doc_key stringlengths 8 24 | sentences listlengths 1 1 | tokens listlengths 23 316 | text stringlengths 181 2.06k | entities listlengths 0 50 | gold_relations listlengths 0 31 | coreference_clusters listlengths 0 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECCV_2016_99_abs | [
[
"Human",
"action",
"recognition",
"from",
"well-segmented",
"3D",
"skeleton",
"data",
"has",
"been",
"intensively",
"studied",
"and",
"attracting",
"an",
"increasing",
"attention.",
"Online",
"action",
"detection",
"goes",
"on... | [
"Human",
"action",
"recognition",
"from",
"well-segmented",
"3D",
"skeleton",
"data",
"has",
"been",
"intensively",
"studied",
"and",
"attracting",
"an",
"increasing",
"attention.",
"Online",
"action",
"detection",
"goes",
"one",
"step",
"further",
"and",
"is",
"m... | Human action recognition from well-segmented 3D skeleton data has been intensively studied and attracting an increasing attention. Online action detection goes one step further and is more challenging, which identifies the action type and localizes the action positions on the fly from the untrimmed stream. In this pape... | [
{
"end": 24,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 0,
"text": "Human action recognition"
},
{
"end": 61,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 30,
"text": "well-segmented 3D skeleton data"
},
{
"end": 154,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 131,... | [
{
"head": "well-segmented 3D skeleton data",
"head_span": [
30,
61
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "Human action recognition",
"tail_span": [
0,
24
]
},
{
"head": "Online action detection",
"head_span": [
131,
154
],
"relation": ... | [
[
"Online action detection",
"online action detection"
],
[
"network",
"model",
"model",
"multi-task end-to-end Joint Classification-Regression Recurrent Neural Network"
],
[
"streaming video dataset",
"dataset"
]
] |
H01-1001 | [
[
"Oral",
"communication",
"is",
"ubiquitous",
"and",
"carries",
"important",
"information",
"yet",
"it",
"is",
"also",
"time",
"consuming",
"to",
"document.",
"Given",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"storage",
"media",
"and",
... | [
"Oral",
"communication",
"is",
"ubiquitous",
"and",
"carries",
"important",
"information",
"yet",
"it",
"is",
"also",
"time",
"consuming",
"to",
"document.",
"Given",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"storage",
"media",
"and",
"networks",
"one",
"could",
"just",
"rec... | Oral communication is ubiquitous and carries important information yet it is also time consuming to document. Given the development of storage media and networks one could just record and store a conversation for documentation. The question is, however, how an interesting information piece would be found in a l... | [
{
"end": 20,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 2,
"text": "Oral communication"
},
{
"end": 165,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 139,
"text": "storage media and networks"
},
{
"end": 214,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 202,
... | [
{
"head": "discussing",
"head_span": [
622,
632
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "activity",
"tail_span": [
605,
613
]
},
{
"head": "planning",
"head_span": [
634,
642
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "activity",
"ta... | [
[
"Oral communication",
"oral communication"
],
[
"activities",
"activities",
"activity"
]
] |
H01-1017 | [
[
"To",
"support",
"engaging",
"human",
"users",
"in",
"robust,",
"mixed-initiative",
"speech",
"dialogue",
"interactions",
"which",
"reach",
"beyond",
"current",
"capabilities",
"in",
"dialogue",
"systems",
",",
"the",
"DARPA",... | [
"To",
"support",
"engaging",
"human",
"users",
"in",
"robust,",
"mixed-initiative",
"speech",
"dialogue",
"interactions",
"which",
"reach",
"beyond",
"current",
"capabilities",
"in",
"dialogue",
"systems",
",",
"the",
"DARPA",
"Communicator",
"program",
"[1]",
"is",... | To support engaging human users in robust, mixed-initiative speech dialogue interactions which reach beyond current capabilities in dialogue systems , the DARPA Communicator program [1] is funding the development of a distributed message-passing infrastructure for dialogue systems which all Communicator pa... | [
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 45,
"text": "mixed-initiative speech dialogue interactions"
},
{
"end": 152,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 136,
"text": "dialogue systems"
},
{
"end": 268,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"s... | [
{
"head": "distributed message-passing infrastructure",
"head_span": [
226,
268
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "dialogue systems",
"tail_span": [
275,
291
]
}
] | [
[
"dialogue systems",
"dialogue systems"
]
] |
H01-1040 | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"show",
"how",
"two",
"standard",
"outputs",
"from",
"information",
"extraction",
"(IE)",
"systems",
"-",
"named",
"entity",
"annotations",
"and",
"scenario",
"templates",
"-",
"can",
"be",... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"show",
"how",
"two",
"standard",
"outputs",
"from",
"information",
"extraction",
"(IE)",
"systems",
"-",
"named",
"entity",
"annotations",
"and",
"scenario",
"templates",
"-",
"can",
"be",
"used",
"to",
"enhance",
"access",
"to",
... |
In this paper we show how two standard outputs from information extraction (IE) systems - named entity annotations and scenario templates - can be used to enhance access to text collections via a standard text browser . We describe how this information is used in a prototype system designed to support i... | [
{
"end": 49,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 42,
"text": "outputs"
},
{
"end": 91,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 56,
"text": "information extraction (IE) systems"
},
{
"end": 120,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": ... | [
{
"head": "named entity annotations",
"head_span": [
96,
120
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "outputs",
"tail_span": [
42,
49
]
},
{
"head": "scenario templates",
"head_span": [
127,
145
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail":... | [
[
"system",
"IE-enhanced text browsers",
"prototype system"
]
] |
H01-1041 | [
[
"At",
"MIT",
"Lincoln",
"Laboratory,",
"we",
"have",
"been",
"developing",
"a",
"Korean-to-English",
"machine",
"translation",
"system",
"CCLINC",
"(Common",
"Coalition",
"Language",
"System",
"at",
"Lincoln",
"Laboratory)",
"... | [
"At",
"MIT",
"Lincoln",
"Laboratory,",
"we",
"have",
"been",
"developing",
"a",
"Korean-to-English",
"machine",
"translation",
"system",
"CCLINC",
"(Common",
"Coalition",
"Language",
"System",
"at",
"Lincoln",
"Laboratory)",
".",
"The",
"CCLINC",
"Korean-to-English",
... | At MIT Lincoln Laboratory, we have been developing a Korean-to-English machine translation system CCLINC (Common Coalition Language System at Lincoln Laboratory) . The CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system consists of two core modules , language understanding and generation modules mediated by a langu... | [
{
"end": 99,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 55,
"text": "Korean-to-English machine translation system"
},
{
"end": 165,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 102,
"text": "CCLINC (Common Coalition Language System at Lincoln Laboratory)"
},
{
"end": 217,... | [
{
"head": "core modules",
"head_span": [
236,
248
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system",
"tail_span": [
174,
217
]
},
{
"head": "overt case markers",
"head_span": [
498,
516
],
"relation": "... | [
[
"system",
"CCLINC (Common Coalition Language System at Lincoln Laboratory)",
"CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system",
"system"
],
[
"core modules",
"language understanding and generation modules"
]
] |
H01-1042 | [
[
"The",
"purpose",
"of",
"this",
"research",
"is",
"to",
"test",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"applying",
"automated",
"evaluation",
"techniques",
",",
"originally",
"devised",
"for",
"the",
"evaluation",
"of",
"human",
"la... | [
"The",
"purpose",
"of",
"this",
"research",
"is",
"to",
"test",
"the",
"efficacy",
"of",
"applying",
"automated",
"evaluation",
"techniques",
",",
"originally",
"devised",
"for",
"the",
"evaluation",
"of",
"human",
"language",
"learners",
",",
"to",
"the",
"ou... | The purpose of this research is to test the efficacy of applying automated evaluation techniques , originally devised for the evaluation of human language learners , to the output of machine translation (MT) systems . We believe that these evaluation techniques will provide information about both the human ... | [
{
"end": 98,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 67,
"text": "automated evaluation techniques"
},
{
"end": 167,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 129,
"text": "evaluation of human language learners"
},
{
"end": 223,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
... | [
{
"head": "evaluation techniques",
"head_span": [
250,
271
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "human language learning process",
"tail_span": [
314,
345
]
},
{
"head": "evaluation techniques",
"head_span": [
250,
271
],
"relation": ... | [
[
"automated evaluation techniques",
"assessors",
"evaluation techniques",
"assessors"
],
[
"machine translation (MT) systems",
"machine translation systems"
]
] |
H01-1049 | [
[
"Listen-Communicate-Show",
"(LCS)",
"is",
"a",
"new",
"paradigm",
"for",
"human",
"interaction",
"with",
"data",
"sources",
".",
"We",
"integrate",
"a",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
"with",
"intelligent",
... | [
"Listen-Communicate-Show",
"(LCS)",
"is",
"a",
"new",
"paradigm",
"for",
"human",
"interaction",
"with",
"data",
"sources",
".",
"We",
"integrate",
"a",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
"with",
"intelligent",
"mobile",
"agents",
"that",
"mediate",
... | Listen-Communicate-Show (LCS) is a new paradigm for human interaction with data sources . We integrate a spoken language understanding system with intelligent mobile agents that mediate between users and information sources . We have built and will demonstrate an application of this approach called LCS-Ma... | [
{
"end": 31,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 2,
"text": "Listen-Communicate-Show (LCS)"
},
{
"end": 91,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 56,
"text": "human interaction with data sources"
},
{
"end": 147,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start... | [
{
"head": "intelligent mobile agents",
"head_span": [
155,
180
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "spoken language understanding system",
"tail_span": [
111,
147
]
},
{
"head": "Listen-Communicate-Show (LCS)",
"head_span": [
2,
31
],
... | [
[
"system",
"LCS-Marine",
"LCS-Marine"
],
[
"spoken language understanding system",
"approach"
]
] |
H01-1055 | [
[
"Recent",
"advances",
"in",
"Automatic",
"Speech",
"Recognition",
"technology",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"goal",
"of",
"naturally",
"sounding",
"dialog",
"systems",
"within",
"reach.",
"However,",
"the",
"improved",
"speech",
... | [
"Recent",
"advances",
"in",
"Automatic",
"Speech",
"Recognition",
"technology",
"have",
"put",
"the",
"goal",
"of",
"naturally",
"sounding",
"dialog",
"systems",
"within",
"reach.",
"However,",
"the",
"improved",
"speech",
"recognition",
"has",
"brought",
"to",
"l... |
Recent advances in Automatic Speech Recognition technology have put the goal of naturally sounding dialog systems within reach. However, the improved speech recognition has brought to light a new problem: as dialog systems understand more of what the user tells them, they need to be more sophisticated at r... | [
{
"end": 62,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 23,
"text": "Automatic Speech Recognition technology"
},
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 105,
"text": "dialog systems"
},
{
"end": 176,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 158,
... | [
{
"head": "Automatic Speech Recognition technology",
"head_span": [
23,
62
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "dialog systems",
"tail_span": [
105,
119
]
},
{
"head": "system response",
"head_span": [
360,
375
],
"relation": "PART-O... | [
[
"dialog systems",
"dialog systems",
"dialog systems",
"they",
"dialog systems"
]
] |
H01-1058 | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"address",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"combining",
"several",
"language",
"models",
"(LMs)",
".",
"We",
"find",
"that",
"simple",
"interpolation",
"methods",
",",
"like",
"log-linear",
"and",... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"address",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"combining",
"several",
"language",
"models",
"(LMs)",
".",
"We",
"find",
"that",
"simple",
"interpolation",
"methods",
",",
"like",
"log-linear",
"and",
"linear",
"interpolation",
",",
"improve",
... | In this paper, we address the problem of combining several language models (LMs) . We find that simple interpolation methods , like log-linear and linear interpolation , improve the performance but fall short of the performance of an oracle . The oracle knows the reference word string and selects the ... | [
{
"end": 82,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 61,
"text": "language models (LMs)"
},
{
"end": 128,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 107,
"text": "interpolation methods"
},
{
"end": 173,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 138,
"te... | [
{
"head": "log-linear and linear interpolation",
"head_span": [
138,
173
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "interpolation methods",
"tail_span": [
107,
128
]
},
{
"head": "neural network",
"head_span": [
819,
833
],
"relation": "... | [
[
"dynamic combiner",
"dynamic language model combination"
],
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"LMs",
"LM"
]
] |
H01-1070 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"a",
"practical",
"approach",
"employing",
"n-gram",
"models",
"and",
"error-correction",
"rules",
"for",
"Thai",
"key",
"prediction",
"and",
"Thai-English",
"language",
"identification",
".",
"The... | [
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"a",
"practical",
"approach",
"employing",
"n-gram",
"models",
"and",
"error-correction",
"rules",
"for",
"Thai",
"key",
"prediction",
"and",
"Thai-English",
"language",
"identification",
".",
"The",
"paper",
"also",
"proposes",
"rule-re... | This paper proposes a practical approach employing n-gram models and error-correction rules for Thai key prediction and Thai-English language identification . The paper also proposes rule-reduction algorithm applying mutual information to reduce the error-correction rules . Our algorithm reported more th... | [
{
"end": 41,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 33,
"text": "approach"
},
{
"end": 66,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 53,
"text": "n-gram models"
},
{
"end": 95,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 73,
"text": "error-correction r... | [
{
"head": "mutual information",
"head_span": [
229,
247
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "error-correction rules",
"tail_span": [
264,
286
]
},
{
"head": "n-gram models",
"head_span": [
53,
66
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail"... | [
[
"approach",
"algorithm"
]
] |
H05-1005 | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"use",
"the",
"information",
"redundancy",
"in",
"multilingual",
"input",
"to",
"correct",
"errors",
"in",
"machine",
"translation",
"and",
"thus",
"improve",
"the",
"quality",
"of",
"mult... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"use",
"the",
"information",
"redundancy",
"in",
"multilingual",
"input",
"to",
"correct",
"errors",
"in",
"machine",
"translation",
"and",
"thus",
"improve",
"the",
"quality",
"of",
"multilingual",
"summaries",
".",
"We",
"consider... | In this paper, we use the information redundancy in multilingual input to correct errors in machine translation and thus improve the quality of multilingual summaries . We consider the case of multi-document summarization , where the input documents are in Arabic , and the output summary is in English... | [
{
"end": 74,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 28,
"text": "information redundancy in multilingual input"
},
{
"end": 117,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 98,
"text": "machine translation"
},
{
"end": 174,
"id": "T3",
"label": "T... | [
{
"head": "Arabic documents",
"head_span": [
686,
702
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "machine translations",
"tail_span": [
650,
670
]
},
{
"head": "information redundancy in multilingual input",
"head_span": [
28,
74
],
"rela... | [
[
"machine translations",
"machine translation systems"
]
] |
H05-1012 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"maximum",
"entropy",
"word",
"alignment",
"algorithm",
"for",
"Arabic-English",
"based",
"on",
"supervised",
"training",
"data",
".",
"We",
"demonstrate",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"feasible",
... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"maximum",
"entropy",
"word",
"alignment",
"algorithm",
"for",
"Arabic-English",
"based",
"on",
"supervised",
"training",
"data",
".",
"We",
"demonstrate",
"that",
"it",
"is",
"feasible",
"to",
"create",
"training",
"material",
... | This paper presents a maximum entropy word alignment algorithm for Arabic-English based on supervised training data . We demonstrate that it is feasible to create training material for problems in machine translation and that a mixture of supervised and unsupervised methods yields superior performance . ... | [
{
"end": 64,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 24,
"text": "maximum entropy word alignment algorithm"
},
{
"end": 85,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 71,
"text": "Arabic-English"
},
{
"end": 121,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start"... | [
{
"head": "supervised training data",
"head_span": [
97,
121
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "maximum entropy word alignment algorithm",
"tail_span": [
24,
64
]
},
{
"head": "probabilistic model",
"head_span": [
325,
344
],
"rela... | [
[
"maximum entropy word alignment algorithm",
"algorithm"
]
] |
H05-1041 | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"practically",
"unsupervised",
"learning",
"method",
"to",
"produce",
"single-snippet",
"answers",
"to",
"definition",
"questions",
"in",
"question",
"answering",
"systems",
"that",
"supplement",
"Web",
"... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"practically",
"unsupervised",
"learning",
"method",
"to",
"produce",
"single-snippet",
"answers",
"to",
"definition",
"questions",
"in",
"question",
"answering",
"systems",
"that",
"supplement",
"Web",
"search",
"engines",
".",
"The",
"method"... |
We present a practically unsupervised learning method to produce single-snippet answers to definition questions in question answering systems that supplement Web search engines . The method exploits on-line encyclopedias and dictionaries to generate automatically an arbitrarily large number of positive and... | [
{
"end": 55,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 27,
