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1089380
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9890365
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089380
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Grace O'Malley
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Gráinne O'Malley, also known as Grace O'Malley or "The Pirate Queen" ("citation needed)", was a pirate from Ireland who lived from around 1530 to about 1603. She hailed from the Ó Máille dynasty in the western part of Ireland, and her father was .
After her father's death, she married Dónal an Chogaidh Ó , which added to her wealth and influence. She owned a significant number of cows and horses.
In 1593, when English soldiers captured her sons and half-brother, Gráinne sailed to England to seek Queen Elizabeth I's help in getting them released.
Gráinne's life story mostly comes from English sources, as she isn't mentioned much in Irish records. However, in Irish folklore, she's known as Gráinne Mhaol or Gráinne Ní Mháille, and is celebrated as a significant figure in Irish history.
During Gráinne's lifetime, Ireland was undergoing significant changes due to increase in English control.
Gráinne's legacy is told through songs, stories, plays, and landmarks inspired by her life. Today, she's considered to be a symbol of female empowerment and strength; fighting for her and her people's freedom, and challenging authority.
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1089399
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1061539
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089399
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Red High Heels
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1089405
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1338660
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089405
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Gabe Serbian
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Gabriel Serbian was an American drummer, guitarist and vocalist. He became famous for his work in The Locust, Cattle Decapitation, Holy Molar and Zu. He was also a member of Head Wound City, a hardcore/punk rock supergroup.
Serbian died on April 30, 2022, the day before his 45th birthday.
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1089408
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9401154
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089408
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Gasterosteidae
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1089415
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089415
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American modern architecture
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American modern architecture was a movement or style that occurred in the United States approximately between the 1890s and the 1980s.
Terminology.
Disambiguation and diversity of terms.
The term refers to the buildings and architects of modernism or modern architecture in English, which had nothing to do with the meaning of the term (linked to "Art Nouveau") in the Iberian Peninsula, before the World War II, what is called in English "modernisme".
In some romance languages, such as Brazilian Portuguese, the term modernismo or arquitetura moderna is similar to its meaning in English.
The modern movement or international style does not have a homogeneous name in all countries and languages. In many, the term ""International" "Style"" is used.
A synonymous term is "“Modern Movement”", from the book "Pioneers of Modern Movement from William Morris to Walter Gropius" (1936), by Nikolaus Pevsner.
Origin.
The word "modernism" comes from a book by Hitchcock and Johnson. They were the first to group and define the style of "modernism" globally, focusing on its design aspects. The International Style's main ideas are part of the larger modern movement.
Features and steps.
Modern architecture uses new building technologies like glass, steel and reinforced concrete.
It believes that a building's shape should be based on its purpose (functionalism), prefers simplicity, and often avoids decoration and ornament (minimalism).
First decades (1890–1914). Wright's example.
Frank Lloyd Wright was a unique and independent US architect who did not follow any specific architectural group. He learned from Louis Sullivan in Chicago, who developed early skyscrapers and believed in designing buildings based on their purpose. Wright broke traditional design rules, creating famous "Prairie Houses" with simple, earthy designs and horizontal lines, reflecting the vast American prairie. His buildings, like the Larkin Building and Unity Temple, were innovative and did not mimic past styles.
First skyscrapers.
In the late 1800s, the US saw its first skyscrapers, built due to limited land and new technology like steel frames and safer elevators.
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, completed in 1883, was the world's first and briefly tallest skyscraper.
Early skyscrapers mixed modern structures with traditional decorations. The Woolworth Building, finished in 1912, was notable for its modern design and neo-Gothic exterior.
Architecture at this time was eclectic, often not reflecting the new technologies available.
1920 to 1940.
Wright, Schlinder and Neutra.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Wright created an architectural style, separate from any movement. He experimented with houses inspired by Mayan civilization and modular homes. Wright called his design "Usonian," aiming for an ideal, organic community. The Great Depression impacted his work, limiting him to few projects like Fallingwater, blending architecture with nature.
Meanwhile, architects like Rudolph Schindler and Richard Neutra brought modernist designs to America, contributing significant works like the Lovell Beach House and Kaufmann Desert House.
In the 1930s, fleeing the Nazis after the closure of the Bauhaus, architects and artists such as Mies van der Rohe, Moholy-Nagy, and others went to US, founded the "New Bauhaus" in Chicago and taught at several university centers, such as Black Mountain College.
From the post-war period in the 1940s to the 1980s.
The International Style started in Europe with the Bauhaus in the late 1920s. By 1932, it was officially recognized and named by Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. Originally, it aimed to combine craftsmanship and architecture, but later focused more on using materials like glass and concrete, leading to the construction of many skyscrapers.
Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, Mies van der Rohe.
Walter Gropius founded the Bauhaus and later moved to the US, influencing architecture at Harvard with Marcel Breuer. Their work and teaching, especially with students like I.M. Pei and Philip Johnson, shaped modern architecture.
Gropius's notable projects include the Harvard Graduate School of Design and the Pan American Airways headquarters.
Mies van der Rohe, another key figure, advanced modern architecture in Chicago, creating iconic buildings like the Farnsworth House and the Seagram Building. As director of the school of architecture at what is now the Illinois Institute of Technology influenced architects like Philip Johnson and Eero Saarinen.
Richard Neutra and Charles and Ray Eames.
Richard Neutra and Eames couple were key in bringing the new architectural style to US homes.
The Eames House, their most famous work, showcases Japanese influences with its simple, natural materials and steel structure.
Neutra's work in Los Angeles emphasized the transition between indoors and outdoors through glass walls. His Constance Perkins House used affordable materials and was designed with the owner's stature in mind, featuring a unique reflecting pool.
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison.
Many of the notable modern buildings of the post-war years were produced by two mega-architectural agencies.
The company Skidmore, Owings & Merrill was founded in Chicago in 1936 by Louis Skidmore and Nathaniel Owings, and joined in 1939 by engineer John Merrill, soon becoming SOM. His first major project was the "Oak Ridge National Laboratory" in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, the gigantic government facility that produced plutonium for the first nuclear weapons. The company's later buildings include Yale University 's Beinecke Library (1963), the Willis Tower, formerly "the Sears Tower" in Chicago (1973), and One World Trade Center in New York (2013), which replaced the building destroyed in September 11, 2001.
Wallace Harrison played an important role in the history of modern New York architecture; he helped design Rockefeller Center, the premier "Art Deco" architectural project of the 1930s. He was supervising architect of the 1939-40 New York World's Fair and, with his partner Max Abramowitz, was the builder of the UN headquarters; Harrison led a committee of international architects, which included Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier.
Wright's last works.
Wright was 80 in 1947; he was present at the beginnings of modern American architecture and influenced it, but never aligning with any movement. His notable last work includes the Florida Southern College campus, completed between 1941 and 1943, featuring nine buildings known as "The Child of the Sun." Wright aimed for the campus to symbolize growth and harmony with nature.
Frank Lloyd Wright designed other notable projects in the 1940s, including the Johnson Wax headquarters and Bartlesville Tower, featuring a unique structure with a central core. He adapted a New York City apartment building design for Oklahoma, emphasizing its stand-alone feature in a less crowded setting. Wright's innovative approach also led to the design of the Guggenheim Museum, a revolutionary spiral ramp museum, started in 1946 and completed in 1959, the year he passed away. His work influenced architecture locally and internationally, with others (like Fred Bassetti) following the international style.
