text
stringlengths 86
1.34k
|
|---|
### Human: Who has the authority to demand repayment in case of violation? ### Assistant: The Implementing Agency has the authority to demand repayment if there is a violation of the terms and conditions, as well as any instructions or rules issued by them.
|
### Human: How much farmyard manure (FYM) should be applied per acre during final land preparation for Okra cultivation? ### Assistant: During final land preparation for Okra cultivation, it is advised to apply 10 cartloads (quantity may vary) of farmyard manure (FYM) per acre.
|
### Human: What type of fruit juices are preferred for making cordial? ### Assistant: Citrus juices such as lime and lemon are preferred for making cordial.
|
### Human: What determines the gas mixture used in Modified Atmosphere (MA)? ### Assistant: The gas mixture used in Modified Atmosphere (MA) is dependent on the type of fruit or vegetable being stored.
|
### Human: What is the difference between carbonated and non-carbonated beverages? ### Assistant: The classification of beverages as carbonated or non-carbonated is based on the degree of mechanical carbonation. Carbonated beverages are those that have carbon dioxide gas dissolved in them, which gives them their characteristic fizz and bubbles. Examples of carbonated beverages include soda, sparkling water, and fizzy drinks. Non-carbonated beverages, on the other hand, do not have carbon dioxide gas dissolved in them and do not display fizz or bubbles. Examples of non-carbonated beverages include still water, juice, and milk.
|
### Human: What is the recommended number of deep ploughings for raising rice nurseries? ### Assistant: The recommended number of deep ploughings for raising rice nurseries is 2-3.
|
### Human: What percentage of the Guaranteed Amount in Default does SFAC honor upon the submission of a claim? ### Assistant: SFAC honors 75% of the Guaranteed Amount in Default, up to a maximum of 75% of the guaranteed cap amount, on submission of a claim by the ELI where appropriate action for recovery has been initiated.
|
### Human: When should cotton be sown in red soils? ### Assistant: Cotton should be sown during June to mid-July in red soils.
|
### Human: How is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) calculated based on projected profitability? ### Assistant: The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a financial metric that measures the profitability of an investment. It is calculated based on the projected profitability by considering the cash inflows and outflows over a period of time. The IRR is the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the investment becomes zero. It helps farmers assess the potential returns of their investment.
|
### Human: Which medium to early duration varieties are resistant to wilt and sterility mosaic? ### Assistant: The medium to early duration varieties that are resistant to wilt and sterility mosaic include BDN-711, BDN-716, Godavari, PKV Tara, Phule Rajeswari, etc. It is advisable to use these varieties to ensure higher yield in adverse climatic conditions.
|
### Human: What is the process for signing electronic documents? ### Assistant: Electronic documents, like eforms, need to be signed digitally using a Digital Signature Certificate. This means that a special digital signature is applied to the document to ensure its authenticity and integrity.
|
### Human: When should sowing be done? ### Assistant: Sowing should be done during mid-June. This is the ideal time to plant the seeds as it aligns with the favorable environmental conditions and ensures optimal growth and development of the crops.
|
### Human: How broad are the roots of this cultivar? ### Assistant: The roots of this cultivar are 3-5cm broad.
|
### Human: What are the permitted food colourings used in beverages? ### Assistant: The permitted food colourings used in beverages include natural, natural identical, or synthetic dyes.
|
### Human: What is the major issue confronting the global trade in food? ### Assistant: The major issue confronting the global trade in food is the need for stakeholders to agree on safety and quality (HACCP).
|
### Human: What is the importance of good drainage for kodo cultivation? ### Assistant: Good drainage is important for kodo cultivation as it helps prevent waterlogging, which can be detrimental to the growth of the crop.
|
### Human: How much seed rate is required for natural sorghum cultivation? ### Assistant: Natural sorghum cultivation requires 44 kg / ha of certified seeds.
|
### Human: Can the agreement be terminated? ### Assistant: Yes, the agreement can be terminated with written notice.
|
### Human: What is in-pack pasteurization? ### Assistant: In-pack pasteurization is a method commonly used in small scale units to treat fruit juice. It involves filling the juice in packs, like bottles, and immersing them in heated water tanks held at a temperature of 80-90°C. The juice is subjected to pasteurization conditions of 80-85°C for up to 20 minutes to ensure product safety. After pasteurization, the bottles are air-dried and labeled.
