qid int64 0 12.2k | id stringlengths 36 36 | question stringlengths 5 1.05k | answers listlengths 1 1 | correct_option listlengths 1 1 | options listlengths 4 4 | context stringlengths 78 21.2k | distractors listlengths 3 3 | similar_entity stringlengths 1 202 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 9e86cec4-f056-4fda-adc5-274c38bf4216 | DVT, investigation of choice is: | [
"X-ray"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Duplex scan",
"Plethysmography",
"Venography",
"X-ray"
] | * USG- Anatomical delineation* Doppler- To assess vascular flow* Duplex scan - Combination of anatomical delineation and vascular flow assessment.* Duplex scan is the IOC for diagnosis of DVT and varicose veins. | [
"Duplex scan",
"Plethysmography",
"Venography"
] | Venography |
101 | a4097b84-8779-4e3b-9ce5-dcead87f2d4b | Level 3 axillary lymph nodes : | [
"Central"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Anterior",
"Posterior",
"Central",
"Apical"
] | Level III axillary lymph nodes are part of Apical axilla. They include the nodes which lies medial to medial margin of pectoralis minor, namely, subclavicular, infraclavicular or apical. The apical lymph nodes drain lymph from anterior, posterior, central and lateral group of axillary lymph nodes. So they are the termi... | [
"Anterior",
"Posterior",
"Apical"
] | Posterior |
102 | 529a56d8-0b62-4b9e-b5d7-944176327757 | Which of the following is NOT a form of cannabis: | [
"Charas"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Bhang",
"Charas",
"Cocaine",
"Ganja"
] | ocaineRef: The Essentials ofFSM by K.S. Narayan Reddy 31sted. / 562-63* Cannabis and its products contain (-) D-9TetraHydroCoannabinol (D9-THC).* It is obtained from Indian hemp plant known as cannabis Sativa.* Different parts of this plants give different products:# Dried leaves: Bhang# Dried female inflorescence: Gan... | [
"Bhang",
"Cocaine",
"Ganja"
] | Ganja |
103 | 7905de99-bf84-4428-bd8a-7f904563b5ac | The 'catalytic triad' in the active centre of proteases contains the following amino acids? | [
"Ser, Lys, Arg"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Ser, Lys, Arg",
"Ser, His, Asp",
"His, Phe, Trp",
"None of the above"
] | A catalytic triad is a group of three amino acids that are found in the active sites of some proteases involved in catalysis.In chymotrypsin, the catalytic triad is made from serine, histidine, and aspaate.Harper 30th edition pg: 93 | [
"Ser, His, Asp",
"His, Phe, Trp",
"None of the above"
] | His, Phe, Trp |
104 | cbab980f-c015-4408-bddc-5b844e5805ad | All are tests for vestibular function EXCEPT: | [
"Fistula test"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Galvanic stimulation",
"Fistula test",
"Acoustic reflex",
"Cold caloric test"
] | The acoustic reflex/ Stapedius reflex/ Attenuation reflex/ Auditory reflex It is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli When presented with a high-intensity sound stimulus, the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles of the ossicles contract. The stapedi... | [
"Galvanic stimulation",
"Acoustic reflex",
"Cold caloric test"
] | Galvanic stimulation |
105 | bc35959c-b17d-408d-b446-cd58b7482f9a | Medullary carcinoma thyroid arises from ? | [
"Stroma of the gland"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Parafollicular cells",
"Cells lining the acini",
"Capsule of thyroid",
"Stroma of the gland"
] | Parafollicular cells The unique feature of Medullary carcinoma thyroid is that unlike other carcinomas of thyroid they are not derived from the cells of the thyroid follicle, instead they are derived from calcitonin secreting parafollicular cells (C cells) which are neural crest derivatives. Thyroid neoplasm can arise ... | [
"Parafollicular cells",
"Cells lining the acini",
"Capsule of thyroid"
] | Parafollicular cells |
106 | 0cbdf338-339f-468e-8fe8-f72454134bfb | Which of the following hepatitis viruses is a DNA virus ? | [
"Hepatitis C virus"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Hepatitis C virus",
"Hepatitis B virus",
"Delta agent",
"Hepatitis E virus"
] | Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Hepatitis B virus is the most widespread virus and the most impoant cause of viral hepatitis. o HBV belongs to Hepadna viridae HBV is hepadnavirus type -1 Hepatitis B is the only hepatitis virus which has DNA. All others are RNA viruses. HBV contains two linear strands of DNA. ... | [
"Hepatitis B virus",
"Delta agent",
"Hepatitis E virus"
] | Hepatitis E virus |
107 | 62de6be9-120d-4b3e-be4b-4bb7ae44242c | Which of the chemical is used in forgery for removing ink? | [
"Ammonia"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Oxalic acid",
"Acetic acid",
"Formic acid",
"Ammonia"
] | Oxalic acid is used in cleaning iron rust, bleaching & dyeing. Ink remover solutionQin cases of forgery. | [
"Oxalic acid",
"Acetic acid",
"Formic acid"
] | Acetic acid |
108 | d95dfd59-1147-4a81-a751-6a6c8d367053 | Which of the following is not a precipitating factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease - | [
"Hypoxia"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyponatremia",
"Hypoxia",
"Metabolic acidosis"
] | Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver disease. As it progresses, delirium is followed by coma. Simple delirium needs to be differentiated from delirium tremens and Wernicke's encephalopathy, and coma from subdural haematoma, which can occur in alcoholics after a fall . Features include c... | [
"Hypokalemia",
"Hyponatremia",
"Metabolic acidosis"
] | Hyponatremia |
109 | 696fb565-382f-4880-9a9a-f8c5c3d95c09 | Methotrexate blocks the synthesis of thymidine monophosphate by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme: | [
"Dihydroorotase"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Dihydrofolate reductase",
"Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase",
"Ribonucleotide reductase",
"Dihydroorotase"
] | . Dihydrofolate reductasea. Synthesis of nucleic acids take place by de-nove and salvage pathway. In pyrimidine synthesis thymidine monophosphate is synthesized from uridine monophosphate by thymidylate synthase.b. Methylation occurs by N5-N10 tetrahydrofolate which is converted to dihydrofolate.c. Dihydrofolate reduct... | [
"Dihydrofolate reductase",
"Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase",
"Ribonucleotide reductase"
] | Dihydrofolate reductase |
110 | 1b8f7b95-4403-4fd0-b44b-6f2cbdd42706 | A 25 year old male is diagnosed to have ASD. On examination, a murmur similar to MR is heard and his ECG is showing left axis detion of 40 degrees. What is he most likely suffering from ? | [
"Ostium primum"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"TGA",
"Ostium secundum",
"Ostium primum",
"Floppy mitral valve"
] | The murmur is the clinching point here as the patient is having ostium primum type of ASD with MR. Ostium primum defect alone cannot produce such a murmur and in the question it is already mentioned that the patient is having ASD, so Floppy mitral valve should be the er. "Presence of pstolic murmur of mitral regurgitat... | [
"TGA",
"Ostium secundum",
"Floppy mitral valve"
] | TGA |
111 | 8992097b-5a22-4124-ba46-46335ba97db5 | Which of the following is not a component of Jones criteria for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever? | [
"Migratory polyhritis"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Pancarditis",
"Migratory polyhritis",
"Erythema nodosum",
"Sydenham chorea"
] | Major criteria (Jones criteria for Acute Rheumatic fever) Carditis Clinical and/or subclinical Ahritis Polyahritis only Monoahritis or polyahritis or polyahralgia in moderate to high-risk populations Chorea Erythema marginatum Subcutaneous nodules There is a latent period of ~3 weeks (1-5 weeks) between the precipitati... | [
"Pancarditis",
"Erythema nodosum",
"Sydenham chorea"
] | Pancarditis |
112 | d59d9856-90e6-4489-af7b-8eef2d95cba6 | A 60 year old man is brought to a psychiatrist with a 10 year history, that he suspects his neighbours and he feels that whenever he passes by they sneeze and plan against behind his back. He feels that his wife has been replaced by a double and calls the police for help. He is quite well groomed alert, occasionally co... | [
"Paranoid personality"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Paranoid personality",
"Paranoid schizophrenia",
"Alcohol withdrawal",
"Conversion disorder"
] | This patient has:- Delusion of persecution (suspects his neighbours sneeze and plan against him). Delusion of double (wife has been replaced by double). No impairment in consciousness (patient is well alert) Symptoms for 10 years. Delusion of double is a bizarre delusion ( belief which is impossible in reality). If del... | [
