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<s>What's another name for the concentric rings in trees?</s></s>Owing to differences in the character of the elements produced at the beginning and end of the season, the wood is marked out in transverse section into concentric rings, one for each season of growth, called annual rings.</s> | 0 | <s>Along with the Anglican Church and Uniting Church, what religious denomination operates private schools in Australia?</s></s>They are usually expensive schools that tend to be up-market and traditional in style, some Catholic schools fall into this category as well, e.g. St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Saint I... | 1 | 16.863808 | 22.02248 | 1,779,470,696,448 | qnli |
<s>How did Darwin change the grouping pioneered by Linnaeus?</s></s>These groupings have since been revised to align better with the Darwinian principle of common descent – grouping organisms by ancestry rather than superficial characteristics.</s> | 0 | <s>What type of camera was used to record the Moon landing?</s></s>The Moon landing data was recorded by a special Apollo TV camera which recorded in a format incompatible with broadcast TV.</s> | 0 | -12.067416 | -24.158482 | -370,514,788,352 | qnli |
<s>What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven?</s></s>Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only.</s> | 1 | <s>ABC bought 20 acres of land in Hollwood in 1949 that would become what studio?</s></s>On May 7, 1949, Billboard revealed that ABC had proposed an investment of $6.25 million, of which it would spend $2.5 million to convert 20 acres (80,937 m2) of land in Hollywood into what would become The Prospect Studios, and con... | 0 | 16.72793 | 16.264866 | 97,146,153,992,192 | qnli |
<s>What happened when Victoria's Uncle George IV died?</s></s>On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV.</s> | 0 | <s>What is the annual construction industry revenue in 2014?</s></s>In the United States, the industry in 2014 has around $960 billion in annual revenue according to statistics tracked by the Census Bureau, of which $680 billion is private (split evenly between residential and nonresidential) and the remainder is gover... | 0 | -23.91309 | -16.284821 | -1,353,744,566,452,224 | qnli |
<s>What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?</s></s>Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively.</s> | 1 | <s>What was the first picture released by ABC Pictures?</s></s>That year, Roone Arledge was named president of ABC Sports; the company also founded ABC Pictures, a film production company which released its first picture that year, the Ralph Nelson-directed Charly.</s> | 0 | 18.714245 | 13.898 | 519,606,821,191,680 | qnli |
<s>What was the name of the database product created by IBM?</s></s>The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a single large "chunk".</s> | 1 | <s>What river was there originally a bridge across in Roman times?</s></s>The course of the "Roman Wall" can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort in Wallsend—the "wall's end"—and to the supply fort Arbeia in South Shields.</s> | 1 | -17.105469 | -21.11425 | -10,551,021,273,088 | qnli |
<s>What is an example of a language that is not restricted to properties of human language?</s></s>Constructed languages such as Esperanto, programming languages, and various mathematical formalism is not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by human languages.</s> | 0 | <s>Besides Confucianism, Buddhism, and Islam, what religions were tolerated during the Yuan?</s></s>Buddhism (especially Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taoism endured certain persecutions in favor of Buddhism from the Yuan government.</s> | 1 | 18.010494 | 14.712111 | 480,265,793,175,552 | qnli |
<s>What is the name of the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio?</s></s>In the small shrine of San Vittore in ciel d'oro, now a chapel of Sant'Ambrogio, every surface is covered with mosaics from the second half of the 5th century.</s> | 1 | <s>What did Graham Twigg publish in 1984?</s></s>The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leadin... | 1 | -15.941056 | -17.55621 | -9,691,884,158,976 | qnli |
<s>What are the two languages of the Babylonian Talmud?</s></s>Hebrew is the liturgical language of Judaism (termed lashon ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue"), the language in which most of the Hebrew scriptures (Tanakh) were composed, and the daily speech of the Jewish people for centuries.</s> | 1 | <s>Who were otachi?</s></s>Confucian scholars were attracted to the medical profession because it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.</s> | 1 | -18.743317 | -15.802942 | -51,934,081,843,200 | qnli |
<s>The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?</s></s>NASA planners overcame this challenge by changing the mission flight order, delaying the first LM flight until March 1969, and sending Apollo 8 into lunar orbit without the LM in December.</s> | 0 | <s>When is the suspended team scheduled to return?</s></s>However, Chivas were suspended following the 2014 MLS season, with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.</s> | 0 | -18.139557 | -17.214245 | -50,012,708,929,536 | qnli |
<s>Which part of the brain is important for evaluating rewards and risks?</s></s>This leads to better evaluation of risks and rewards, as well as improved control over impulses.</s> | 1 | <s>What was Brisbane's job?</s></s>In an interview with newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy, stating, "</s> | 0 | 18.755331 | 12.137041 | 33,809,208,705,024 | qnli |
