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Born - 10.12.1909 in Ashtarak. Died - 01.01.1988 in Yerevan.
Since 1927 worked in cinema. Studied at
State Institute of Cinematography (Moscow). Since 1935 - cinematographer of Yerevan Studio of documentaries. Author of over 60 documentaries and two short films.
1954 - Trifle, short
1959 - 01-99, short
1936 - Funeral of Komitas, doc.
1938 - The First Parliament of Soviet Armenia, doc.
1939 - Nalband Canal, doc.
1945 - Native Country, doc.
1954 - Funeral of Catholicos Gevorg VI, doc.
1956 - Centuries and Years, doc.
1961 - Martiros Saryan, doc.
1964 - Pages of History, doc.
1975 - Alexander Shirvanzade, doc. | <urn:uuid:f9e5e20e-091b-4cb0-8cc0-a8fc048249af> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://arm-cinema.am/en/directors_of_photography/1309.html | 2017-04-29T15:32:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123530.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00423-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.67079 | 188 |
Gentlemen, Please, Agree to disagree, but please keep it civil. Remember in the long run we are all on the same side here. The side of the Constitution and freedom. The Religious beliefs that each of you hold and those differences are 2,000 +++ years old. I don't expect that they will be resolved here. The one thing that we can all agree on is that there is only one True GOD, and as far as my understanding goes (which is very limited acknowledged) both Christians and the Jewish faiths believe in that same GOD........
Also according to my limited understanding that GOD might be the same GOD that the Muslims originally believed in. The differences came after Christ was born and then after Mohamed in around 400 AD.
At any rate, I have no wish to enter your discussion on the issue, but please try to keep the tone down to a (Mostly) civil and "friendly" roar. Sometimes I think It's a good thing that you two guys are on opposite sides of the Country.
Bad enough that we are in a fight for our lives in this country, no need to fight amongst ourselves.
And the same goes for Chris too.
Something here that just occurred to me in this dispute between the two or three of you guys is that we may be overlooking a great opportunity, a learning and teaching opportunity. The aspect of our American Constitutional Freedom OF Religion. Over the course of the last two years and more specifically when we were trying to organize the OAS mission, I heard objections from several people about joining a mostly Christian movement. They voiced concerns about that aspect of OAS. Yes - They agreed that the current Government was corrupt and needed to be cleaned out, but they were concerned that what OAS was about was to install a very heavily focused Religious Government.
Your arguments and disagreements here (Plus a lot of things that were much much worse in history) is precisely why our Founding fathers wrote in our First Amendment guaranteeing us our Freedoms OF Religion.
We should keep in mind that over the years the left wing liberals have educated people into believing that there is some sort of separation of Church and State and that our Constitution guarantees them a freedom FROM Religion. When we - as Constitutional advocates and advocates of the Republic under the Constitution - say that we want to restore the Free Constitutional Republic,, It becomes our responsibility to make sure people understand what that Constitution actually says, and what it means to people.
Going back to your discussions here about your individual Religious beliefs we have to keep in mind that THAT one part of our Constitution guarantees us all the rights to hold those individual beliefs without fear of retribution from others. When we (PFA/OAS) say that we want to restore America to a Constitutional Republic we should make a point to make sure people know and understand every aspect of that Constitution, including that freedom OF Religion. And our dedication to protect and defend all aspects of that Constitution also includes those First Amendment rights along with all others.
So you guys go right ahead and beat the hell out of each other but make sure you all agree that under the Constitution you will also defend each other's rights to disagree and to hold those individual beliefs.
GOD BLESS America.
Sorry Old Rooster but I refuse to be attacked by Michael as often as he attacks me personally. I believe it to be in my best interest to leave this site. I have studied the history of the Church and it became the reformed Babylonian system under the RCC and the Protestants took 95% of it with them when they split from the RCC.
BTW allah is the pagan Sumerian moon god, not the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Muhammad was a pedophile mental defective.
Lee, You know I respect your opinions and beliefs. And you also know that I respect Mr. Regan's beliefs. I don't blame you for not wanting to be attacked for your personal beliefs, No one should be expected to just simply shut up and let it happen. And - Yes - Michael can be a bit crude at times.
We are all on the edge of our tolerance levels right now.
Maybe I should repeat that
WE ARE ALL ON THE EDGE OF OUR TOLERANCE LEVELS RIGHT NOW.