"Paranoid schizophrenia",
"Alcohol withdrawal",
"Conversion disorder"
] | Conversion disorder |
113 | 40269c7a-ae6b-40dc-84e1-bba81d38bee1 | Intracavitary electrocardiography is a diagnostic aid in – | [
"Endomyocardial fibrosis"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Tricuspid regurgitation",
"Endocardial fibroelastosis",
"Endomyocardial fibrosis",
"Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve"
] | Four chambered view in two dimension echocardiogram is diagnostic as it outlines the displaced tricuspid valve. | [
"Tricuspid regurgitation",
"Endocardial fibroelastosis",
"Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve"
] | Endocardial fibroelastosis |
114 | 1a660502-3064-4c08-a4e1-f2abb65b18d8 | Norwegian scabies(wrong options) | [
"Angioneuritic edema"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Angioneuritic edema",
"Angioneuritic edema",
"Saborrhea olessa",
"Saddle nose"
] | Quincke disease is angioneuriticoedema: Crusted scabies (also called Norwegian scabies) is an infestation characterized by thick crusts of skin that contain large numbers of scabies mites and eggs. It is a severe form of scabies that occurs most often in people who have a weakened immune system or a neurological diseas... | [
"Angioneuritic edema",
"Saborrhea olessa",
"Saddle nose"
] | Angioneuritic edema |
115 | ea5e055d-333a-4d21-bb60-56ca83972537 | True of the following is/are- | [
"IgA crosses placenta"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"IgA crosses placenta",
"Half life of IgG is 23 days",
"IgD is heat stable",
"IgE has highest carbohydrate content"
] | Half life of IgG is approximately 23days Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pf:96 | [
"Half life of IgG is 23 days",
"IgD is heat stable",
"IgE has highest carbohydrate content"
] | IgD is heat stable |
116 | 93cfc80e-025a-4ecd-9550-072e18c3195d | Net ATPs produced by oxidation of Palmitic acid is - | [
"129"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"106",
"26",
"16",
"129"
] | 106 Number of ATP molecules formed by p-oxidation of important fatty acidsFatty acidCycles in b-oxidationSource of ATPTotal ATPs (recent calculations)Total ATPs (older calculations)Myristic acid (14- C)6 Cycles7 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2, 6 NADH(7x10)+(6xl[?]5)+(6x2[?]5) = 94 ATPs(Net gain = 94-2= 92 ATPs)(7x12) + (6x2) + (6... | [
"106",
"26",
"16"
] | 106 |
117 | ade3d88c-6adf-4902-9fff-8cc6cb0e7694 | Nitric oxide is produced in | [
"Serum"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Endothelium",
"Plasma",
"Platelets",
"Serum"
] | Nitric oxide is formed from Arginine, released from endothelial cells and acts through cGMP to cause vasodilation. It is also believed to be involved in gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation by acting as a neurotritter. | [
"Endothelium",
"Plasma",
"Platelets"
] | Plasma |
118 | 0e746940-694c-468a-8051-b85079b820f5 | Jarisch-herxheimer reaction is seen during treatment of patient suffering from - | [
"Typhoid"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Syphilis",
"Impetigo",
"Erysepals",
"Typhoid"
] | Syphilis Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction* JH reaction occurs when large quantities of toxic products (toxins) are released into the body as bacteria die due to antibiotic treatment. The death of these bacteria and the associated release of toxins occurs faster than the body can remove the toxins via the natural detoxificat... | [
"Syphilis",
"Impetigo",
"Erysepals"
] | Syphilis |
119 | 5bfcbbb4-a203-42c5-9f36-fa86b532fae0 | Exhumation is done following cou order. Only skull bone was found with basiocciput fused with basisphenoid. What is the approximate age? | [
"6-7 years"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"18 - 21 years",
"40 - 50 years",
"70 -80 years",
"6-7 years"
] | The basiocciput fuses with the basisphenoid at about 18 to 21 years. AGE ESTIMATION FROM SKULL Closure of posterior frontanalle (Lambda): Bih to 6 months Closure of Anterior frontanelle (Bregma):1 1/2 -2 years Closure of Metopic suture: 2- 4years Two halves of mandible fuse together: 1-2 years Basiocciput and basisphen... | [
"18 - 21 years",
"40 - 50 years",
"70 -80 years"
] | 40 - 50 years |
120 | d875d0c9-d80c-4f54-aa0d-94732345623c | Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex prevents clotting because | [
"Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activities anti-thrombin III"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Thrombomodulin inhibits prothrombin activator",
"Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activities anti-thrombin III",
"The binding of thrombomodulin with thrombin removes thrombin and also activities a plasma protein C which inactivates activated factors V & VIII",
"Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activates hepari... | The endothelium of the blood vessels also plays an active role in preventing the extension of clots. All endothelial cells except those in the cerebral microcirculation produce thrombomodulin, a thrombin-binding protein, on their surfaces. In circulating blood, thrombin is a procoagulant that activates factors V and VI... | [
"Thrombomodulin inhibits prothrombin activator",
"The binding of thrombomodulin with thrombin removes thrombin and also activities a plasma protein C which inactivates activated factors V & VIII",
"Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activates heparin"
] | Thrombomodulin inhibits prothrombin activator |
121 | be447789-3257-4506-b47a-b2d5cc5e8094 | True about female pelvis | [
"Subpublic angle 70 *"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"C-shaped pelvic cavity",
"Pelvic inlet is wider posteriorly",
"P.inlet is hea shaped",
"Subpublic angle 70 *"
] | The pelvic cavity, typically defined as a small pa of the space enclosed by the bony pelvis, delimited by the pelvic brim above and the pelvic floor below; alternatively, the pelvic cavity is sometimes also defined as the whole space enclosed by the pelvic skeleton, subdivided into: the greater or false, above the pelv... | [
"C-shaped pelvic cavity",
"Pelvic inlet is wider posteriorly",
"P.inlet is hea shaped"
] | Pelvic inlet is wider posteriorly |
122 | 59fe247f-9603-48b7-8f11-92887b7ea2f3 | Half life of Cu-T 380A is: March 2012 | [
"5 years"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"2 years",
"3 years",
"5 years",
"10 years"
] | i.e. 10 years Half life of IUCD Nova T has silver added to the copper wire thereby increasing its lifespan to 5 years Copper T 380A known as Paraguard has a lifespan of 10 years | [
"2 years",
"3 years",
"10 years"
] | 3 years |
123 | 35afecad-dad4-41d0-9a4d-e0556008802e | If the fetus is born dead at 5 months, the signs of which of the following is identifiable during autopsy | [
"Rigor mois"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Rigor mois",
"Mummification",
"Adipocere",
"Putrefaction"
] | Signs of Dead-Born Fetus : 1. Maceration: * It is a process of aseptic autolysis.* It occurs when the dead child remains in the uterus for about 3-4 days surrounded with liquor amnii with exclusion of air. 2. Rigor mois: It is claimed that rigor mois does not occur in fetuses of < 7 months old (there are only few muscl... | [
"Mummification",
"Adipocere",
"Putrefaction"
] | Putrefaction |
124 | 4743a404-4095-4c48-8ffe-2b567dd527a5 | All of the following lead to increased dissociation of O2 from Hb except | [
"Increase Temperature"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"HbF",
"Increased CO2",
"Increase H+",
"Increase Temperature"
] | Fetal hemoglobin or fetal hemoglobin, (also hemoglobin F or HbF) is the main oxygen tro protein in the human fetus during the last seven months of development in the uterus and in the newborn until roughly 6 months old.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no:641 | [
"HbF",
"Increased CO2",
"Increase H+"
] | Increase H+ |
125 | fbff11da-b98c-471d-ae47-da4b65f5f0d4 | Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), a self-limited disease of children, is caused by | [
"Measles"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Measles",
"Parvovirus",
"Rubella",
"Human herpesvirus type 6"
] | Parvovirus B19 causes the common disease erythema infectiosum, characterized by a "slapped cheek" rash. Called fifth disease, it is the fifth childhood rash disease; the other four are measles, rubella, scarlet fever, and roseola. | [
"Parvovirus",
"Rubella",
"Human herpesvirus type 6"
] | Parvovirus |
