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200959
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1398040
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200959
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F.C. AlzanoCene 1909
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F.C. AlzanoCene 1909 is a football club which plays in Italy. The club was founded in 2007 with the merger between A.S.D. Football Club Alzano 1909 from Alzano Lombardo and Ardens Cene from Cene.
Name.
After the merger in 2007, the name of the club was chaged to FC AlzanoCene 1909. Before the merger, each of the 2 clubs that were merged had several names:
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200965
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209999
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200965
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Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy
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200966
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70336
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200966
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Unification of Italy
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200967
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82210
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200967
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Italian Wars of Independence
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200968
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200968
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Vittorio Emanuele II
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200969
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1678456
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200969
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Giuseppe Mazzini (22 June 1805 – 32 March 1872) was an Italian patriot, philosopher, Freemason, and politician. His efforts helped bring about Italian unification to replace the several separate states, many of which were dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for democracy in a republican state.
Criticisms.
Karl Marx, on an interview by R. Landor in 1871, said that Mazzini's ideas represents "nothing better than the old idea of a middle-class republic". Marx believed, especially after the Revolutions of 1848, that the middle-class point of view had become reactionary and that the proletariat had nothing to do with it.
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200974
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314522
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200974
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Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
|
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Although he considered himself a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, by the end of his life it was Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest legacy.
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200975
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1161309
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200975
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Charles X
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Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France and Navarre from 1824 to 1830. He was the grandson of Louis XV and younger brother of kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII. Charles was known as Charles Philippe, comte d'Artois, until he became king. During the French Revolution he was one of the leaders of the émigrés. Charles X was the last senior Bourbon to rule France.
Early Life.
Charles-Philippe was born in 1757, the youngest son of the Dauphin Louis Ferdinand, and his wife, the Dauphine Marie Josèphe, at the Palace of Versailles. Charles was named comte d'Artois at birth by his grandfather, the reigning King Louis XV. As the youngest male in the family Charles seemed unlikely ever to become king.
Charles' father died in 1765, which left Charles' oldest surviving brother, Louis-Auguste (the later Louis XVI), to succeed their father in the capacity of Dauphin, the French equivalent to a crown prince or heir apparent. Charles' mother, Marie Josèphe, never recovered from the loss of her husband and she died in March 1767 from tuberculosis. This left Charles an orphan at the age of nine.
Throughout the 1770s, Charles spent lavishly. He accumulated enormous debts (they totalled 21 million livres), which Louis XVI paid for him in the early 1780s. Their brother the comte de Provence also accumulated debts of a similar magnitude, which Louis XVI also paid off.
His political awakening started with the first great crisis of the monarchy in 1786, after which he headed the reactionary faction at the court of Louis XVI. The comte d'Artois supported the removal of the aristocracy's financial privileges, but was opposed to any reduction in the social privileges enjoyed by both the Church and the nobility.
During and After the French Revolution.
When the French Revolutionary Wars broke out in 1792, Charles escaped to Great Britain. George III of Great Britain and Ireland welcomed the comte d'Artois warmly, and gave him a generous allowance. He lived in Edinburgh and London with his mistress Louise de Polastron. After the accession (1814) of Louis XVIII to the French throne, Charles returned to France, where he headed the ultraroyalist party of reaction.
King of France.
Charles' first act as King of France was to grant the style of Royal Highness to his cousins of the cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the Orléans. Because the Duke of Orleans had voted the death of his brother Louis XVI, Louis XVIII had greatly disliked the Orléans family. However, Charles intended it to create a unified House of Bourbon.His favoritism during his reign toward the Roman Catholic Church and the aristocracy aroused great opposition, leading to the July Revolution of 1830.
July Revolution.
Charles X was a strong believer in absolutism and rejected the Charter of the French Liberties, issued by his predecessor and brother Louis XVIII. In July 1830, he suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press. Liberals and radicals responded forcefully to the absolute king. In Paris, angry citizens threw up barricades across the narrow streets. Others fired at soldiers and threw stones and roof tiles. The revolutionary tricolor flew from the towers of Notre Dame cathedral. Charles was forced to abdicate. He again went into exile in Britain. He was succeeded by his cousin, Louis-Philippe, son of the Duke of Orleans who had supported the French Revolution.
Death.
Charles caught cholera when he arrived in Gorizia, Italy. He died on November 6 1836. The townspeople draped their windows in black to mourn him. Charles was buried in the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady, in the Franciscan Kostanjevica Monastery (now in Nova Gorica, Slovenia).
Marriage and issue.
Charles X married Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy, the daughter of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain on 16 November 1773. The couple had four children:
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200979
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200979
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King Louis XV
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200983
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36147
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=200983
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Blu-ray disc
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201010
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1076609
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201010
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Foghat
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Foghat is a British rock band who was most popular in the 1970s and 1980s. They are best known for their song "Slow Ride".
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201020
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196884
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201020
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NBA Jam (1993 video game)
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NBA Jam is an arcade basketball video game. The game was released in 1993. It was both developed and published by Midway. The gameplay for "NBA Jam" is based on the 1989 video game "Arch Rivals", which was another 2-on-2 basketball video game. The game is very popular in popular culture.
In the game if you enter a specific code you can unlock Bill Clinton. It is 2 on 2 arcade basketball.
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201024
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201024
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Irkutsk
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Irkutsk is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast. It was founded in 1661. It is named after the Irkut River. It is one of the largest cities in Siberia.
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201030
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22027
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201030
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Fleetwood
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Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England. It lies at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It is part of the Blackpool Urban Area. The town was the first planned place of the Victorian age. In the twentieth century, Fleetwood was a major deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined. The town has slowly become poor. Fleetwood is also a seaside resort.
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201031
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9755354
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201031
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The Fylde
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The Fylde is a coastal plain in western Lancashire, England. It is 13-mile (20-kilometre) square-shaped peninsula. It is bounded by Morecambe Bay to the north, the Ribble estuary to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Bowland hills to the east. The eastern boundary is near the M6 motorway.
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201037
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9297621
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201037
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Muslim League (Pakistan)
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The Pakistan Muslim League was founded in 1962, as a successor to the previously disbanded Muslim League in Pakistan. Unlike the original PML which ended in 1958 when General Ayub Khan banned all political parties, each subsequent Muslim League was in some way propped by the military dictators of the time: Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf. Every time the pro-establishment political leaders were put together, who splintered apart when the general's blessings faded away.
Currently, Pakistan Muslim League refers to any of the these political parties in Pakistan:
Historically, Pakistan Muslim League can also refer to any of the following political parties in Pakistan:
Recently Pakistan Muslim League (PML-Q) made headlines when on 31 December 2007, armed men belonging to the party kidnapped the human rights lawyer, Asma Jahangirs daughters who were in company of some friends, at gun point and brought them to the PML-Q main election office. The girls were detained illegally, abused, severely beaten. Asma's youngest daughter was then dragged off to a separate room by some of the gunmen. Asma Jahangir only barely managed to rescue her daughters and their friends and called the police for assistance. The girls had been out filing ripped and torn election posters in Lahore City in the aftermath of the assassination of Benezir Bhutto. The police took the side of the gunmen, insisting that the girls hand over the tape, or else they would be kidnapped, raped and killed.
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201038
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56710
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201038
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Azad Kashmir and Jammu
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201045
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259010
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201045
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Leon Redbone
|
Leon Redbone (born Dickran Gobalian; August 26, 1949 – May 30, 2019) was a Cypriot-American singer, actor and guitarist. He played mostly jazz and blues.
Redbone sang the theme to the television series "Mr. Belvedere". He was a semi-regular musical guest on NBC's "Saturday Night Live" throughout the late 1970s. He last appeared on the show in 1983. During the 1980s and '90s, Redbone was a frequent guest on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson". He has also been a guest on "A Prairie Home Companion" (radio broadcast).
Redbone voiced a fake snowman version of himself in the 2003 comedy Christmas movie "Elf".
He retired in May 2015 due to health issues. Redbone died under hospice care in New Hope, Pennsylvania on May 30, 2019 at the age of 69. The cause was problems from dementia.
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201048
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7405315
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201048
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Yarmouth Clam Festival
|
The Yarmouth Clam Festival is a yearly event in Yarmouth, Maine. It started in 1965 to raise money for around forty local non-profit organizations, churches, and school groups. The event lasts three days. It is held the third weekend in July.
