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Berakhot.2a:1
מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בָּעֲרָבִין? מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. עַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמוּרָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר.
From when, one recite Shema in the evening? From the time when the priests enter to partake of their teruma. Until the end of the first watch. That is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:2
וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: עַד חֲצוֹת.
The Rabbis say: until midnight.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:3
רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר.
Rabban Gamliel says: until dawn,
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:4
מַעֲשֶׂה וּבָאוּ בָנָיו מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אָמְרוּ לוֹ: לֹא קָרִינוּ אֶת שְׁמַע, אָמַר לָהֶם: אִם לֹא עָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר חַיָּיבִין אַתֶּם לִקְרוֹת. וְלֹא זוֹ בִּלְבַד אָמְרוּ, אֶלָּא כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים ״עַד חֲצוֹת״, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר.
incident sons returned from a wedding hall. They said to him, We did not recite Shema. He said to them: If the dawn has not arrived, you are obligated to recite and not only but rather, wherever the Sages say until midnight, the mitzva until dawn.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:5
הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים וְאֵבָרִים, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר וְכָל הַנֶּאֱכָלִים לְיוֹם אֶחָד, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. אִם כֵּן, לָמָה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים ״עַד חֲצוֹת״ — כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיק אָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵירָה:
the burning of fats and limbs And, all that are eaten for one day until dawn. If so, why did the Sages say until midnight? in order to distance a person from transgression,
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:6
גְּמָ׳ תַּנָּא הֵיכָא קָאֵי דְּקָתָנֵי ״מֵאֵימָתַי״?
On the basis of what does tanna From when?
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:7
וְתוּ: מַאי שְׁנָא דְּתָנֵי בְּעַרְבִית בְּרֵישָׁא? לִתְנֵי דְּשַׁחֲרִית בְּרֵישָׁא!
And furthermore, what distinguishes the evening first? Let teach the morning first.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:8
תַּנָּא אַקְּרָא קָאֵי, דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ״. וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי: זְמַן קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע דִּשְׁכִיבָה אֵימַת? — מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִין לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן.
The tanna bases himself on the verse as it is written: when you lie down, and when you arise” And the tanna teaches When is the time for the recitation of Shema of lying down From when the priests enter to partake of their teruma.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:9
וְאִי בָּעֵית אֵימָא: יָלֵיף מִבְּרִיָּיתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיְהִי עֶרֶב וַיְהִי בֹקֶר יוֹם אֶחָד״.
If you wish, say derives from the creation of the world. As it is written “And there was evening, and there was morning, one day”
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:10
אִי הָכִי, סֵיפָא דְּקָתָנֵי ״בַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, בָּעֶרֶב מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ״, לִתְנֵי דְּעַרְבִית בְּרֵישָׁא!
If so, latter clause teach: In the morning one recites two before and one afterward, and in the evening one recites two before and two afterward? should have taught evening first.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:11
תַּנָּא פָּתַח בְּעַרְבִית, וַהֲדַר תָּנֵי בְּשַׁחֲרִית, עַד דְּקָאֵי בְּשַׁחֲרִית, פָּרֵישׁ מִילֵּי דְשַׁחֲרִית, וַהֲדַר פָּרֵישׁ מִילֵּי דְעַרְבִית.
tanna began the evening and then taught the morning Once was already dealing with the morning he explained the matters of the morning and then explained the matters of the evening
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:12
אָמַר מָר מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. מִכְּדִי כֹּהֲנִים אֵימַת קָא אָכְלִי תְּרוּמָה? — מִשְּׁעַת צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים, לִתְנֵי: ״מִשְּׁעַת צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים״!
The Master said when the priests enter to partake of their teruma. When do the priests enter to partake of their teruma? From the time of the emergence of the stars. let teach from the time of the emergence of the stars.
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:13
מִלְּתָא אַגַּב אוֹרְחֵיהּ קָמַשְׁמַע לַן — כֹּהֲנִים אֵימַת קָא אָכְלִי בִּתְרוּמָה — מִשְּׁעַת צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים. וְהָא קָמַשְׁמַע לַן דְּכַפָּרָה לָא מְעַכְּבָא. כִּדְתַנְיָא: ״וּבָא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְטָהֵר״ — בִּיאַת שִׁמְשׁוֹ מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָה, וְאֵין כַּפָּרָתוֹ מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָה.
teaches us matter in passing: When do priests partake of their teruma? From the time of the emergence of the stars. And teaches us atonement does not prevent As it was taught “And the sun sets and it is purified,” the setting of his sun prevents him from partaking of teruma, but the atonement does not prevent him from partaking of teruma,
Talmud
Berakhot.2a:14
וּמִמַּאי דְּהַאי ״וּבָא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״ בִּיאַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְהַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר יוֹמָא.
From where that the “And the sun sets” the setting of the sun, “and it is purified” the day is pure,
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:1
דִּילְמָא בִּיאַת אוֹרוֹ הוּא, וּמַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר גַּבְרָא?!
Perhaps the setting of light. what does and it is purified mean? the person will become purified.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:2
אָמַר רַבָּהּ בַּר רַב שֵׁילָא: אִם כֵּן, לֵימָא קְרָא: ״וְיִטְהָר״, מַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר יוֹמָא, כִּדְאָמְרִי אִינָשֵׁי: ״אִיעֲרַב שִׁמְשָׁא וְאִדַּכִּי יוֹמָא״.
Rabba bar Rav Sheila said: If so, let the verse say And he will become purified. What is And it is purified? the day is pure, as people say The sun has set and the day is purified.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:3
בְּמַעֲרָבָא, הָא דְּרַבָּהּ בַּר רַב שֵׁילָא לָא שְׁמִיעַ לְהוּ, וּבְעוֹ לַהּ מִיבַּעְיָא: הַאי ״וּבָא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ״ בִּיאַת שִׁמְשׁוֹ הוּא, וּמַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר יוֹמָא, אוֹ דִילְמָא בִּיאַת אוֹרוֹ הוּא, וּמַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר גַּבְרָא.
In the West, they did not hear this by Rabba bar Rav Sheila. They raised the dilemma: Does the expression: And the sun sets, refer to the setting of the sun, and does: And it is purified, mean the day clears away? Or perhaps it refers to the setting of its light what is And it is purified? the purification of the person.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:4
וַהֲדַר פָּשְׁטוּ לַהּ מִבָּרַיְיתָא. מִדְּקָתָנֵי בְּבָרַיְיתָא, סִימָן לַדָּבָר — צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ — בִּיאַת שִׁמְשׁוֹ הוּא, וּמַאי ״וְטָהֵר״ — טְהַר יוֹמָא.