126 | 129f0dcb-b9a2-4089-89c9-07478acf8132 | A 63-year-old woman discovers a lump in her right breast. Mammography confirms the presence of a suspicious "lump," and a needle core biopsy is performed to determine whether the mass is malignant. The pathology repo confirms that the mass is indeed cancerous and that the tissue demonstrates amplification of the Her-2/... | [
"Nuclear transcription factor"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"GTPase",
"GTPase-activating protein",
"Nuclear transcription factor",
"Receptor tyrosine kinase"
] | Her-2/neu, also known as c-erbb2, is a receptor tyrosine kinase related to epidermal growth factor receptor and is amplified at the DNA level and overexpressed at the protein level in some breast cancers. -Ras is a GTPase that is mutated in a number of cancers. -NF-1 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) aberrantly expr... | [
"GTPase",
"GTPase-activating protein",
"Receptor tyrosine kinase"
] | GTPase-activating protein |
127 | c603195f-8cd2-4008-b4d8-9ceb17342026 | What is the best method for confirming amyloidosis- | [
"Sigmoidoscopy"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Colonoscopy",
"Sigmoidoscopy",
"Rectal biopsy",
"Tongue biopsy"
] | “The most definitive investigation for Amyloidosis is biopsy”. For many years rectal biopsy was the first procedure of choice. An important clinical advance was the recognition that the capillaries in the subcutaneous fat are often involved in patients with systemic amyloidosis and can often provide sufficient tissues ... | [
"Colonoscopy",
"Rectal biopsy",
"Tongue biopsy"
] | Colonoscopy |
128 | 6520e8c9-cd5c-45db-97ba-ec46bc6d19fd | A well differentiated follicular carcinoma of thyroid can be best differentiated from a follicular adenoma by | [
"Lining of tall columnar and cuboidal cells"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Huhle cell change",
"Lining of tall columnar and cuboidal cells",
"Vascular invasion",
"Nuclear features"
] | A well differentiated follicular carcinoma of thyroid can be best differentiated from a follicular adenoma by capsular invasion/ vascular invasion. This is not made out in FNAC and hence FNAC is not very useful. USG can make out this differentiating feature of follicular carcinoma. Reference : page 482 SRB's manual of ... | [
"Huhle cell change",
"Vascular invasion",
"Nuclear features"
] | Vascular invasion |
129 | a5ed1fc6-ac17-4b1c-9dce-5aeb50e8bf19 | 1996 ASRM classification of endometritis includes- | [
"Intensity of pain"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Intensity of pain",
"Location",
"Size",
"Number"
] | Location "Endometriosis is classified into one of four stages (I-minimal, II-mild, Ill-moderate, and IV-severe) depending on location, extent, and depth of endometriosis implants; presence and severity of adhesions; and presence and size of ovarian endometriomas. Most women have minimal or mild endometriosis, which is ... | [
"Location",
"Size",
"Number"
] | Size |
130 | e545a332-7e12-4462-846a-de37df147a54 | A 43-year-old lady comes to emergency depament with acute attack of anxiety associated with physical symptoms like hyperventilation, increased HR, and sweating. She is diagnosed as a case of acute panic attack. Which of the following is the most suitable drug for this patient? | [
"Flumazenil"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Flumazenil",
"Alprazolam",
"Propranolol",
"Eszopiclone"
] | Benzodiazepines like alprazolam and clonazepam are preferred for acute panic attack whereas SSRI like fluoxetine are drug of choice for long term management of panic disorder. Eszopiclone is a hypnotic. Propranolol is commonly used to treat performance anxiety (stage fright). Flumazenil is used in benzodiazepine poison... | [
"Alprazolam",
"Propranolol",
"Eszopiclone"
] | Propranolol |
131 | f44e27ff-c5d5-40f5-bacb-82499af7aa5a | Which of the following drugs is not used in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME)? | [
"Zonisamide"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Topiramate",
"Zonisamide",
"Carbamazepine",
"Valproate"
] | Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a generalized seizure disorder of unknown cause that appears in early adolescence and is usually characterized by bilateral myoclonic jerks that may be single or repetitive.The myoclonic seizures are most frequent in the morning after awakening and can be provoked by sleep deprivati... | [
"Topiramate",
"Carbamazepine",
"Valproate"
] | Valproate |
132 | 858f2704-2cf2-4090-9a2e-4a7ec8f28f5a | A premature infant is born with a patent ductus aeriosus. In closure can be stimulated by administration of: | [
"Anti-estrogen compounds"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Prostaglandin analogue",
"Estrogen",
"Anti-estrogen compounds",
"Prostaglandin inhibitors"
] | Patent ductus aeriosus represents persistent patency of the vessel. The ductus aeriosus usually closes within 2 or 3 days after bih and becomes the ligamentum aeriosum. Constriction of the ductus postnatally involves a complex interaction of increased paial pressure of oxygen, decreased circulating prostaglandin E2 (PG... | [
"Prostaglandin analogue",
"Estrogen",
"Prostaglandin inhibitors"
] | Estrogen |
133 | 52a78306-14ad-40b3-b397-ea3f5d290636 | Cyanide poisoning antidote | [
"Sodium gluconate"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Sodium nitrite",
"Sodium thiosulfate",
"Sodium bicarbonate",
"Sodium gluconate"
] | Cyanide Antidotes : Eli lilly antidote. Sodium nitrite,Amyl nitrite,Sodium thoisulphate. Cyanokit(Hydroxycobalamin). Kdocyanor(Dicobalt edetate). | [
"Sodium nitrite",
"Sodium thiosulfate",
"Sodium bicarbonate"
] | Sodium thiosulfate |
134 | 81faaa8f-7103-4964-90b8-b54b1fbcf34b | % of O2 inhaled- | [
"5%"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"5%",
"20%",
"50%",
"78%"
] | 20% Atmospheric (inspired) airAlveolar airExpired air %PP mm Hg%PP mm Hg%PP mm HgO220.8415813.410016116CO20.040.35.340432Nitrogen78.6259675.157374.1565H2O (vapour)0.505.76.2476.247 100760100760100760 | [
"20%",
"50%",
"78%"
] | 78% |
135 | 73df179a-4f1c-4c6d-bdec-ca1ec4abbaee | Post paum hemorrhage in a spontaneous delivery is commonly due to: September 2005, March 2013 | [
"Traumatic"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Traumatic",
"Uterine atony",
"Blood coagulopathy",
"Mixed causes"
] | : Uterine Atony Atonic uterus is the most common cause of PPH (80%) followed by traumatic (20%) | [
"Uterine atony",
"Blood coagulopathy",
"Mixed causes"
] | Uterine atony |
136 | 1cff9bf0-81ae-4501-92a6-c4d6330991f8 | Thiazolidinedione is associated with increasedrisk of? | [
"renal dysfunction"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Hea failure",
"Pulmonary fibrosis",
"Myocarditis",
"renal dysfunction"
] | Hea failure Thiazolidinediones adverse effects Plasma volume expon, edema, weight gain, headache, myalgia and mild anemia. Few cases of hepatic dysfunction and some cardiovascular events have been repoed - CHF may be precipitated - they are contraindicated in liver disease and in CHF. Rosiglitazone has been found to in... | [
"Hea failure",
"Pulmonary fibrosis",
"Myocarditis"
] | Hea failure |
137 | 0c7504d0-209a-437c-aa41-fa3e5f5cd950 | CSF otorrhoea is caused by | [
"Fractureof parietal bone"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Fracture of cribriform plate",
"Fractureof parietal bone",
"Fractureof petrous temporal bone",
"Fracture of tympanic membrane"
] | ie Fracture of petrous temporal boneC.S.F. otorrhea is seen in fracture (longitudinale) of temporal bone C.S.F. is seen in external and middle ears T/T -It usually ceases spontaneously surgical intervention is rarely needed. Antibiotics (Co-trimoxazole) is given as it us sensitive to bacter ious causing URTI and it can... | [
"Fracture of cribriform plate",
"Fractureof petrous temporal bone",
"Fracture of tympanic membrane"
] | Fracture of tympanic membrane |
138 | cb68d945-fd45-4cfa-8c77-6ffebba38e57 | A 45 years old lady complains of contact bleeding. She has positive pap smear. The next line of management is : | [
"Hysterectomy"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Colposcopy directed biopsy",
"Cone biopsy",
"Repeat pap smear",
"Hysterectomy"
] | is Colposcopy directed biopsy 45 years old patient presenting with post coital bleeding and positive pap smear raises suspecion of carcinoma cervix / CIN which needs to be confirmed (as pap smear is only a screening procedure). In the question it is not mentioned whether lesion is visible nor the size of lesion is give... | [
"Colposcopy directed biopsy",
"Cone biopsy",
"Repeat pap smear"
] | Repeat pap smear |
139 | 5292a5ee-7e19-426f-b0a4-20a07af51d58 | All of the following are tumor markers, except | [
"Alpha-fetoprotein"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"CEA",
"HCG",
"Alpha-fetoprotein",