Yarmouth has around 9,000 people. During the Festival the town has about 120,000 people visit over the course of the weekend.
No festival has been held since 2020 on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic.
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201049
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86802
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201049
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Fireflies (song)
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"Fireflies" is an electropop song by Owl City. The song has reached #1 status on the Canada SoundScan, Danish Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40 and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
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201051
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1673561
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201051
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Steve Kerr
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Steve Kerr (born September 27, 1965 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a retired NBA basketball player that played for the Phoenix Suns from 1988 to 1989, Cleveland Cavaliers from 1989 to 1992, Orlando Magic from 1992 to 1993, Chicago Bulls from 1993 to 1998, San Antonio Spurs from 1998 to 2001 and again in 2002 to 2003 and the Portland Trail Blazers from 2001–2002. He is currently the head coach for the Golden State Warriors. He played college basketball at the University of Arizona and was drafted by the Phoenix Suns with the 50th overall pick in the second round of the 1988 NBA Draft. Kerr won the NBA Championship five times, three times with the Chicago Bulls and twice with the San Antonio Spurs. His father who was an academic who specialized in the Middle East was assassinated by suspected militant nationalists in Beirut where Steve was born. Steve also has two cousins Jeff and Tom. Jeff writes for the Daily Local in West Chester PA. Tom is an accountant
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201066
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51072
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201066
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Von Braun
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201081
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48456
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201081
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Mark Oliver Everett
|
Mark Oliver Everett (born 10 April 1963) is an American singer and musician. He is better known by his alternate persona Mr. E or Eels. He began calling himself Mr E. as a teenager because it sounded "mysterious." Also, many of his friends made fun of him because his initials spelled out "MOE". Evert is best known for his rock band, Eels.
Unlike most rock bands, Eels rarely plays with the same combinations of members twice. Mark Everett is the only constant member. He is the only one who plays on every single album and live show. All other members are friends of his who add other instruments to the albums and concerts. Most of them are in other bands, such as Aysa and Chloe from the pop band Smoosh. Many do not use their real names, as Everett does. For example, bassist Koool G Murder performed on the albums "Souljacker" and "Hombre Lobo", and has played bass at most shows on the tours for both albums.
Each Eels concert is different. Most feature the members who perform the song on the album playing the instruments that they did on that song. Many are acoustic sets. Everett sings and plays piano all by himself. A lot of songs that Eels perform live are covers (songs written by other people), and songs that have never appeared on any albums.
Everett's life.
Mark Everett's father was Hugh Everett III, a scientist who was the first person to propose the idea that our universe is just one of several connected "alternate" universes. At the time (1954), no one believed Everett, and he considered himself a failure. He died when Mark was 19.
Mark's first album was called Bad Dude in Love (1985). It was self-released, meaning that Everett recorded and designed the packaging for the entire album all on his own, selling only five hundred copies to a few friends. That album was the first and last to be released under his full name, Mark Oliver Everett. His next album, A Man Called E (1992) was released only as E, and sold many more copies than Bad Dude in Love. Because many critics did not know who E was, they were confused by the album's title, but the album still sold well.
Everett's next album as E was Broken Toy Shop (1993). The cover art, which depicts Everett sitting in the center of a toy city, has been said to be his least favorite album cover out of all his releases. This would be Everett's last album using his real name or his pseudonym E, as Eels' first album, Beautiful Freak, featuring bassist Tommy Walter and drummer Butch, was released in 1996.
In 1998, Everett became the only living member of his family after his mother died of lung cancer. His sister had died of suicide in 1996. He wrote 16 songs about his sadness that later became his next Eels album, Electro-Shock Blues, featuring Butch from the last album. Butch and Everett would also be the only members to appear on 2000's Daisies of the Galaxy.
In 2001, Everett participated in a philosophical vacation on which he was not alllowed to write or speak for religious reasons. Finding himself inspired, he broke the rules and wrote 12 songs that would later become Souljacker, with Koool G Murder, Butch, Joe Gore, John Parish, and Adam Siegel. During this time, he had stopped shaving, and his beard had begun to grow very long, as shown in this picture. Today, Everett’s beard is even longer, and the most recent Eels album (Hombre Lobo – Spanish for werewolf, featuring Koool G Murder and Knuckles) features songs that Everett wrote about how the beard made him look and feel more “dangerous.”
Following Souljacker, Eels released Shootenanny!, an album that drew a lot of negative attention to the band (at the time consisting of E, Butch, Joe Gore, and Koool G Murder) for Everett’s inappropriate behavior at press events to support the album. In an interview with an Australian television show about rock music, Everett joked about the interviewer waking him up after having sex with a prostitute and doing heroin the night before. Also, Everett was asked to write a review of the diaries of Kurt Cobain (who had died eight years before); his review was a single sentence: “Please don’t do this to me after I die.” Eels’ subsequent release, Blinking Lights and Other Revelations, a double-disc concept album about a journey through life but not in a chronological order, was much more well received.
In addition to these studio albums, Eels has also released one Best Of collection, six live albums, two collections of unreleased material, a book by Everett about his father (and a subsequent documentary film that aired on BBC), and has written songs for eleven movies, including all three Shrek films.
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201082
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532461
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201082
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Grendel
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Grendel is one of the three antagonists in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem "Beowulf" (AD 700–1000). Grendel is usually taken to be some kind of monster, but he is like a human in some ways.
In the poem, Grendel is feared by all but Beowulf, who kills him and his mother at the end of the poem. He is the descendant of the biblical murderer Cain.
"Grendel", a novel by John C. Gardner, was published in 1971. It tells much of the Beowulf story as if Grendel himself were talking.
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201088
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201088
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Sesame Street presents Follow That Bird
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201089
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3317
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201089
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Banzai Charge
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201090
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1272567
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201090
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List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
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A Category 5 hurricane is a hurricane with winds over 156 mph. This is a list of the Category 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean. There are no records of a Category 5 hurricane before 1900; equipment was not as good before that. The season with the most Category 5 hurricanes was in 2005, which had four. The most consecutive years with at least one Category 5 hurricane is 4, form 2016 to 2019.
Category 5 hurricanes are very destructive and many Category 5 hurricanes get their names retired after the season. Of the named Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes only four of them have not had their name retired, the four names are: Carol (1953) although Carol was retired after 1954, Edith (1971), Emily (2005), and Lorenzo (2019).
Category 5 hurricanes.
This is the list. It is ordered by the year of the Category 5 hurricane.
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201091
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1338660
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201091
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Jump River (town), Wisconsin
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Jump River is a town of Taylor County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. 275 people were living in Jump River as of 2020. Jump River has an area of 36 square miles.
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201093
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18539
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201093
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Bulletproof Monk
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Bulletproof Monk is an action movie starring Chow Yun-Fat. It is loosely based on the comic book by Michael Avon Oeming.
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201098
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36147
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201098
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Floppy disk drive
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201099
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201099
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Napoleon III of France
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201101
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36147
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201101
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Thumbdrive
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201102
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36147
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201102
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Thumb drive
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201110
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581219
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201110
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Hangeul
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201118
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1604351
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201118
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La Roux
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La Roux (pronounced /laˈruː/) is a British electropop synth duo made up of singer-songwriter and keyboardist Elly Jackson, and synth player, co-writer and co-producer Ben Langmaid. Their music is influenced by 1980s synthpop including Yazoo, The Human League, Heaven 17 and Blancmange.
Career.
Since 2008, La Roux has released a few singles. including Bulletproof, which debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. They released a self-titled album in 2009. It received a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album in 2011. Their next album "Trouble in Paradise" is going to be released on July 7 2014. It will have a more acoustic sound.
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201138
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1343687
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201138
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Granny Smith
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A Granny Smith apple is a sour tasting green apple. Granny Smiths are crisp, juicy, tart apples which are excellent for eating raw and cooking with.
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201149
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70336
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201149
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Metal detector
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A metal detector is a tool a person can use to help find metal nearby. It is useful for finding metal within other objects, or for finding metal underground. Most metal detectors will make a sound or have a needle move on a sensor in order to show where objects are. This tells how close you are to an object - for example, by making a higher-pitched sound when you are closer to an object.
History of the metal detector.