The things that are happening in this country (and around the world) right now are enough to drive any one of us over the edge at any time. I'm not going to ask you to just simply shut up and take it, Either one of you guys. BOTH of you.
- - - - - - KNOCK IT OFF. - - - - - - - -
We have a critical mission that MUST be maintained and MUST be completed. Failure is NOT an option.
And I hate to remind you guys that THAT mission is NOT to resolve a 2,000 years old Religious dispute nor is it to carry that dispute forward for another 2,000 years.
We can not resolve those Religious differences here, all we can do is tolerate each other while we try to save this Nation from the evils and the hell that our enemies are trying to force upon us.
Should you (or Michael Regain) leave this site?
I Sincerely hope not.
When TSHTF I am still very comfortable having BOTH of you guys cover my six.
And I believe that day is fast approaching.
"BTW allah is the pagan Sumerian moon god, not the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Muhammad was a pedophile mental defective."
Thanks for that one, Education is always welcome.
Thanks for responding Michael, I do appreciate it.
Look, I know you two guys have completely different educations and directions of your beliefs. Both of you are adamant in your beliefs, and that's ok. THAT is the real true beauty of America. Our system of a Constitutional Free Republic is the only system of Government in the world where we are each allowed to have the freedom to hold our own individual religious beliefs, and we can do so without fear of retribution for those beliefs.
I was raised as a Christian, a Methodist Christian. My Mother was an Sunday School teacher. She taught me that it was important for me to learn something about all religions so that later on in life I could make my own decisions. So I did try to learn a little about each of the major religions and about the different Churches. What I learned was that - Yes, I do believe in Jesus Christ, and I also learned that the Jewish beliefs about Christ are different than the Christian beliefs. The Protestants, and the Methodists, and the Catholics,,,, etc are ALL different. And Judaism is also different from the Methodists teachings..
There are also three other things that I've learned in my 73+ years, ,
#1) Tolerance, If I expect others to respect MY Religious beliefs and MY rights to worship as I choose, then I should also except that I must respect their rights to worship as they choose just as I expect them to respect me.
(THAT is so fundamental that it is written into our Constitution which is known as our First Amendment right of Freedom of Religion).
#2) The second thing I learned was that Islam is NOT compatible with either my Christian beliefs OR our Constitution and our Freedoms of Religion.
#3) the third thing I've learned is that I am NOT the smartest person on Earth, and I never will be. (My older Brother made it a point to teach me that every day until I left home and joined the U.S. Air Force, - where they picked up where he left off).
All of this is now under attack. We are in danger of loosing even the rights to hold this discussion, never mind our Freedoms of Religion and our Constitution.
Every bit of this is under an assault the likes of which America has never seen or experienced. I'm not asking either of you to disregard your Religious beliefs I'm not asking either of you to just simply shut up and let the other attack your beliefs without defending yourself. I know, and I understand both of you.
But if we don't put those differences aside and focus on the war that Obama, the Communists, and the Islamists are currently waging against us then all of this is for not. We wont even have the right to hold these types of discussions. I've said it before, I will stand beside either and both of you and I will be proud to have either or both of you cover my six. There will be plenty of time to finish the argument later, but ONLY if we manage to survive this war on America first.
GOD Bless America.
And for you Lee, Shalom Aleichem, May you be well, (and please forgive me if I said that wrong) I told you I'm not the smartest person on Earth.
A different slant at anti-Semitism Chris? BTW all non-Jews are NOT Goyim, they are the Lost Sheep of the House of Y'Israel; Hebrews just like the genetic Jew is.
SMH! What garbage you are spewing Chris. I suggest you move away from this discussion and spread your garbage on your own forum; doubt you'll have many following you. What cultist are you following?
We clearly have a secret Gov working against "We the People"...Now is the time to act, or it will be to late to do anything! God please wake-up and pull "We the People" finally together to stop this Secret Gov from destroying OUR (not their) Nation! | <urn:uuid:ab32573f-49c7-495d-b5c1-3f6b66b82524> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://patriotsforamerica.ning.com/forum/topics/dhs-whistleblower-exposes-government-s-submission-to-jihad-full-p?commentId=2734278%3AComment%3A827541 | 2020-06-02T00:10:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347419639.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601211310-20200602001310-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.969576 | 1,957 |
Steve Suppe writes "As an American who is going to be living overseas for a few years (Germany, to be more exact), I'm curious as to what advice/information Slashdot could provide people like me. How much can I expect to pay for dial-up/broadband, and from who? I'd be interested to hear how it differs around the world. Any good reference sites? Thanks!" | <urn:uuid:45cf4a48-99d8-4863-ad69-27b5963eefef> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://ask.slashdot.org/story/03/03/02/2228240/international-connectivity | 2015-02-01T22:48:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122189854.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175629-00170-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982227 | 83 |
Taking place around Central Oregon
May 21st 2018
11:00 am - 11:00 pm
Sample some of the best beer Central Oregon has to offer at a variety of beer events at participating breweries!