"Beta-2 macroglobulin"
] | Beta-2 microglobulin and not beta macroglobulin may be used as a tumor marker (as in multiple myeloma). | [
"CEA",
"HCG",
"Beta-2 macroglobulin"
] | HCG |
140 | 38b7242e-89d9-4e60-9319-0b8aca38dd19 | Spinnbarkeit refers to? | [
"Proliferation of breast alveoli"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Cervical mucus",
"Uterine gland thickness",
"Cervical os appearance",
"Proliferation of breast alveoli"
] | ervical mucusRef.-.Ganong25th ed. / 402* The cervical mucus is thinnest at time of ovulation and its elasticity or spinnbarkeit increases such that by mid- cycle one drop can be stretched into a long, thin thread that may be 8-12cm or more in length.* It dries on a slide in an arborizing fern like pattern.* After ovula... | [
"Cervical mucus",
"Uterine gland thickness",
"Cervical os appearance"
] | Cervical os appearance |
141 | 15d5df51-a243-4432-8afd-b40da6b97281 | A young adult presents with proptosis and pain in eye after 4 days of trauma to eye. Chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsy with inability to move eye are seen.Investigation of choice - | [
"MRI"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"MRI",
"Digital subtraction angiography",
"CT",
"MR angiography"
] | Information in this question are :- Presentation 4 days after trauma Traumatic proptosis along with chemosis and conjunctival congestion Extraocular muscle palsy (ophthalmoplegia) Given the patient's clinical presentation of proptosis with chemosis and conjunctival congestion in the setting of cranio-facial injury, a t... | [
"Digital subtraction angiography",
"CT",
"MR angiography"
] | MR angiography |
142 | 92f77447-ed7a-4d0f-b0a4-e1fbc0e3a4cb | cardiac involvement in carcinoid syndrome is characterized by | [
"Calcification tricuspid valve"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Calcification tricuspid valve",
"Intimal Fibrosis of right ventricle, tricuspid and pulmonary valve",
"Involvement of the major Britishers is commonly seen",
"Equal involvement of both the sides of the hea"
] | Refer robbins 9/e 562 Cardiac lesions are seen in 50% of the patients with carcinoid syndrome These are largely right-sided due to inactivation of serotonin and predicate in in the blood due to passage through the lungs by monoamine oxidase present in pulmonary vascular endothelium | [
"Intimal Fibrosis of right ventricle, tricuspid and pulmonary valve",
"Involvement of the major Britishers is commonly seen",
"Equal involvement of both the sides of the hea"
] | Equal involvement of both the sides of the hea |
143 | 7ec33082-95cf-43fb-8b7a-8cd068e8ea20 | All of the following statements concerning ANP are true except: | [
"It inhibits rennin secretion"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Its secretion is increased by an increase in blood volume",
"It increases glomerular filtration rate",
"It inhibits rennin secretion",
"Its effects are mediated by increased cyclic AMP"
] | ANP is a polypeptide composed of 28 amino acids that is secreted by endocrine cells in the atria. ANP acts at the kidney to increase sodium excretion, and is secreted in response to blood volume expon or increased sodium chloride intake. Circulating levels of ANP are increased in congestive heart failure, a condition i... | [
"Its secretion is increased by an increase in blood volume",
"It increases glomerular filtration rate",
"Its effects are mediated by increased cyclic AMP"
] | Its secretion is increased by an increase in blood volume |
144 | be044995-6b81-48f9-932f-7baf4ba7547f | A patient who is 21 weeks pregnant came to you with fever and chills. You make a diagnosis of Malaria. What is the next line of management? | [
"Terminate pregnancy and treat the patient for malaria"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Wait till term and sta treatment for malaria",
"Terminate pregnancy and treat the patient for malaria",
"Sta antimalarial treatment immediately and continue the pregnancy",
"Treat only if it is falciparum malaria otherwise wait till term"
] | Pregnancy is not a contraindication for treatment of malaria. It should be treated with antimalarial agents at any period of pregnancy. Chemoprophylaxis of malaria during pregnancy (especially last trimester) is indicated in woman living in endemic areas. Ref: Mudaliar, Edition-9 , Page - 191. | [
"Wait till term and sta treatment for malaria",
"Sta antimalarial treatment immediately and continue the pregnancy",
"Treat only if it is falciparum malaria otherwise wait till term"
] | Treat only if it is falciparum malaria otherwise wait till term |
145 | b49cbea5-e131-4bab-b5c5-8af033e5ae3d | Cytotoxic T cells induced by infection with virus A will kill target cells | [
"From the same host infected with any virus"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"From the same host infected with any virus",
"Infected by virus A and identical at class I MHC loci to the cytotoxic T cells",
"Infected by virus A and identical at class II MHC loci to the cytotoxic T cells",
"Infected with any virus and identical at class I MHC loci to the cytotoxic cells"
] | The CD8+ cytotoxic T cells have antigen specific T-cell receptors (TCR) on their membranes that will recognize and bind to self class I antigens. Since the viral peptides are presented as a complex with the self class I antigens, the CD8+ cells can now recognize and react to the virus A peptides. Remember that class I ... | [
"Infected by virus A and identical at class I MHC loci to the cytotoxic T cells",
"Infected by virus A and identical at class II MHC loci to the cytotoxic T cells",
"Infected with any virus and identical at class I MHC loci to the cytotoxic cells"
] | Infected by virus A and identical at class I MHC loci to the cytotoxic T cells |
146 | e2e86215-1a69-47cd-bfe1-08267c66df3f | Which procedure is being performed in the colour plate? | [
"Finishing"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Polishing",
"Finishing",
"Proximal stripping",
"Crown preparation"
] | Proximal stripping is the method, by which proximal surfaces of teeth are sl in order to reduce the mesiodistal width of the teeth. It is also known by the synonyms - reproximation, slenderization, disking and proximal slicing. In Carey's analysis, if the difference between the arch length and the tooth material is betw... | [
"Polishing",
"Proximal stripping",
"Crown preparation"
] | Polishing |
147 | 0af956d2-3c06-4669-b49c-50aa68ffd7da | True supports of uterus are all, except- | [
"Mackenrodt's ligament"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Uterosacral ligaments",
"Mackenrodt's ligament",
"Broad ligament",
"Levator ani"
] | Broad ligament SUPPORTS OF THE UTERUSA. Primary Supports I.Muscular (Main) supports1. Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani)2. Urogenital diaphragm3. Perineal body II.Fibromuscular / Mechanical supports1. Uterine axis2. Pubocervical ligament3. Trerse cervical ligament of Mackenrodt4. Uterosacral ligament5. Round ligament of ut... | [
"Uterosacral ligaments",
"Broad ligament",
"Levator ani"
] | Uterosacral ligaments |
148 | 909ecc46-86a0-4bb3-9f3a-4d999fb5ab5d | During acclimatization to high altitude all of the following take place except: | [
"Increase in the sensitivity of carotid body to hypoxia"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Increase in minute ventilation",
"Increase in the sensitivity of central chemoreceptors",
"Increase in the sensitivity of carotid body to hypoxia",
"Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve to the left"
] | Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve to the left(Ref: Guyton, 13th ed/p.563)Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve to the right occurs in high altitude because of hypoxia | [
"Increase in minute ventilation",
"Increase in the sensitivity of central chemoreceptors",
"Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve to the left"
] | Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve to the left |
149 | 92d118d6-a44f-4eba-ad38-3ea08b2ec53b | True of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease I and II respectiely -The most likely site of ectopic opening would be - | [
"Chromosomes 16 and 5"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Chromosomes 16 and 5",
"16 and 4",
"11 and 5",
"11 and 4"
] | Three forms of ADPKD have been identified. ADPKD-1 accounts for 85% of cases its gene is found on chromosome 16p ADPKD-2 its gene has been mapped to chromosome 4q it appears to have a later age of onset of symptoms and renal failure than ADPKD-1 ADPKD-3 it has not been mapped to a gene uptill now. | [
"16 and 4",
"11 and 5",
"11 and 4"
] | 11 and 5 |
