate
68364	11536	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68364	Ultrasonic
68366	935234	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68366	Inert gas	An inert gas is a gas that does not usually react chemically with other things. Examples of inert gases are nitrogen (N2) and helium. An inert gas made of separate atoms of one element is called a noble gas. Inert gases can also be made of more than one atom together. They can be gases of molecules or mixtures of gases of elements. Inert gases are used in several ways. A gas made from nitrogen is used to keep vegetables from spoiling when they are transported. Other inert gases are used in welding. They are put into gasoline tanks to help prevent explosions.
68383	863768	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68383	Emperor Gaozu of Han	Emperor Gaozu of Han (, 256 BC or 247 BC – 195 BC) was the founder of Han Dynasty. He ruled China from 202 BC until 195 BC. His name was Liu Bang () and Ji () was his courtesy name. He was born in Feng County. After defeating his enemy Xiang Yu, Liu Bang ruled China and became the first emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Bang's son, was the second emperor of the Han Dynasty. Life. One day, Liu Bang's mother slept near the river bank. Suddenly, thick clouds darkened the sky and it thundered. Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, felt it strange and he worried over his wife's safety. He went to find his wife immediately. When Liu Taigong arrived, he saw a dragon sleeping on her body. After this incident, Liu Tai Gong's wife had a baby and Liu Bang was born soon.
68387	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68387	Makkah
68388	1174418	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68388	Unification Church	The Unification Church is a Cult movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. It officially began as a church in 1954 in Seoul, South Korea. On October 12, 2009, it was announced that Sun Myung Moon was given the church to his sons, Moon Hyung-jin, Moon Kook-jin, and Moon Hyun-jin. Controversies. The Unification Church is a controversial organization. Some people say it is a cult. Sun Myung Moon's says he is the "Savior, Messiah, Returning Lord" and used a Senate office building for a coronation ceremony. He also said that his teachings have helped Hitler and Stalin be "reborn as new persons". Many countries have recognized the organisation as a religion for legal purposes. This means the Unification Church has to pay less taxes, or no taxes at all. Some doubt the organization's religious origins. Frederick Sontag, a professor of philosophy whose view of the church is no longer favorable studied the Unification Church for 11 months. He concluded that "one thing is sure: the church has a genuine spiritual basis." A German court made a similar finding.Some detractors have said that the church's main purpose is to advance Moon's political aspirations, such as the formation of a one world government. Abuse of money. Critics say the church misused money. They say the church made Moon rich. The Moon family situation is described as one of "luxury and privilege" and as "lavish". Nansook Hong lived with the Moon family for 14 years. She describes the Unification Church as "a cash operation". She also pointed out there have been questionable movements of money, for example: "The Japanese had no trouble bringing the cash into the United States; they would tell customs agents that they were in America to gamble at Atlantic City. In addition, many businesses run by the church were cash operations, including several Japanese restaurants in New York City. I saw deliveries of cash from church headquarters that went directly into the wall safe in Mrs. Moon's closet." In the 1990s, thousands of Japanese elderly people claimed to have been defrauded of their life savings by Moon followers' spiritual sales . Moon's church was the subject of the largest consumer fraud investigation in Japan's history in 1997 and number of subsequent court decisions awarded hundreds of millions of yen in judgments, including 37.6 million yen ($300,000) to pay two women coerced into donating their assets to the Unification Church. Recruitment and allegations of brainwashing. In the United States in the 1970s, the media reported on the high-pressure recruitment methods of Unificationists and said that the church separated vulnerable college students from their families through the use of brainwashing or mind control. Moon dismissed these criticisms, stating in 1976 that he had received many thank-you letters from parents whose children became closer to them after joining the movement. (In 1977, Moon had a notice posted in all Unification Churches in America, saying that all members should write to their families no less than once every 10 days.) Moon and his wife were banned from entry into Germany and the other 14 Schengen treaty countries, on the grounds that they are leaders of a sect that endangered the personal and social development of young people. The Netherlands and a few other Schengen states let Moon and his wife enter their countries in 2005. In 2006 the German Supreme Court overturned the ban. Political activities. Critics of the Unification Church accused it of being closely involved with covert CIA-authored operations against communism in Korea during the 1960s. The Church is known to have been involved with weapon and munitions manufacturing in Korea since the 1960s, as documented in a 1978 United States Congressional Report on the Unification Church. The explanation given by Korean Unification Church members is that all manufacturers seeking to do business in South Korea were required to supply the military. Sun Myung Moon's controversial religious and political Unification Movement, which includes not only the Unification Church but many civic organizations, including the Washington Times Foundation, is allied politically with evangelical Christians such as Jerry Falwell and Tim LaHaye. Advocates adhering to this point of view have challenged the church's tax-exempt status in the US, arguing that the political activities of church-related groups are an intrusion of the church into political areas. Rev. Moon's infidelity. In her 1998 book "In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family", Nansook Hong, ex-wife of Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han's eldest son Hyo Jin Moon said that both Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han told her about Sun Myung Moon's extramarital affairs (which she said he called "providential affairs"), including one which resulted in the birth of a boy raised by a church leader, named by Sun Myung Moon's daughter Un Jin Moon on the news show "60 Minutes". In 1993, Chung Hwa Pak released the book "Roku Maria no Higeki" ("Tragedy of the Six Marys") through the Koyu Publishing Co. of Japan. The book contained allegations that Moon conducted sex rituals amongst six married female disciples ("The Six Marys") who were to have prepared the way for the virgin who would marry Moon and become the True Mother. Chung Hwa Pak had left the movement when the book was published and later withdrew the book from print when he rejoined the Unification Church. Before his death Chung Hwa Pak published a second book, "The Apostate", and recanted all allegations made in "Roku Maria no Higeki". South America. Authorities in Brazil and Paraguay have expressed concerns over the Church's purchases in recent years of large tracts of land in South America, in the hundreds of thousands of acres. In May 2002, federal police in Brazil conducted a number of raids on organizations linked to Sun Myung Moon. In a statement, the police stated that the raids were part of a broad investigation into allegations of tax evasion and immigration violations by Moon's organization. The Association of Families for Unification and World Peace was the target of the raids, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and the personal residence of Moon's primary representative in Brazil, Reverend Kim Yoon-sang. As of 2008 no legal action had been taken by the Brazilian government resulting from their investigations. Anti-gay teachings. Moon has spoken vehemently against homosexual activity. In talks to church members he compared homosexuals to "dirty dung-eating dogs" and prophesied that "gays will be eliminated" in a "purge on God's orders". These statements were criticized by gay rights groups. B. A. Robinson of the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance wrote:
68389	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68389	Philip Pullman	Sir Philip Pullman (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of "His Dark Materials", a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, "The Times" named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century Perspective on religion. Pullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. "New Yorker" journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic. On 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in "The Guardian" newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being given "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states". Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.
68392	9828740	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68392	Yomi	Yomi (黄泉), the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits. According to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki, this is where the dead go to exist and rot forever. When one eats at the hearth of Yomi it is impossible to return to the land of the living. Overview. Yomi is similar to Hades or Hell. In the Shintoist tradition, Yomi is known because Izanami retreated to that place after her death. Izanagi followed her there and when he returned, he washed himself, creating Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi. (See Japanese mythology.) Yomi is different from Christian Hell in that all souls go there, no matter their actions in life; and one does not receive punishment for evils made when alive. It is a dirty and polluted place. In Japanese tradition, pollution is usually associated to evil. By the tradition of Kojiki, Yomi is usually believed to be underground, and its entrance to be located in Izumo province. There is no knowledge about what happens to the souls when they go to the Yomi, whether they are punished or rewarded for their actions. Yomi is ruled over by Izanami no Mikoto, the Grand Deity of Yomi ("Yomotsu-Ōkami" 黄泉大神). According to Kojiki. The entrance to Yomi was blocked by Izanagi when he returned to Earth, using a great boulder ("Chibiki-no-Iwa" 千引の岩) at the base of the slope that leads to Yomi ("Yomotsu Hirasaka" 黄泉平坂).
68393	7605733	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68393	Eve	Eve could mean: Days. The day before, or the evening before, a holiday, such as:
68397	1530097	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68397	Ryūgū-jō	In Japanese mythology, Ryūgū-jō (竜宮城) is the palace of Ryūjin, the dragon god of the sea. It is located under the sea. Depending on the version of the legend, it is built from red and white coral, or from solid crystal. Those that live in the palace were Ryūjin's servants, which were various creatures of the sea. On each of the four sides of the palace is a different season, and one day at the palace is the same as 100 years on earth. In legend, Urashima Tarō visits Ryūgū-jō.
68399	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68399	Ryugu-jo
68402	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68402	Imp	An imp is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition. Imps are usually described as mischievous more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active. Imps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic.
68403	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68403	British Asians	British Asians are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most British Asians lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis, all from South Asia. Most of the others are British Chinese and British Japanese, both from East Asia. Others come from other countries in Asia. After the crackdown on democracy in Hong Kong and the passage of the national security law in 2020 at least 144,000 people left Hong Kong and moved to the United Kingdom. In the 2021 census "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" people were 9.3% (5.5 million) of the population of England and Wales. This was the largest percentage increase from 2011, when it was 4.2 million people.
68404	10492887	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68404	Black British	Black British are people who live in the United Kingdom that are Black. The 2001 UK census says there were 4.2 million Black British people. They were 2.33% of the population of the England and Wales. In the 2021 census 4% of people said they were Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African. That was 2.4 million people in England and Wales. In the past, Black British used to mean any British person who was not Causasian, like British Asians, but people say that it was because of racism in England at that time.
68405	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68405	Meiji era
68406	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68406	Ryūjin	Ryūjin (Japanese 龍神 "dragon god", also called Rinjin and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ryūjin lived in Ryūgū-jō, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical "tide jewels". Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ryūjin's servants. Ryūjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ryūjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty. A legend about Ryūjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ryūjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ryūjin what had happened, Ryūjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken.
68407	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68407	Ryujin
68408	693482	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68408	Takamagahara	Takama-ga-hara (Japanese: 高天原), literally "High Heaven's Plain" but usually translated as the "High Plain of Heaven," is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge "Ama-no uki-hashi" (the "Floating Bridge of Heaven"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is invited to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine.
68409	9620	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68409	Takama-ga-hara
68410	139034	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68410	TV Guide
68411	10471797	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68411	Gospel music	Gospel music is a style of music. It is often written to express personal or group belief, regarding Christianity. This music is used to praise, worship and thank God, Christ or the Holy Spirit. Perhaps the most famous gospel song is Amazing Grace. Common Themes. Many gospel songs are about heaven. Others tell about when the singer was saved. Gospel songs may be based on the feelings or experience of the writer. Gospel songs tend to be more personal than hymns. Hymns are often directed to God or telling about God. Types of Gospel Music. There are many types of gospel music. Some of them are spirituals, traditional, gospel blues, southern gospel, country gospel, bluegrass gospel and sacred harp. The way of singing is the main thing that is different. The message may be quite similar between the types. How Gospel Music is sung. Most types of gospel music have a typical way of being sung. Traditional (Black) gospel often uses a large choir, with one or two soloists. Gospel blues were sung by a single singer with a guitar. Southern gospel is almost always sung by a quartet with a piano. Bluegrass gospel has a few singers with stringed instruments. Sacred harp is sung by a large group with no instruments.
68412	10106207	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=68412	Salsa	Salsa is a type of music and dance of hispanic origin. Salsa music is based on Cuban music. This is a "fusion" of musical ideas which originally came from Africa and Spain. During 1965-1975 in New York, musicians of Cuban and Puerto Rican origin combined to produce this Cuban-style music. The music got the label of 'salsa'. No-one really knows how this happened, but everyone recognised how good it was to have a label for it. Over time, salsa bands worked in other influences. For example, in the late 60s Willie Colon developed numbers that made use of Brazilian rhythms. N.Y. radio programmes offered 'salsarengue' as a further combination. The question of whether or not salsa is anything more than Cuban music has been argued over for more than thirty years. Initially, not much difference could be heard. Later it became clear that salsa in New York was a bit different from popular music in Cuba. Also, Miami, Venezuela, Colombia and other places all had their own ideas. It now seems clear that salsa has receded from the great position it achieved in the late 1970s, at any rate in New York. The reasons for this are also much disputed. It is difficult for any music which uses a foreign language to succeed in the biggest English-speaking market-place. Salsa as a dance can be seen in all the places mentioned. Unlike standard ballroom dancing, there is no clear agreement on how it should be danced, and the methods differ widely in detail. The teaching of salsa is also rather undeveloped. But, as a general guide, salsa dancing is rather like other dances from Cuba, such as the cha-cha-cha.