Ultimately they resolved from a baraita. It was taught in a baraita a sign for which is the emergence of the stars. derive from here the complete sunset, and the expression “and it is purified” the day clears away,
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:5
אָמַר מָר מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִין לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. וּרְמִינְהוּ: מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בָּעֲרָבִין — מִשֶּׁהֶעָנִי נִכְנָס לֶאֱכוֹל פִּתּוֹ בְּמֶלַח, עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁעוֹמֵד לִיפָּטֵר מִתּוֹךְ סְעוּדָּתוֹ.
the Master said: From the time when the priests enter to partake of their teruma. raises a contradiction From when a poor person enters to eat his bread with salt until he rises from his meal.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:6
סֵיפָא, וַדַּאי פְּלִיגָא אַמַּתְנִיתִין. רֵישָׁא, מִי לֵימָא פְּלִיגִי אַמַּתְנִיתִין?
The latter clause certainly disagrees with our mishna. the first clause shall we say that it disagrees with our mishna?
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:7
לָא, עָנִי וְכֹהֵן חַד שִׁיעוּרָא הוּא.
No, the poor person and the priest are one time.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:8
וּרְמִינְהוּ: מֵאֵימָתַי מַתְחִילִין לִקְרוֹת קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע בְּעַרְבִית — מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִין לֶאֱכוֹל פִּתָּן בְּעַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים זַכָּאִין לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. סִימָן לַדָּבָר: צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רְאָיָה לַדָּבָר, זֵכֶר לַדָּבָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַאֲנַחְנוּ עֹשִׂים בַּמְּלָאכָה וְחֶצְיָם מַחֲזִיקִים בָּרְמָחִים מֵעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר עַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים״, וְאוֹמֵר: ״וְהָיוּ לָנוּ הַלַּיְלָה מִשְׁמָר וְהַיּוֹם מְלָאכָה״.
raises a contradiction From when does one begin to recite in the evening? From the time when people enter to eat their bread on Shabbat eve. the statement of Rabbi Meir. the Rabbis say: From the time when the priests are eligible to partake of their teruma, a sign for which is the emergence of the stars. And although there is no proof there is an allusion it is stated “And we perform the work, and half of them grasp their spears from dawn until the emergence of the stars” And it says: “That in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labor in the day”
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:9
מַאי ״וְאוֹמֵר״?
What And it says?
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:10
וְכִי תֵּימָא מִכִּי עָרְבָא שִׁמְשָׁא, לֵילְיָא הוּא, וְאִינְהוּ דְּמַחְשְׁכִי וּמַקְדְּמִי, תָּא שְׁמַע ״וְהָיוּ לָנוּ הַלַּיְלָה מִשְׁמָר וְהַיּוֹם מְלָאכָה״.
As, if you say that night begins when the sun sets, but stayed late and arrived early; Come and hear, “That in the night they may be a guard to us, and may labor in the day,”
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:11
קָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ דְּעָנִי וּבְנֵי אָדָם חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא. וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ עָנִי וְכֹהֵן חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא, חֲכָמִים הַיְינוּ רַבִּי מֵאִיר?
It might enter your mind poor person people are one time, if you say the poor person’s and the priest are one time, the Rabbis is Rabbi Meir.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:12
אֶלָּא, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ עָנִי שִׁעוּרָא לְחוּד וְכֹהֵן שִׁעוּרָא לְחוּד. לָא, עָנִי וְכֹהֵן חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא, וְעָנִי וּבְנֵי אָדָם לָאו חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא.
Rather, learn from this a separate time poor person and a separate time priest. no, poor person and the priest are one time, the poor person and people are not the same.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:13
וְעָנִי וְכֹהֵן חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא? וּרְמִינְהוּ: מֵאֵימָתַי מַתְחִילִין לִקְרוֹת שְׁמַע בָּעֲרָבִין — מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁקָּדַשׁ הַיּוֹם בְּעַרְבֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים מְטוֹהָרִים לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים טוֹבְלִין לֶאֱכוֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וַהֲלֹא כֹּהֲנִים מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם הֵם טוֹבְלִים? רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אוֹמֵר מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁעָנִי נִכְנָס לֶאֱכוֹל פִּתּוֹ בְּמֶלַח. רַבִּי אַחַאי וְאָמְרִי לַהּ רַבִּי אַחָא אוֹמֵר: מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁרוֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִין לְהָסֵב.
And is the time of the poor person and the priest the same? raises a contradiction From when does one begin to recite evening From the time when the day becomes sanctified on the eve of Shabbat, this is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Yehoshua, says: From the time when the priests are eligible to partake of their teruma. Rabbi Meir says: from when the priests immerse themselves in order to partake of their teruma. Rabbi Yehuda said to Do the priests not immerse themselves during the day, Rabbi Ḥanina says when the poor person enters to eat his bread with salt. Rabbi Aḥai, and some say Rabbi Aḥa, says: From the time when most people enter to recline
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:14
וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ עָנִי וְכֹהֵן חַד שִׁעוּרָא הוּא, רַבִּי חֲנִינָא הַיְינוּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ!
if you say the time of the poor person and the priest are one time, Rabbi Ḥanina is Rabbi Yehoshua.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:15
אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ שִׁעוּרָא דְּעָנִי לְחוּד וְשִׁעוּרָא דְּכֹהֵן לְחוּד, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
Rather, must not conclude from this the time for poor person is separate and the time for priest is separate? conclude from this.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:16
הֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ מְאוּחָר? מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּעָנִי מְאוּחָר דְּאִי אָמְרַתְּ דְּעָנִי מוּקְדָּם רַבִּי חֲנִינָא הַיְינוּ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ דְּעָנִי מְאוּחָר. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
which one is later? it is reasonable the poor person is later. As if you say the poor person is earlier, Rabbi Ḥanina is Rabbi Eliezer. Rather, must not conclude from this that the poor person is later? conclude from this.
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:17
אָמַר מָר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וַהֲלֹא כֹּהֲנִים מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם הֵם טוֹבְלִים!
the Master said Rabbi Yehuda said Do the priests not immerse themselves during the day?
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:18
שַׁפִּיר קָאָמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר?
What Rabbi Yehuda said to Rabbi Meir seems correct,
Talmud
Berakhot.2b:19
וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר הָכִי קָאָמַר לֵיהּ: מִי סָבְרַתְּ דַּאֲנָא אַבֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת דִּידָךְ קָא אָמֵינָא? אֲנָא אַבֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי קָא אָמֵינָא, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּין הַשְּׁמָשׁוֹת כְּהֶרֶף עַיִן, זֶה — נִכְנָס, וְזֶה — יוֹצֵא, וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲמוֹד עָלָיו.