|
### Human: How should storage be cleaned before storing grains? ### Assistant: Before storing grains, the storage area should be properly cleaned by removing all the grains and other storage matter from the previous crop. This ensures that there are no remaining grains or debris that can attract pests or contribute to contamination. Cleaning the storage area helps create a hygienic environment for storing grains and minimizes the risk of infestation or spoilage.
|
### Human: Is 'R u' considered proper grammar in formal writing or professional communication? ### Assistant: No, 'R u' is not considered proper grammar in formal writing or professional communication. It is more commonly used in informal contexts and may not be appropriate in situations where a more formal tone is required.
|
### Human: How long are the roots of this cultivar? ### Assistant: The roots of this cultivar are 11-15cm long.
|
### Human: What are the varieties of barley suitable for malt production mentioned in the text? ### Assistant: The text mentions two varieties of barley suitable for malt production: Progress (K. 508) and Malt-Progress (K. 508). These varieties are known for their favorable characteristics for malt production.
|
### Human: What is the recommended treatment for seeds before sowing? ### Assistant: The recommended treatment for seeds before sowing is to use Carbendazim 50WP at a rate of 2 grams per kilogram of seeds, or Captan at a rate of 2 grams per kilogram of seeds, or Trichoderma viride at a rate of 5 grams per kilogram of seeds. This treatment should be done 24 hours before sowing to protect the seeds from soil-borne diseases.
|
### Human: What is the nature of the shares in a cooperative society? ### Assistant: The shares in a cooperative society are non-tradable, meaning they cannot be bought or sold on the open market. However, they can be transferred among the members of the society. The shares are limited to the par value at which they are issued.
|
### Human: What is watermelon compost? ### Assistant: Watermelon compost refers to the compost that is specifically made from watermelon rinds. Instead of throwing away the rinds, they can be added to a compost pile or bin along with other organic materials. Over time, these rinds will decompose and contribute to the creation of nutrient-rich compost that can be beneficial for plants.
|
### Human: Is it necessary to destone certain types of fruit before grinding and extracting juice? ### Assistant: For small stone fruit like apricots and plums, it might be necessary to destone (remove the pits) depending on the grinding-extraction equipment selection.
|
### Human: What is solar heat therapy in agriculture? ### Assistant: Solar heat therapy is the practice of drying the seed in the hot sun after harvest and again before sowing.
|
### Human: What are some examples of alternative farming systems? ### Assistant: Many systems of farming came out of the efforts of many experts and laymen, including organic farming which is considered to be the best among all of them due to its scientific approach and wider acceptance worldwide.
|
### Human: What is the nature of damage caused by the Tamarind beetle? ### Assistant: The nature of damage caused by the Tamarind beetle is the infestation of its grub inside the tamarind fruits, which leads to the formation of the circular holes.
|
### Human: What should be the planting quantity of medium paddy for an area of 800-4000 sq.m? ### Assistant: For an area of 800-4000 sq.m, 35 kg of medium paddy should be planted.
|
### Human: Does this F1 hybrid have any resistance to diseases? ### Assistant: Yes, this F1 hybrid has resistance to bottom rot and tip burn.
|
### Human: How should the dhaincha crop be ploughed down in the soil? ### Assistant: The dhaincha crop should be ploughed down in the soil with the help of a Rotavator implement.
|
### Human: What should be done before uprooting the nursery? ### Assistant: The nursery should be irrigated and washed to remove mud before uprooting.
|
### Human: What should be avoided in terms of sowing groundnut? ### Assistant: Sowing of groundnut after 15 July should be avoided.
|
### Human: What are the advantages of processing fruits and vegetables? ### Assistant: Processing fruits and vegetables using different methods has its own advantages.
|
### Human: What should be done to restrict movement to the cattle shed? ### Assistant: To restrict movement to the cattle shed, visitors should be restricted from entering the shed.
