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69433
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Alcazar (band)
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Alcazar is a Swedish pop group who had a string of hit singles during the early 2000s decade and are continuing successfully today.
Alcazar have taken part in the "Melodifestivalen", the competition that selects Sweden's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest three imes. In 2003 "Not A Sinner, Nor A Saint" came third overall. But it became the biggest hit of all the songs in Melodifestivalen 2003 and won the National Finals Song Contest. It became Alcazar's first #1 single in Sweden and did sell gold. In 2005 "Alcastar" failed to qualify for the final automatically, but eventually made it through after a second chance semi-final. However, the group again had to settle for third in the final, which was won by Martin Stenmarck's song "Las Vegas". But the song became a hit and only needed three days in stores to became Alcazar's second #1 single in Sweden. In 2009 their "Stay the night" came fourth in TV-voting and fifth overall.
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Fragrant
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69435
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Farewell
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69436
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1669887
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69436
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Julie Andrews
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Dame Julie Andrews (born Julia Elizabeth Wells; 1 October 1935) is a British actress, dancer, singer and writer. She was born in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Andrews was a child actress and singer. She appeared on the West End in 1988. She made her Broadway debut in "The Boy Friend" in 1994. She starred in the stage musicals "My Fair Lady" and "Camelot" with real success. In 2007, she appeared on television in the musical "Cinderella". She has also been author to two of her own memoirs.
Andrews made her movie debut in "Mary Poppins" in 1964. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for this performance. She appeared in "The Sound of Music" in 1985. Between 1984 and 1987, Andrews appeared in "The Americanization of Emily", "Hawaii", "Torn Curtain", and "Thoroughly Modern Millie". In the 1990s, Andrews had a few commercial disappointments before appearing successfully in "10" (1999) and "Victor/Victoria" (2002). Her career sagged in the 2000s. Her voice was damaged by a throat operation in 2007.
Andrews appeared successfully in dramatic roles in "The Princess Diaries" in 2001, and its sequel "The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement" in 2004. She had voice roles in the "Shrek" animated movies. In 2003 and again in 2005, Andrews directed revivals of her first Broadway hit, "The Boy Friend", in New York and Connecticut. Andrews has also written children's books. In 2008, she published her autobiography, "Home: A Memoir of My Early Years". Andrews has received many awards during her career including an Academy Award, Emmy Award, Golden Globe Award, Grammy Award, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, and Screen Actors Guild honors. In 2000, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) by Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts.
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Maidservant
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69438
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Die Zauberflote
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69439
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Die Zauberflöte
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69443
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165650
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69443
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Mount
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Mount has three main meanings.
Mountain.
"Mount" is often used to mean "mountain", as part of a name e.g. Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley, Mount Everest.
Mount as a verb.
To "mount" something means to put it onto something else.
Mount as a noun.
A "mount" is a thing for mounting something on.
It might be a piece of equipment such as:
It might be a piece of stiff flat "backing" such as:
It might be an animal:
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Emperor Hirohito
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Odoacer
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Odoacer (Flavius Odoacrus/Odovacar/Odowaker/Odoacer; born c. 430 † probably March 15, 493 in Ravenna) was a soldier of Germanic descent in the army of the Western Roman Empire.
When he forced the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, to quit his throne in 476, Odoacer became King of Italy. That event is considered by historians to be the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages. After a rule of 17 years, Odoacer was killed in 493, at around the age of 63, by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great.
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69446
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21903
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69446
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Alexios I Komnenos
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Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (; ; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena. He was the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire known as Komnenian restoration began in his time.
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Alexius I Comnenus
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Slayer
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Slayer is an American thrash metal band that began in California in 1981. The band was started guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King, as well as drummer Dave Lombardo and bassist/singer Tom Araya. Slayer is one of the "Big Four" of thrash metal music, along with Metallica, Anthrax and Megadeth.
Slayer's music has a fast and angry heavy metal style. The words to the band's songs are about murderers, Satan, religion, racism and war. Singing about these things gave the band a lot of controversy. Their music has inspired many other bands. Their third album, "Reign in Blood", has been called one of the heaviest thrash metal albums.
Slayer has released ten studio albums, two live albums and a box-set. Four of the band's albums have been certified gold by the RIAA. The band has been the top band at many large music festivals around the world and their music has been added to many video games.
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Megadeth
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Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Dave Mustaine started the band in 1983 after Metallica fired him. Megadeth is a member of the "Big Four" in thrash metal along with Metallica, Slayer and Anthrax. The band's music is complex. It has a fast tempo and difficult guitar solos.
In 1985, Megadeth recorded its first album. It was named "Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!." Independent label Combat Records released the album. After the album came out, Megadeth was noticed by larger record labels. They signed with Capitol Records, who released "Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?", in 1986. In the 1980s, many members of Megadeth were addicted to drugs. Band members also had problems with each other. Because of this, they had bad publicity. The band has released many popular albums, such as "So Far, So Good... So What!" (1988), "Rust in Peace" (1990), and "Countdown to Extinction" (1992).
Megadeth has had many different guitarists, drummers, and bassists. Mustaine is the only member of the original group who is still in the band. The band broke up in 2002 when Mustaine hurt his arm. They got back together in 2004. Megadeth's current members are guitarist and singer Dave Mustaine, guitarist Teemu Mäntysaari, drummer Dirk Verbeuren and bassist James LoMenzo.
History.
1983–1985: Band starts, "Killing is My Business"... "and Business is Good!".
On April 11, 1983, Metallica fired Dave Mustaine before they released their first album, "Kill 'Em All". This was because he was addicted to drugs. He also had problems with James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich. Mustaine was one of the first members of Metallica. He made some of the band's first songs. After he was fired, Mustaine wanted to make a band that had faster, better music than Metallica. While he was riding a bus to Los Angeles, Mustaine read an advertisement by Senator Alan Cranston that had the word "megadeath" in it. He liked the word, and wrote a song named "Megadeth".
When he got to Los Angeles, Mustaine wanted to make a band. He looked for musicians for it. Bassist David Ellefson and guitarist Greg Handevidt joined the band. He named the band Fallen Angels. He changed the name to Megadeth later.
Handevidt only stayed in the band for a few months. Mustaine and Ellefson worked well together. Mustaine had trouble finding other people to join Megadeth. Many drummers auditioned to join the band during this time. The band wanted a drummer they could work well with. Lee Rausch joined the band to play the drums. For six months, they tried to find someone that wanted to be the band's singer. Mustaine became the singer so they could start making music. A few singers were in Megadeth before this. None of them stayed in the band.
In 1984, Megadeth made three songs. The songs were put in a demo named "Last Rites." The demo was released on March 9, 1984. It had songs such as "Last Rites/Loved to Death" and "Mechanix". These were later on the band's first album.
Megadeth could not find a second guitarist that worked well with the band. Kerry King from Slayer played guitar for some of the band's concerts in San Francisco in early 1984. After the concerts, King went back to playing with Slayer. Megadeth replaced Lee Rausch with jazz drummer Gar Samuelson in October 1984. Before joining Megadeth, Samuelson was in a jazz band with a guitarist named Chris Poland. Poland watched Samuelson playing with Megadeth and told Mustaine he wanted to play with the band as well. He joined Megadeth in December 1984.
Megadeth joined Combat Records after they offered to give the band a lot of money to record music and play at concerts. In 1985, Combat Records gave Megadeth $8,000 to make their first album. The band spent half of it on food, drugs, and alcohol. They fired the producer they were given, and made the album.
"Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!" was released in 1985. Many people who listened to metal liked the album. Bigger record labels noticed Megadeth because the album sold a lot of copies. Vic Rattlehead, the band's mascot, was on the front cover of the album. This was the first time he was shown. Music writer Joel McIver, who liked "Killing is My Business", said the album put pressure on other bands. It "raised the bar for the whole thrash metal scene".
In the middle of 1985, Megadeth went on their first North American tour. It was named the "Killing for a Living Tour". Guitarist Mike Albert replaced Chris Poland for the tour because Poland was using drugs. Albert was going to keep playing guitar with Megadeth, but Poland came back to the band in October 1985.
1986–1987: "Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?".
Megadeth wanted to make another good album. Mustaine started writing music for a new one. Other members of the band gave him ideas for songs.
The album was made with $25,000 given to the band by Combat Records. Megadeth wanted more money, so they left Combat and joined Capitol Records. Capitol bought the rights to sell the album and hired producer Paul Lani to make the band's recordings sound better. "Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?" was released in late 1986. It had better lyrics and recording quality than "Killing is my Business". The album had lyrics about social issues. People liked the album's music and lyrics. Megadeth became more popular.
In March 1987, Megadeth started its first world tour in the United Kingdom. The tour had other bands, such as Overkill and Necros, and went to the United States. During the tour, Mustaine and Ellefson wanted to fire Samuelson because of his cocaine addiction. Drummer Chuck Behler played with Megadeth for the last few weeks of the tour. This was because band members thought Samuelson was not going to be able to play for the rest of it. Mustaine and Poland had arguments because Mustaine thought Poland was selling the band's supplies to buy heroin. Samuelson and Poland left Megadeth in 1987 for these reasons. Chuck Behler became the band's new drummer. Poland was replaced by guitarist Jeff Young.
1988–1989: "So Far, So Good... So What!".
Capitol Records gave Megadeth a large amount of money to make more music. The band started making an album named "So Far, So Good... So What!." It took almost half a year to record. There were many problems while making the album, such as Mustaine's drug addiction. Mustaine had arguments with the album's producer, Paul Lani. This was because Lani wanted Behler to record his drums and his cymbals at different times. Mustaine and Lani did not talk to each other when the album was being mixed. Michael Wagener replaced Lani. He mixed the album differently.
"So Far, So Good... So What!" was released in January 1988. Critics and people who listened to thrash metal liked the album. The album had a cover version of "Anarchy in the U.K." by the Sex Pistols. The cover had different lyrics than the original. Mustaine later said he heard the song's lyrics wrong when he was making it. After the album came out, Megadeth went on a world tour that lasted almost eight months. After, they had a North American tour with Warlock and Sanctuary and a European tour with other thrash metal bands.
In August 1988, Megadeth was at the Monsters of Rock festival in the United Kingdom. They played music for over 100,000 people there. For one show, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich played with the band. Megadeth went on the Monsters of Rock European concert tour. They stopped playing after the first concert because of Ellefson's drug addiction. Ellefson was treated for his issues, and Testament replaced Megadeth for the rest of the tour.
After the band played at Monsters of Rock, Mustaine fired Behler and Young. He also canceled the band's Australian tour. Mustaine later said he did it because he thought "a lot of us were inconsistent because of [drugs]". During Monsters of Rock, Mustaine saw Behler using drugs. He had drummer Nick Menza help Behler as a roadie (someone who helps a band with technical work). Menza replaced Behler in 1989. Young was fired because Mustaine thought he was having an affair with his girlfriend. Young said this was not true.