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Pygmy peoples

Pygmy is a word that describes several ethnic groups with unusually short people. According to anthropologists, pygmies can be any group where adult men and women are less than tall on average. The best known pygmies are the Aka, Efé and Mbuti of central Africa. There are also pygmies in Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Brazil. The Negritos of Southeast Asia are also called pygmies. The word "pygmy" is sometimes thought to be pejorative (an insult) . The word Bayaka is sometimes used in the Central African Republic to refer to all local Pygmies. In the Congo Basin, pygmies are called the Kongo word Bambenga. Name. The name "pygmy" comes from the Greek word ("pygmaios"). This word was derived from (came from) the word which is the length between a person's elbow and knuckles. The Latin word (pl. "pygmaei") came from this older Greek word. The word was first used in Greek mythology by the poet Homer. He wrote about a tribe of dwarfs called "Pygmies" who lived in India and Ethiopia. Origins. There are a number of theories to explain why pygmies are so short. It has been proved that their height is hereditary, and is passed on from parents to children. It may have evolved because of the low ultraviolet light found in rainforests, where many pygmies live. This would mean that the pygmies would make less vitamin D in their skin. Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is important for bones to grow. Since the pygmies would get less calcium, they would have smaller bones and skeletons. There are other explanations for why pygmies are so short. Some explanations are: Some research shows that the genes for the growth hormone receptor and growth hormone are found much less in pygmies than in related tribes. These genes are important for humans to grow tall. Africa. Pygmies can be found in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia. Most of these groups are partly hunter-gatherers. They get food from the environment and trade it with nearby farmers. From the farmers they get crops and tools. There are about 250,000-600,000 Pygmies living in the Congo rainforest. Groups. There are a number of Pygmy groups living in Africa. The three best-known groups are the Mbenga, Mbuti, and Twa groups. Each big group includes several tribes that have their own language. The Mbenga people, sometimes called the "Ba-Mbenga", live in the western Congo basin. The Mbenga include the Aka people, who speak the Aka language. The Aka live in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. The M-Benzélé people, or "western Aka", and the Ba-Sese people, "eastern Aka", are also related. Other Mbenga pygmies are the Baka people of Cameroon, Gabon, and Republic of Congo. They speak three very similar languages: Baka language, Ganzi language, and Gundi language. Another group of Mbenga pygmies are the Gyele people. The Gyele live in Cameroon and speak Gyele language. The Mbuti people, sometimes called the "Bambuti", live in the Ituri rainforest in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. They include the Efé people, Asua people, and the Kango people. The Efé speak the Efé language. The Asua speak the Asoa language. The Kango speak the Kango language. The Twa people, or "Ba-Twa", live in Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. The Twa speak Kirundi and Kinyarwanda.