Alexander Graham Bell invented a kind of metal detector in 1881 when he was trying to find the bullet in President James Garfield's body after he had been shot. The metal detector worked but it was confused between the bullet and a coiled bed-spring on which the President lay.
Gerhard Fischer made a better version in the 1920s but the detector got confused when someone was approaching ore-bearing rocks. He was given a patent in 1925. A businessman named Shirl Herr had earlier tried to get a patent for a metal detector but was not given one until 1928.
Uses.
A metal detector can be used by archaeologists for finding things like metallic coins, bullets, and jewellery underneath or inside a surface.
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201152
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744335
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201152
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Pokémon Stadium
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201167
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40158
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201167
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Pokemon Stadium
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201173
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1630774
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201173
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Yom Kippur
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Yom Kippur is a Jewish festival. It is also known as the "Day of Atonement". It lasts 25 hours, from sunset to sunset. During this period, Jews ask God to forgive them for all their sins, fast, and they go to synagogue. Other things people are not allowed to do during Yom Kippur include washing, using perfumes and lotions. Many wear white as a symbol of purity. Even though people fast, Yom Kippur is considered a happy holiday. This is because Jews are sure that God will forgive them on this day.
Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei in the Hebrew calendar. In Jewish tradition, God writes the fate of each person for the coming year into a "book" on Rosh Hashanah. God waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the book. During the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, Jews try to improve their behavior. They ask God to forgive them for sins against God. They also ask "each other" to forgive them for anything they did to hurt each other. The evening and day of Yom Kippur are used for public and private confessions of guilt ("Vidui"). At the end of Yom Kippur, Jews consider themselves absolved by God.
The Yom Kippur prayer service includes several special parts. One of them is the number of prayer services. A regular day has three prayer services ("Ma'ariv," the evening prayer; "Shacharit," the morning prayer; and "Mincha," the afternoon prayer). A Shabbat or major Jewish holiday has four prayer services (these three plus "Musaf," the additional prayer). Yom Kippur has a fifth prayer service: "Ne'ilah," the closing prayer. All five prayer services include a public confession of sins ("Vidui"). The additional ("Musaf") prayer includes a prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur "avodah" (service) of the High Priest in the Temple in Jerusalem.
Yom Kippur is one of the holiest of Jewish holidays. It is observed by many Jews who do not observe other holidays. More people come to synagogue on Yom Kippur than on any other day of the year.
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201177
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586
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Subsolar point
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The subsolar point on a planet is when its Sun looks like it is directly overhead (in zenith). For planets with a rotation like the Earth's, the subsolar point will move westward, circling the globe once a day.
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201178
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5295
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Hurricane Dennis
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Hurricane Dennis was the second hurricane and the first major hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Dennis struck in the United States near where Hurricane Ivan less than a year before. On July 10 Dennis became the strongest hurricane before August, this record was held by Hurricane Audrey in 1957, meaning the record was not beaten for 48 years. Only six days later, July 16, Hurricane Emily became stronger then Dennis, therefore beating the record again. Dennis left 89 deaths and $4 billion in damage.
Retirement.
Because the damage was heavy the name Dennis was retired. In 2011 the name Don is on the list instead.
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201179
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10481964
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201179
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Black dwarf
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A black dwarf is a possible kind of star. A black dwarf is made when a white dwarf star becomes too cold. When it is cold enough, it can no longer make large amounts of heat and light. The star will get darker and become black. Scientists are not certain if black dwarfs can exist because it takes longer than the age of the universe (13.8 billion years) for a white dwarf to become one.
A medium or small-sized star (any star less than nine or ten times the size of the sun) becomes white dwarf when it uses all of its fuel. After the star uses its fuel, it is a very tight ball of gasses. Then, it becomes colder and colder, until it stops making light and heat, when it is a black dwarf. Scientists are not sure how long this takes. Some think it takes 1 quadrillion (formula_1) years, but others think it could be longer. Scientists do not believe that black dwarf stars can exist right now because the age of the universe is only 13.8 billion years.
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201180
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10394397
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201180
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Hurricane Frances
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Hurricane Frances was the sixth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Frances was one of the four hurricanes to have a major impact of the U.S. state of Florida in 2004. Frances made landfall near the same location Hurricane Jeanne would make landfall in about two weeks later. Frances caused about 101 tornadoes from Florida to Virginia. Frances left 49 deaths and $12 billion in damage.
Retirement.
Because of the damage it caused in the United States, the name Frances was retired in the spring of 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. In 2010 the name Fiona is on the list instead.
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201181
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4626170
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201181
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Patent troll
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A patent troll is an unkind phrase used to describe a company or person that owns a patent and tries to get other people to pay a lot of money for the right to use the patent. The patent troll usually asks for an amount of money that is less than defending a lawsuit.
A patent troll is different from other patent owners for two reasons. First, the patent troll usually does not make or sell any products itself. Second, a patent troll is also not usually the inventor. The patent troll instead buys the patent from other companies, and, usually, very cheap because the other company was going out of business.
Patent trolls make a lot of people unhappy because the money paid is a lot like a tax. The term troll itself is meant to invoke the image from fairy tales of a mean monster living under a bridge that makes people pay to cross the bridge.
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201199
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209999
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201199
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X windows architecture
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201211
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1035196
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201211
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Marek Heinz
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Marek Heinz (born 4 August 1977) is a Czech former footballer who played as a striker.
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201212
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22027
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201212
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Gakuya Horii
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Gakuya Horii (born 3 July 1975) is a former Japanese football player.
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201217
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82247
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201217
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Bonaparte Dynasty
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201218
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22027
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=201218
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House of Bonaparte
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The House of Bonaparte was an imperial and royal European dynasty founded by Napoleon I of France in 1804, a Corsican military leader who rose to power and transformed the French Republic into the French Empire. The dynasty ruled from 1804 to 1815 and again from 1852 to 1870.
Napoleon I of France.
Napoleon Bonaparte is the most significant person associated with the Bonaparte family because he created the First French Empire that conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. He was elected as first consul of France on November 10, 1799 with the help of his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred. He later crowned himself Emperor of the French in December 2, 1804 and King of Italy in May 26 1805. He then made his elder brother Joseph (1768–1844) king of Naples (1806–1808) and then of Spain (1808–1813), his third brother Louis, king of Holland (1806–1810), and his youngest brother Jerome Bonaparte, king of Westphalia(1807-1813).
Napoleon's son Napoleon François Charles Joseph (1811–1832) was created king of Rome (1811–1814) and was later styled Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Charles Louis Napoléon (1808–1873), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 and emperor in 1852 until 1870, reigning as Napoléon III. A political movement for Corsican independence surfaced in the 1990s which included a Bonapartist restoration in its programme.
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Jet Li
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Li Lianjie (Chinese: 李連杰; born April 26, 1963), better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese-born Singaporean martial artist, actor, and philanthropist best known for his martial arts and action films. He is widely regarded as one of the most iconic Chinese film stars, one of the most renowned martial arts stars of his generation, and one of the greatest martial arts stars in the history of cinema.
Early life and martial arts career.
Li began practising Wushu at the age of eight. Between 1974 and 1979, he won the title of Men's All-Around National Wushu Champion five times.
Li is a master of several styles of Wushu, especially Chángquán (Northern Longfist Style) and Fānziquán (Tumbling Fist). He has mastered Wushu's main weapons, such as the Sanjiegun (Three Section Staff), Gùn, Dao (Broadsword), and Jian (Straight Sword). He has also studied other arts including Baguazhang (Eight Trigram Palm), Taijiquan (Supreme Ultimate Fist), Xing Yi Quan (Shape Intent Fist), Zui Quan (Drunken Fist), Ying Zhao Quan (Eagle Claw Fist) and Tanglangquan (Praying Mantis Fist).
Film career.
After retiring from competitive Wushu at age 18, Li went on to win great acclaim as an actor. He made his debut with the Chinese-Hong Kong martial arts film "Shaolin Temple" (1982), which instantly catapulted him to stardom in East Asia.