150 | ec9b1319-c7e3-43d5-918c-7c60bbc91f34 | Shenton line is seen in X-ray of: | [
"Knee"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Shoulder",
"Elbow",
"Knee",
"Hip"
] | . Hip (Ref Apley 9/e p354)Shenton's line is seen in X-ray of hip."Shenton's line is an imaginary line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. This line should be continuous and smooth. It is breeched i... | [
"Shoulder",
"Elbow",
"Hip"
] | Hip |
151 | 7f638a9f-0e75-44ff-a0c5-17fffc02a3fd | A body is brought to you for autopsy. The apparent cause of death is snake bite. On examination there is a haemorrhagic region surrounding a puncture mark over his left shoulder region. The area surrounding the puncture mark is necrosed and subsequent examination of his stomach contents and blood revealed that he had c... | [
"Strychnine"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Abrus precatorius",
"Calotropis",
"Capsicum annuum",
"Strychnine"
] | When extract of Abrus precatorius is injected subcutaneously there is painful swelling, inflammation, ecchymosis and necrosis of the surround tissue. The features may resemble that of viperine snake bite. Injection of 90 - 120 mg is fatal. Capsicum annuum is chilli powder. Strychnine produces features similar to tetanu... | [
"Abrus precatorius",
"Calotropis",
"Capsicum annuum"
] | Calotropis |
152 | 35eb7e0a-b473-41b0-9830-51b1ae66be32 | c-ANCA positivity indicates, antibody formed against: | [
"Anti centromere antibody"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Proteinase 3",
"Myeloperoxidase",
"Cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody",
"Anti centromere antibody"
] | (Proteinase 3): Proteinase - 3 (a 29 - kDA serine proteinase) present in neutrophil azurophilic granules is the major c-ANCA antigen. Major c-ANCA antigen Proteinase 3 (PR-3) Major p - ANCA antigen Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | [
"Proteinase 3",
"Myeloperoxidase",
"Cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody"
] | Cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody |
153 | 4ffc16f5-2438-4a2f-b9bd-82ae57347b1a | What is the commonest site of esophageal carcinoma ? | [
"thorasic pa of oesophagus"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"lower end of oesophagus",
"upper end of oesophagus",
"middle third of oesophagus",
"thorasic pa of oesophagus"
] | The lower end of the oesophagus is also prone to inflammation or ulceration by regurgitation of acid from the stomach. It is the commonest site of oesophageal carcinoma. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 , pg.no.,273. | [
"lower end of oesophagus",
"upper end of oesophagus",
"middle third of oesophagus"
] | upper end of oesophagus |
154 | 116faa47-969d-4426-b740-30afa252a36a | a new agent was developed to increase the recognition of foreign antigens by antigen presenting cells .true regarding the physiological aspects of APCs | [
"direct antibody stimulation still requires APCs"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"antigen is presented MHC-1 complexes",
"APCs are required before a response to viruses are generated",
"direct antibody stimulation still requires APCs",
"antigen processed by APC are recognised by CD 4+ tcells"
] | EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS ARE FIRST PHAGOCYTOSED BY APCs THEN THEY ARE PROCESSED BY APC s and presented on the surface of apc along with mhc 2 to be recognised by cd4+ t cells antigen Presenting Cells Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are specialized cells, which include macrophages, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, are dist... | [
"antigen is presented MHC-1 complexes",
"APCs are required before a response to viruses are generated",
"antigen processed by APC are recognised by CD 4+ tcells"
] | antigen processed by APC are recognised by CD 4+ tcells |
155 | 57c0af08-a937-4e80-9b67-3541f0a3fe87 | Hernias at lateral border of rectus abdominis is: | [
"None of the above"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Spigelian hernia",
"Ventral hernia",
"Epigastric",
"None of the above"
] | Spigelian hernias can occur anywhere along the length of the Spigelian line or zone -- an aponeurotic band of variable width at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis. Ref: Schwaz's principle of surgery 9th edition, chapter 35. | [
"Spigelian hernia",
"Ventral hernia",
"Epigastric"
] | Spigelian hernia |
156 | 250adde4-176b-4a5c-9baa-b5a0e7ec2cf9 | Which enzyme joins two substrates? | [
"Lyase"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Lyase",
"Ligase",
"Isomerase",
"Synthase"
] | LigaseAn enzyme which joins two substrates in an energy dependent process is called ligase.Ligases ligate or bind two compounds together by creating a new chemical bond. A source of energy is requ usually ATP, Example are synthatases, carboxylases. | [
"Ligase",
"Isomerase",
"Synthase"
] | Synthase |
157 | fada4286-52b1-4583-809b-9ad156399c01 | A 75 year old man with no past medical history presents with increasing shortness of breath over 6 months. He previously worked at a shipyard where he had significant exposure to asbestos. He has a large right-sided pleural effusion. Pleural aspiration is performed and reveals an exudate but cytopathological examinatio... | [
"Repeat pleural aspiration"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Thoracoscopy",
"Bronchoscopy",
"Echocardiogram",
"Repeat pleural aspiration"
] | Direct visualisation and targeted biopsy of any pleural lesion provides the best chance of a tissue diagnosis. Mesothelioma cannot b~ diagnosed on cytopathological examinatipn of pleural fluid. Bronchoscopy would not help with pleural disease but may be helpful if there were an endobronchial lesion with pleural metasta... | [
"Thoracoscopy",
"Bronchoscopy",
"Echocardiogram"
] | Bronchoscopy |
158 | 314fda87-5db0-40d3-8979-280cffe3e095 | Which of the following method is used to detect semen stains on clothes? | [
"Spectrometry"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Infrared rays",
"Magnifying lens",
"Spectrometry",
"Ultraviolet rays"
] | Semen stains on cloth can be identified by ultraviolet light. When examined under UV light seminal stains show a strong bluish white fluorescence. Stains mixed with blood does not fluorescence. If the seminal stain does not fluoresce on account of its being mixed with blood, this can be overcome by spraying the stained... | [
"Infrared rays",
"Magnifying lens",
"Ultraviolet rays"
] | Ultraviolet rays |
159 | 686db3da-b8fa-4622-be0f-9ba798616f27 | This organism may cause epidemics of puerperal sepsis. | [
"Cytomegalovirus"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Group A b-hemolytic streptococci",
"Group B b- hemolytic streptococci",
"Toxoplasma gondii"
] | Most female pelvic infections are caused by bacteria indigenous to the genital tract. Over the past 20 years, there have been repos of group A b-hemolytic streptococcus causing toxic shock-like syndrome and life-threatening infection Gram-positive cocci--group A streptococci, enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphy... | [
"Group A b-hemolytic streptococci",
"Group B b- hemolytic streptococci",
"Toxoplasma gondii"
] | Group A b-hemolytic streptococci |
160 | e51341eb-fcfc-4491-9384-34353f08d6f8 | True about Acetazolamide is ? | [
"It causes metabolic alkalosi"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Decreased GFR",
"Action similar to sulphonamide",
"It decreases Na, K, Glucose excretion",
"It causes metabolic alkalosi"
] | Decreased GFR o Acetazolamide decreases GFR. o Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increase delivery of solutes to the macula densa by inhibiting proximal reabsorption. o This results in activation of TGF (tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism), causing increased afferent aeriolar resistance and reduces renal blood flow (RBF)... | [
"Decreased GFR",
"Action similar to sulphonamide",
"It decreases Na, K, Glucose excretion"
] | Action similar to sulphonamide |
161 | fac25fb2-9c47-4c64-943d-01307eebae61 | Pigs are reservoir for - | [
"Ancyclostoma"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"T. solium",
"T. Saginata",
"Trichinella spiralis",
"Ancyclostoma"
] | Taenia solium-pork tapeworm Infection occurs by eating raw pork Two host-man is the definitive host Pig is the intermediate host (refer pgno:99 baveja 3 rd edition) | [
"T. solium",
"T. Saginata",
"Trichinella spiralis"
] | Trichinella spiralis |
162 | 871b8abf-c3be-45d7-82e5-ed4dda8d41a8 | Roth spots are seen in: | [
"Diabetic retinopathy"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Infective endocarditis",
"Central retinal vein occlusion",
"Retintits pigmentosa",
"Diabetic retinopathy"