<s>Elena Pinchuk has what kind of a foundation?</s></s>Brian May commented, "It's a worthy challenge for us, and I'm sure Adam would meet with Freddie's approval."</s> | 1 | <s>In which case did the Court of Justice hold that requiring Italian lawyers to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?</s></s>This meant that a lawyer from Stuttgart, who had set up chambers in Milan and was censured by the Milan Bar Council for not having regist... | 1 | -14.285861 | -20.686171 | -1,960,387,674,112 | qnli |
<s>Which type of light bulb uses inert gas?</s></s>The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.</s> | 1 | <s>ABC bought 20 acres of land in Hollwood in 1949 that would become what studio?</s></s>On May 7, 1949, Billboard revealed that ABC had proposed an investment of $6.25 million, of which it would spend $2.5 million to convert 20 acres (80,937 m2) of land in Hollywood into what would become The Prospect Studios, and con... | 0 | 16.270535 | 21.364311 | 664,021,893,120 | qnli |
<s>What is the exact date on which the Concordat of 1801 was signed?</s></s>As a part of the Concordat, he presented another set of laws called the Organic Articles.</s> | 1 | <s>Which company owns ABC?</s></s>Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies as well.</s> | 1 | -15.011244 | -14.332654 | -3,906,154,004,480 | qnli |
<s>What is used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites?</s></s>Leviticus 24:10 says that the son in a marriage between a Hebrew woman and an Egyptian man is "of the community of Israel.</s> | 1 | <s>which years did tesla refer to as a time of terrible headaches and bitter tears?</s></s>He even lost control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock.</s> | 1 | -26.153 | -16.200611 | -2,409,572,752,949,248 | qnli |
<s>Many German-born Londoners were British citizens by birth due to what?</s></s>The 2011 census recorded that 2,998,264 people or 36.7% of London's population are foreign-born making London the city with the second largest immigrant population, behind New York City, in terms of absolute numbers.</s> | 1 | <s>What percentage of money raised by the Host Committee will be used for charitable causes?</s></s>Host Committee has vowed to be "the most giving Super Bowl ever", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.</s> | 0 | 16.503593 | 20.677517 | 17,011,460,538,368 | qnli |
<s>Who were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia?</s></s>The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia.</s> | 0 | <s>Where were non-condensing direct-drive locomotives notably used for fast passenger trains?</s></s>Some non-condensing direct-drive locomotives did meet with some success for long haul freight operations in Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain, but were not repeated.</s> | 0 | -16.211565 | -15.486562 | -11,615,451,742,208 | qnli |
<s>What was the main Filipino Islamist group being attacked?</s></s>In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups.</s> | 1 | <s>A language solved in quadratic time implies the use of what type of Turing machine?</s></s>For instance, the language {xx | x is any binary string} can be solved in linear time on a multi-tape Turing machine, but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines.</s> | 0 | 17.437252 | 14.122684 | 138,521,889,210,368 | qnli |
<s>What was Darwin's concession to Karl von Nägel's objections?</s></s>Darwin tried to meet these objections in the 5th edition.</s> | 1 | <s>How much did enrollment increase?</s></s>As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%.</s> | 0 | 17.472904 | 11.446196 | 52,267,864,555,520 | qnli |
<s>Who was Hawking's co-author?</s></s>Following a biological comparative approach, he concludes that it is highly probable that God exists, and, although not visible, it is possible that we know some of his attributes.</s> | 1 | <s>During what time did civilization in the Amazon was flourishing when Orellana made his observations?</s></s>The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the A... | 0 | 18.87002 | 22.834545 | 31,795,988,922,368 | qnli |
<s>Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?</s></s>The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area.</... | 0 | <s>When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?</s></s>In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August – 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris.</s> | 0 | -15.310096 | -17.320049 | -3,614,046,683,136 | qnli |
<s>What causes glaciers to deform and flow?</s></s>Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.</s> | 1 | <s>What is DECnet</s></s>DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.</s> | 0 | 18.783569 | 19.336014 | 28,167,911,768,064 | qnli |
<s>How many people dwell in Myanmar ?</s></s>The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded.</s> | 0 | <s>How did Luther describe the University of Erfurt?</s></s>He was made to wake at four every morning for what has been described as "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises."</s> | 1 | 16.483385 | 16.983761 | 4,556,559,220,736 | qnli |
<s>How many bikes are involved in the bike share system?</s></s>There are, as of September 2013, 276 stations with 4,000 bicycles across an area stretching from the Historic center to Polanco.</s> | 0 | <s>A Doctor Who show featuring Vincent Van Gogh was recognized by what award?</s></s>In 2009, Doctor Who was voted the 3rd greatest show of the 2000s by Channel 4, behind Top Gear and The Apprentice.</s> | 1 | 17.234869 | 10.246051 | 1,383,134,088,134,656 | qnli |