Though continued success followed after two sequels ("Kids From Shaolin") and ("Martial Arts of Shaolin"), Li had a major breakthrough across Asia with the Tsui Hark-produced "Once Upon a Time in China" film series (1991–1993), where he portrayed Chinese folk hero Wong Fei-hung. He starred in his directorial debut film "Born to Defence" (1986), which saw Li, for the first time, playing a character in a period setting. Many of his 1990s martial arts films are regarded as classics of the genre, particularly "Swordsman II" (1992), "Fong Sai-yuk" (1993), and "Fist of Legend" (1994). Before transitioning to Hollywood in the late 1990s, Li reinvented himself from a period kung fu movie star to a modern action hero, appearing in several contemporary Hong Kong action films which fused guns and kung fu (Gun fu), most notably "High Risk" (1995), "Black Mask" (1996), and "Hitman" (1998).
Li made his Hollywood debut as a villain in the 1998 buddy cop action film "Lethal Weapon 4". His first leading role in a Hollywood film was as Han Sing in "Romeo Must Die" (2000). He went on to star in many international action films, including in French cinema with the Luc Besson-produced films "Kiss of the Dragon" (2001) and "Unleashed" (2005). He continued to be active in Chinese and Hong Kong cinema, appearing in the critically acclaimed film "Hero" (2002), "Fearless" (2006), which marked his final wushu martial arts film, and "The Warlords" (2007). For the latter, he became the highest paid actor in a Chinese-language movie, previously holding the record for his part in "Hero".
In 2008, he portrayed the title character villain in "" and starred in "The Forbidden Kingdom", which marked his first collaboration with fellow martial arts star Jackie Chan. After his hyperthyroidism diagnosis in 2010, Li stepped away from more physically demanding film roles. He played against type in the drama film "Ocean Heaven" (2010) and was part of the ensemble action film "The Expendables" (2010) and its two sequels.
Philanthropy.
After a long movie career, in 2007 Li turned to philanthropy. He founded the "One Foundation", an independent fundraising foundation in mainland China which mainly focuses on natural disaster relief, environmental protection, medical treatment, education and poverty problems. Since the start of the foundation, Li has been involved with recovery efforts in seven disasters, including the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the 2008 Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan, and the 2013 Lushan earthquake in Ya’an, Sichuan. Li also subsequently founded "Taiji Zen", an online health and wellness program providing instruction in meditation and Tai chi.
Artistry, influence and cultural impact.
Li's films often incorporate Buddhist themes, reflecting his personal Buddhist philosophy, as seen in films like "Shaolin Temple" (1982), "Hero" (2002), "Unleashed" (2005), and "Fearless" (2006).
Li is regarded as one of the most iconic Chinese film stars, one of the most renowned martial arts stars of his generation, and one of the greatest martial arts stars in the history of cinema. Li appeared on the cover of "Time" in both 2002, in which he appeared on the cover as a superstar in "Hero", and 2008, in which he appeared on the cover as the founder of his charity, One Foundation. In 2010, Li was named by "Time" as one of the 100 Most Influential People.
Li's movie career in China is credited with revitalising the Shaolin Temple (Shaolin Monastery) in Dengfeng, as the popular 1982 film "Shaolin Temple" is considered to be the film which sparked its rebirth. The film also spawned a revival of popularity in mainstream martial arts in China. Li is also credited with reviving wushu in Hong Kong martial arts films during the 1990s. Li is also noted for his contribution to making new wuxia films popular internationally during his career. Li’s career has crossed numerous cultural and geographic boundaries outside mainland China and Hong Kong, such as Hollywood and France.
Many martial artists and filmmakers have cited Li as an inspiration, such as Tony Jaa, Robin Shou, Mark Dacascos, Yayan Ruhian, Iko Uwais, Chad Stahelski, Daniel Wu, Jason Scott Lee, Jaden He Jingde, Lester Pimentel, Janice Hung, Cung Le, Zara Phythian, Silvio Simac, Kevin Lee, Gareth Evans, Israel Adesanya, Michael Page, Aung La Nsang, Rahul Raju, Song Yadong, Giga Chikadze, Ricky Turcios, Enkh-Orgil Baatarkhuu, John Albert, Cody Hackman, and Brandon Kahn. Li has also been listed as an influence on the "John Wick" series, the fictional video game character Johnny Gat, and Turnstile's "Glow On".
Personal life.
Li stands at a height of 5 ft 6 in. He weighs 145 lbs.
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Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel ("Sciurillus pusillus") is a very small squirrel species from South America. It is the only living member of the genus Sciurillus and the subfamily Sciurillinae.
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I'm Breathless" - Music from and Inspired by the movie "Dick Tracy is the second soundtrack album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on May 22, 1990, by Sire Records.
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Burnout Legends
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Burnout Legends is the fifth game in the popular "Burnout" franchise, specifically released for the PlayStation Portable on September 13, 2005, and the Nintendo DS on November 29, 2005.
References.
Notes
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Like A Virgin is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 12, 1984 by Sire Records.
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Blue, Arizona
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Blue is a small unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is in Greenlee County.
The community was first named for Nat Whittum, an original settler who was killed at the site in 1891. A post office was made at Whittum in 1894. Its name was changed to Blue in 1898. It is close to the Blue River.
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Ricardo Zonta
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Ricardo Luiz Zonta (born 23 March 1976 in Curitiba) is a Brazilian racecar driver.
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Jenson Button
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Jenson Alexander Lyons Button, MBE (born 19 January 1980 in Frome, Somerset) is a British Formula One driver currently signed to McLaren Mercedes. Button won the Formula One World Drivers' Champion in 2009. His father John Button (1943–2014) was a racing driver.
Formula One.
In 2000, Button joined the BMW WilliamsF1 Team at the age of 20, with Ralf Schumacher. He became the youngest driver to score a point at the Brazilian Grand Prix. He scored points six times during 2000, his highest place finish being in Germany where he finished fourth. His highest place on the grid for the start of the race was 3rd position in Belgium. He scored 12 points that year, and finished 8th in the championship.
In 2001, he changed teams to the Benetton team, and raced alongside Giancarlo Fisichella. He did not have much success. His best finish was 5th place at Hockenheim. Some people thought that Button would move teams because of his bad results, but stayed at the team for 2002, which was now called Renault. His results were much better than in 2001, scoring in the points many times and doing better than his teammate Jarno Trulli. He almost scored a podium result in Barcelona, but could not finish the race. Even though Button was doing well, Briatore signed Fernando Alonso for 2003, and Button had to find a new team. In July 2002, he signed for the BAR team, and would race with Jacques Villeneuve, who won the championship in 1997. Button finished the season in seventh with fourteen points, just ahead of Trulli.
Racing record.
Career summary.
Season in progress.
Complete Formula One results.
Season in progress.
Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.
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British American Racing
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British American Racing was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005. BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell, and used Supertec engines for their first year. Subsequently they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years.
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Bruce McLaren
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Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor. He was born on 30 August 1937 Auckland, New Zealand. Bruce McLaren was the founder of the company McLaren. As a child Bruce McLaren was interested in vehicles. While growing up he spent all of his spare time in his parents workshop, around all the vehicles. Over time Bruce McLaren developed his interest on vehicles. Bruces parents Les McLaren and Ruth Mclaren owned a service station in Remura Rd, Remura. Les McLaren had been interested in motorcycles and had, had an injury before Bruce was born, which put an end to his motorcycling hobby.
Bruce McLarens races.
in 1952 young bruce was only 14 and had entered his first race in an Austin 7 Ulster. It was a hillclimb. Two years later he took part in a proper race in a Ford 10.
Death.
Bruce McLaren died while testing out one of his cars. The car had no wing causing the car to flip and crash. The engine of the car rammed into Bruce McLaren. The car then went up in flames. All this happened at the Goodwood Circuit.
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Stirling Moss
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Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss OBE (17 September 1929 – 12 April 2020) was an English racing driver. His success in a variety of categories placed him among the world's elite – he was often called "the greatest driver never to win the World Championship". In 1957 he won the Pescara Grand Prix. Moss was knighted in 1999. He was born in London.
In December 2016, Moss was hospitalized in Singapore with a serious chest infection. As a result, Moss announced his retirement from public life in January 2018.
Moss died on 12 April 2020 at his home in Mayfair, London after a long-illness at the age of 90.
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Christijan Albers
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Christijan Albers () (born April 16, 1979 in Eindhoven) is a Dutch racing driver. After success in the DTM he drove in Formula One from until the 2007 British Grand Prix, shortly after which he was dropped by his Spyker F1 team. In 2008, he returned to the DTM-series as a driver for the Audi Futurecom TME-team.