Rabbi Meir said as follows Do you maintain that I am speaking of your twilight? I am speaking of Rabbi Yosei’s twilight, as Rabbi Yosei said: Twilight is like the blink of an eye; begins and ends and it is impossible to quantify.
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:1
קַשְׁיָא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר אַדְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר! תְּרֵי תַּנָּאֵי אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר.
Rabbi Meir contradict Rabbi Meir Two tanna’im, in accordance with Rabbi Meir’s
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:2
קַשְׁיָא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אַדְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר!
of Rabbi Eliezer contradicts of Rabbi Eliezer
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:3
תְּרֵי תַּנָּאֵי אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: רֵישָׁא לָאו רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר הִיא.
two in accordance with Rabbi Eliezer’s or if you wish, say the first clause is not Rabbi Eliezer’s
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:4
עַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמוּרָה.
until the end of the first watch.
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:5
מַאי קָסָבַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר? אִי קָסָבַר שָׁלֹשׁ מִשְׁמָרוֹת הָוֵי הַלַּיְלָה, לֵימָא ״עַד אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת״. וְאִי קָסָבַר אַרְבַּע מִשְׁמָרוֹת הָוֵי הַלַּיְלָה, לֵימָא ״עַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת״!
What does Rabbi Eliezer hold? If he holds that the night consists of three watches, let him say until the fourth hour. If he holds that the night consists of four watches, let him say until the third hour.
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:6
לְעוֹלָם קָסָבַר שָׁלֹשׁ מִשְׁמָרוֹת הָוֵי הַלַּיְלָה, וְהָא קָמַשְׁמַע לָן: דְּאִיכָּא מִשְׁמָרוֹת בָּרָקִיעַ וְאִיכָּא מִשְׁמָרוֹת בְּאַרְעָא. דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: שָׁלֹשׁ מִשְׁמָרוֹת הָוֵי הַלַּיְלָה, וְעַל כָּל מִשְׁמָר וּמִשְׁמָר יוֹשֵׁב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְשׁוֹאֵג כָּאֲרִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״ה׳ מִמָּרוֹם יִשְׁאָג, וּמִמְּעוֹן קָדְשׁוֹ יִתֵּן קוֹלוֹ שָׁאֹג יִשְׁאַג עַל נָוֵהוּ״.
Actually, holds that the night consists of three watches, in order to teach us: There are watches in heaven and there are watches on earth; As it was taught Rabbi Eliezer says: The night consists of three watches, and over each and every watch, the Holy One, Blessed be He, sits and roars like a lion as it is stated: “The Lord roars [yishag] from on high, from His holy dwelling He makes His voice heard. He roars mightily shaog yishag over His dwelling place,
Talmud
Berakhot.3a:7
וְסִימָן לַדָּבָר: מִשְׁמָרָה רִאשׁוֹנָה חֲמוֹר נוֹעֵר, שְׁנִיָּה כְּלָבִים צוֹעֲקִים, שְׁלִישִׁית, תִּינוֹק יוֹנֵק מִשְּׁדֵי אִמּוֹ, וְאִשָּׁה מְסַפֶּרֶת עִם בַּעֲלָהּ.
And signs of these the first watch, the donkey brays; the second, dogs bark; the third a baby nurses from its mother’s breast and a wife converses with her husband.
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:1
מַתְנִי׳ אוֹר לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ לְאוֹר הַנֵּר. כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין מַכְנִיסִין בּוֹ חָמֵץ, אֵין צָרִיךְ בְּדִיקָה. וּבַמָּה אָמְרוּ ״שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת בַּמַּרְתֵּף״ — מָקוֹם שֶׁמַּכְנִיסִין בּוֹ חָמֵץ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת עַל פְּנֵי כׇּל הַמַּרְתֵּף, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת הַחִיצוֹנוֹת שֶׁהֵן הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת.
On the evening [or] of the fourteenth one searches for leavened bread by candlelight. Any place into which one does not take leavened bread does not require a search, And with regard to what said two rows in a cellar, a place into which one takes leavened bread, Beit Shammai say two rows across the entire cellar, and Beit Hillel say: the two external rows, which are the upper ones.
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:2
גְּמָ׳ מַאי ״אוֹר״? רַב הוּנָא אָמַר: נַגְהֵי, וְרַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר: לֵילֵי. קָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ דְּמַאן דְּאָמַר נַגְהֵי — נַגְהֵי מַמָּשׁ, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר לֵילֵי — לֵילֵי מַמָּשׁ.
What is or, Rav Huna said: light, and Rav Yehuda said: evening. it enter your mind the one who said light actual light and the one who said evening actual evening
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:3
מֵיתִיבִי: ״הַבֹּקֶר אוֹר וְהָאֲנָשִׁים שֻׁלְּחוּ״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! מִי כְּתִיב ״הָאוֹר בֹּקֶר״? ״הַבֹּקֶר אוֹר״ כְּתִיב, כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר: צַפְרָא נְהַר, וְכִדְרַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב. דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: לְעוֹלָם יִכָּנֵס אָדָם בְּכִי טוֹב, וְיֵצֵא בְּכִי טוֹב.
raises an objection “As soon as the morning was or, the men were sent away, Apparently, or is day. Is it written: The light was morning? “The morning was light” is written. as the one who said: morning lightened. And in accordance with Rav Yehuda said Rav said, as Rav Yehuda said Rav said: A person always enter with “it is good” And he leave with “it is good,”
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:4
מֵיתִיבִי: ״וּכְאוֹר בֹּקֶר יִזְרַח שָׁמֶשׁ״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! מִי כְּתִיב ״אוֹר בֹּקֶר״? ״וּכְאוֹר בֹּקֶר״ כְּתִיב, וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: וּכְאוֹר בֹּקֶר בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, כְּעֵין זְרִיחַת שֶׁמֶשׁ לַצַּדִּיקִים לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא.
raises an objection “And as the light [or] of the morning, when the sun rises, Apparently, or is day. Is it written the light was morning? “As the light of the morning” is written, and this is is saying: And as the morning light of this world so will be the rising of the sun for the righteous in the World-to-Come,
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:5
מֵיתִיבִי: ״וַיִּקְרָא אֱלֹהִים לָאוֹר יוֹם״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! הָכִי קָאָמַר: לַמֵּאִיר וּבָא קְרָאוֹ יוֹם. אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, ״וְלַחֹשֶׁךְ קָרָא לָיְלָה״ — לַמַּחְשִׁיךְ וּבָא קָרָא לַיְלָה?! וְהָא קַיְימָא לַן דְּעַד צֵאת הַכּוֹכָבִים יְמָמָא הוּא!
raises an objection: “And God called the or Day, Apparently, or is day. This is is saying: called the advancing light Day. However, if is so, “and the darkness He called Night,” He called the advancing darkness Night, as we maintain it is day until the emergence of the stars.
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:6
אֶלָּא, הָכִי קָאָמַר: קַרְיֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לִנְהוֹרָא וּפַקְּדֵיהּ אַמִּצְוְתָא דִימָמָא, וְקַרְיֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לַחֲשׁוֹכָא וּפַקְּדֵיהּ אַמִּצְוְתָא דְלֵילָה.
Rather, this is what is saying: God called the light and commanded it the mitzva of the day, and God called the darkness and commanded it the mitzva of the night.
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:7