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1089416
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1545210
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089416
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Digital Counters
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A digital counter is an electronic device that keeps track of how many times something happens. It is a special counting tool that works with electrical signals instead of fingers or beads.
Imagine a machine that fills bottles with juice. A digital counter could be used to count the number of bottles filled. Each time a bottle is filled, the counter would increase by one.
Types of Counters.
The two main types are synchronous and asynchronous.
Uses of Digital Counters.
* Computers (keeping track of instructions)
* TVs (changing channels)
* Washing machines (setting timers)
* Cars (measuring speed)
In short, digital counters are a fundamental part of many electronic devices, helping them keep track of events and processes.
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1089425
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314522
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089425
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Right to Buy
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The Housing Act 1980 gave tenants in the United Kingdom the Right to Buy their home at a large discount. Gerald Kaufman, then in the Labour Party Shadow Cabinet and a former Environment Minister himself, said the Act would "not provide a single new home and [would] deprive many homeless people or families living in tower blocks from getting suitable accommodation".
More than 2 million homes had been bought by 2024. Very few homes to rent had been built to replace them.
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1089430
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089430
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Orange Polska
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Orange Polska (formerly Telekomunikacja Polska) is a Polish telecommunications provider established in December 1991. It is a public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by Orange S.A., which controls over 50%. It operates public telephones, ISDN, GSM 900/1800 network (+ 3G , 4G and 5G ), ADSL, IDSL, fibre Internet, ATM and Inmarsat.
History.
Telekomunikacja Polska was started in December 1991 as a joint stock company under the control of the State Treasury, following the split-up of the communist era state-owned Polska Poczta, Telegraf i Telefon. On 1 January 1992, the company began operations under the name of 'TP SA'. The company changed its ownership structure in 1998 and began trading on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2000. In the same year, the Treasury sold a 35% stake in TPSA to a consortium of France Télécom and Kulczyk Holding, with the consortium increasing its stake by a further 12.5% in 2001.
On 21 December 2007, TP SA was fined PLN 75 million (approximately EUR 20.7 million) by the for discriminating against its competitors on the internet services market.
It was fully privatised in May 2010.
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1089431
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9405147
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089431
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Ellimmichthyiformes
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Ellimmichthyiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Lower Cretaceous to the Oligocene. It is related to the order Clupeiformes. They are also known as double-armored herrings.
This lineage was ultimately demolished by the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The last genus, "Guiclupea", was a freshwater fish. It was also the youngest of them all.
Description.
The ellimmichthyiforms were small and most genera did not exceed 10 cm. One of the most famous and well-known genera was "Diplomystus". Some of the representatives had strange shapes. For example, "Rhombichthys" had a deep body.
Notable genera.
"Diplomystus".
"Diplomystus" is possibly the most famous genus of the Ellimmichthyiformes. It was a freshwater fish. It had seven species.
"Rhombichthys".
"Rhombichthys" was a bizarre-looking fish. It had a very deep body because of its high dorsal fin.
"Armigatus".
"Armigatus" lived during the Cretaceous. It means "bearer of armor". It did not exceed 10 cm in length.
"Gasteroclupea".
"Gasteroclupea" resembled a fish of the genus "Pristigaster". This was mainly due to convergent evolution, so it is not related to "Pristigaster".
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1089436
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10464770
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089436
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Climate of Belgium
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Belgium is a small country located in Europe, it has a mostly continental climate, especially in the Belgian Ardennes. However the Belgian coast experiences an oceanic climate.
Weather records.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was on 25 July 2019 in Begijnendijk.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Belgium was on 20 January 1940 in Rochefort.
The highest 24-hour precipitation sum recorded in Belgium was 179 millimeters on 14 July 2021 in Stavelot.
The highest wind gust ever recorded in Belgium was on 25 January 1990 in Beauvechain.
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1089438
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1171648
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089438
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Sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury
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A Sole-shareholder company of the State Treasury is a company established in Poland. These companies were set up to commercialize the state-owned businesses after the end of communism in Poland.
The assets of the state-owned enterprise became the assets of the company, and the sum of the company's share capital and supplementary capital is equal to the funds of the state-owned enterprise. Employees of a commercialized enterprise became, by law, employees of the company. Employees of an enterprise transformed into a joint-stock company had the right to acquire 15% of shares owned by the State Treasury free of charge. The same privilege applies to suppliers of raw materials to the company.
A significant number of state-owned companies inherited from the Polish People's Republic are criticized as unprofitable and encouraging nepotism and the extortion of public money .
In 2012, there were 223 companies in which the rights from shares were exercised by the Minister of the Treasury.
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1089441
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10451909
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089441
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Free area of the Republic of China
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The Free Area of the Republic of China or simply Taiwan Area is the term used to refer to territories that are not under the control of the People's Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.
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1089444
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9401441
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089444
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Best of Bee Gees, Volume 2
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1089445
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9401443
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089445
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Bee Gees Gold
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1089446
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314522
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089446
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Government of Poland
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The Government of Poland is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. It has been called semi-presidential.
It is a multi-party system, where the president and the Government, which consists of the Council of Ministers is led by the prime minister. Its members are mostly chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the "Sejm". The government is formally announced by the president after an election, and must pass a motion of confidence in the "Sejm" within two weeks.
Legislative power is in the two chambers of parliament, "Sejm" and Senate. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation. Non-ethnic-minority parties must gain at least 5% of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliamentary elections are at least every four years.
The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces. They have the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, which may be overridden by a majority of three fifths. They can dissolve the parliament under certain conditions. Presidential elections are every five years. When a majority of voters support the same candidate, that candidate is declared the winner, while when there is no majority, the top two candidates participate in a runoff election.
The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.
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986092
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089447
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Turner's Syndrome
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1089452
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1275011
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089452
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Aleksander Lukashenko
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1089458
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1507082
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089458
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William J. Rapaport
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William J. Rapaport is a philosopher who is an Associate Professor Emeritus of the University at Buffalo.
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1089463
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1338660
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089463
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U.S. Route 20 in New York
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1089474
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089474
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Buzz (mascot)
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Buzz is the current mascot of the Georgia Institute of Technology.
He is portrayed as a Yellow Jacket with yellow-and-black stripes, wearing white gloves, and converse shoes.
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1089477
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9401798
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089477
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Shotgun (George Ezra song)
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"Shotgun" is a 2018 song by George Ezra and is the third single from his second studio album "Staying at Tamara's". It topped the single charts in Australia, Belgium, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It went to number 2 in Denmark, number 3 in Israel and the Netherlands, number 4 in Austria and Switzerland and number 12 in Germany.
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1089478
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9401812
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089478
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New Cambria, Missouri
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New Cambria is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States.
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1089479
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1275011
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089479
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Menstrual period
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1089484
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5295
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089484
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Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)
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The Democratic Left Alliance was a social-democratic political party in Poland. It was formed on 9 July 1991 as an electoral alliance of centre-left parties. It became a single party on 15 April 1999. It was the major coalition party in Poland between 1993 and 1997, and between 2001 and 2005, with four Prime ministers coming from the party: Józef Oleksy, Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Leszek Miller and Marek Belka. It then faded into opposition, overshadowed by the rise of Civic Platform and Law and Justice.
In February 2020, the party initiated a process to absorb the Spring party, choosing the name New Left (), and changing to a more modern logo.
The party was a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance.