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Michele Alboreto
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Michele Alboreto (23 December 1956 – 25 April 2001) was an Italian racing driver. He was born in Milan. He is famous for finishing runner up to Alain Prost in the 1985 Formula One World Championship, as well as winning the 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2001 12 Hours of Sebring sports car races. Alboreto competed in Formula One from until , racing for a number of teams, most notably the Ferrari factory team.
He was killed in an accident on a racetrack in Klettwitz, Brandenburg, Germany.
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Satoru Nakajima
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Satoru Nakajima (Japanese name: 中嶋 悟 ; born February 23, 1953) is a Japanese professional athlete. He is best known as a racecar driver.
He is the father of two sons who are also racecar drivers. Kazuki Nakajima and Daisuke Nakajima are each Formula One competitors.
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James Blunt
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James Blunt (born James Hillier Blount, 22 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter whose debut album, "Back to Bedlam", and single releases, especially "You're Beautiful", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire is a mix of pop, rock and acoustic-tinged soft rock. Recording for Linda Perry's independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two BRIT Awards and two Ivor Novello Awards, and was nominated for five Grammy Awards in 2006. He released his second album "All The Lost Souls", in 2007. James Blunt was also in the British Army until 2002.
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Gerhard Berger
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Gerhard Berger, (born August 27, 1959 in Wörgl) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver, who used to own 50% of the Scuderia Toro Rosso Formula One team until he sold his share back to energy drink owner Dietrich Mateschitz.
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Monarch butterfly
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The monarch butterfly ("Danaus plexippus") is an insect in the Nymphalidae family. It is the best-known butterfly in North America.
Monarchs are known for their long annual migrations. In North America, they travel long distances south in the fall, and north in the spring. They start to migrate south in about August. They must get to frost-free areas. Freezing will kill them. A migration towards the north starts in the spring.
No single individual makes the whole round trip. The migration north spans the life of three to four generations of the butterfly. A longer-lived "super generation" flies from the northern-most parts of the butterfly's range in Canada all the way to Mexico. It overwinters in the south, and breeds in the spring to start the next generation flying north. The following reference gives a map of the migration routes.
Description.
Caterpillar.
The monarch caterpillar is banded with yellow, black, and white stripes. The head is also striped with yellow and black. There are four black body extensions, two on each end of the body. They look similar to antennae. The caterpillar will be as long as 5 cm (2 inches).
Adults.
The monarch butterfly has a wingspan that ranges from 8.9 to 10.2 centimeters (3½ to 4 inches).
The upper side of the wings are orange with black edges and veins. There are white spots in the black wing margins. The male has a spot on his bottom wing. The spot gives out scents which attract females. The viceroy butterfly ("Limenitis archippus") is similar. It has an extra black band across the bottom wing. The underside of the wings is a tan-orange color with black veins. The wing margins are black with white spots in them.
A white form of the monarch has been seen in Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia and the United States. It has been seen as early as 1896. It was named "nivosus" by lepidopterists (a lepidopterist is a person who studies butterflies and moths). It is grayish white in all areas of the wings that are normally orange. The white form makes up about 1% or less of all monarchs except for on Oahu, Hawaii where it has kept populations as high as 10%. The existence of two or more forms of a species in the same area is quite common, and is called polymorphism.
Range and distribution.
In North America, the monarch is found from southern Canada to northern South America. It sometimes wanders to western Europe, sometimes as far as Greece. It reaches Europe from being transported by USA ships. It can also wander to Europe by flying there if weather and wind conditions are right. It has also been found in Bermuda, Hawaii, the Solomons, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, Ceylon, India, the Azores, and the Canary Islands.
Migration.
Monarch butterflies are known for their long annual migration. In North America, they make large migrations towards the south starting in August until the first frost. A migration towards the north takes place in the spring. No single individual makes the whole round trip. Female monarchs lay eggs for the next generation during these migrations.
By the end of October, the monarchs that are east of the Rocky Mountains migrate to Mexico. Many thousands from the Great Lakes region pass through Point Pelee National Park. They migrate to the sanctuaries of the Mariposa Monarca Biosphere Reserve in the Mexican states of Michoacán and Mexico. Most of the monarchs that are west of the Rocky Mountains do not travel all the way down to Mexico. Instead, they overwinter (spend the winter) in many places in central and southern California.
While in Mexico, the monarchs gather in very large numbers to rest. They perch on suitable trees and bushes by clinging (hold on to tightly) with their feet. They cling to each other making layers and layers of resting Monarchs overwintering. This was discovered by Fred Urquhart of the University of Toronto, who studied monarch butterflies for nearly forty years. He knew the Monarchs migrated because he would stop seeing them after a certain time of the year. He put a label on each Monarch he found. On this label was his name, address, and a request to send him the butterfly if it was found.
A few months later, people from all over North America and Mexico began returning his labelled butterflies to him. Mexico was the southernmost area from which he had received a butterfly, so he started traveling there to look for the Monarchs. For many years, he traveled to Mexico. There he climbed through jungles, walked through forests, and talked to the people he found. He finally heard there was a place west of Mexico City where people had seen lots of monarchs all together. After a long search, He finally found millions of monarch butterflies covering every part of the area.
During the spring migration, the population that is east of the Rocky Mountains may reach as far north as Texas and Oklahoma. The second, third and fourth generations return to their northern places in the United States and Canada in the spring.
Habitat.
The Monarch can be found in many different kinds of habitats. When it is breeding, it is found in habitats with milkweed (a kind of plant). Some of these habitats include, fields, meadows, prairies, parks in or near cities, gardens, and roadsides. The monarch can be found in almost any kind of habitat during migration. It overwinters in pine, cypress, and eucalyptus groves in California. It overwinters in fir forests and pine groves in Mexico.
Much of the monarch's breeding habitat is not good anymore. In some states and provinces, milkweed is thought to be a weed. In these places, the milkweed is killed to keep livestock from eating it and becoming sick. Moreover, herbicides use, especially with genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants, eliminate milkweed. With fewer milkweed plants, the monarch does not have as much habitat to breed in.
Habitat destruction has been a concern as the number of monarch butterflies that completed an annual migration to their winter home in a Mexican forest sank in 2013 to its lowest level in at least two decades, due mostly to extreme weather and changed farming practices in North America. The Mexican forest occupied by the butterflies, once as high at , dwindled to in the annual census conducted December 2012.
Life cycle.
The monarch butterfly goes through complete metamorphosis.
Egg.
The female lays her eggs one by one. They are laid on the underside of the leaves of caterpillar's food plant. The eggs are light yellow. Freshly laid eggs are creamy-white. After three to four days, they turn dark gray. The egg usually weighs about 0.54 milligrams. It is about 1.2 millimeters long. Its diameter is about 0.87 millimeters (average on 55 eggs).
Caterpillar.
The caterpillar hatches out of the egg. The young caterpillar is a gray-black color with a black head. After the first molt (shedding its skin) the caterpillar is banded with yellow, black, and white stripes. The head is also striped with yellow and black. There are four black body extensions, two on each end of the body. They look similar to antennae. The caterpillar will reach a length of 5 centimeters (2 inches). The caterpillar eats the leaves and flowers of the food plant. It make no nests or shelters. It grows very quickly, and because of this, it molts four to five times.
Chrysalis.
After the caterpillar molts one last time, it makes a chrysalis. A chrysalis is not the same as a cocoon. The monarch caterpillar attaches its back end (posterior) to a support, and hangs downward in the shape of the letter 'J'. The inside of the caterpillar's body begins to change and it splits its skin to form the blue-green chrysalis. The blue-green chrysalis has a band of black and bright gold near the top. There are other gold spots lower down. After spending many weeks in the chrysalis, the adult finally comes out as a butterfly.
Species similar in appearance.
The viceroy ("Limenitis archippus") is similar to but is smaller than the monarch. It has an extra black band across the bottom wing that the monarch does not have.
The queen ("Danaus gilippus") is dark reddish-brown instead of orange. It does not have black veins. There are white spots on the top wing submarginal (near the edge of the wing) area. These spots are on both the upper side and the underside.
The soldier ("Danaus eresimus") is also dark reddish-brown instead of orange. It has thin, black veins. The underside of the bottom wing has a dark center. It has light brown, square-shaped spots around the dark center.
Mimicry.