<s>When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union?</s></s>After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July.</s> | 0 | <s>Why was ABC forced to sell its interests in international networks in the 70s?</s></s>As a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America, in the 1970s.</s> | 1 | 19.3053 | 17.620201 | 89,138,942,443,520 | qnli |
<s>What organization sponsors an assistance program for least developed countries?</s></s>Tuvalu participates in the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries (EIF), which was established in October 1997 under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation.</s> | 0 | <s>Where is corporal punishment no longer practiced?</s></s>In past times, corporal punishment (spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world.</s> | 1 | 16.796637 | 18.234543 | 15,252,647,313,408 | qnli |
<s>What are some neighborhoods in Raleigh?</s></s>Some of the names have become common place among locals such as the Warehouse, Fayetteville Street, and Glenwood South Districts.</s> | 1 | <s>What is the lake known as which was created by the rise of the Andes Mountains?</s></s>During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.</s> | 1 | -20.478851 | -21.030054 | -153,004,015,616,000 | qnli |
<s>Though the Muslims couldn't take full control of Galicia, when was it that they invaded Spain?</s></s>Later the Muslims invaded Spain (711), but the Arabs and Moors never managed to have any real control over Galicia, which was later incorporated into the expanding Christian Kingdom of Asturias, usually known as Gal... | 0 | <s>What animation company worked on some of The Reign of Terror episodes?</s></s>The BBC, in conjunction with animation studio Cosgrove Hall, reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968), using remastered audio tracks and the comprehensive stage notes for the original filming, for the serial's DVD ... | 1 | 17.916002 | 17.55986 | 21,109,814,591,488 | qnli |
<s>Where does Seattle rank in size of economy in 2010?</s></s>Though it was affected by the Great Recession, Seattle has retained a comparatively strong economy, and remains a hotbed for start-up businesses, especially in green building and clean technologies: it was ranked as America's No. 1 "smarter city" based on it... | 1 | <s>What does 'Pax Mongolica' mean?</s></s>Pax Mongolica, Mongol peace, enabled the spread of technologies, commodities, and culture between China and the West.</s> | 0 | 17.798788 | 19.438063 | 11,723,325,046,784 | qnli |
<s>How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?</s></s>On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and t... | 1 | <s>What did the Apple system assign automatically</s></s>The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing.</s> | 0 | 18.011034 | 16.376236 | 5,410,563,031,040 | qnli |
<s>In what century were distinct Gothic details used on new construction at Oxford and Cambridge?</s></s>It is not easy to decide whether these instances were Gothic survival or early appearances of Gothic revival.</s> | 1 | <s>Against whom did the Camisards rise up to fight?</s></s>It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.</s> | 1 | -22.598978 | -17.235821 | -500,541,125,820,416 | qnli |
<s>What is the meaning of "pri"?</s></s>The prefix prě- ("trans-, over-") when long became pre- in eastern Ijekavian dialects but to prije- in western dialects; in Ikavian pronunciation, it also evolved into pre- or prije- due to potential ambiguity with pri- ("approach, come close to").</s> | 0 | <s>Given the strength of French forces at Louisbourg, what did Loudoun do?</s></s>Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry.</s> | 0 | -21.677267 | -16.156292 | -156,184,824,774,656 | qnli |
<s>To which reporter did Kanye West express regret for his remark about President Bush?</s></s>"I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist", he told Lauer.</s> | 1 | <s>What process is responsible for the planet's oxygen content?</s></s>The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere.</s> | 0 | 19.35817 | 8.129602 | 1,277,822,295,343,104 | qnli |
<s>How are severe infections of the brain usually treated?</s></s>Depending on the severity and the type of infection, the antibiotic may be given by mouth or by injection, or may be applied topically.</s> | 1 | <s>What did the the Europeans think the peoples in the tropics were in need of?</s></s>These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being.</s> | 1 | -20.335342 | -18.508394 | -129,426,071,224,320 | qnli |
<s>What banners appeared on the winners' podium at the August 2013 ceremony?</s></s>In the video, the banners rise up automatically—activists controlled their appearance with the use of four radio car antennas—revealing the website URL, alongside an image that consists of half of a polar bear's head and half of the She... | 1 | <s>What are the molecular inputs for photosynthesis?</s></s>Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O2) is made, using light energy.</s> | 0 | 17.588394 | 15.762581 | 5,724,053,700,608 | qnli |
<s>How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975?</s></s>In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution.</s> | 0 | <s>Besides publishing To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation and On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, what other work did Luther produce in 1520?</s></s>To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, and On the Freedom of a Christian.</s> | 0 | -17.805992 | -19.620022 | -27,154,299,486,208 | qnli |