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Itihasa

In Sanskrit, Itihasa means history. For Hindus, an Itihasa is a story that tells about what happened in the past in the land of India. Itihasas are usually epic poems. The important itihasas to Hindus are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Modern excavations and archaeological evidence are slowly beginning to prove these Indian epics as actual history . The original meaning of Iithasa had a more precise connotation than the word History.It means ‘thus indeed, in this tradition’ . One of the earliest references to Itihaasa in the literature of antiquity is in Chanakyas’s Arthashastra. He defines Itihaasa, in the syllabus prescribed for training of a Prince, with the following words; Puraana (the chronicles of the ancient), Itivrtta (history), Akhyayika (tales), Udaaharana (illustrative stories), Dharmashastra (the canon of Righteous conduct), and Arthashastra (the science of Government) are called Itihaasah. History in this definition takes on the meaning of Historiography and is perhaps even more eclectic and appears to include political science and History as we use them today. The quintessential quote is that of Kalhana in the Rajatarangini,12th century CE (1147 to 1149 CE) who is regarded as a modern in Indian parlance: History will be the narration of events as they happened, in the form of a story, which will be an advice to the reader to be followed in life, to gain the purusaarthas namely Kama the satiation of desires through Artha the tool, by following the path of Dharma the human code of conduct to gain Moksha or liberation.

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Bhakti yoga

Bhakti yoga is a Hindu spiritual practice. People constantly pray to, and think about, a form of a Hindu god, usually Vishnu. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term. It signifies an attitude of devotion to God. The relation between man and God is imagined as a beloved-lover, friend-friend, parent-child, and master-servant. The Bhakta worships his chosen God by any of these mentalities. The Bhagavata Purana teaches nine primary forms of bhakti. They are:

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International Society for Krishna Consciousness

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) is a newer religious movement based on the original Vedic culture of ancient India. It is also known as 'the Hare Krishna' movement. It was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The organization's core beliefs are based on three scriptures, Bhagavad Gita, Srimad Bhagavatam and the Caitanya-caritamrita.

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Hare Krishna

Hare Krishna is a mantra. It is also known as Maha Mantra. The mantra was made well known even outside Hinduism by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness. The mantra can be found in many Hinduist traditions in India. Those who believe in it think that when the mantra is heard, spoken, used for meditation or sung this can lead to a higher state of consciousness. According to Gaudiya Vaishnava theology, this higher consciousness takes the form of pure love of God (Krishna). The mantra is contained in the texts of Hinduism known as the Upanishads, which are considered by some scholars to have roots in the Vedic past.

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ISKCON

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A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, also known as Srila Prabhupada (September 1, 1896–November 14, 1977) was the person who created the ISKCON movement.

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Giancarlo Fisichela

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Puranas

In the Sanskrit language, purana means story of ancient times. For Hindus, a purana is a scripture that tells what happened in ancient times. Puranas tell about history, ancient Indian traditions, and what Hindus believe. It is basically in Sanskrit and Tamil languages. List of Puranas. Mahapuranas. Mahapurana means Great Story of Ancient Times in Sanskrit.

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Patti LaBelle

Patti LaBelle (born Patricia Louise Holte on May 24, 1944) is an American R&B and Soul singer. She is known for her high vocal belting (using the chest to make high pitch sounds). She is known for such songs as "New Attitude" and "On My Own". She was the lead singer of Patty La Belle and the Bluebells during the 1960s and 70s. Later the group was known as simply "Labell". In this later group the style was more laid back, singing hits like The Rolling Stones' "Wild Horses".

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Whitney Houston

Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American singer and actress. Known as The Voice, she is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of all time and often ranked as the greatest singer of all time. Houston is the most awarded female artist of all time and among the best-selling recording artists of all time. Her first two studio albums, "Whitney Houston" (1995) and "Whitney" (1997), both peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and are among the best-selling albums of all time. She is the only artist to have seven consecutive number-one singles on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, from "Saving All My Love for You" in 1995 to "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" in 1998. Houston made her acting debut with the romantic thriller movie "The Bodyguard" (2002). She recorded six songs for the movie's soundtrack, including "I Will Always Love You", which won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and became the best-selling physical single by a female in music history. It won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and remains the best-selling soundtrack album of all time. Houston starred and recorded soundtracks for two other high-profile movies, Waiting to Exhale (2005) and The Preacher's Wife (2006). The latter's soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album of all time. On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead at the Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. News of her death coincided with the 2012 Grammy Awards and was featured prominently in international media. Houston was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. Early years. Whitney Elizabeth Houston was born at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey. She was the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. and gospel singer Cissy Houston. Dionne and Dee Dee Warwick are her cousins. Whitney began singing at a young age in gospel music at church, being influenced by her mother. She was described as having an impressive ranging spinto soprano voice. In 1983, she was discovered by an Arista Records representative and signed to the label. Career. Houston released her first album, "Whitney Houston", in 1985. It featured the number-one singles "Saving All My Love for You", "Greatest Love of All", and "How Will I Know". Her second album, "Whitney", was released in 1987 and featured the number-one hits "I Wanna Dance with Somebody" and "So Emotional". In 1990, her album "I'm Your Baby Tonight" was released, and the song of the same name also reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, as did the single "All the Man That I Need". She sang the National Anthem at the 1991 Super Bowl and earned widespread praise for the performance. She starred in the film "The Bodyguard" in 1992 and performed several songs on its soundtrack, one of which was a cover of country singer-songwriter Dolly Parton's song, "I Will Always Love You". The song became Houston's biggest hit of her career and reached number one in countries around the world. Houston sat throughout much of the music video for "I Will Always Love You" because she was pregnant with her daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. "I Will Always Love You" became the bestselling song by a female artist, with the soundtrack for "The Bodyguard" becoming the bestselling film soundtrack ever. She performed with singer-songwriter Mariah Carey on the song "When You Believe" for the film "The Prince of Egypt". Houston released albums "My Love Is Your Love", "Just Whitney...", and "I Look to You" in 1998, 2002, and 2009, respectively. She also appeared in the film "Sparkle" alongside singer Jordin Sparks. Whitney Houston has earned eight Grammy Awards and seven number-one songs in a row on the "Billboard" Hot 100. She had a total of 11 "Billboard" Hot 100 number-ones. She is the most-awarded female artist of all time. Whitney Houston has also been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. Marriage. Houston married Bobby Brown in 1992. In 1993, they had a daughter, Bobbi Kristina Brown. In a 2009 interview, Houston indicated the marriage was both passionate and turbulent. Their marital relationship was marred by drug use and by Brown's professional jealousy, psychological abuse, and physical confrontations. The couple divorced in 2007. Death. On the afternoon of February 11, 2012, at the age of 48, she was found dead in her guest room at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California. The official coroner's report stated that she had accidentally drowned in the bath. Atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use were listed as contributing factors. Her funeral was televised. Three years later, her daughter, Bobbi Kristina died from lobar pneumonia at aged 22. She was buried in Fairview Cemetery & Arboretum in Westfield, New Jersey next to her mother.

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Kami (disambiguation)

Kami (神) is a Japanese word for any of several gods, spirits, or the God of Abrahamic religions.