Monarchs are bad-tasting and poisonous because they contain a chemical known as cardenolide (cardiac glycoside). The chemical slows the heart-beat of vertebrates. Monarch caterpillars get this chemical when they feed on milkweed.
When the monarch becomes a butterfly, it no longer eats milkweed, but it still has the chemical in its body. The butterfly shows that they are not good to eat with their bright orange and black wings. This is warning coloration. A bird may try to eat a monarch, but it will become sick and vomit after eating it. After this experience, the bird learns not to eat another monarch, and also any other butterfly which is similar in appearance. The viceroy is similar looking to the monarch, but does not have the milkweed poison in its body. Birds that have had the bad experience of eating a monarch will usually not eat a viceroy. It is an example of Müllerian mimicry.
Threats.
Predators.
Overwintering Monarchs in Mexico are often eaten by black-headed grosbeaks. These birds are immune to the glycoside. Other birds, such as orioles and jays, have learned to eat only the thoracic muscles and the body parts inside the abdomen. These parts have less poison than the rest of the body. Some mice are also immune to large amounts of the poison. Over time, overwintering monarchs become less poisonous. This makes them more likely to be eaten by predators. In Mexico, about 14% of the overwintering Monarchs are eaten by birds and mice.
On Oahu, Hawaii, there is a white form of the Monarch. This is because two species of birds have been introduced. The two birds are known as the red-vented bulbul and the red-whiskered bulbul. They were introduced in 1965 and 1966. They are now the most common insectivorous birds. They are probably the only birds that eat insects as big as the monarch. Monarchs in Hawaii have low cardiac glycoside levels, but the birds may be immune to the chemical. The two bird species eat the caterpillars and sometimes the chrysalids. They look for them on branches and the underside of leaves in milkweed bushes. The birds also eat resting adults and egg-laying females. They eat flying monarchs less often. The white form has a higher chance of living than the orange one. The white form does not fit the birds' search image of a normal monarch, and so it is not eaten. This kind of defense is known as apostatic selection. The white form is also camouflaged in patches of light shining through groups of leaves.
Parasites.
Parasites include the tachinid flies "Sturmia convergens" and "Lesperia archippivora". Caterpillars that have the "Lesperia archippivora" maggots inside them will finish their last molt. They will then hang upside down on a horizontal surface. They die before they turn into a chrysalis. At that time one white maggot comes out of the caterpillar. The maggot then forms a brown pupa on the ground.
The bacteria "Micrococcus flacidifex danai" also infects the caterpillar and causes “black death”. Just before turning into a chrysalis, the caterpillar will find a horizontal surface. They die a few hours later. The body turns black shortly after. The bacteria "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" causes infections in weakened insects. It is a common cause of death in insects that are raised in laboratories.
Relationship with humans.
The monarch is the state insect of Alabama, Idaho, Illinois, Minnesota, and Texas. It is the state butterfly of
Vermont and West Virginia.
It was nominated in 1990 as the national insect of the United States of America. It was nominated along with the honeybee ("Apis mellifera"). However, the legislation did not pass.
Many people like to attract monarchs by growing a butterfly garden with the plant "Asclepias physocarpa". Others like raising them for fun or for educational purposes. Sanctuaries have been made for migrating Monarchs. The sanctuaries are found at the monarch's favorite overwintering places. These migrations can create a lot of tourism revenue.
Many schools also enjoy caring for monarchs. They start with caterpillars. When the caterpillars mature into butterflies, they are then set free into the wild.
Some organizations, such as the Cape May Bird Observatory, have monarch labeling programs. Labels are placed on the wing of the butterfly. The labels have information on them. This helps scientists track the monarchs during their migration. It also helps the scientists study the paths that the monarchs take on their migration.
Adult food sources.
Adult Monarchs have been seen on a number of different nectar plants. Here is a list of some of them:
Males will also take in water and minerals from damp soil and small, wet rocks. This is known as "puddling". The Monarch has also been seen puddling at an oil stain on pavement.
Food plants.
Here is a list of plants that the Monarch caterpillar eats:
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Naturalism (philosophy)
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Naturalism is "the view of the world that takes account only of natural elements and forces, excluding the supernatural or spiritual.". It is the school of thought which states "the natural world is the whole of reality". The term was first used this way in English in 1750.
It is a kind of philosophy called metaphysical, because it covers everything: "nature is all there is, and all basic truths are truths of nature".
All the things and powers which are commonly called supernatural, such as God, souls or witchcraft do not exist, according to this position - naturalists (people who practice naturalism) however, are not "denying" the existence of the supernatural. Instead, Naturalism asserts that everything observable, testable, and causally effective operates under the laws of nature — and crucially, that we have no justified reason to assume the existence of anything beyond those laws until evidence suggests otherwise. Currently, no usable evidence for any form of supernaturalism exists, hence the existence of Naturalism.
Method and science.
Methodological or scientific naturalism is concerned with practical methods for acquiring knowledge.
Many scientists use the scientific method for their research. Hypotheses are to be explained and tested only by reference to natural causes and events.
Explanations for observations are only useful when they are based on hypotheses of natural causes. An explanation that relies on a natural mechanism that works according to certain rules is usable. Explanations that need miracles to work are not.
Methodological naturalism is the principle underlying all of modern science. Some philosophers extend this idea, so that it applies to all of philosophy as well. Science and philosophy, according to this view, are said to form a continuum. W.V. Quine, George Santayana, and other philosophers have advocated this view.
A number of other philosophical ideas are similar to naturalism:
Other websites.
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Heinz Sielmann
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Heinz Sielmann (June 2, 1917 in Rheydt, Germany – October 6, 2006 in Munich) was a world famous wildlife photographer, zoologist and documentary filmmaker.
Heinz Sielmann was degree in Biology and specialized in Zoology, in 1940, at the Imperial Posen University (Poland).
His work includes award-winning movies like "Lords of the Forest" (better known in the USA under its title "Masters of the Congo Jungle" (1959), the English version narrated by Orson Welles, "Galapagos - Dream Island in the Pacific" (1962), "Vanishing Wilderness", and "The Mystery of Animal Behavior".
His series "Expeditionen ins Tierreich" ("Expeditions into the Animal Kingdom") broadcast on national German Television from 1965 to 1991, made him well known in Germany.
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Green Screen
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Green Screen is an international wildlife movie festival. Since 2007 it takes place every year in Eckernförde, Germany. The festival shows full-length and short movies about animals. It is the only festival of its kind in Germany.
The awarded trophy is made of natural sand.
The festival also shows classic nature documentaries.
Since 2008 a special prize for filmmakers is named after the famous filmmaker Heinz Sielmann.
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Lars Petrus
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Lars Petrus (1960 - Present) is a Sweedish Speedcuber. He invented the Petrus method of solving the Rubik's Cube. He became the Swedish national champion of speedcubing in 1982. He finished fourth place at the first official Rubik's Cube World Championships held in Budapest.
Other websites.
Official website
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The Rite of Spring
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The Rite of Spring ("Le Sacre du Printemps") is a ballet in two parts. It was written for the 1913 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company.
The music was written by Igor Stravinsky. The dances, which Stravinsky hated, were choreographed by Vaslav Nijinsky. The style of the dance was not in traditional ballet form, but as what Nijinsky imagined to be a primitive ritual. Stravinsky complained that Nijinsky had no understanding of the rudiments of music. The set and costumes were designed by Nicholas Roerich.
The ballet was first performed by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes at the Theatre du Champs-Élysées in Paris on 29 May 1913. The dress rehearsal met with approval from critics and invited guests, but the premiere was greeted with tumult and riot, only stilled by the performance of Marie Piltz as the sacrificial maiden. Subsequent performances were received with growing appreciation, but the ballet's great difficulties forced it to be presented only six times.
The ballet was revived in 1920 by the Ballets Russes, but the music had been performed in its entirety in concert before the revival. Nijinsky's dances had been forgotten so Leonide Massine (who had not seen the original performances) designed the dances anew. These met with Stravinsky's approval. In 1940, Walt Disney used the music to accompany a segment of the animated movie "Fantasia". This segment depicted lumbering dinosaurs and smoldering volcanoes.
Starting about 1910, there was a movement called Neue Musik (translates as "New Music"). People in this movement tried many new thingd. Today, The Rite of Spring is seen as one of the key pieces of this movement.
Stravinsky's music.