<s>Which film did Kaminski first work with Spielberg on?</s></s>An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln.</s> | 1 | <s>How old most a person be to apply to be an MSP?</s></s>As in the House of Commons, a number of qualifications apply to being an MSP.</s> | 1 | -24.200491 | -15.01923 | -1,333,681,297,817,600 | qnli |
<s>When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?</s></s>However, in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth.</s> | 0 | <s>What did Luther write as an outline of the new faith?</s></s>According to Bainton: "Luther's dilemma was that he wanted both a confessional church based on personal faith and experience and a territorial church including all in a given locality.</s> | 1 | 16.825024 | 23.104206 | 3,004,195,405,824 | qnli |
<s>Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact?</s></s>On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary.</s> | 1 | <s>From what landmark within Fresno does the Tower Theatre get its name?</s></s>(The name of the theater refers to a well-known landmark water tower, which is actually in another nearby area).</s> | 0 | 17.85651 | 12.917806 | 89,527,871,864,832 | qnli |
<s>What has replaced the term Near East?</s></s>Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire.</s> | 1 | <s>What kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?</s></s>Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia.</s> | 0 | 18.484003 | 19.105175 | 46,871,313,645,568 | qnli |
<s>How was gold spluttering used in vinyl creation?</s></s>Vinyl pressings were made with stampers from master cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering.</s> | 0 | <s>What day of the week did Shark Tank debut on?</s></s>Among the few bright spots during this season were the midseason crime dramedy Castle as well as the success of two family sitcoms that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup, The Middle and Modern Family, the latter of which was both a critical a... | 1 | 18.778477 | 13.736816 | 661,573,274,173,440 | qnli |
<s>What office did Sanha hold in 2012?</s></s>In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died.</s> | 0 | <s>Where is the upper canal regulation of the Rhine?</s></s>A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.</s> | 0 | -12.357035 | -15.238851 | -357,472,698,368 | qnli |
<s>What event brought thousands of people to Alaska in the 1890s to early 1910s?</s></s>Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska.</s> | 0 | <s>What civil rights movement in the US was known for it's disobedience?</s></s>Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws.</s> | 1 | 17.432026 | 18.691483 | 2,606,765,703,168 | qnli |
<s>What are objective social constructions?</s></s>Under Kaplan and Winther's view, racial groupings are objective social constructions (see Mills 1998 ) that have conventional biological reality only insofar as the categories are chosen and constructed for pragmatic scientific reasons.</s> | 0 | <s>When did Gerhard Lessing reach his conclusions about Luther?</s></s>Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue.</s> | 0 | -16.916006 | -14.71192 | -15,978,834,427,904 | qnli |
<s>What century did King Charlemagne reign?</s></s>By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große.</s> | 0 | <s>When did Luther travel to Mansfeld twice?</s></s>Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice in late 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546 for their completion.</s> | 0 | -22.848791 | -17.677298 | -529,449,409,839,104 | qnli |
<s>How many days is the incubation period for kiwis?</s></s>Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis).</s> | 0 | <s>Who provided a definition of linear bounded automata in 1960?</s></s>Earlier papers studying problems solvable by Turing machines with specific bounded resources include John Myhill's definition of linear bounded automata (Myhill 1960), Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets (1961), as well as Hisao Yamada's ... | 0 | -17.516991 | -19.968082 | -25,062,870,614,016 | qnli |
<s>How long were workers in Ford Plant evacuated for?</s></s>Meanwhile, workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes.</s> | 0 | <s>To what can the use of prolonged breathing of oxygen at 60 kPa lead?</s></s>Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures, its most feared effect for divers) can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21%</s> | 1 | 16.614311 | 12.328079 | 23,352,563,466,240 | qnli |
<s>What league freed Corinth?</s></s>The Achean league was able to drive out the Macedonians from the Peloponnese and free Corinth, which duly joined the league.</s> | 0 | <s>What kingdom annexed Warsaw in 1796?</s></s>Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia.</s> | 0 | -21.032627 | -15.809243 | -167,458,862,268,416 | qnli |
<s>Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?</s></s>The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence.</s> | 1 | <s>What manner of words does Mullet think Luther would choose?</s></s>However, Mullett suggests that given his nature, "we are free to believe that Luther would tend to select the more dramatic form of words."</s> | 0 | 18.487576 | 16.280983 | 68,981,310,357,504 | qnli |