Beer fans from far and wide will enjoy a community-wide craft beer party highlighting the vast craft brew scene from Bend and beyond. From Wild Ride’s four-year anniversary party to McMenamins’ SMaSH Fest, beer drinkers won’t be disappointed.
Planning your trip? Start with your award-winning visitor guide, available online or by mail.Read the Guide
Give Us A Call
Want to talk with a real human? We get that. Our visitor center is ready and waiting for your call.Call : 877.245.8484
The Bend Pledge
Join countless visitors before you and take the Pledge to leave Bend better than you found it.Take the Pledge
Pledge for the Wild
Help protect what makes Bend Bend by supporting the wild and the Deschutes Trails Coalition.Donate | <urn:uuid:eaeef41b-c923-41d2-9daf-f94af00346f6> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.visitbend.com/events/categories/beer-culture/ | 2021-03-08T15:08:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178385378.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210308143535-20210308173535-00610.warc.gz | en | 0.886416 | 215 |
I've got an M-Audio FireWire Solo and just bought a new Macbook Air so I could run Pro Tools. Didn't think to notice whether the Air would have a Firewire port (it does not). So now I've got a brand new interface and a brand new computer and can't do anything....
What is the best option here? Should I get a FireWire -> USB hub? Or will I be overrun with latency issues? Should I simply return the FireWire Solo and get an interface with USB?
Any help would be much appreciated. | <urn:uuid:c64fb9ee-16c1-443a-8240-bb3a3084870c> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/26131/firewire-on-macbook-air-help | 2020-07-05T07:37:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655887046.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705055259-20200705085259-00507.warc.gz | en | 0.95074 | 114 |
Wedding Photographer Brough Caithness, Inkson
|Caithness||SWPP LSWPP Qualified Member|
Tuesday 15th October 2019
CaithnessTracey Inkson LSWPPThis shows the qualification attained by Tracey Inkson within the SWPP and associated societies.
Tracey Marie Photography
tel:- +44 7766 448 125
web address:- www.traceymariephotography.com/
facebook:- Tracey Marie Photography
Tracey Inkson Qualification Panel.
Specialist Photographer for :-
Tracey Inkson has an Exhibition here.
Tracey Inkson is a portrait photographer who specialises in Baby and children, family and personal portrait photography. Based In Caithness I will travel to any area by request offering studio photography in your own home or location photography. I also offer packages for small and budget weddings as well as childrens parties and other events.
Children and Babies
Baby photo album
Picture Framing Service
Friendly and Personable Professional Photographer
Modern styled images
Picture framing Service
Other Wedding photographic services
Civil Religious weddings
Multicultural wedding services
Choice of wedding albums designs
Leather Wedding Albums
Online proofing service
Providing elegant and timeless photography services
More Photographers around Caithness
Photographers in Brough
Tracey Inkson is a Wedding Photographer
Getting Married? we have a list of Wedding Venues in Caithness
if you're needing transport for your special day we have some Wedding Cars for Hire in Caithness
The Societies of Photographers Convention and Trade Show at The Novotel London West, Hammersmith ... | <urn:uuid:e82f7cff-8010-4742-a0ad-1de54d1d64c1> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://swpp.co.uk/members/Inkson118244.htm | 2019-10-15T22:01:15Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660323.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015205352-20191015232852-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.815108 | 343 |
|The following article features coverage from the 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. Click here to read more of Cancer Therapy Advisor‘s conference coverage.|
Compared with sunitinib, cabozantinib improves overall response rates (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) among treatment-naive patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) across all subgroups, according to research being presented at the 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in San Francisco, California.1
Findings from the phase 2 CABOSUN study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01835158) showed that, compared with sunitinib, cabozantinib improves PFS and the ORR among patients with intermediate- to poor-risk advanced RCC.