"text": "unsupervised learning method"
},
{
"end": 91,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 69,
"text": "single-snippet answers"
},
{
"end": 149,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"s... | [
{
"head": "on-line encyclopedias and dictionaries",
"head_span": [
210,
248
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "positive and negative definition examples",
"tail_span": [
308,
349
]
},
{
"head": "positive and negative definition examples",
"head_span":... | [
[
"unsupervised learning method",
"it",
"it",
"method",
"method"
],
[
"search engine",
"Web search engines"
],
[
"system",
"question answering systems"
]
] |
H05-1064 | [
[
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"new",
"method",
"for",
"the",
"representation",
"of",
"NLP",
"structures",
"within",
"reranking",
"approaches",
".",
"We",
"make",
"use",
"of",
"a",
"conditional",
"log-linear",
"model",
",",
... | [
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"new",
"method",
"for",
"the",
"representation",
"of",
"NLP",
"structures",
"within",
"reranking",
"approaches",
".",
"We",
"make",
"use",
"of",
"a",
"conditional",
"log-linear",
"model",
",",
"with",
"hidden",
"variables",
"representing",... |
We describe a new method for the representation of NLP structures within reranking approaches . We make use of a conditional log-linear model , with hidden variables representing the assignment of lexical items to word clusters or word senses . The model learns to automatically make these assignments ba... | [
{
"end": 25,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 19,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 67,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 53,
"text": "NLP structures"
},
{
"end": 97,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 77,
"text": "rerank... | [
{
"head": "hidden variables",
"head_span": [
155,
171
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "conditional log-linear model",
"tail_span": [
118,
146
]
},
{
"head": "base parser",
"head_span": [
701,
712
],
"relation": "COMPARE",
"ta... | [
[
"method",
"model",
"model",
"model",
"techniques",
"conditional log-linear model",
"model"
]
] |
H05-1095 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"phrase-based",
"statistical",
"machine",
"translation",
"method",
",",
"based",
"on",
"non-contiguous",
"phrases",
",",
"i.e.",
"phrases",
"with",
"gaps.",
"A",
"method",
"for",
"producin... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"phrase-based",
"statistical",
"machine",
"translation",
"method",
",",
"based",
"on",
"non-contiguous",
"phrases",
",",
"i.e.",
"phrases",
"with",
"gaps.",
"A",
"method",
"for",
"producing",
"such",
"phrases",
"from",
"a",
"wor... | This paper presents a phrase-based statistical machine translation method , based on non-contiguous phrases , i.e. phrases with gaps. A method for producing such phrases from a word-aligned corpora is proposed. A statistical translation model is also presented that deals such phrases , as well as a trai... | [
{
"end": 75,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 24,
"text": "phrase-based statistical machine translation method"
},
{
"end": 111,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 89,
"text": "non-contiguous phrases"
},
{
"end": 149,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Ge... | [
{
"head": "non-contiguous phrases",
"head_span": [
89,
111
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "phrase-based statistical machine translation method",
"tail_span": [
24,
75
]
},
{
"head": "statistical translation model",
"head_span": [
225,
2... | [
[
"non-contiguous phrases",
"phrases",
"phrases"
],
[
"phrase-based statistical machine translation method",
"method",
"statistical translation model"
]
] |
H05-1101 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"investigates",
"some",
"computational",
"problems",
"associated",
"with",
"probabilistic",
"translation",
"models",
"that",
"have",
"recently",
"been",
"adopted",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
"on",
"machine",
"... | [
"This",
"paper",
"investigates",
"some",
"computational",
"problems",
"associated",
"with",
"probabilistic",
"translation",
"models",
"that",
"have",
"recently",
"been",
"adopted",
"in",
"the",
"literature",
"on",
"machine",
"translation",
".",
"These",
"models",
"c... |
This paper investigates some computational problems associated with probabilistic translation models that have recently been adopted in the literature on machine translation . These models can be viewed as pairs of probabilistic context-free grammars working in a 'synchronous' way. Two hardness results f... | [
{
"end": 55,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 33,
"text": "computational problems"
},
{
"end": 106,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 74,
"text": "probabilistic translation models"
},
{
"end": 181,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
... | [
{
"head": "computational problems",
"head_span": [
33,
55
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "probabilistic translation models",
"tail_span": [
74,
106
]
},
{
"head": "probabilistic context-free grammars",
"head_span": [
227,
262
],
... | [
[
"probabilistic translation models",
"models"
]
] |
H05-1115 | [
[
"We",
"consider",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"question-focused",
"sentence",
"retrieval",
"from",
"complex",
"news",
"articles",
"describing",
"multi-event",
"stories",
"published",
"over",
"time",
".",
"Annotators",
"generated",
... | [
"We",
"consider",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"question-focused",
"sentence",
"retrieval",
"from",
"complex",
"news",
"articles",
"describing",
"multi-event",
"stories",
"published",
"over",
"time",
".",
"Annotators",
"generated",
"a",
"list",
"of",
"questions",
"centra... |
We consider the problem of question-focused sentence retrieval from complex news articles describing multi-event stories published over time . Annotators generated a list of questions central to understanding each story in our corpus . Because of the dynamic nature of the stories , many questions are ti... | [
{
"end": 64,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 29,
"text": "question-focused sentence retrieval"
},
{
"end": 93,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 80,
"text": "news articles"
},
{
"end": 126,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 107,
... | [
{
"head": "news articles",
"head_span": [
80,
93
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "question-focused sentence retrieval",
"tail_span": [
29,
64
]
},
{
"head": "stochastic, graph-based method",
"head_span": [
503,
533
],
"relation":... | [
[
"question-focused sentence retrieval",
"sentence retrieval problem"
],
[
"method",
"stochastic, graph-based method",
"method",
"it"
],
[
"baseline",
"baseline"
]
] |
H05-1117 | [
[
"Following",
"recent",
"developments",
"in",
"the",
"automatic",
"evaluation",
"of",
"machine",
"translation",
"and",
"document",
"summarization",
",",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"similar",
"approach,",
"implemented",
"in",
"a",
... | [
"Following",
"recent",
"developments",
"in",
"the",
"automatic",
"evaluation",
"of",
"machine",
"translation",
"and",
"document",
"summarization",
",",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"similar",
"approach,",
"implemented",
"in",
"a",
"measure",
"called",
"POURPRE",
",",
"fo... | Following recent developments in the automatic evaluation of machine translation and document summarization , we present a similar approach, implemented in a measure called POURPRE , for automatically evaluating answers to definition questions . Until now, the only way to assess the correctness of answers to... | [
{
"end": 59,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 39,
"text": "automatic evaluation"
},
{
"end": 113,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 39,
"text": "automatic evaluation of machine translation and document summarization"
},
{
"end": 84,
"id": "T3",
... | [
{
"head": "automatic evaluation",
"head_span": [
39,
59
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "machine translation",
"tail_span": [
65,
84
]
},
{
"head": "automatic evaluation",
"head_span": [
39,
59
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
... | [
[
"metric",
"POURPRE",
"measure",
"POURPRE"
]
] |
H05-2007 | [
[
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"identifying",
"systematic",
"patterns",
"in",
"translation",
"data",
"using",
"part-of-speech",
"tag",
"sequences",
".",
"We",
"incorporate",
"this",
"analysis",
"into",
"a",
"diagn... | [
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"identifying",
"systematic",
"patterns",
"in",
"translation",
"data",
"using",
"part-of-speech",
"tag",
"sequences",
".",
"We",
"incorporate",
"this",
"analysis",
"into",
"a",
"diagnostic",
"tool",
"intended",
"for",
"develo... | We describe a method for identifying systematic patterns in translation data using part-of-speech tag sequences . We incorporate this analysis into a diagnostic tool intended for developers of machine translation systems , and demonstrate how our application can be used by developers to explore patterns... | [
{
"end": 21,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 15,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 80,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 38,
"text": "systematic patterns in translation data"
},
{
"end": 117,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"... | [
{
"head": "part-of-speech tag sequences",
"head_span": [
89,
117
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "method",
"tail_span": [
15,
21
]
},
{
"head": "analysis",
"head_span": [
141,
149
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "diagnostic... | [
[
"method",
"analysis"
],
[
"diagnostic tool",
"application"
]
] |
H89-1027 | [
[
"Recently,",
"we",
"initiated",
"a",
"project",
"to",
"develop",
"a",
"phonetically-based",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
"called",
"SUMMIT",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
"to",
"many",
"of",
"the",
"past",
... | [
"Recently,",
"we",
"initiated",
"a",
"project",
"to",
"develop",
"a",
"phonetically-based",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
"called",
"SUMMIT",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
"to",
"many",
"of",
"the",
"past",
"efforts",
"that",
"make",
"use",
"of",
"... |
Recently, we initiated a project to develop a phonetically-based spoken language understanding system called SUMMIT . In contrast to many of the past efforts that make use of heuristic rules whose development requires intense knowledge engineering , our approach attempts to express the speech knowledge within ... | [
{
"end": 103,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 48,
"text": "phonetically-based spoken language understanding system"
},
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 113,
"text": "SUMMIT"
},
{
"end": 195,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"... | [
{
"head": "knowledge engineering",
"head_span": [
233,
254
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "heuristic rules",
"tail_span": [
180,
195
]
},
{
"head": "speech data",
"head_span": [
495,
506
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "d... | [
[
"system",
"SUMMIT",
"approach",
"system"
]
] |
H89-2019 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"an",
"automatic,",
"essentially",
"domain-independent",
"means",
"of",
"evaluating",
"Spoken",
"Language",
"Systems",
"(SLS)",
"which",
"combines",
"software",
"we",
"have",
"developed",
"for",
"t... | [
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"an",
"automatic,",
"essentially",
"domain-independent",
"means",
"of",
"evaluating",
"Spoken",
"Language",
"Systems",
"(SLS)",
"which",
"combines",
"software",
"we",
"have",
"developed",
"for",
"that",
"purpose",
"(the",
"\"",
"Comparat... |
This paper proposes an automatic, essentially domain-independent means of evaluating Spoken Language Systems (SLS) which combines software we have developed for that purpose (the " Comparator ") and a set of specifications for answer expressions (the " Common Answer Specification ", or CAS ). The Comparator ... | [
{
"end": 116,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 48,
"text": "domain-independent means of evaluating Spoken Language Systems (SLS)"
},
{
"end": 142,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 134,
"text": "software"
},
{
"end": 196,
"id": "T3",
"label":... | [
{
"head": "Common Answer Specification",
"head_span": [
439,
466
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "syntax of answer expressions",
"tail_span": [
484,
514
]
},
{
"head": "specifications",
"head_span": [
214,
228
],
"relation": "U... | [
[
"Comparator",
"Comparator software",
"software",
"Comparator",
"Comparator"
],
[
"Common Answer Specification",
"CAS",
"CAS approach",
"specifications",
"Common Answer Specification",
"CAS"
],
[
"domain-independent means of evaluating Spoken Language Systems... |
H89-2066 | [
[
"The",
"goal",
"of",
"this",
"research",
"is",
"to",
"develop",
"a",
"spoken",
"language",
"system",
"that",
"will",
"demonstrate",
"the",
"usefulness",
"of",
"voice",
"input",
"for",
"interactive",
"problem",
"solving... | [
"The",
"goal",
"of",
"this",
"research",
"is",
"to",
"develop",
"a",
"spoken",
"language",
"system",
"that",
"will",
"demonstrate",
"the",
"usefulness",
"of",
"voice",
"input",
"for",
"interactive",
"problem",
"solving",
".",
"The",
"system",
"will",
"accept",... |
The goal of this research is to develop a spoken language system that will demonstrate the usefulness of voice input for interactive problem solving . The system will accept continuous speech , and will handle multiple speakers without explicit speaker enrollment . Combining speech recognition and natural ... | [
{
"end": 66,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 44,
"text": "spoken language system"
},
{
"end": 120,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 109,
"text": "voice input"
},
{
"end": 154,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 127,
"text": "int... | [
{
"head": "voice input",
"head_span": [
109,
120
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "interactive problem solving",
"tail_span": [
127,
154
]
},
{
"head": "natural language processing",
"head_span": [
312,
339
],
"relation": "USED-FO... | [
[
"spoken language system",
"recognition system",
"system",
"robust and high-performance speech recognition system"
],
[
"spoken language understanding",
"speech understanding"
],
[
"natural language processing",
"natural language processing"
]
] |
H90-1011 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"a",
"particular",
"approach",
"to",
"parsing",
"that",
"utilizes",
"recent",
"advances",
"in",
"unification-based",
"parsing",
"and",
"in",
"classification-based",
"knowledge",
"representation",
".",... | [
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"a",
"particular",
"approach",
"to",
"parsing",
"that",
"utilizes",
"recent",
"advances",
"in",
"unification-based",
"parsing",
"and",
"in",
"classification-based",
"knowledge",
"representation",
".",
"As",
"unification-based",
"grammatical... |
This paper describes a particular approach to parsing that utilizes recent advances in unification-based parsing and in classification-based knowledge representation . As unification-based grammatical frameworks are extended to handle richer descriptions of linguistic information , they begin to share many of ... | [
{
"end": 43,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 35,
"text": "approach"
},
{
"end": 55,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 48,
"text": "parsing"
},
{
"end": 116,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 91,
"text": "unification-based parsing"
... | [
{
"head": "classification-based representation techniques",
"head_span": [
455,
501
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "unification-based linguistic descriptions",
"tail_span": [
522,
563
]
},
{
"head": "KL-ONE style representation",
"head_span": [
... | [
[
"unification-based grammatical frameworks",
"they"
],
[
"parsing",
"parsing",
"parsing"
],
[
"KL-ONE style representation",
"KL-ONE-like knowledge representation systems"
],
[
"approach",
"system"
]
] |
H90-1016 | [
[
"We",
"describe",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"hardware",
"that",
"we",
"are",
"using",
"to",
"produce",
"a",
"real-time",
"demonstration",
"of",
"an",
"integrated",
"Spoken",
"Language",
"System",
".",
"We",
"describe",
... | [
"We",
"describe",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"hardware",
"that",
"we",
"are",
"using",
"to",
"produce",
"a",
"real-time",
"demonstration",
"of",
"an",
"integrated",
"Spoken",
"Language",
"System",
".",
"We",
"describe",
"algorithms",
"that",
"greatly",
"reduce",
... |
We describe the methods and hardware that we are using to produce a real-time demonstration of an integrated Spoken Language System . We describe algorithms that greatly reduce the computation needed to compute the N-Best sentence hypotheses . To avoid grammar coverage problems we use a fully-connected first-... | [
{
"end": 26,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 19,
"text": "methods"
},
{
"end": 39,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 31,
"text": "hardware"
},
{
"end": 135,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 102,
"text": "integrated Spoken Lan... | [
{
"head": "fully-connected first-order statistical class grammar",
"head_span": [
298,
351
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "grammar coverage problems",
"tail_span": [
261,
286
]
},
{
"head": "VME bus",
"head_span": [
561,
568
],
... | [
[
"system",
"integrated Spoken Language System"
],
[
"methods",
"algorithms",
"speech-search algorithm"
],
[
"board",
"board"
]
] |
H90-1060 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"reports",
"on",
"two",
"contributions",
"to",
"large",
"vocabulary",
"continuous",
"speech",
"recognition",
".",
"First,",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"new",
"paradigm",
"for",
"speaker-independent",
"(SI)",
"t... | [
"This",
"paper",
"reports",
"on",
"two",
"contributions",
"to",
"large",
"vocabulary",
"continuous",
"speech",
"recognition",
".",
"First,",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"new",
"paradigm",
"for",
"speaker-independent",
"(SI)",
"training",
"of",
"hidden",
"Markov",
"model... |
This paper reports on two contributions to large vocabulary continuous speech recognition . First, we present a new paradigm for speaker-independent (SI) training of hidden Markov models (HMM) , which uses a large amount of speech from a few speakers instead of the traditional practice of using a little s... | [
{
"end": 93,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 47,
"text": "large vocabulary continuous speech recognition"
},
{
"end": 200,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 135,
"text": "speaker-independent (SI) training of hidden Markov models (HMM)"
},
{
"end": 240,... | [
{
"head": "SI corpus",
"head_span": [
945,
954
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "speaker adaptation (SA)",
"tail_span": [
905,
928
]
},
{
"head": "word error rate",
"head_span": [
648,
663
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"t... | [