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1089485
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1464674
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089485
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Abortion in France
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Abortion in France is legal when asked for until 14 weeks after conception, which is 16 weeks after the pregnant woman's last menstrual period). Abortions at later stages of pregnancy up until birth are allowed if two physicians agree that the abortion will be done to prevent harm to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman or a risk to the life of the pregnant woman, or that the child will have a very bad illness that has no cure.
21st century changes.
Several reforms happened in the 21st century, making access to abortion easier. The ten-week limit was extended to fourteen weeks in 2022. Since 2001, minors do not need parental consent. A pregnant girl under the age of 18 can ask for an abortion without asking her parents first if she is brought to the clinic by an adult that she chose. That adult must not tell her parents or anyone else about the abortion.
After the United States Supreme Court's ruling in "Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization", Mathilde Panot, French MP and President of the La France insoumise parliamentary group, submitted a bill to the French National Assembly. It was made to protect the right to a safe abortion for women in the French Constitution. It passed on a 337–32 vote on 24 November 2023. In January 2024, the National Assembly voted in favor of the constitutional amendment 433-30. For the amendment to be added to the constitution, it then passed through the Senate by a 267-50 vote in February.
On 4 March 2024, Parliament amended Article 34 in a 780 to 72 vote. This amendment made France, as of when the amendment passed, the only nation to guarantee the right to an abortion in the constitution. The amendment describes abortion as a "guaranteed freedom".
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1089490
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9401891
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089490
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South Gifford, Missouri
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South Gifford is a village in Macon County, Missouri, United States.
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1089494
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089494
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Polish United Workers' Party
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The Polish United Workers' Party, (PZPR), was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. It was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism, with a strong emphasis on left-wing nationalism. It had total control over public institutions in the country as well as the Polish People's Army, the Ministry of Public Security, the Citizens' Militia police force and the media.
The falsified 1947 Polish legislative election granted the Communist Polish Workers' Party complete political authority in post-war Poland. The PZPR was founded in December 1948 by joining it to the Polish Socialist Party. From 1952 onward, the position of "First Secretary" of the Polish United Workers' Party was really Poland's head of state. Throughout its existence it was very close to ideologically-similar parties of the Eastern Bloc, like the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Between 1948 and 1954, nearly 1.5 million people were Polish United Workers' Party members, and membership rose to 3 million by 1980.
The party's main aim was to impose socialist agenda into Polish society. The communist government sought to improve the living standards of the proletariat, make education and healthcare available to all, establish a centralized planned economy, nationalize all institutions and provide internal or external security with a strong armed force. Some ideas imported from abroad, such as large-scale collective farming and secularization, failed in their early stages. The PZPR was more liberal and pro-Western than its counterparts in East Germany or the Soviet Union, and was more averse to radical politics. Although propaganda was used in major media outlets like "Trybuna Ludu" () and televised "Dziennik" ('Journal'), censorship stopped working by the mid-1980s and was gradually abolished. The Polish United Worker's Party was responsible for the brutal pacification of civil resistance and protesters in the Poznań protests of 1956, the 1970 Polish protests and throughout martial law between 1981 and 1983. It started a bitter anti-Semitic campaign during the 1968 Polish political crisis, which forced most of the last of Poland's Jews to emigrate.
In 1980 the Solidarity movement emerged as a major anti-bureaucratic social movement that pursued social change. With communist rule being relaxed in neighbouring countries, the PZPR lost support and was forced to negotiate with the opposition and adhere to the Polish Round Table Agreement, which permitted free democratic elections. The elections on 4 June 1989 proved victorious for Solidarity, bringing 40-year communist rule in Poland to an end. The Polish United Workers' Party was dissolved in January 1990.
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9967386
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089495
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List of countries by income equality
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This is a list of countries sorted by income inequality metrics, such as Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1. If the number was 0, everyone in the country would be equal. If the number was 1, a country would be unequal, with one person having all the income. No country has a score of 0 or 1.
OECD countries.
Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers.
Source:
Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers.
Source:
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508885
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089504
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Leptomantis cyanopunctatus
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The blue-spotted bush frog or blue-spotted tree frog ("Leptomantis cyanopunctatus") is a frog. It lives in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Singapore. Scientists think it could also live in Brunei. People have seen it between 0 and 600 meters above sea level.
People have seen this frog in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that have been cut down and grown back. The forests grow in swamps, on flat ground, and up hills. Male frogs sit on plants 2.5 meters above the ground near streams and call for the females. Scientists believe that the female frog lays eggs in streams.
Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. The frog may be in some danger because human beings cut down the forests where it lives. Some of the places the frog lives are protected parks.
Sometimes people catch this frog for medical research.
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508885
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089505
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Blue-spotted tree frog
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1089506
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089506
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Islamic University of Gaza
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The Islamic University of Gaza (), also known as IUG and IU Gaza, is an independent Palestinian university. It was founded in 1978 in Gaza City. It was the first university to be founded in the Gaza Strip. The university has 11 faculties that can award BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MD, PhD, diplomas and higher diplomas. It also has 20 research centers and the affiliated Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital.
The Islamic University of Gaza is a member of twelve regional and international associations and networks of higher education. These include the International Association of Universities (IAU), Mediterranean Universities Union (UNIMED), Association of Arab Universities (AAU), Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World (FUIW), Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Academic Network (BSEMAN), and the Global University Network for Innovation-GUNi.
The Islamic University was damaged in airstrikes during the 2008–2009 Gaza war, the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, and the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. In December 2023, Professor Sufyan Tayeh, the University's president, was killed in an Israeli airstrike on Jabalia refugee camp. His family also died in the airstrike.
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1089507
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089507
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Polish People's Army
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The Polish People's Army was the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East in 1943–1945, and in 1945–1989 the armed forces of the Polish communist state, the Polish People's Republic. It was under the command of the Polish Workers' Party and then the Polish United Workers' Party. The communist-led Polish armed forces, allowed by Joseph Stalin, were the result of efforts made in the early 1940s in the Soviet Union by Wanda Wasilewska and Zygmunt Berling.
During World War II, two armies of the Polish Army were formed, which included 10 infantry divisions, 5 armored brigades, a cavalry brigade, 2 sappers' brigades, 3 divisions and several artillery brigades and smaller units, as well as 4 aviation divisions. At the end of 1944, there were about 180,000. people.
After the war the Polish Army was reorganized into six (later seven) military districts. These were the Warsaw Military District, the Lublin Military District, the Kraków Military District, the Łódź Military District, the Poznań Military District, the Pomeranian Military District, HQ in Toruń, and the Silesian Military District, HQ in Katowice.
On 7 October 1950, the anniversary of the Battle of Lenino was declared the official "Day of the Polish People's Army" by the authorities of the People's Republic.
In 1955, Poland joined the Warsaw Pact military alliance , which was created in response to the inclusion of the Federal Republic of Germany in the NATO alliance. The agreement was signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw.
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089508
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Council of Ministers (Poland)
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The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland is the collective executive decision-making body of the Polish government. The cabinet is the Prime Minister, also known as the President of the Council of Ministers, the Deputy Prime Minister, who acts as a vice-chairman of the council, and other ministers. The current powers and procedures of the cabinet are in Articles 146 to 162 of the constitution.
See also Ministries of Poland
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1089509
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089509
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Musquiqui Chihying
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Musquiqui Chihying (born 1985 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese visual artist and experimental filmmaker who resides in Taipei and Berlin. He often employs media such as sound, music, and moving images to construct a narrative vocabulary, offering alternative perspectives on the interconnectedness of human condition and ecological environments.