For this subgroup analysis of 157 patients in CABOSUN, researchers stratified patients by factors including age, sex, baseline function, and MET expression, as well as by International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria and the presence of bone metastases.
Cabozantinib improved PFS in all subgroups vs sunitinib. The ORR was also higher among patients treated with cabozantinib vs sunitinib, with the greatest benefit observed in patients who were MET-positive (34% in the cabozantinib arm vs 10% in the sunitinib arm).
Median PFS was worse in both treatment arms in patients with an ECOG score 1 or 2 or who had bone metastases.
The authors concluded that “[cabozantinib] was associated with improved PFS and ORR compared with [sunitinib] in previously untreated [patients] with advanced RCC irrespective of baseline characteristics.”
Read more of Cancer Therapy Advisor‘s coverage of the 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium by visiting the conference page.
- George DJ, Hessel C, Halabi S, et al. Cabozantinib versus sunitinib for previously untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of intermediate or poor risk: subgroup analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) in the Alliance A031203 CABOSUN trial. Oral presentation at: 2018 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium; February 8-10, 2018; San Francisco, CA. | <urn:uuid:37d3b9a4-d02e-4652-84df-bdf426acf0e0> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/news/conference-coverage/genitourinary-gu-cancers-symposium/genitourinary-cancers-symposium-2018/cabozantinib-superior-to-sunitinib-for-first-line-rcc-treatment-across-all-subgroups/ | 2019-04-24T18:02:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578655155.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424174425-20190424200425-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.910313 | 518 |
Dominic Bradford is looking forward to the new baseball season as the Sturgis high school head coach and also the summer American Legion baseball team. Sturgis high school baseball’s first game is March 29 at Strong Field vs. STM. Also good news for little leaguers. Coach Bradford will also have a spring training/basic skills camp for kids ages 7-12 on March 15.
Thanks for watching! | <urn:uuid:5aa9aa03-9b55-44b2-b6be-ef1391d62c85> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://blackhillstv.com/talking-baseball-in-sturgis/ | 2021-09-17T07:43:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780055601.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20210917055515-20210917085515-00437.warc.gz | en | 0.972046 | 87 |
Toadies vs. 10 Years – Rocktagon
New week and two new contenders in the Rocktagon. Cast your vote now and listen for the winner to be announced tonight during Nocturnal Emissions.
10 Years - 'Backlash'
Found on their latest album, "Minus The Machine". [audio:http://103gbfrocks.com/files/2012/07/10-Years-01-Backlash-812686.mp3]
Found on their upcoming album, "Play Rock Music" [audio:http://103gbfrocks.com/files/2012/07/The-Toadies-01-Summer-of-the-Strange-Radio-8220502.mp3] | <urn:uuid:bbdb4c1b-9ab0-43d4-85ab-e92c812bed04> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://103gbfrocks.com/toadies-vs-10-years-rocktagon/ | 2014-09-01T23:40:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535920849.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909042442-00018-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.785712 | 155 |
Military hospitals in the townships of regions and states provide medical treatments to the people to solve their difficulties in healthcare services. A total of 75,588 outpatients and 4,069 inpatients reached these hospitals from 5 February to date.
Senior medical experts, medics and nurses have conducted 3,426 major operations and 1,825 minor operations. The senior doctors treat severe cases. These hospitals managed for the birth of 4,848 babies, while 4,848 pregnant women were taken to the respective military hospitals.
Officials from the respective commands also provided the patients with foods, and medial workers were provided cash assistance.
Tatmadaw medical teams provide healthcare services in hospitals with no civilian doctors
The Tatmadaw medical teams consisted of Tatmadaw doctors, specialists, and nurses providing the necessary medical treatments to the patients in military hospitals and public hospitals.
The Tatmadaw medical teams provided health services related to surgery, dental and oral healthcare, osteoporosis, obstetrics, gynecology, hypertension and heart disease to the patients in Thazi Township Hospital, Hanzada hospital, Yinmabin hospital, Tagaung Public Hospital in Thabeikkyin Township, Sintgaing hospital in Kyaukse township, Yintawtite hospital in Pyawbwe township, Kyauktaga Public Hospital, Donzayit hospital in Shwegyin Township, Bago Region and Latpadan township hospital.