The music lasts about 40 minutes, and is divided into two parts. It has the subtitle "Pictures from Pagan Russia". Stravinsky had the idea of composing music which was about country people from old times in Russia who danced a fertility rite. This means: a ceremony which is supposed to bring good luck to the next year’s harvest. In this ancient Russian dance, one young girl is chosen to dance and dance until she dies. She is the sacrifice. She is sacrificed to the god of spring.
How Stravinsky wrote the score.
The painter Nicholas Roerich talked with Stravinsky about the idea for this ballet in 1910. Stravinsky started writing down musical ideas while he was still working on his ballet "The Firebird". Then he worked on "Petrushka". In 1912 he was able to concentrate on "The Rite of Spring". All these ballets were composed for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
First performance.
"The Rite of Spring" was first performed by the Ballets Russes on 29 May 1913 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The conductor was Pierre Monteux. The audience were shocked at the primitive kind of dancing and the irregular rhythms and strange orchestral sounds and unusual chords. Nijinsky’s choreography was so different from classical ballet. Nijinsky found it difficult to work with Stravinsky and difficult to work with the music.
Carl Van Vechten described the scene as follows:
"A certain part of the audience was thrilled by what it considered to be a blasphemous attempt to destroy music as an art, and, swept away with wrath, began very soon after the rise of the curtain, to make cat-calls and to offer audible suggestions as to how the performance should proceed. The orchestra played unheard, except occasionally when a slight lull occurred. The young man seated behind me in the box stood up during the course of the ballet to enable himself to see more clearly. The intense excitement under which he was labouring betrayed itself presently when he began to beat rhythmically on top of my head with his fists. My emotion was so great that I did not feel the blows for some time".
Marie Rambert heard someone in the gallery call out: "Un docteur … un dentiste … deux docteurs…". The second performance (June 4) was fortunately less eventful and, according to Maurice Ravel, the entire work could actually be heard.
The complicated music and violent dance steps caused some to boo. They started to shout and whistle. They argued, and other people who liked it argued back. Then some people started to fight. In the end the police were called. Stravinsky was very upset and ran out of the theatre. The performance was a scandal, but this actually made people curious and soon the ballet became very famous. It was performed six times that season, and there were no more interruptions during the other performances.
Themes.
"The Rite of Spring" is divided into two parts, and each part has several sections:
Musical characteristics.
Stravinsky's music has many complex harmonies with dissonant sounds. There are passages with polyrhythms (several rhythms at once) as well as polytonality (music in several keys at once). The time signatures keep changing, and he often uses ostinati (repeated patterns).
Stravinsky wanted his music to describe the releasing of lots of energy. Most composers would have done this by using a lot of percussion instruments. However, although two players are needed for the timpani, there are not many other percussion instruments. Instead, the whole orchestra becomes a kind of percussion instrument. Also, the music often sounds like Russian folkmusic.
Instrumentation.
"The Rite of Spring" uses a very large orchestra with some unusual instruments. There are almost 100 people playing the piece. Here is a list of the instruments used:
The dance.
Nijinsky's choreography was thought almost as shocking as the music. The idea is: a tribe sacrifices a young virgin each year in the Spring to please their gods, and make sure crops grow well. The dancers adopt a pigeon-toed stance (position); their moves are heavy. They move together in groups; their movements are like a ritual. They look like a primitive tribe performing a ritual. The ritual moves towards the sacrifice of the girl. "The Rite of Spring" is a link between classical ballet and modern dance.p395
Reconstruction of the ballet.
Nijinsky's choreography has not been kept very well, but there have been efforts in recent years to reconstruct his performance, using costumes and set designs that look like the original ones from 1912. The Royal Ballet in London has a compact disc which discusses Bronislava Nijinska's directions for the dance in a modern (post WWII) production of the ballet.
Fantasia.
"The Rite of Spring" became even more popular when Walt Disney used some of the music in his animated movie "Fantasia" in 1940. It is used in the film to describe early life on planet earth with dinosaurs roaming about.
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Recapitulation theory
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The theory of recapitulation was a theory that linked evolution (the change in organisms over time) with embryology (the way organisms develop before they are born). The theory stated that before they are born, organisms pass through developmental stages that look like adult animals of other species, in roughly the same order that these other species split off during evolution.
Étienne Serres first proposed this idea in 1824–26. In 1886 Ernst Haekel suggested that the embryonic development of an organism (its ontogeny) followed the same path as the evolutionary history of its species (its phylogeny). It's also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism.
Although there is something to this idea, it is no longer thought to be such a useful way to look at development.
Haeckel's theory.
Haeckel formulated his theory as "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". Ontogeny is the steps an organism takes in its development before it is born, starting as a single cell and ending as a baby. Phylogeny is the steps a species takes in its development, starting as a very simple organism and evolving into the current organism. "Recapitulates" is a synonym for "reflects" and implies that the ontogeny of an organism is similar to the phylogeny of its species.
For example, Haeckel realized that before they are born, there is a time when humans have slits in their necks. These slits look like the gills on adult fishes. Haeckel took this to mean that some time before our species became human, we were fish-like. This view is supported by the fossil record and other evidence. As the unborn human gets closer to being born, it develops a tail. In fact, some human babies are even born with tails. Haeckel concluded, again correctly, that at some time in humanities more recent evolutionary past (after we had gone through our fish stage) the species that would go on to become humans had a tail.
However, not all of Haeckel's evidence or conclusions were this good. Haeckel produced several embryo drawings that often overemphasized similarities between embryos of related species. These found their ways into many biology textbooks, and into popular knowledge, even though they were wrong. Furthermore, Haeckel used this "evidence" to conclude that white people were evolutionary superior to people of other races. Not only is this a racist view, but we know today that it is not true.
Rejection.
Today, scientists think that Haeckel overstated the case. For example, the "gills" of a developing human do not work (though Haekel never said they did). Furthermore, as better observations were made, it was discovered that developing babies don't look exactly like the pictures Haeckel drew. He may have exaggerated what he saw in order to support his point better. Also, Haekel's discussion was entirely about morphology: he did not discuss the evolution and development of animal behaviour.
However, this is not to say that nothing about the theory makes sense. It is true that our ontogeny gives clues about our phylogeny. However, the relationship is not nearly as direct as Haeckel said it was. In fact, Haekel's over-emphatic claims led in due course to over-emphatic rejections.
Modern observations.
Today, scientists agree that some parts of Haeckel's theory still make sense. For example:
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Chopstick
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Mount Tambora
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Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) is an active volcano in Indonesia. It is on top of a subduction zone. Tambora was about two-thirds taller(or about 1,449 meters, 4746 feet) before its explosive volcanic eruption in 1815. This killed tens of thousands of people around the world. Later eruptions have been smaller.
History.
When the volcano erupted in 1815, it climaxed on 10 April. It was the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index(VEI) of 7. It has been estimated that it was four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma and lava ejected. Before the explosion, Tambora was 4,300 m (14,100 ft) high, now it is only 2,722 m (8,930 ft) high. Its massive crater is therefore a caldera.
The eruption destroyed a small Asian culture, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the fallout ruined farming in the local region. The death toll was at least 71,000 people, of whom 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption. The often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be overestimated.
It released 160 cubic kilometers of ash into the upper atmosphere. This caused famine around the world. Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. With a VEI of 7, it was one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the 180 AD "Hatepe eruption" of Taupo Volcano and the 969 AD eruption of Baekdu Mountain. The explosion was heard on Sumatra island more than away. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands.
Climate change.
Because of the ash released which blocked out the Sun, the eruption caused a global climate change known as the "volcanic winter". 1816 became known as the "Year without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century.
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Louis, Grand Dauphin
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Louis of France, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France and his wife, Maria Theresa of Spain. He was called the "Grand Dauphin" (which is "Le Grand Dauphin" in French) because his great-grandson who was the son of Louis XV and the father of Louis XVI, Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765).
He married twice. His first wife was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. They married in 1680 and had 3 children together. She died in 1690. His second was Marie Émilie de Joly from their marriage in 1695 until Louis's death in 1711. They had one son, who died in 1697.
Louis never became king as he died before his father did therefore, the heir became his eldest child, Louis, Duke of Burgundy. However, the Duke of Burgundy died a year later so the heir became the Duke of Burgundy's son, Louis XV.
Issue.