<s>How many media outlets does Washington University support?</s></s>A variety of other publications also serve the university community, ranging from in-house academic journals to glossy alumni magazines to WUnderground, campus' student-run satirical newspaper.</s> | 1 | <s>What did the government and civil society organisations start after the riots?</s></s>For example, the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission initiated community dialogues, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya started peace meetings and the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process was started.</s... | 1 | -17.661364 | -16.720943 | -33,492,075,282,432 | qnli |
<s>What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 2007 study?</s></s>It also concluded that the classification of polychaetes into Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata was useless, as the members of these alleged groups were scattered all over the family tree derived from comparing the 81... | 0 | <s>What city later became Beijing?</s></s>Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq in 1264, constructing a new city near the former Jurchen capital Zhongdu, now modern Beijing, in 1266.</s> | 0 | -19.311726 | -15.790412 | -67,809,899,970,560 | qnli |
<s>One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what?</s></s>Their work involves the improvement of reproductive health; including creation of national strategies and protocols, and providing supplies and services.</s> | 1 | <s>How did scientists assess the DNA/RNA of yersinia pestis?</s></s>ends the debate about the etiology of the Black Death, and unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages".</s> | 1 | -18.629726 | -16.517921 | -63,407,407,497,216 | qnli |
<s>What type of development has Zhejiang been an epicenter of?</s></s>Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average.</s> | 1 | <s>What is the title of Edwards book about Luther?</s></s>Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used "vulgarity and violence" for effect, both in his writings condemning the Jews and in diatribes against "Turks" (Muslims) and Catholics.</s> | 1 | -19.852377 | -17.23637 | -94,073,205,555,200 | qnli |
<s>What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?</s></s>Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island.</s> | 0 | <s>How many elements did Aristotle believe the terrestrial sphere to be made up of?</s></s>Aristotle believed that motionless objects on Earth, those composed mostly of the elements earth and water, to be in their natural place on the ground and that they will stay that way if left alone.</s> | 1 | 18.22105 | 22.00374 | 2,138,889,388,032 | qnli |
<s>Thomas Edison is credited with?</s></s>In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan.</s> | 1 | <s>What is the title of Edwards book about Luther?</s></s>Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used "vulgarity and violence" for effect, both in his writings condemning the Jews and in diatribes against "Turks" (Muslims) and Catholics.</s> | 1 | -19.834211 | -18.070116 | -106,155,644,813,312 | qnli |
<s>What does the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conduct?</s></s>The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East.</s> | 1 | <s>When did Luther and his wife live?</s></s>Luther confided to Michael Stiefel on 11 August 1526: "My Katie is in all things so obliging and pleasing to me that I would not exchange my poverty for the riches of Croesus."</s> | 1 | -13.227084 | -13.008123 | -1,125,543,837,696 | qnli |
<s>What law involving slaves did the city react strongly to?</s></s>The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case.</s> | 0 | <s>What is DECnet</s></s>DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.</s> | 0 | -21.833862 | -18.218922 | -261,099,148,541,952 | qnli |
<s>How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?</s></s>About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick.</s> | 0 | <s>What is DECnet</s></s>DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.</s> | 0 | -16.278425 | -18.200974 | -7,244,416,024,576 | qnli |
<s>What type of programming was broadcast from Cairo?</s></s>During this period, Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo.</s> | 0 | <s>Even in large firms, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be what?</s></s>Presently, a firm that is nominally an "architecture" or "construction management" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an a... | 1 | 18.468962 | 20.023401 | 16,315,439,906,816 | qnli |
<s>What does this imply the use an extra group of pronouns for?</s></s>Catalan pronouns exhibit T–V distinction, like all other Romance languages (and most European languages, but not Modern English).</s> | 1 | <s>What books did Bayle publish?</s></s>He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary.</s> | 0 | 17.71747 | 18.7974 | 6,107,921,121,280 | qnli |
<s>How much a Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?</s></s>my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China,... | 1 | <s>When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?</s></s>By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.</s> | 0 | 16.371218 | 15.619465 | 1,995,262,787,584 | qnli |
<s>How did Republicans attack Kerry?</s></s>opposed Kerry's campaign.</s> | 1 | <s>Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time?</s></s>Brownlee argues, "Bringing in deterrence at the level of justification detracts from the law’s engagement in a moral dialogue with the offender as a rational person because it focuses attention on the threat of punishment and not the moral reasons to follow... | 1 | -14.577852 | -9.295126 | -4,893,695,803,392 | qnli |
