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209909 | 1338660 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209909 | Beaufort, North Carolina | Beaufort () is a town in Carteret County, North Carolina, United States. It was established in 1722, which makes it the fourth-oldest town in North Carolina.
In 2020, 4,464 people lived in Beaufort. The town is the county seat of Carteret County. It is sometimes confused with Beaufort in South Carolina. However, the two names are pronounced differently.
Beaufort is in North Carolina's Inner Banks region. The North Carolina Maritime Museum is in Beaufort.
Geography.
Beaufort is at (34.720729, -76.652569).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.8 square miles (20.3 km²). About 5.1 square miles (13.1 km²) of it is land and 2.8 square miles (7.1 km²) of it (22.82%) is water. |
209910 | 1335156 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209910 | North Carolina Highway 12 | North Carolina Highway 12 (NC 12) is a highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It runs along the state's northeastern coast. It is a popular route for visitors touring the Outer Banks. Most sections of NC 12 are two lanes wide. Two sections of the route are connected by ferries. |
209913 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209913 | The Independent | The Independent is a daily online newspaper in the United Kingdom, founded in 1986. Its sister paper, the Independent on Sunday is, as the name suggests, published on a Sunday.
Originally a broadsheet newspaper, it became a tabloid in 2006. The paper stopped being printed in March 2016 and is now only available online. It tends to take a liberal and centre to centre-left political position. |
209914 | 1398040 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209914 | Take on Me | "Take on Me" is a 1985 synthpop song by the Norwegian pop band a-ha.
It was first released in 1984, and was mixed by Tony Mansfield, but did not sell well in the United Kingdom. The song was re-recorded and re-released in 1985. A music video was made, which was shown on television a lot. This helped the song to become very popular. |
209924 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209924 | Mockingbird | Mockingbirds are a group of New World passerine song-birds. They are best known for the habit of some species mimicking the songs of insect and amphibian sounds, and other bird songs, often loudly and in rapid succession. There are about 17 species in three genera. |
209926 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209926 | Mockingbirds | |
209930 | 10478245 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209930 | Smallville | Smallville is a Superman prequel television show about a teenaged version of the comic book character Clark Kent. He later becomes Superman and has to stop his enemy Lex Luthor. This show is produced by Tollin/Robbins Productions, Millar Gough Ink, DC Comics and Warner Bros. Television Studios. It first premiered on October 16, 2001, which aired on The WB.
Overview.
"Smallville" is based on the popular DC Comics character, Superman. The series follows the life of a teenage Clark Kent living in the town of Smallville, Kansas that is set at the start of the 21st century. It shows Clark Kent coping with adolescence while he is developing super powers (X-ray vision, super speed, etc.), exploring his extraterrestrial origins, and struggling to find his destiny.
Best shown at the beginning of season 5 and 8, Smallville is said to be a show of 3 chapters: Chapter 1 is the High School year of Clark Kent (Seasons 1-4) featuring villains Lionel Luthor, Roger Nixon and Jason and Genevieve Teague. Chapter 2 is known as Clark's training begins and Lex Luthor's descension to darkness (Seasons 5-7) featuring new heroes and villains like Brainiac, Bizarro and Lex Luthor. The final chapter is known as The Final Trials of Clark Kent: Doomsday, General Zod, and Darkseid (Season's 8-10) and features the rise of the Justice League, Lex Luthor's return, and Clark's rise to Superman.
The series often deals with the people in Clark Kent's life: his adoptive human parents, Jonathan Kent and Martha Kent; his peers, Chloe Sullivan, Pete Ross; his on-again, off-again love interest, Lana Lang; his Daily Planet cohort, Lois Lane and especially his friendship with a young Lex Luthor.
The mineral kryptonite is used as a recurring plot device throughout the series. Kryptonite is shown to have bizarre and lingering effects on human physiology and the young superhero often encounters mutated and psychotic villains who have developed bizarre powers, such as psychic abilities, shape shifting, and other paranormal abilities. (For this reason, the show is often criticized as being predominately a "freak of the week" series.) On a Kryptonian like Clark, though, kryptonite has very different effects; the general idea is that Clark is virtually invincible except when around the kryptonite rocks. Different colors affect Clark differently: Green Kryptonite physically weakens him and could possibly kill him if he is exposed to it for too long. Red Kryptonite causes him to set aside moral standings and act out on his impulses and dark desires. Black Kryptonite splits Clark into (and merges him back together from) two separate beings that exhibit his two personalities (Clark Kent and the darker Kal-El). Silver Kryptonite (which is solely the creation of Milton Fine in the show) causes him extreme paranoia. Blue Kryptonite takes away his abilities, but doesn't cause him pain like green kryptonite is often seen to. Lastly, Gold Kryptonite can permanently damage or scar a Kryptonian and take away their powers permanently.
Viewers will often observe allusions in the form of dialogue, guest stars, character wardrobe, and scenic design used throughout the series to the Superman comic books and movies. |
209944 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209944 | Pieridae | The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies. It has about 76 genera and 1,100 species. They are mostly from tropical Africa and Asia. Most pierid butterflies are white, yellow or orange with black spots. The pigments are a characteristic of this family.
The name "butterfly" may have come from a member of this family, the Brimstone "Gonepteryx rhamni". It was called the "butter-coloured fly" by early British naturalists.
The caterpillars of some species, such as "Pieris brassicae" and "Pieris rapae", are often seen in gardens. They are agricultural pests because they feed on brassicas.
Males of many species feed on salts from moist soil. They do this in groups. This behavior is known as 'mud-puddling' or 'puddling'.
Classification.
The Pieridae have the radial vein on the forewing with 3 or 4 branches (rarely 5) . The fore legs are well developed in both sexes. The tarsal claws are bifid (bifid means split into two parts).
Like the Papilionidae, Pieridae also have their chrysalids held at an angle by a silk girdle. The girdle runs around the first abdominal segment unlike the thoracic girdle seen in the Papilionidae.
Subfamilies.
The Pieridae are divided into the following four subfamilies: |
209952 | 4893797 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209952 | 1903 in baseball | In 1903, the Boston Red Sox won the World Series. They were against the Pittsburgh Pirates. They had won the first of the whole series. |
209957 | 966595 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209957 | Pamela Weston | Pamela Weston (born London, 17 October 1921; died 9 September 2009, Zürich, Switzerland) was a British clarinettist, teacher and writer. She inspired many musicians through her inspiring teaching and her books about clarinettists and clarinet playing.
Pamela Weston was born in London. Her father was a doctor. She went to Priors Field School, then went to the Royal Academy of Music and then got a scholarship to the Guildhall School of Music. She studied privately with Frederick Thurston, the principal clarinettist of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. She became Professor of Clarinet at the Guildhall in 1951, and stayed there until 1969.
She played in many concerts: sometimes as a soloist with orchestras, sometimes giving recitals or playing in chamber music. She was a member of the Klarion Trio (soprano, clarinet and piano) with whom she often played newly composed music including the "Songs of Innocence" which was written for them in 1957 by Arnold Cooke.
She wrote several books about famous clarinet players of the past. She also wrote "The Clarinet Teacher's Companion", a book which was used by many clarinet teachers.
During her last years she had a serious illness called encephalomyelitis. She did not want to suffer any more, so she travelled to Switzerland where she was allowed to have an assisted suicide. |
209973 | 1604351 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209973 | Jeff Hanneman | Jeffery John "Jeff" Hanneman (January 31, 1964 - May 2, 2013) was an American musician. He was most famous for being one of the founding members of the thrash metal band Slayer. He grew up in Los Angeles. His family had a military background which made Hanneman very interested in war. He expressed this interest in the words to many of the songs he has written for Slayer which are about warfare and destruction.