The band could not find someone to replace Young quickly. 1989 was the first year since Megadeth was made that the band did not play at a concert. The band made a cover version of Alice Cooper's "No More Mr. Nice Guy". It was put on the soundtrack for Wes Craven's movie "Shocker". In March 1989, Mustaine crashed into a police officer's car. He was arrested for driving under the influence and having illegal drugs. He got treatment for his drug addiction. He was drug-free for the first time in ten years.
1990–1991: "Rust in Peace".
Megadeth tried to get someone to play the guitar for the band. Slash from Guns N' Roses had been playing with Mustaine and Ellefson. They thought he was going to join Megadeth. However, he stayed with Guns N' Roses. The band asked Dimebag Darrell from Pantera to join the band. He did not. This was because Mustaine did not let Darrell's brother, Vinnie Paul, play drums for the band. The band asked guitarist Criss Oliva to join. Oliva did not want to leave Savatage, so he did not join.
Marty Friedman joined Megadeth. He was the new main guitarist for the band. Mustaine let Friedman join after listening to his music. Mustaine and Ellefson liked how Friedman played guitar. They thought he could play the type of music Megadeth wanted to make. The band started recording music in March 1990 to make "Rust in Peace". Mike Clink was the co-producer of the album. He was the first producer to make a full Megadeth album without being fired.
"Rust in Peace" was released in September 1990. It went to number 23 on the "Billboard" 200 music chart. It also went to number 8 in the United Kingdom. The songs on the album had longer guitar solos. Mustaine wrote the album's lyrics in a more complex way. The album made the band more important in rock and metal music. "Rust in Peace" had two singles: "Holy Wars... the Punishment Due" and "Hangar 18". These singles had music videos. They became songs that Megadeth played at every concert. "Rust in Peace" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1991. It did not win the award.
In early 1990, Megadeth went on the Clash of the Titans tour in Europe with Slayer, Testament, Suicidal Tendencies, and many other American thrash metal bands. An American tour happened in 1991, with Slayer, Anthrax, and Alice in Chains. Clash of the Titans was one of the most successful heavy metal concert tours. Megadeth played with Judas Priest during Priest's North American concert tour for "Painkiller" in late 1990. In July 1991, the band made the song "Go to Hell". It was put in the soundtrack for the movie "Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey".
1992–1993: "Countdown to Extinction".
Every member of the band helped write songs for their fifth studio album. They wrote at two different times: first, after the Clash of the Titans tour; second, in late 1991, after a one-month break. Megadeth started recording the album in January 1992, at Enterprise Studios in Burbank, California. Max Norman, who mixed the music on "Rust in Peace", produced the album. Megadeth took almost four months to make the band's best-selling album, "Countdown to Extinction".
The album came out in July 1992 at number 2 on the United States music charts. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1993 but did not win. Ellefson was disappointed that Megadeth did not win the Grammy. He said that "the amount of work it had taken to ramp up to that hopeful night was literally gone in a second".
A world tour for the album with Pantera and White Zombie started in late 1992. The tour came to North America in early 1993, where Stone Temple Pilots played as well. One month into the North American part of the tour, the rest of the concerts were cancelled because Mustaine was abusing drugs again. He went to the hospital. After seven weeks of getting help for his drug addiction, Mustaine came back to Megadeth. The band made the song "Angry Again". It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1994. The song was put on the soundtrack for the 1993 movie "Last Action Hero".
In the middle of 1993, Megadeth and Metallica played music at many concerts in Europe. In July, Megadeth started touring with Aerosmith, but they stopped after three shows. After their cancelled North American tour, Megadeth made "99 Ways to Die", a song that was on the album "The" "Beavis and Butt-Head Experience". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1995.
1994–1995: "Youthanasia".
In early 1994, Megadeth hired producer Max Norman to help make another album. Because three of the band's members lived in Arizona, Megadeth started working on the album at Phase Four Studios, a music studio in Phoenix. After the band worked on the album for a few days, they had problems with the studio's equipment. The band looked for another place to record. Mustaine wanted to record the album in Arizona, but the band could not find anywhere else in the state to do it. The band decided to build a studio in a warehouse, naming it "Fat Planet in Hangar 18". They started recording "Youthanasia" in this studio. The songs on "Youthanasia" had a slower tempo than Megadeth's other songs. The band focused on making music that more people liked, and could easily be played on the radio.
"Youthanasia" was released after eight months of work. It was released in November 1994. It came out at number four in the United States and made the top music charts in many European countries. To get more people to listen to the album, Megadeth did a concert in New York City on Halloween. It was named "Night of the Living Megadeth". It was shown on MTV. In November, the band played on the "Late Show with David Letterman" two times.
Megadeth started an eleven-month concert tour in South America in late 1994. In 1995, the band played in Europe and North America with many bands, such as Korn, Fear Factory and Corrosion of Conformity. The concert tour ended with the band playing at the Monsters of Rock festival in Brazil with Alice Cooper and Ozzy Osbourne. In July, Megadeth put out "Hidden Treasures", an extended play with songs they made that were on movie soundtracks and non-Megadeth albums.
1996–1999: "Cryptic Writings" and "Risk".
After finishing "Youthanasia"'s long world tour, Megadeth took a break for most of 1996. It was the second time they did not play at any concerts for an entire year. During the break, Mustaine started playing with MD.45, a different band he made with singer Lee Ving. The two hired Jimmy DeGrasso, a drummer who played with Alice Cooper during the 1995 Monsters of Rock festival. Marty Friedman built a recording studio in his house in Phoenix, Arizona. He released an album in April 1996.
In September 1996, Megadeth went to London to make songs for a new album. The songwriting work was closely watched by Bud Prager, Megadeth's new manager. Prager gave the band many ideas for songs and lyrics. Many song titles and lyrics were changed because of him. They recorded the album in Nashville with producer Dann Huff. Huff had met Mustaine in 1990.
"Cryptic Writings" was released in June 1997. Its main single, "Trust", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1998. All four singles from the album went into the top 20 on "Billboard"'s Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. "Cryptic Writings" had mixed (good and bad) reviews from critics. The album had songs that were very different from each other. The "Los Angeles Times" wrote that the album was a "balance" between metal and experimental music. Mustaine said that the album had three parts. The first was angrier, faster metal, the next one was radio-friendly rock "like "Youthanasia"", and the last one was happier.
Megadeth went back to playing live in June 1997. They started a world tour with the Misfits. They also played in North America with Life of Agony and Coal Chamber. In 1998, the band played at Ozzfest. Menza found a tumor on his knee in the middle of the tour. He left to get surgery for it. Jimmy DeGrasso replaced him for the rest of the tour. DeGrasso joined the band after the tour. The band made Menza leave. Mustaine later said he thought Menza was lying about having cancer.
Megadeth worked with Dann Huff again for their eighth album. The band started writing songs for it in January 1999. Prager helped write five of the album's twelve songs. Prager got Mustaine to give Huff more control over how the album was recorded.
"Risk" was released in August 1999. It did not sell very well. Many fans thought it was a failure. While the albums Megadeth put out before it had rock and metal music, "Risk" did not have any thrash metal on it. Many people did not like this.
On July 14, 1999, Gar Samuelson died of liver failure in Orange City, Florida. Samuelson used to be the drummer of the band. He was 41 years old. When Megadeth was at Woodstock eleven days later, they played "Peace Sells" for Samuelson. The band started a world tour in September. They played with Iron Maiden in Europe. Three months into the tour, guitarist Marty Friedman left the band. Mustaine said that it was because he told Friedman that Megadeth should play more heavy metal music.
2000–2003: "The World Needs a Hero," the band breaks up.
In 2000, Al Pitrelli from Savatage replaced Friedman. Megadeth started working on their ninth album in April. After a month, the band played on a concert tour with Anthrax and Mötley Crüe. Megadeth stopped working on the album to go on tour.
Megadeth left Capitol Records in July 2000. They were a member of the record label for 15 years. Mustaine said the band left because they were having problems with Capitol's managers. Capitol released a compilation album named "." In November, Megadeth joined Sanctuary Records. The band went back to working on its new album, "The World Needs a Hero". Mustaine fired Bud Prager. He produced the album by himself. He did this because he knew people did not like "Risk", which was an album Prager worked on.
"The World Needs a Hero" was released in May 2001. It was banned in Malaysia because the country's government did not like the album's artwork. Because of this, the band cancelled a concert they were going to play in Kuala Lumpur. The album had more metal music. It was heavier than "Cryptic Writings" and "Risk".
In January 2002, Mustaine went to the hospital because he needed to get a kidney stone removed. After the surgery, he was given medicine to stop his pain, which made him addicted to drugs again. After leaving the hospital, Mustaine went to a treatment place in Texas to fix his drug addiction. He fell asleep with his left arm on the back of a chair. This hurt a nerve in his arm very badly. He could not control his left hand very well.
In April, Megadeth broke up because Mustaine could not play the guitar with his injury. For the next four months, he did physical therapy to heal his arm. To stay with Sanctuary Records, Megadeth released a compilation album named "Still, Alive... and Well?." The first half of the album has songs recorded from one of the band's concerts. The second half is songs from "The World Needs a Hero".
After a year of rest and therapy, Mustaine started making an album by himself. Later, he stopped working on it so he could remaster the eight albums Megadeth made with Capitol Records.
2004–2005: Band gets back together, "The System Has Failed".
In May 2004, Mustaine started working on his solo album again. EMI, the band's European record label, said that the album had to be released by Megadeth. Mustaine wanted to get the band back together to release the album. He talked to Nick Menza, Marty Friedman, and David Ellefson about it. Nick Menza wanted to join Megadeth again, but Friedman and Ellefson did not. Menza did not stay with the band for a long time. Mustaine said Menza was not ready for a tour, and "it just didn't work out". "The System Has Failed" was going to be the band's first album without Ellefson. Chris Poland, who played guitar on Megadeth's first two albums, was hired to make guitar solos. This was the first time Poland and Mustaine worked together since the 1980s. Poland did not join the band because he wanted to work on his jazz project named OHM.
"The System Has Failed" came out in September 2004. Critics liked it. They thought it sounded similar to the original Megadeth albums. Mustaine said that it was going to be the band's last album. He also said Megadeth was starting their last concert tour. Mustaine said that after the tour, he wanted to work on his own music.
Megadeth started their tour in October. They hired bassist James MacDonough and guitarist Glen Drover. Menza was replaced by Shawn Drover, who stayed with the band. The band toured the United States and Europe with other metal bands. The tour went very well. It made a lot of money. When the band was playing at a festival in Argentina, Mustaine said that the band was going to keep making music.