Work.
Chihying film works have been screened at various film festival, including Rotterdam Film Festival in the Netherlands, Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival, and many more. He is a member of the Taiwanese art group Fuxinghen Studio and leads the Research Lab of Image and Sound (RLIS), focusing on media technology and image politics research. Chihying has also developed the special historical circumstances of ethic and technological exchange between the African, Asian, and Afrasian Sea.
Awards.
In 2019, he received the LOOP Video Art Award from the Han Nefkens Foundation and the Joan Miró Foundation in Spain. In 2023, he was awarded the Tung Chung Prize by the Hong Foundation in Taiwan. He was also nominated for the Berlin Art Prize in Germany.
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1089510
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1032643
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089510
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Schwende-Rüte
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Schwende-Rüte is a district in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden in Switzerland. It was created on 1 May 2022 from the former districts of Rüte and Schwende.
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1089512
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9402042
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089512
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Bernhardsthal
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Bernhardsthal is a municipality in Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. The Lake Bernhardsthal is in the municipality.
The municipality has three villages (population):
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1089513
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9402043
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089513
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Bockfließ
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Bockfließ is a municipality in Mistelbach in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
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1089515
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089515
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Ministries of Poland
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The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions for the Polish government. Each ministry is headed by a government minister selected by the Prime Minister, who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers. The powers and rules of the ministries were established under reforms carried out by prime ministers Józef Oleksy and Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz between 1996 and 1997. The cabinet can create, combine, or dissolve ministries, with the Prime Minister determining the scope and responsibilities of ministers. The number and titles of ministries varies.
At the end of 1991, after the first free legislative election was held, these were the ministries and offices with the rights of ministries in Poland:
There are also independent government institutions outside of the cabinet's responsibilities.
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1089517
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1343687
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089517
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José Núñez de Cáceres
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Jose Nunez de Caceres (14 March 1772 – 11 September 1846) was President of Spanish Haiti from 1 December 1821 to 9 February 1822. Nunez de Caceres was the architect of the short-lived independent state of Spanish Haiti (now the Dominican Republic), which was annexed by Haiti after two months.
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1089518
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089518
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European Green Party
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The European Green Party, also referred to as European Greens, is the European political party that represents national parties from across Europe who share Green values. The European Greens work closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance parliamentary group in the European parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens, the Green European Foundation and the Global Greens.
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1089519
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089519
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Aspic
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Aspic or meat jelly () is a savory gelatin made with a meat stock or broth, set in a mold to cover other ingredients. These often include pieces of meat, seafood, vegetable, or eggs. Aspic is also sometimes referred to as "aspic gelée" or "aspic jelly". In its simplest form, aspic is essentially a gelatinous version of conventional soup.
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1089521
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1338660
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089521
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Francisco García Salinas
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Francisco García Salinas ("b." 1786; "d."1841), Mexican cabinet minister and governor of the state of Zacatecas. García was born on a hacienda in the state of Zacatecas.
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1089522
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1566408
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089522
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Wide Boy (song)
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"Wide Boy" is a 1985 song by English singer-songwriter Nik Kershaw and is the second single from his second studio album "The Riddle". It went to number 9 in the United Kingdom, number 5 in Ireland, number 21 in New Zealand, number 27 in South Africa and number 7 in Australia.
Track listings.
7" single (WEA NIK 7)
A. "Wide Boy" (Remix) – 3:19
B. "So Quiet" – 3:12
12" single (WEA NIKT 7)
A. "Wide Boy" (Extended Mix) – 5:07
B1. "Shame on You" (Remix) – 3:39
B2. "So Quiet" – 3:07
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1089523
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089523
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Pulse (legume)
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1089525
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1338660
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089525
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Area codes
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1089529
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1566408
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089529
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Enola Gay (song)
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"Enola Gay" is a 1980 song by British band Orchestal Manoeuvres in the Dark and was the only single from their second studio album "Organisation". It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Spain, Portugal and Italy, number 14 in Ireland, number 31 in New Zealand, number 6 in France and number 47 in Australia.
Track listing.
1980 original release.
The 12" single contained the same tracks as on the 7".
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1089534
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10100249
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089534
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Fedayeen
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Fedayeen is a Arabic word that used by members of militant groups who are willing to martyr themselves for a goal. The word literally means "those who sacrifice themselves" but is more commonly translated as "self-sacrificers".
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1089539
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1389678
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089539
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Buffalo chicken
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1089540
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9402381
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089540
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We Work the Black Seam
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"We Work the Black Seam" is a 1986 song by Sting and is the sixth single from his debut studio album "The Dream of the Blue Turtles". It was released as a single in Germany, New Zealand and Australia. The song expresses about the miners strike in the United Kingdom in 1984 and 1985.
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1089542
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9474702
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089542
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Mustafa IV
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Mustafa IV (; ; 8 September 1779 – 16 November 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1808.
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1089545
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089545
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Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm
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Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, commonly known as Phan Rang, is a city in Vietnam and the capital of Ninh Thuận Province.
History.
What is now Phan Rang was formerly known as Panduranga, a principality of Champa kingdom.
Geography.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is located in the center of Ninh Thuận province, 1,380 km south of Hanoi, 330 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City, 95 km south of Nha Trang.
Administration.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city is divided into 13 commune-level administrative units, including 12 wards and 1 commune
Culture.
Cham.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm city has become a center for the maintenance of Cham culture. Much of the district is occupied by Cham people where they have rice paddies, orchards of grapes and peaches, flocks of goats and Brahman cattle.Their towers (the 'Thap') are beautiful memorials to their kings and queens. There are several Cham sites with dilapidated towers along the central coast of Vietnam and major sites in Mỹ Sơn and Nha Trang.
Transport.
Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm is located at the junction of National Routes 1A and 27; the former connects the town to Hanoi towards the north and Ho Chi Minh City to the south-west, while the latter crosses into the Central Highlands towards Buôn Ma Thuột.
The city is also connected to the North–South Railway at Tháp Chàm Railway Station; express passenger trains (SE1/2, SE5/6) stop regularly at the station.
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1089546
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22027
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089546
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Kansas City (Leiber and Stoller song)
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"Kansas City" is a 1952 R&B song by Little Willie Littlefield and was first recorded as K. C. Loving, the song later became a hit in 1959 as a blues track by Wilbert Harrison. It is one of the best songs by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.
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1089549
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1391867
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089549
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Finnmarksløpet 2024
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Finnmarksløpet 2024 are three dog sled races in Norway's northernmost county. They started in Alta, Finnmark in March 2024. All the races have winners.
"FL1200".
"FL1200" is Europe's longest sled dog race; It started on March 8, 2024. Teams started with 14 sled dogs.
Checkpoints and other places in the race,
Length of different legs of the trip,
"FL600" and "FL-junior".
Other checkpoints are
The track is 570 km long. The race started on March 9. The winner is Ronny Wingren from Finland. The race ended on March 15, several days after the race had its winner.
Sources.
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1089550
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9402504
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089550
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The Narcissist (song)
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"The Narcissist" is a 2023 song by Blur and is the leading single from their ninth studio album "The Ballad of Darren". It went to number 81 in the United Kingdom, number 33 on the Top 40 hot singles chart in New Zealand and number 34 on the Billboard Rock Airplay. It was their first single since 2015.