When he was young he liked punk rock. Hanneman said that the fast aggressive sound of punk music helped influence Slayer. Hanneman wrote both words and music for Slayer. Some of his songs include: "Raining Blood", "War Ensemble", "Seasons in the Abyss" and "Angel of Death." All of these songs are played at almost every Slayer concert. A guitar company called ESP Guitars makes a guitar which looks exactly like Hanneman's main onstage guitar and is called the "ESP Jeff Hanneman Signature Model."
Hanneman died on May 2, 2013 in Inland Empire, California, aged 49. He was staying in an area hospital when he suffered liver failure. |
209986 | 314522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209986 | Santo Domingo Este | Santo Domingo Este is a Dominican municipality and the provincial capital of the Santo Domingo province. It is on the eastern (left) side of the Ozama River.
History.
Santo Domingo Este was part of the Distrito Nacional and of the Santo Domingo city until 2001 when the Santo Domingo province was created. The Santo Domingo Este was made the head municipality of this new province.
Population.
The municipality had, in , a total population of 891,952: 429,853 men and 462,099 women. The urban population was of the total population.
Geography.
Santo Domingo Este is in the "Llano Costero del Caribe" ("Caribbean Coastal Plain"), a large plain in southeastern Dominican Republic where there are many savannas with grasses. There are not mountains in the province, only some very low hills.
The Ozama river forms the eastern and northern limits of the municipality; it is the only important river in the municipality.
The municipality has a total area of and has only one municipal district (a subdivision of a municipality): San Luis.
The altitude of Santo Domingo Este is above sea level.
The municipality of Santo Domingo Este has the municipality of Santo Domingo Norte and the Monte Plata Province to the north, the municipality of San Antonio de Guerra to the northeast, the municipality of Boca Chica to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the south and the Distrito Nacional to the west.
Climate.
Santo Domingo Este, and the Santo Domingo province, has a tropical monsoonal climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Am).
The average amount of rainfall for the year in the Santo Domingo province is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of rainfall, followed by October with .
The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of followed by February with an average of .
Santo Domingo Este is in a hot region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .
Administrative division.
The municipality of Santo Domingo Este has only one municipal district:
Tourism.
Some places to visit in Santo Domingo Este are: |
209987 | 9558000 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209987 | 2009 World Series | The 2009 World Series was the MLB World Series of 2009 in the game of baseball. The New York Yankees won the series 4 games to 2, beating the Philadelphia Phillies. Hideki Matsui was the first ever Japanese born MVP.
This is the Yankees' 27th World Series championship, the most in Major League Baseball. However, this is also the Yankees' last championship and World Series appearance to date. |
209990 | 9623707 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209990 | Closer (movie) | Closer is a 2004 American romantic drama movie set in London, England. The movie stars Julia Roberts, Jude Law, Natalie Portman and Clive Owen. It was produced and directed by Mike Nichols. The movie was recognized with a number of awards and nominations, including Academy Award nominations and Golden Globe wins for both Portman and Owen for their acting in supporting roles. The movie was written by Patrick Marber, based on his award-winning 1997 play of the same name.
Plot.
Ignoring a traffic light, Alice (Portman) crosses the street to the opposite side of the road and is hit by a car. The accidental witness of the incident, a failed writer Dan (Lowe), takes the girl to the doctor, but not only out of nobility — Alice is too beautiful to miss the chance to get to know her better. The couple's communication turned out to be quite fruitful: before that, Dan, who made his living writing obituaries, had written a book. The source of inspiration and prototype of the heroine was his roommate, Alice, to whom the writer remained faithful for a year. After meeting the expressive photographer Anna (Roberts), Dan begins to think about the benefits of diversity, but the flirtation, which Alice also becomes aware of, never ends. For fun, Dan introduces Anna to Larry (Owen), and soon the love triangle turns into a square. |
209992 | 10367794 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209992 | Maryse Mizanin | Maryse Mizanin (; née Ouellet; born January 21, 1983) is a Canadian professional wrestler, actress and model. She is signed to WWE and works on the Raw brand with her husband The Miz, under the ring name Maryse.
During her time in the WWE, she has won the WWE Divas Championship twice. In August, she underwent surgery for an abdominal hernia and took time off of WWE programming 2011. She was released from her WWE contract that October after two months of inactivity. She returned to the WWE in 2016. She also joined the cast of the Reality television program "Total Divas" that year. In 2018, she began the series "Miz & Mrs." with her husband.
In 2003, She won Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada. She also finished second at the International Finals of Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004. In 2007, she was on the cover of "Playboy's" Girls of Canada calendar. |
209993 | 103847 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209993 | Misanthropy | Misanthropy is the general distrust or hatred of humanity. A person who feels that way is called a misanthropist.
Many misanthropists are labeled using offensive terms such as hermits and loners. Some Misanthropic people prefer to be alone without interpersonal relationship whilst others do not trust many people outside of their immediate family or friends. Some do not trust anyone.
Molière's character Alceste in "Le Misanthrope" (1666) states: |
209994 | 1203320 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209994 | Cygnus X-1 | Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a well-known galactic X-ray source. It is thought to be a black hole in the constellation Cygnus.
It was discovered in 1964 during a rocket flight, and is one of the strongest X-ray sources seen from Earth. Cygnus X-1 was the first X-ray source accepted as a black hole. It is among the most studied astronomical objects in its class. The compact object is estimated to have a mass about 14.8 times the mass of the Sun. It is too small to be any known kind of normal star, or other likely object besides a black hole. If so, the radius of its event horizon is about . |
209995 | 527152 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=209995 | Woodcut | A woodcut is a way of printing. An image is cut into a block of wood. The printing part remains level with the surface. The non-printing parts are removed, often with a tool called a gouge. The areas that are 'white' are cut away with a knife or chisel. Therefore the wood still at the original surface level are black in the final print.
The wood block is cut in the direction of the grain of the wood. In Europe beechwood was most commonly used. In Japan, a special type of cherry wood was used.
The surface is covered with ink. It is rolled over the surface with an ink-covered roller (called a brayer). This leaves ink upon the flat surface, but none in the non-printing areas. Sometimes woodcuts are referred to by a formal word, xylography. |
210000 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210000 | Ivan Boldirev | Ivan Boldirev (born August 15, 1949) is a Yugoslavian-born Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played a total of fifteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Boston Bruins, California Golden Seals, Chicago Black Hawks, Atlanta Flames, Vancouver Canucks, and Detroit Red Wings
Career.
He led the Black Hawks in scoring during the 1977–78 and 1978–79 seasons.
He was also successful during his time with the Vancouver Canucks. He would help the team reach the 1982 Stanley Cup Finals where they would lose to the New York Islanders four games to zero.
After retiring, Boldirev worked with the Chicago Blackhawks Alumni Association. |
210015 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210015 | Jose Reginaldo Vital | Jose Reginaldo Vital (born 29 February 1976) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics.
86||6||||||||||86||6
69||18||3||0||8||2||80||20
155||24||3||0||8||2||166||26 |
210016 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210016 | Peter Bosz | Peter Bosz (born 21 November 1963) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team.
Honours.
Player.
Feyenoord
Manager.
AGOVV
Heracles Almelo
Ajax
Bayer Leverkusen
PSV
Individual |
210017 | 1035196 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210017 | Valeriy Lobanovskyi | Valeriy Lobanovskyi (6 January 1939 – 13 May 2002) was a Ukrainian football player turned manager. He played for Soviet Union national team. He died after a stroke and brain surgery.
Career statistics.