מֵיתִיבִי: ״הַלְלוּהוּ כׇּל כּוֹכְבֵי אוֹר״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא. הָכִי קָאָמַר: הַלְלוּהוּ כׇּל כּוֹכָבִים הַמְּאִירִים. אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, כּוֹכָבִים הַמְּאִירִים הוּא דְּבָעוּ שַׁבּוֹחֵי, שֶׁאֵינָן מְאִירִין לָא בָּעוּ שַׁבּוֹחֵי?! וְהָא כְּתִיב: ״הַלְלוּהוּ כָּל צְבָאָיו״!
raises an objection: praise Him, all the stars of or” Apparently, or is evening, This is is saying: Praise Him, all the stars that radiate, However, if is so, it is stars that radiate that are required to praise that do not radiate are not required to praise But isn’t it written “Praise Him, all His legions,”
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:8
אֶלָּא הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן — דְּאוֹר דְּכוֹכָבִים נָמֵי אוֹר הוּא. לְמַאי נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ? לְנוֹדֵר מִן הָאוֹר. (דִּתְנַן:) הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הָאוֹר — אָסוּר בְּאוֹרָן שֶׁל כּוֹכָבִים.
Rather, this teach us that the light of stars is also light. What practical difference to one who vows from light. As we learned one who vows from light, it is prohibited to the light of stars.
Talmud
Pesachim.2a:9
מֵיתִיבִי: ״לָאוֹר יָקוּם רוֹצֵחַ יִקְטׇל עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן וּבַלַּיְלָה יְהִי כַגַּנָּב״,
raises an objection: “A murderer rises with the or to kill the poor and needy; and in the night he is as a thief”
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:1
הָא מִדְּקָאָמַר ״וּבַלַּיְלָה יְהִי כַגַּנָּב״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! הָתָם הָכִי קָאָמַר: אִי פְּשִׁיטָא לָךְ מִילְּתָא כִּנְהוֹרָא דְּאַנְּפָשׁוֹת קָאָתֵי — רוֹצֵחַ הוּא, וְנִיתָּן לְהַצִּילוֹ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ. וְאִי מְסַפְּקָא לָךְ מִילְּתָא כְּלֵילְיָא — יְהִי בְּעֵינֶיךָ כְּגַנָּב, וְלֹא נִיתָּן לְהַצִּילוֹ בְּנַפְשׁוֹ.
From that states: “And in the night he is as a thief,” apparently or is day, There, this is is saying: If matter is as clear to you as light, that come a life, is a murderer; and may save himself by life And if the matter is as unclear to you as the night, he should be than a thief in your eyes one may not save himself by life
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:2
מֵיתִיבִי: ״יֶחְשְׁכוּ כּוֹכְבֵי נִשְׁפּוֹ יְקַו לְאוֹר וָאַיִן וְאַל יִרְאֶה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי שָׁחַר״, מִדְּקָאָמַר ״יְקַו לְאוֹר וָאַיִן״ אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! הָתָם מֵילָט הוּא דְּקָא לָיֵיט לֵיהּ אִיּוֹב לְמַזָּלֵיהּ, אָמַר: יְהֵא רַעֲוָא דְּלִיצְפֵּיהּ הָךְ גַּבְרָא לִנְהוֹרָא, וְלָא לַישְׁכְּחֵיהּ.
raises an objection “Let the stars of the twilight be dark; let it look for or but have none; neither let it see the eyelids of the morning” From that states: “Let it look for or but have none,” apparently or is day. There, Job is cursing his fortune. He said: Let it be will that this man, will seek light and not find it.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:3
מֵיתִיבִי: ״וָאוֹמַר אַךְ חֹשֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵנִי וְלַיְלָה אוֹר בַּעֲדֵנִי״, אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ יְמָמָא הוּא! הָתָם, הָכִי קָאָמַר דָּוִד: אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי אַךְ חֹשֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵנִי לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא שֶׁהוּא דּוֹמֶה לְיוֹם, עַכְשָׁיו, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה שֶׁהוּא דּוֹמֶה לְלַיְלָה — אוֹר בַּעֲדֵנִי.
raises an objection: “And I say, yet the darkness shall envelop me, and the or about me shall be night” Apparently, or is day. This is David is saying there: I said darkness shall envelop me in the World-to-Come, which is like day. Now this world, which is like darkness, light for me.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:4
מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: בּוֹדְקִין אוֹר (לְאַרְבָּעָה) עָשָׂר וּבְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר שַׁחֲרִית וּבִשְׁעַת הַבִּיעוּר. מִדְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: בּוֹדְקִין אוֹר אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר וּבְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר שַׁחֲרִית, אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
raises an objection Rabbi Yehuda says: One searches or of the fourteenth on the fourteenth morning, and at the time of removal From that Rabbi Yehuda says one searches or of the fourteenth and on the fourteenth morning, apparently or is evening. learn from it
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:5
מֵיתִיבִי: מֵאֵימָתַי אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר אָסוּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מְלָאכָה? רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: מִשְּׁעַת הָאוֹר, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: מִשְּׁעַת הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה.
raises an objection From when the fourteenth is prohibited to perform labor, Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: From the time of or. Rabbi Yehuda says: From sunrise.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:6
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וְכִי הֵיכָן מָצִינוּ יוֹם שֶׁמִּקְצָתוֹ אָסוּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מְלָאכָה וּמִקְצָתוֹ מוּתָּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מְלָאכָה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוּא עַצְמוֹ יוֹכִיחַ, שֶׁמִּקְצָתוֹ מוּתָּר בַּאֲכִילַת חָמֵץ וּמִקְצָתוֹ אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילַת חָמֵץ.
Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov said to Rabbi Yehuda: And where have we found a day, part of which the performance of labor prohibited, and part of which the performance of labor permitted? He said to him: itself prove as part of it, the eating of leavened bread permitted, and part of it the eating of leavened bread prohibited.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:7
מִדְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מִשְּׁעַת הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ דְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב — אוּרְתָּא הוּא! לָא, מַאי ״אוֹר״ — עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר.
From that Rabbi Yehuda says from sunrise, apparently or that Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov is saying, is evening. No, What is or? dawn.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:8
אִי הָכִי, דְּקָאָמַר לֵיהּ: הֵיכָן מָצִינוּ יוֹם שֶׁמִּקְצָתוֹ מוּתָּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מְלָאכָה וּמִקְצָתוֹ אָסוּר בַּעֲשִׂיַּית מְלָאכָה, נֵימָא אִיהוּ לְנַפְשֵׁיהּ: הָא אִיכָּא לַיְלָה, דְּקָא שָׁרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב!
If so, which said to Where have we found a day, part of which the performance of labor prohibited, and part of which the performance of labor permitted? Let him say to himself: Isn’t there night, which Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov permits
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:9
הָכִי קָאָמַר: בִּשְׁלָמָא לְדִידִי, אַשְׁכַּחְנָא דְּקָא פָּלְגִי רַבָּנַן בֵּין יְמָמָא לְלֵילְיָא. (דִּתְנַן) גַּבֵּי תַּעֲנִית צִבּוּר: עַד מָתַי אוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה — עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: עַד קְרוֹת הַגֶּבֶר. אֶלָּא לְדִידָךְ, הֵיכָא אַשְׁכַּחְנָא יְמָמָא גּוּפֵיהּ דְּפָלְגִי בֵּיהּ רַבָּנַן!
This is is saying: Granted, to my I find which the Sages distinguished between day and night, as we learned with regard to communal fast: Until when one eat and drink until dawn; the statement of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov. Rabbi Shimon says: until the call of the rooster, However, according to your where do we find the Sages divided the day itself?