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1089565
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1266141
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089565
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Airbus A380-800
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1089572
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9402610
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089572
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Greatest (Bee Gees album)
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1089574
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9402639
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089574
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Sing Our Own Song
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"Sing Our Own Song" is a 1986 song by English band UB40 and is the ninth and final track from their seventh studio album "Rat in the Kitchen". It went to number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in the Netherlands, number 7 in New Zealand and Belgium, number 76 in Australia and number 4 in Ireland. It was heavily censored in South Africa.
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1089580
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9402706
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089580
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School (Supertramp song)
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"School" is a song by English rock band Supertramp and is the opening track from their third studio album "Crime of the Century". It was released as a single in 1983 and went to number 27 in the Netherlands.
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1089581
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10461220
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089581
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Nueve de Julio, Buenos Aires
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Nueve de Julio is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In 2010, 36,494 people lived there.
The Nueve de Julio Airport is in the city.
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1089582
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9402724
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089582
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Berghaupten
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Berghaupten is a municipality in Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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1089583
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9402725
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089583
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Ortenau (district)
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1089593
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1582584
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089593
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Włodzimierz Staniewski
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Włodzimierz Staniewski (born in 1950 in Bardo, Poland) is a Polish theatre and film director, founder and director of the Gardzienice Centre for Theatre Practices. He is the author of international programmes, actor training, essays, and plays.
In 1968, Staniewski was a student in Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University . In 1969, he became a student of Krzysztof Jasiński's Acting Studio at the STU Theater , where classes were conducted by graduates of the State Theater School in Krakow.
He worked with Jerzy Grotowski , the founder of the Laboratory Theater, in Wrocław. They moved away from conventional theater activities and preparing subsequent performances in favor of intensive performative and anthropological research. He left in 1975 and moved to Lublin. He started the "Gardzienice" Theater Association.
Staniewski's acting method, known as theater ecology is seen as significant. As a director and author, he lectured and conducted master classes in many countries.
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1089598
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9782338
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089598
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Wilson, Pennsylvania
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Wilson is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. 8,259 people lived here at the 2020 census. Wilson is next to the city of Easton and is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.
It is named after Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States (1913–1921).
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1089601
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1671370
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089601
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Carancho
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Carancho is a 2010 Argentine Chilean French South Korean crime drama movie directed by Pablo Trapero and starring Ricardo Darín, Martina Gusmán. It was nominated for the Un Certain Regard at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.
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1089607
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966595
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089607
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Jagiellonian University
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The Jagiellonian University is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in continuous operation in the world. It is regarded as Poland's most famous academic institution. The university is important for as well as a significant contributor to the intellectual heritage of Europe.
The campus is in the middle of Kraków. The university consists of thirteen main faculties, and three faculties composing the Collegium Medicum. It employs roughly 4,000 academics and provides education to more than 35,000 students who study in 166 subjects. The main language of instruction is Polish, although around 30 degrees are offered in English and some in German. The university library is among the largest of its kind and has a number of medieval manuscripts, including the landmark "De Revolutionibus" by alumnus Nicolaus Copernicus.
In addition to Copernicus, the university's notable alumni include heads of state King John III Sobieski, Pope John Paul II, and Andrzej Duda; Polish prime ministers Beata Szydło and Józef Cyrankiewicz; renowned cultural figures Jan Kochanowski, Stanisław Lem, and Krzysztof Penderecki; and leading intellectuals and researchers such as Hugo Kołłątaj, Bronisław Malinowski, Carl Menger, Leo Sternbach, and Norman Davies. Four Nobel laureates have been at the university, all in literature: Ivo Andrić and Wisława Szymborska, who studied there, and Czesław Miłosz and Olga Tokarczuk, who taught there. Faculty and graduates of the university have been elected to the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Royal Society, the British Academy, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and other honorary societies.
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1089613
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089613
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Polish Orthodox Church
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The Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church , commonly known as the Polish Orthodox Church, or Orthodox Church of Poland, is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches in full communion. The church was established in 1924, to accommodate Orthodox Christians of Polish descent in the eastern part of the country, when Poland regained its independence after the First World War.
Autocephaly was finally granted by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in November 1924.
During the interwar period, however, the Polish authorities imposed severe restrictions on the church and its clergy. In the most famous example, the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Warsaw was destroyed in the mid-1920s. In Volhynia a total of 190 Eastern Orthodox churches were destroyed and a further 150 converted to Catholicism. Several court hearings against the Pochaiv Lavra also took place.
In total, it has approximately 500,000 adherents (2016). In the Polish census of 2011, 156,000 citizens declared themselves as members.
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1089625
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1412333
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089625
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Listnof Prehistoric Wars
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1089630
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089630
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Big Break
|
Big Break was a British game show that aired on BBC1. It was shown from 30 April 1991 and 10 August 2002. It ran for 212 episodes over 10 series. It was hosted by comedian Jim Davidson and snooker player John Virgo. The show was based on the game of snooker. It had people paired with professional snooker players. The person would answer general knowledge questions which gave more time for the players to score snooker points.
Production.
"Big Break" was first filmed in BBC Elstree Centre but moved to the BBC Television Centre after the fourth series. The show ran for ten series, from 1991 to 2002. It had 212 episodes. The show was hosted by comedian Jim Davidson and snooker player John Virgo. A theme song was created for the show, called "the snooker song", was sung by Captain Sensible.
Format.
In "Big Break" there were three teams of two. Each contestant is joined by a professional snooker player. There were three rounds: "red hot", "pocket money", and "make or break". These names were puns from the snooker terms "red", "pocket", and "break".
In "red hot" contestants were asked three questions. They were then given 10 seconds of time to begin. Each right answer is worth another 10 seconds. On the snooker table, there were ten red snooker balls. The players have as much time as they are given to "pot" as many balls as possible. The two teams that pot the most red balls move onto the next round.
The losing contestant in the first round is given a secondary task, a trick shot. Called "Virgo's Trick Shot", the contestant would need to recreate the shot being played. When successful, the contestant won a prize.
The second round was called "pocket money". On a timer, contestants must answer questions based on the coloured snooker balls. On a correct answer, the snooker player scored points for each ball potted. There were double points for potting balls in certain pockets. When missing a ball, the contestant would answer another question. The pair with the most points reach the final round.
The final round, called "make or break" had the contestant answer five questions. Each correct answer removed a red ball from the table. There was two minutes to pot all of the balls on the table. This included the time given to answer the questions. More prizes would be given to players who were closest to potting all of the balls. The grand prize was usually a holiday.
Episodes.
There were 212 episodes of "Big Break" across 10 series. Additional episode series containing junior players were also held for three series. Between 1995 and 2001, Big Break also showed nine "Trick shot" episodes. They had six professional players and had a different format. Big Break also had eight Christmas special episodes, which had the same format, but the cast had fancy dress.
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62523
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089631
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Staff Sergeant
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1089633
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9404087
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089633
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Climate of Spain
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Spain has a mostly Mediterranean climate, however vast inland areas experience a continental climate, and coastal areas have an oceanic climate.
Temperature records.
The highest temperature ever recorded in Spain was on 14 August 2021 in La Rambla, near Córdoba.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in Spain was on 7 January 2021 in Vega de Liordes.
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1089634
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089634
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Cuba War
|
The Cuban war against the Spanish was the conflict that led to the independence of the island nation from the Spanish kingdom in 1898.
In 1895, José Martí led what was called "El Grito de Baire" or the Cry of Baire which led to the beginning of the War. In Cuba the war is called the Necessary War, while in Spain they call it the War on Cuba.