] | (Infective endocarditis) Ref; Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine 18th edition ROTH SPOTS in Infective Endocarditis They are retinal hemorrhages with pale centres. They represent capillary hemorrhages and not bacterial infection. Apart from IE, they can also be seen in vasculitis, anemia, leukemia, diabetes and c... | [
"Infective endocarditis",
"Central retinal vein occlusion",
"Retintits pigmentosa"
] | Retintits pigmentosa |
163 | 6e2f2af5-ed2a-488a-9223-a21b46a8a02b | Parasympathetic supply to parotid is through which ganglion- | [
"Ciliary Ganglion"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Otic ganglion",
"Submandibular ganglion",
"Pterygoid ganglion",
"Ciliary Ganglion"
] | Otic ganglion GangliaSensory rootSympathetic rootSecretomotor rootMotor rootDistributionCiliaryFrom nasociliary nervePlexus along ophthalmic artery-Edinger-Westphal nucleus - oculomotor nerve - nerve to inferior obliqueCiliaris musclesSphincter pupillaeOticBranch from auriculo temporal nervePlexus along middle meningea... | [
"Otic ganglion",
"Submandibular ganglion",
"Pterygoid ganglion"
] | Otic ganglion |
164 | f766bc8a-ef7e-4b8f-a9e2-d4c8e450979d | Disease spreading through water is: | [
"HIV"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Hepatitis B",
"Hepatitis C",
"HIV",
"Typhoid"
] | (Typhoid) Ref: Park, 19 ed, p. 571This is a direct pick from park.Water related disease are:BiologicalChemicalBiological1) Presence of infectious agent:Viral-Bacteria-Protozoa-Helminth-Leptospiral-Hep ATyphoidAmoebiasisRoundwormWeils diseaseHepEParatyphoidGiardiasisthreadworm Polio,Cholera hydatid disease RotaE. coli d... | [
"Hepatitis B",
"Hepatitis C",
"Typhoid"
] | Hepatitis C |
165 | 2d95cdac-2517-4c84-bd80-d0971084ef6e | A 25-year-old patient with a 2-cm painful abscess in perianal region for 1 day. The patient does not have fever or leukocytosis. Which space is this lesion in? SELECT ONE. | [
"Supralevator space"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Supralevator space",
"Perianal space",
"Levator ani muscle",
"Intermuscular space"
] | Perianal abscess is most common type of anorectal abscess. It is superficial and lies in perianal space. Duration of symptoms is short and patient is unlikely to have fever or leukocytosis. | [
"Perianal space",
"Levator ani muscle",
"Intermuscular space"
] | Intermuscular space |
166 | 08ad268e-afec-4b74-a384-dde22bead047 | Best cha to represent incidence of disease over a period of time | [
"Scatter plot"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Bar cha",
"Scatter plot",
"Line diagram",
"Histogram"
] | Line diagram:- Trend of a event over a period of time and scatter plot relationship between two quantitative variables Ref:- K Park, 24th ed; pg num:- 883 | [
"Bar cha",
"Line diagram",
"Histogram"
] | Line diagram |
167 | 26643025-d885-4681-93f4-5392b7191758 | Intrauterine death at 36 weeks. Treatment is: | [
"Continue upto term"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Continue upto term",
"Wait for spontaneous expulsion",
"Syntocinon + ARM",
"Hysterectomy"
] | In case of a late intra uterine fetal death spontaneous expulsion occurs in about 80% of cases within 2 weeks. Patient and her relatives should be assured of the safety of non interference. Early interference done only if indicated: - manifestations of uterine infection - psychological -falling fibrinogen level (D C DU... | [
"Wait for spontaneous expulsion",
"Syntocinon + ARM",
"Hysterectomy"
] | Hysterectomy |
168 | 3e34f58d-afa2-4618-8948-9a6a2fd06e89 | Cirrhosis of liver with poal hypeension is a complication of all ofthe following except- | [
"Hemochromatosi"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Wilson s disease",
"Hemochromatosi",
"Gilbe's syndrome",
"Hepatitis C"
] | Gilbe's syndrome Gilbe's syndrome is by far the most common inherited disorder of bilirubin metabolism . It is an autosomal recessive trait when caused by a mutation in the promoter region of the gene for UDP-glucuronyl trerase enzyme (UGT1A1), which leads to reduced enzyme expression. It can be inherited in a dominant... | [
"Wilson s disease",
"Gilbe's syndrome",
"Hepatitis C"
] | Wilson s disease |
169 | 6bc861c1-ae2b-4def-8f2f-c8eacc8b105f | In poal hypeension the sites of poosystemic anastomosis includes | [
"Lower third of rectum and anal canal"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Lower end of oesophagus",
"Around umbilicus",
"Lower third of rectum and anal canal",
"All of the above"
] | In poal hypeension the sites of poosystemic anastomosis includes lower end of esophagus, around umbilicus, lower third of rectum and anal canal, posterior abdominal wall, bare area of liver Poosystemic anastomosis Location Poal component Systemic component Esophagus(lower end) esophageal varices Left gastric vein Azygo... | [
"Lower end of oesophagus",
"Around umbilicus",
"All of the above"
] | Around umbilicus |
170 | 1aac4582-3d26-47c4-bfa7-f741eca15375 | Triple ahrodesis involves - | [
"None of the above"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Calcaneocuboid, talonavicular and talocalcaneal",
"Tibiotalar, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular",
"Ankle joint, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular",
"None of the above"
] | Triple ahodesis - * indicated for children more than 10 years with CTEV * it is functionally and cosmetically superior. * lateral close wedge osteotomy through subtalar & midtarsal joints is done to fuse all the three joints of foot namely subtalar(talocalcaneal),talonavicular, calcaneocuboid joints. REF:Textbook of oh... | [
"Calcaneocuboid, talonavicular and talocalcaneal",
"Tibiotalar, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular",
"Ankle joint, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular"
] | Tibiotalar, calcaneocuboid and talonavicular |
171 | 08b24c07-2dfc-4c96-aaf7-f83c879fec93 | Fructose 2-6 bisphosphate (F26BP) regulates glycolysis at the level of ? | [
"Glucose -6- phosphate"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Glucose -6- phosphate",
"Fructose -6- phosphate",
"Glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate",
"Phosphoenol pyruvate"
] | Regulation of glycolysis Glycolysis is regulated at 3 steps which are irreversible. These reactions are catalyzed by following key enzymes : (1) Hexokinase and glucokinase, (2) Phosphofructokinase I, and (3) Pyruvate kinase.Hexokinase and glucokinaseThese enzymes catalyze the first step of glycolysis, Glucose --> Gluco... | [
"Fructose -6- phosphate",
"Glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate",
"Phosphoenol pyruvate"
] | Fructose -6- phosphate |
172 | 9f5270d9-5b7e-47ee-baf9-b1a497f5f00a | Plasma cells are activated: | [
"Monocytes"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"B cells",
"T cells",
"Macrophages",
"Monocytes"
] | (B cells) Ref: Robbins,7th ed, p. 199; Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 125When B lymphocytes are activated by antigens (protein/non-protein) they get differentiated into antibody secreting cells, called plasma cells.Plasma cells:Cartwheel appearanceLifespan-2-3 daysMakes Ab of single specificity, single Ig clan & allotype.I... | [
"B cells",
"T cells",
"Macrophages"
] | Macrophages |
173 | bb832e49-5964-4dfa-8757-345d6a2a4096 | Which of the following statement is TRUE about endemic typhus? | [
"Is caused by R. rickettsii"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Is caused by R. rickettsii",
"Is transmitted by the bite of fleas",
"Has no mammalian reservoir",
"Is caused by Coxiella burnetii"
] | Endemic typhus: Caused by Rickettsia typhi (ubiquitous). Humusually acquire the infection in an urban or suburban setting when bitten by an infected flea, which releases infected feces while sucking blood. Laboratory diagnosis of rickettsial diseases is based on serologic analysis rather than isolation of the organism.... | [
"Is transmitted by the bite of fleas",
"Has no mammalian reservoir",
"Is caused by Coxiella burnetii"
] | Has no mammalian reservoir |
174 | 04b54c8e-6cfb-4cd2-b5fb-366094b5bc96 | Which of the following has a polygenic pattern of inheritance? | [
"Resistant rickets"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Familial hypercholesterolemia",
"G6PD",
"Resistant rickets"
] | Polygenic pattern It occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes -Diabetes mellitus Autosomal dominant : Familial hypercholesterolemia X linked recessive G6pD X linked dominant: Resistant rickets | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Familial hypercholesterolemia",
"G6PD"
] | G6PD |
175 | 159543da-8fce-4603-87e4-86c54deb8c8b | Which of the following is true about obstructi azoospermia: | [