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:10
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוּא עַצְמוֹ יוֹכִיחַ, שֶׁמִּקְצָתוֹ מוּתָּר בַּאֲכִילַת חָמֵץ וּמִקְצָתוֹ אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילַת חָמֵץ. שַׁפִּיר קָאָמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר? הָכִי קָאָמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: אָמֵינָא לָךְ אֲנָא מְלָאכָה דְּרַבָּנַן וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ לִי חָמֵץ דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא?! דְּעַד הָכָא אֲסַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְעַד הָכָא שְׁרָא רַחֲמָנָא.
said to itself can prove as part of it, the eating of leavened bread permitted, and part of it the eating of leavened bread prohibited. Rabbi Yehuda has spoken well to Rabbi Eliezer; this is Rabbi Eliezer is saying to him I said to you labor, by rabbinic law, and you said to me leavened bread, which is by Torah law. that until this God prohibited and until that God permitted
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:11
וְאִידַּךְ? שָׁעוֹת דְּרַבָּנַן.
And the other hours by rabbinic law.
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:12
וְאִידַּךְ? הַרְחָקָה הוּא דַּעֲבוּד רַבָּנַן לִדְאוֹרָיְיתָא.
And the other the Sages established a preventive measure for a Torah law,
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:13
מֵיתִיבִי: אֵין מַשִּׂיאִין מַשּׂוּאוֹת אֶלָּא עַל הַחֹדֶשׁ שֶׁנִּרְאָה בִּזְמַנּוֹ, לְקַדְּשׁוֹ. וְאֵימָתַי מַשִּׂיאִין מַשּׂוּאוֹת — לְאוֹר עִבּוּרוֹ. אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
raises an objection: kindle torches only for a month that appeared at its time, to sanctify it And when do kindle torches? or of its additional Apparently, or is evening, learn from it
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:14
מֵיתִיבִי: הָיָה עוֹמֵד כׇּל הַלַּיְלָה וּמַקְרִיב עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, לָאוֹרָה טָעוּן קִידּוּשׁ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי. ״אוֹרָה״ שָׁאנֵי.
raises an objection: was standing all night and sacrificing on the altar, in the ora required sanctify his hands and feet the statement of Rabbi ora is different,
Talmud
Pesachim.2b:15
מֵיתִיבִי מָר זוּטְרָא:
Mar Zutra raises an objection
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:1
הַמַּפֶּלֶת אוֹר לִשְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין מִקׇּרְבָּן, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּיבִים.
a woman who miscarries or of the eighty-first Beit Shammai exempt from offering, And Beit Hillel obligate
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:2
אָמְרוּ (לָהֶן) בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי: מַאי שְׁנָא אוֹר שְׁמֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִיּוֹם שְׁמֹנִים וְאֶחָד? אִם שִׁיוָּה לוֹ לְטוּמְאָה — לֹא יִשְׁוֶה לוֹ לְקׇרְבָּן? מִדְּקָאָמַר בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי: מַאי שְׁנָא אוֹר שְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד מִיּוֹם שְׁמוֹנִים וְאֶחָד, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: What is different or of the eighty-first and the day of the eighty-first? If they are equal to ritual impurity, will not be equal to the offering from that Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: What is different or of the eighty-first and the day of the eighty-first, learn from it that or is night. learn from it
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:3
מֵיתִיבִי: יָכוֹל יְהֵא נֶאֱכָל אוֹר לַשְּׁלִישִׁי, וְדִין הוּא: זְבָחִים נֶאֱכָלִים לְיוֹם אֶחָד, וּשְׁלָמִים נֶאֱכָלִים לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים. מָה לְהַלָּן — לַיְלָה אַחַר הַיּוֹם, אַף כָּאן — לַיְלָה אַחַר הַיּוֹם!
raises an objection might may be eaten or of the third And a logical derivation offerings, are eaten for one day, and peace-offerings are eaten for two days. Just as there, night follows the day, so too here, night follows the day,
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:4
תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בְּיוֹם זִבְחֲכֶם יֵאָכֵל וּמִמׇּחֳרָת וְהַנּוֹתָר עַד יוֹם״ — בְּעוֹד יוֹם הוּא נֶאֱכָל, וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל לְאוֹר שְׁלִישִׁי.
the verse states: It shall be eaten the same day you sacrifice it, and on the next day; and if any remains until the day, it be eaten while it is still day, and it not be eaten or of the third
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:5
יָכוֹל יִשָּׂרֵף מִיָּד, וְדִין הוּא: זְבָחִים נֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, וּשְׁלָמִים נֶאֱכָלִין לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, מָה לְהַלָּן — תֵּיכֶף לַאֲכִילָה שְׂרֵיפָה, אַף כָּאן — תֵּיכֶף לַאֲכִילָה שְׂרֵיפָה.
might be burned immediately and this a logical derivation: offerings are eaten for one day and night, and peace-offerings are eaten for two days and one night. Just as there, burned immediately for eating so too here, burned immediately after eating
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:6
תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְהַנּוֹתָר מִבְּשַׂר הַזֶּבַח בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בָּאֵשׁ יִשָּׂרֵף״ — בַּיּוֹם אַתָּה (שׂוֹרֵף), וְאִי אַתָּה שׂוֹרְפוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה. מִדְּקָאָמַר ״יְהֵא נֶאֱכָל אוֹר לַשְּׁלִישִׁי״ — אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
the verse states: “And if any remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day, it shall be burnt with fire” You burn it during the day, and you do not burn it at night. from that states: it may be eaten or of the third apparently or is evening. learn from it
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:7
תָּא שְׁמַע: אוֹר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה. שַׁחֲרִית, מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה. בְּמוּסָף, מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה. בְּמִנְחָה, מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁבַע וּמִתְוַדֶּה. בְּעַרְבִית, מִתְפַּלֵּל מֵעֵין שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם אֲבוֹתָיו: מִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר שְׁלֵימוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לוֹמַר הַבְדָּלָה בְּחוֹנֵן הַדָּעַת. אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא! שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
Come hear or of Yom Kippur, one recites seven and confesses the morning prayer, one recites seven and confesses; in the additional prayer, one recites seven and confesses; in the afternoon prayer, one recites seven and confesses; in the evening one recites abridged eighteen Rabbi Ḥanina ben Gamliel says in the name of his forefathers: One recites the eighteen complete due to he is required to recite havdala in Apparently, or is evening. learn from it
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:8
תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתָנֵי דְּבֵי שְׁמוּאֵל: לֵילֵי אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר בּוֹדְקִין אֶת הֶחָמֵץ לְאוֹר הַנֵּר. אַלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא.
Come hear as it was taught the school of Shmuel: On the evening of the fourteenth one searches for leavened bread by candlelight. Apparently, or is evening,
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:9