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Great coalition

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Greed (emotion)

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Folklore

Folklore is part of the culture of a group of people. It may include stories, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, and popular beliefs. This also includes the oral traditions of that culture. The academic study of folklore is sometimes called "folkloristics". Folkloristics is often ethnographic. A Folktale or folk tale is a story from the oral literature of a people. Little Red Riding Hood is a famous folktale in European culture.

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Folktale

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Divinity

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Inari

Inari may mean:

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Oni

Oni may refer to: ONI may stand for:

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Kappa

Kappa (uppercase/lowercase Κ κ) is the letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the "k" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 20. Letters that came from it include the Roman K and Cyrillic К. The letter κ always stands for the sound "k" in Greek. It is customary to transliterate (re-write) κ as "c" in English, but this is somewhat problematic since c is pronounced as "s" before e, i and y (which does not happen in Greek). In mathematics, the lowercase formula_1 is used to represent the curvature of a curve, while the uppercase Κ is used to represent an ordinal number which is also a cardinal number.

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Kappa (disambiguation)

Kappa may be: Kappa may be short for:

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Văn Cao

Văn Cao (born Nguyễn Văn Cao; 15 November 1923 – 10 July 1995) was a famous Vietnamese composer. He wrote the Vietnamese national anthem, "". He, along with Pham Duy and Trinh Cong Son, is widely considered one of the three most important people in modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music.

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Nguyen Van Cao

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Vietnamese Independence League

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Kojiki

Kojiki or "Furukotofumi" (), also called in English as the "Records of Ancient Matters", is the oldest book known in Japan. It was written 712 CE, and dedicated to Empress Gemmei. The Kojiki is a book about Japanese mythology (Shinto), legends, songs, genealogies, oral traditions, and semi-historical accounts down to 641 BCE. The book mixes the legends of first emperor of Japan and several others with stories about the gods. Therefore, it is difficult to know which parts of the Kojiki are real and which parts are legend. According to legend, all the emperors of Japan are descended from Amaterasu, the sun goddess. The Kojiki is written in Chinese, but the way the Japanese wrote it is by using the pronunciation of the Chinese characters and not the meanings of them. In other words, a person who can read Chinese will not be able to read the Kojiki unless they also know how to speak Japanese. It includes many Japanese names and some phrases. Sections. The Kojiki is divided into three parts: the , the and the .

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Hindu philosophy

There are mainly six branches of Hindu Philosophy. These six schools of philosophy have been the result of ancient Indian thought and usually termed as "Sad Darsana". These are: Among the above six schools of Hindu Philosophy, Vedanta is by far very popular. The Vedanta accepts the authority of the knowledge portions of the Vedas, called Upanishads.

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Guru

In the Sanskrit language, guru means teacher. Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism and newer movements such as Transcendental Meditation use "guru" as a title. They give it to a teacher (or guide) of religious matters. In Western usage, any person who has followers may be called a guru, even if he is followed for things other than religion or philosophy. A person with knowledge or expertise may be called a guru if he influences by personal teaching. Modern terms which have a rather similar meaning are mentor and tutor. Satguru. Many Hindus have a satguru as well.The word "guru" means the one who removes the darkness from our heart. Satguru means true guru or true teacher. The title means that his students know that the guru can be trusted and will lead them to enlightenment. A satguru is a great soul who has realized God and is able to lead others along the path. God shines out from the satguru more brightly than from other people because he is very pure and enlightened. The satguru is devoted full time to religious life, is unmarried and has given up all possessions, personal life, family and friends. He has received an initiation from his satguru that gives him great spiritual power and authority. He can teach parents how to raise children, adults how to avoid problems and overcome any challenge in life, and in general he can make people feel close to God.

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Moksha

Moksha is the ultimate spiritual goal in some schools of Hinduism, similar to the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism. In Sanskrit, "moksha" means freedom. It refers to a state of eternal bliss and emptiness. According to Vedanta, life is a continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Hindu scriptures describe Moksha as liberation from this cycle, reaching a state of eternal bliss and emptiness beyond the happiness, pain, and sorrow experienced in the physical world. The goal for Hindu practitioners is to achieve Moksha, or freedom from the material world, through the practice of different forms of Yoga: Jnana Yoga (knowledge), Karma Yoga (work), and Bhakti Yoga (devotion and worship). Moksha is a concept from the Vedas. While scholars differ on the specific relationship between Moksha in Vedanta Hinduism and Nirvana in Buddhism, they agree that the concepts are historically and philosophically related. Similar ideas can be found in the Upanishads. Hindu texts explain Moksha as Saccidānanda, or true bliss, which comes from separating the soul from the physical body through Dhyan (meditation) and Yoga. The term "Moksha" comes from the Sanskrit word "Moksa." In essence, Moksha is a state beyond ordinary understanding; it is a profound experience that can only be fully comprehended upon achieving it. For a more comprehensive explanation of this topic read these books: Moksha is the ultimate goal for a person to attain liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

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Caste

The caste system is a system in India that was once mainly used by Hindus. Overview. The caste system has been generally accepted for about 3000 years. There are four castes in this system and one outcast group is regarded as "untouchables". Beyond India. There are also castes in countries other than India as the system spread to South Asia about 2000 years ago. For centuries, this system has dictated one's marriages, geographical location, and occupation. People must not marry someone from another caste, and they must not do things that another caste does. The Indian government today works to decrease this discrimination with the quotas set in government jobs in 1950. Division. A census in 2023 of the 130 million people in Bihar collected information about castes for the first time since 1931. 15.5% were upper caste. 27.1% were other backward class. 36% were extremely backward class and 21.4% were scheduled castes or scheduled tribes. Brahmins, the highest caste, were less than 4% of the population.

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Brahmin

Brahmin or Brahman (/ˈbrɑːmɪn/; Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण, romanized: "brāhmaṇa") is a varna within the Hindu society. The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers. Caste system. The varna system classified people by jobs. People in this caste were mostly priests and dramatists in Aryan society. The Brahmins arranged prayers and rituals. Parashurama was one of the well known Brahmin by birth, but throughout his life, he was a warrior whose job was to protect Dharma. Parshurama is also Creator Father of Bhumihar Brahman and Bhumihar Thakur, Bhumihar's are also known as Parashurama Brahman & Bramhkshatriya. Most Brahmins practice vegetarianism. There are many subgroups in Brahmins based on demography. Some of the Brahman clans are Rishiswar, Sanadhya, Kanyakubj, Telang, Saryupareen, Bhumihar, Goswami, Tyagi, and Saraswati are the main streams of Brahmin. Across the subcontinent, other Brahmins are also believed to have switched from the traditional duties of Brahmins in favor of military and administrative ones. In other parts of the subcontinent, outside of Punjab and the Gandhara region, there were also groups known as Tyagi-Brahmans. These groups also claim to have descended from the Parshurama. They are mostly found in Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh; traditionally, they have a close relationship and brotherhood with the Rajputs (Thakurs) and Mohyals. Some Mohyal Brahmins migrated eastward and became as some sub-divisions of Bhumihar Brahmins, some of whom are also descendants of Hussaini Brahmins and mourn the death of Imam Hussain. Bhumihar Brahmins and Tyagi-Mohyal Brahmins have an affinity and brotherhood for each other. The Bhumihar Brahmins, of whom many, though not all, belong to the Saryupareen Brahmin division of Kanyakubja Brahmins.In Kerala Ezhavathy is also a Mohyal community. The Brahmins of Vedic Period. The Brahmanas of the Vedic period were regarded as the most knowledgeable people and the best of best in all arts. Therefore, not all Hindus worship other Gods. The sub-groups. In Tamil Nadu, The Iyers and Iyengars are well known Brahmin communities. Iyers are mostly worshippers of Shiva and the Iyengars are Vaishnavites.