As a player.
254||72
254||72
Honours.
Player.
Dynamo Kyiv
Manager.
Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk
Dynamo Kyiv
Soviet Union
Ukrainian SSR
United Arab Emirates
Kuwait |
210021 | 314522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210021 | Blood Brothers | Blood Brothers is a musical. The book, lyrics, and music were written by Willy Russell. It is one of the longest running musicals in history, with the performance running since its original 1988 West End production. It opened on Broadway on 25 April 1993 at the Music Box Theatre. It closed on 30 April 1995 after 840 performances.
The musical has a main theme of nature vs. nurture; where two twins have been separated at birth. The twins different backgrounds are shown through class,wealth and social status. This continues showing the extremes in British society by one twin becoming an University graduate and the other being stuck with money and home problems. Both fall in love with the same girl, Linda, and end up dying on the same day, as the narrator tells you at the start of the performance.
Over the years the musical has been changed to suit the director. Some changes are that:
Musical Numbers.
|
210028 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210028 | 2027 | 2027 (MMXXVII) will be a common year starting on Friday in the Gregorian calendar. |
210038 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210038 | Daniel Edusei | Daniel Edusei (born 2 September 1980) is a Ghanaian football player. He has played for Ghana national team.
Club career statistics.
206||3
23||0
229||3
International career statistics.
!Total||19||0 |
210039 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210039 | Dodô (footballer, born 1974) | Dodô (born 2 May 1974) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Club career statistics.
192||96
62||33
15||3
0||0
269||132
International career statistics.
!Total||5||2 |
210040 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210040 | Róbson (footballer, born 1970) | José Róbson do Nascimento (born 10 May 1970) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics.
7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0 |
210045 | 1373270 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210045 | Peterloo Massacre | The Peterloo Massacre (or Battle of Peterloo) happened at St Peter's Field, Manchester, England, on 16 August 1819. It was when cavalry charged into a crowd of 60,000 to 80,000 gathered at a meeting to demand the reform of parliamentary representation.
The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 had resulted in a time of famine and chronic unemployment. This was made worse by the introduction of the first of the Corn Laws. By the beginning of 1819 there were poor economic conditions. That, and the limited suffrage (few people had the vote), increased the appeal of political radicalism.
In response, the Manchester Patriotic Union organised a demonstration to be addressed by the radical orator Henry Hunt. The Manchester Patriotic Union was a group agitating for parliamentary reform.
Shortly after the meeting began, local magistrates called on the military authorities to arrest Henry Hunt and several others with him, and to disperse the men. Cavalry charged into the crowd with sabres drawn. In the resulting confusion, 18 people were killed and 400-700 were injured. The massacre was given the name Peterloo in ironic comparison to the Battle of Waterloo, which had taken place four years earlier. |
210047 | 8149214 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210047 | Radekhiv | Radekhiv (, ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Radekhiv Raion. About 9,230 live there. |
210049 | 174878 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210049 | Richard Arkwright | Sir Richard Arkwright (3 January 1733 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
He invented the spinning frame. This was later called the water frame after the change to water power. Arkwright patented the technology in 1767.
A self-made man, Arkwright's achievement was to combine power, machinery, and semi-skilled labour. In the new cotton industry, this created mass production more than a century before Henry Ford.
Arkwright had great mechanical abilities and a genius for organisation. This made him, more than anyone else, the creator of the modern factory system. The water frame is still used today.
Arkwright was born in Preston, Lancashire, England and died in Cromford, Derbyshire at the age of 59. |
210052 | 9754820 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210052 | Port of Manchester | The Port of Manchester is in the north west of England. It was created as a customs port on 1 January 1894. This was four months before the opening of the Manchester Ship Canal transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port. It extended along the whole 36 miles length of the canal, from Eastham in the west to Manchester in the east, absorbing the Port of Runcorn, which had been created in 1862. The creation of the new port moved the Port of Liverpool's boundary 11 milles to the west. Once delivered to the port, goods travelled as far west as Warrington, about 20 miles north, as far east as Leeds, and up to 100 miles south to Birmingham. |
210055 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210055 | Manchester Piccadilly station | Manchester Piccadilly station is the main railway station of Manchester, England. It serves intercity routes to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, South Wales and the south coast of England, Edinburgh and Glasgow Central in Scotland, and routes throughout Northern England. One of 18 British railway stations managed by Network Rail, it is the largest and busiest of the five city centre railway stations in Central Manchester/Salford. The others are Manchester Victoria, Salford Central, Deansgate and Manchester Oxford Road.
Piccadilly is the busiest station in England outside of London for passenger usage, and the second busiest station in the United Kingdom outside London. According to an independent poll carried out in 2007, Manchester Piccadilly has the highest customer satisfaction level of any UK station, with 92% of passengers satisfied with the station; the national average was 60%. |
210057 | 40117 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210057 | Manchester Piccadilly Station | |
210058 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210058 | First Greater Manchester | First Greater Manchester (formerly First Manchester) is one of the bus companies serving Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. It is part of "FirstGroup", a company operating transport services across the British Isles and in North America. The company operates within the area covered by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, a public body responsible for helping to co-ordinate public transport services in the Greater Manchester area. |
210062 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210062 | Victorian architecture | During the Victorian era was well known for its thousands of terraced buildings designed for workers living near the industrial areas, This was most common in the North and Midlands. many larger buildings have also been built for the houses of rich members society. A Victorian property has several distinguishable characteristics such as brickwork, high ceilings, bay windows, brick porches, and ornate gable trim among others. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles that were employed in the Victorian era. This kind of architecture is named after Queen Victoria. Built-in the late 1800s and early 1900s (during the reign of Queen Victoria), this architecture is a style of its own. Gracious, modestly ornate, solidly built and practical, these homes have stood the test of time. These architectural styles include: |
210064 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210064 | Rotifer | The rotifers are a phylum of tiny animals which are common in freshwater environments, such as ponds and puddles. Some rotifers are free swimming, others move by inching along, and some are fixed. A few species live in colonies.
History and taxonomy.
Rotifers were first described when early microscopes became available, around 1700. They are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton. Also, many species help decompose organic matter in soil. Rotifers eat fish waste, dead bacteria, and algae. They eat particles up to 10 micrometres in size. A rotifer filters 100,000 times its own volume of water per hour. They are used in fish tanks to help clean the water, to prevent clouds of waste matter.
About 2200 species of rotifers have been described. They are placed in the phylum Rotifera. This phylum is subdivided into three classes, "Monogononta", "Bdelloidea", and "Seisonidea". The largest group is the Monogononta, with about 1500 species, followed by the Bdelloidea, with about 350 species. There are only two known species of Seisonidea.
Fossils of the species "Habrotrocha angusticollis" have been found in 6000 year old Pleistocene peat deposits. The oldest known fossil rotifers have been found in Eocene Dominican amber.
Appearance.
The front has a ring of cilia circling the mouth. This gave the rotifers their old name of "wheel animalules". There is a protective "lorica" round its body, and a foot. Inside the lorica are the usual organs in miniturised form: a brain, an eye-spot, jaws, stomach, kidneys, urinary bladder.
Rotifers have a number of unusual features. Biologists suppose that these peculiarities are adaptations to their small size and the transient (fast changing) nature of its habitats.
Resisting drought.
Rotifers are specialists at living in habitats where water dries up regularly.
The Monogononta, which have males, produce fertilised 'resting eggs' which can resist desiccation (drought) for long periods.
The Bdelloids, who have no males, contract into an inert form and lose almost all body water, a process known as "cryptobiosis". Bdelloids can also survive the dry state for long periods: the longest well-documented dormancy is nine years. After they have dried, they may be revived by adding water. In this, and several other ways, they are a unique group of animals.