<s>What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?</s></s>Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.</s> | 0 | <s>What is DECnet</s></s>DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.</s> | 0 | -16.138868 | -17.22434 | -6,895,899,770,880 | qnli |
<s>What is the Naval Air Station used for?</s></s>The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda.</s> | 1 | <s>Along with mills and mines, in what industrial locations did steam drive machines?</s></s>There have at one time or another been steam-powered farm tractors, motorcycles (without much success) and even automobiles as the Stanley Steamer.</s> | 1 | -8.463636 | -19.218552 | -4,265,297,920 | qnli |
<s>What can CD parameters be used as references for?</s></s>Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published.</s> | 0 | <s>Which sized cars were the least demanded cars in the crisis?</s></s>The crisis reduced the demand for large cars.</s> | 0 | -17.665159 | -15.478209 | -27,049,100,050,432 | qnli |
<s>The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?</s></s>The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial ga... | 1 | <s>When is the funfair held in Newcastle?</s></s>Another green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre.</s> | 1 | -18.168907 | -15.680153 | -24,008,670,052,352 | qnli |
<s>Where did Apollo have a temple in the agora?</s></s>A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona.</s> | 1 | <s>What is another piece created by Olivier Messiaen?</s></s>The French composer Olivier Messiaen used prime numbers to create ametrical music through "natural phenomena".</s> | 1 | -17.147379 | -15.341953 | -33,685,493,514,240 | qnli |
<s>On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation?</s></s>An alarming report on the Posen situation, sent to Bismarck on 16 August 1870, led to the quartering of reserve troop contingents in the restive province.</s> | 0 | <s>What are dart frogs are known to secrete?</s></s>Various species of poison dart frogs secrete lipophilic alkaloid toxins through their flesh.</s> | 0 | -16.498369 | -14.278802 | -11,313,590,829,056 | qnli |
<s>Who is credited with creating the nocturne?</s></s>He essentially established a new genre with his own set of free-standing preludes (Op.</s> | 1 | <s>What did ABC do that was special in 2003?</s></s>The ABC has periodically repeated episodes; of note were the weekly screenings of all available classic episodes starting in 2003, for the show's 40th anniversary, and the weekdaily screenings of all available revived episodes in 2013 for the show's 50th anniversary.<... | 0 | 18.661488 | 19.486197 | 5,206,304,096,256 | qnli |
<s>What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs?</s></s>Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs.</s> | 1 | <s>When could a teacher act in the role of a parent?</s></s>Throughout the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment.</s> | 1 | -14.592981 | -19.347355 | -2,920,655,618,048 | qnli |
<s>What type of soldiers came from Hong Kong?</s></s>To a small extent, some Vichy French, Indian National Army, and Burmese National Army forces were active in the area of the Pacific War.</s> | 1 | <s>Which of Luther's hymn was the main one for Advent?</s></s>Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland" (Now come, Savior of the gentiles), based on Veni redemptor gentium, became the main hymn (Hauptlied) for Advent.</s> | 0 | 17.156767 | 20.996231 | 6,200,496,750,592 | qnli |
<s>How were the 8 banners recognized?</s></s>The remaining Banners were known as the "Lower Five Banners.</s> | 1 | <s>What is a derogatory term for the Christian academies that arose in the wake of school desegregation?</s></s>Since the 1970s, many of these "segregation academies" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[citation needed]</s> | 0 | 17.31391 | 14.152493 | 147,837,757,161,472 | qnli |
<s>Who wrote 'Empire of the Sun'?</s></s>Reviewer Andrew Sarris called it the best film of the year and later included it among the best films of the decade.</s> | 1 | <s>Against what does reactive oxygen play in plant defense?</s></s>Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O_2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event, about a billion years after the first ... | 1 | -20.879572 | -19.048401 | -258,628,720,263,168 | qnli |
<s>What is the name of the campus radio station?</s></s>WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students.</s> | 0 | <s>At what point does oxygen toxicity begin to happen?</s></s>Oxygen gas (O_2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures, leading to convulsions and other health problems.[j]</s> | 1 | 16.338074 | 11.203979 | 49,828,750,950,400 | qnli |
<s>When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?</s></s>Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District.</s> | 0 | <s>What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland, and the Alps in the last Ice Age?</s></s>22,000–14,000 yr BP, when ice-sheets covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland and the Alps, but left the space between as open tundra.</s> | 0 | -17.389153 | -17.797901 | -19,713,709,047,808 | qnli |
<s>Who was the Collector for the port of Pennsylvania in 1715?</s></s>Other lodges in the colony obtained authorisations from the later Antient Grand Lodge of England, the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and the Grand Lodge of Ireland, which was particularly well represented in the travelling lodges of the British Army.</s> | 1 | <s>What are sometimes present in the boiler's firebox crown?</s></s>Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox.</s> | 0 | 17.195555 | 11.11434 | 451,498,974,642,176 | qnli |