Thus, through Burgundy and Anjou, Louis ensured the continuation of the senior Bourbon line on the throne of France and the establishment of the cadet Spanish Bourbon dynasty respectively.
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Cavoodle
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Northern pintail
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The northern pintail or pintail ("Anas acuta") is a widely occurring duck which breeds in the northern areas of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migratory and winters south of its breeding range to the equator. Unusually for a bird with such a large range, it has no geographical subspecies if the possibly conspecific Eaton's Pintail is considered to be a separate species.
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Donington Park
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Donington Park is a park and motor racing track near Derbyshire in North West Leicestershire, England.
The land was part of the Donington Hall estate. Tom Wheatcroft owns it. It is mainly used as a motor racing track, but the land is also used for music festivals and a Sunday market.
In July 2009, it was announced that the Formula One British Grand Prix would be at Donington Park from 2010 until 2020. However, by November that year, money had not been raised to improve the track and the hosting of the Grand Prix remained in doubt.
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European Grand Prix
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The European Grand Prix (sometimes called the Grand Prix of Europe) is a Formula One race. It was reintroduced during the mid-1980s. It has been held regularly since 1999.
In earlier years, one of the national Grands Prix was also called the "European" Grand Prix. The first race to be so named was the 1923 Italian Grand Prix, held at Monza and won by Carlo Salamano in a Fiat. Since , the European Grand Prix is a separate race. It is usually held in a country that also holds a national Grand Prix.
Winners of the European Grands Prix.
Repeat winners (drivers).
Only includes standalone events
Repeat winners (constructors).
Only includes standalone events.
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Omote-sando Station
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Omote-sandō Station (表参道駅、おもてさんどうえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan.
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Toyota Racing
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Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese car maker Toyota and based in Cologne, Germany. Toyota announced their plans to join F1 in 1999, and after a long time testing with their TF101 car, the team raced for the first time in 2002. The new team has grown from Toyota's long standing European "Toyota Motorsport" organisation, which has previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 hours of Le Mans. Despite a point in their first ever race, Toyota F1 have not yet won a grand prix, their best finish so far being 2nd place in 2005, during which they achieved three podiums and a pole position, as well as finishing fourth in the world constructors' championship with 88 points.
Complete Formula One results.
As a works (factory) team.
† Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed
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Phil Hill
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Philip Toll Hill, Jr., (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American automobile racer and the only American-born driver to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically.
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Jacques Villeneuve
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Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve, OQ (born April 9, 1971 in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec) is a Canadian automobile racing driver. He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, and is the namesake of his uncle (also a racer).
He raced in Formula One from 1996 to 2006, driving for Williams, BAR, Renault and BMW Sauber. He won the world championship in 1997 with Williams, in only his second season, the first person to do so that quickly (except for the 1950 season, the very first season in F1).
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Tony Stewart
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Anthony Wayne Stewart (born May 20, 1971 in Columbus, Indiana) is an American race car driver. He drives the #14 Chevrolet SS in the NASCAR Sprint Cup series. For most of his career in NASCAR, Stewart was driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, but now owns his own team called Stewart Haas Racing. Hurt in August, he could not take a NASCAR start til the end of 2013.
Career.
Tony Stewart started racing in Go-Karts. Then, in 1991, he moved into the United States Auto Club (USAC) series where he won the Rookie of the Year award. This award is given to the best first year driver in the series.
Stewart started racing in the Winston Cup series (now called the Sprint Cup series) in 1999. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing. He finished in second place in his first race. Stewart went on to win the Sprint Cup Championship in 2002. In 2009, Stewart began racing for his own team, named Stewart Haas Racing. Stewart won the 2011 Sprint Cup Championship, beating Carl Edwards. Stewart and Edwards finished the season tied in points, but Tony had won more races during the year then Edwards, so Stewart was given the championship. In 2015, Stewart said that 2016 would be his final year racing in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Stewart exited NASCAR fully after the 2024 season, when Stewart-Haas Racing shut down.
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Wantage
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Wantage is a town in the Vale of the White Horse, near the Thames Valley, in the English county of Berkshire, and about south-southwest of Oxford. It is famous for being the birthplace of King Alfred the Great.
Local government.
Wantage has a town council consisting of sixteen councillors, twelve of whom are Liberal Democrats (2007). It is also part of the district of the Vale of White Horse.
Transport.
Wantage sits at the crossing of the B4507 valley road, the A417 Reading to Cirencester road and the A338 Hungerford (and junction 14 of the M4 motorway) to Oxford road.
Wantage is connected to Oxford, Didcot, Abingdon and Faringdon by regular bus services. The fastest public bus journey from Wantage to Oxford takes about 45 minutes, the slowest can take over 1 hour 15 minutes.
History.
King Alfred the Great was born here in the 9th century. Wantage appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. Its value was £61 and it was in the king's ownership until 1190. Troops of the king were stationed in Wantage during the English Civil War.
Since 1848, Wantage has been home to the Community of Saint Mary the Virgin, one of the largest communities of Anglican nuns in the world.
Twinning.
Wantage is twinned with:
The town was twinned with Seesen (Germany) in 1979 and Mably (France) in 1990.
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A Haunting
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A Haunting is an American paranormal drama anthology television series. It was about different hauntings that have occurred in different parts of the U.S. Due to the high audience levels, the series became a weekly program on the Discovery Channel for the United States, being produced by Larry Silverman. There were 115 episodes.
Overview.
The episodes tell a chronicle of paranormal phenomena in real life told in astonishment by their own protagonists. This chilling series chronicles some of the most shocking supernatural stories in the United States. Tragedy, suicide and murder confront ordinary people with terrifying situations. It is currently broadcast in some Latin American countries and in Europe only in Spain.
Narrations in first person, clarify the mysteries and the causes of each and every one of the stories. Ultimately, Tales from Beyond the Grave delves into the mysteries surrounding the innocent owners of haunted homes. All the inexplicable events can turn into tragedy, if the disturbed spirits that inhabit the houses of the protagonists insist on recording their last word.
Episodes.
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>
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Sage
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The sage (also called wise old man or "Senex") is a character who often appears in literature and mythology. He is an old man who is very wise. In times of trouble people go to ask the sage for advice. The sage is a very calm, intelligent old man. He is like a father-figure or grandfather-figure. He gives sensible advice or judgment.
In some stories the sage is seen as"foreign" in some way, that is, he is different from the other people of that culture. Merlin is a good example of this, as he was only half human.
The psychologist Carl Jung called him a "senex". This is Latin for old man. Jung sees him as someone who realizes that the young person is going to be the hero of the story, and he himself is just an advisor.
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Le Sacre du Printemps
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Władysław I Herman
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Władysław I Herman (ca. 1044 - 4 June 1102), was a Duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.
He was the second son of Casimir I the Restorer by his wife Maria Dobroniega, daughter of Vladimir the Great, Grand Duke of Kiev.
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Felipe González
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Felipe González Márquez (born 5 March 1942) is a former Spanish socialist politician. He was the General Secretary of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) from 1974 to 1997. To date, he remains the longest-serving Prime Minister of Spain, after having served four successive mandates from 1982 to 1996. He is married and has three children.
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The Game (rapper)
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Jayceon Terrell Taylor (born November 29, 1979), better known by his stage name The Game (or simply Game), is an American rapper and actor. He became famous in 2005 with the success of his debut album, "The Documentary", and his two Grammy nominations. Since then, he is considered to be a driving force in bringing back the West Coast hip hop scene into the mainstream and competing with many of his East Coast counterparts.
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Karen Blixen
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Baroness Karen Christentze von Blixen-Finecke (born Dinesen; 17 April 1885 – 7 September 1962) was a Danish author who wrote works in Danish and English. She is also known under her pen names Isak Dinesen, used in English-speaking countries, Tania Blixen, used in German-speaking countries, Osceola, and Pierre Andrézel.
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Hackleton
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Hackleton, Northamptonshire, England, is a large village that is neighboured by Piddington and Horton.
The village has a post office, village shop, local butchers and the White Hart pub. There is also a village hall, where meetings and events are held.
Behind the school, Hackleton C of E Primary, is the recreation ground. It is most commonly known as 'The Rec'. It has play equipment.
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Euptoieta
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Euptoieta is a genus of butterflies. "Euptoieta" belongs in the family Nymphalidae.
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Dar-es-Salaam
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