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1089635
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1495229
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089635
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Samsung Galaxy S24
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The Samsung Galaxy S24, Samsung Galaxy S24+, Samsung Galaxy S24 and Samsung Galaxy S24 FE are Android smartphone series designed, manufactured and marketed by Samsung. They were released in January 13, 2024. While the Samsung Galaxy S24 FE was released in October 3, 2024. It has the same display lineups as the Samsung Galaxy S23 series, with bigger batteries this time. The Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra is the first Samsung phablet made of titanium, like the IPhone 15 Pro.
Hardware.
The Samsung Galaxy S24 has a 6.2 inch AMOLED 2X 120hz screen, 8GB/12GB RAM, 128GB/256GB/512GB storage and USB Type C.
Software.
It was ran the One UI 6.1.1 and Android 14 for the first time, they can upgrade to other version like Android 15 when it came out.
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1089637
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1604351
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089637
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Gertrude Rempfer
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Gertrude Fleming Rempfer (January 30, 1912 - October 4, 2011) was an American physicist. She was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She was an expert in Electron microscopy. She won a Howard Vollum Award.
Life.
She graduated from Queen Anne High School. She studied forestry but switched to physics, at the University of Washington.
She taught at Mount Holyoke College, Russell Sage College, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. During World War II, she worked at the Naval Research Laboratory, and Manhattan Project at Columbia. She worked at Farrand Optical Company. She was a professor at Portland State University.
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1089644
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508885
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089644
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Leptomantis gadingensis
|
The Gunung Gading tree frog or Gading tree frog ("Leptomantis gadingensis") is a frog. It lives in Malaysia. People have seen it between 0 and 150 meters above sea level.
The adult frog is 29.5 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is brown. There is a dark line between the eyes and some darker brown marks on the back. There is some blue color on the sides of the body.
People have seen this frog near streams where the water moves quickly. It cannot live in streams that human beings have changed. The male frog its 3 m above the ground and calls to the female frogs.
Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because even though it lives in two small places, both those places are protected parks.
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1089646
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089646
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Transport in Poland
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Transport in Poland involves air, water, road and rail transportation. The country has a large network of public transport, such as buses, trams and the metro.
Water.
The country's most important waterway is the Vistula river. The largest seaports are Gdańsk, Gdynia and Szczecin. There are 3,997 km (2,480 mi) of navigable rivers and canals (as of 2009).
Air transport.
The most important airport in Poland is Warsaw 'Frederic Chopin' International Airport. Warsaw's airport is the main international hub for LOT Polish Airlines.
In addition to Warsaw Chopin, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Katowice, Kraków and Poznań all have international airports.
Rail transport.
Poland has a network of railways.. It is run by Polish State Railways. The rail network is very dense in western and northern Poland. The eastern part of the country has fewer railways. The capital city, Warsaw, has the country's only rapid transit system: the Warsaw Metro.
The only high-speed rail line in central-eastern Europe is the Central Rail Line. It is long, and was built in 1971–1977. It links Warsaw with Kraków and Katowice.
Other high-speed lines:
Road transport.
Poland has of public roads, of which are unsurfaced (2021):
In recent years, the network has been improving and government spending on road construction recently saw a huge increase, due to rapid development of the country and the inflow of European Union funds for infrastructure projects.
Motorways and expressways.
Polish motorways and expressways are part of the national roads network. As of December 2021, there are of motorways and of expressways .
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1089650
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10450518
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089650
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Shorty McShorts' Shorts
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Shorty McShorts' Shorts is an American animated anthology short television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. aired in July 28, 2006 to May 25, 2007 from Disney Channel. two of them several separated animated shows from "SheZow" aired in Hub Network and "Fish Hooks" also aired in Disney Channel.
Plot.
in several shorts in several segments.
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1089652
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9404196
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089652
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Hikaru Utada discography
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1089654
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089654
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Polish State Railways
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The Polish State Railways (Polish: "Polskie Koleje Państwowe", abbr.: PKP S.A.) is the main railway operator in Poland. The company was founded when the former Polish State Railways state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure management and transport operations. Polish State Railways is the main company in PKP Group collective that resulted from the split. It has 100% share control, being fully responsible for the assets of all of the other PKP Group component companies. The group's organisations are dependent upon Polish State Railways, but proposals for privatisation have been made.
Tourism.
The PKP has been a tourist attraction for British trainspotters since the mid-twentieth century. The late withdrawal of steam power on the PKP system meant that Poland was an attractive destination for rail enthusiasts long after steam had ended on Britain’s railways. The last PKP steam shed in Wolsztyn has remained in operation as a result of this tourism and continues to operate regular steam hauled services.
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1089658
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9405391
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089658
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Rab
|
Rab (, , ) is an island in Croatia. It is just off the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It belongs to the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, in the Kvarner Bay.
The island is long. It has an area of . In 2011, 9,328 people lived there. The main settlement is the town of the same name. The highest peak is Kamenjak at 408 m. The northeastern side of the island is mostly karst.
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1089661
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089661
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Trainspotters
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A trainspotter, railfan, rail buff, train buff, railway enthusiast or railway buff is a person who is interested in trains and rail transport systems. They have been common in the United Kingdom since the 1840s.
Trainspotters often congregated on stations platforms and adjacent to favoured railway lines. In the 1950s a trainspotting platform was erected adjacent to the main line in Finsbury Park to make room for the trainspotters who gathered there.
They often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites for them, including "Trains", "Railfan & Railroad", "The Railway Magazine", "Locomotive Magazine", and "Railway Gazette International".
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089665
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Trainspotting (hobby)
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1089668
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089668
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Road signs in South Korea
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Road signs in South Korea are regulated by the Korean Road Traffic Authority ().
Road signs in South Korea closely followed Japanese and European rules on road signs until 1970s.
South Korea signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on December 29, 1969, but has yet to ratify the Convention.
Warning signs.
Warning signs are triangular with yellow backgrounds, red borders and black pictograms.
Prohibition signs.
Prohibition signs are round with white backgrounds, red borders and black pictograms.
Mandatory instruction signs.
Mandatory instruction signs are round with blue backgrounds and white pictograms.
Supplementary signs.
Supplementary signs are rectangular with white backgrounds and black text. Most of signs are only written in Korean.
Direction and distance signs.
Direction and distance signs are rectangular with dark green backgrounds and white text. In urban areas, direction signs have dark blue backgrounds. The signs are normally written in Korean and English. In March 2010, Korea Expressway Corporation introduced a new type of direction sign for expressways. Currently, Korea Expressway Corporation changes old direction signs to new ones on their expressways. This new type of direction sign is exit guide based sign and its typeface has changed from Sandol Doropyojipanche (Sandol traffic sign typeface, which can be seen on the distance sign and direction sign below) to Hangilche (Hangil typeface). It also includes motorways.
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1089669
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86802
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089669
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Miami Zombie
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1089670
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86802
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089670
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Causeway Cannibal
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1089671
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9404278
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089671
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Sarner Lake
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1089672
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1676094
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089672
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Road signs in the United States
|
In the United States, road signs are, for the most part, standardized by federal regulations, most notably in the "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices" (MUTCD) and its companion volume the "Standard Highway Signs" (SHS).
Regulatory signs.