|
### Human: What is shoot fly? ### Assistant: Shoot fly, scientifically known as Atherigona varia soccata, is an insect belonging to the Anthomyiidae family of Diptera. It is a pest that attacks crops and causes damage.
|
### Human: How should Nitrogen be applied for cole crops during transplanting? ### Assistant: Nitrogen should be applied in 3 splits at the time of sowing for cole crops during transplanting. The first split should be applied 30 days after transplanting, the second split at 60 days, and the third split at 90 days.
|
### Human: What should be the maximum depth of seed planting in farming? ### Assistant: The maximum depth of seed planting in farming should not exceed 3-4 cms.
|
### Human: What are some methods used to process fruits and vegetables? ### Assistant: Fruits and vegetables can be processed using methods such as low temperature treatment, thermal treatment, concentration, freezing, and irradiation.
|
### Human: How is ripe fruit usually picked? ### Assistant: When the fruit is ripe, it is almost always handpicked, using either 'selective picking', where only the ripe fruit is removed or 'strip-picking', where all of the fruit is removed from a branch all at once.
|
### Human: What is the purpose of firing/drying in tea production? ### Assistant: The purpose of firing/drying in tea production is to destroy enzymes and reduce the moisture content of fermented tea, making it suitable for sorting and packaging.
|
### Human: What kind of organizations are part of IFOAM? ### Assistant: IFOAM consists of around 600 organizational members from various types of organizations such as NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), farmers' organizations, promotional bodies, and institutions. These organizations are involved in promoting organic farming practices and sustainable agriculture around the world.
|
### Human: What do the predatory birds feed on in the cotton field? ### Assistant: In the cotton field, the predatory birds feed on the seeds of the plants. Additionally, once the birds are on the field, they prey on cotton bollworms and other insects.
|
### Human: What is mancozeb + carbendazim? ### Assistant: Mancozeb + carbendazim is a combination fungicide that is commonly used for the control of fungal diseases in agriculture. It is effective against a wide range of plant pathogens and offers protection against diseases like Leaf Blight, Banded leaf, and Sheath Blight. When used for seed protection, mancozeb + carbendazim is dissolved in water and applied as a paste onto the seeds.
|
### Human: What is the minimum sample size at the district level? ### Assistant: The minimum sample size at the district level is 24.
|
### Human: How does a Lead District Manager promote and implement government schemes and programs related to agriculture? ### Assistant: A Lead District Manager actively promotes and implements various government schemes and programs related to agriculture. They ensure that farmers are aware of these schemes and programs and guide them in the application process. LDMs facilitate the distribution of agricultural inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, provided under these schemes. They also organize training sessions and workshops to educate farmers about the benefits and utilization of government schemes. Their aim is to maximize the participation of farmers and ensure the effective implementation of these programs.
|
### Human: What type of soil is suitable for groundnut cultivation? ### Assistant: Light yellow loamy soil is required for a good groundnut crop. It should not be grown in waterlogged and clayey soil. The land with a pH of 7.5 gives good yield for its cultivation.
|
### Human: Can you provide examples of other preliminary processing operations performed on fruits and vegetables besides sorting, grading, washing, peeling, sizing, and blanching? ### Assistant: Certainly! In addition to sorting, grading, washing, peeling, sizing, and blanching, there are several other preliminary processing operations performed on fruits and vegetables. These include trimming, cutting, slicing, pitting, juicing, canning, freezing, drying, and many more, depending on the specific requirements of the produce and the desired end product. Each operation serves a unique purpose in transforming the raw produce into a form that is ready for consumption or further processing.
|
### Human: Why is partially fermented tea processed differently from fully fermented tea? ### Assistant: Partially fermented tea is processed differently from fully fermented tea to control the level of fermentation. While fully fermented tea goes through a complete fermentation process until the leaves turn completely dark, partially fermented tea is only fermented to a certain extent before the process is halted. This controlled fermentation allows partially fermented tea to retain some of the characteristics of both black and green teas, resulting in a unique flavor profile. By adjusting the fermentation process, tea producers can create teas with varying levels of oxidation, aroma, and taste.
|
### Human: What are the requirements for organic certification? ### Assistant: The requirements for organic certification include following specific farming practices that avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and antibiotics. Organic certification also involves maintaining soil health, biodiversity, and animal welfare standards.