Cell number.
Rotifers are hatched with a standard number of cell nuclei, exactly the same number for every rotifer in a species. This is called "eutely". No cell division whatsoever takes place during adult life. Not only that, but the number of nuclei in each tissue is constant. Furthermore, most of the nuclei do not have cell walls: rotifer tissue is largely or wholly a syncytium.
Resisting radiation.
The absence of cell division is probably one reason they are extraordinarily resistant to ionising radiation. Also, repairing DNA is one of the things they are known to do after desiccation.
Bdelloid rotifers.
Parthenogenesis.
In one of the classes, the freshwater Bdelloid rotifers, "no males have ever been seen". It is the largest group of wholly parthenogenetic species in the Animalia.
The females in this group produce eggs by parthenogenesis (virgin birth). In some species these eggs develop into small juveniles before they are released from their parent. The offspring are "clones" of their mother.
Cytological and molecular genetic studies show that bdelloids evolved from a common ancestor which lost sexual recombination (meiosis and fertilisation) about 100 million years ago. Research has also been done on the implications of parthenogenesis for speciation.
Genetics.
Bdelloid rotifer genomes contain two or more non-identical copies of each gene. This suggests their asexual reproduction is of long standing. For example, there are four copies of gene "hsp82". Each is different and on a different chromosome. This cannot be explaned by normal gene duplication, which produces two or more near-identical genes next to each other. By contrast, in a monogont rotifer, most genes were single-copy.
There are genes in bdelloid rotifers that seem to have come from bacteria, fungi, and plants. This suggests they arrived by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The capture and use of exogenous (~foreign) genes seems to be important in bdelloid evolution. The team led by Matthew S. Meselson at Harvard University showed that, despite the lack of sexual reproduction, bdelloid rotifers do engage in genetic (DNA) transfer within a species or clade. The method used is not known at present. Bdelloid rotifers currently hold the 'record' for HGT in animals with ~8% of their genes from bacterial origins.
The Acanthocephala.
The Acanthocephala, a group of parasitic worms previously considered to be a separate phylum, have been shown to be modified rotifers. The exact relationship to the normal, freeliving, members of the phylum is not resolved. |
210065 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210065 | Contemporary architecture | Contemporary architecture is generally speaking the architecture being made at the present time. The term contemporary architecture is also applied to a range of styles of recently built structures and spaces (broadly speaking - since the 1980s) which are optimized for current use. |
210077 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210077 | Rotifera | |
210078 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210078 | Wheel animalcules | |
210079 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210079 | Wheel animals | |
210094 | 1061539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210094 | Estigmene acrea | The salt marsh moth or acrea moth ("Estigmene acrea") is a North American moth. It is in the family Arctiidae. The caterpillar is known as the 'salt marsh caterpillar'.
Description.
The head and thorax are white. The abdomen is yellow-orange with a row of black spots. The fore wing (the top wing) is white with a variable amount of black spots (some individuals do not have these spots). The hind wing (the bottom wing) is yellow-orange in males. It is white in females. Both sexes have 3-4 black spots or blotches on their hind wings. The wingspan ranges from 4.5 to 6.8 cm.
Flight.
This moth may be seen from May to August. It is seen all year in southern Florida and southern Texas.
Life cycle.
The eggs are a yellowish color. They are laid in clusters on the host plant leaves. The Salt Marsh Caterpillar is highly variable in color. It ranges from pale yellow to dark brownish-black. It has many soft hairs. The hairs are longer towards the end of the body. The thoracic and abdominal segments have a few rows of either orange or black warts. The chrysalis hibernates in a cocoon.
Host plants.
Here is a list of host plants that the salt marsh caterpillar feeds on: |
210098 | 18907 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210098 | Poughkeepsie, NY | |
210111 | 18539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210111 | Heliocheilus julia | Heliocheilus julia is a North American moth. It is in the family Noctuidae. "Heliocheilus julia" is attracted to lights. Its life history and host plants are unknown.
Distribution.
"Heliocheilus julia" is found from central New Mexico west to eastern Arizona and south to Jalisco, Mexico.
Flight period.
This moth has one brood. It is seen from late July to September. |
210115 | 62069 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210115 | I Have A Dream | |
210120 | 1604351 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210120 | Claus von Stauffenberg | Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer and Catholic aristocrat in the Wehrmacht.
Stauffenberg was a leader of the failed 20 July plot of 1944 during World War 2 that aimed to kill the German Nazi dictator, Adolf Hitler, and to remove the Nazi Party from power in Germany. With Henning von Tresckow and Hans Oster, Stauffenberg was one of the central figures of the German resistance within the "Wehrmacht". For his involvement in the plot to kill Hitler, Stauffenberg was executed, as were many other German resistance members. He was an army infantry soldier (1926-1930) and Army Infantry Officer (1930-1944) in the German Army of both the Reichswehr (1926-1935) and the Wehrmacht (1935-1944) militaries of both the Weimar Era and Nazi Era of Germany. |
210124 | 16695 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210124 | Führerbunker | The Führerbunker (German, literally meaning "shelter for the leader" or "the Führer's shelter") was an underground bunker in the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany.
Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva Braun spent the last weeks of World War II hiding in the Führerbunker. On April 30, 1945, they killed themselves inside the bunker.
Construction.
The Führerbunker was a large, elaborate complex. It was built in two phases, one part in 1936 and the other in 1943.
The 1943 development was built by the Hochtief company as part of an extensive program of underground construction in Berlin that began in 1940.
Location.
The Führerbunker was about 8.2 meters beneath the garden of the old Reich Chancellery building at Wilhelmstraße 77 in Berlin.
Structure.
The Führerbunker had two levels: the "Vorbunker" (the upper bunker or "forward bunker") and the newer Führerbunker one level below. They were connected by a stairway set at right angles.
About 30 small rooms were distributed over the complex's two levels, with exits into the main buildings and an emergency exit into the garden. Hitler's rooms were in the newer, lower section.
By February 1945, the Führerbunker had high-quality furniture (taken from the Chancellery) along with several framed oil paintings.
The complex was protected by about four meters of concrete. |
210128 | 8392836 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210128 | Barcelona Metro | The Barcelona Metro (Catalan and Spanish: "Metro de Barcelona"), part of the public transportation system of Barcelona, Spain is an extensive network of electrified railways that run underground in central Barcelona and above ground into the city's suburbs. There are 189 stations with 12 lines together with 166 km of total track line. The network length is 170 kilometres, with 183 stations, as of November 2021. |
210138 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210138 | Kelenna Azubuike | Kelenna David Azubuike (born 16 December 1983 in London, England) is an American basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the NBA. He plays as a shooting guard and small forward. He wears the jersey number 7 on his team. He played college basketball at the University of Kentucky Wildcats. |
210141 | 9894203 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210141 | Harry Catterick | Harry Catterick was an English football player and manager. He was most successful when he managed Everton F.C. during the 1960s. |
210143 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210143 | Howard Kendall | Howard Kendall (22 May 1946 – 17 October 2015) was an English footballer and manager. He was born in Ryton, County Durham. He is most famous for managing Everton during one of their most successful periods. He was briefly chairman of the club and was also manager of Manchester City and Blackburn Rovers.
Career statistics.
As a player.
Source:
Honours.
Player.
Preston North End
Everton
Stoke City
Individual
Manager.