Regulatory signs give instructions to motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists. Signs including Stop, Yield, No Turns, No Trucks, No Parking, No Stopping, Minimum Speed, Right Turn Only, Do Not Enter, Weight Limit, and Speed Limit are considered regulatory signs. Some have special shapes, such as the octagon for the Stop sign and the crossbuck for railroad crossings. Some signs can be localized, such as No Parking, and some are found only in state and local jurisdictions, as they are based on state or local laws, such as New York City's "Don't Block the Box" signs. These signs are in the R series of signs in the MUTCD and typically in the R series in most state supplements or state MUTCDs.
R1 series: Stop and yield.
The MUTCD's R1 series is for Stop and Yield. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The 4-WAY and 3-WAY plaques (R1-3) were deprecated in the 2009 Edition of the MUTCD in favor of the ALL WAY plaque (R1-3P).
R2 series: Speed limit.
The MUTCD's R2 series is for speed limit signs. Some state supplements and state MUTCDs place various speed limit signs in other series. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. Speed limits in the United States are always in miles per hour. Metric speed limit signs in kilometers per hour used to be authorized but extremely rare, usually seen near the borders with Canada and Mexico, both of which use the metric system. They have been discontinued as of 2012. Many states, however, disallow the use of metric signs on state-maintained roads due to MUTCD restrictions, increasing the rarity of such signs.
R3 series: Lane usage and turns.
The MUTCD's R3 series of signs is for lane usage and turn signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R4 series: Regulation of movement.
The MUTCD's R4 series of signs is for the regulation of movement signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R5 series: Exclusionary.
The MUTCD's R5 series of signs is for exclusionary signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The most common of these signs is the do not enter sign.
R6 series: One way and divided highway.
The MUTCD's R6 series of signs is for one way and divided highway signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The most common of these signs is the One Way sign.
R7 series: Parking.
The MUTCD allows for three types of parking signs: permissive, No Parking, and No Standing. However, in most states, there is an additional more restrictive one, No Stopping. These signs are found in the R7 series of signs in the MUTCD. As all situations are not covered, several states and local governments have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. Permissive parking signs allow for parking for either an unlimited or varied amount of time. They are often used in conjunction with parking meters and parking permits. They are specified by the MUTCD to be green on white. Local variations occur with additional information and slightly different designs. No Parking signs indicate that loading or unloading while temporarily stopped is permitted, but the driver must not leave the vicinity of the vehicle. Some No Parking signs display time restrictions, while others are permanent restrictions. There are also temporary versions of the signs, often of similar design to the permanent ones. These signs are specified by the MUTCD to be red on white, although local variations occur. No Standing signs indicate that stopping temporarily to load or unload passengers is allowed, but vehicles cannot be stopped at the location for longer periods of time, even if the driver remains with the vehicle. As with no parking signs, some restrictions displayed on the signs are permanent, and some are time-based.
R8 series: Parking and emergency restrictions.
The MUTCD's R8 series of signs is for parking restriction and emergency restriction signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R9 series: Bicycles and pedestrians.
The MUTCD's R9 series of signs is for bicycle and pedestrian signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R10 series: Traffic signal.
The MUTCD's R10 series of signs is for traffic signal related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R11 series: Road closed.
The MUTCD's R11 series of signs is for road closure-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R12 series: Weight limits.
The MUTCD's R12 series of signs is for weight limit-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R13 series: Weigh stations.
The MUTCD's R13 series of signs is for weigh station related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R14 series: Truck routes.
The MUTCD's R14 series of signs is for truck route-related signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R15 series: Rail and light rail.
The MUTCD's R15 series of signs is for rail- and light rail-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
R16 series: Seat belts and headlight use.
The MUTCD's R16 series of signs is for seat belt and headlight use-related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
Warning signs.
Warning signs are found in the W series of the national MUTCD. They highlight existing conditions, such as a curve, school, dead end street, or traffic signal. They can also warn of possible danger such as bumps, bicycles, low flying aircraft, or emergency vehicles. They are either yellow or fluorescent yellow in color and, with a few exceptions, are usually diamond-shaped and sometimes have square or rectangular smaller signs or plaques associated with them. Most W series signs can also be found with orange backgrounds for temporary use in situations such as construction zones. Some of the temporary-use signs are for use only in temporary situations.
W1 series: Horizontal alignment.
The MUTCD's W1 series of signs is for warning signs relating to horizontal alignment. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W2 series: Intersections.
The MUTCD's W2 series of signs is for warning signs relating to intersections. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W3 series: Advance traffic control.
The MUTCD's W3 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advance traffic controls. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W4 series: Lanes and merges.
The MUTCD's W4 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane merges and added lanes, as well as lane endings. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W5 series: Road width restrictions.
The MUTCD's W5 series of signs is for warning signs relating to road width restrictions. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W6 series: Divided highway.
The MUTCD's W6 series of signs is for warning signs relating to divided highways. The MUTCD provides options for graphic and text signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W7 series: Hills.
The MUTCD's W7 series of signs is for warning signs relating to hills. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W8 series: Pavement and roadway conditions.
The MUTCD's W8 series of signs is for warning signs relating to pavement and roadway conditions. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W9 series: Lane transitions.
The MUTCD's W9 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane transitions. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W10 series: Railroad crossings.
The MUTCD's W10 series of signs is for warning signs relating to railroad crossings. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W11 series: Advance warnings.
The MUTCD's W11 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advance warnings. The MUTCD allows use of a fluorescent yellow-green background color for signs relating to non-motorized vehicles crossing the road. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W12 series: Low Clearance Warnings.
The MUTCD's W12 series of signs is for warning signs relating to low clearance. Metric low bridge signs in meters used to be authorized but extremely rare, usually seen near the borders with Canada and Mexico, both of which use the metric system. They have been discontinued as of 2012. Many states, however, disallowed the use of metric signs on state-maintained roads due to system restrictions, increasing the rarity of such signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W13 series: Advisory speeds.
The MUTCD's W13 series of signs is for warning signs relating to advisory speeds. Speed limits in the United States are always in miles per hour. Metric advisory speed signs in kilometers per hour used to be authorized but extremely rare, usually seen near the borders with Canada and Mexico, both of which use the metric system. They have been discontinued as of 2012. Many states, however, disallowed the use of metric signs on state-maintained roads due to system restrictions, increasing the rarity of such signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W14 series: Dead end streets and no passing zones.
The MUTCD's W14 series of signs is for warning signs relating to dead-end streets and no-passing zones. As all situations are not covered, several states and local governments have additional signs for other types of situations not covered by the MUTCD. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W15 series: Playgrounds.
The MUTCD's W15 series of signs is for warning signs relating to playgrounds. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W16 series: Supplemental plaques.
The MUTCD's W16 series of signs is for supplemental plaques for warning signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W17 series: Speed humps.
The MUTCD's W17 series of signs is for warnings relating to speed humps. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W18 series: No traffic signs.
The MUTCD's W18 series of signs is for warnings relating to no further traffic signs. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W19 series: Freeway or expressway end signs.
The MUTCD's W19 series of signs is for warning signs relating to the end of a freeway or expressway. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W20 series: Work zones.
The MUTCD's W20 series of signs is for warning signs relating to work zones. These signs are typically orange background ones used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W21 series: Road work.
The MUTCD's W21 series of signs is for warning signs relating to road work. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W22 series: Blasting zones.
The MUTCD's W22 series of signs is for warning signs relating to blasting zones. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W23 series: Slow traffic.