|
### Human: What is flat small grain equivalent? ### Assistant: Flat small grain equivalent is a measurement used to quantify the amount of plant residue. It refers to a weight equivalent of flat small grains, such as wheat or barley, that would provide the same level of protection against erosion as the actual plant residue.
|
### Human: What are some other recommended varieties for growing food grains? ### Assistant: Apart from the mentioned varieties, other recommended varieties for growing food grains include UBR 2-4, UBR 2, Saket-4, Usar-1 Narendra, Paddy-349, Usar Paddy-2C, SR-0, Narendra Usardhan-2008, NDGR 2044H, and MahasuriNDGR 20.
|
### Human: How can water conservation in rice cultivation be achieved? ### Assistant: Water conservation in rice cultivation can be achieved by adopting the direct seeding method. This method involves directly sowing the rice seeds in the field instead of transplanting seedlings. It helps in reducing the water requirement as compared to traditional transplanting methods.
|
### Human: What is the term used to describe the agriculture mentioned in the text? ### Assistant: The term used to describe the agriculture mentioned in the text is 'W agriculture' or a similar description.
|
### Human: What are cryogens? ### Assistant: Cryogens are certain liquids used as refrigerants. They have extremely low temperatures and are commonly used for various applications. Examples of cryogens include Liquid Nitrogen, Liquid NO2, and Liquid Ammonia.
|
### Human: What is the purpose of the given text? ### Assistant: The purpose of the given text is not specified.
|
### Human: How much fruit does an Arabica coffee bush bear per year? ### Assistant: An Arabica coffee bush bears about 5 kg of fruit per year.
|
### Human: Which enzyme is responsible for the browning of juice? ### Assistant: The enzyme responsible for the browning of juice is Polyphenol oxidase. This enzyme is naturally present in fruits, particularly in apples. When the fruit is cut or damaged, the enzyme comes into contact with oxygen, triggering the browning reaction.
|
### Human: What is the recommended amount of seed per hectare for direct seeded rice? ### Assistant: The recommended amount of seed per hectare for direct seeded rice is 60 kg.
|
### Human: When is the sowing of black gram usually started and completed? ### Assistant: The sowing of black gram is typically started by the end of June and completed within the first fortnight of July.
|
### Human: What is the difference between fixed cost and running cost? ### Assistant: Fixed cost refers to the one-time expenditures that are necessary for setting up a business or organization. For example, in the case of a producer company, the expenses on office setup including furniture, fixtures, and equipment like computers, printers, Almirahs, and internet/telephone connections would be considered fixed costs. On the other hand, running costs refer to the expenses that occur on an ongoing basis to operate and maintain the business. These costs may include salaries, utility bills, raw material costs, etc.
|
### Human: What does the FSS (Licensing and Registration of Food Business) Regulation cover? ### Assistant: The FSS (Licensing and Registration of Food Business) Regulation covers the licensing and registration requirements for food businesses.
|
### Human: What are the guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India on Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme? ### Assistant: The Reserve Bank of India has issued guidelines on Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme from time to time. These guidelines provide instructions and regulations for the implementation and operation of the Kisan Credit Card scheme in India. They cover various aspects such as eligibility criteria, credit limit, interest rates, repayment terms, and documentation requirements.
|
### Human: What is the importance of the Camellia sinensis plant for making tea? ### Assistant: The Camellia sinensis plant is important for making tea because its leaves, buds, and tender stems contain the natural compounds that give tea its characteristic flavor. These parts of the plant are carefully processed to produce tea that is suitable for consumption.
|
### Human: What are 'natural flavours' and 'natural flavouring substances' mentioned in the text? ### Assistant: 'Natural flavours' and 'natural flavouring substances' are flavour preparations and single substances, respectively, that can be added to tea. They are obtained from plant materials through physical processes and are acceptable for human consumption. These additives can be used in packaged tea only.
|
### Human: What are the symptoms of Zinc deficiency in crops? ### Assistant: The symptoms of Zinc deficiency in crops may vary, but some common symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and reduced crop yield.