Blackburn Rovers
Everton
Notts County
Individual |
210147 | 9477828 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210147 | Patrick Henry | Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799) served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779. He is known for his "Give me Liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 shortly before the American Revolutionary War in St. John's Church. He was a fiery speaker who evoked great emotion from listeners. He unsuccessfully opposed the United States Constitution, which made him an enemy of John Adams and the Federalist Party. After the French Revolution, however, he supported Adams.
His wife, Sarah Shelton, had a mental illness and died in 1775. He married his second wife, Dorthea Dandrige, two years later in 1777.
As governor of Virginia, Patrick Henry since 1776, he was one of the main architects of the requests for aid to the nascent United States, for which, in 1776 he requested support from the governor of Louisiana, Luis de Unzaga, key help for this birth. |
210153 | 62069 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210153 | Patrick henry | |
210168 | 1559632 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210168 | Typhoon Tip | Typhoon Tip, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Warling (international designation: T7920, JTWC designation: 23W) was the biggest and strongest known tropical cyclone on record. It was the 19th tropical storm and 12th typhoon of the 1979 Pacific typhoon season. The typhoon formed out of a disturbance in a monsoon trough on October 4 near Pohnpei. At first, a tropical storm to the northwest prevented Tip from strengthening, but after it moved further north, the storm was able to gain more strength. After passing near Guam, it strengthened quickly and reached its highest winds of 305 km/h (190 mph) and a worldwide record low barometric pressure of 870 mbar (hPa, 25.69 inHg) on October 12. At its peak strength, it was also the biggest tropical cyclone on record, with a diameter of 2,220 km (1,380 mi). Tip slowly weakened as it kept moving towards the west-northwest, and later turned to the northeast. Tip made landfall on southern Japan on October 19, and became an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter.
U.S. Air Force Reconnaissance flew into the typhoon on 60 different times, making Tip one of the most closely watched tropical cyclones. Rainfall from the storm breached a wall that was used to stop flooding at a United States Marine Corps training camp in the Kanagawa Prefecture of Japan. This eventually led to a fire which killed 13 Marines and hurt 68. Elsewhere in the country, the typhoon caused lots of damage and 42 deaths and shipwrecks left another 44 killed.
Meteorological history.
Three low pressure areas formed the monsoon trough that extended from the Philippines to the Marshall Islands. An area of disturbed weather to the southwest of Guam eventually strengthened into Tropical Storm Roger on October 3. Later on the same day, the tropical system which would later become Typhoon Tip formed to the south of Pohnpei. Because Roger was so close, the storm that would become Tip was not able to strengthen much. However, it gradually organized as it moved towards the west. The tropical disturbance moved slowly and and slowly made a loop to the southeast of Chuuk. A Reconnaissance Aircraft flight into the system late on October 4 confirmed the existence of a circulation center. A bit later, on October 5, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) called the system Tropical Depression Twenty-Three.
The tropical depression into Tropical Storm Tip, but it did not organize significantly due to Tropical Storm Roger being so close. After moving slowly for many days, Tip began a steady northwest path on October 8. By that time, Tropical Storm Roger had become an extratropical cyclone. At first, the storm was expected to continue moving northwestward and hit Guam. However, early on October 9, it turned to the west, passing about 45 km (28 mi) south of the island. Later that day, Tip reached typhoon strength.
As a result of certain weather conditions, Typhoon Tip quickly strengthened in the open waters of the western Pacific Ocean. Late on October 10, the typhoon reached Category 4 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, and the next day it became a "super typhoon". The central pressure dropped 92 mbar (hPa, 2.71 inHg) from October 9 to 11. During this time, the typhoon became extremely large, reaching a record diameter of 2,220 km (1,380 mi). The typhoon continued to gain strength, and early on October 12, Reconnaissance Aircraft recorded a worldwide record-low pressure of 870 mbar (hPa, 25.69 inHg). The typhoon had winds of 305 km/h (190 mph) while located about 840 km (520 mi) west-northwest of Guam. At the time, the typhoon's eye was only 15 km (9.3 mi) wide.
After hitting its peak strength, Tip weakened to a 230 km/h (145 mph) typhoon and stayed at that intensity for several days as it moved west-northwest. For five days, 55 km/h (35 mph) winds extended over 1,100 km (685 mi) from the center. On October 17, Tip began to weaken and get much smaller. The next day, it curved towards the northeast because of a nearby trough. After passing about 65 km (45 mi) east of Okinawa, it sped up and was then moving at 75 km/h (46 mph). On October 19, Tip made landfall on the Japanese island of Honshū with winds of about 130 km/h (80 mph). The typhoon continued moving rapidly northeastward through the country, and became an extratropical cyclone over northern Honshū. What was left of the cyclone kept moving northeastward and slowly lost strength. It was last observed near Alaska.
Impact.
The typhoon produced heavy rain while passing near Guam, including a total of 23.1 cm (9.09 in) an Air Force base. The outer rainbands of Tip dropped moderate rain in the mountains of the Philippines.
Heavy rainfall from the typhoon breached a wall used to stop flooding at Camp Fuji, a training camp for the United States Marine Corps near Yokosuka. Marines inside the camp during the storm stayed inside of huts near the bottom of a hill. On top of the hill was a fuel farm. The breach caused hoses to be torn from two rubber storage tanks, letting large amounts of fuel flow down the hill. The fuel was ignited by a heater used for warming a hut. This started a large fire which killed 13 Marines, hurt 68 others, and caused damage to the camp. The facility's barracks were destroyed, along with 15 huts and several other buildings. Firemen from nearby areas arrived within two hours. The barracks were rebuilt, and a memorial was created for those who lost their lives to the fire.
While passing offshore, Typhoon Tip came within 65 km (40 mi) of Okinawa. Sustained winds reached 72 km/h (44 mph), with gusts to 112 km/h (69 mph). Winds in mainland Japan are not fully known. The typhoon did many millions of dollars in damage to farming and fishing industries of the country. Eight ships were grounded or sunk by Tip, leaving 44 fishermen dead or missing. A Chinese freighter broke in half as a result of the typhoon. Its crew of 46 people was rescued. The rainfall led to over 600 mudslides across the mountains of the country flooded more than 22,000 homes. It is estimated that 42 people died, with another 71 missing and 283 hurt. Around 27 bridges were destroyed by the storm, as well as about 105 dikes. Following the storm, at least 11,000 people were left without a place to live. Transportation in the country was also affected; 200 trains and 160 domestic airline flights were canceled. Tip was called the most severe storm to strike Japan in 13 years.
Records and meteorological statistics.
Typhoon Tip was the largest tropical cyclone on record, with a diameter of 1,380 mi (2,220 km). This is almost double the previous record of 700 miles (1,130 km) set by Typhoon Marge in August of 1951. At its largest size, Tip was nearly as big as half of the United States. When Tip was at its peak strength, the temperature inside the eye of was 30° C (86° F), which is high for a tropical cyclone. Also, with 10-minute sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h), Typhoon Tip is the strongest cyclone in the list of tropical cyclones by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
The typhoon was also the most intense tropical cyclone in the world. It had a minimum a pressure of 870 mbar (hPa, 25.69 inHg), which is 6 mbar (hPa, 0.17 inHg) lower than previous record set by Typhoon June in 1975. The records set by Tip still exists, although because Reconnaissance Aircraft missions in the western Pacific Ocean stopped in August 1987, some people think there might be slightly stronger cyclones. Three researchers found that two typhoons, Angela in 1995 and Gay in 1992, had higher Dvorak numbers than Tip. They believe that one or both of the two may have been stronger than Typhoon Tip. Also, Cyclone Monica of 2006 was rated at 869 mb by Dvorak classifications, but this is not considered accurate data. Because of this, it is unknown if Tip still has the world record. Despite its record intensity and severe damage, the name Tip was not retired. It was then reused in 1983, 1986, and 1989. |
210170 | 51072 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210170 | Whittier, CA | |
210171 | 48755 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210171 | Clarinet history | |
210172 | 18907 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210172 | Millibar | |
210175 | 9041504 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210175 | Pohnpei | Pohnpei is one of the four states in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It is part of the Senyavin Islands group. Palikir is a city on Pohnpei. |
210180 | 1559632 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210180 | 1979 Pacific typhoon season | The 1979 Pacific typhoon season has no official limits; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December.