אֶלָּא: בֵּין רַב הוּנָא וּבֵין רַב יְהוּדָה דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא, וְלָא פְּלִיגִי, מָר כִּי אַתְרֵיהּ וּמָר כִּי אַתְרֵיהּ. בְּאַתְרֵיהּ דְּרַב הוּנָא קָרוּ ״נַגְהֵי״, וּבְאַתְרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה קָרוּ ״לֵילֵי״.
Rather, as everyone, both Rav Huna and Rav Yehuda, agrees or is evening, and they do not disagree Master in accordance with his place, and Master in accordance with his place. In Rav Huna’s place, they call light, and in Rav Yehuda’s place they call it night,
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:10
וְתַנָּא דִּידַן מַאי טַעְמָא לָא קָתָנֵי ״לֵילֵי״? לִישָּׁנָא מְעַלְּיָא הוּא דְּנָקֵט. וְכִדְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: לְעוֹלָם אַל יוֹצִיא אָדָם דָּבָר מְגוּנֶּה מִפִּיו, שֶׁהֲרֵי עִקֵּם הַכָּתוּב שְׁמוֹנֶה אוֹתִיּוֹת, וְלֹא הוֹצִיא דָּבָר מְגוּנֶּה מִפִּיו. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״מִן הַבְּהֵמָה הַטְּהוֹרָה וּמִן הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר אֵינֶנָּה טְהֹרָה״.
And the tanna our what is the reason didn’t teach: The night He employed a euphemism. And in accordance with Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi. As Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: A person should never express a crude matter, as the a verse distorted eight letters rather than express a crude matter, as it is stated: “From the pure animals and from the animals that are not pure [asher einena tehora]”
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:11
רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר: תֵּשַׁע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי יִהְיֶה בְךָ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִהְיֶה טָהוֹר מִקְּרֵה לָיְלָה״. רָבִינָא אָמַר: עֶשֶׂר, וָיו דְּ״טָהוֹר״. רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב אָמַר: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אָמַר מִקְרֶה הוּא בִּלְתִּי טָהוֹר הוּא כִּי לֹא טָהוֹר״.
Rav Pappa said: nine as it is stated: “If there be among you any man who is not ritually pure [asher lo yihye tahor] by reason of that which happened to him by night” Ravina said: ten vav of tahor, Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said: sixteen as it is stated: “For he said, something has happened to him, he is not ritually pure; surely he is not ritually pure [bilti tahor hu ki lo tahor]”
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:12
תַּנְיָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: לְעוֹלָם יְסַפֵּר אָדָם בְּלָשׁוֹן נְקִיָּה, שֶׁהֲרֵי בַּזָּב קְרָאוֹ ״מֶרְכָּב״, וּבָאִשָּׁה קְרָאוֹ ״מוֹשָׁב״. וְאוֹמֵר: ״וְתִבְחַר לְשׁוֹן עֲרוּמִים״. וְאוֹמֵר: ״וְדַעַת שְׂפָתַי בָּרוּר מִלֵּלוּ״.
was taught the school of Rabbi Yishmael: A person should always converse euphemistically, as a zav calls riding. And of a woman, calls sitting. And it says “And you choose the language of the crafty” And it says and that which my lips know they shall speak sincerely”
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:13
מַאי ״וְאוֹמֵר״? וְכִי תֵּימָא: הָנֵי מִילֵּי בִּדְאוֹרָיְיתָא, אֲבָל בִּדְרַבָּנַן לָא — תָּא שְׁמַע: וְאוֹמֵר ״וְתִבְחַר לְשׁוֹן עֲרוּמִים״. וְכִי תֵּימָא: הָנֵי מִילֵּי בִּדְרַבָּנַן, אֲבָל בְּמִילֵּי דְעָלְמָא לָא — וְאוֹמֵר ״וְדַעַת שְׂפָתַי בָּרוּר מִלֵּלוּ״.
What is And it says? lest you say: This applies only in the Torah, but in rabbinic no, come hear: And it says: “And you choose the language of the crafty,” And lest you say that this applies only to rabbinic but to ordinary speech, no, And it says: “And that which my lips know they shall speak sincerely,”
Talmud
Pesachim.3a:14
וּבְאִשָּׁה לָא כְּתִיב בָּהּ ״מֶרְכָּב״?! וְהָכְתִיב: ״וַתָּקׇם רִבְקָה וְנַעֲרֹתֶיהָ וַתִּרְכַּבְנָה עַל הַגְּמַלִּים״! הָתָם, מִשּׁוּם בִּיעֲתוּתָא דִגְמַלִּים — אוֹרְחָא הִיא. וְהָכְתִיב: ״וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו וַיַּרְכִּיבֵם עַל הַחֲמֹר״! הָתָם,
And with regard to a woman, is riding not written But isn’t it written: “And Rebecca and her damsels arose and they rode upon camels” There, due to fear of camels, that is standard conduct. But isn’t it written: “And Moses took his wife and his children and rode them upon his donkey” There,
Talmud
Pesachim.3b:1
מִשּׁוּם בָּנָיו — אוֹרְחָא הוּא.
due to his children, it is standard practice
Talmud
Pesachim.3b:2
וְהָכְתִיב: ״וְהִיא רֹכֶבֶת עַל הַחֲמוֹר״! הָתָם, מִשּׁוּם בִּיעֲתוּתָא דְלֵילְיָא — אוֹרְחָא הוּא. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: מִשּׁוּם בִּיעֲתוּתָא דְלֵילְיָא — לֵיכָּא, מִשּׁוּם בִּיעֲתוּתָא דְּדָוִד — אִיכָּא. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: בִּיעֲתוּתָא דְּדָוִד — נָמֵי לֵיכָּא, מִשּׁוּם בִּיעֲתוּתָא דְהַר — אִיכָּא.
But isn’t it written as she rode on her donkey There, due to the fear of the night, it is standard practice And if you wish, say There is no due to the fear of the night there is due to fear of David. And if you wish, say There is no due to fear of David either; there is due to the fear of the mountain.
Talmud
Yoma.2a:1
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים קוֹדֶם יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מַפְרִישִׁין כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל מִבֵּיתוֹ לְלִשְׁכַּת פַּרְהֶדְרִין. וּמַתְקִינִין לוֹ כֹּהֵן אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו שֶׁמָּא יֶאֱרַע בּוֹ פְּסוּל.
Seven days prior to Yom Kippur remove the High Priest, from his house to the Chamber of Parhedrin, And they would designate another priest in his stead lest a disqualification
Talmud
Yoma.2a:2
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף אִשָּׁה אַחֶרֶת מַתְקִינִין לוֹ, שֶׁמָּא תָּמוּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ״, ״בֵּיתוֹ״ — זוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אִם כֵּן, אֵין לַדָּבָר סוֹף.
Rabbi Yehuda says: even designate another wife for him lest his wife die, as it is stated “And it will atone for him and for his house” His house, that is his wife. The Rabbis said If so, there is no end to the matter,
Talmud
Yoma.2a:3
גְּמָ׳ תְּנַן הָתָם: שִׁבְעַת יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׂרֵיפַת הַפָּרָה הָיוּ מַפְרִישִׁין כֹּהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה מִבֵּיתוֹ לַלִּשְׁכָּה שֶׁעַל פְּנֵי הַבִּירָה צָפוֹנָה מִזְרָחָה, וְלִשְׁכַּת בֵּית הָאֶבֶן הָיְתָה נִקְרֵאת. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ לִשְׁכַּת בֵּית הָאֶבֶן — שֶׁכׇּל מַעֲשֶׂיהָ בִּכְלֵי גְלָלִים, בִּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים, וּבִכְלֵי אֲדָמָה.
we learned there, Seven days prior to the burning of the heifer, would remove the priest who burns the heifer from his house to the chamber that was before the bira northeast was called the Chamber of the Stone House. And why was it called the Chamber of the Stone House? because all the actions in dung vessels, stone vessels, and earth vessels,
Talmud
Yoma.2a:4
מַאי טַעְמָא? כֵּיוָן דִּטְבוּל יוֹם כָּשֵׁר בַּפָּרָה, דִּתְנַן: מְטַמְּאִין הָיוּ הַכֹּהֵן הַשּׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפָּרָה וּמַטְבִּילִין אוֹתוֹ, לְהוֹצִיא מִלִּבָּן שֶׁל צַדּוּקִין, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: בִּמְעוֹרְבֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ הָיְתָה נַעֲשֵׂית.
What is the reason since immersed that day is fit heifer as we learned They would render the priest who burns the heifer ritually impure and immerse him to remove from the hearts of the Sadducees As would say: Only those for whom the sun set was performed.
Talmud
Yoma.2a:5
תַּקִּינוּ לַהּ רַבָּנַן: כְּלֵי גְלָלִים, כְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, וּכְלֵי אֲדָמָה — דְּלָא לִיקַבְּלוּ טוּמְאָה, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלָא לִיזַלְזְלוּ בַּהּ.