<s>Who ruled Nigeria until he died in 1998?</s></s>The classic case of a corrupt, exploitive dictator often given is the regime of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, who ruled the Democratic Republic of the Congo (which he renamed Zaire) from 1965 to 1997.</s> | 1 | <s>When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?</s></s>By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.</s> | 0 | 18.358349 | 18.487288 | 4,789,782,446,080 | qnli |
<s>WHat is Panentheism?</s></s>—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]</s> | 1 | <s>How much did enrollment increase?</s></s>As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%.</s> | 0 | 17.735027 | 9.325741 | 201,215,459,721,216 | qnli |
<s>what is qbuzz</s></s>Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district.</s> | 0 | <s>Who may introduce new laws or amendments to laws already on the books as a bill?</s></s>Most draft laws are government bills introduced by ministers in the governing party.</s> | 1 | 17.246275 | 17.512135 | 56,971,973,623,808 | qnli |
<s>Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?</s></s>For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom pre-preg and copper foil.</s> | 1 | <s>When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals?</s></s>By the 1970s, the Brotherhood had renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals.</s> | 0 | 18.274513 | 10.211088 | 141,225,453,682,688 | qnli |
<s>Does Burma have more than one religion ?</s></s>The Christian and Muslim populations do, however, face religious persecution and it is hard, if not impossible, for non-Buddhists to join the army or get government jobs, the main route to success in the country.</s> | 1 | <s>What is issued once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed?</s></s>During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code.</s> | 1 | -18.516731 | -16.577274 | -45,836,788,563,968 | qnli |
<s>How often do the national rugby teams play for the Triple Crown?</s></s>These national rugby teams play each other each year for the Triple Crown as part of the Six Nations Championship.</s> | 0 | <s>When rock formations are found on top of a fault that have not been cut, then they must be older or younger than the fault?</s></s>Finding the key bed in these situations may help determine whether the fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault.</s> | 1 | 19.116104 | 10.741228 | 11,588,933,255,168 | qnli |
<s>How many guarantees will most databases tolerate?</s></s>A distributed system can satisfy any two of these guarantees at the same time, but not all three.</s> | 0 | <s>When were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?</s></s>Professor Liam Kelley noted that people from Song dynasty China like Zhao Zhong and Xu Zongdao fled to Tran dynasty ruled Vietnam after the Mongol invasion of the Song and they helped the Tran fight against the Mongol invasion.</s> | 1 | 16.548502 | 26.499392 | 617,282,142,208 | qnli |
<s>Which traders came to the archipelago for trade?</s></s>Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with merchants from China, who also discovered the Malay world at an early date.</s> | 0 | <s>What term referred to middle class citizens leaving the suburbs?</s></s>After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war.</s> | 1 | 19.083008 | 22.743765 | 3,996,128,903,168 | qnli |
<s>What kind of lasers are crystals of zinc suflde used in?</s></s>Crystals of ZnS are used in lasers that operate in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum.</s> | 0 | <s>Who translated this version of the scriptures?</s></s>The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France.</s> | 1 | 20.55607 | 19.785486 | 33,807,291,908,096 | qnli |
<s>How is XML used in enterprise database management?</s></s>XML database management systems include commercial software MarkLogic and Oracle Berkeley DB XML, and a free use software Clusterpoint Distributed XML/JSON Database.</s> | 1 | <s>Between what times does Good Morning America air on ABC?</s></s>Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. weekdays (with a one-hour break at 12:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific for stations to air newscasts, other locally produced programming such as talk shows, or syndicated programs) featuring the t... | 1 | -17.475506 | -19.653849 | -28,651,349,344,256 | qnli |
<s>How many students are in New York City public schools?</s></s>The city's public school system includes nine specialized high schools to serve academically and artistically gifted students.</s> | 1 | <s>Who said chloroplasts are similar to cyanobacteria?</s></s>Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae.</s> | 1 | -17.985889 | -16.723713 | -35,618,230,894,592 | qnli |
<s>What do people who eat dog meat consider Western culture, since people there do eat many different animals?</s></s>In some places, however, such as in rural areas of Poland, dog fat is believed to have medicinal properties—being good for the lungs for instance.</s> | 1 | <s>When did Pachauri resign as chair of the IPCC?</s></s>Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli, who was designated acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015.</s> | 0 | 17.263586 | 16.554749 | 59,341,767,966,720 | qnli |