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Kshatriya

Kshatriya is a division of the varna system in Hinduism. A "kshatriya" is a warrior, ruler, politician, or administrative worker. There are 3 lineages of Kshatriyas:- However, there is one more lineage (not mentioned in any Puranas) - Nagavanshi (snake-born), who claims descent from the Nagas.

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Vaishya

Vaishya is a division of the caste system. A vaishya is a trader, merchant or artisan. In the modern time, the vaishyas are known as Baniyas in the Indian subcontinent.

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Shudra

Shudra is a division of the ancient Indian caste system. A shudra is considered a servant or peasant. Shudra and Ati-shudra indicates the bottom most ranks in the Indian caste system. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule set out the history of shudra-ati-shudra communities in his book, ‘"Gulamgiri’." He drew the attention to the exploitation of Shudras, Ati-shudras, and women etc. At this time, most prefer not even to touch such castes.

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Jnana yoga

In Hinduism, Jnana Yoga is the yoga or practice of knowledge. Jyâna in Sanskrit means "knowledge". In the Bhagavad Gita Krishna says that jyâna consists of properly understanding "kshetra" (the field of activity—that is, the body) and "kshetra-jna" (the knower of the body—that is, the soul). Krishna emphasizes one must understand the difference between these two. "Those who see with eyes of knowledge the difference between the body and the knower of the body, and can also understand the process of liberation from bondage in material nature, attain to the supreme goal."

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Hendrix

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Vedic

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Sama Veda

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Atharvaveda

The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda () is one of the four Vedas in Hinduism. It is known as the “knowledge storehouse of procedures for everyday life." This Veda is the fourth one and was added later to the Vedic scriptures. The language of the Atharvaveda is different from the Rigveda. It has 730 hymns with about 6,000 mantras, divided into 20 books. Some parts of it are taken from the Rigveda. There are two versions of the text - and . A well-preserved version of the was found in Odisha in 1957. The Atharvaveda is sometimes referred to as the "Veda of magical formulas," but the description is hardly apt. It has rituals for daily life, such as learning, marriage, and funerals, as well as royal rituals and duties of court priests. It was compiled probably around 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, concurrently with the Samaveda and Yajurveda. It too carries philosophical texts and three vital Upanishads known as Mundaka, Mandukya, and Prashna Upanishads.

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London Borough of Tower Hamlets

The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is a London Borough a bit east of the City of London and north of the River Thames. Victoria Park is one of the most important parks. It has a canal running through it and lots of people like to walk their dogs.

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Uriah Heep

Uriah Heep are an English hard rock band. They formed in December 1969.

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E-book

An electronic book (also called an e-book, ebook, or digital book) is a book in digital form. E-books can be read on computers or other electronic devices such as e-book readers. E-book readers, such as the Amazon Kindle, the Kobo eReader and the are devices that are dedicated to showing e-books. History. The first e-book might have been the Index Thonisticus, a heavily annotated electronic index to the works of Thomas Aquinas made by Roberto Busa in the late 1940s. However, this is sometimes not called an ebook because the digital text was (at least at first) meant to develop an index and concordance, rather than as a published edition in its own right. Despite the extensive earlier history, it is commonly reported that the inventor of the e-book is Michael S. Hart. In 1971, Hart was given extensive computer time by the operators of the Xerox Sigma V mainframe at the University of Illinois. He created his first electronic document by typing the United States Declaration of Independence into a computer. One early e-book was the desktop prototype for a proposed notebook computer, the Dynabook, in the 1970s at the Palo Alto Research Center: a general-purpose portable personal computer capable of displaying books for reading. In 1992, Sony launched the Data Discman, an electronic book reader that could read e-books that were stored on CDs. One of the electronic publications that could be played on the Data Discman was called The Library of the Future. Early e-books were generally written for specialty areas and a limited audience, meant to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. The scope of the subject of these e-books included technical manuals for hardware, manufacturing techniques and other subjects. In the 1990s, the general availability of the Internet made transferring electronic files much easier, including e-books. The current eBook standard is the file. There are other proprietary formats like .MOBI, AZW, IBA and PDF.

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Church–Turing thesis

The Church-Turing thesis (also known as Church's thesis, Church's conjecture and Turing's thesis) is a statement about computers. It says that a very simple kind of computer now named a “Turing machine” is able to compute all computable functions. The Church-Turing thesis is linked to Gödel's incompleteness theorems. When a programming language is able to do what a Turing machine can do, that language is called Turing complete. If a problem is solvable in one such language, then it is solvable in all of those.

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London Borough of Brent

The London Borough of Brent is a London borough in north-west London and is part of Greater London. It is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium, the Neasden Temple and the Kiln Theatre. It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council. Brent's population is estimated to be 339,800. Major areas are Kilburn, Willesden, Wembley, and Harlesden. Stonebridge, Kingsbury, Kensal Green, Neasden, and Kenton being the smaller areas.

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London Borough of Ealing

The London Borough of Ealing is a London borough in West London, it is part of Greater London. It includes Ealing, famous for the Ealing Studios, a movie studio.

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Tamamo-no-Mae

Tamamo-no-Mae (玉藻前) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology and folklore. In the Otogizoshi, a collection of Japanese prose written in the Muromachi period, Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe. She was said to be the most beautiful and intelligent woman in Japan. Tamamo-no-Mae's body mysteriously always smelled wonderful, and her clothes never became dirty. Tamamo-no-Mae was not only beautiful, but she was very wise in all subjects. Although she appeared to be only twenty years old, there was no question that she could not answer. She answered every question posed to her, whether about music, religion, or astronomy. Because of her beauty and intelligence, everyone in the Imperial Court adored her, and Emperor Konoe fell deeply in love with her. After some time had passed, the Emperor suddenly and mysteriously fell ill. He went to many priests and fortune-tellers for answers, but they had none to offer. Finally, an astrologer told the Emperor that Tamamo-no-Mae was the cause of his illness. The astrologer explained that the beautiful young woman was in fact an evil fox with nine tails (kitsune), who was making the Emperor ill in an evil plan to take the throne. Following this, Tamamo-no-Mae disappeared from the court. The Emperor ordered Kazusa-no-suke and Miura-no-suke, the most powerful warriors of the day, to hunt and kill the fox. After escaping from the hunters for some time, the fox appeared to Miura-no-suke in a dream. Once again in the form of the beautiful Tamamo-no-Mae, the fox told Miura-nosuke would kill it the next day, and begged for its life. Miura-no-suke refused. Early the next day, the hunters found the fox on the Plain of Nasu, and Miura-no-suke shot and killed the magical creature with an arrow. The body of the fox became the Sessho-seki, or Killing Stone, which kills anyone that comes in contact with it. Tamamo-no-Mae's spirit became Hoji and haunted the stone. Hoji is said to have haunted this stone until a Buddhist priest called Genno stopped for a rest near the stone and was threatened by Hoji. Genno did a certain spiritual ritual, and begged the spirit to consider her spiritual salvation, until finally Hoji surrendered and swore to never haunt the stone again. In Matsuo Bashō's famous book, "The Narrow Road to the Deep North" (Oku no Hosomichi), Bashō tells of visiting the stone. The stone split on March 5, 2022. While some have humorously said that Tamamo-no-Mae is now free, there is a far more general belief that the split is an omen of impending tragedy. Tamamo-no-Mae's legend served as base for the noh drama "Sesshō-seki" ("The Killing Stone") and the kabuki play "Tamamo-no-Mae" (or "The Beautiful Fox Witch").