2006–2008: "United Abominations".
In February 2006, James MacDonough left the band because of "personal differences". Bassist James LoMenzo replaced him. In March, Capitol Records made a DVD named "Arsenal of Megadeth." It had many of the band's music videos, interviews, and live concerts on it. The band went on tour in 2006. They went to North America and Australia with many other metal bands.
In May 2006, Megadeth said that their eleventh album, "United Abominations", was almost done. It was supposed to be put out in October, but its release was delayed until May 2007. Mustaine said that the band was "putting the finishing touches on it". "United Abominations" was Megadeth's first album with James LoMenzo, Glen Drover, and Shawn Drover.
"United Abominations" came out at number eight on the "Billboard" 200. It sold 54,000 copies in the first week. In March, Megadeth joined Heaven & Hell on a North American tour. They also played in Europe in the summer and went on another tour in the United States.
In January 2008, Glen Drover left Megadeth. He was tired of going on tours. He wanted to be with his family more. He also had problems with the other members of the band. Guitarist Chris Broderick replaced Drover. Mustaine said Broderick was "the best guitarist Megadeth has ever had".
2009–2010: "Endgame".
In May 2009, Megadeth made their twelfth album, "Endgame". Megadeth started a tour for the album in October. The tour ended in December. In January 2010, the band was supposed to go on tour with Slayer and Testament, but the tour was cancelled. This was because Slayer bassist Tom Araya needed back surgery. A single from "Endgame", "Head Crusher", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2010.
In March, Megadeth started a tour for "Rust in Peace". This was because the album was 20 years old. During the tour, the band played the whole album live at every concert. James LoMenzo left the band before the tour. David Ellefson, the band's original bassist, replaced him.
In September, the band made the song "Sudden Death". It was on the video game "Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock". It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.
2011–2014: "Thirteen" and "Super Collider".
Megadeth went to the studio they built in Arizona to make their next album. It was produced by John Karkazis. This was because the person who had produced "United Abominations" and "Endgame" was busy. The album was named "Thirteen." They put a few songs they had already made onto the album, such as "Sudden Death" and "Never Dead". The album came out in November 2011. It went to number eleven on the "Billboard" 200. One of its singles, "Public Enemy No. 1", was nominated for a Grammy Award. It did not win.
In September 2012, Megadeth said they were going to put out a remastered version of "Countdown to Extinction" because the album was 20 years old. The band started a tour for "Countdown." They played the entire album at every concert. Another song from "Thirteen", "Whose Life (Is It Anyways?)", was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2013.
In August, Megadeth started working on their fourteenth album. Megadeth left Roadrunner Records at the start of 2013. They joined Mustaine's new record label named Tradecraft. In June, Megadeth released "Super Collider". Many critics did not like this album. Shortly after "Super Collider" came out, Mustaine said he was already thinking about making another Megadeth album.
In November 2014, Drover left the band because he wanted to play his own music. Broderick left the band for the same reason. Ellefson said that Megadeth would not break up again. He said that he and Mustaine would still make new music.
2015–2018: "Dystopia".
Mustaine tried to get the band members that made "Rust in Peace" to join Megadeth again, but he failed. Instead, he hired drummer Chris Adler (who was a part of Lamb of God) and guitarist Kiko Loureiro. The band started working on a new album. The album was named "Dystopia." It was released in January 2016. The band went on tour for the album in February and March. They played with bands such as Suicidal Tendencies and Children of Bodom. Adler was taken out of the band because he was having trouble being in both Megadeth and Lamb of God. He was replaced by Dirk Verbeuren from Soilwork. Another American tour happened from September to October. Nick Menza, who used to play the drums for the band, died of a heart attack on May 21, 2016.
The song "Dystopia" won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2017. This was the band's first time winning a Grammy. Before this, they were nominated for Grammys twelve times. Mustaine, Ellefson, Loureiro, and Verbeuren went to the awards show.
In 2018, Megadeth made a remaster of their first album, "Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!". They made it because the band was 35 years old. The remaster was named "Killing is My Business... and Business is Good!- The Final Kill".
2019–present: "The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!".
In May 2019, Megadeth went to Tennessee to start working on their next album. They hired Chris Rakestraw to help produce it. Rakestraw was also the producer for "Dystopia". On June 17, the band stated that the concerts they planned to play at would be cancelled. This was because a doctor told Mustaine he had throat cancer. Even with Mustaine's condition, the band said they would keep making the new album.
Megadeth was supposed to go on tour in the summer of 2020 with Trivium and In Flames. The tour was moved to a later date because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The tour happened in the summer of 2021. Hatebreed replaced In Flames for it. In mid-2020, Megadeth went back to making their album. They wanted to release it in 2021.
While talking to fans on Zoom, Mustaine said that the band's sixteenth album was going to be named "The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!." He said that the name of it could change later. In May 2021, sexual videos of Ellefson were put on the internet. He was fired from the band later that month. Mustaine said that Ellefson could never join the band again.
In June, Mustaine said that the bass guitar recordings Ellefson made would not be on the new album. A different bassist was going to make new recordings. Mustaine did not say who this bassist was. When the band went on tour before the album came out, James LoMenzo played with them. LoMenzo was a bass guitar player for the band. Mustaine later said that Steve Di Giorgio, the bassist for Testament, played the bass on "The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!". On May 31, 2022, Megadeth said that LoMenzo was rejoining the band.
In September 2022, Megadeth released "The Sick, the Dying... and the Dead!". Before it came out, the band put out three singles during the summer. They were named "We'll Be Back", "Night Stalkers", and "Soldier On!". "We'll Be Back" was nominated for a Grammy Award.
Legacy.
Megadeth is one of the few American thrash metal bands from the 1980s to have commercial successful. Megadeth is thought of as one of the "Big Four" of thrash metal, along with Metallica, Anthrax, and Slayer. These bands were important because they made thrash metal much more popular. "Loudwire" ranked Megadeth the third-best thrash metal band of all time, behind Slayer and Metallica. "Billboard" said that "Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?" is a "landmark of the thrash movement". They thought that what the album was about is still important now.
Many people think Megadeth is one of the most influential bands from the 1980s. The band's music inspired other bands to make more types of metal, such as death metal and extreme metal. Megadeth sold 9.1 million albums in the United States between 1991 and 2014.
Band members.
Current members
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Bonnaroo Music Festival
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The Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival is an annual four-day music festival held in Manchester, Tennessee. It is held by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment. It was first put together in 2002. The show's main features are the multiple stages. The two main stages—the "What" stage and the "Which" stage—provide most of the performances.
The music that is heard comes in a wide variety, including world music, hip hop, jazz, americana, bluegrass, country music, folk, gospel, reggae, electronica, and other alternative music.
There was no festival in 2020 because of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Pol'and'Rock Festival
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Pol'and'Rock Festival (formerly "Przystanek Woodstock") is a weekend-long music festival in Poland that has been held once a year since 1995. The festival is named for and was inspired by the Woodstock Festival (Przystanek Woodstock is Polish for "Woodstock Station"). Its motto is "Love, Friendship and Music." It is organized by a foundation called the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity. Drugs are prohibited, but not everyone follows this rule.
The festival has been held in the town of Kostrzyn nad Odrą since 2004.
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Empire of Japan
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The (Japanese : 大日本帝國) also known as Imperial Japan was a historical Nation State and great power during the period from the Meiji Restoration to the Japanese defeat in World War II. It ruled the Home Islands of Japan and many other areas. The Emperors during this time, were Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), from 1868-1912 and Emperor Taishō (Yoshihito) from 1912-1926 and Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) from 1926-1989. It is considered to go from the year 1868 to 1945. Hirohito was still emperor of Japan after the empire dissolved in 1947. Hirohito was emperor of Japan until his death in 1989.
In those years, Japan changed greatly. It became one of the great powers of the world. Japan built a powerful Imperial Japanese Armed Forces (IJA and IJN), and changed from an agricultural to an industrial society. The Japanese began to invade and occupy other near countries like Korea, Taiwan, Manchukuo and part of China to get natural resources.
The Empire of Japan surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, after a long war against the Allied nations of World War II ending with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Allies occupied the country and made many changes, including a new constitution. Allied occupation and reconstruction of the country continued well into the 1950s.
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Imperial Japan
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Headband
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A headband (also known as a headwrap) is an accessory. It is made to fit over or around the head, usually to hold hair away from the face or sweat out of the eyes.
It may be made of many different materials, like plastic or elastic fabric. They come in many shapes and sizes and are used for both practical and fashion reasons.
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Cornflower
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The cornflower ("Centaurea cyanus") is also called bachelor's button, or basket flower. It is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated in Europe, but has been taken to many other places like Australia. It bears flowers once a year.
It is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have been selected with varying pastel colours, including pink and purple. The flower gives its name to the characteristic blue colour.
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Axel jump
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An Axel jump is a jump in figure skating. It is the most famous and recognizable skating jump. It starts with the skater going forward. It is the only jump that does and that helps people know that the jump is an Axel jump. Because all skating jumps are landed going backwards, the Axel jump has an extra half rotation (full circle) in the air than all other skating jumps.
History.
The jump was named after Axel Paulsen of Norway, who invented the jump.
Performances.
The first skater to do a double Axel in competition was Dick Button, and Carol Heiss Jenkins was the first woman to do it. The first skater to do a triple Axel in competition was Vern Taylor. The first woman to do it was Midori Ito.
The first pairs skater to do a "throw triple Axel" (he helps her with the jump) were Rena Inoue & John Baldwin. It is not known who did the first "throw double Axel".
Methods.
The Axel can be a single Axel (1 and a half rotations in the air), a double Axel (two and a half rotations in the air), or a triple Axel (three and a half rotations in the air). Most junior men and senior skaters can do a double Axel.
Many senior-level male skaters do a triple Axel. As of January 2025, only one person, Ilia Malinin, has landed a quadruple axel (four and a half rotations in the air) in competition
As of January 2025, 25 female figure skaters have completed a ratified triple axel (with positive GOE for those performed under the new judging system). This jump was first performed in the 1988 by Midori Ito (the first one to do it) followed by Tonya Harding in 1991. Over 10 years later, Yukari Nakano and Ludmila Nelidina performed the jump, followed by Mao Asada (the first one to land three triple Axels in one competition), Elizaveta Tuktamysheva, Rika Kihira, and Mirai Nagasu Since then, Alysa Liu, Alena Kostornaia, Young You, Kamila Valieva, Hana Yoshida, Rinka Watanabe, Anastasiia Shabotova, Varvara Kisel, Mana Kawabe, Sofia Akateva, Amber Glenn, Mao Shimada, Inga Gurgenidze, Ami Nakai, Yuseyong Kim, Yujae Kim, and Sophie Joline Von Felton have landed the jump successfully in international competition
Values.