[
"adaptation",
"speaker adaptation (SA)"
],
[
"SI",
"SI recognition"
]
] |
H91-1010 | [
[
"The",
"following",
"describes",
"recent",
"work",
"on",
"the",
"Lincoln",
"CSR",
"system",
".",
"Some",
"new",
"variations",
"in",
"semiphone",
"modeling",
"have",
"been",
"tested.",
"A",
"very",
"simple",
"improved",... | [
"The",
"following",
"describes",
"recent",
"work",
"on",
"the",
"Lincoln",
"CSR",
"system",
".",
"Some",
"new",
"variations",
"in",
"semiphone",
"modeling",
"have",
"been",
"tested.",
"A",
"very",
"simple",
"improved",
"duration",
"model",
"has",
"reduced",
"t... |
The following describes recent work on the Lincoln CSR system . Some new variations in semiphone modeling have been tested. A very simple improved duration model has reduced the error rate by about 10% in both triphone and semiphone systems . A new training strategy has been tested which, by itself, did not ... | [
{
"end": 63,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 45,
"text": "Lincoln CSR system"
},
{
"end": 108,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 90,
"text": "semiphone modeling"
},
{
"end": 166,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 152,
"text": "d... | [
{
"head": "bigram back-off language models",
"head_span": [
488,
519
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "recognizer",
"tail_span": [
450,
460
]
},
{
"head": "duration model",
"head_span": [
152,
166
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"t... | [
[
"Lincoln CSR system",
"system"
]
] |
H91-1067 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"an",
"implemented",
"program",
"that",
"takes",
"a",
"tagged",
"text",
"corpus",
"and",
"generates",
"a",
"partial",
"list",
"of",
"the",
"subcategorization",
"frames",
"in",
"which",
"ea... | [
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"an",
"implemented",
"program",
"that",
"takes",
"a",
"tagged",
"text",
"corpus",
"and",
"generates",
"a",
"partial",
"list",
"of",
"the",
"subcategorization",
"frames",
"in",
"which",
"each",
"verb",
"occurs.",
"The",
"completeness... |
This paper describes an implemented program that takes a tagged text corpus and generates a partial list of the subcategorization frames in which each verb occurs. The completeness of the output list increases monotonically with the total occurrences of each verb in the training corpus . False positive rat... | [
{
"end": 44,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 37,
"text": "program"
},
{
"end": 77,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 59,
"text": "tagged text corpus"
},
{
"end": 140,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 116,
"text"... | [
{
"head": "tagged text corpus",
"head_span": [
59,
77
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "program",
"tail_span": [
37,
44
]
}
] | [] |
H91-1077 | [
[
"A",
"method",
"of",
"sense",
"resolution",
"is",
"proposed",
"that",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"WordNet",
",",
"an",
"on-line",
"lexical",
"database",
"that",
"incorporates",
"semantic",
"relations",
"(",
"synonymy",
",",
... | [
"A",
"method",
"of",
"sense",
"resolution",
"is",
"proposed",
"that",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"WordNet",
",",
"an",
"on-line",
"lexical",
"database",
"that",
"incorporates",
"semantic",
"relations",
"(",
"synonymy",
",",
"antonymy",
",",
"hyponymy",
",",
"meronym... |
A method of sense resolution is proposed that is based on WordNet , an on-line lexical database that incorporates semantic relations ( synonymy , antonymy , hyponymy , meronymy , causal and troponymic entailment ) as labeled pointers between word senses . With WordNet , it is easy to retrieve sets of s... | [
{
"end": 9,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 3,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 30,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 14,
"text": "sense resolution"
},
{
"end": 69,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 62,
"text": "WordNet"
},
{
... | [
{
"head": "WordNet",
"head_span": [
277,
284
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "semantically related words",
"tail_span": [
319,
345
]
},
{
"head": "sense resolution",
"head_span": [
382,
398
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": ... | [
[
"WordNet",
"WordNet",
"WordNet"
]
] |
H92-1003 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"a",
"recently",
"collected",
"spoken",
"language",
"corpus",
"for",
"the",
"ATIS",
"(Air",
"Travel",
"Information",
"System)",
"domain",
".",
"This",
"data",
"collection",
"effort",
"has",
... | [
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"a",
"recently",
"collected",
"spoken",
"language",
"corpus",
"for",
"the",
"ATIS",
"(Air",
"Travel",
"Information",
"System)",
"domain",
".",
"This",
"data",
"collection",
"effort",
"has",
"been",
"co-ordinated",
"by",
"MADCOW",
"(... |
This paper describes a recently collected spoken language corpus for the ATIS (Air Travel Information System) domain . This data collection effort has been co-ordinated by MADCOW (Multi-site ATIS Data COllection Working group) . We summarize the motivation for this effort, the goals, the implementation of a m... | [
{
"end": 68,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 46,
"text": "spoken language corpus"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 79,
"text": "ATIS (Air Travel Information System) domain"
},
{
"end": 146,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
... | [
{
"head": "spoken language corpus",
"head_span": [
46,
68
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "ATIS (Air Travel Information System) domain",
"tail_span": [
79,
122
]
},
{
"head": "spontaneous speech",
"head_span": [
469,
487
],
"rela... | [
[
"spoken language corpus",
"data collection",
"collection"
]
] |
H92-1010 | [
[
"The",
"paper",
"provides",
"an",
"overview",
"of",
"the",
"research",
"conducted",
"at",
"LIMSI",
"in",
"the",
"field",
"of",
"speech",
"processing",
",",
"but",
"also",
"in",
"the",
"related",
"areas",
"of",
... | [
"The",
"paper",
"provides",
"an",
"overview",
"of",
"the",
"research",
"conducted",
"at",
"LIMSI",
"in",
"the",
"field",
"of",
"speech",
"processing",
",",
"but",
"also",
"in",
"the",
"related",
"areas",
"of",
"Human-Machine",
"Communication",
",",
"including"... |
The paper provides an overview of the research conducted at LIMSI in the field of speech processing , but also in the related areas of Human-Machine Communication , including Natural Language Processing , Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication . Also presented are the commercial applications of some of th... | [
{
"end": 105,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 88,
"text": "speech processing"
},
{
"end": 170,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 143,
"text": "Human-Machine Communication"
},
{
"end": 212,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 185,
"text"... | [
{
"head": "speech processing",
"head_span": [
88,
105
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "Human-Machine Communication",
"tail_span": [
143,
170
]
},
{
"head": "Natural Language Processing",
"head_span": [
185,
212
],
"relation": ... | [] |
H92-1017 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"three",
"relatively",
"domain-independent",
"capabilities",
"recently",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"Paramax",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
":",
"non-monotonic",
"reasoning",
",",
"impl... | [
"This",
"paper",
"describes",
"three",
"relatively",
"domain-independent",
"capabilities",
"recently",
"added",
"to",
"the",
"Paramax",
"spoken",
"language",
"understanding",
"system",
":",
"non-monotonic",
"reasoning",
",",
"implicit",
"reference",
"resolution",
",",
... |
This paper describes three relatively domain-independent capabilities recently added to the Paramax spoken language understanding system : non-monotonic reasoning , implicit reference resolution , and database query paraphrase . In addition, we discuss the results of the February 1992 ATIS benchmark tests... | [
{
"end": 73,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 42,
"text": "domain-independent capabilities"
},
{
"end": 142,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 98,
"text": "Paramax spoken language understanding system"
},
{
"end": 170,
"id": "T3",
"label": "T... | [
{
"head": "domain-independent capabilities",
"head_span": [
42,
73
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "Paramax spoken language understanding system",
"tail_span": [
98,
142
]
},
{
"head": "non-monotonic reasoning",
"head_span": [
147,
170
... | [] |
H92-1026 | [
[
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"generative",
"probabilistic",
"model",
"of",
"natural",
"language",
",",
"which",
"we",
"call",
"HBG",
",",
"that",
"takes",
"advantage",
"of",
"detailed",
"linguistic",
"information",
"to",
"re... | [
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"generative",
"probabilistic",
"model",
"of",
"natural",
"language",
",",
"which",
"we",
"call",
"HBG",
",",
"that",
"takes",
"advantage",
"of",
"detailed",
"linguistic",
"information",
"to",
"resolve",
"ambiguity",
".",
"HBG",
"incorporat... |
We describe a generative probabilistic model of natural language , which we call HBG , that takes advantage of detailed linguistic information to resolve ambiguity . HBG incorporates lexical, syntactic, semantic, and structural information from the parse tree into the disambiguation process in a nov... | [
{
"end": 68,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 18,
"text": "generative probabilistic model of natural language"
},
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 87,
"text": "HBG"
},
{
"end": 150,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
... | [
{
"head": "linguistic information",
"head_span": [
128,
150
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "ambiguity",
"tail_span": [
164,
173
]
},
{
"head": "lexical, syntactic, semantic, and structural information",
"head_span": [
198,
254
],
... | [
[
"generative probabilistic model of natural language",
"HBG",
"HBG model",
"HBG"
],
[
"Treebank",
"corpus of bracketed sentences"
],
[
"P-CFG",
"P-CFG"
]
] |
H92-1036 | [
[
"We",
"discuss",
"maximum",
"a",
"posteriori",
"estimation",
"of",
"continuous",
"density",
"hidden",
"Markov",
"models",
"(CDHMM)",
".",
"The",
"classical",
"MLE",
"reestimation",
"algorithms",
",",
"namely",
"the",
"forw... | [
"We",
"discuss",
"maximum",
"a",
"posteriori",
"estimation",
"of",
"continuous",
"density",
"hidden",
"Markov",
"models",
"(CDHMM)",
".",
"The",
"classical",
"MLE",
"reestimation",
"algorithms",
",",
"namely",
"the",
"forward-backward",
"algorithm",
"and",
"the",
... |
We discuss maximum a posteriori estimation of continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMM) . The classical MLE reestimation algorithms , namely the forward-backward algorithm and the segmental k-means algorithm , are expanded and reestimation formulas are given for HMM with Gaussian mixture observati... | [
{
"end": 46,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 15,
"text": "maximum a posteriori estimation"
},
{
"end": 99,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 52,
"text": "continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMM)"
},
{
"end": 145,
"id": "T3",
"label": "... | [
{
"head": "reestimation formulas",
"head_span": [
247,
268
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "HMM with Gaussian mixture observation densities",
"tail_span": [
285,
332
]
},
{
"head": "forward-backward algorithm",
"head_span": [
161,
187
... | [
[
"applications",
"speech recognition applications"
],
[
"maximum a posteriori estimation",
"MAP estimation approach"
]
] |
H92-1045 | [
[
"It",
"is",
"well-known",
"that",
"there",
"are",
"polysemous",
"words",
"like",
"sentence",
"whose",
"meaning",
"or",
"sense",
"depends",
"on",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"use.",
"We",
"have",
"recently",
"reported",
... | [
"It",
"is",
"well-known",
"that",
"there",
"are",
"polysemous",
"words",
"like",
"sentence",
"whose",
"meaning",
"or",
"sense",
"depends",
"on",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"use.",
"We",
"have",
"recently",
"reported",
"on",
"two",
"new",
"word-sense",
"disambigua... |
It is well-known that there are polysemous words like sentence whose meaning or sense depends on the context of use. We have recently reported on two new word-sense disambiguation systems , one trained on bilingual material (the Canadian Hansards ) and the other trained on monolingual material ( Rog... | [
{
"end": 52,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 36,
"text": "polysemous words"
},
{
"end": 199,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 166,
"text": "word-sense disambiguation systems"
},
{
"end": 206,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
... | [
{
"head": "one",
"head_span": [
203,
206
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "word-sense disambiguation systems",
"tail_span": [
166,
199
]
},
{
"head": "other",
"head_span": [
274,
279
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "wor... | [
[
"bilingual material",
"Canadian Hansards"
],
[
"word-sense disambiguation algorithm",
"word-sense disambiguation systems"
]
] |
H93-1076 | [
[
"Two",
"themes",
"have",
"evolved",
"in",
"speech",
"and",
"text",
"image",
"processing",
"work",
"at",
"Xerox",
"PARC",
"that",
"expand",
"and",
"redefine",
"the",
"role",
"of",
"recognition",
"technology",
"in",
... | [
"Two",
"themes",
"have",
"evolved",
"in",
"speech",
"and",
"text",
"image",
"processing",
"work",
"at",
"Xerox",
"PARC",
"that",
"expand",
"and",
"redefine",
"the",
"role",
"of",
"recognition",
"technology",
"in",
"document-oriented",
"applications",
".",
"One",... |
Two themes have evolved in speech and text image processing work at Xerox PARC that expand and redefine the role of recognition technology in document-oriented applications . One is the development of systems that provide functionality similar to that of text processors but operate directly on audio and scan... | [
{
"end": 11,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 5,
"text": "themes"
},
{
"end": 61,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 29,
"text": "speech and text image processing"
},
{
"end": 144,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 122,
"text": "re... | [
{
"head": "recognition technology",
"head_span": [
122,
144
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "document-oriented applications",
"tail_span": [
150,
180
]
},
{
"head": "documents with signal content",
"head_span": [
467,
496
],
"rel... | [
[
"One",
"systems"
],
[
"themes",
"themes"
]
] |
H94-1064 | [
[
"A",
"major",
"axis",
"of",
"research",
"at",
"LIMSI",
"is",
"directed",
"at",
"multilingual,",
"speaker-independent,",
"large",
"vocabulary",
"speech",
"dictation",
".",
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"the",
"LIMSI",
"recognizer"... | [
"A",
"major",
"axis",
"of",
"research",
"at",
"LIMSI",
"is",
"directed",
"at",
"multilingual,",
"speaker-independent,",
"large",
"vocabulary",
"speech",
"dictation",
".",
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"the",
"LIMSI",
"recognizer",
"which",
"was",
"evaluated",
"in",
"th... |
A major axis of research at LIMSI is directed at multilingual, speaker-independent, large vocabulary speech dictation . In this paper the LIMSI recognizer which was evaluated in the ARPA NOV93 CSR test is described, and experimental results on the WSJ and BREF corpora under closely matched conditions are report... | [
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 51,
"text": "multilingual, speaker-independent, large vocabulary speech dictation"
},
{
"end": 157,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 141,
"text": "LIMSI recognizer"
},
{
"end": 206,
"id": "T3",
"la... | [
{
"head": "continuous density HMM",
"head_span": [
470,
492
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "Gaussian mixture",
"tail_span": [
500,
516
]
},
{
"head": "n-gram statistics",
"head_span": [
547,
564
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
... | [
[
"recognizer",
"LIMSI recognizer",
"recognizer"
],
[
"acoustic modeling",
"Acoustic modeling"
]
] |
H94-1102 | [
[
"The",
"major",
"objective",
"of",
"this",
"program",
"is",
"to",
"develop",
"and",
"demonstrate",
"robust,",
"high",
"performance",
"continuous",
"speech",
"recognition",
"(CSR)",
"techniques",
"focussed",
"on",
"application"... | [
"The",
"major",
"objective",
"of",
"this",
"program",
"is",
"to",
"develop",
"and",
"demonstrate",
"robust,",
"high",
"performance",
"continuous",
"speech",
"recognition",
"(CSR)",
"techniques",
"focussed",
"on",
"application",
"in",
"Spoken",
"Language",
"Systems",... |
The major objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate robust, high performance continuous speech recognition (CSR) techniques focussed on application in Spoken Language Systems (SLS) which will enhance the effectiveness of military and civilian computer-based systems . A key complementary objective is... | [
{
"end": 139,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 93,
"text": "continuous speech recognition (CSR) techniques"
},
{
"end": 198,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 169,
"text": "Spoken Language Systems (SLS)"
},
{
"end": 285,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Ta... | [
{
"head": "continuous speech recognition (CSR) techniques",
"head_span": [
93,
139
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "Spoken Language Systems (SLS)",
"tail_span": [
169,
198
]
},
{
"head": "spoken language technology",
"head_span": [
454,
... | [
[
"military and civilian computer-based systems",
"military and civilian systems"
],
[
"Spoken Language Systems (SLS)",
"spoken language technology"
],
[
"continuous speech recognition (CSR) techniques",
"CSR"
]
] |
I05-2013 | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"tool",
",",
"called",
"ILIMP",
",",
"which",
"takes",
"as",
"input",
"a",
"raw",
"text",
"in",
"French",
"and",
"produces",
"as",
"output",
"the",
"same",
"text",
"in",
"which",
"ever... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"tool",
",",
"called",
"ILIMP",
",",
"which",
"takes",
"as",
"input",
"a",
"raw",
"text",
"in",
"French",
"and",
"produces",
"as",
"output",
"the",
"same",
"text",
"in",
"which",
"every",
"occurrence",
"of",
"the",
"pronoun",
"il",
... |
We present a tool , called ILIMP , which takes as input a raw text in French and produces as output the same text in which every occurrence of the pronoun il is tagged either with tag [ANA] for anaphoric or [IMP] for impersonal or expletive . This tool is therefore designed to distinguish between ... | [
{
"end": 19,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 15,
"text": "tool"
},
{
"end": 35,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 30,
"text": "ILIMP"
},
{
"end": 82,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 62,
"text": "raw text in French"
},
... | [
{
"head": "precision rate",
"head_span": [
544,
558
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "ILIMP",
"tail_span": [
565,
570
]
},
{
"head": "method",
"head_span": [
648,
654
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "tasks",
"tail_s... | [
[
"tool",
"ILIMP",
"ILIMP",
"ILIMP",
"tool",
"ILIMP"
]
] |
I05-2014 | [
[