The MUTCD's W23 series of signs is for warning signs relating to slow traffic. They typically have orange backgrounds and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W24 series: Lane shifts.
The MUTCD's W24 series of signs is for warning signs relating to lane shifts, where traffic is diverted slightly toward the left or right of the roadway, but the route is otherwise unchanged. These signs typically have orange background and are used for temporary situations. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
W25 series: Oncoming traffic has extended green.
The MUTCD's W25 series of signs is for signs warning that oncoming traffic has an extended green signal at a traffic light. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD.
Guide signs.
Guide signs include highway route markers (shields), which are reassurance markers, interchange signs, including advance guide and exit signs, and mile markers. Advance guide and exit signs usually feature control cities or other locations to help direct drivers toward their destinations. The position of the exit number plaque indicates right or left exit (and should indicate center lane exit).
Toll signs.
Chapter 2F of the MUTCD deals with signs relating to tolls.
School zone signs.
The S series of signs are specially designated by the MUTCD for use around schools. Some states have additional school warning-related signs in the S series, the W series of warning signs, and/or the R series of regulatory signs of the state supplement or state MUTCD. The adoption of the 2009 MUTCD required school warning signs to have fluorescent yellow-green backgrounds.
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1089674
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089674
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Railway modelling
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Railway modelling (UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland) or model railroading (US and Canada) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are modelled at a reduced scale.
The scale models include locomotives, rolling stock, streetcars, tracks, signalling, cranes, and landscapes including: countryside, roads, bridges, buildings, vehicles, harbors, urban landscape, model figures, lights, and features such as rivers, hills, tunnels, and canyons.
The earliest model railways were the 'carpet railways' in the 1840s. The first documented model railway was the Railway of the Prince Imperial (French: Chemin de fer du Prince Impérial) built in 1859 by Emperor Napoleon III for his then 3-year-old son, also Napoleon, in the grounds of the Château de Saint-Cloud in Paris. It was powered by clockwork and ran in a figure-of-eight. Electric trains appeared around the start of the 20th century, but these were quite crude. Model trains today are more realistic, in addition to being much more technologically advanced. Today modellers create model railway layouts, often recreating real locations and periods throughout history.
The world's oldest working model railway is a model designed to train signalmen on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. It is located in the National Railway Museum, York, England and dates back to 1912. It was in use until 1995. The model was built as a training exercise by apprentices of the company's Horwich Works and supplied with rolling stock by Bassett-Lowke.
General description.
Some people just have a train set. Other people may spend hours and large sums of money building a large and exacting model of a railroad and the scenery through which it passes, called a "layout". Some of the models are large enough to ride on.
Modellers may collect model trains, building a landscape for the trains to pass through. They may also operate their own railroad in miniature. For some modellers, the goal of building a layout is to eventually run it as if it were a real railroad (if the layout is based on the fancy of the builder) or as the real railroad did. They may build track-by-track reproductions of the real railroad in miniature, often using historic maps.
Layouts vary from a circle or oval of track to realistic reproductions of real places modelled to scale. Probably the largest model landscape in the UK is in the Pendon Museum in Oxfordshire, UK, where an EM gauge (1:76.2 scale) model of the Vale of White Horse in the 1930s is under construction. The museum also has one of the earliest scenic models – the Madder Valley layout built by John Ahern. This was built in the late 1930s to late 1950s and brought in realistic modelling, receiving coverage on both sides of the Atlantic in the magazines "Model Railway News" and "Model Railroader". Bekonscot in Buckinghamshire is the oldest model village and includes a model railway, dating from the 1930s. The world's largest model railroad in H0 scale is the "Miniatur Wunderland" in Hamburg, Germany. The largest live steam layout, with of track is Train Mountain in Chiloquin, Oregon, U.S. Operations form an important aspect of rail transport modelling with many layouts being dedicated to copying the operation of a working railway. These layouts can become extremely complex with many routes, movement patterns and timetabled operation. The British outline model railway of Banbury Connections is one of the world's most complicated model railways.
People may meet in clubs. Clubs often display models for the public and run exhibitions. One specialist branch concentrates on larger scales and gauges, commonly using track gauges from . Models in these scales are usually hand-built and powered by live steam, or diesel-hydraulic, and the engines are often powerful enough to haul dozens of human passengers.
The oldest society is 'The Model Railway Club' (established 1910), near Kings Cross, London, UK. As well as building model railways, it has 5,000 books and periodicals. 'The Historical Model Railway Society' at Butterley, near Ripley, Derbyshire specialises in historical matters and has archives.
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1089677
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9404360
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089677
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Biberach, Baden
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Biberach is a municipality in Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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1089678
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1386969
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089678
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Durbach
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Durbach is a municipality in Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.
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1089679
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9404371
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089679
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Mahlberg
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Mahlberg is a town in Ortenau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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1089680
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9404389
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089680
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Avize
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Avize is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.
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1089682
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9404411
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089682
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Dog sled racing
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1089683
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1674917
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089683
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Rooms To Go
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Rooms To Go is an American furniture store chain. It company was founded in September 1990 by Jeffrey Seaman and his father Morty Seaman. It is the third largest furniture retailer in the United States. It is headquartered in Seffner, Florida.
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1089707
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9404703
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089707
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List of WWE Raw Tag Team Champions
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1089710
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10366180
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089710
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Dirty Sexy Money
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Dirty Sexy Money is an American prime time drama television series. It was created by Craig Wright. It ran on ABC from September 26, 2007, to August 8, 2009. It revolves around lawyer and family man Nick George, portrayed by Peter Krause. When Nick's father mysteriously dies in a plane crash, he agrees to take his position as the Darling family's lawyer, while trying to discover who committed the murder.
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1089712
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16695
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089712
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Greggs
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Greggs plc is a British bakery chain. It started in 1939 It specialises in savoury products such as bakes, sausage rolls, sandwiches and sweet items including doughnuts and vanilla slices. Its headquarters are in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Originally a high street chain, it has since entered the convenience and drive-thru markets. It expanded between 2022 and 2024, starting to sell vegan food. It opened 145 new sites in 2023 bringing the total number to 2,473. It also increased the size of its existing stores.
Products.
Products include sausage rolls, vegan sausage rolls, meat-free steak bakes, bacon rolls, croissants, pains au chocolat, sandwiches, and soups.
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1089715
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089715
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Sausage roll
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A sausage roll is a savoury dish, popular in current and former Commonwealth nations, consisting of sausage meat wrapped in puff pastry. Although variations are known throughout Europe and in other regions, the sausage roll is most closely associated with British cuisine. It is usually eaten as a snack.
Composition.
Sausage rolls are made from sheets of puff pastry formed into tubes around sausage meat and glazed with egg or milk before being baked. They can be served either hot or cold. In the 19th century, they were made using shortcrust pastry instead of puff pastry.
A vegetarian or vegan sausage roll can be made in the same manner, using a meat substitute.
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1089719
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986092
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089719
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Anti-vaccine
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1089720
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640235
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089720
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Puff pastry
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Puff pastry, also known as , is a flaky light pastry made from a laminated dough composed of dough and butter or other solid fat. The butter is put inside the dough (or vice versa), making a "" that is repeatedly folded and rolled out before baking. It takes a long time to make.
The gaps that form between the layers left by the fat melting are pushed (leavened) by the water turning into steam during the baking process.
It was first made in France in the 17th century..
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1089723
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111904
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1089723
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Seibu ikebukuro line
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