<s>Was CBC's application for a digital transitter in Fredricton approved or rejected?</s></s>On March 23, 2011, the CRTC rejected an application by the CBC to install a digital transmitter serving Fredricton, New Brunswick in place of the analogue transmitter serving Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick, which wou... | 0 | <s>Who originally hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire for ABC?</s></s>In August 1999, ABC premiered a special series event, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.</s> | 1 | 19.324329 | 10.925636 | 274,691,595,960,320 | qnli |
<s>The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?</s></s>The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial ga... | 1 | <s>Who do clinical pharmacists work with much of the time?</s></s>Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals to improve pharmaceutical care.</s> | 0 | 18.80418 | 15.425523 | 10,448,424,402,944 | qnli |
<s>When was the greatest snowfall?</s></s>Winter storms have caused traffic problems in the past as well.</s> | 1 | <s>What is DECnet</s></s>DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation, originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.</s> | 0 | 17.815737 | 26.1437 | 247,824,728,064 | qnli |
<s>What sector provides key communication services?</s></s>Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop.</s> | 0 | <s>When did Gerhard Lessing reach his conclusions about Luther?</s></s>Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy on this issue.</s> | 0 | -16.809641 | -16.338079 | -11,738,558,758,912 | qnli |
<s>What was the increase in non-German population between 2011 and 2013?</s></s>In July 2013, there were 41,000 non-Germans by citizenship living in Thuringia (1.9% of the population − among the smallest proportions of any state in Germany).</s> | 1 | <s>What kind of allegations were brought after the 2007 election?</s></s>Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December 2007 and the violence that subsequently engulfed the country, a commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission, commended its readiness and adjudged it to "have performed its duty well."<... | 1 | -15.78703 | -18.982151 | -6,988,592,316,416 | qnli |
<s>In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?</s></s>Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works.</s> | 1 | <s>How many factors of health and social problems did Wilkinson and PIckett identify?</s></s>Creating an index of "Health and Social Problems" from nine factors, authors Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett found health and social problems "more common in countries with bigger income inequalities", and more common among ... | 0 | 16.374716 | 17.946428 | 31,440,299,360,256 | qnli |
<s>How many songs has Kanye had that have exceeded 3 million digital sales?</s></s>West has had six songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of December 2012, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000, "Love Lockdown" selling over ... | 0 | <s>A language solved in quadratic time implies the use of what type of Turing machine?</s></s>For instance, the language {xx | x is any binary string} can be solved in linear time on a multi-tape Turing machine, but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines.</s> | 0 | -14.56437 | -17.694847 | -2,829,930,987,520 | qnli |
<s>What part of wood's cells are composed of cellulose and hemicellulose?</s></s>Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material.</s> | 1 | <s>What artist provided the woodcuts for Luther's Bible?</s></s>Furnished with notes and prefaces by Luther, and with woodcuts by Lucas Cranach that contained anti-papal imagery, it played a major role in the spread of Luther's doctrine throughout Germany.</s> | 0 | 18.25069 | 21.701717 | 10,555,258,568,704 | qnli |
<s>Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan?</s></s>Vladimir the Great (980–1015) introduced Christianity with his own baptism and, by decree, that of all the inhabitants of Kiev and beyond.</s> | 1 | <s>When did the Steven Spielberg movie Duel first debut?</s></s>On the television side, in September 1969, ABC launched the Movie of the Week, a weekly showcase aimed at capitalizing on the growing success of made-for-TV movies since the early 1960s.</s> | 1 | -15.482529 | -20.155508 | -5,388,794,068,992 | qnli |
<s>What is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God?</s></s>The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God.</s> | 0 | <s>When could a teacher act in the role of a parent?</s></s>Throughout the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment.</s> | 1 | 18.43671 | 12.125788 | 166,634,966,745,088 | qnli |
<s>Who is Hai Gaon thought to be referring to when he says Ashkenaz?</s></s>In the first half of the 11th century, Hai Gaon refers to questions that had been addressed to him from Ashkenaz, by which he undoubtedly means Germany.</s> | 0 | <s>What might starch grains be a side effect of?</s></s>While linked to low photosynthesis rates, the starch grains themselves may not necessarily interfere significantly with the efficiency of photosynthesis, and might simply be a side effect of another photosynthesis-depressing factor.</s> | 0 | -21.511438 | -15.147248 | -381,607,307,378,688 | qnli |
<s>What are the devotional practices?</s></s>Devotional practices include bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting.</s> | 0 | <s>What two environmental conditions are controlled in the museum?</s></s>Activities include controlling the museum environment (for example, temperature and light) and preventing pests (primarily insects) from damaging artefacts.</s> | 0 | -22.654465 | -19.949728 | -518,696,120,352,768 | qnli |
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