"Automatic",
"evaluation",
"metrics",
"for",
"Machine",
"Translation",
"(MT)",
"systems",
",",
"such",
"as",
"BLEU",
"or",
"NIST",
",",
"are",
"now",
"well",
"established.",
"Yet,",
"they",
"are",
"scarcely",
"used",
... | [
"Automatic",
"evaluation",
"metrics",
"for",
"Machine",
"Translation",
"(MT)",
"systems",
",",
"such",
"as",
"BLEU",
"or",
"NIST",
",",
"are",
"now",
"well",
"established.",
"Yet,",
"they",
"are",
"scarcely",
"used",
"for",
"the",
"assessment",
"of",
"language... |
Automatic evaluation metrics for Machine Translation (MT) systems , such as BLEU or NIST , are now well established. Yet, they are scarcely used for the assessment of language pairs like English-Chinese or English-Japanese , because of the word segmentation problem . This study establishes the equiva... | [
{
"end": 32,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 3,
"text": "Automatic evaluation metrics"
},
{
"end": 71,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 39,
"text": "Machine Translation (MT) systems"
},
{
"end": 88,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Metric",
"start":... | [
{
"head": "BLEU",
"head_span": [
355,
359
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "word n-grams",
"tail_span": [
365,
377
]
},
{
"head": "BLEU",
"head_span": [
84,
88
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "NIST",
"tail_span": [
... | [
[
"BLEU",
"BLEU",
"it",
"BLEU"
],
[
"word segmentation problem",
"word segmentation problem"
],
[
"Automatic evaluation metrics",
"they"
]
] |
I05-2021 | [
[
"We",
"present",
"the",
"first",
"known",
"empirical",
"test",
"of",
"an",
"increasingly",
"common",
"speculative",
"claim,",
"by",
"evaluating",
"a",
"representative",
"Chinese-to-English",
"SMT",
"model",
"directly",
"on",
... | [
"We",
"present",
"the",
"first",
"known",
"empirical",
"test",
"of",
"an",
"increasingly",
"common",
"speculative",
"claim,",
"by",
"evaluating",
"a",
"representative",
"Chinese-to-English",
"SMT",
"model",
"directly",
"on",
"word",
"sense",
"disambiguation",
"perfo... | We present the first known empirical test of an increasingly common speculative claim, by evaluating a representative Chinese-to-English SMT model directly on word sense disambiguation performance , using standard WSD evaluation methodology and datasets from the Senseval-3 Chinese lexical sample task . Muc... | [
{
"end": 150,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 122,
"text": "Chinese-to-English SMT model"
},
{
"end": 190,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 165,
"text": "word sense disambiguation"
},
{
"end": 248,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 2... | [
{
"head": "word sense disambiguation",
"head_span": [
165,
190
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "Chinese-to-English SMT model",
"tail_span": [
122,
150
]
},
{
"head": "BLEU scores",
"head_span": [
528,
539
],
"relation": "EVAL... | [
[
"SMT models",
"SMT models",
"SMT models",
"SMT",
"SMT models"
],
[
"dedicated WSD models",
"dedicated WSD models",
"dedicated WSD models",
"WSD models",
"dedicated word sense disambiguation (WSD) models"
]
] |
I05-2043 | [
[
"Using",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
",",
"we",
"carried",
"out",
"a",
"trend",
"survey",
"on",
"Japanese",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
"studies",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"done",
"over",
"the",
"last"... | [
"Using",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
",",
"we",
"carried",
"out",
"a",
"trend",
"survey",
"on",
"Japanese",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
"studies",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"done",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"ten",
"years.",
"We",
"determined",
"th... |
Using natural language processing , we carried out a trend survey on Japanese natural language processing studies that have been done over the last ten years. We determined the changes in the number of papers published for each research organization and on each research area as well as the relationship between rese... | [
{
"end": 35,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 8,
"text": "natural language processing"
},
{
"end": 67,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 55,
"text": "trend survey"
},
{
"end": 116,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 55,
"text": "trend... | [
{
"head": "NLP",
"head_span": [
487,
490
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "trend surveys",
"tail_span": [
466,
479
]
},
{
"head": "natural language processing",
"head_span": [
8,
35
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "trend su... | [
[
"trend survey",
"trend surveys"
],
[
"natural language processing",
"NLP"
],
[
"Japanese natural language processing studies",
"Japanese NLP"
]
] |
I05-2044 | [
[
"In",
"the",
"Chinese",
"language",
",",
"a",
"verb",
"may",
"have",
"its",
"dependents",
"on",
"its",
"left,",
"right",
"or",
"on",
"both",
"sides.",
"The",
"ambiguity",
"resolution",
"of",
"right-side",
"dependen... | [
"In",
"the",
"Chinese",
"language",
",",
"a",
"verb",
"may",
"have",
"its",
"dependents",
"on",
"its",
"left,",
"right",
"or",
"on",
"both",
"sides.",
"The",
"ambiguity",
"resolution",
"of",
"right-side",
"dependencies",
"is",
"essential",
"for",
"dependency",... |
In the Chinese language , a verb may have its dependents on its left, right or on both sides. The ambiguity resolution of right-side dependencies is essential for dependency parsing of sentences with two or more verbs . Previous works on shift-reduce dependency parsers may not guarantee the connectivi... | [
{
"end": 25,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 9,
"text": "Chinese language"
},
{
"end": 154,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 105,
"text": "ambiguity resolution of right-side dependencies"
},
{
"end": 192,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"... | [
{
"head": "SVM learning",
"head_span": [
488,
500
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "two-phase shift-reduce dependency parser",
"tail_span": [
436,
476
]
},
{
"head": "Chine language",
"head_span": [
763,
777
],
"relation": "EVALUA... | [
[
"shift-reduce dependency parsers",
"shift-reduce dependency parsers"
],
[
"method",
"two-phase shift-reduce dependency parser"
],
[
"Chinese language",
"Chine language"
]
] |
I05-2048 | [
[
"Statistical",
"machine",
"translation",
"(SMT)",
"is",
"currently",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"spots",
"in",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"years",
"dramatic",
"improvements",
... | [
"Statistical",
"machine",
"translation",
"(SMT)",
"is",
"currently",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"hot",
"spots",
"in",
"natural",
"language",
"processing",
".",
"Over",
"the",
"last",
"few",
"years",
"dramatic",
"improvements",
"have",
"been",
"made,",
"and",
"a",
"nu... | Statistical machine translation (SMT) is currently one of the hot spots in natural language processing . Over the last few years dramatic improvements have been made, and a number of comparative evaluations have shown, that SMT gives competitive results to rule-based translation systems , requiring significant... | [
{
"end": 39,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 2,
"text": "Statistical machine translation (SMT)"
},
{
"end": 106,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 79,
"text": "natural language processing"
},
{
"end": 233,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"st... | [
{
"head": "SMT",
"head_span": [
230,
233
],
"relation": "COMPARE",
"tail": "rule-based translation systems",
"tail_span": [
265,
295
]
},
{
"head": "Statistical machine translation (SMT)",
"head_span": [
2,
39
],
"relation": "HYPONY... | [
[
"Statistical machine translation (SMT)",
"SMT",
"SMT",
"statistical machine translation",
"SMT system"
],
[
"translation system",
"translation systems"
],
[
"STTK",
"STTK",
"It",
"tool kit"
]
] |
I05-3022 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"word",
"segmentation",
"system",
"in",
"France",
"Telecom",
"R&D",
"Beijing,",
"which",
"uses",
"a",
"unified",
"approach",
"to",
"word",
"breaking",
"and",
"OOV",
"identification",
"... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"a",
"word",
"segmentation",
"system",
"in",
"France",
"Telecom",
"R&D",
"Beijing,",
"which",
"uses",
"a",
"unified",
"approach",
"to",
"word",
"breaking",
"and",
"OOV",
"identification",
".",
"The",
"output",
"can",
"be",
"customi... |
This paper presents a word segmentation system in France Telecom R&D Beijing, which uses a unified approach to word breaking and OOV identification . The output can be customized to meet different segmentation standards through the application of an ordered list of transformation. The system participated in... | [
{
"end": 48,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 24,
"text": "word segmentation system"
},
{
"end": 110,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 102,
"text": "approach"
},
{
"end": 128,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 115,
"text": "word ... | [
{
"head": "approach",
"head_span": [
102,
110
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "word segmentation system",
"tail_span": [
24,
48
]
},
{
"head": "word breaking",
"head_span": [
115,
128
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "OO... | [
[
"word segmentation system",
"system",
"system"
],
[
"MSR- closed",
"MSR-close"
],
[
"PK-open",
"PK-open"
],
[
"MSR-open",
"MSR-open"
]
] |
I05-4008 | [
[
"Taiwan",
"Child",
"Language",
"Corpus",
"contains",
"scripts",
"transcribed",
"from",
"about",
"330",
"hours",
"of",
"recordings",
"of",
"fourteen",
"young",
"children",
"from",
"Southern",
"Min",
"Chinese",
"speaking",
"... | [
"Taiwan",
"Child",
"Language",
"Corpus",
"contains",
"scripts",
"transcribed",
"from",
"about",
"330",
"hours",
"of",
"recordings",
"of",
"fourteen",
"young",
"children",
"from",
"Southern",
"Min",
"Chinese",
"speaking",
"families",
"in",
"Taiwan.",
"The",
"format... |
Taiwan Child Language Corpus contains scripts transcribed from about 330 hours of recordings of fourteen young children from Southern Min Chinese speaking families in Taiwan. The format of the corpus adopts the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) . The size of the corpus is about 1.6 million wo... | [
{
"end": 30,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 2,
"text": "Taiwan Child Language Corpus"
},
{
"end": 209,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 203,
"text": "corpus"
},
{
"end": 268,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 223,
"text":... | [
{
"head": "Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES)",
"head_span": [
223,
268
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "corpus",
"tail_span": [
203,
209
]
},
{
"head": "part-of-speech annotation",
"head_span": [
415,
440
],
"relati... | [
[
"Taiwan Child Language Corpus",
"corpus",
"corpus",
"corpus",
"corpus"
]
] |
I05-4010 | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"present",
"our",
"recent",
"work",
"on",
"harvesting",
"English-Chinese",
"bitexts",
"of",
"the",
"laws",
"of",
"Hong",
"Kong",
"from",
"the",
"Web",
"and",
"aligning",
"them",
"to",
... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"present",
"our",
"recent",
"work",
"on",
"harvesting",
"English-Chinese",
"bitexts",
"of",
"the",
"laws",
"of",
"Hong",
"Kong",
"from",
"the",
"Web",
"and",
"aligning",
"them",
"to",
"the",
"subparagraph",
"level",
"via",
"utili... | In this paper we present our recent work on harvesting English-Chinese bitexts of the laws of Hong Kong from the Web and aligning them to the subparagraph level via utilizing the numbering system in the legal text hierarchy . Basic methodology and practical techniques are reported in detail. The resultant b... | [
{
"end": 80,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 57,
"text": "English-Chinese bitexts"
},
{
"end": 139,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 135,
"text": "them"
},
{
"end": 203,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 187,
"text": "number... | [
{
"head": "It",
"head_span": [
503,
505
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "empirical MT research",
"tail_span": [
535,
556
]
}
] | [
[
"English-Chinese bitexts",
"them",
"English-Chinese bitexts"
],
[
"bilingual corpus",
"It"
]
] |
I05-5003 | [
[
"The",
"task",
"of",
"machine",
"translation",
"(MT)",
"evaluation",
"is",
"closely",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"task",
"of",
"sentence-level",
"semantic",
"equivalence",
"classification",
".",
"This",
"paper",
"investigates",
... | [
"The",
"task",
"of",
"machine",
"translation",
"(MT)",
"evaluation",
"is",
"closely",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"task",
"of",
"sentence-level",
"semantic",
"equivalence",
"classification",
".",
"This",
"paper",
"investigates",
"the",
"utility",
"of",
"applying",
"st... | The task of machine translation (MT) evaluation is closely related to the task of sentence-level semantic equivalence classification . This paper investigates the utility of applying standard MT evaluation methods (BLEU, NIST, WER and PER) to building classifiers to predict semantic equivalence and entailme... | [
{
"end": 49,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 14,
"text": "machine translation (MT) evaluation"
},
{
"end": 136,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 86,
"text": "sentence-level semantic equivalence classification"
},
{
"end": 219,
"id": "T3",
"label... | [
{
"head": "machine translation (MT) evaluation",
"head_span": [
14,
49
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "sentence-level semantic equivalence classification",
"tail_span": [
86,
136
]
},
{
"head": "PER",
"head_span": [
386,
389
],
... | [
[
"classification method",
"technique",
"classifiers"
],
[
"PER",
"PER"
],
[
"MT evaluation techniques",
"MT evaluation methods"
],
[
"paraphrase classification",
"paraphrase classification"
]
] |
I05-5004 | [
[
"Towards",
"deep",
"analysis",
"of",
"compositional",
"classes",
"of",
"paraphrases",
",",
"we",
"have",
"examined",
"a",
"class-oriented",
"framework",
"for",
"collecting",
"paraphrase",
"examples",
",",
"in",
"which",
"s... | [
"Towards",
"deep",
"analysis",
"of",
"compositional",
"classes",
"of",
"paraphrases",
",",
"we",
"have",
"examined",
"a",
"class-oriented",
"framework",
"for",
"collecting",
"paraphrase",
"examples",
",",
"in",
"which",
"sentential",
"paraphrases",
"are",
"collected... |
Towards deep analysis of compositional classes of paraphrases , we have examined a class-oriented framework for collecting paraphrase examples , in which sentential paraphrases are collected for each paraphrase class separately by means of automatic candidate generation and manual judgement . Our preliminar... | [
{
"end": 63,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 27,
"text": "compositional classes of paraphrases"
},
{
"end": 110,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 86,
"text": "class-oriented framework"
},
{
"end": 147,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"sta... | [
{
"head": "class-oriented framework",
"head_span": [
86,
110
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "paraphrase examples",
"tail_span": [
128,
147
]
},
{
"head": "automatic candidate generation",
"head_span": [
250,
280
],
"relation": "... | [
[
"paraphrase examples",
"sentential paraphrases"
]
] |
I05-5008 | [
[
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"method",
"that",
"automatically",
"generates",
"paraphrase",
"sets",
"from",
"seed",
"sentences",
"to",
"be",
"used",
"as",
"reference",
"sets",
"in",
"objective",
"machine",
"translation",
"evaluati... | [
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"method",
"that",
"automatically",
"generates",
"paraphrase",
"sets",
"from",
"seed",
"sentences",
"to",
"be",
"used",
"as",
"reference",
"sets",
"in",
"objective",
"machine",
"translation",
"evaluation",
"measures",
"like",
"BLEU",
"and",
... | We propose a method that automatically generates paraphrase sets from seed sentences to be used as reference sets in objective machine translation evaluation measures like BLEU and NIST . We measured the quality of the paraphrases produced in an experiment, i.e., (i) their grammaticality : at least 99%... | [
{
"end": 20,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 14,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 61,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 51,
"text": "paraphrase"
},
{
"end": 174,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 135,
"text": "machine ... | [
{
"head": "method",
"head_span": [
14,
20
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "paraphrase",
"tail_span": [
51,
61
]
},
{
"head": "BLEU",
"head_span": [
182,
186
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "machine translation evaluation... | [
[
"method",
"method"
]
] |
I05-5009 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"evaluation",
"method",
"employing",
"a",
"latent",
"variable",
"model",
"for",
"paraphrases",
"with",
"their",
"contexts",
".",
"We",
"assume",
"that",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"a",
... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"evaluation",
"method",
"employing",
"a",
"latent",
"variable",
"model",
"for",
"paraphrases",
"with",
"their",
"contexts",
".",
"We",
"assume",
"that",
"the",
"context",
"of",
"a",
"sentence",
"is",
"indicated",
"by",
"a",
... |
This paper presents an evaluation method employing a latent variable model for paraphrases with their contexts . We assume that the context of a sentence is indicated by a latent variable of the model as a topic and that the likelihood of each variable can be inferred. A paraphrase is evaluated ... | [
{
"end": 42,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 25,
"text": "evaluation method"
},
{
"end": 78,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 57,
"text": "latent variable model"
},
{
"end": 96,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 85,
... | [
{
"head": "latent variable model",
"head_span": [
57,
78
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "evaluation method",
"tail_span": [
25,
42
]
},
{
"head": "evaluation method",
"head_span": [
25,
42
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tai... | [
[
"latent variable model",
"model"
],
[
"evaluation method",
"method",
"method"
]
] |
I05-6010 | [
[
"This",
"article",
"is",
"devoted",
"to",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"quantifying",
"noun",
"groups",
"in",
"German",
".",
"After",
"a",
"thorough",
"description",
"of",
"the",
"phenomena,",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"c... | [
"This",
"article",
"is",
"devoted",
"to",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"quantifying",
"noun",
"groups",
"in",
"German",
".",
"After",
"a",
"thorough",
"description",
"of",
"the",
"phenomena,",
"the",
"results",
"of",
"corpus-based",
"investigations",
"are",
"describe... |
This article is devoted to the problem of quantifying noun groups in German . After a thorough description of the phenomena, the results of corpus-based investigations are described. Moreover, some examples are given that underline the necessity of integrating some kind of information other than grammar sensu st... | [
{