28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 23 became tropical storms. 14 storms reached typhoon intensity. Four of these reached "super typhoon" strength.
Storms.
Typhoon Alice.
Typhoon Alice began as a tropical disturbance on January 1. Alice then on the 9th started to turn northward and began to weaken. Alice then dissipated rapidly on January 14.
Super Typhoon Hope (Ising).
Typhoon Hope was a powerful typhoon that hit Hong Kong On August 2 killing 112.
Typhoon Sarah (Sisang-Uring).
Typhoon Sarah was a strong tropical cyclone that formed in the monsoon trough on October 4. Sarah then struck Vietnam causing many deaths and damage to crops.
Super Typhoon Tip (Warling).
Typhoon Tip was the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
Super Typhoon Vera (Yayang).
Typhoon Vera was the 2nd strongest typhoon in 1979, just behind Typhoon Tip.
1979 storm names.
Western North Pacific tropical cyclones were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The first storm of 1979 was named Alice and the final one was named Ben. The name Alice was retired after this season and replaced by Andy. |
210182 | 1623089 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210182 | Freighter | A cargo ship or freighter is any kind of ship that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers travel on the world's seas and oceans each year, and handle most international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially designed for a special task, often carrying tools like cranes to load and unload. They come in all sizes. |
210183 | 18907 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210183 | Cargo ship | |
210191 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210191 | Common scold | In the criminal common law of England and Wales, a common scold was a type of public nuisance. The term was applied to a woman who caused trouble and who disturbed the peace by arguing and fighting with her neighbours all the time. The Latin language name for this type of woman was "communis rixatrix". This name's grammar only applies to females. This makes it clear that only women could commit this type of crime.
When British people first went to the North America, they took this crime with them.
The crime was often punished by "ducking". Ducking meant that the offender was placed in a chair over a river or pond. They were then lowered into the water, until they were all in the water. This was done several times. Few people were actually convicted of being a common scold, but it remained a crime listed on the law books of England and Wales until 1967. Because it applied only to women, it was eventually banned in the United States. This was because the U.S. Constitution (the highest law in the U.S.) does not allow people to be treated differently from each other. This comes from a section of the Constitution called the Equal Protection Clause.
Crime and punishment.
In the "Commentaries on the Laws of England", William Blackstone says of this crime:
Lastly, a common scold, "communis rixatrix", (for our law-latin confines it to the feminine gender) is a public nuisance to her neighbourhood. For which offence she may be indicted; and, if convicted, shall be sentenced to be placed in a certain engine of correction called the trebucket, castigatory, or cucking stool, which in the Saxon language signifies the scolding stool; though now it is frequently corrupted into ducking stool, because the residue of the judgement is, that, when she is so placed therein, she shall be plunged in the water for her punishment.——Commentaries on the Laws of England, IV:13.5.8, p. *169
The common punishment for being a common scold was forcing the woman found guilty under water over and over. This was done using a piece of furniture called a "cucking stool". The cucking stool, according to Blackstone, later was called a "ducking stool".
Other writers disagree with Blackstone. They say that the cucking stool and the ducking stool are really two different types of punishment devices. The "Domesday Book" mentions the use of a cucking stool in the town of Chester. The stool was also known as "cathedra stercoris". This Latin word translates to "dung chair". It is thought that the punishment involved letting everyone see the punished woman's buttocks. This type of chair was used to punish not only common scolds, but also people who make beer (brewers) and bakers who sold bad beer or bread. Francois Maximilian Misson, a French traveler and writer, wrote down the way the ducking chair was used in England in the early 1700s:
"The way of punishing scolding women is pleasant enough. They fasten an armchair to the end of two beams twelve or fifteen feet long, and parallel to each other, so that these two pieces of wood with their two ends embrace the chair, which hangs between them by a sort of axle, by which means it plays freely, and always remains in the natural horizontal position in which a chair should be, that a person may sit conveniently in it, whether you raise it or let it down. They set up a post on the bank of a pond or river, and over this post they lay, almost in equilibrio, the two pieces of wood, at one end of which the chair hangs just over the water. They place the woman in this chair and so plunge her into the water as often as the sentence directs, in order to cool her immoderate heat."——Francois Maximilian Misson
The ducking stool was not always tied down to one spot next to a river or pond. Sometimes it had wheels on it. The woman found guilty would be taken through the streets before punishment was done. Another way of ducking was to use a device called a "tumbrel". The tubmrel was a chair on two wheels. It had two long shafts on its axles. The tumbrel would be pushed into the ducking pond and the shafts would be released. This would tip the chair up backwards, ducking the victim.
A scold's bridle was another punishment device. It was known in Scotland as a brank. A scold's bridle was a metal mask that locked around a person's head. For that reason it was sometimes called a "head cage". The scold's bridle had a tab that went into the victims mouth to make it difficult to talk. Some people say that common scolds had to wear a scold's bridle to stop them from scolding. Some say they were used only to punish. No legal source known mentions the use of scold's bridals to punish a common scold. However, some less formal sources do tell of scolds being punished with scold's bridles. In the United States, scolds, or people found guilty of similar crimes, were sometimes punished using a cleft stick. A cleft stick was similar to a scold's bride, but they were easier to make. The ducking stool was taken to the U.S. when British people went to live there during colonial times.
Historical prosecutions.
A piece of writing mounted on the Fye Bridge in Norwich, England says it marks the place where a "cucking" stool had been in place from 1562–1597. It also says that "strumpets" (prostitutes) and common scolds were ducked there. In the "Percy Anecdotes", published in 1820, the authors state that "How long the ducking-stool has been in disuse in England does not appear." The "Anecdotes" also suggest that the ducking stool stopped being used because it did not work well. The text talks about a Mrs. Finch. It says of her that in about 1681, she had been found guilty of being a common scold for a third time. Each time she was found guilty she was ducked. When she was found guilty "a fourth time", the King's Bench (a court) did not order her punished by ducking. Instead, they ordered her to pay a money fine and that she be imprisoned until she paid the fine.
The Percy miscellany also quotes a poem by John Gay (1685–1732), who wrote that:
and also a 1780 poem by Benjamin West, who wrote that:
These poems do not prove that the punishment took place at the time they were written. However, they do show that ducking had not been forgotten.
In a 1704 legal case called "The Queen v. Foxby", 6 Mod. 11, the lawyer for the person accused of being a scold said that he did not know of any law allowing the ducking of scolds. Lord Chief Justice John Holt (the person trying to have the judge find Foxby guilty) said this was not correct. He said that it was "better ducking in aTrinity, than a Michaelmas term", meaning it was better that a person be ducked in summer than in winter. The way he said it, however, suggests that he thought the punishment was an old custom and something of a joke. The last written record of stools being used for ducking involved a Mrs. Ganble at Plymouth in 1808, and one Jenny Pipes from Leominster (a town in Herefordshire) in 1809. In 1817, Sarah Leeke, also from Leominster, was sentenced to be ducked. However, the water in the pond was too low. The authorities instead wheeled her around the town in the ducking chair.