According to the International Judging System, the base value of a triple Axel jump is 8.0, and that of a double Axel is 3.3.
Confusion.
Because the Axel is the most famous skating jump, many people make a mistake and call all skating jumps as "Axel jumps". This has led to many mistakes in sports reporting of figure skating, for example a report in 2006 saying that Miki Ando was the first female skater to land a quad Salchow in an international competition, which is a different jump.
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Kimmie Meissner
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Kimmie Meissner (born 4 October 1989) is a figure skater from the United States. She won the World Championships in 2006 and the United States national championships in 2007. She is the second American woman and the sixth woman worldwide to do a triple Axel jump.
Life.
Career.
Early career.
Meissner was a very good skater as a child. In 2003, she won the Novice title at the United States nationals. In 2004, she won the Junior title. In 2005, she won the bronze medal at the Senior level. While this would normally have given her a spot to the World Championships, Meissner was too young to go.
Olympics.
In 2006, she went to the 2006 Olympics, where she placed 6th. At the Olympics, she was called the future of American skating. The future came quickly. The next month, she won the World Championships, placing ahead of the Olympic silver medalist Sasha Cohen.
Four Continents Figure Skating.
In 2007, Meissner won the United States championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.
Popularity.
Meissner is a very popular skater, especially in Baltimore, where she is from. She has done shows in Baltimore and is a local celebrity. Meissner has many endorsements, which means she gets money from telling people she uses products. She is also involved with the "Cool Kids", which is an organization to help kids with cancer.
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Triple Axel
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Triple axel
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Double axel
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Double Axel
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Flying ace
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A flying ace or fighter ace is a military pilot who has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in air combat. Use of the term "ace" in military aviation began in World War I (1914–18). French newspapers called Adolphe Pegoud, as "l'as" (French for "ace") after he became the first pilot to shoot down five German aircraft. Many other pilots later became aces, and some are very famous today, like the "Red Baron", Manfred von Richthofen who had 80 kills.
Erich Hartmann was the ace with the most kills; he had 352.
Some countries have recognized armor commanders as "tank aces" for destroying five enemies.
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Medal
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A medal is a small metal object that is given as an award for doing something important or to commemorate something. There are medals for sports, military, academics, etc. Some medals have religious meaning. The Miraculous Medal has been distributed worldwide, for example. The Nobel Prize is a gold medal given to a few people every year.
Military decorations, service awards, and medals are often confused with one another. "Decoration" is the term for awards which require acts of heroism or achievement (such as the British Victoria Cross or American Silver Star). A service award or campaign medal is awarded for serving in a place and time (such as the Iraq Campaign Medal). In either case, an award or decoration may be presented as a medal.
Olympics.
In the Olympic Games and many other sports competitions, medals are give to the top three people who took part in the competition. The winner of the competition is given the gold medal. The silver medal is given to the person who came second. The third placed person is given the bronze medal.
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Yours truly
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Yours truly could mean:
In music, yours truly could mean:
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Motoori Norinaga
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Motoori Norinaga (; 21 June 1730 – 5 November 1801) was a Japanese scholar and poet during the Edo period. Norinaga's most important works include the "Kojiki-den" ("Commentaries on the Kojiki"), created over 35 years, and his comments on the "Tale of Genji".
Motoori was born in what is now Matsusaka in Ise Province (now part of Mie Prefecture). At the age of 22, Motoori went to Kyoto to study medicine. Although best known as a Kokugaku scholar, Norinaga worked as a doctor for 40 years in Matsusaka.
He was the first to use the term Mono no aware, which is now an important concept in Japanese culture.
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Valediction
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A valediction is a phrase used to say goodbye at the end of a letter. It also refers to the act of saying goodbye to someone. It comes from the Latin "vale dicere", which means "to say farewell". Valedictions are normally written before the signature in a written message. The words used usually express respect or regard for the person to whom the message is written.
English valedictions often contain the possessive pronoun "yours"; for example, "Yours truly". In the United Kingdom, "Yours sincerely" or "Yours faithfully" are most common.
Versions.
Old versions.
In old letters, "Yours truly" was often replaced with a longer sentence, for example:
Modern versions.
"Yours sincerely" is used when the person sending the letter knows the name of the person receiving the letter.
"Yours faithfully" is used when the person who is receiving the letter is not known by name (i.e. the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as "Dear Sir/Madam").
Drama and poetry.
Valedictions may be a prophecy, a warning or just a comment. In some types of literature, everyone is allowed a last word. In Njall's Saga, men tend to say things like "Oh, you have chopped off my arm", before dying.
Stock characters tend to say predictable things. But in Shakespeare they are the way he moves the action along. Macbeth meets the three witches, who foretell his downfall without him realising it. They hail him as "Thane of Glamis and Cawdor", and that "he shall be King". He will not be defeated "until Birnam wood move to high Dunsinane".
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Saburo Sakai
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Saburo Sakai (, "Sakai Saburō", August 25, 1916 – September 22, 2000) was a Japanese naval pilot and fighter ace ("Gekitsui-O") of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. He was the 4th best Japanese pilot by number of enemy aircraft he shot down. He survived the war, and became a famous figure for his criticism of the War and the government of the Japanese Empire. He became a pacifist and a Buddhist and promised that he would never again kill another living thing, even a mosquito. Only months before his death, Sakai told reporters that he still prayed for the souls of the Chinese, American, Australian and Dutch pilots he had killed. He also helped Microsoft design the popular computer game "Combat Flight Simulator 2".
Sakai claims he shot down 64 enemy airplanes. He shot down a B-32 Dominator on the last day of the war.
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Fighter ace
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Southern Cross Station
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Southern Cross Station is a railway station in Melbourne, Australia. It is one of five stations in the mostly underground City Loop and the main hub for V/Line's services outside Melbourne, via Bus and Train. The station was called Spencer Street Station until December 13, 2005
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Flagstaff railway station
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Flagstaff is a railway station in Melbourne, Australia
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Melbourne Central railway station
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Melbourne Central is a train station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is one of three underground stations on the Melbourne Underground Rail Loop (City Loop). The station is underneath Melbourne Central Shopping Center. Melbourne Central has four platforms and four tracks. It was known as Museum Station when the Melbourne Museum was at the State Library of Victoria, across the street. Melbourne Central opened on January 24, 1981.
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Parliament railway station
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Parliament is an underground railway station in Melbourne, Australia. It is part of the suburban train network. It is one of the five stations on the City Loop. The city loop goes around the central business district.
Parliament has 4 platforms on two levels, like the other to underground stations on the city loop. Each level is for the trains leaving. The different levels are for trains going to the north and west suburbs or to the south and east suburbs. The station opened on January 22 1983.
Many people who work for the government use the station because it is underneath the Parliament House of Victoria. It is also at the intersection of Bourke Street and Spring Street. The tram routes 86, 95 and 96 on Bourke Street, tram routes 11, 12, 31, 42, 109, and 112 on Collins Street and the free City Circle tram stop near the station.
The lower platforms are 38 meters low. That means that they are the lowest in the city loop. Its escalators were the longest in the southern hemisphere, when the station opened.
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Flinders Street Station, Melbourne
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Southern Cross railway station, Melbourne
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Asphyxia
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Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition when a living body does not get enough oxygen. If this condition lasts long enough it can lead to unconsciousness, brain damage and death.
Asphyxia can injure or kill people. This sometimes happens during suicide, torture, and in warfare. It can also be used as a capital punishment. It is also sometimes used (non fatally in martial arts, and combat sports)Because the need to breathe is controlled by the amount of carbon dioxide in the lungs with blood, some victims may not experience an urgent need to breathe and may remain unaware of the shortage of oxygen in their body.
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Toy Story 2
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Toy Story 2 is a 1999 American computer-generated animation movie and a sequel to the 1995 movie "Toy Story". It was released on November 24, 1999. Toy Story 2 was re-issued to theaters on October 2, 2009 (double bill with "Toy Story"). It is the third Disney/Pixar full-length movie and was released to movie theaters by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution. It is about toys that come alive when people are not around. Woody is kidnapped by a toy collector so Buzz Lightyear and his friends go on a mission to save him. Toy Story 2 was Pixar's first sequel and Pixar's only sequel released before Disney's acquisition of the studio. A sequel to this movie, Toy Story 3, was released in 2010.
Plot.
The plot begins with a Buzz Lightyear video game played by Rex, where Zurg ends up defeating Buzz Lightyear with a single shot, leaving Rex frustrated at being defeated by Zurg. Meanwhile, Woody was preparing to go to summer camp with Andy (who is now 10 years old) for the weekend, but ends up missing his hat which was held by Buster, Andy's dachshund, and the hat is retrieved by Slinky. Afterwards, Andy plays with his toys before leaving, but accidentally breaks Woody's right arm, so his mother decides to leave him on a shelf despite her offering to fix it. At the bookshelf, Woody discovers that Andy's mother is having a yard sale in her yard and takes several old items from Andy's bedroom, including an old rubber penguin named Wheezy. With Buster's help, Woody sneaks out to the yard and saves Wheezy, but falls in the yard and is found by a toy collector, who ends up stealing Woody when Andy's mother refuses to sell him. The thief is recognized by Buzz and the other toys as Al McWhiggin, who is the owner of Al's Toy Warehouse and whom Andy's toys recognize as the "Chicken Man" from his TV commercials. To carry out the search mission, Buzz recruits Mr. Potato Head, Slinky, Rex, and Hamm to get out of the house and rescue Woody before Andy returns home.
At Al's apartment, Woody discovers that he is a priceless collector's item from "Woody's Roundup", a popular 1950s children's show, and meets other toys from the franchise: Jessie the cowgirl, Bullseye, his trusty horse, and Stinky Pete the Prospector, who is still sealed in his box. With the addition of Woody, Al plans to sell the entire "Woody's Roundup" collection to a toy museum in Tokyo, Japan, for a large sum of money. However, that same night, Woody's arm breaks when Al takes it out of its case to take some photos, so Al desperately hires the services of an elderly toy repairman to repair Woody's torn arm and touch it up. The other three toys are excited about the trip, but Woody, still Andy's toy and eager to return home, waits only for the toy repairman to fix his arm so he can return to Andy. This causes a disagreement between him and Jessie, who fears being returned and put in a box where she has been for years, since the toy museum would not accept the entire collection without Woody. That night Woody tries to escape with his arm but the television turns on and is then caught by Al, and Woody believes that Jessie turned it on to prevent him from leaving them. The next day, the repairman arrives and repairs his arm, leaving it as good as new. Woody then prepares to return to Andy, but the Prospector convinces him to talk to Jessie before he can leave. Jessie reveals that she had also been a very beloved toy by her owner, a girl named Emily, from whom she was inseparable, until she ended up forgetting her and giving her away when she was a teenager. Shortly after, when Woody was finally getting ready to leave, the Prospector tries to reflect with him for the second time, telling him that Andy is growing up and he couldn't do anything to stop it, also that he must choose between returning and being forgotten or accompanying them and being something forever, being loved and remembered by many generations. Realizing all of this, Woody thinks better of it and decides to stay with the trio.