"end": 79,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 44,
"text": "quantifying noun groups in German"
},
{
"end": 79,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 73,
"text": "German"
},
{
"end": 325,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 30... | [
{
"head": "treebank",
"head_span": [
585,
593
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "theoretical linguistic investigations",
"tail_span": [
636,
673
]
},
{
"head": "tree-bank",
"head_span": [
504,
513
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"ta... | [
[
"treebank",
"treebank",
"treebank",
"tree-bank",
"tree-bank"
]
] |
I05-6011 | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"an",
"annotating",
"scheme",
"that",
"encodes",
"honorifics",
"(respectful",
"words).",
"Honorifics",
"are",
"used",
"extensively",
"in",
"Japanese",
",",
"reflecting",
"the",
"social",
"relations... | [
"This",
"paper",
"proposes",
"an",
"annotating",
"scheme",
"that",
"encodes",
"honorifics",
"(respectful",
"words).",
"Honorifics",
"are",
"used",
"extensively",
"in",
"Japanese",
",",
"reflecting",
"the",
"social",
"relationship",
"(e.g.",
"social",
"ranks",
"and",... | This paper proposes an annotating scheme that encodes honorifics (respectful words). Honorifics are used extensively in Japanese , reflecting the social relationship (e.g. social ranks and age) of the referents . This referential information is vital for resolving zero pronouns and improving machine tra... | [
{
"end": 42,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 25,
"text": "annotating scheme"
},
{
"end": 68,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 58,
"text": "honorifics"
},
{
"end": 87,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 71,
"text":... | [
{
"head": "annotating scheme",
"head_span": [
25,
42
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "honorifics",
"tail_span": [
58,
68
]
},
{
"head": "honorifics",
"head_span": [
58,
68
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "respectful word... | [
[
"honorifics",
"honorifics",
"Honorifics",
"honorifics"
],
[
"ranks",
"ranks"
]
] |
I08-1027 | [
[
"Automatic",
"estimation",
"of",
"word",
"significance",
"oriented",
"for",
"speech-based",
"Information",
"Retrieval",
"(IR)",
"is",
"addressed.",
"Since",
"the",
"significance",
"of",
"words",
"differs",
"in",
"IR",
",",
... | [
"Automatic",
"estimation",
"of",
"word",
"significance",
"oriented",
"for",
"speech-based",
"Information",
"Retrieval",
"(IR)",
"is",
"addressed.",
"Since",
"the",
"significance",
"of",
"words",
"differs",
"in",
"IR",
",",
"automatic",
"speech",
"recognition",
"(ASR... |
Automatic estimation of word significance oriented for speech-based Information Retrieval (IR) is addressed. Since the significance of words differs in IR , automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance has been evaluated based on weighted word error rate (WWER) , which gives a weight on errors from t... | [
{
"end": 45,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 2,
"text": "Automatic estimation of word significance"
},
{
"end": 45,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 28,
"text": "word significance"
},
{
"end": 100,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
... | [
{
"head": "Minimum Bayes-Risk framework",
"head_span": [
470,
498
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "decoding strategy",
"tail_span": [
417,
434
]
},
{
"head": "ASR",
"head_span": [
553,
556
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail"... | [
[
"word significance (weights)",
"word significance",
"significance"
],
[
"IR",
"IR",
"IR",
"IR system",
"IR",
"IR"
],
[
"automatic estimation method",
"method",
"method"
],
[
"ASR",
"ASR",
"automatic speech recognition (ASR)"
],
[
"WWE... |
I08-1043 | [
[
"This",
"study",
"presents",
"a",
"method",
"to",
"automatically",
"acquire",
"paraphrases",
"using",
"bilingual",
"corpora",
",",
"which",
"utilizes",
"the",
"bilingual",
"dependency",
"relations",
"obtained",
"by",
"projecti... | [
"This",
"study",
"presents",
"a",
"method",
"to",
"automatically",
"acquire",
"paraphrases",
"using",
"bilingual",
"corpora",
",",
"which",
"utilizes",
"the",
"bilingual",
"dependency",
"relations",
"obtained",
"by",
"projecting",
"a",
"monolingual",
"dependency",
"... |
This study presents a method to automatically acquire paraphrases using bilingual corpora , which utilizes the bilingual dependency relations obtained by projecting a monolingual dependency parse onto the other language sentence based on statistical alignment techniques . Since the paraphrasing method is cap... | [
{
"end": 67,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 24,
"text": "method to automatically acquire paraphrases"
},
{
"end": 93,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 76,
"text": "bilingual corpora"
},
{
"end": 146,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificT... | [
{
"head": "bilingual corpora",
"head_span": [
76,
93
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "method to automatically acquire paraphrases",
"tail_span": [
24,
67
]
},
{
"head": "statistical alignment techniques",
"head_span": [
247,
279
],
... | [
[
"method to automatically acquire paraphrases",
"paraphrasing method",
"paraphrasing method"
],
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"parallel corpora of a Korean and English language pairs",
"bilingual corpora",
"bilingual corpora"
],
[
"paraphrases",
"paraphrases"
]
] |
ICASSP_1997_706_abs | [
[
"Utterance",
"Verification",
"(UV)",
"is",
"a",
"critical",
"function",
"of",
"an",
"Automatic",
"Speech",
"Recognition",
"(ASR)",
"System",
"working",
"on",
"real",
"applications",
"where",
"spontaneous",
"speech,",
"out-of-v... | [
"Utterance",
"Verification",
"(UV)",
"is",
"a",
"critical",
"function",
"of",
"an",
"Automatic",
"Speech",
"Recognition",
"(ASR)",
"System",
"working",
"on",
"real",
"applications",
"where",
"spontaneous",
"speech,",
"out-of-vocabulary",
"(OOV)",
"words",
"and",
"ac... | Utterance Verification (UV) is a critical function of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) System working on real applications where spontaneous speech, out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and acoustic noises are present. In this paper we present a new UV procedure with two major features: a) Confidence tests are applied to... | [
{
"end": 27,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 0,
"text": "Utterance Verification (UV)"
},
{
"end": 98,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 57,
"text": "Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) System"
},
{
"end": 152,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScient... | [
{
"head": "Utterance Verification (UV)",
"head_span": [
0,
27
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) System",
"tail_span": [
57,
98
]
},
{
"head": "Confidence tests",
"head_span": [
289,
305
],
"rel... | [
[
"Utterance Verification (UV)",
"UV procedure",
"UV procedure"
],
[
"ASR system",
"Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) System"
]
] |
ICASSP_1997_707_abs | [
[
"Nonstationary",
"chaotic",
"behavior",
"is",
"not",
"an",
"oxymoron.",
"We",
"present",
"two",
"methods",
"for",
"capturing",
"nonstationary",
"chaos,",
"then",
"present",
"a",
"few",
"examples",
"including",
"biological",
... | [
"Nonstationary",
"chaotic",
"behavior",
"is",
"not",
"an",
"oxymoron.",
"We",
"present",
"two",
"methods",
"for",
"capturing",
"nonstationary",
"chaos,",
"then",
"present",
"a",
"few",
"examples",
"including",
"biological",
"signals,",
"ocean",
"waves",
"and",
"tr... | Nonstationary chaotic behavior is not an oxymoron. We present two methods for capturing nonstationary chaos, then present a few examples including biological signals, ocean waves and traffic flow. The issue is of practical interest because it is often useful to capture when nonstationary events take place and it is des... | [
{
"end": 30,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 0,
"text": "Nonstationary chaotic behavior"
},
{
"end": 49,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 41,
"text": "oxymoron"
},
{
"end": 73,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
"s... | [
{
"head": "methods",
"head_span": [
66,
73
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "nonstationary chaos",
"tail_span": [
88,
107
]
},
{
"head": "biological signals",
"head_span": [
147,
165
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "examp... | [] |
ICASSP_1997_714_abs | [
[
"LPC",
"based",
"speech",
"coders",
"operating",
"at",
"bit",
"rates",
"below",
"3.0",
"kbits/sec",
"are",
"usually",
"associated",
"with",
"buzzy",
"or",
"metallic",
"artefacts",
"in",
"the",
"synthetic",
"speech.",
"... | [
"LPC",
"based",
"speech",
"coders",
"operating",
"at",
"bit",
"rates",
"below",
"3.0",
"kbits/sec",
"are",
"usually",
"associated",
"with",
"buzzy",
"or",
"metallic",
"artefacts",
"in",
"the",
"synthetic",
"speech.",
"These",
"are",
"mainly",
"attributable",
"to... | LPC based speech coders operating at bit rates below 3.0 kbits/sec are usually associated with buzzy or metallic artefacts in the synthetic speech. These are mainly attributable to the simplifying assumptions made about the excitation source, which are usually required to maintain such low bit rates. In this paper a ne... | [
{
"end": 23,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 0,
"text": "LPC based speech coders"
},
{
"end": 46,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 37,
"text": "bit rates"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start":... | [
{
"head": "bit rates",
"head_span": [
37,
46
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "LPC based speech coders",
"tail_span": [
0,
23
]
},
{
"head": "buzzy or metallic artefacts",
"head_span": [
95,
122
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
... | [
[
"coder",
"coder",
"LPC vocoder"
]
] |
ICASSP_2011_587_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"propose",
"a",
"novel",
"algorithm",
"to",
"detect/compensate",
"on-line",
"interference",
"effects",
"when",
"integrating",
"Global",
"Navigation",
"Satellite",
"System",
"(GNSS)",
"and",
"Inert... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"propose",
"a",
"novel",
"algorithm",
"to",
"detect/compensate",
"on-line",
"interference",
"effects",
"when",
"integrating",
"Global",
"Navigation",
"Satellite",
"System",
"(GNSS)",
"and",
"Inertial",
"Navigation",
"System",
"(INS).",
... | In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to detect/compensate on-line interference effects when integrating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS). The GNSS/INS coupling is usually performed by an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which yields an accurate and robust localization. H... | [
{
"end": 43,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 34,
"text": "algorithm"
},
{
"end": 93,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 65,
"text": "on-line interference effects"
},
{
"end": 152,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 111,
"text": "Glob... | [
{
"head": "algorithm",
"head_span": [
34,
43
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "on-line interference effects",
"tail_span": [
65,
93
]
},
{
"head": "Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)",
"head_span": [
111,
152
],
"relation":... | [
[
"least square estimate",
"estimation"
],
[
"algorithm",
"Bayesian test",
"approach"
]
] |
ICASSP_2011_588_abs | [
[
"In",
"a",
"motorized",
"vehicle",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"easily",
"measurable",
"signals",
"with",
"frequency",
"components",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"rotational",
"speed",
"of",
"the",
"engine",
"can",
"be",
"found,",... | [
"In",
"a",
"motorized",
"vehicle",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"easily",
"measurable",
"signals",
"with",
"frequency",
"components",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"rotational",
"speed",
"of",
"the",
"engine",
"can",
"be",
"found,",
"e.g.,",
"vibrations,",
"electrical",
"syst... | In a motorized vehicle a number of easily measurable signals with frequency components related to the rotational speed of the engine can be found, e.g., vibrations, electrical system voltage level, and ambient sound. These signals could potentially be used to estimate the speed and related states of the vehicle. Unfort... | [
{
"end": 60,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Material",
"start": 42,
"text": "measurable signals"
},
{
"end": 86,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 66,
"text": "frequency components"
},
{
"end": 132,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 102... | [
{
"head": "frequency components",
"head_span": [
66,
86
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "measurable signals",
"tail_span": [
42,
60
]
},
{
"head": "vibrations",
"head_span": [
153,
163
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "me... | [
[
"measurable signals",
"signals"
],
[
"estimator",
"estimation method"
]
] |
ICASSP_2011_598_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"evaluate",
"four",
"objective",
"measures",
"of",
"speech",
"with",
"regards",
"to",
"intelligibility",
"prediction",
"of",
"synthesized",
"speech",
"in",
"diverse",
"noisy",
"situations.",
"W... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"evaluate",
"four",
"objective",
"measures",
"of",
"speech",
"with",
"regards",
"to",
"intelligibility",
"prediction",
"of",
"synthesized",
"speech",
"in",
"diverse",
"noisy",
"situations.",
"We",
"evaluated",
"three",
"intel-ligibility"... | In this paper we evaluate four objective measures of speech with regards to intelligibility prediction of synthesized speech in diverse noisy situations. We evaluated three intel-ligibility measures, the Dau measure, the glimpse proportion and the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) and a quality measure , the Perceptua... | [
{
"end": 59,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 41,
"text": "measures of speech"
},
{
"end": 102,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 76,
"text": "intelligibility prediction"
},
{
"end": 124,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 106,
"t... | [
{
"head": "Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ)",
"head_span": [
311,
357
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "quality measure",
"tail_span": [
289,
304
]
},
{
"head": "Dau measure",
"head_span": [
204,
215
],
"relation":... | [
[
"measures of speech",
"measures",
"measures"
],
[
"Dau",
"Dau measure"
],
[
"glimpse measures",
"Glimpse measure",
"glimpse proportion"
],
[
"intelligibility prediction",
"predictions of intelligibility",
"intelligibility predictions"
]
] |
ICASSP_2016_11_abs | [
[
"The",
"problem",
"of",
"blind",
"separation",
"of",
"underdetermined",
"instantaneous",
"mixtures",
"of",
"independent",
"signals",
"is",
"addressed",
"through",
"a",
"method",
"relying",
"on",
"nonstationarity",
"of",
"the",... | [
"The",
"problem",
"of",
"blind",
"separation",
"of",
"underdetermined",
"instantaneous",
"mixtures",
"of",
"independent",
"signals",
"is",
"addressed",
"through",
"a",
"method",
"relying",
"on",
"nonstationarity",
"of",
"the",
"original",
"signals.",
"The",
"signals... | The problem of blind separation of underdetermined instantaneous mixtures of independent signals is addressed through a method relying on nonstationarity of the original signals. The signals are assumed to be piecewise stationary with varying variances in different epochs. In comparison with previous works, in this pap... | [
{
"end": 96,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 15,
"text": "blind separation of underdetermined instantaneous mixtures of independent signals"
},
{
"end": 126,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 120,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 153,
"id": "T3",
... | [
{
"head": "nonstationarity",
"head_span": [
138,
153
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "method",
"tail_span": [
120,
126
]
},
{
"head": "method",
"head_span": [
120,
126
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "blind separation of u... | [
[
"original signals",
"signals",
"signals"
],
[
"assumed model",
"first-order autoregressive model",
"model"
],
[
"separation method",
"method"
]
] |
ICASSP_2016_14_abs | [
[
"For",
"mobile",
"speech",
"application,",
"speaker",
"DOA",
"estimation",
"accuracy,",
"interference",
"robustness",
"and",
"compact",
"physical",
"size",
"are",
"three",
"key",
"factors.",
"Considering",
"the",
"size,",
"we"... | [
"For",
"mobile",
"speech",
"application,",
"speaker",
"DOA",
"estimation",
"accuracy,",
"interference",
"robustness",
"and",
"compact",
"physical",
"size",
"are",
"three",
"key",
"factors.",
"Considering",
"the",
"size,",
"we",
"utilized",
"acoustic",
"vector",
"sen... | For mobile speech application, speaker DOA estimation accuracy, interference robustness and compact physical size are three key factors. Considering the size, we utilized acoustic vector sensor (AVS) and proposed a DOA estimation algorithm previously [1], offering high accuracy with larger-than-15dB SNR but is deterior... | [
{
"end": 29,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 4,
"text": "mobile speech application"
},
{
"end": 62,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 31,
"text": "speaker DOA estimation accuracy"
},
{
"end": 87,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 64,
... | [
{
"head": "speaker DOA estimation accuracy",
"head_span": [
31,
62
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "mobile speech application",
"tail_span": [
4,
29
]
},
{
"head": "interference robustness",
"head_span": [
64,
87
],
"relation":... | [
[
"algorithm",
"DOA estimation algorithm",
"robust speaker DOA estimation algorithm",
"It"
],
[
"AVS",
"acoustic vector sensor (AVS)"
],
[
"NSI",
"NSI",
"NSI conditions",
"non-speech interferences (NSI)"
],
[
"bispectrum domain (BISDR)",
"BISDR"
]
] |
ICASSP_2016_3_abs | [
[
"Speech-based",
"depression",
"detection",
"has",
"gained",
"importance",
"in",
"recent",
"years,",
"but",
"most",
"research",
"has",
"used",
"relatively",
"quiet",
"conditions",
"or",
"examined",
"a",
"single",
"corpus",
... | [
"Speech-based",
"depression",
"detection",
"has",
"gained",
"importance",
"in",
"recent",
"years,",
"but",
"most",
"research",
"has",
"used",
"relatively",
"quiet",
"conditions",
"or",
"examined",
"a",
"single",
"corpus",
"per",
"study.",
"Little",
"is",
"thus",
... | Speech-based depression detection has gained importance in recent years, but most research has used relatively quiet conditions or examined a single corpus per study. Little is thus known about the robustness of speech cues in the wild. This study compares the effect of noise and reverberation on depression prediction ... | [
{
"end": 33,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 0,
"text": "Speech-based depression detection"
},
{
"end": 208,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 198,
"text": "robustness"
},
{
"end": 223,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 2... | [
{
"head": "speech cues",
"head_span": [
212,
223
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "robustness",
"tail_span": [
198,
208
]
},
{
"head": "noise",
"head_span": [
271,
276
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "reverberation",