"FSH and LH increased"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"FSH and LH increased",
"Normal FSH and normal LH",
"LH raised/ Normal FSH",
"FSH raised, Normal LH"
] | Shaw's textbook of Gynaecology- 16th edn- pg no 244. Normal FSH and LH level indicates obstructive lesion in the vas or epididymis. High FSH indicates gonadal failure. Low FSH Indicates pituitary or hypothalamic failure. | [
"Normal FSH and normal LH",
"LH raised/ Normal FSH",
"FSH raised, Normal LH"
] | FSH raised, Normal LH |
176 | 650bbd46-ede2-49db-9ca8-cb0959c498f0 | Indication of BAHA {Bone-anchored hearing aid} is | [
"Sensorineural hearing loss"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Bilateral hearing loss",
"Sensorineural hearing loss",
"Congenital canal atresia",
"All of the above"
] | Bone-anchored hearing aids can be used in People who have chronic inflammation or infection of the ear canal and cannot wear the standard "in the ear" air conduction hearing aids Children with malformed or absent outer ear and ear canals as in microtia or canal atresia Single-sideddeafness. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 137. | [
"Bilateral hearing loss",
"Congenital canal atresia",
"All of the above"
] | Bilateral hearing loss |
177 | 4c8482db-0063-40bc-8770-b90c04a8bbbb | Paralysis of upper eyelid is due to paralysis of: | [
"VII"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"III",
"IV",
"V",
"VII"
] | Nerve Supply of upper lid The upper eyelid is supplied by the lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear and infratrochlear nerves from lateral to medial side. The lower eyelid is supplied by the infraorbital and infratrochlear nerves. Ptosis or drooping of upper eyelid due to paralysis of voluntary part of levator palpebr... | [
"III",
"IV",
"V"
] | III |
178 | c9d9b193-532c-4baa-a97e-837d2625dbcd | ADAMTS13 defeciency is associated with which disease: | [
"ITP"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"ITP",
"TTP",
"HUS",
"PNH"
] | The deficiency of ADAMTS13 can be inherited or acquired. In the acquired form, an autoantibody that inhibits the metalloprotease activity of ADAMTS13 is present. Less commonly, patients inherit an inactivating mutation in ADAMTS13. In those with hereditary ADAMTS13 deficiency, the onset is often delayed until adolescen... | [
"TTP",
"HUS",
"PNH"
] | HUS |
179 | bfdbd9dd-84fa-4b1b-9dba-a8bcf136feb4 | D-dimer is the most sensitive test for- | [
"Acute MI"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Acute pulmonary edema",
"Cardiac tamponade",
"Acute MI"
] | Robbins Basic Pathology (9th Edition),page no.85 Clotting also sets into motion a fibrinolytic cascade that moderates the ultimate size of the clot. Fibrinolysis is largely carried out by plasmin, which breaks down fibrin and interferes with its polymerization . The resulting fibrin split products (FSPs or fibrin degra... | [
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Acute pulmonary edema",
"Cardiac tamponade"
] | Cardiac tamponade |
180 | a7c4f9f1-20d1-4daa-ac14-db47e5cb959c | Which of the following is most reliable feature suggestive of malignant transformation of pheochromocytoma excusively? | [
"Vascular invasion"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Presence of mitotic figures",
"Capsular invasion",
"Vascular invasion",
"None of the above"
] | . None of the above. (Ref. Robbin's 8th/pg. 1159).Robbins pathology 8th/ pg. 1159......."Both capsular and vascular invasion may be encountered in benign lesions, and the presence of mitotic figures per se does not imply malignancy. Therefore, the definitive diagnosis of malignancy in pheochromocytomas is based exclusi... | [
"Presence of mitotic figures",
"Capsular invasion",
"None of the above"
] | None of the above |
181 | 6015af1c-d7bf-4fae-bdd7-3f046dae8237 | Memory cells doesn't undergo apoptosis due to presence of which growth factor: | [
"Platelet derived growth factor"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Platelet derived growth factor",
"Nerve growth factor",
"Insulin like growth factor",
"Fibroblast growth factor"
] | Nerve growth factor [Ref: Survival of memory B lymphocytes is tightly linked to the integrity of the Bel-2 protein and is regulated by a nerve growth factor (NGF) autocrine circuit. Nerve growth factor inhibits apoptosis in memory B lymphocytes inactivation of p38 MAPK, prevention of Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and cytrochr... | [
"Nerve growth factor",
"Insulin like growth factor",
"Fibroblast growth factor"
] | Insulin like growth factor |
182 | b35059e5-c113-46d4-9923-6c65fb0a18a1 | A newborn boy has isolated cleft lip and palate. What is the most likely form of inheritance of this defect? | [
"X-Iinked"
] | [
"3"
] | [
"Autosomal recessive",
"Autosomal dominant",
"X-Iinked",
"Multifactorial"
] | Cleft lip with or without cleft palate can result from teratogenic exposure; it can be pa of the fetal alcohol syndrome; it can be inherited as a multifactorial disorder; or it can be pa of an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X- linked condition in all, more than 50 syndromes are associated with cleft lip wi... | [
"Autosomal recessive",
"Autosomal dominant",
"Multifactorial"
] | Multifactorial |
183 | fb94d8c7-d075-4f14-a6b4-d6f4478f7f8a | All of the conditions are associated with septal perforation, EXCEPT: | [
"Leprosy"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Septal abscess",
"Leprosy",
"Rhinophyma",
"Trauma"
] | Phymatous or Rhinophymatous rosacea is characterized by hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands which form thickened confluent plaques on the nose known as rhinophyma. Nasal disfiguration is seen in this condition, not nasal perforation. Causes of nasal perforation: Traumatic perforations Pathological perforations caused b... | [
"Septal abscess",
"Rhinophyma",
"Trauma"
] | Trauma |
184 | 3b3fcc1d-e538-4962-aa02-4cc0729f32f2 | A patient with Hb level 6 gms/dl, TLC-3500 and platelet count 50,000. The most probable diagnosis is\ | [
"Multiple myeloma"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Leukemia",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Aplastic anemia",
"Megaloblastic anemia"
] | Aplastic anemia # Pancytopenia characterized by (1) anemia, (2) neutropenia, and (3) thrombocytopenia.> Basis for these changes is a failure or suppression of multipotent myeloid stem cells, with inadequate production or release of the differentiated cell lines. | [
"Leukemia",
"Aplastic anemia",
"Megaloblastic anemia"
] | Megaloblastic anemia |
185 | 71d0996a-5067-465d-8a58-b373d5949e55 | Diagnostic feature of parathyroid carcinoma is | [
"Cytology"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Cytology",
"Metastasis",
"Clinical features",
"All"
] | Parathyroid carcinomas may be circumscribed lesions that are difficult to distinguish from adenomas. Cells are usually uniform and resemble normal parathyroid cells and of enclosed in a capsule. Diagnosis of carcinoma based on cytologic detail is unreliable , and invasion of surrounding tissues and metastasis are the o... | [
"Metastasis",
"Clinical features",
"All"
] | Metastasis |
186 | 39ba2579-32d5-4a34-b1e4-38b88f0e9c81 | On a average, failure rate in the couples using condom is about | [
"50 percent or more"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"0 to 5 percent",
"10 to 20 percent",
"30 to 40 percent",
"50 percent or more"
] | Condoms can be a highly effective method of contraception, if they are used correctly. Failure rates for the condom vary enormously. Survey has been repoed pregnancy rates bearing from 2 to 3 per 100 women years to more than 14 in typical users. Most failures are due to incorrect use Reference: Park&;s textbook of Prev... | [
"0 to 5 percent",
"10 to 20 percent",
"30 to 40 percent"
] | 0 to 5 percent |
187 | 2153e827-0ce6-4ac8-8e40-2ca6054878d9 | YAG laser capsulotomy is used in - | [
"Diabetes"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Retinal detachment",
"Diabetes",
"After- cataract",
"Refractive errors"
] | Posterior capsular opacification (after cataract or secondary cataract) is the most common late complication of uncomplicated cataract surgery. Pattern of opacification: the ring of sommerring and the elschnig pearls Treatment involves the creation of an opening in the posterior capsule, termed a capsulotomy, with the ... | [
"Retinal detachment",
"After- cataract",
"Refractive errors"
] | Refractive errors |
188 | 9ac299ba-a419-4b87-a08a-6fed52b967b2 | Contents of Deep perineal pouch include all of the following, EXCEPT? | [
"Dorsal Nerve of penis"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Root of penis",
"Sphincter urethrae",