the Sages instituted dung vessels, stone vessels, and earth vessels, which do not become ritually impure, lest people to treat with contempt
Talmud
Yoma.2a:6
מַאי שְׁנָא צָפוֹנָה מִזְרָחָה? כֵּיוָן דְּחַטָּאת הִיא, וְחַטָּאת טְעוּנָה צָפוֹנָה. וּכְתִיב בָּהּ: ״אֶל נֹכַח פְּנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד״ — תַּקִּינוּ לַהּ רַבָּנַן לִשְׁכָּה צָפוֹנָה מִזְרָחָה, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֶהֱוֵי לַהּ הֶיכֵּירָא.
What is different about northeast since it is a sin-offering, a sin-offering north and it is written with regard to before the opening of the Tent of Meeting” the established a chamber in the northeast that will have a distinctive indicator;
Talmud
Yoma.2a:7
מַאי ״בִּירָה״? אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מָקוֹם הָיָה בְּהַר הַבַּיִת וּ״בִירָה״ שְׁמוֹ. וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: כׇּל הַמִּקְדָּשׁ כּוּלּוֹ קָרוּי ״בִּירָה״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הַבִּירָה אֲשֶׁר הֲכִינוֹתִי״.
What is bira Rabba bar bar Ḥana said Rabbi Yoḥanan said: There was a place on the Temple Mount and its name is bira, And Reish Lakish said: The entire Temple is called bira, as it is stated the bira for which I have made provision”
Talmud
Yoma.2a:8
מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַב מִנְיוֹמֵי בַּר חִלְקִיָּה אָמַר רַבִּי מַחְסֵיָא בַּר אִידִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, אָמַר קְרָא: ״כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה צִוָּה ה׳ לַעֲשׂוֹת לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם״. ״לַעֲשׂוֹת״ — אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂי פָרָה, ״לְכַפֵּר״ — אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים.
From where are these matters Rav Minyomi bar Ḥilkiya said Rabbi Maḥseya bar Idi said Rabbi Yoḥanan said as the verse states: “As has been done this day, so the Lord has commanded to do, to make atonement for you” “To do”; these are the actions the heifer “to make atonement”; these are the actions Yom Kippur,
Talmud
Yoma.2a:9
בִּשְׁלָמָא, כּוּלֵּיהּ קְרָא בְּפָרָה לֹא מִתּוֹקַם — ״לְכַפֵּר״ כְּתִיב, וּפָרָה לָאו בַּת כַּפָּרָה הִיא. אֶלָּא, אֵימָא כּוּלֵּיהּ קְרָא בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּתִיב!
Granted, the entire verse is not established as referring to heifer, “To atone,” is written, and the heifer is not capable of atonement; Rather, say the entire verse is written with regard to Yom Kippur,
Talmud
Yoma.2a:10
אָמְרִי: יָלֵיף ״צִוָּה״ ״צִוָּה״. כְּתִיב הָכָא: ״צִוָּה ה׳ לַעֲשׂוֹת״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם: ״זֹאת חֻקַּת הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ לֵאמֹר״. מָה לְהַלָּן פָּרָה, אַף כָּאן פָּרָה. וּמָה כָּאן פְּרִישָׁה, אַף לְהַלָּן פְּרִישָׁה.
say Derive commanded commanded. It is stated here, “The Lord commanded to do,” and it is stated there, “This is the statute of the Torah that the Lord commanded, saying” Just as there to the heifer, so too here, to the heifer. And just as here, sequestering so too there, sequestering
Talmud
Yoma.2b:1
וְאֵימָא, ״צִוָּה״ [״צִוָּה״] דְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיַּעַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ אֶת מֹשֶׁה״? דָּנִין ״צִוָּה״ דְּלִפְנֵי עֲשִׂיָּה מִ״צִּוָּה״ דְּלִפְנֵי עֲשִׂיָּה, וְאֵין דָּנִין ״צִוָּה״ דִּלְאַחַר עֲשִׂיָּה מִ״צִּוָּה״ דְּלִפְנֵי עֲשִׂיָּה.
And say commanded commanded of Yom Kippur, as it is written: and he did as the Lord commanded Moses” One derives commanded that is before performance, from commanded that is before performance and one does not derive commanded that is after performance from commanded that is before performance.
Talmud
Yoma.2b:2
וְאֵימָא ״צִוָּה״ דְּקׇרְבָּנוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּיוֹם צַוֹּתוֹ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״? דָּנִין ״צִוָּה״ מִ״צִּוָּה״ וְאֵין דָּנִין ״צַוֹּתוֹ״ מִ״צִּוָּה״.
And say commanded offerings, as it is written: “On the day that He commanded [tzavoto] the children of Israel One derives commanded from commanded, and one does not derive that he commanded [tzavoto] from commanded [tziva].
Talmud
Yoma.2b:3
וּמַאי נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ? וְהָתָנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: ״וְשָׁב הַכֹּהֵן״ ״וּבָא הַכֹּהֵן״, זוֹ הִיא ״שִׁיבָה״, זוֹ הִיא ״בִּיאָה״!
What is the practical difference Didn’t the school of Rabbi Yishmael teach “And the priest shall return [veshav]” “And the priest shall come [uva]” this is returning, this is coming,
Talmud
Yoma.2b:4
הָנֵי מִילֵּי, הֵיכָא דְּלֵיכָּא דְּדָמֵי לֵיהּ. אֲבָל הֵיכָא דְּאִיכָּא דְּדָמֵי לֵיהּ — מִדְּדָמֵי לֵיהּ יָלְפִינַן.
This applies where there are no that are identical to it; however, where there are terms that are identical to it, we derive from that are identical to it,
Talmud
Yoma.2b:5
״לְכַפֵּר״ אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂה יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְאֵימָא כַּפָּרָה דְּקׇרְבָּנוֹת!
“to make atonement,” These are the actions Yom Kippur. And say the atonement of offerings
Talmud
Yoma.2b:6
מִי יָדְעִינַן הֵי כֹּהֵן מִתְרְמֵי, דְּבָעֵי לֵיהּ פְּרִישָׁה? אָמְרִי, אַלְּמָה לָא?! נִיבְעֵי לֵיהּ פְּרִישָׁה לְכוּלֵּיהּ מִשְׁמֶרֶת בֵּית אָב! דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁקָּבוּעַ לוֹ זְמַן מִדָּבָר שֶׁקָּבוּעַ לוֹ זְמַן, לְאַפּוֹקֵי קׇרְבָּנוֹת, דְּכׇל יוֹמָא אִיתַנְהוּ.
Do we know which priest will happen who require sequestering? say: Why not? We could require sequestering for the entire patrilineal family of the watch We derive a matter that has a fixed time from a matter that has a fixed time, to the exclusion of offerings that are every day.
Talmud
Yoma.2b:7
וְאֵימָא רְגָלִים! דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁנּוֹהֵג פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה מִדָּבָר הַנּוֹהֵג פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה, לְאַפּוֹקֵי רְגָלִים, דְּלָאו פַּעַם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה נִינְהוּ.
And say Festivals, We derive a matter that is performed once a year, from a matter that is performed once a year, to the exclusion of Festivals, which is not once a year;
Talmud
Yoma.2b:8
וְאֵימָא רֶגֶל אֶחָד! וְכִי תֵּימָא: לָא יָדְעִינַן הֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ, אִי חַג הַמַּצּוֹת, הוֹאִיל וּפָתַח בּוֹ הַכָּתוּב תְּחִלָּה, אִי חַג הַסּוּכּוֹת, הוֹאִיל וּמְרוּבָּה מִצְוָתוֹ!
And say one Festival And if you say: We do not know which of them Passover, with which the verse opened, or Sukkot, since its mitzva numerous
Talmud
Yoma.2b:9
אֶלָּא: דָּנִין פְּרִישַׁת שִׁבְעָה לְיוֹם אֶחָד, מִפְּרִישַׁת שִׁבְעָה לְיוֹם אֶחָד. וְאֵין דָּנִין פְּרִישַׁת שִׁבְעָה לְשִׁבְעָה, מִפְּרִישַׁת שִׁבְעָה לְיוֹם אֶחָד.
Rather, One derives sequestering for seven days for one day, from sequestering for seven days for one day, And one does not derive sequestering for seven days for seven from sequestering for seven days for one day,
Talmud
Yoma.2b:10
וְאֵימָא שְׁמִינִי, דִּפְרִישַׁת שִׁבְעָה לְיוֹם אֶחָד הוּא! דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין קְדוּשָּׁה לְפָנָיו מִדָּבָר שֶׁאֵין קְדוּשָּׁה לְפָנָיו, וְאֵין דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ קְדוּשָּׁה לְפָנָיו מִדָּבָר שֶׁאֵין קְדוּשָּׁה לְפָנָיו.
And say Eighth sequestering for seven days for one day. One derives a matter before which there is not sanctity, from a matter before which there is not sanctity, And we do not derive a matter before which there is sanctity, from a matter before which there is not sanctity.
Talmud
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Rabbinic Hebrew/Aramaic - English Parallel Corpus