|
### Human: Which product can be used to control Mealy bugs? ### Assistant: To control Mealy bugs, a farmer can use Imidacloprid 17.8% SL.
|
### Human: What is the purpose of the 3rd and 4th stages of coffee processing? ### Assistant: The 3rd and 4th stages of coffee processing lead to progressively finer grinding.
|
### Human: How can shoot and fruit borer be controlled in brinjal and tomato crops? ### Assistant: Shoot and fruit borer in brinjal and tomato crops can be controlled by collecting and burying the infested fruits and shoots inside the soil.
|
### Human: How much nitrogen should be applied per hectare for spring and late planted cane? ### Assistant: It is advisable to apply 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare for spring and late planted cane.
|
### Human: How can farmers generate income? ### Assistant: Farmers can generate income by utilizing locally available fruits and vegetables to prepare pickles, jam, squashes, and other products. These products can be sold in the market, allowing farmers to earn money from their produce.
|
### Human: How does membrane technology help in the fruit juice industry? ### Assistant: Membrane technology plays a crucial role in the fruit juice industry. By using processes like ultrafiltration, microfiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, it helps in clarifying and concentrating the juice. Through these processes, unwanted particles, contaminants, and even certain solutes and ions can be removed, resulting in a clearer and more concentrated juice with improved quality and longer shelf life.
|
### Human: When is the Buvai time for certain varieties of foodgrains? ### Assistant: The Buvai time for varieties such as D-2733, HD 2824, PBW-343, PBW-443, UP-2338, K-0307, PBW-502, CBW-38, Raj 420, DBW-39, NW-5054, and HD-2967 is during the second fortnight of October. This is the recommended time for sowing these varieties.
|
### Human: What is the average yield of this crop? ### Assistant: The average yield of this crop is between 25-30 tons per hectare (t/ha).
|
### Human: How long does it take for the crop to reach maturity? ### Assistant: The crop reaches maturity within 230-250 days after planting.
|
### Human: What is the recommended amount of urea application for Pusa Basmati 1509 variety? ### Assistant: For Pusa Basmati 1509 variety, it is recommended to apply 135 kg/ha of urea.
|
### Human: What should I do to protect newly planted or small banana plants from high temperature? ### Assistant: To protect newly planted or small banana plants from high temperatures, it is recommended to provide them with shade. This can be done by using shade cloth, planting them in a shaded area, or using temporary structures like umbrellas or tents to create shade.
|
### Human: Can you provide some examples of flavored teas? ### Assistant: Some examples of flavored teas include chocolate-flavored tea, jasmine-flavored tea, mandarin orange peel-flavored tea, bergamot-flavored tea, cardamom-flavored tea, ginger-flavored tea, lemon-flavored tea, and mint-flavored tea.
|
### Human: What are some organic methods used to control insect pests? ### Assistant: For organic control of insect pests, farmers can apply Neem based biopesticides, use Trichogramma, and place yellow sticky traps. Additionally, conserving biocontrol agents like spiders, dragonflies, damselflies, and coccinellids can also help in pest management.
|
### Human: What is the recommended application rate for urea in lowland rice? ### Assistant: For lowland rice, the recommended application rate for urea is 220g per plot (10m2) in the nursery.
|
### Human: Why do bulky organic manures promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil? ### Assistant: Bulky organic manures provide a food source for beneficial microorganisms present in the soil. These microorganisms break down the organic matter in the manures, releasing nutrients in forms that plants can use. Additionally, the presence of organic matter creates a favorable habitat for beneficial microorganisms, which can enhance nutrient cycling, improve soil structure, and suppress the growth of harmful pathogens.
|
### Human: Has there been any decrease in credit from banks due to loans obtained from the Producer Organization (PO)? ### Assistant: One aspect to consider is whether there has been any decrease in credit from banks due to the farmers or producers obtaining loans from the Producer Organization (PO).
|
### Human: What does TAC stand for? ### Assistant: TAC stands for Technical Advisory Committee.
|
### Human: What is the field covered with? ### Assistant: The field is covered with tall, ripe crops.
|
### Human: Which types of feed are used to supplement traditional feed? ### Assistant: Perrineal Napier grass, Subabul, and Moringa leaves are used to supplement traditional feed.