"Bulbourethral gland",
"Dorsal Nerve of penis"
] | Root of penis is present in the superficial perineal pouch and not in the deep perineal pouch. Contents of the deep perineal pouch are: Sphincter urethraBubourethral glandsDorsal nerve of penisMembranous pa of urethraDeep trerse perineal muscleInternal pudendal vessel and its branches | [
"Root of penis",
"Sphincter urethrae",
"Bulbourethral gland"
] | Bulbourethral gland |
189 | 086676a5-cb90-4646-9062-ebc7462584d4 | Which muscle has dual function related to complete denture? | [
"Superior constrictor"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Buccinator",
"Superior constrictor",
"Masseter",
"Temporalis"
] | The masseteric notch in the distobuccal area of the denture base accommodates the mesial border of the masseter muscle. The masseter influences the denture base at this point during both opening and closing movements of the mandible. Overextension will result both in tissue soreness and in movement of the denture base... | [
"Buccinator",
"Masseter",
"Temporalis"
] | Buccinator |
190 | 44d622b6-68cd-4b6b-89a9-2e10c3f91f93 | The brush border bound hydrolase linked with sucrase is | [
"Alpha fructase"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Alpha dextrinase",
"Glucose hydrolase",
"Trehalase",
"Alpha fructase"
] | Hydrolysis of sucrose (optical rotation +66.5deg) will produce one molecule of glucose (+52.5deg) and one molecule of fructose (-92deg). Therefore the products will change the dextrorotation to levorotation, or the plane of rotation is inveed. Equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose thus formed is called inve sug... | [
"Alpha dextrinase",
"Glucose hydrolase",
"Trehalase"
] | Trehalase |
191 | 3a856cc5-2437-445e-bdd5-bb9c392a6a88 | Which of the following is a new drug that acts by inhibiting PCSK9? | [
"Brodalumab"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Reslizumab",
"Brodalumab",
"Alirocumab",
"Ixekizumab"
] | Monoclonal Antibodies that target PCSK9: Alirocumab and Evolocumab. Pro protein convease subtilisin Kexan type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein that binds LDL receptors and tro them to lysosomes where these are degraded . Therefore instead of recycling of LDL receptor to surface of hepatocytes they get destroyed. Inhibitors of P... | [
"Reslizumab",
"Alirocumab",
"Ixekizumab"
] | Ixekizumab |
192 | 733f2329-a325-4be3-bb33-4d5ac11ac3b5 | Not a feature of TOF - | [
"Boot shaped heart"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Boot shaped heart",
"Patent foramenovale",
"VSD",
"RVH"
] | Patent foramen ovaleTetrology of fallot# Cyanotic heart disease (MC)Defect in infundibular septum leads to :Pulmonary' stenosisVSD (Not ASD)Dextroposition and overriding of aorta.Right ventticular hypertrophy (NOT LVH).Pink TOF (Acyanotic TOF) when PS is mild to moderate balanced shunt tnt across the VSD, pt nothave cy... | [
"Patent foramenovale",
"VSD",
"RVH"
] | RVH |
193 | 370ffe78-4184-4183-b468-aa0d534314f5 | Histamine is secreted by: | [
"Chief cell"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Enterochromaffin cell",
"Parietal cell",
"Oxyntic cell",
"Chief cell"
] | - ECL cells lie in deep recesses of oxyntic glands & is associated with parietal cells of glands - Under influence of gastrin (secreted by G-cells), ECL cells release Histamine directly to deep oxyntic gland. Then histamine acts quickly to stimulate Hcl secretion Parietal cell / oxyntic cell: - Present in body of stoma... | [
"Enterochromaffin cell",
"Parietal cell",
"Oxyntic cell"
] | Enterochromaffin cell |
194 | 944c2cff-bf79-4b61-aecb-b86e3bb25cef | What is not a feature of paralytic squint - | [
"Diplopia"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Diplopia",
"Decreased visual acuity",
"Limited movement of eye ball",
"Change of head posture"
] | Paralytic squint usually occurs in adults when visual acuity has already been developed. Therefore amblyopia does not occur usually and visual acuity is normal. | [
"Decreased visual acuity",
"Limited movement of eye ball",
"Change of head posture"
] | Change of head posture |
195 | dc266f24-dd9a-4e6e-bb16-0b49e7ec9135 | Which of the following is an absolute CONTRAINDICATION to OCP use: | [
"Chronic renal disease"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Chronic renal disease",
"DVT",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"History of amenorrhea"
] | . DVTContraindications to combined oral contraceptivesThey are generally accepted to be contraindicated in women with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, in women who have a familial tendency to form blood clots/ thrombosis (such as familial factor V Leiden), women with severe obesity and/or hypercholesterolemia (high... | [
"DVT",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"History of amenorrhea"
] | History of amenorrhea |
196 | b783c1e1-b897-449f-82aa-0d4fbb579079 | In CO poisoning not true is .. | [
"Partial pressure low as 0.6 mmhg can be lethal"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Shifted of oxy Hb dissociation curve to the left side",
"Partial pressure low as 0.6 mmhg can be lethal",
"Tissue toxicity play an important role in clinical co-poisoning",
"Hyperbaric oxygen is used for treatment"
] | (Tissue toxicity plays an important role in clinical co-poisoning) (450 A K Jain 5th; 713 Sembolingam 6th)Tissue toxicity plays no role in clinical CO poisoning* CO shift the curve to left' due to inhibition of synthesis of 2.3 DPG. Affinity of CO' to combine with hemoglobin is 210 times more than that of O2Higher affi... | [
"Shifted of oxy Hb dissociation curve to the left side",
"Tissue toxicity play an important role in clinical co-poisoning",
"Hyperbaric oxygen is used for treatment"
] | Hyperbaric oxygen is used for treatment |
197 | ba47a89b-9ebe-4ab2-93c5-f7c77f62fb91 | Which of the following steps has proven benefit in decreasing puerperal infection following cesarean section? | [
"Single layer uterine closure"
] | [
"2"
] | [
"Non closure of peritoneum",
"Single layer uterine closure",
"Administration of single dose of ampicillin or 1st generation cephalosporin at the time of cesarean",
"Skin closure with staples than with suture"
] | Prophylactic antibiotics for the cesarean section have been conclusively proven to be beneficial.The first dose is administered at clamping and at least 2 more doses given 8th hourly intravenously in elective cases. Single-dose prophylaxis has been recommended by the ACOG. Both ampicillin and first-generation cephalosp... | [
"Non closure of peritoneum",
"Administration of single dose of ampicillin or 1st generation cephalosporin at the time of cesarean",
"Skin closure with staples than with suture"
] | Skin closure with staples than with suture |
198 | 6533a844-14ba-4862-9c5d-a761c7a5b454 | A 38-year-old woman complains to her physician of chronic pelvic pain that is much worse during her menstrual periods. Pelvic examination demonstrates an enlarged uterus with multiple palpable masses. Ultrasound shows that a large number of ball-like masses up to 6 cm diameter are present in the uterus. Most cases of t... | [
"Intramurally in the cervix of the uterus"
] | [
"1"
] | [
"Intramurally in the cervix of the uterus",
"Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus",
"Submucosally in the cervix of the uterus",
"Submucosally in the fundus or body of the uterus"
] | The vast majority of leiomyomas are found in the uterine fundus or body; with only 3% being found in the cervix. Of the leiomyomas in the fundus or body, 95% are intramural, with the remainder being located subserosally or submucosally. | [
"Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus",
"Submucosally in the cervix of the uterus",
"Submucosally in the fundus or body of the uterus"
] | Intramurally in the fundus or body of the uterus |
199 | 4c1907b2-e4ee-403f-9d6c-2268b5148244 | What is the biochemical defect in the Zellweger syndrome? | [
"Trisomy 21"
] | [
"0"
] | [
"Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder",
"Lysosomal targeting disorder",
"Defect in glycosylation of proteins",
"Trisomy 21"
] | . Peroxisomal biogenesis disorderBiochemical defect in Zellweger SyndromeThere is gene defects, involving mainly the import of proteins that contain the PTS1 targeting signal* Zellweger syndrome (most severe)Clinical picture* Typical facial appearance (high forehead, unslanting palpebral fissures, hypoplastic supraorbi... | [
"Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder",
"Lysosomal targeting disorder",
"Defect in glycosylation of proteins"
] | Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder |
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