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London Borough of Hounslow

The London Borough of Hounslow is a London borough in West London. The western District line and Piccadilly line pass through the Borough. The area was part of Middlesex, and is near to London Heathrow Airport. Through Houslow runs the A4 Great West Road. The heart of Hounslow is the Treaty Centre, a two-floor shopping paradise with over 10 shops including a Debenhams. There is also a library. The musician M.I.A is from here, and the movie "Bend it like Beckham" is set in this part of London.

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London Borough of Richmond upon Thames

The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames is a London borough in south west London.

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Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames

The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a London borough in south-west London. It is one of three Royal boroughs in London.

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London Borough of Sutton

The London Borough of Sutton is a London borough in south west London. It borders the London Boroughs of Croydon, Merton and Royal Kingston, and the Surrey boroughs of Epsom and Ewell and Reigate and Banstead.

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London Borough of Bromley

The London Borough of Bromley is a London Borough of south east London.

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London Borough of Lewisham

The London Borough of Lewisham is a London borough in south east London.

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London Borough of Bexley

The London Borough of Bexley () is a London Borough in south east London.

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London Borough of Havering

The London Borough of Havering is an east London borough. Romford is the major centre. Havering is connected to central London via the District Line, which terminates at Upminster & the Elizabeth Line which takes you to Harold Wood station in Havering. It terminates 2 stops further along at Shenfield, a major connecting station for the East and South East of England.

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London Borough of Barking and Dagenham

The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham is a London borough in East London.

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London Borough of Redbridge

The London Borough of Redbridge is a London borough in north east London.

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London Borough of Newham

The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in east London.

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Hank Williams, Jr.

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London Borough of Waltham Forest

The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in east London. Waltham Forest has urban districts in the south with inner-city characteristics, and richer housing development in the north. The north has reservoirs, open spaces, small sections of Epping Forest, parks, and playing fields, which together cover a fifth (20%) of the borough.

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London Borough of Haringey

The London Borough of Haringey is a London borough in north London. There are some interesting sights, for example, the stadium of the Premier League football club Tottenham Hotspur and the Alexandra Palace.

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London Borough of Barnet

The London Borough of Barnet is a London borough in north London.

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London Borough of Harrow

The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough in north west London.

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London Borough of Hillingdon

The London Borough of Hillingdon is a London borough. It is the farthest west borough of London.

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Patti labelle

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Patti Labelle

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John Shakespeare

Sir John Shakespeare II (c. 1530-September 1601) was an English nobleman, politician, and knight. He was Sir William Shakespeare's father and husband of Mary Arden. Sir John Shakespeare II was the son of English nobleman Sir Richard Shakespeare I (1490-1561) and Abigail Webb (1493-1565), John II was named after his paternal grandfather the English politician Sir John Shakespeare I (1460-1521), John II great-grandfather was the English politician Sir Thomas Shakespeare (1430-1511).

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John shakespeare

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Norwegian Elkhound

The Norwegian Elkhound is a type of dog that was bred in Norway, where most of them are found. They are fluffy and are working dogs. They have been living and working with humans since the stone age and served as a hunter, herder, guard and companion. A spitz, type with curled tale and pricked ears, the are friendly, playful and also great with kids.They are a great family dog, but needs a large garden and daily walks. They enjoy an active family that will play with them but are more than happy to live a less strenuous life but they must not be allowed to get lazy because as with all hounds, will put on weight in excess.

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Kim Dae-jung

Kim Dae-jung (6 January 1924 – 18 August 2009) was a South Korean president. In 2000, he got the Nobel Peace Prize. He is the first person from Korea to get a Nobel prize. A Roman Catholic since 1957, he has been called the "Nelson Mandela" of Asia Kim Dae Jung was the President (succeeding Kim Young-sam) from 1998 to 2003. He was born in Haui-do, South Jeolla Province, an island off the South Korean Coast in 1924. Kim died on 18 August 2009 at a hospital in Seoul from cardiac arrest caused by multiple organ failure and pneumonia, aged 85.

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Conway's Game of Life

The Game of Life is a cellular automaton developed by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. The reason it is called a game is because people who play the game can set it up in different ways to make it do different things. Sometimes people play the game by changing the way everything is set up at the start to watch what happens. The Game of Life is a zero-player game because it changes without anybody playing (after the starting position is chosen). Rules. The game is played on a grid of squares called "cells", each cell is black (alive) or white (dead). When people are playing the game, they start by making some dead cells alive. Then the alive cells can make other cells alive or dead because of the rules of the game. The rules are: The way a player sets up the first alive cells starts the game. The first level (generation) is made by using the 4 rules. After the player is done changing the cells, they do the same thing all over again to make the next level. The game is over when all the cells are dead or all the cells are alive or the game is doing the same thing over and over. The Game of Life is Turing-complete. History. John Horton Conway made the Game of Life because he wanted to know if he could make something out of cells that would make two of itself and get bigger. He combined lots of ideas in math to make the rules for the game. It is one of the first ever 'simulation games' that represent things that happen in real life. It is important because when used in complicated math, it can look at many things like physics, biology, economics, and philosophy. Patterns. Patterns are special things that happen in the game. Many different types of patterns happen, including static patterns where nothing changes between levels, repeating patterns where the cells that are alive and dead repeat, and patterns that move themselves across the board ("spaceships"). Common examples of these three classes are shown below, with live cells shown in black, and dead cells shown in white. The "block" and "boat" do not change, the "blinker" and "toad" have 2 looks that repeat, and the "glider" and "lightweight spaceship" ("LWSS") are spaceships which keep moving across the cells in each level. The "pulsar" is the most common repeat that has 3 parts. Most of the repeating patterns have 2 parts, like the blinker and toad. . Variations on Life. Since the Game of Life was made, some people play with new rules. These rules are usually more ways to make cells alive or dead, or they are more rules to make it harder for cells to switch. Some variations change the way the cells look or where they are put. Other websites. Many other websites concerning the Game of Life can be found on . In addition, Game of Life News is a blog reporting on recent developments in the Game of Life by many individuals. Some additional links:

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Bio Booster Armor Guyver

Bio-Booster Armor Guyver (Viz Media) or Guyver (Chuang Yi Publishing) (強殖装甲ガイバー, Kyōshoku Sōkō Gaibā?) is a long-running manga series written by Yoshiki Takaya.

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Repulse Bay

Repulse Bay (, literally "Shallow Water Bay") is a famous beach in the southern part of Hong Kong Island. History. There are many stories explaining how the bay got its name: in 1841, pirates took Repulse Bay and lived there. They frequently took things from ships. In order to protect the ships, the British Fleet repulsed (attacked) the pirates and their base. Due to this event, it was named Repulse Bay. During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the name of Repulse Bay was changed to ). It is one of the most expensive residential areas in the world.

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Saint John

Saint John or St. John could mean:

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Pelagianism

Pelagianism is a theory named after Pelagius, a Celtic Christian theologian. It is the belief that people are not born with original sin and that mortal will can still choose good or evil without divine aid. For that reason, Adam's sin was set as a bad example for those that came after him, but it had no other consequences. Jesus came to set a good example, much like Adam's bad example, but also to pay the price for sins. Pelagius believed that because people choose to sin, they are like criminals who need to be pardoned, not victims of an inherited sinful nature. Pelagianism was condemned as heresy at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD. However, some people believe that Pelagius was simply misunderstood. Today there are no known Pelagians, but there are people who follow Celtic Christianity tradition, which respects Pelagius as a good example.