... | [
[
"damped oscillator cepstral coefficients (DOCCs)",
"DOCC features",
"DOCCs",
"features"
],
[
"MFCC features",
"MFCCs",
"mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs)"
]
] |
ICASSP_2016_4_abs | [
[
"High",
"frequency",
"oscillations",
"(HFOs)",
"are",
"a",
"promising",
"biomarker",
"of",
"epileptic",
"brain",
"tissue",
"and",
"activity.",
"HFOs",
"additionally",
"serve",
"as",
"a",
"prototypical",
"example",
"of",
"c... | [
"High",
"frequency",
"oscillations",
"(HFOs)",
"are",
"a",
"promising",
"biomarker",
"of",
"epileptic",
"brain",
"tissue",
"and",
"activity.",
"HFOs",
"additionally",
"serve",
"as",
"a",
"prototypical",
"example",
"of",
"challenges",
"in",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",... | High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a promising biomarker of epileptic brain tissue and activity. HFOs additionally serve as a prototypical example of challenges in the analysis of discrete events in high-temporal resolution, intracranial EEG data. Two primary challenges are 1) dimensionality reduction, and 2) asses... | [
{
"end": 34,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 0,
"text": "High frequency oscillations (HFOs)"
},
{
"end": 99,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 64,
"text": "epileptic brain tissue and activity"
},
{
"end": 105,
"id": "T3"... | [
{
"head": "high-temporal resolution, intracranial EEG data",
"head_span": [
203,
250
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "analysis of discrete events",
"tail_span": [
172,
199
]
},
{
"head": "those",
"head_span": [
878,
883
],
"relat... | [
[
"High frequency oscillations (HFOs)",
"HFOs",
"HFOs"
],
[
"dimensionality reduction",
"Dimensionality reduction"
]
] |
ICCV_1999_47_abs | [
[
"Background",
"maintenance",
"is",
"a",
"frequent",
"element",
"of",
"video",
"surveillance",
"systems.",
"We",
"develop",
"Wallflower,",
"a",
"three-component",
"system",
"for",
"background",
"maintenance:",
"the",
"pixel-level",... | [
"Background",
"maintenance",
"is",
"a",
"frequent",
"element",
"of",
"video",
"surveillance",
"systems.",
"We",
"develop",
"Wallflower,",
"a",
"three-component",
"system",
"for",
"background",
"maintenance:",
"the",
"pixel-level",
"component",
"performs",
"Wiener",
"f... | Background maintenance is a frequent element of video surveillance systems. We develop Wallflower, a three-component system for background maintenance: the pixel-level component performs Wiener filtering to make probabilistic predictions of the expected background; the region-level component fills in homogeneous region... | [
{
"end": 22,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 0,
"text": "Background maintenance"
},
{
"end": 74,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 48,
"text": "video surveillance systems"
},
{
"end": 97,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 87,
"text"... | [
{
"head": "Background maintenance",
"head_span": [
0,
22
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "video surveillance systems",
"tail_span": [
48,
74
]
},
{
"head": "three-component system",
"head_span": [
101,
123
],
"relation": "USED-FOR... | [
[
"Background maintenance",
"background maintenance",
"background maintenance"
],
[
"system",
"Wallflower",
"Wallflower",
"three-component system"
],
[
"background subtraction algorithms",
"algorithms"
]
] |
ICCV_2001_47_abs | [
[
"We",
"propose",
"to",
"incorporate",
"a",
"priori",
"geometric",
"constraints",
"in",
"a",
"3–D",
"stereo",
"reconstruction",
"scheme",
"to",
"cope",
"with",
"the",
"many",
"cases",
"where",
"image",
"information",
"a... | [
"We",
"propose",
"to",
"incorporate",
"a",
"priori",
"geometric",
"constraints",
"in",
"a",
"3–D",
"stereo",
"reconstruction",
"scheme",
"to",
"cope",
"with",
"the",
"many",
"cases",
"where",
"image",
"information",
"alone",
"is",
"not",
"sufficient",
"to",
"a... | We propose to incorporate a priori geometric constraints in a 3–D stereo reconstruction scheme to cope with the many cases where image information alone is not sufficient to accurately recover 3–D shape. Our approach is based on the iterative deformation of a 3–D surface mesh to minimize an objective function. We show ... | [
{
"end": 56,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 28,
"text": "priori geometric constraints"
},
{
"end": 94,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 62,
"text": "3–D stereo reconstruction scheme"
},
{
"end": 146,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Other... | [
{
"head": "image information",
"head_span": [
129,
146
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "3–D shape",
"tail_span": [
193,
202
]
},
{
"head": "iterative deformation of a 3–D surface mesh",
"head_span": [
233,
276
],
"relation": "USE... | [
[
"reconstruction",
"reconstruction",
"3–D reconstruction"
],
[
"Structural or numerical constraints",
"They",
"them"
]
] |
ICCV_2001_50_abs | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"new",
"model-based",
"bundle",
"adjustment",
"algorithm",
"to",
"recover",
"the",
"3D",
"model",
"of",
"a",
"scene/object",
"from",
"a",
"sequence",
"of",
"images",
"with",
"unknown",
"motions.",... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"new",
"model-based",
"bundle",
"adjustment",
"algorithm",
"to",
"recover",
"the",
"3D",
"model",
"of",
"a",
"scene/object",
"from",
"a",
"sequence",
"of",
"images",
"with",
"unknown",
"motions.",
"Instead",
"of",
"representing",
"scene/obj... | We present a new model-based bundle adjustment algorithm to recover the 3D model of a scene/object from a sequence of images with unknown motions. Instead of representing scene/object by a collection of isolated 3D features (usually points), our algorithm uses a surface controlled by a small set of parameters. Compared... | [
{
"end": 56,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 17,
"text": "model-based bundle adjustment algorithm"
},
{
"end": 80,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 72,
"text": "3D model"
},
{
"end": 124,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 118,
... | [
{
"head": "unknown motions",
"head_span": [
130,
145
],
"relation": "PART-OF",
"tail": "images",
"tail_span": [
118,
124
]
},
{
"head": "images",
"head_span": [
118,
124
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "3D model",
"tail_s... | [
[
"model-based bundle adjustment algorithm",
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"approach"
],
[
"model space",
"it"
],
[
"ones",
"model-based approaches"
]
] |
ICCV_2003_150_abs | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"single-image",
"highlight",
"removal",
"method",
"that",
"incorporates",
"illumination-based",
"constraints",
"into",
"image",
"in-painting.",
"Unlike",
"occluded",
"image",
"regions",
"filled",
"by",
"tradi... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"single-image",
"highlight",
"removal",
"method",
"that",
"incorporates",
"illumination-based",
"constraints",
"into",
"image",
"in-painting.",
"Unlike",
"occluded",
"image",
"regions",
"filled",
"by",
"traditional",
"inpainting,",
"highlight",
"pi... | We present a single-image highlight removal method that incorporates illumination-based constraints into image in-painting. Unlike occluded image regions filled by traditional inpainting, highlight pixels contain some useful information for guiding the inpainting process. Constraints provided by observed pixel colors, ... | [
{
"end": 50,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 13,
"text": "single-image highlight removal method"
},
{
"end": 99,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 69,
"text": "illumination-based constraints"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T3",
"label":... | [
{
"head": "single-image highlight removal method",
"head_span": [
13,
50
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "image in-painting",
"tail_span": [
105,
122
]
},
{
"head": "highlight color analysis",
"head_span": [
320,
344
],
"relation... | [
[
"inpainting",
"image in-painting",
"inpainting process"
],
[
"illumination constraints",
"Constraints"
],
[
"single-image highlight removal method",
"method",
"method"
]
] |
ICCV_2003_151_abs | [
[
"A",
"new",
"algorithm",
"is",
"proposed",
"for",
"novel",
"view",
"generation",
"in",
"one-to-one",
"teleconferencing",
"applications.",
"Given",
"the",
"video",
"streams",
"acquired",
"by",
"two",
"cameras",
"placed",
"o... | [
"A",
"new",
"algorithm",
"is",
"proposed",
"for",
"novel",
"view",
"generation",
"in",
"one-to-one",
"teleconferencing",
"applications.",
"Given",
"the",
"video",
"streams",
"acquired",
"by",
"two",
"cameras",
"placed",
"on",
"either",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"comput... | A new algorithm is proposed for novel view generation in one-to-one teleconferencing applications. Given the video streams acquired by two cameras placed on either side of a computer monitor , the proposed algorithm synthesises images from a virtual camera in arbitrary position (typically located within the monitor) to... | [
{
"end": 15,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 6,
"text": "algorithm"
},
{
"end": 53,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 32,
"text": "novel view generation"
},
{
"end": 97,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 57,
"text": "one-to-one tel... | [
{
"head": "cameras",
"head_span": [
139,
146
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "video streams",
"tail_span": [
109,
122
]
},
{
"head": "virtual camera",
"head_span": [
242,
256
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "images",
"... | [
[
"algorithm",
"technique",
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"algorithm"
],
[
"novel-view generation",
"novel view generation"
]
] |
ICCV_2003_158_abs | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"algorithm",
"for",
"computing",
"optical",
"flow,",
"shape,",
"motion,",
"lighting,",
"and",
"albedo",
"from",
"an",
"image",
"sequence",
"of",
"a",
"rigidly-moving",
"Lambertian",
"obje... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"algorithm",
"for",
"computing",
"optical",
"flow,",
"shape,",
"motion,",
"lighting,",
"and",
"albedo",
"from",
"an",
"image",
"sequence",
"of",
"a",
"rigidly-moving",
"Lambertian",
"object",
"under",
"distant",
"illumination.",
... | This paper presents an algorithm for computing optical flow, shape, motion, lighting, and albedo from an image sequence of a rigidly-moving Lambertian object under distant illumination. The problem is formulated in a manner that subsumes structure from motion, multi-view stereo, and photo-metric stereo as special cases... | [
{
"end": 32,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 23,
"text": "algorithm"
},
{
"end": 96,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 37,
"text": "computing optical flow, shape, motion, lighting, and albedo"
},
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
... | [
{
"head": "rigidly-moving Lambertian object",
"head_span": [
125,
157
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "image sequence",
"tail_span": [
105,
119
]
},
{
"head": "distant illumination",
"head_span": [
164,
184
],
"relation": "FEAT... | [
[
"computing optical flow, shape, motion, lighting, and albedo",
"problem"
],
[
"spatial and temporal intensity variation",
"cues",
"cues"
],
[
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"algorithm"
]
] |
ICCV_2003_161_abs | [
[
"The",
"perception",
"of",
"transparent",
"objects",
"from",
"images",
"is",
"known",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"very",
"hard",
"problem",
"in",
"vision.",
"Given",
"a",
"single",
"image,",
"it",
"is",
"difficult",
"to",
... | [
"The",
"perception",
"of",
"transparent",
"objects",
"from",
"images",
"is",
"known",
"to",
"be",
"a",
"very",
"hard",
"problem",
"in",
"vision.",
"Given",
"a",
"single",
"image,",
"it",
"is",
"difficult",
"to",
"even",
"detect",
"the",
"presence",
"of",
"... | The perception of transparent objects from images is known to be a very hard problem in vision. Given a single image, it is difficult to even detect the presence of transparent objects in the scene. In this paper, we explore what can be said about transparent objects by a moving observer. We show how features that are ... | [
{
"end": 37,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 4,
"text": "perception of transparent objects"
},
{
"end": 49,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 43,
"text": "images"
},
{
"end": 184,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 165,
... | [
{
"head": "images",
"head_span": [
43,
49
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "perception of transparent objects",
"tail_span": [
4,
37
]
},
{
"head": "those",
"head_span": [
380,
385
],
"relation": "COMPARE",
"tail": "features",... | [
[
"objects",
"they"
],
[
"algorithm",
"it",
"model-based approach"
]
] |
ICCV_2005_47_abs | [
[
"Face",
"images",
"of",
"non-frontal",
"views",
"under",
"poor",
"illumination",
"with",
"low",
"resolution",
"reduce",
"dramatically",
"face",
"recognition",
"accuracy.",
"This",
"is",
"evident",
"most",
"compellingly",
"by",... | [
"Face",
"images",
"of",
"non-frontal",
"views",
"under",
"poor",
"illumination",
"with",
"low",
"resolution",
"reduce",
"dramatically",
"face",
"recognition",
"accuracy.",
"This",
"is",
"evident",
"most",
"compellingly",
"by",
"the",
"very",
"low",
"recognition",
... | Face images of non-frontal views under poor illumination with low resolution reduce dramatically face recognition accuracy. This is evident most compellingly by the very low recognition rate of all existing face recognition systems when applied to live CCTV camera input. In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework t... | [
{
"end": 32,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 0,
"text": "Face images of non-frontal views"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 97,
"text": "face recognition accuracy"
},
{
"end": 190,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 1... | [
{
"head": "recognition rate",
"head_span": [
174,
190
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "face recognition systems",
"tail_span": [
207,
231
]
},
{
"head": "live CCTV camera input",
"head_span": [
248,
270
],
"relation": "USED-F... | [
[
"recognition",
"face recognition",
"recognition",
"recognition"
],
[
"super-resolution",
"face image super-resolution"
]
] |
ICCV_2005_50_abs | [
[
"Current",
"approaches",
"to",
"object",
"category",
"recognition",
"require",
"datasets",
"of",
"training",
"images",
"to",
"be",
"manually",
"prepared,",
"with",
"varying",
"degrees",
"of",
"supervision.",
"We",
"present",
... | [
"Current",
"approaches",
"to",
"object",
"category",
"recognition",
"require",
"datasets",
"of",
"training",
"images",
"to",
"be",
"manually",
"prepared,",
"with",
"varying",
"degrees",
"of",
"supervision.",
"We",
"present",
"an",
"approach",
"that",
"can",
"learn... | Current approaches to object category recognition require datasets of training images to be manually prepared, with varying degrees of supervision. We present an approach that can learn an object category from just its name, by utilizing the raw output of image search engines available on the Internet. We develop a new... | [
{
"end": 18,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 8,
"text": "approaches"
},
{
"end": 49,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 22,
"text": "object category recognition"
},
{
"end": 66,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 58,
"text": "data... | [
{
"head": "approaches",
"head_span": [
8,
18
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "object category recognition",
"tail_span": [
22,
49
]
},
{
"head": "approach",
"head_span": [
162,
170
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "object c... | [
[
"approach",
"models",
"approach",
"model",
"TSI-pLSA"
],
[
"search engines",
"image search engines"
]
] |
ICCV_2009_47_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"work,",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"technique",
"for",
"robust",
"estimation",
",",
"which",
"by",
"explicitly",
"incorporating",
"the",
"inherent",
"uncertainty",
"of",
"the",
"estimation",
"procedure,",
"result... | [
"In",
"this",
"work,",
"we",
"present",
"a",
"technique",
"for",
"robust",
"estimation",
",",
"which",
"by",
"explicitly",
"incorporating",
"the",
"inherent",
"uncertainty",
"of",
"the",
"estimation",
"procedure,",
"results",
"in",
"a",
"more",
"efficient",
"rob... | In this work, we present a technique for robust estimation , which by explicitly incorporating the inherent uncertainty of the estimation procedure, results in a more efficient robust estimation algorithm. In addition, we build on recent work in randomized model verification, and use this to characterize the 'non-rando... | [
{
"end": 36,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 27,
"text": "technique"
},
{
"end": 58,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 41,
"text": "robust estimation"
},
{
"end": 147,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 99,
"text": "i... | [
{
"head": "technique",
"head_span": [
27,
36
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "robust estimation",
"tail_span": [
41,
58
]
},
{
"head": "inherent uncertainty of the estimation procedure",
"head_span": [
99,
147
],
"relation": "USE... | [
[
"randomized model verification",
"this"
],
[
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"efficient robust estimation algorithm",
"robust estimation procedure"
],
[
"RANSAC",
"RANSAC techniques"
]
] |
ICCV_2011_47_abs | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"detecting",
"3D",
"objects",
"using",
"multi-modalities.",
"While",
"it",
"is",
"generic,",
"we",
"demonstrate",
"it",
"on",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"an",
"image",
"and",
... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"detecting",
"3D",
"objects",
"using",
"multi-modalities.",
"While",
"it",
"is",
"generic,",
"we",
"demonstrate",
"it",
"on",
"the",
"combination",
"of",
"an",
"image",
"and",
"a",
"dense",
"depth",
"map",
"which",
"giv... | We present a method for detecting 3D objects using multi-modalities. While it is generic, we demonstrate it on the combination of an image and a dense depth map which give complementary object information. It works in real-time, under heavy clutter, does not require a time consuming training stage, and can handle untex... | [
{
"end": 19,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 13,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 44,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 24,
"text": "detecting 3D objects"
},
{
"end": 67,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 51,
"text": "mu... | [
{
"head": "method",
"head_span": [
13,
19
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "detecting 3D objects",
"tail_span": [
24,
44
]
},
{
"head": "multi-modalities",
"head_span": [
51,
67
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "method",
... | [
[
"method",
"it"
],
[
"It",
"approach",
"it",
"It"
]
] |
ICCV_2011_50_abs | [
[
"In",
"the",
"security",
"domain",
"a",
"key",
"problem",
"is",
"identifying",
"rare",
"behaviours",
"of",
"interest.",
"Training",
"examples",
"for",
"these",
"behaviours",
"may",
"or",
"may",
"not",
"exist,",
"and",
... | [
"In",
"the",
"security",
"domain",
"a",
"key",
"problem",