While all this is going on, Buzz and the rest of the group arrive at the toy store that is right in front of Al's house. And just when he separates from the rest of the toys, Buzz runs into a new Buzz Lightyear (who was actually the Buzz from Al's store), and who believes that he is really a space ranger, just as Buzz had believed before. Because the Buzz from the store believes that Andy's Buzz has broken a rule and must be punished, both of them fight and Andy's Buzz ends up being locked in a box, while the other toys end up being confused with the Buzz from the store, as if it were Andy's Buzz (which is why he had a belt on) and although Rex tries to tell him that he has a solution to beat Zurg, without the new Buzz knowing that he was alluding to the video game, which is why he ends up following them. Andy's toys and the new Buzz arrive at the office of the premises, where Al is making a telephone communication with the owner of the Tokyo museum and confirms the payment for the complete collection. And taking advantage of the occasion, the toys enter Al's briefcase, while he excitedly leaves the room.
The real Buzz manages to escape from the box and chases after them, however, as he leaves the warehouse he accidentally frees an "Evil Emperor Zurg" action figure from its box. The toys enter the vents and reach the elevator of the apartment building and Andy's Buzz catches up with the others, proving to be Andy's real toy as well. They try to return home with Woody, but the latter refuses. Buzz then reminds Woody that a toy is meant to be played with by a child, not watched through glass. Woody initially doesn't accept being abandoned by the other toys, but upon watching a child play with the puppet from the Woody's Roundup show, he comes to his senses and convinces Jessie and Bullseye to become Andy's toys, but Stinky Pete, believing the trip to the museum to be his only chance to be remembered since he was never sold, breaks out of his packaging and secures the grate, trapping Woody, Jessie, and Bullseye helplessly, Woody figuring that it was Prospector who had prevented Woody from escaping by turning on the television the night before. Al then arrives and packs Woody up with the rest of the toys and heads to customs. As Buzz and company try to catch up, they encounter Emperor Zurg and he begins to battle the New Buzz, but Zurg ends up being accidentally defeated by Rex, falling to the bottom of the elevator and Rex emerging victorious by defeating Zurg.
Buzz and the others (except the new Buzz who stays with Zurg) board an abandoned Pizza Planet delivery van and chase Al to the airport (in the course of the chase, Mr. Potato Head ends up rescuing three tiny Aliens from Pizza Planet Aliens, who were accessories on the van) where they watch as Al deposits the suitcase (with Woody, Jessie, Bullseye, and Stinky Pete) in the cargo area. Moments later, inside the loading and unloading area, they are attacked by the Prospector, who fights with Woody, breaking his arm again, although fortunately he ends up being defeated by Andy's toys and Woody decides to teach him about the life of a toy by putting him in a little girl's suitcase. Meanwhile, Jessie ends up being boarded on a cargo truck bound for Tokyo, Japan; However, Woody manages to sneak into the truck's van "by hiding in a briefcase" and rescue her, however, they almost get trapped inside the trailer when they were about to leave, and the vehicle drives off. Woody asks Jessie to trust him to get out of the place, through an emergency exit hatch that was on one of the sides of the car. Suddenly, Buzz and Bullseye manage to catch up with them and also catch the hat that Woody had dropped (who almost falls to the asphalt, and is tied to the rear bumper and Jessie's arm). Jessie, very scared, tells Woody that his idea was crazy, but Woody asks her to imagine that it is as if it were the final episode of "Woody's Roundup" and she agrees, Woody and Jessie jump out of the truck seconds before it enters the highway and end up presumably on the road or in the middle of nowhere. Although they manage to fall on Bullseye and Buzz.
The toys soon return to Andy's house, just before Andy returns from camp the next morning, and await his return. Andy first takes Jessie, Bullseye, and the three Pizza Planet Aliens as his five new recruits. The toys learn that Al's business has gone bankrupt due to a failed attempt to sell and deliver the merchandise to the Tokyo museum. While the new toys get used to having a new owner, Mrs. Potato Head adopts the three Pizza Planet Martians, who were rescued by Mr. Potato Head, as her children. A squeaky Wheezy (due to Mr. Shark finding a new squeaker) sings the Frank Sinatra -style song "You've Got a Friend in Me", while Woody tells Buzz not to worry about Andy growing up, because when he does, Woody will still have Buzz to keep him company "To infinity and beyond".
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Richmond railway station, Melbourne
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Richmond station is a railway station in Richmond, Australia. Richmond is an inner suburb of Melbourne.
The station is built on a bridge over Punt Road. It has ten platforms joined by three subways. All of Melbourne's eastern and south eastern railway lines meet here. These railway lines are:
The station is from Flinders Street Station which is Melbourne's central railway station. Richmond station is close to the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Punt Road Oval and Melbourne Park. It is very busy during sporting and other special events.
Tram route 70 goes past Richmond Station along Swan Street.
Punt Road is under the station with a major interchange with Swan Street and Brunton Avenue.
History.
Richmond station has been moved and rebuilt four times. The first station in Punt Road was at ground level and opened on 8 February, 1859. It closed the same year on 12 December, 1859. On the same day the new station opened in Swan Street.
In 1885, a new station just north of Swan Street was opened. The new station was raised up and was not at ground level. It had six platforms. For some time, both the old and new stations were used, before the ground level Swan Street station was closed.
By the 1940s the station had begun to fall apart. It was so bad that the council said it should be pulled down. A new station was not built for another 20 years. On 26 March, 1960 the new station was opened west of the old one. The bridges at each end of the station across Punt Road and Swan Street were also rebuilt to fit the ten tracks. The old station was pulled down.
Proposed redevelopment.
The condition of Richmond station was a problem again in 2005. Melbourne held the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Richmond station was the gateway to many of the main venues. The station had a bleak appearance. The raised station did not have much shelter and could be windy and cold. It has poor access with steep ramps, stairs, and no lifts. This led the Victorian Government to think about building a new station. They decided it would cost too much money.
Movie.
The opening scene of the movie "Romper Stomper" was filmed in Richmond station. In the movie it was called Footscray station.
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69505
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69505
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Bairnsdale railway line, Victoria
|
The Bairnsdale railway line is a regional railway in Victoria, Australia. It continues from the Pakenham metropolitan line. The part as far as Warragul used to be run with Melbourne electric trains, but only for a period during the 1990s. It has 24 stations.
List of stations.
Bold stations are terminuses, "italic" stations are staffed at least part-time (this has been confirmed).
Continues from the Pakenham metropolitan line.
Branch lines went from Warragul to Noojee, Moe to Walhalla (a 2' 6" line), Thorpdale and Yallourn after the line from Hearne's Oak to Yallourn was closed to allow for a grater expansion of a brown coal mine, Morwell to Mirboo North, Traralgon to Stratford Junction via Maffra, which also included a branch line to Briagolong, and a short branch line from Bairnsdale to Bairnsdale Wharf, all of which have been closed.
As well, several timber tramways existed from many of the stations between Pakenham and Yarragon.
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69506
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31155
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69506
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Pakenham railway station
|
Pakenham is a railway station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is in the suburb of Pakenham, on the Pakenham railway line. It is in Metcard Zone 2. It is the end of the Pakenham line, as well as a stop for regional trains going to Traralgon and Bairnsdale. The station contains 2 platforms.
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69510
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69510
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North Melbourne railway station
|
North Melbourne Railway Station is the gateway for all west and northwest bound train lines in Melbourne, Australia. North Melbourne Railway Station is mainly used as an interchange point. The station was converted to a premium station in 1996, and has a small kiosk and a staffed ticket office. The station is actually in West Melbourne, the station's main entrance, at its east, is at intersection of Ireland Street and Railway Place. The station also has a western exit however this leads only to the rail yards.
The number 216 and 219 buses stop nearby the station.
Redevelopment.
On May 15, 2006, it was announced that the station is to be redeveloped. As part of the project, a new main entrance was created at the southern end of the station with new escalators, stairs and lifts installed for quicker access to other platforms and to help disabled passengers.
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69515
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69515
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Shushi Massacres
|
The Shushi massacres were anti-Armenian pogroms during the Armenian-Azerbaijani war, 1920, when Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the inhabitants of Shusha (Shushi). The massacres took place on March 22-26, 1920, and resulted in more than
20,000 Armenian deaths and the destruction of the town of Shusha in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Background.
On June 4-5, 1919, an armed Armenian-Turkish fight took place in Shushi. It was organized and started by Azeri Governor-General Khosrov beg Sultanov. The town was closed off by a blockade, and the Armenian population found itself needing food.
Massacres in Shushi on March 22-26, 1920.
From the very start of 1920, Governor Sultanov, breaking the temporary treaty agreement of August 22, 1919, continued the blockade around Karabakh. He increased the number of armed forces in strategically important locations and gave weapons to the local Azeri population.
In the early morning of March 23, 1920, the Azeri army soldiers and Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian part of town and began a horrible massacre of the Armenian population, which finished in March 26, 1920.
Remembering.
The famous Russian poet Osip Mandelstam, who was in Shushi in 1931, wrote a poem called "The phaeton driver" dedicated to this tragedy:
In July 1, 1997, the Baroness Caroline Cox gave a speech in the House of Lords, United Kingdom remembering the lives of Armenians who have been killed and specifically mentioned the occurrence in Shushi in 1920.
Research analyst Kalli Raptis in her book "Nagorno-Karabakh and the Eurasian Transport Corridor" wrote: "'In July 1918, the First Armenian Assembly of Nagorno Karabakh declared the region self-governing and created a national Council and government. In August 1919, the Karabakh national Council entered into a provisional treaty arrangement with the Azerbaijani government in order to avoid military conflict with a superior adversary'. Azerbaijan's violation of the treaty culminated in March 1920 with the massacre of the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh's capital, Shushi (called Shusha by the Azerbaijanis)".
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69516
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69516
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Osip Mandelstam
|
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (also spelled Mandelshtam, ; January 15, 1891 – December 27, 1938) was a Russian poet and essayist.
Mandelstam was born in Warsaw, to a rich Jewish family. In 1900 Mandelstam entered the prestigious Tenishevsky school, which also counts Vladimir Nabokov and other significant figures of Russian (and Soviet) culture among its alumni. His first poems were printed in the school's almanac in 1907.
In April 1908 Mandelstam decided to enter the Sorbonne to study literature and philosophy, but he left the following year to attend the University of Heidelberg. In 1911, in order to continue education in the University of St. Petersburg, he converted to Methodism (which he did not practice) and entered the university the same year.