A benchmark dataset for evaluating embedding models on Rabbinic Hebrew and Aramaic texts, with parallel English translations sourced from Sefaria.

Dataset Description

This dataset contains 3,708 parallel text pairs spanning diverse Rabbinic literature across multiple centuries and genres. It is designed for evaluating cross-lingual embedding models on their ability to align Hebrew/Aramaic source texts with English translations.

Languages

  • Source: Rabbinic Hebrew, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
  • Target: English

Dataset Structure

Each example contains:

  • ref: Sefaria reference string (e.g., "Berakhot.2a:1")
  • he: Hebrew/Aramaic source text
  • en: English translation
  • category: Text category

Categories

Category Count Description
Mishnah 789 Tannaitic legal compilation (~200 CE)
Tanakh Commentary 674 Rashi, Ramban, Radak, Rabbeinu Behaye on Torah
Jerusalem Talmud 520 Palestinian Talmud (~400 CE)
Talmud 480 Babylonian Talmud (~500 CE)
Midrash Rabbah 393 Midrashic compilations
Hasidic/Kabbalistic 304 Likutei Moharan, Tomer Devorah, Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah
Philosophy 240 Guide for the Perplexed, Sefer HaIkkarim
Halacha 160 Sefer HaChinukh, Mishneh Torah
Mussar/Ethics 108 Chafetz Chaim, Kav HaYashar, Iggeret HaRamban
Targum 40 Aramaic Targum to Song of Songs

Intended Use

Primary Use Case

Evaluating embedding models for cross-lingual retrieval:

  • Given a Hebrew/Aramaic text, can the model find its English translation from a pool of candidates?
  • Models that excel at this task likely capture the semantics of Rabbinic literature well.

Evaluation Metrics

  • Recall@k: Percentage of queries where correct translation is in top k results
  • MRR: Mean Reciprocal Rank
  • Bitext Accuracy: True pair vs random pair classification

Source

All texts and translations are from Sefaria, a free library of Jewish texts.

Translations

Translations come from various sources including:

  • William Davidson Talmud (Steinsaltz)
  • Sefaria Community translations
  • Historical translations (e.g., Friedlander's Guide for the Perplexed)

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite Sefaria:

@misc{sefaria,
  title = {Sefaria: A Living Library of Jewish Texts},
  url = {https://www.sefaria.org},
  year = {2024}
}

License

The dataset is released under CC-BY 4.0, following Sefaria's licensing for their open texts.

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