"is",
"identifying",
"rare",
"behaviours",
"of",
"interest.",
"Training",
"examples",
"for",
"these",
"behaviours",
"may",
"or",
"may",
"not",
"exist,",
"and",
"if",
"they",
"do",
"exist",
"there",
"w... | In the security domain a key problem is identifying rare behaviours of interest. Training examples for these behaviours may or may not exist, and if they do exist there will be few examples, quite probably one. We present a novel weakly supervised algorithm that can detect behaviours that either have never before been ... | [
{
"end": 22,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 7,
"text": "security domain"
},
{
"end": 79,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 40,
"text": "identifying rare behaviours of interest"
},
{
"end": 79,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"sta... | [
{
"head": "Training examples",
"head_span": [
81,
98
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "behaviours",
"tail_span": [
109,
119
]
},
{
"head": "Global context",
"head_span": [
362,
376
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "detection... | [
[
"rare behaviours of interest",
"behaviours"
],
[
"Training examples",
"they"
],
[
"detection of abnormal behaviours",
"identifying rare behaviours of interest"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_25_abs | [
[
"We",
"present",
"a",
"scanning",
"method",
"that",
"recovers",
"dense",
"sub-pixel",
"camera-projector",
"correspondence",
"without",
"requiring",
"any",
"photometric",
"calibration",
"nor",
"preliminary",
"knowledge",
"of",
"the... | [
"We",
"present",
"a",
"scanning",
"method",
"that",
"recovers",
"dense",
"sub-pixel",
"camera-projector",
"correspondence",
"without",
"requiring",
"any",
"photometric",
"calibration",
"nor",
"preliminary",
"knowledge",
"of",
"their",
"relative",
"geometry.",
"Subpixel"... | We present a scanning method that recovers dense sub-pixel camera-projector correspondence without requiring any photometric calibration nor preliminary knowledge of their relative geometry. Subpixel accuracy is achieved by considering several zero-crossings defined by the difference between pairs of unstructured patte... | [
{
"end": 28,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 13,
"text": "scanning method"
},
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 43,
"text": "dense sub-pixel camera-projector correspondence"
},
{
"end": 136,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Oth... | [
{
"head": "scanning method",
"head_span": [
13,
28
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "dense sub-pixel camera-projector correspondence",
"tail_span": [
43,
90
]
},
{
"head": "robustness",
"head_span": [
388,
398
],
"relation": "EVAL... | [
[
"scanning method",
"method",
"it"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_26_abs | [
[
"We",
"propose",
"an",
"exact,",
"general",
"and",
"efficient",
"coarse-to-fine",
"energy",
"minimization",
"strategy",
"for",
"semantic",
"video",
"segmenta-tion.",
"Our",
"strategy",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"hierarchical",... | [
"We",
"propose",
"an",
"exact,",
"general",
"and",
"efficient",
"coarse-to-fine",
"energy",
"minimization",
"strategy",
"for",
"semantic",
"video",
"segmenta-tion.",
"Our",
"strategy",
"is",
"based",
"on",
"a",
"hierarchical",
"abstraction",
"of",
"the",
"supervoxel... | We propose an exact, general and efficient coarse-to-fine energy minimization strategy for semantic video segmenta-tion. Our strategy is based on a hierarchical abstraction of the supervoxel graph that allows us to minimize an energy defined at the finest level of the hierarchy by minimizing a series of simpler energie... | [
{
"end": 86,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 43,
"text": "coarse-to-fine energy minimization strategy"
},
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 91,
"text": "semantic video segmenta-tion"
},
{
"end": 133,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic"... | [
{
"head": "coarse-to-fine energy minimization strategy",
"head_span": [
43,
86
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "semantic video segmenta-tion",
"tail_span": [
91,
119
]
},
{
"head": "hierarchical abstraction of the supervoxel graph",
"head_span": [
... | [
[
"coarse-to-fine energy minimization strategy",
"It",
"it",
"It",
"strategy",
"strategy",
"strategy",
"it"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_33_abs | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"approach",
"to",
"localizing",
"functional",
"objects",
"in",
"surveillance",
"videos",
"without",
"domain",
"knowledge",
"about",
"semantic",
"object",
"classes",
"that",
"may",
"appear",
... | [
"This",
"paper",
"presents",
"an",
"approach",
"to",
"localizing",
"functional",
"objects",
"in",
"surveillance",
"videos",
"without",
"domain",
"knowledge",
"about",
"semantic",
"object",
"classes",
"that",
"may",
"appear",
"in",
"the",
"scene.",
"Functional",
"o... | This paper presents an approach to localizing functional objects in surveillance videos without domain knowledge about semantic object classes that may appear in the scene. Functional objects do not have discriminative appearance and shape, but they affect behavior of people in the scene. For example, they " attract " ... | [
{
"end": 31,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 23,
"text": "approach"
},
{
"end": 64,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 35,
"text": "localizing functional objects"
},
{
"end": 87,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"start": 68,
"text": "su... | [
{
"head": "surveillance videos",
"head_span": [
68,
87
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "localizing functional objects",
"tail_span": [
35,
64
]
},
{
"head": "approach",
"head_span": [
23,
31
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail":... | [
[
"Functional objects",
"they"
],
[
"localizing functional objects",
"localizing functional objects"
],
[
"approach",
"Bayesian framework"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_36_abs | [
[
"There",
"is",
"an",
"increased",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"efficient",
"creation",
"of",
"city",
"models,",
"be",
"it",
"virtual",
"or",
"as-built.",
"We",
"present",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"synthesizing",
"complex,",
... | [
"There",
"is",
"an",
"increased",
"interest",
"in",
"the",
"efficient",
"creation",
"of",
"city",
"models,",
"be",
"it",
"virtual",
"or",
"as-built.",
"We",
"present",
"a",
"method",
"for",
"synthesizing",
"complex,",
"photo-realistic",
"facade",
"images,",
"fro... | There is an increased interest in the efficient creation of city models, be it virtual or as-built. We present a method for synthesizing complex, photo-realistic facade images, from a single example. After parsing the example image into its semantic components, a tiling for it is generated. Novel tilings can then be cr... | [
{
"end": 71,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 48,
"text": "creation of city models"
},
{
"end": 119,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 113,
"text": "method"
},
{
"end": 175,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 124,
"text": "synthesizi... | [
{
"head": "method",
"head_span": [
113,
119
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "synthesizing complex, photo-realistic facade images",
"tail_span": [
124,
175
]
},
{
"head": "tiling",
"head_span": [
264,
270
],
"relation": "USED-FOR"... | [
[
"method",
"genetic algorithm"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_47_abs | [
[
"Light",
"fields",
"are",
"image-based",
"representations",
"that",
"use",
"densely",
"sampled",
"rays",
"as",
"a",
"scene",
"description.",
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"explore",
"geometric",
"structures",
"of",
"3D",
... | [
"Light",
"fields",
"are",
"image-based",
"representations",
"that",
"use",
"densely",
"sampled",
"rays",
"as",
"a",
"scene",
"description.",
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"explore",
"geometric",
"structures",
"of",
"3D",
"lines",
"in",
"ray",
"space",
"for",
"... | Light fields are image-based representations that use densely sampled rays as a scene description. In this paper, we explore geometric structures of 3D lines in ray space for improving light field triangulation and stereo matching. The triangulation problem aims to fill in the ray space with continuous and non-overlapp... | [
{
"end": 12,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 0,
"text": "Light fields"
},
{
"end": 44,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 17,
"text": "image-based representations"
},
{
"end": 74,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"s... | [
{
"head": "ray space",
"head_span": [
161,
170
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "geometric structures of 3D lines",
"tail_span": [
125,
157
]
},
{
"head": "geometric structures of 3D lines",
"head_span": [
125,
157
],
"relation"... | [
[
"triangulation",
"light field triangulation",
"triangulation problem"
]
] |
ICCV_2013_50_abs | [
[
"Regression-based",
"techniques",
"have",
"shown",
"promising",
"results",
"for",
"people",
"counting",
"in",
"crowded",
"scenes.",
"However,",
"most",
"existing",
"techniques",
"require",
"expensive",
"and",
"laborious",
"data",
... | [
"Regression-based",
"techniques",
"have",
"shown",
"promising",
"results",
"for",
"people",
"counting",
"in",
"crowded",
"scenes.",
"However,",
"most",
"existing",
"techniques",
"require",
"expensive",
"and",
"laborious",
"data",
"annotation",
"for",
"model",
"trainin... | Regression-based techniques have shown promising results for people counting in crowded scenes. However, most existing techniques require expensive and laborious data annotation for model training. In this study, we propose to address this problem from three perspectives: (1) Instead of exhaustively annotating every si... | [
{
"end": 27,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 0,
"text": "Regression-based techniques"
},
{
"end": 94,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 61,
"text": "people counting in crowded scenes"
},
{
"end": 129,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
"start"... | [
{
"head": "data annotation",
"head_span": [
162,
177
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "model training",
"tail_span": [
182,
196
]
},
{
"head": "data annotation",
"head_span": [
162,
177
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "tech... | [
[
"data annotation",
"data annotation",
"annotation"
],
[
"unified active and semi-supervised regression framework",
"approach"
]
] |
ICCV_2015_392_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"propose",
"a",
"new",
"approach",
"to",
"generate",
"oriented",
"object",
"proposals",
"(OOPs)",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"detection",
"error",
"caused",
"by",
"various",
"orientations",
"o... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"propose",
"a",
"new",
"approach",
"to",
"generate",
"oriented",
"object",
"proposals",
"(OOPs)",
"to",
"reduce",
"the",
"detection",
"error",
"caused",
"by",
"various",
"orientations",
"of",
"the",
"object.",
"To",
"this",
"end,"... | In this paper, we propose a new approach to generate oriented object proposals (OOPs) to reduce the detection error caused by various orientations of the object. To this end, we propose to efficiently locate object regions according to pixelwise object probability, rather than measuring the objectness from a set of sam... | [
{
"end": 40,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 32,
"text": "approach"
},
{
"end": 85,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 53,
"text": "oriented object proposals (OOPs)"
},
{
"end": 115,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Metric",
"start": 100,
"text": ... | [
{
"head": "detection error",
"head_span": [
100,
115
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "oriented object proposals (OOPs)",
"tail_span": [
53,
85
]
},
{
"head": "sizes",
"head_span": [
470,
475
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
... | [
[
"approach",
"approach",
"it",
"it",
"generative proba-bilistic model"
],
[
"OOP",
"OOPs"
]
] |
ICCV_2015_393_abs | [
[
"We",
"study",
"the",
"question",
"of",
"how",
"to",
"make",
"loss-aware",
"predictions",
"in",
"image",
"segmentation",
"settings",
"where",
"the",
"evaluation",
"function",
"is",
"the",
"Intersection-over-Union",
"(IoU)",
... | [
"We",
"study",
"the",
"question",
"of",
"how",
"to",
"make",
"loss-aware",
"predictions",
"in",
"image",
"segmentation",
"settings",
"where",
"the",
"evaluation",
"function",
"is",
"the",
"Intersection-over-Union",
"(IoU)",
"measure",
"that",
"is",
"used",
"widely... | We study the question of how to make loss-aware predictions in image segmentation settings where the evaluation function is the Intersection-over-Union (IoU) measure that is used widely in evaluating image segmentation systems. Currently, there are two dominant approaches: the first approximates the Expected-IoU (EIoU)... | [
{
"end": 59,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 37,
"text": "loss-aware predictions"
},
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 37,
"text": "loss-aware predictions in image segmentation settings"
},
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
... | [
{
"head": "Intersection-over-Union (IoU) measure",
"head_span": [
128,
165
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "image segmentation systems",
"tail_span": [
200,
226
]
},
{
"head": "Intersection-over-Union (IoU) measure",
"head_span": [
128,
... | [
[
"EIoU",
"Expected-IoU (EIoU) score"
],
[
"methods",
"approaches"
],
[
"image seg-mentation tasks",
"image segmentation tasks"
],
[
"Expected-Intersection-over-Expected-Union (EIoEU)",
"EIoEU"
]
] |
ICCV_2015_400_abs | [
[
"Hough",
"voting",
"in",
"a",
"geometric",
"transformation",
"space",
"allows",
"us",
"to",
"realize",
"spatial",
"verification,",
"but",
"remains",
"sensitive",
"to",
"feature",
"detection",
"errors",
"because",
"of",
"th... | [
"Hough",
"voting",
"in",
"a",
"geometric",
"transformation",
"space",
"allows",
"us",
"to",
"realize",
"spatial",
"verification,",
"but",
"remains",
"sensitive",
"to",
"feature",
"detection",
"errors",
"because",
"of",
"the",
"inflexible",
"quan-tization",
"of",
"... | Hough voting in a geometric transformation space allows us to realize spatial verification, but remains sensitive to feature detection errors because of the inflexible quan-tization of single feature correspondences. To handle this problem, we propose a new method, called adaptive dither voting, for robust spatial veri... | [
{
"end": 12,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 0,
"text": "Hough voting"
},
{
"end": 48,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 18,
"text": "geometric transformation space"
},
{
"end": 90,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 70,
... | [
{
"head": "geometric transformation space",
"head_span": [
18,
48
],
"relation": "FEATURE-OF",
"tail": "Hough voting",
"tail_span": [
0,
12
]
},
{
"head": "Hough voting",
"head_span": [
0,
12
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "... | [
[
"method",
"method",
"method",
"method",
"adaptive dither voting",
"method"
],
[
"spatial verification",
"robust spatial verification"
]
] |
ICCV_2015_403_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"aim",
"to",
"automatically",
"render",
"aging",
"faces",
"in",
"a",
"personalized",
"way.",
"Basically,",
"a",
"set",
"of",
"age-group",
"specific",
"dictionaries",
"are",
"learned,",
"wh... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"aim",
"to",
"automatically",
"render",
"aging",
"faces",
"in",
"a",
"personalized",
"way.",
"Basically,",
"a",
"set",
"of",
"age-group",
"specific",
"dictionaries",
"are",
"learned,",
"where",
"the",
"dictionary",
"bases",
"corresp... | In this paper, we aim to automatically render aging faces in a personalized way. Basically, a set of age-group specific dictionaries are learned, where the dictionary bases corresponding to the same index yet from different dictionaries form a particular aging process pattern cross different age groups, and a linear co... | [
{
"end": 57,
"id": "T1",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 46,
"text": "aging faces"
},
{
"end": 132,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 101,
"text": "age-group specific dictionaries"
},
{
"end": 172,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",... | [
{
"head": "linear combination",
"head_span": [
311,
329
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "personalized aging process",
"tail_span": [
371,
397
]
},
{
"head": "patterns",
"head_span": [
339,
347
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail... | [
[
"aging process pattern",
"patterns"
],
[
"aging process",
"personalized aging process"
],
[
"dictionaries",
"age-group specific dictionaries",
"aging dictionaries"
]
] |
ICCV_2015_50_abs | [
[
"Detecting",
"fine-grained",
"subtle",
"changes",
"among",
"a",
"scene",
"is",
"critically",
"important",
"in",
"practice.",
"Previous",
"change",
"detection",
"methods,",
"focusing",
"on",
"detecting",
"large-scale",
"significant... | [
"Detecting",
"fine-grained",
"subtle",
"changes",
"among",
"a",
"scene",
"is",
"critically",
"important",
"in",
"practice.",
"Previous",
"change",
"detection",
"methods,",
"focusing",
"on",
"detecting",
"large-scale",
"significant",
"changes,",
"cannot",
"do",
"this",... | Detecting fine-grained subtle changes among a scene is critically important in practice. Previous change detection methods, focusing on detecting large-scale significant changes, cannot do this well. This paper proposes a feasible end-to-end approach to this challenging problem. We start from active camera relocation t... | [
{
"end": 51,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 0,
"text": "Detecting fine-grained subtle changes among a scene"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 98,
"text": "change detection methods"
},
{
"end": 177,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task"... | [
{
"head": "change detection methods",
"head_span": [
98,
122
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "detecting large-scale significant changes",
"tail_span": [
136,
177
]
},
{
"head": "end-to-end approach",
"head_span": [
231,
250
],
"r... | [
[
"detecting large-scale significant changes",
"problem"
],
[
"factors",
"factors"
],
[
"approach",
"end-to-end approach"
]
] |
ICML_1995_30_abs | [
[
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"introduce",
"Ant-Q,",
"a",
"family",
"of",
"algorithms",
"which",
"present",
"many",
"similarities",
"with",
"Q-learning",
"(Watkins,",
"1989),",
"and",
"which",
"we",
"apply",
"to",
"the"... | [
"In",
"this",
"paper",
"we",
"introduce",
"Ant-Q,",
"a",
"family",
"of",
"algorithms",
"which",
"present",
"many",
"similarities",
"with",
"Q-learning",
"(Watkins,",
"1989),",
"and",
"which",
"we",
"apply",
"to",
"the",
"solution",
"of",
"symmetric",
"and",
"a... | In this paper we introduce Ant-Q, a family of algorithms which present many similarities with Q-learning (Watkins, 1989), and which we apply to the solution of symmetric and asym-metric instances of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Ant-Q algorithms were inspired by work on the ant system (AS), a distributed algori... | [