Mandelstam's poetry, acutely populist in spirit after the first Russian revolution, became closely associated with symbolist imagery, and in 1911 he and several other young Russian poets formed the "Poets' Guild" (Russian: Цех Поэтов, "Tsekh Poetov"), under the formal leadership of Nikolai Gumilyov and Sergei Gorodetsky.
In 1922 Mandelstam arrived in Moscow with his newlywed wife Nadezhda. At the same time his second book of poems, "Tristia", was published in Berlin. For several years after that, he almost completely abandoned poetry, concentrating on essays, literary criticism, memoirs ("The Din Of Time", Russian: Шум времени, "Shum vremeni"; Феодосия, "Feodosiya" – both 1925) and small-format prose ("The Egyptian Stamp", Russian: Египетская марка, "Yegipetskaya marka" – 1928). As a day job, he translated (19 books in 6 years), then worked as a correspondent for a newspaper.
Mandelstam died in 1938 in prison.
Mandelstam's non-conformist, anti-establishment tendencies always simmered not far from the surface, and in the autumn of 1933 they broke through in the form of the famous "Stalin Epigram".
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69520
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1070978
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69520
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Forestry Commission
|
The Forestry Commission is a UK Government agency that was set up in 1918.
The commission is responsible for many forests and woodlands in Great Britain. Its job is to protect and expand Britain's forests and woodlands and increase their value to society and the environment.
Some of its forests are pine trees which the commission manages and carefully cuts down trees for wood and paper making. The money from this helps the commission to maintain it other forests which are not farmed but which are used for recreation, by people wanting to visit the countryside, and also to fund some scientific research into the ways to grow trees and to keep them healthy.
The Forestry Commission looks after a lot of the forests in the list of Forests in the United Kingdom
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69523
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585618
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69523
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Fukushima Prefecture
|
is a prefecture of Japan. It is part of the Tōhoku region on the island of Honshu. The capital city of the prefecture is Fukushima.
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is in this prefecture. The power plant had a meltdown in March 2011. It forced many people in Fukushima to move away from their homes, especially in the Futaba District.
History.
Until the Meiji Restoration, Fukushima prefecture was known as Mutsu Province. In 1871, the territories of eleven clans were combined into three prefectures: Fukushima, Wakamatsu and Iwaki. On August 21 in 1876, they were united to form the current Fukushima Prefecture.
Geography.
Fukushima is the prefecture that is furthest south in the Tōhoku region. It is the part of Tōhoku closest to Tokyo. Tokyo is about 300 kilometres further south. Fukushima located between 37 and 38 degrees north latitude.
Fukushima is divided by mountain ranges into three regions: (from west to east) Aizu, Nakadōri, and Hamadōri. Hamadōri is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean and is the flattest and most temperate region. Nakadōri is the most important farming part of the prefecture. The capital city, Fukushima, is in this area. Aizu is a tourist destination and has many mountains, scenic lakes, forests, and snowy winters.
Cities.
There are thirteen cities in Fukushima Prefecture:
Towns and villages.
Towns and villages in each district:
National parks.
National parks cover about 13% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:
Economy.
The three main industries in Fukushima are manufacturing, commerce and farming.
Fukushima was the largest manufacturer in Tōhoku in 2008. The industry made about 5 and a half trillion yen (¥5,568,600,000,000). Manufacturers relied heavily on electrical power produced locally, much of it from nuclear power stations.
Trade, including retail businesses, was the second largest industry in 2008. It made 4.7 trillion yen (¥4,720,600,000,000).
In 2009, the prefecture produced ¥245,000,000,000 (245 billion yen) from farming products. About 40%, or ¥94,800,000,000 (94 billion yen), was from rice. Fukushima was the fifth largest rice producer in the country. It also produced large amounts of vegetables, meat, and fish. The two largest agricultural producers were the cities of Fukushima and Kōriyama. Those two areas accounted for more than 15% of agricultural production in the prefecture.
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69526
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5738
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69526
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8 February
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69528
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69528
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Arara, Paraíba
|
Arara is a Brazilian city in the state of Paraíba. Its population in 2007 was 12,920 inhabitants. Its area is 89 km².
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69534
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11132
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69534
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Neustadt an der Weinstraße
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69535
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69535
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Arara
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69536
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11132
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69536
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Weißenfels
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69538
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11132
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69538
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Glatzer Neiße
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69543
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1566408
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69543
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Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga
|
Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga y Balzola (born Bilbao 27 January 1806; died Paris 17 January 1826) was an early 19th-century Spanish composer. He was still only 19 years old when he died. Like Mozart, he was a child prodigy and he might have become one of the world’s most famous composers if he had lived.
His life.
Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga was born in Bilbao, in the Basque Country in Spain. His father and older brother first taught him music. He started to compose when he was 11 years old, and by the time he was 15 he had already written 20 works. Many of these are now lost. He may have thrown them away, thinking that they were not very good. In 1921, he went to Paris where he studied the violin with Pierre Baillot, and counterpoint and harmony with François-Joseph Fétis at the Paris Conservatoire. He was so good that by 1824 he had become a teaching assistant in Fétis's class.
Arriaga died in Paris at the age of nineteen, probably of a lung disease and exhaustion.
His music.
Arriaga has been called “The Spanish Mozart”. His music, however, does not sound particularly Spanish. It has a more general European character, based on the style of Mozart and Beethoven. He wrote a symphony which sounds at times like Schubert. He also wrote an opera "Los esclavos felices" ("The Happy Slaves"), and three string quartets. The string quartets were the only works that were published while he was still alive.
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69546
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69546
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Conservatoire de Paris
|
The Conservatoire de Paris (Paris Conservatoire) is a music conservatory where students can study dance, drama and music. It has now been split into two "Conservatoires". One is for Acting, Theatre and Drama and is called the "Conservatoire National Supérieur d'Art Dramatique" (CNSAD). It is in the old building in the centre of Paris. The other is called "Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris". It is farther from the centre of the city. This is where Music and Dance are taught.
The Paris Conservatoire has been famous for music since it was formed in 1795. Nearly all famous French composers and performing musicians studied there, and many young musicians came from abroad to study. It was, and still is, one of the best places to study music in the world.
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69548
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3650
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69548
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Paris Conservatoire
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69549
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3650
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69549
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Paris Conservatory
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69550
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9907
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69550
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Slayer (band)
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69551
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69551
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Prix de Rome
|
The Prix de Rome was a scholarship (money prize) for art students in Paris. It was created in 1663 in France when Louis XIV was reigning. Every year the prize was given to promising young painters, sculptors, and architects. They had to finish a very difficult piece of work to show that they deserved to win the prize. The person who won the prize would get money so that he could go to Rome for a year to study. Sometimes they were allowed to stay longer if they were doing exceptionally good work.
In 1803, music was added to the subjects, and in 1804 engraving was added. Sometimes people won “second prize” which allowed them to study for a shorter period.
Many artists who won the Prix de Rome are now almost forgotten. On the other hand, there are many artists who became very famous but did not win the Prix de Rome. These people include Augustin Pajou Eugène Delacroix, Edouard Manet, Edgar Degas and the composers Ernest Chausson and Maurice Ravel. Ravel tried five times to win it. There was a big argument about this at the Paris Conservatoire, and rules were reorganized after that.
The Prix de Rome continued to be awarded until 1968 when it was stopped.
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69555
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9620
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69555
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Weather forecasting
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69556
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69556
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Caulfield railway station
|
Caulfield is a railway station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is in the suburb Caulfield, on the Pakenham, Frankston and Cranbourne railway lines. At this station the Frankston line splits from the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines.
Caulfield is a Premium Station.
Location.
The station is between Sir John Monash Drive (formerly Railway Avenue) and Normanby Road. The tram route 3 and some bus routes stop here. The Caulfield campus of Monash University and Caulfield Racecourse are close to the station.
Facilities.
The station has four platforms. Two platforms make an island in the middle of the station. Platform 1 has a large red brick building. Platforms 2&3 ( the island platforms) contain a large red brick building with a waiting room and a ticket office. Platform 4 has a large red brick building. Outbound V/Line (country trains) services leave from this platform. A large Metcard ticket machine is inside the waiting room. This machine is able to sell most tickets. It also accept notes and coins. Small Metcard machines are at the entrances to platforms 1 and 4. A subway is located underneath the station. This allows people to get to the island platform. It has a Coca-Cola Red Engine take away food shop.
History.
Caulfield station was opened on Wednesday, 7th May 1879.
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69559
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31155
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69559
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Officer railway station
|
Officer railway station is an ummanned railway station in Officer, Victoria. It is located in Metcard Zone 2.
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69562
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1530097
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69562
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ß
|
The letter ß (also known as sharp S, German: "Eszett" or "scharfes S") is a letter in the German alphabet. It is the only German letter that is not part of the basic Latin alphabet. The letter is pronounced (like the "s" in "see") and is not used in any other language.
Origin.
Today's "ß" was created around the 1900s. (See w:en:ß and w:de:ß for details on the so-called "Sulzbacher Form".) It has two origins, one in Blackletter and one in Roman type (also called Antiqua).
The letter came from the long s ("ſ") and the normal "z". Written fast by hand, they over time joined together to form a single glyph.
Spelling.
The "ß" is used only in German and never at the start of German words. The uppercase "ß" ("ẞ") exists only for typesetting, such as in a dictionary. Instead of lowercase "ß", one can also write "ss". As no words start with double "s" or "ß", no uppercase "ß" is necessary.
However, not every "ss" can be written as "ß". German often puts two or more words together to make a longer word. If the new word has "ss", it cannot be written as "ß". For example, "Voßstraße" is two words joined together ("Voß" and "straße"). It can also be written as Vossstraße but not as "Vosßtraße" because "sstraße" (or "ßtraße") is not a word, and the "ß" is in the word "Voss" ("Voß").
The rules for German orthography have changed since 1996. Many common words that used to be written with "ß" are now written with "ss". For example, "Fluß" (river) is spelled "Fluss". When the preceding vowel is short, as in "Fluss", "ss" is used. However, the "ß" is used when the preceding vowel is long as in "Straße".like ss is replaced with ß like in: floß
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69563
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69563
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General Motors railway station
|
General Motors Railway Station was a railway station in Melbourne, Australia.
The station was opened on November 18, 1956 to service the General Motors factory near it. The station had two platforms and a footbridge into the factory. In 1991, the General Motors factory closed. Since the main purpose of the station was to support the factory, the station was no longer needed, but the station stayed open for eleven years after the factory had been destroyed. It was estimated to be the least used station in the entire city network. It had an average of eight passengers using it a day. The last trains stopped at the station on July 28 2002.