The common law of England—law made by court precedent, rather than through legislation—was adopted by the United States in its early days. The common law included the offence of being a common scold. In 1829, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania court found American writer and journalist Anne Royall guilty of being a common scold. Royall had objected to a firehouse, built with federal money, being used by a small church for their services. She thought this violated the U.S. Constitution's separation between church and state. The local clergymen campaigned to have her punished as a common scold. Hoping the court would sentence Royall to ducking, sailors at the Navy Yard built a ducking stool. However, the Pennsylvania court ruled that the punishment was not to be used any longer. They instead fined Royall ten dollars. In 1972, in the case of State v. Palendrano, 293 A.2d 747, New Jersey State prosecutors charged a woman with being a common scold for a disturbance she had caused. The New Jersey Superior Court ruled that the law was improper because of it was too vague.
Current status of the law.
In England and Wales, the only parts of the United Kingdom where the law was in use, no prosecutions of common scolds have occurred for a long time. The lawyers in Sykes v. Director of Public Prosecutions [1962] AC 528, described the offence as "obsolete". Section 13(1)(a) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 did away with it.
The offence of being a common scold has also become obsolete in the United States because only women could commit it. This was found to violate the U.S. Constitution's Equal Protection Clause. Many states have laws restricting public profanity, loud noise in public, and disorderly conduct. None of these laws have any punishment similar to those traditionally used for the common scold. |
210202 | 51072 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210202 | Rose Bowl (game) | |
210204 | 1669096 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210204 | Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum | The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is a sports stadium in Los Angeles, California. It was built in 1923. It has hosted many different sporting events. In 1932 and 1984, it hosted the track events and ceremonies of the Olympic Games.
In football, it used to be the stadium of the Chargers, Raiders and Rams before they moved to other cities. The University of Southern California, which is across the street, has played in the Coliseum for many years, and UCLA played there for several years as well. The Coliseum hosted two Super Bowls and 20 Pro Bowls, or NFL All-Star Games. On January 13, 2016, the Rams relocated back to Los Angeles. They played at the Coliseum until their new stadium was built in the 2020 season.
The Los Angeles Dodgers played in the Coliseum for four years before Dodger Stadium was built. While there, they won a World Series and set records for most people at a baseball game. |
210207 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210207 | John Miszuk | John Stanley Miszuk (born September 29, 1940 in Naliboki, Poland) is a retired Polish-born NHL ice hockey defenceman who played for numerous NHL teams.
Playing career.
Miszuk was born in a village in the present Belarus but at that time located in Poland. The family moved to Canada and grew up in Hamilton, Ontario where he began playing hockey in the Ontario Hockey League. After a season with the Hamilton Red Wings Miszuk turned professional joining the Detroit Red Wings organization.
After playing in the Western Hockey League and the American Hockey League Miszuk moved up to the National Hockey League with Detroit in 1963-64. At the end of that season he moved to the Chicago Blackhawks, but in the following three years he played only eight NHL games, spending most of his time in the minor leagues.
In the summer of 1967, Miszuk was chosen during NHL Expansion Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers, one of the six new franchises in the National Hockey League. With the Flyers he found a place in NHL and he played two full seasons and then moved on to the Minnesota North Stars.
He eventually moved to the World Hockey Association with the Michigan Stags. At the end of his career Miszuk returned again to the minor leagues, spending two seasons in the Pacific Hockey League before retiring from the competitive event. |
210211 | 51072 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210211 | Pasadena, CA | |
210212 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210212 | Roger Machado Marques | Roger Machado Marques (born 25 April 1975) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazil national team.
Club career statistics.
261||7||||||||||261||7
46||4||1||0||11||1||58||5
307||11||1||0||11||1||319||12
International career statistics.
!Total||1||0 |
210213 | 10422312 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210213 | Álvaro Saborío | Álvaro Alberto Saborío Chacón (; born 25 March 1982) is a Costa Rican professional footballer, who plays as a forward, who most recently played for Costa Rican side A.D. San Carlos. Saborío originally retired in 2017, but returned months later. He is perhaps best known for being an extremely strong forward on Championship Manager 5.
International career statistics.
!Total||59||19 |
210214 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210214 | Yoshiyuki Morisaki | Yoshiyuki Morisaki (born 20 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player. |
210216 | 966595 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210216 | SK Jugoslavija | S.K. Jugoslavija is a former football club which has played in Yugoslavia. |
210220 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210220 | Tomoaki Ōgami | Tomoaki Ōgami (born 7 June 1970) is a former Japanese football player.
Club career statistics.
148||0||7||0||19||0||174||0
148||0||7||0||19||0||174||0 |
210221 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210221 | Ryan Smith | Ryan Smith (born 10 November 1968) is an English football player. He plays for Kansas City Wizards.
Club career statistics.
73||1||6||0||10||0||0||0||89||1
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
73||1||6||0||10||0||0||0||89||1 |
210222 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210222 | Nigel Reo-Coker | Nigel Shola Andre Reo-Coker (born 14 May 1984) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder, as well as a football commentator and pundit for CBS Sports.
Honours.
West Ham United
Montreal Impact |
210226 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210226 | Baltazar (footballer, born 1959) | Baltazar Maria de Morais Júnior (born 17 July 1959) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.
Honours.
Club.
Grêmio
Flamengo
Porto
Goiás
International.
Brazil |
210227 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210227 | Rubén Paz | Rubén Paz (born 8 August 1959) is a former Uruguayan football player. He has played for Uruguay national team.
Career statistics.
Club career statistics.
44||10
6||0
128||29
25||1
203||40
Honours.
Peñarol
Internacional
Racing Club
Uruguay |
210228 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210228 | Nelson Luís Kerchner | Nelson Luís Kerchner (born December 31, 1962) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for the Brazilian national team.
Club career statistics.
152||1
86||16
238||17
International career statistics.
!Total||17||1 |
210273 | 10303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210273 | Jelckama | |
210274 | 10303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210274 | Wijard Jelckama | |
210275 | 10303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210275 | Grutte Wierd | |
210282 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210282 | Yokosuka, Kanagawa | is a city in Kanagawa, Japan. It is at the beginning of the Tokyo Bay in the Miura Peninsula. The city stretches across the peninsula to Sagami Bay.
It has been recognized as a core city since 2001. |
210283 | 9041509 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210283 | Chuuk State | Chuuk (formerly Truk, Ruk, Hogoleu, Torres, Ugulat, and Lugulus) is a group of islands island in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. It is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The other three are Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap. Chuuk has more people than any of the other FSM states. Geographically, Chuuk is also part of the larger Caroline Islands group. |
210284 | 693482 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210284 | Monsoon trough | The monsoon trough is part of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which extends into or through a monsoon circulation. It is shown on a weather map by a line showing the areas of lower barometric pressure. |
210287 | 18539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210287 | Syncytium | Syncytium is a living tissue where there are no complete cell walls (plants) or cell membranes (animals). Syncytia have cytoplasm and many nuclei, but are not divided into separate cells. |
210288 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=210288 | Syncytia | |
274707 | 10403685 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274707 | Larry Walters | Lawrence Richard Walters, nicknamed "Lawnchair Larry" or the "Lawn Chair Pilot", (April 19, 1949 – October 6, 1993) was an American truck driver. On 2 July 1982 he flew very high in the sky in a homemade aircraft. He called his flying machine "Inspiration I". It was made of an outdoor chair and 43 large balloons full of helium. Walters went up more than . He went from San Pedro, California into an area near Los Angeles International Airport that was only for airplanes. Many newspapers reported his flight and he became famous.
Balloon flight.
Origin of his plan.