{
"end": 32,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 27,
"text": "Ant-Q"
},
{
"end": 104,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 94,
"text": "Q-learning"
},
{
"end": 235,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 160,
"text": "symmetric and asym-metri... | [
{
"head": "distributed algorithm",
"head_span": [
302,
323
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "combinatorial optimization",
"tail_span": [
328,
354
]
},
{
"head": "AS",
"head_span": [
489,
491
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail"... | [
[
"family",
"Ant-Q",
"Ant-Q",
"Ant-Q",
"Ant-Q",
"Ant-Q algorithms",
"Ant-Q family"
],
[
"ant system (AS)",
"AS"
]
] |
ICML_1995_38_abs | [
[
"An",
"important",
"area",
"of",
"learning",
"in",
"autonomous",
"agents",
"is",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"learn",
"domain-speciic",
"models",
"of",
"actions",
"to",
"be",
"used",
"by",
"planning",
"systems.",
"In",
... | [
"An",
"important",
"area",
"of",
"learning",
"in",
"autonomous",
"agents",
"is",
"the",
"ability",
"to",
"learn",
"domain-speciic",
"models",
"of",
"actions",
"to",
"be",
"used",
"by",
"planning",
"systems.",
"In",
"this",
"paper,",
"we",
"present",
"methods",... | An important area of learning in autonomous agents is the ability to learn domain-speciic models of actions to be used by planning systems. In this paper, we present methods by which an agent learns action models from its own experience and from its observation of a domain expert. These methods diier from previous work... | [
{
"end": 50,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 21,
"text": "learning in autonomous agents"
},
{
"end": 107,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 75,
"text": "domain-speciic models of actions"
},
{
"end": 138,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start"... | [
{
"head": "action model formalism",
"head_span": [
360,
382
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "re-active agent",
"tail_span": [
424,
439
]
},
{
"head": "GOLEM",
"head_span": [
584,
589
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "action... | [
[
"integrated learning system",
"methods",
"methods"
],
[
"action models",
"domain-speciic models of actions",
"action models"
]
] |
ICML_2006_111_abs | [
[
"Boosting",
"methods",
"are",
"known",
"not",
"to",
"usually",
"overfit",
"training",
"data",
"even",
"as",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"generated",
"classifiers",
"becomes",
"large.",
"Schapire",
"et",
"al.",
"attempt... | [
"Boosting",
"methods",
"are",
"known",
"not",
"to",
"usually",
"overfit",
"training",
"data",
"even",
"as",
"the",
"size",
"of",
"the",
"generated",
"classifiers",
"becomes",
"large.",
"Schapire",
"et",
"al.",
"attempted",
"to",
"explain",
"this",
"phenomenon",
... | Boosting methods are known not to usually overfit training data even as the size of the generated classifiers becomes large. Schapire et al. attempted to explain this phenomenon in terms of the margins the classifier achieves on training examples. Later, however, Breiman cast serious doubt on this explanation by introd... | [
{
"end": 16,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 0,
"text": "Boosting methods"
},
{
"end": 109,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Method",
"start": 98,
"text": "classifiers"
},
{
"end": 216,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Method",
"start": 206,
"text": "classifier"... | [
{
"head": "arc-gv",
"head_span": [
348,
354
],
"relation": "HYPONYM-OF",
"tail": "boosting algorithm",
"tail_span": [
328,
346
]
},
{
"head": "arc-gv",
"head_span": [
348,
354
],
"relation": "COMPARE",
"tail": "AdaBoost",
"t... | [
[
"arc-gv",
"arc-gv"
]
] |
ICML_2006_112_abs | [
[
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"general",
"framework",
"for",
"online",
"multiclass",
"learning",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"notion",
"of",
"hypothesis",
"sharing.",
"In",
"our",
"framework",
"sets",
"of",
"classes",
"are",
"assoc... | [
"We",
"describe",
"a",
"general",
"framework",
"for",
"online",
"multiclass",
"learning",
"based",
"on",
"the",
"notion",
"of",
"hypothesis",
"sharing.",
"In",
"our",
"framework",
"sets",
"of",
"classes",
"are",
"associated",
"with",
"hypotheses.",
"Thus,",
"all... | We describe a general framework for online multiclass learning based on the notion of hypothesis sharing. In our framework sets of classes are associated with hypotheses. Thus, all classes within a given set share the same hypothesis. This framework includes as special cases commonly used constructions for multiclass c... | [
{
"end": 31,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 22,
"text": "framework"
},
{
"end": 62,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 36,
"text": "online multiclass learning"
},
{
"end": 104,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 76,
"... | [
{
"head": "framework",
"head_span": [
22,
31
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "online multiclass learning",
"tail_span": [
36,
62
]
},
{
"head": "notion of hypothesis sharing",
"head_span": [
76,
104
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
... | [
[
"framework",
"approach",
"it",
"framework",
"framework",
"framework"
]
] |
ICML_2006_119_abs | [
[
"We",
"investigate",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"learning",
"to",
"predict",
"moves",
"in",
"the",
"board",
"game",
"of",
"Go",
"from",
"game",
"records",
"of",
"expert",
"players.",
"In",
"particular,",
"we",
"obtain... | [
"We",
"investigate",
"the",
"problem",
"of",
"learning",
"to",
"predict",
"moves",
"in",
"the",
"board",
"game",
"of",
"Go",
"from",
"game",
"records",
"of",
"expert",
"players.",
"In",
"particular,",
"we",
"obtain",
"a",
"probability",
"distribution",
"over",... | We investigate the problem of learning to predict moves in the board game of Go from game records of expert players. In particular, we obtain a probability distribution over legal moves for professional play in a given position. This distribution has numerous applications in computer Go, including serving as an efficie... | [
{
"end": 79,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 63,
"text": "board game of Go"
},
{
"end": 115,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Material",
"start": 85,
"text": "game records of expert players"
},
{
"end": 168,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"star... | [
{
"head": "game records of expert players",
"head_span": [
85,
115
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "board game of Go",
"tail_span": [
63,
79
]
},
{
"head": "distribution",
"head_span": [
234,
246
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"t... | [
[
"probability distribution",
"distribution"
],
[
"method",
"system",
"It"
]
] |
ICML_2006_122_abs | [
[
"In",
"the",
"model-based",
"policy",
"search",
"approach",
"to",
"reinforcement",
"learning",
"(RL),",
"policies",
"are",
"found",
"using",
"a",
"model",
"(or",
"\"simulator\")",
"of",
"the",
"Markov",
"decision",
"proces... | [
"In",
"the",
"model-based",
"policy",
"search",
"approach",
"to",
"reinforcement",
"learning",
"(RL),",
"policies",
"are",
"found",
"using",
"a",
"model",
"(or",
"\"simulator\")",
"of",
"the",
"Markov",
"decision",
"process.",
"However,",
"for",
"high-dimensional",
... | In the model-based policy search approach to reinforcement learning (RL), policies are found using a model (or "simulator") of the Markov decision process. However, for high-dimensional continuous-state tasks, it can be extremely difficult to build an accurate model, and thus often the algorithm returns a policy that w... | [
{
"end": 41,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 7,
"text": "model-based policy search approach"
},
{
"end": 72,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 45,
"text": "reinforcement learning (RL)"
},
{
"end": 82,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",... | [
{
"head": "model-based policy search approach",
"head_span": [
7,
41
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "reinforcement learning (RL)",
"tail_span": [
45,
72
]
},
{
"head": "Markov decision process",
"head_span": [
131,
154
],
"relat... | [
[
"algorithm",
"algorithm"
],
[
"model",
"algorithm"
]
] |
ICML_2016_10_abs | [
[
"This",
"paper",
"solves",
"a",
"specialized",
"regression",
"problem",
"to",
"obtain",
"sampling",
"probabilities",
"for",
"records",
"in",
"databases.",
"The",
"goal",
"is",
"to",
"sample",
"a",
"small",
"set",
"of",... | [
"This",
"paper",
"solves",
"a",
"specialized",
"regression",
"problem",
"to",
"obtain",
"sampling",
"probabilities",
"for",
"records",
"in",
"databases.",
"The",
"goal",
"is",
"to",
"sample",
"a",
"small",
"set",
"of",
"records",
"over",
"which",
"evaluating",
... | This paper solves a specialized regression problem to obtain sampling probabilities for records in databases. The goal is to sample a small set of records over which evaluating aggregate queries can be done both efficiently and accurately. We provide a principled and provable solution for this problem; it is parameterl... | [
{
"end": 50,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 20,
"text": "specialized regression problem"
},
{
"end": 83,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 61,
"text": "sampling probabilities"
},
{
"end": 95,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Material",
"... | [
{
"head": "specialized regression problem",
"head_span": [
20,
50
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "sampling probabilities",
"tail_span": [
61,
83
]
},
{
"head": "aggregate queries",
"head_span": [
177,
194
],
"relation": "EVALUAT... | [
[
"records",
"records"
],
[
"specialized regression problem",
"problem"
],
[
"principled and provable solution",
"it"
]
] |
ICML_2016_11_abs | [
[
"The",
"robust",
"principal",
"component",
"analysis",
"(robust",
"PCA)",
"problem",
"has",
"been",
"considered",
"in",
"many",
"machine",
"learning",
"applications,",
"where",
"the",
"goal",
"is",
"to",
"decompose",
"the"... | [
"The",
"robust",
"principal",
"component",
"analysis",
"(robust",
"PCA)",
"problem",
"has",
"been",
"considered",
"in",
"many",
"machine",
"learning",
"applications,",
"where",
"the",
"goal",
"is",
"to",
"decompose",
"the",
"data",
"matrix",
"to",
"a",
"low",
... | The robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) problem has been considered in many machine learning applications, where the goal is to decompose the data matrix to a low rank part plus a sparse residual. While current approaches are developed by only considering the low rank plus sparse structure, in many applica... | [
{
"end": 60,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 4,
"text": "robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) problem"
},
{
"end": 118,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 89,
"text": "machine learning applications"
},
{
"end": 166,
"id": "T3",
"labe... | [
{
"head": "robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) problem",
"head_span": [
4,
60
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "machine learning applications",
"tail_span": [
89,
118
]
},
{
"head": "low rank plus sparse structure",
"head_span": [
... | [
[
"robust principal component analysis (robust PCA) problem",
"robust PCA",
"robust PCA",
"robust PCA",
"robust PCA",
"robust PCA"
],
[
"method",
"method",
"method"
],
[
"side information",
"information"
]
] |
ICML_2016_18_abs | [
[
"In",
"the",
"Object",
"Recognition",
"task,",
"there",
"exists",
"a",
"di-chotomy",
"between",
"the",
"categorization",
"of",
"objects",
"and",
"estimating",
"object",
"pose,",
"where",
"the",
"former",
"necessitates",
"a... | [
"In",
"the",
"Object",
"Recognition",
"task,",
"there",
"exists",
"a",
"di-chotomy",
"between",
"the",
"categorization",
"of",
"objects",
"and",
"estimating",
"object",
"pose,",
"where",
"the",
"former",
"necessitates",
"a",
"view-invariant",
"representation,",
"whi... | In the Object Recognition task, there exists a di-chotomy between the categorization of objects and estimating object pose, where the former necessitates a view-invariant representation, while the latter requires a representation capable of capturing pose information over different categories of objects. With the rise ... | [
{
"end": 30,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Task",
"start": 7,
"text": "Object Recognition task"
},
{
"end": 95,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 70,
"text": "categorization of objects"
},
{
"end": 122,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Task",
"start": 100,
"text"... | [
{
"head": "categorization of objects",
"head_span": [
70,
95
],
"relation": "CONJUNCTION",
"tail": "estimating object pose",
"tail_span": [
100,
122
]
},
{
"head": "representation",
"head_span": [
215,
229
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",... | [
[
"object category recognition",
"task",
"object recognition",
"categorization of objects",
"former"
],
[
"object pose estimation",
"pose estimation",
"estimating object pose",
"latter"
],
[
"Deep learning methods",
"approaches"
],
[
"Convolutional Neural ... |
ICML_2016_21_abs | [
[
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"novel",
"limited-memory",
"stochastic",
"block",
"BFGS",
"update",
"for",
"incorporating",
"enriched",
"curvature",
"information",
"in",
"stochastic",
"approximation",
"methods.",
"In",
"our",
"method,",
... | [
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"novel",
"limited-memory",
"stochastic",
"block",
"BFGS",
"update",
"for",
"incorporating",
"enriched",
"curvature",
"information",
"in",
"stochastic",
"approximation",
"methods.",
"In",
"our",
"method,",
"the",
"estimate",
"of",
"the",
"invers... | We propose a novel limited-memory stochastic block BFGS update for incorporating enriched curvature information in stochastic approximation methods. In our method, the estimate of the inverse Hessian matrix that is maintained by it, is updated at each iteration using a sketch of the Hessian, i.e., a randomly generated ... | [
{
"end": 62,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 19,
"text": "limited-memory stochastic block BFGS update"
},
{
"end": 147,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 67,
"text": "incorporating enriched curvature information in stochastic approximation methods"
},
{
... | [
{
"head": "it",
"head_span": [
229,
231
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "inverse Hessian matrix",
"tail_span": [
184,
206
]
},
{
"head": "randomly generated compressed form of the Hessian",
"head_span": [
301,
350
],
"relation": ... | [
[
"limited-memory stochastic block BFGS update",
"method",
"method",
"it"
],
[
"method",
"quasi-Newton method"
]
] |
IJCAI_1995_190_abs | [
[
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"process",
"model",
"for",
"hierarchical",
"perceptual",
"sound",
"organization,",
"which",
"recognizes",
"perceptual",
"sounds",
"included",
"in",
"incoming",
"sound",
"signals.",
"We",
"consider",
"perc... | [
"We",
"propose",
"a",
"process",
"model",
"for",
"hierarchical",
"perceptual",
"sound",
"organization,",
"which",
"recognizes",
"perceptual",
"sounds",
"included",
"in",
"incoming",
"sound",
"signals.",
"We",
"consider",
"perceptual",
"sound",
"organization",
"as",
... | We propose a process model for hierarchical perceptual sound organization, which recognizes perceptual sounds included in incoming sound signals. We consider perceptual sound organization as a scene analysis problem in the auditory domain. Our model consists of multiple processing modules and a hypothesis network for q... | [
{
"end": 26,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 13,
"text": "process model"
},
{
"end": 73,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 31,
"text": "hierarchical perceptual sound organization"
},
{
"end": 109,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
... | [
{
"head": "process model",
"head_span": [
13,
26
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "hierarchical perceptual sound organization",
"tail_span": [
31,
73
]
},
{
"head": "perceptual sounds",
"head_span": [
92,
109
],
"relation": "PART-... | [
[
"processing module",
"module",
"processing modules"
],
[
"hypothesis network",
"hypothesis network",
"hypothesis network"
],
[
"internal model",
"model",
"internal model"
],
[
"process model",
"method",
"model"
]
] |
IJCAI_2001_12_abs | [
[
"Visitors",
"who",
"browse",
"the",
"web",
"from",
"wireless",
"PDAs,",
"cell",
"phones,",
"and",
"pagers",
"are",
"frequently",
"stymied",
"by",
"web",
"interfaces",
"optimized",
"for",
"desktop",
"PCs.",
"Simply",
"r... | [
"Visitors",
"who",
"browse",
"the",
"web",
"from",
"wireless",
"PDAs,",
"cell",
"phones,",
"and",
"pagers",
"are",
"frequently",
"stymied",
"by",
"web",
"interfaces",
"optimized",
"for",
"desktop",
"PCs.",
"Simply",
"replacing",
"graphics",
"with",
"text",
"and"... | Visitors who browse the web from wireless PDAs, cell phones, and pagers are frequently stymied by web interfaces optimized for desktop PCs. Simply replacing graphics with text and reformatting tables does not solve the problem, because deep link structures can still require minutes to traverse. In this paper we develop... | [
{
"end": 112,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Method",
"start": 98,
"text": "web interfaces"
},
{
"end": 138,
"id": "T2",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 127,
"text": "desktop PCs"
},
{
"end": 256,
"id": "T3",
"label": "OtherScientificTerm",
"start": 23... | [
{
"head": "web interfaces",
"head_span": [
98,
112
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "desktop PCs",
"tail_span": [
127,
138
]
},
{
"head": "algorithm",
"head_span": [
324,
333
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "wireless web na... | [
[
"MINPATH",
"algorithm",
"MINPATH",
"MINPATH"
],
[
"predictive models",
"model"
]
] |
IJCAI_2001_4_abs | [
[
"A",
"new",
"algorithm",
"for",
"solving",
"the",
"three",
"dimensional",
"container",
"packing",
"problem",
"is",
"proposed",
"in",
"this",
"paper.",
"This",
"new",
"algorithm",
"deviates",
"from",
"the",
"traditional",
... | [
"A",
"new",
"algorithm",
"for",
"solving",
"the",
"three",
"dimensional",
"container",
"packing",
"problem",
"is",
"proposed",
"in",
"this",
"paper.",
"This",
"new",
"algorithm",
"deviates",
"from",
"the",
"traditional",
"approach",
"of",
"wall",
"building",
"an... | A new algorithm for solving the three dimensional container packing problem is proposed in this paper. This new algorithm deviates from the traditional approach of wall building and layering. It uses the concept of " building growing " from multiple sides of the container. We tested our method using all 760 test cases ... | [
{
"end": 15,
"id": "T1",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 6,
"text": "algorithm"
},
{
"end": 75,
"id": "T2",
"label": "Task",
"start": 38,
"text": "dimensional container packing problem"
},
{
"end": 121,
"id": "T3",
"label": "Generic",
"start": 112,
"t... | [
{
"head": "average packing utilization",
"head_span": [
416,
443
],
"relation": "EVALUATE-FOR",
"tail": "algorithm",
"tail_span": [
384,
393
]
},
{
"head": "algorithm",
"head_span": [
6,
15
],
"relation": "USED-FOR",
"tail": "di... | [
[
"algorithm",
"algorithm",
"It",
"method",
"algorithm"
]
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.