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69568
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103847
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69568
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Agronomy
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Agronomy is the study of soil in relation to how it affects plant growth. "Agronomists" work to make methods that will improve the use of soil and increase the amount of food and fiber crops.
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69572
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1474679
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69572
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Metlink
|
Metlink was the marketing name for all public transport operators' in Melbourne, Australia.
Introduction.
The "Metlink" brand was introduced in 2003.
Under the new branding, railway station signage and timetables were colour-coded blue, tram stop signs and timetables are green, and the bus network is orange. The regional train network is colour-coded purple. This line colouring continues today, even in the Public Transport Victoria era.
Future role.
Metlink has also been active in the use of 'value Metcards' (like credit cards but work only for trains) and is known for running a "funny" campaign called BATBYGOBSTOPL (Buying A Ticket Before You Get On Board Saves Time Or Problems Later). In July 2007, Metlink launched a new campaign, "I Highly Recommend You Get on the Bus", featuring musical comedian Frank Woodley, to improve bus services.
While they do not have control, representatives of the Bus Association of Victoria and V/Line have helped Metlink.
Viclink.
Victoria's regional bus and rail services will at some future date be brought under a similar brand to Metlink named Viclink. Signage upgrades at regional railway stations have started from October 2006 . The signage will be fully implemented when V/Line is re-privatized following the completion of the Fast Rail project.
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69573
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209999
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69573
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BATBYGOBSTOPL
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69585
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1391751
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69585
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Sanyo
|
Sanyo is a Japanese electronics company. They specialise in home appliances.
Overview.
Sanyo was founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue.
Panasonic acquired it in 2011.
As of 2018, the company's revenue was ¥84.678 billion.
Other websites.
Sanyo on Panasonic website
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69635
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9185008
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69635
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Celtic Frost
|
Celtic Frost was a thrash/black metal band from Zurich, Switzerland. The band was formed in 1984 and broke up in 1993. The reunited in 2001 and broke up again in 2008.
Discography.
Celtic Frost released 6 studio albums:
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69636
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64031
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69636
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Ness (EarthBound)
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69642
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11132
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69642
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KG
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69644
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69644
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Privy council
|
The Privy Council is a group of advisors to a Monarch.
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69651
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7699
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69651
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Woven
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69652
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7699
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69652
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Sweaters
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69655
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16695
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69655
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Cable knitting
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Patterns called cables are created using special cable knitting needles. The cables often look like braids. They are typically used on sweaters, particularly on Aran sweaters from Ireland.
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69656
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69656
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Maraghar Massacre
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The Maraghar Massacre happened on April 10, 1992, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
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69657
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1530097
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69657
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Circular knitting
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Circular knitting or knitting in the round is a form of knitting that creates a seamless tube. It is done with circular or double-pointed needles. Socks, mittens, and sweaters can be made with circular knitting.
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69658
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10386349
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69658
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Mittens
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69659
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48456
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69659
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Knitting machine
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Knitting machines are used to make knitted cloth for clothing or household items. They can make flat shapes or tubular shapes. The tubular shapes can be used for t-shirts.
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69660
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69660
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Kirovabad pogrom
|
The Kirovabad pogrom was an attack by Azeris against the targeted Armenian population living in the Azerbaijani town of Kirovabad in November 1988. It is estimated that at least 130 people were killed.
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69679
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1464674
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69679
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Tree of Knowledge
|
In the Book of Genesis, chapters two and three, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil was a tree in the middle of the Garden of Eden, along with the Tree of Life. God Told Adam (and Eve) to never eat from this Tree. When Eve and Adam, ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, they discovered that they were naked, and were banished from the garden and forced to survive through farming.
Different views of the tree itself.
In Judaism.
According to the Jewish tradition, God telling Adam and Eve not to eat from the Tree was to give them free choice and allow them to earn perfection instead of getting it with a simple deed. According to this tradition, Adam and Eve would have become perfect and immortal had they not eaten from the Tree. After failing, they were sentenced to a long time of hard work to get themselves back into God's trust.
In Christianity.
In Christianity, the Tree of Knowledge is connected to the beginning of sin. By eating the fruit of the Tree, Adam and Eve tried to become like God.
Trees in other religions.
In Buddhism, the Buddha became enlightened under a Bodhi tree. While the biblical tree is usually seen as representing pleasure, the Bodhi tree gave pure knowledge.
The symbol of the Tree.
Symbolically, the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge tries to divide human action into Right or Wrong, Good or Evil and Lawful or Unlawful with privileges and punishments for each case.
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69687
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10102973
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69687
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Royal Academy of Music
|
The Royal Academy of Music is a conservatory in London where young people can study music. It was founded in 1822. Many musicians who became famous studied music at the Royal Academy of Music.
The Royal Academy of Music was officially founded (started) in 1822 and was opened the next year. King George IV was the patron of the conservatory. At first it had 21 students.
In 1830 it received its Royal Charter, but for many years it had financial problems and it was not until 1868, when the British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone arranged for it to have a regular grant, that it began to do well. During the 19th century the academy was in Hanover Square, but in 1912 it moved to Marylebone Road near Regent's Park.
Since 1912 many changes and extensions have been made to the building. Many concerts are given in the Duke’s Hall and operas are performed in the Sir Jack Lyons Theatre. Many of the professors (teachers) at the academy come from other countries. The academy works together with King’s College, London where many of the students take a 4-year performance course. In 1997 they won some lottery money which helped them to get a new building for their collection of musical instruments. It has a large library which includes all the books and music which used to belong to the conductors Sir Henry Wood and Otto Klemperer.
Today the students come from over 50 countries. Students from abroad can attend a special “English for Musicians” course. There are over 600 students at the academy. The students have many opportunities to perform, both in the academy and in concerts in other places. Over 90% of the students find a career in music after they leave the academy.
The principal of the Royal Academy of Music is Jonathan Freeman-Attwood.
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69688
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Royal College of Music
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The Royal College of Music is a conservatory in London where young people can study music. Many musicians who became famous studied at the College.
The College was founded by Royal charter in 1882 The first president was the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and later presidents have also been members of the royal family. The first director was Sir George Grove and he was followed by Sir Hubert Parry.
The first building was opposite the west side to the Royal Albert Hall, but in 1894 the RCM moved to a larger building south of the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road. The College is still there, but there have been many extensions and improvements to the building.
Today there are about 600 students at the RCM from some 50 countries. About 170 of these are post-graduate students. The college can award degrees and diplomas in music and current composers and performing musicians can study there. The current director of the Royal College is Dr Colin Lawson. The college has a large museum of musical instruments. Next to the main building is a 400-seater opera house, the Britten Theatre, opened in 1986.
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542650
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69690
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Automated teller machine
|
An automated teller machine (ATM) is a machine that lets people take or deposit money that they have. It can also be used by someone to see how much money they have, or see and do other things with their bank account. In the United Kingdom, ATMs are often called "cash machines", "cashpoints" or the "hole in the wall".
ATMs may be found in stores and shopping malls. They can also be found in other places. Sometimes, they can be found in bars or restaurants. Other times, at special events, people may set one up so the guests can use the machine, like at a fundraiser.
People need a debit card or credit card in order to use an ATM. They also need a personal identification number (PIN). A PIN is a code that lets them get into their account.
There are many scams with ATMs. In one scam, con artists look over the victim's shoulder and find their PIN. This is known as shoulder surfing. In another, they may put a video camera near the ATM to look at people using their PIN number. They then make cards using the PIN number and account number to be able to use that person's account.
In Germany, where people still use real money more than electronic money, there have been a lot of robberies from cash machines. 496 cash machines were blown up in 2022, with about €100,000 stolen each time. Most of the thieves are Dutch men, say the German police.
In Japan old people are targeted by people who pretend to be members of their family in trouble. In 2023 the National Police Agency were thinking about stopping people over 65 who had not used a machine for more than a year from using them.
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69692
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Quilt
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A quilt is a type of blanket made of three layers: a top piece of cloth, a layer of insulating material often called "batting", and a bottom piece of cloth for backing. The layers are joined together either by sewing or by tying the layers together with pieces of yarn, thread, or ribbon.
The top layer of the quilt can be made from many pieces of cloth sewn together in patterns, known as "patchwork". Other patterns can be made by running lines of stitching through the three layers.
Sometimes quilts are not used as bedding, but are works of art made to be hung on a wall (wall hangings) or used as decoration.
Quilting is done in many cultures, such as the Amish, in Hawaii, and in India.
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293183
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69693
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Ribbon
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A ribbon is a thin, flexible band, usually cloth but also plastic or sometimes metal.
Ribbons are mostly used for tying or decorating things. Ribbons can be used to tie a person's hair, decorate clothing or uniforms, or to tie up packages. A typewriter uses a cloth or plastic ribbon to hold the ink.
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69697
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Healthy
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69698
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Fertile
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69704
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Garden of Eden
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The Garden of Eden is the place where, according to the Christian and Jewish Bible, the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve, lived after they were created by God.
In the Bible, the story of the creation of the world in the book of Genesis describes how Adam and Eve lived in Eden in peace with all of the animals. They tended the garden and could eat from any tree except the Tree of Knowledge. After they ate from the Tree of Knowledge, God punished Adam and Eve by making them leave the Garden of Eden forever.
Only Judaism, Islam and Christianity believe that Garden of Eden existed and Adam and Eve were first humans. The Garden of Eden as Paradise.
Where the name Eden is from.
In Sumerian, "Eden" is a name for the Steppe. "Heavenly Eden" is also mentioned. It refers to a place that appears to be fertile at first, but later changes to become infertile. Climatologists have said this is a good description of the climate change that happened in The Levant after the last ice age. The green steppe became dry. This meant that food was no longer available all year round, but only at certain times. This forced the people living at the time to start agriculture and to keep some of their food for the periods where there was none. Scientists have referred to this change as the Neolithic Revolution. This change of food is also mentioned in the story.
Babylonian mythology sees the main reason for the creation of man to grow food for the gods. This is different in the Bible. There, God created plants as food for humans, and animals to keep them company.
The beginning of the Book of Genesis has been seen as describing the state before a climate change in a certain region. >Because of this change, humans were "condemned" to growing crops and keeping some food in stock, to be able to eat it, during the times it did not grow. Genesis has been seen to only start when this region converted to agriculture (the Neolithic Revolution, mentioned above). This means that Genesis roughly covers the time from about 8000 - 6000 BC to about 2000 BC.
The Location of the Garden of Eden is clear from the original source: the Book of Genesis. It is located at the head waters of four Rivers. The first is the Pishon which flows through the land of Havilah.