Walters had always dreamed of flying. He was unable to become a pilot in the United States Air Force because he could not see well enough. Walters had first thought of using weather balloons to fly at age 13. He got the idea when he saw the balloons hanging from the ceiling of a military surplus store. Twenty years later he decided to try it. He planned to attach a few large balloons filled with helium to his lawnchair and then float above his backyard. He planned to stay about 30 feet\9 meters up in the air for several hours. He had a pellet gun to break some balloons and move back to the ground softly.
Preparation and launch.
In 1982, Walters and his girlfriend, Carol Van Deusen, bought 45 eight-foot weather balloons. They got helium tanks from California Toy Time Balloons. They used a fake letter from his employer, FilmFair Studios. It said the balloons were for a television commercial.
They went to the backyard of a home at 1633 W. 7th St. in San Pedro. Walters attached the balloons to his lawnchair and filled them with helium. He put on a parachute and used belts to hold himself in the chair. He took his pellet gun, a CB radio, sandwiches, cold beer, and a camera. His friends cut the rope that tied his lawn chair to his Jeep and Walters' lawnchair went up very quickly. Soon, he was 15,000 feet\4,572 meters up in the air.
During the flight.
At first, he was afraid to shoot any balloons. He thought he might change the way the chair pointed and fall out. He could not control which way he moved. He slowly passed over Long Beach and moved into the space where airplanes came into Long Beach Airport.
He used his CB radio to contact people on the ground. Some people made a recording of the conversation. Walters asked them to tell the airport what was happening. He also asked them to tell people he was OK.
After 45 minutes in the sky, he shot several balloons. Then he accidentally dropped his pellet gun. He went down slowly until cables hanging from the balloon got caught in an electrical power line. This caused a blackout in a Long Beach neighborhood for 20 minutes. Walters was able to climb to the ground.
After the flight.
Arrest.
The Long Beach Police Department was waiting for him. They arrested him immediately. A reporter asked Larry why he had done it. Walters said, "A man can't just sit around."
At first, Walters was fined US$4,000 for breaking U. S. Federal Aviation Regulations. Walters tried to have the fine cancelled. It was reduced to US$1,500.
Fame.
Walters received the top prize from the Bonehead Club of Dallas for his adventure. He was on television programs such as "The Tonight Show" and "Late Show with David Letterman". He got a special prize in 1993 at the Darwin Awards.
The TV show "MythBusters" made a flight like Walters had done. But they used a rope to keep the chair from going too high. One of the show's hosts went up about 30m. He went back down slowly by shooting balloons with a pellet gun.
Later years.
Larry gave the lawnchair from the flight to a boy named Jerry because the boy liked him. Later, Walters realized that was a mistake when the Smithsonian Institute asked him to donate it to its museum. Twenty years later, Jerry contacted Mark Barry. Barry is a pilot who wrote about Walters and made a website about his flight. The chair was still sitting in Jerry's garage and had some of the original ropes and water jugs.
Walters said that he had dreamed about flying this way for twenty years. And, that if he had not tried it, he would have become crazy. He did not think that reaching his goal in life would cause so much excitement or make so many people laugh.
After his flight, he quit his job as a truck driver. He was in a Timex print advertisement in the early '90s, He also gave speeches to help people get more confidence. But, he never made much money from being famous. Walters hiked in the San Gabriel Mountains and did volunteer work for the United States Forest Service. He broke up with his girlfriend after 15 years. He worked as a security guard sometimes.
In 1993, Walters shot himself in the heart in Angeles National Forest and died. He was 44 years old.
Other lawnchair balloonists.
Kent Couch is a gas station owner from Bend, Oregon. He flew 240 miles in his lawn chair on Saturday, 7 July 2007. He landed in a field about 3½ miles NNW of North Powder, Oregon near Idaho. He travelled an average of 22 miles per hour. He tied 105 large helium balloons to his lawn chair. Couch used plastic bags filled with 75 liters water as weight to balance the balloons. Couch had a BB gun to shoot the balloons and start going down on that first flight. He tried again and learned how to let helium out of the balloons and go down more carefully. On 5 July 2008, Couch finally reached his goal. He travelled to another state and landed his lawnchair in western Idaho. The trip was 240 miles and took 9 hours and 12 minutes.
On 20 April 2008 a Brazilian Roman Catholic priest Adelir Antonio de Carli flew using a chair and 1000 helium balloons. He did not check the weather forecast and got caught in a storm. He had a GPS but did not know how to use it. He crashed into the sea. The Brazilian navy found his body near an offshore oil platform on 4 July 2008. This unsuccessful flight won him a 2008 Darwin Award.
Many other people have tried flying with balloons the same way. Some may even have gone higher than Larry did. |
274711 | 1396217 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274711 | Upper Jurassic | The Upper Jurassic is the last geological epoch in the Jurassic that began 163.5 million years ago (mya), and ended at 145 mya. It was followed by the Lower Cretaceous.
Paleogeography.
During the Upper Jurassic epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean. However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow.
Sea level was high, though not so high as during the Upper Cretaceous. The Laurasian landmass was broken up by the rising sea into large islands. The rocks were carbonate limestones and clays. The epoch included the famous Solnhofen limestone lagerstätte, where "Archaeopteryx" was found.
Organic productivity.
The Upper Jurassic of England and Europe bears a huge amount of the products of life. The Kimmeridge clay is the main source for the huge North Sea oil reserves, and the whole epoch is stuffed full of marine fossils. Many dinosaur remains have also been found. The epoch starts with the Oxford Clay deposited in a shallow seaway of 10 to 50 metres depth.
The first fossils which show small dinosaurs with feathers are found: "Anchiornis". |
274712 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274712 | Late Jurassic | |
274717 | 40158 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274717 | K1a1 | |
274722 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274722 | Mercurous sulfate | |
274723 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274723 | Mercury sulfate | Mercury sulfate can mean either of these chemical compounds: |
274724 | 1604351 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274724 | Mercury(II) sulfate | Mercury(II) sulfate, also known as mercuric sulfate, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is HgSO4. It has mercury and sulfate ions in it. The mercury is in its +2 oxidation state.
Properties.
Mercury(II) sulfate is a colorless solid. It reacts with hot water to make sulfuric acid and a mercury oxysulfate that does not dissolve. It is an oxidizing agent.
Preparation.
Mercury(II) sulfate is made by dissolving a small amount of mercury metal in concentrated sulfuric acid. It can also be made by reacting mercury(II) oxide with sulfuric acid.
Uses.
Mercury(II) sulfate is used as a catalyst in making acetaldehyde. Some byproducts of this reaction that have mercury in them are thought to have poisoned many people in Japan (Minamata disease). |
274725 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274725 | Mercuric sulfate | |
274726 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274726 | Mercurous sulphate | |
274727 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274727 | Mercury(I) sulphate | |
274728 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274728 | Mercury(II) sulphate | |
274729 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274729 | Mercuric sulphate | |
274732 | 1570152 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274732 | Alois Hitler |
Alois Hitler (born Alois Schicklgruber, 7 June 1837 3 January 1903) was the father of Adolf Hitler. He was born in Waldviertel. His third marriage, from 1883 until his death, was to Adolf's mother, Klara who was also his niece. He was an Austrian customs official.
Personal life.
He retired to a farm in 1895 and he was a beekeeper. He died of a stroke in Linz aged 65. In 1879 he changed his name from Alois Schicklgruber to Alois Hitler. |
274734 | 111904 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274734 | Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765) | |
274737 | 127811 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274737 | Internet Explorer 6 | |
274738 | 127811 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274738 | Internet Explorer 5 | |
274739 | 127811 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=274739 | Internet Explorer 9 |
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