|
### Human: Can Borax be used for browning control on all types of soils? ### Assistant: While Borax can be effective for browning control on neutral and alkaline soils, it may not be suitable for all types of soils. Some soil types may naturally have sufficient boron levels or have specific characteristics that make them unsuitable for Borax application. It is essential for farmers to assess their soil's boron levels and consult with agricultural experts to determine if Borax is the appropriate solution for browning control in their specific soil conditions.
|
### Human: What are the reasons for the delay in claim settlement under PMFBY? ### Assistant: There are various types of yield disputes during the first two years of implementation of PMFBY, which unnecessarily delays the claim settlement.
|
### Human: How do organic farmers control pests without using chemical pesticides? ### Assistant: Organic farmers rely on biological pest control methods to manage pests without the use of chemical pesticides. This involves the use of natural predators, such as ladybugs and spiders, which feed on pests like aphids and mites. Another approach is using beneficial insects that parasitize or prey on harmful pests, such as parasitic wasps or predatory beetles. Additionally, organic farmers may utilize crop diversification, which involves planting a variety of crops to confuse and deter pests. Physical barriers, like nets or fences, can also be used to physically exclude pests from crops. These methods help maintain a balanced ecosystem where pests are controlled naturally, minimizing the need for synthetic chemical interventions.
|
### Human: Which bioherbicides are used for weed control in rice? ### Assistant: Collego and Biopolaris are bioherbicides that are commonly used to control grass and broad-leaved weeds in rice crops.
|
### Human: What activities are covered under the investment credit requirement of farmers in the KCC scheme? ### Assistant: The investment credit requirement of farmers in the KCC scheme covers both allied (related to agriculture) and non-farm activities.
|
### Human: What is the hybridization process used to develop this variety? ### Assistant: This variety was developed through hybridization between EC 9981 and Nantes.
|
### Human: When should hand weeding be done in the ratoon cane? ### Assistant: Hand weeding should be done at 20-25 days after harvest in the ratoon cane.
|
### Human: What happens to the stomata on the lower surface of the leaf during the physical process? ### Assistant: During the physical process, the stomata on the lower surface of the leaf gradually begin to shut.
|
### Human: What are some challenges associated with solar drying techniques for fruit and vegetable preservation? ### Assistant: While solar drying techniques are often used for fruit and vegetable preservation, they can lead to poor quality and product contamination. The quality of the dried products can be negatively affected due to long drying times, exposure to environmental factors, and the potential for microbial contamination.
|
### Human: What is the role of ploughing in weed control in wetland rice cultivation? ### Assistant: Ploughing plays an important role in weed control in wetland rice cultivation. Wetland rice cultivation involves growing rice in submerged conditions, which creates a favorable environment for weed growth. Ploughing the field prior to rice cultivation helps to bury weed seeds and propagules deeper into the soil, making it more difficult for them to germinate and emerge. By reducing the weed population through ploughing, the competition for nutrients and resources is minimized, allowing the rice plants to grow more efficiently and produce higher yields.
|
### Human: What is the role of water diffusion during the first falling rate period in the drying of hygroscopic food material? ### Assistant: During the first falling rate period in the drying of hygroscopic food material, water diffusion plays a crucial role. It enables the moisture to move through the dry solids of the food and eventually diffuse to the drying air. This movement of water molecules helps in the evaporation process and reduces the moisture content of the food.
|
### Human: What happens to the brown sheets along with the Chrysoperla eggs in the old troughs? ### Assistant: From the old troughs, the brown sheets along with the Chrysoperla eggs are removed. This ensures that the eggs can be incubated or used for further studies, and the rearing troughs can be cleaned and prepared for a new batch of adult insects.
|
### Human: What are the alternative treatments for seed treatment? ### Assistant: In addition to captan, thiram, carbendazim, or mancozeb, the seed can also be treated with imidacloprid 600 FS at a rate of 5 milliliters per kilogram of seed, or thiamethoxam 70 WS at a rate of 5 grams per kilogram of seed. These alternatives provide effective control of insects that may attack the seed.
|
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 6