Havilah is located according to Genesis 10:29-30 starting in Mesha going toward Sephar. Mount Masius (Mesha) according to Strabo the Greek Geographer is in northern Mesopotamia near Nisiris. Sephar is the ancient city of Sippar near Babylon. The river which currently flows through this region is the Khabur. Its origin is Mount Masius which is known as the Karaca Dag. The Karaca Dag also supplies water to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as well as the Balikh river through karst springs which completes the complement of the Four Rivers of Eden. The town of Viransehir in the hills south of the Karaca dag was known as Telassar in the Byzantine era where the Children of Eden were defeated by the Assyrians.
Strabo volume 7 book 16 chapter 1
Having to leave the Garden.
Judaism.
Judaism teaches that sin cannot be passed on from the parents to their children. There is a free will, everyone is responsible for their own sins only. Humans can do bad things and good things. God's commandments help them do good things. What exactly makes up the Commandments of God is not written down, but needs to developed by tradition. Sins are forgiven once a year during Yom Kippur. Unlike Christianity, Judaism has no personified evil.
Christianity.
Christianity believes that sin can be passed on from the parents to their children. This is known as original sin. Without Jesus, humans must live in sin. Augustine of Hippo formalized this belief, which is now a dogma in the Western Christian denominations (Catholicism and Protestantism).
Islam.
Islam sees Adam and Eve being chased away as a chance for a new start. Islam says the Christian concept of original sin is false. This means that them being chased away does not change the relationship between men and God. According to Islamic tradition, Adam and Eve were placed in different parts of the world. They first had to wander around before they found each other.
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69718
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Wigmore Hall
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The Wigmore Hall is a famous concert hall in London. It is called a “recital hall” because it is designed for recitals: concerts given by one soloist, or sometimes a small group of musicians (chamber music). It is in Wigmore Street in the centre of London, just north of Oxford Street.
The Wigmore Hall was built in 1901 by the German firm Bechstein who made pianos. Originally it was called Bechstein Hall. Bechstein’s showrooms were next door. The hall was built in a Renaissance style, with alabaster and marble walls and a rectangular hall with a small, raised stage. Above the stage the ceiling is in the form of a cupola which has a painting which shows the Soul of Music looking up at the Genius of Harmony: a ball of eternal fire whose rays are reflected across the world. These are separated by thorns from the rest of the picture which includes a musician and, on the other side, Psyche inspiring a composer to write music.
The "Bechstein Hall" opened on 31 May 1901 with a concert given by the virtuoso pianist and composer Ferruccio Busoni and violinist Eugène Ysaÿe. During its early period many famous musicians played there, including Artur Schnabel, Pablo Sarasate, Percy Grainger, Myra Hess, Arthur Rubinstein and Camille Saint-Saëns.
Because it was owned by a German firm, the hall was seized as "enemy property" during World War I. The hall with over 130 pianos was sold at an auction to Debenhams for a very small amount of money, and was re-opened as Wigmore Hall in 1917. Musicians who have performed there since include Sviatoslav Richter, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Victoria de los Ángeles, Sergei Prokofiev, Shura Cherkassky, Paul Hindemith, Andrés Segovia, Julian Bream, Peter Pears, Benjamin Britten and Francis Poulenc.
Today the Wigmore Hall seats 540 people. Many concerts are broadcast on BBC Radio 3. Famous musicians perform there, as well as young musicians who are just starting their career.
The Wigmore Hall publishes on its own record label "Wigmore Hall live" recordings of concerts that were given by famous musicians. The pianos in the Wigmore Hall today are made by Steinway.
The Wigmore Hall's director is John Gilhooly. His future plans include having lots of music by living composers
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69719
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Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music
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The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music or ABRSM is an organization that arranges music examinations. The organization is based in London, but they arrange examinations in places all over the world. Many people, especially children, who learn instruments take examinations of the ABRSM as it helps them to become better players because it gives them something to work for. People of any age can take the exams. Those who pass an exam get a certificate. Over 620,000 candidates take the ABRSM examinations every year in over ninety countries.
The organization is called “Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music” because it is organized by a group of four music conservatoires:
Graded Exams.
Exams can be taken on many different instruments. In nearly each case there are eight grades, numbered from 1 to 8. For example, someone who has learned the piano for a short while may take Grade 1 once he or she can play pieces such as a simple minuet, and play a few scales with separate hands. By the time they take Grade 8 they will need to be able to play movements from sonatas by composers such as Beethoven, play all 24 scales in various ways very fluently and be good at sight-reading.
The marks are given out of 150. The pass mark is hundred. Below hundred marks is a “Fail”. one hundred and twenty marks to one hundred and twenty nine is called a “Merit” and one hundred and thirty and above is a “Distinction”.
Although some students take each of the grades as they get better at their instrument, it is not necessary to have passed earlier grades in order to take a higher grade. For grades 6 and above it is necessary to have passed Grade 5 Theory or Practical Musicianship or Jazz. This is to make sure that students have a good knowledge of music.
The examiners are people who are professional musicians. Many of them are music teachers. They have a wide experience of music and they are trained by the ABRSM so that they all mark in the same way.
The ABRSM also publish a lot of music, including the music set for their exams.
There are four kinds of exams:
Practical Exams.
These are by far the most commonly taken exams. Available for over 35 instruments, these exams consist of 4 different sections:
Each section has a certain number of marks and all the marks add up to 150. 100 is a pass, 120 a merit and 130 a distinction.
There is also a Prep Test for those who are not yet ready to take Grade 1 but would like to have the experience of taking an exam. Students who take a Prep Test are not given a mark. It is a way to encourage young people and make them relaxed about the idea of taking exams.
Theory Exams.
These are written papers about musical theory. They are marked out of 100: 66 or more is a pass; 80 or more is a merit; 90 or more is a distinction.
Practical Musicianship.
These exams will test a student’s understanding of rhythm, melody, key and notation together with the ability to sing and play from memory, and improvise and to recognize changes to and answer questions about a score.
Jazz Exams.
These are the newest types of exams. Jazz piano was first offered in 1999. At the moment they are only available for flute, piano, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. They are also only available from Grades 1-5. They are marked in the same way as practical exams. However many of the pieces include large sections where they have to improvise (make something up) using particular chords.
Diplomas.
The ABRSM offer diplomas in three disciplines:
For each discipline there are three levels of award:
These are professional qualifications which allow a person to put the letters after his or her name.
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ABRSM
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69721
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Associated Board
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Punjab
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Punjab or Panjab may mean:
In former countries, states and provinces:
In other:
See also:
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House of Commons
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House of Commons is the name of the lower house in several commonwealth parliaments
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Engraving
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Engraving is putting a design onto a hard, flat surface, by carving into it. The result may be a decorative piece in itself, as when silver, gold or steel are engraved, or may provide a printing plate of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper which are also called engravings. Engraving was an important method in history of making images on paper, both in artistic ways, such as making a decorative print, and also for printing books and magazines. It has long been replaced by photography in its commercial uses and, is nowadays much less common in printmaking, where it has been almost completely replaced by etching and other techniques.
The engraving process.
Engravers use a steel tool called a burin to cut the picture or pattern into the surface, mostly a copper plate. Gravers come in a variety of shapes and sizes that give different line types when used. The burin gives us a line that is unique because of its steady appearance and smooth edges. The angle tint tool has a slightly curved tip that is commonly used in printmaking. Florentine liners are flat-bottomed tools with multiple lines on them, used to do work on larger areas. Flat gravers are used for doing work on letters, as well as most musical instrument engraving work. Round gravers are commonly used on silver as well as other hard-to-cut metals such as nickel and steel.
History and usage.
In ancient history, the only engraving that could be made were the shallow grooves found in some jewellery after 1000 B.C.
In the European Middle Ages goldsmiths used engraving to decorate metal. It is thought that they began to print impressions of their designs to record them. From this grew the engraving of copper printing plates to make artistic images on paper in Germany in the 1430s. The first and greatest period of engraving was from about 1470 to 1530, with such masters as Martin Schongauer, Albrecht Dürer, and Lucas van Leiden.
Thereafter engraving tended to lose popularity to etching, which was a much easier technique for an artist to learn. By the nineteenth century, most engraving was for commercial picture-making.
Before the invention of photography, engraving was used to reproduce other forms of art, for example paintings. Engravings continued to be common in newspapers and many books into the early 20th century, because they were cheap to use in printing.
When two sets of parallel line "hatchings" crossed each other for higher density, the pattern was known as "cross-hatching". Claude Mellan is well known for his technique of using lines of different thicknesses. One example is his "Sudarium of Saint Veronica", an engraving of the face of Jesus from a single spiralling line that starts at the tip Jesus's nose (pictured).
Modern engraving.
Because of the high level of detail that can be done by a master engraver, faking engraved designs is almost impossible, and modern banknotes are almost always engraved, as are plates for printing money, checks, bonds and other papers that should not be faked. Engraving is so fine that a normal printer can not make the detail of hand engraved images properly. In the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing, more than one engraver will work on the same printing plate, making it nearly impossible for any person to duplicate all the engraving on almost any banknote or document.
Many classic postage stamps were engraved, although the practice is now mostly confined to particular countries, or used when a more "elegant" design is desired and a limited amount of different colours is acceptable.
Engraving machines such as the K500 or K6 by "Hell Gravure Systems" use a diamond "pen" to cut cells. Each cell creates one printing dot later in the process. A K6 can have up to 18 engraving heads each cutting 8,000 cells per second to an accuracy of 0.1 µm and below. They are fully computer controlled and the whole process of cylinder making is fully automatic. The engraving process with diamonds is state of the art since the 1960s. Now, laser engraving machines are also made and used.
Biblical references.
The earliest allusion to engraving in the Bible may be the reference to Judah’s seal ring. (Genesis 38:18), followed by (Exodus 39.30). Engraving was commonly done with pointed tools of iron or even with diamond points. (Jeremiah 17:1).
Each of the two onyx stones on the shoulder pieces of the high priest’s ephod was engraved with the names of six different tribes of Israel, and each of the 12 precious stones that adorned his breastpiece was engraved with the name of one of the tribes. The holy sign of dedication, the shining gold plate on the high priest’s turban, was engraved with the words: “Holiness belongs to Jehovah.” Bezalel, along with Oholiab, was qualified to do this specialized engraving work as well as to train others.—Ex 35:30-35; 28:9-12; 39:6-14, 30.
Engraving and art.
Italian painter and engraver Guido Bonasone [1498-after 1574] engraved a series of plates for a work called "The Loves of the Gods" Circa 1531–76. {top row] Cenuries later the english artist Thomas Rowlandson copied three of them.{Bottom row]
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St. Christopher and Nevis
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69743
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Ron Dennis
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Ronald "Ron" Dennis CBE (born 1 June 1947) is the executive chairman of McLaren Automotive and McLaren Group. He was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team until 2009.
He was placed at number 648 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006 with a wealth of £90 million. "The Times" put his wealth at £200 million in 2009.
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