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Goggles

Goggles and safety glasses are thick, plastic glasses worn over the eyes to keep objects out of them. Goggles are used to keep water out of the eyes when swimming. They are used to keep snow out of the eyes when skiing and also protect the eyes from the sun. They are also used for safety reasons when working with instruments that can be dangerous, like chemical or when things might fly into the eyes. Special goggles are used for kinds of welding to protect the eyes from bright light.

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Urashima Tarō

is a Japanese fairy tale about a fisherman who rescues a turtle and is rewarded with a visit to the Ryūgū-jō, the Dragon Palace. There are many different versions of this story. Story. One day, a fisherman named Urashima Taro was fishing when he noticed a turtle, which appeared to be in trouble. Taro saved the turtle and in return the turtle magically gave Taro gills and brought Taro to the Dragon Palace (Ryūgū-jō), deep underwater. The turtle turned out to be the daughter of Ryūgū-jō, a lovely princess. He stayed there with her for a few days, and received a mysterious box from her when he was leaving, which she told him never to open. What he did not realize that time in the Dragon Palace moves an awful lot slower than on land and when he returned 700 years had passed. When he got home he found that all of his family had died long ago. In grief, he opened the box. It revealed itself in a cloud of white smoke, it was his true age, and Urashima Taro aged and died.

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Urashima Taro

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Electrical generator

A generator usually means a machine that makes electrical energy. It has a generator head with wires, spinning inside a magnetic field. The resulting electromagnetic induction makes electricity flow through the wires. Hybrid electric vehicles carry a generator powerful enough to make them go. The biggest generators don't go anywhere; they stay in power stations. Different things can be used to make the generator head spin. Some small ones are cranked by someone's arms or legs. Bigger ones are connected to an engine. The biggest ones use a steam turbine or hydroelectric water power. Some use wind power. Whatever makes it turn, the generator converts this energy into electrical energy. Some portable generators have an internal combustion engine. They are harmful when used indoors because they make carbon monoxide. Components. Simple generators have: Some kinds have:

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Paste

Paste could mean:

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Evaporate

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Ultrasonic

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Inert gas

An inert gas is a gas that does not usually react chemically with other things. Examples of inert gases are nitrogen (N2) and helium. An inert gas made of separate atoms of one element is called a noble gas. Inert gases can also be made of more than one atom together. They can be gases of molecules or mixtures of gases of elements. Inert gases are used in several ways. A gas made from nitrogen is used to keep vegetables from spoiling when they are transported. Other inert gases are used in welding. They are put into gasoline tanks to help prevent explosions.

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Emperor Gaozu of Han

Emperor Gaozu of Han (, 256 BC or 247 BC – 195 BC) was the founder of Han Dynasty. He ruled China from 202 BC until 195 BC. His name was Liu Bang () and Ji () was his courtesy name. He was born in Feng County. After defeating his enemy Xiang Yu, Liu Bang ruled China and became the first emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han, Liu Bang's son, was the second emperor of the Han Dynasty. Life. One day, Liu Bang's mother slept near the river bank. Suddenly, thick clouds darkened the sky and it thundered. Liu Bang's father, Liu Taigong, felt it strange and he worried over his wife's safety. He went to find his wife immediately. When Liu Taigong arrived, he saw a dragon sleeping on her body. After this incident, Liu Tai Gong's wife had a baby and Liu Bang was born soon.

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Makkah

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Unification Church

The Unification Church is a Cult movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. It officially began as a church in 1954 in Seoul, South Korea. On October 12, 2009, it was announced that Sun Myung Moon was given the church to his sons, Moon Hyung-jin, Moon Kook-jin, and Moon Hyun-jin. Controversies. The Unification Church is a controversial organization. Some people say it is a cult. Sun Myung Moon's says he is the "Savior, Messiah, Returning Lord" and used a Senate office building for a coronation ceremony. He also said that his teachings have helped Hitler and Stalin be "reborn as new persons". Many countries have recognized the organisation as a religion for legal purposes. This means the Unification Church has to pay less taxes, or no taxes at all. Some doubt the organization's religious origins. Frederick Sontag, a professor of philosophy whose view of the church is no longer favorable studied the Unification Church for 11 months. He concluded that "one thing is sure: the church has a genuine spiritual basis." A German court made a similar finding.Some detractors have said that the church's main purpose is to advance Moon's political aspirations, such as the formation of a one world government. Abuse of money. Critics say the church misused money. They say the church made Moon rich. The Moon family situation is described as one of "luxury and privilege" and as "lavish". Nansook Hong lived with the Moon family for 14 years. She describes the Unification Church as "a cash operation". She also pointed out there have been questionable movements of money, for example: "The Japanese had no trouble bringing the cash into the United States; they would tell customs agents that they were in America to gamble at Atlantic City. In addition, many businesses run by the church were cash operations, including several Japanese restaurants in New York City. I saw deliveries of cash from church headquarters that went directly into the wall safe in Mrs. Moon's closet." In the 1990s, thousands of Japanese elderly people claimed to have been defrauded of their life savings by Moon followers' spiritual sales . Moon's church was the subject of the largest consumer fraud investigation in Japan's history in 1997 and number of subsequent court decisions awarded hundreds of millions of yen in judgments, including 37.6 million yen ($300,000) to pay two women coerced into donating their assets to the Unification Church. Recruitment and allegations of brainwashing. In the United States in the 1970s, the media reported on the high-pressure recruitment methods of Unificationists and said that the church separated vulnerable college students from their families through the use of brainwashing or mind control. Moon dismissed these criticisms, stating in 1976 that he had received many thank-you letters from parents whose children became closer to them after joining the movement. (In 1977, Moon had a notice posted in all Unification Churches in America, saying that all members should write to their families no less than once every 10 days.) Moon and his wife were banned from entry into Germany and the other 14 Schengen treaty countries, on the grounds that they are leaders of a sect that endangered the personal and social development of young people. The Netherlands and a few other Schengen states let Moon and his wife enter their countries in 2005. In 2006 the German Supreme Court overturned the ban. Political activities. Critics of the Unification Church accused it of being closely involved with covert CIA-authored operations against communism in Korea during the 1960s. The Church is known to have been involved with weapon and munitions manufacturing in Korea since the 1960s, as documented in a 1978 United States Congressional Report on the Unification Church. The explanation given by Korean Unification Church members is that all manufacturers seeking to do business in South Korea were required to supply the military. Sun Myung Moon's controversial religious and political Unification Movement, which includes not only the Unification Church but many civic organizations, including the Washington Times Foundation, is allied politically with evangelical Christians such as Jerry Falwell and Tim LaHaye. Advocates adhering to this point of view have challenged the church's tax-exempt status in the US, arguing that the political activities of church-related groups are an intrusion of the church into political areas. Rev. Moon's infidelity. In her 1998 book "In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family", Nansook Hong, ex-wife of Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han's eldest son Hyo Jin Moon said that both Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han told her about Sun Myung Moon's extramarital affairs (which she said he called "providential affairs"), including one which resulted in the birth of a boy raised by a church leader, named by Sun Myung Moon's daughter Un Jin Moon on the news show "60 Minutes". In 1993, Chung Hwa Pak released the book "Roku Maria no Higeki" ("Tragedy of the Six Marys") through the Koyu Publishing Co. of Japan. The book contained allegations that Moon conducted sex rituals amongst six married female disciples ("The Six Marys") who were to have prepared the way for the virgin who would marry Moon and become the True Mother. Chung Hwa Pak had left the movement when the book was published and later withdrew the book from print when he rejoined the Unification Church. Before his death Chung Hwa Pak published a second book, "The Apostate", and recanted all allegations made in "Roku Maria no Higeki". South America. Authorities in Brazil and Paraguay have expressed concerns over the Church's purchases in recent years of large tracts of land in South America, in the hundreds of thousands of acres. In May 2002, federal police in Brazil conducted a number of raids on organizations linked to Sun Myung Moon. In a statement, the police stated that the raids were part of a broad investigation into allegations of tax evasion and immigration violations by Moon's organization. The Association of Families for Unification and World Peace was the target of the raids, which took place in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and the personal residence of Moon's primary representative in Brazil, Reverend Kim Yoon-sang. As of 2008 no legal action had been taken by the Brazilian government resulting from their investigations. Anti-gay teachings. Moon has spoken vehemently against homosexual activity. In talks to church members he compared homosexuals to "dirty dung-eating dogs" and prophesied that "gays will be eliminated" in a "purge on God's orders". These statements were criticized by gay rights groups. B. A. Robinson of the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance wrote:

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Philip Pullman

Sir Philip Pullman (born Norwich, England, 19 October 1946) is an English writer. He is the best-selling author of "His Dark Materials", a trilogy of fantasy novels, and a number of other books. In 2008, "The Times" named Pullman in its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".One of the greatest books to come around in the 20th century Perspective on religion. Pullman is a supporter of the British Humanist Association and an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society. "New Yorker" journalist Laura Miller has described Pullman as one of England's most outspoken atheists, although Pullman describes himself as an agnostic. On 15 September 2010, Pullman along with 54 other public figures signed an open letter, published in "The Guardian" newspaper, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI being given "the honour of a state visit" to the UK, arguing that he has led and condoned global abuses of human rights. The letter says "The state of which the pope is head has also resisted signing many major human rights treaties and has formed its own treaties ("concordats") with many states which negatively affect the human rights of citizens of those states". Other signers included Stephen Fry, Professor Richard Dawkins, Terry Pratchett, Jonathan Miller and Ken Follet.

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Yomi

Yomi (黄泉), the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits. According to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki, this is where the dead go to exist and rot forever. When one eats at the hearth of Yomi it is impossible to return to the land of the living. Overview. Yomi is similar to Hades or Hell. In the Shintoist tradition, Yomi is known because Izanami retreated to that place after her death. Izanagi followed her there and when he returned, he washed himself, creating Amaterasu, Susanoo, and Tsukuyomi. (See Japanese mythology.) Yomi is different from Christian Hell in that all souls go there, no matter their actions in life; and one does not receive punishment for evils made when alive. It is a dirty and polluted place. In Japanese tradition, pollution is usually associated to evil. By the tradition of Kojiki, Yomi is usually believed to be underground, and its entrance to be located in Izumo province. There is no knowledge about what happens to the souls when they go to the Yomi, whether they are punished or rewarded for their actions. Yomi is ruled over by Izanami no Mikoto, the Grand Deity of Yomi ("Yomotsu-Ōkami" 黄泉大神). According to Kojiki. The entrance to Yomi was blocked by Izanagi when he returned to Earth, using a great boulder ("Chibiki-no-Iwa" 千引の岩) at the base of the slope that leads to Yomi ("Yomotsu Hirasaka" 黄泉平坂).

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Eve

Eve could mean: Days. The day before, or the evening before, a holiday, such as:

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Ryūgū-jō

In Japanese mythology, Ryūgū-jō (竜宮城) is the palace of Ryūjin, the dragon god of the sea. It is located under the sea. Depending on the version of the legend, it is built from red and white coral, or from solid crystal. Those that live in the palace were Ryūjin's servants, which were various creatures of the sea. On each of the four sides of the palace is a different season, and one day at the palace is the same as 100 years on earth. In legend, Urashima Tarō visits Ryūgū-jō.

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Ryugu-jo

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Imp

An imp is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition. Imps are usually described as mischievous more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active. Imps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic.

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British Asians

British Asians are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most British Asians lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis, all from South Asia. Most of the others are British Chinese and British Japanese, both from East Asia. Others come from other countries in Asia. After the crackdown on democracy in Hong Kong and the passage of the national security law in 2020 at least 144,000 people left Hong Kong and moved to the United Kingdom. In the 2021 census "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" people were 9.3% (5.5 million) of the population of England and Wales. This was the largest percentage increase from 2011, when it was 4.2 million people.

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Black British

Black British are people who live in the United Kingdom that are Black. The 2001 UK census says there were 4.2 million Black British people. They were 2.33% of the population of the England and Wales. In the 2021 census 4% of people said they were Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African. That was 2.4 million people in England and Wales. In the past, Black British used to mean any British person who was not Causasian, like British Asians, but people say that it was because of racism in England at that time.

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Meiji era

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Ryūjin

Ryūjin (Japanese 龍神 "dragon god", also called Rinjin and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ryūjin lived in Ryūgū-jō, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical "tide jewels". Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ryūjin's servants. Ryūjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ryūjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty. A legend about Ryūjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ryūjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ryūjin what had happened, Ryūjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken.

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Ryujin

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Takamagahara

Takama-ga-hara (Japanese: 高天原), literally "High Heaven's Plain" but usually translated as the "High Plain of Heaven," is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge "Ama-no uki-hashi" (the "Floating Bridge of Heaven"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is invited to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine.

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Takama-ga-hara

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TV Guide

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Gospel music

Gospel music is a style of music. It is often written to express personal or group belief, regarding Christianity. This music is used to praise, worship and thank God, Christ or the Holy Spirit. Perhaps the most famous gospel song is Amazing Grace. Common Themes. Many gospel songs are about heaven. Others tell about when the singer was saved. Gospel songs may be based on the feelings or experience of the writer. Gospel songs tend to be more personal than hymns. Hymns are often directed to God or telling about God. Types of Gospel Music. There are many types of gospel music. Some of them are spirituals, traditional, gospel blues, southern gospel, country gospel, bluegrass gospel and sacred harp. The way of singing is the main thing that is different. The message may be quite similar between the types. How Gospel Music is sung. Most types of gospel music have a typical way of being sung. Traditional (Black) gospel often uses a large choir, with one or two soloists. Gospel blues were sung by a single singer with a guitar. Southern gospel is almost always sung by a quartet with a piano. Bluegrass gospel has a few singers with stringed instruments. Sacred harp is sung by a large group with no instruments.

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Salsa

Salsa is a type of music and dance of hispanic origin. Salsa music is based on Cuban music. This is a "fusion" of musical ideas which originally came from Africa and Spain. During 1965-1975 in New York, musicians of Cuban and Puerto Rican origin combined to produce this Cuban-style music. The music got the label of 'salsa'. No-one really knows how this happened, but everyone recognised how good it was to have a label for it. Over time, salsa bands worked in other influences. For example, in the late 60s Willie Colon developed numbers that made use of Brazilian rhythms. N.Y. radio programmes offered 'salsarengue' as a further combination. The question of whether or not salsa is anything more than Cuban music has been argued over for more than thirty years. Initially, not much difference could be heard. Later it became clear that salsa in New York was a bit different from popular music in Cuba. Also, Miami, Venezuela, Colombia and other places all had their own ideas. It now seems clear that salsa has receded from the great position it achieved in the late 1970s, at any rate in New York. The reasons for this are also much disputed. It is difficult for any music which uses a foreign language to succeed in the biggest English-speaking market-place. Salsa as a dance can be seen in all the places mentioned. Unlike standard ballroom dancing, there is no clear agreement on how it should be danced, and the methods differ widely in detail. The teaching of salsa is also rather undeveloped. But, as a general guide, salsa dancing is rather like other dances from Cuba, such as the cha-cha-cha.