Officials from respective commands also inspected the medical services for the local populace. They comforted the patients by providing food aids and necessary things. It is reported that residents are satisfied with the medical support of Tatmadaw. —MNA | <urn:uuid:ab070b3f-19ec-4b2a-80b0-6b9c848193dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.gnlm.com.mm/military-hospitals-continue-providing-healthcare-to-civilians/ | 2022-01-17T04:56:24Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300289.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220117031001-20220117061001-00421.warc.gz | en | 0.95115 | 347 |
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We collect information from you when you place an order.
When ordering or registering on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your name and e-mail address. You may, however, visit our site anonymously.What do we use your information for?
Any of the information we collect from you may be used in one of the following ways:
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Your information, whether public or private, will not be sold, exchanged, transferred, or given to any other company for any reason whatsoever, without your consent, other than for the express purpose of delivering the product or service requested.
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We offer the use of a secure server. All supplied sensitive/credit information is transmitted via Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology and then encrypted into our Payment gateway provider's database only to be accessible by those authorized with special access rights to such systems, and are required to keep the information confidential.
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60 Windsor Avenue | <urn:uuid:b5fffcce-ea97-4e95-9d78-c1abf9a88a96> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.forgottenbooks.com/privacypolicy.php | 2014-11-27T23:03:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931009292.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155649-00004-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.880827 | 583 |
The High Commission With Big Ticket Machine
Do You Get The High Commission Often?
Inside this course, you’re about to discover some secrets to the Big Ticket Success! It’s important that you do it the right way so you can make a large sum of money.
How can you persuade BIG name companies to want your services? Big name companies are the ones with the big payouts. Imagine if Google invested into your company. How would that make you feel?
You need to learn the mindsets of BIG name companies. The mindsets of those companies that pay-out large sums of money.
An overview of that you are about to learn:
- How Big Ticket Clients Think
- How To Attract High-Paying Clients
- How To Position Yourself As An Expert
- The Truth About Demonstrating Value
- Why Do Big Ticket
- High Converting Webinar Formula
- How To Automate Your Webinar
- Webinar Platforms Factors To Consider
- Why Use Webinar
- And so much more…
This download is reserved for Best Ride Members.
It’s Simple & Fast! | <urn:uuid:fa479317-f831-4b1a-b133-d7241e789739> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://skullofskill.com/service-tools/the-high-commission-big-ticket-machine/ | 2018-06-19T23:53:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863259.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619232009-20180620012009-00142.warc.gz | en | 0.861954 | 239 |
No podcast this week (Nick is starting a new job, and Marc is on Day 9 of “No More Days Off Until Xmas”), but I wanted to take a moment to let everyone know about a few charity events coming up!
Specifically, Artimage (friend of the podcast and frequent nemesis to Marc) is taking donations for his Extra Life charity event:
Extra Life Link
The quick notes are that for every $5(CAD) you donate, you get 1 entry into a draw for a painted copy of Blackstone Fortress! I own a copy of the game already, and I gotta tell you, it looks pretty amazing… I painted the models for a buddy, and they’re really cool. I haven’t played the game yet, but the rules look clean, and GW has said they will be supporting the game in the future… I highly recommend getting your hands on a copy if you can, and for $5 you can both support a great cause (the Hamilton, Ontario Children’s Hospital at McMaster University) and get a chance at a great game!
Artimage will be doing a livestream for his gaming and for the drawing on Wednesday (link here), and he’s doing another draw for a few neat prizes in order to drum up some additional interest (link for that here).
Moral of the story, go donate a few bucks, and get a chance at a great game, plus every dollar donated goes straight to the McMaster Children’s Hospital! Win-win. | <urn:uuid:0991cffa-e727-4c96-95b4-46a26c088921> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | http://www.combosmite.com/tag/artimage-is-a-good-guy/ | 2020-08-09T22:32:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738595.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809222112-20200810012112-00283.warc.gz | en | 0.957624 | 316 |
Such a world requires a firm hand and a guiding light. But does it need the Concern: an all-powerful organization with a malevolent presiding genius, pervasive influence and numberless invisible operatives in possession of extraordinary powers?
Among those operatives are Temudjin Oh, of mysterious Mongolian origins, an un-killable assassin who journeys between the peaks of Nepal, a version of Victorian London and the dark palaces of Venice under snow; Adrian Cubbish, a restlessly greedy City trader; and a nameless, faceless state-sponsored torturer known only as the Philosopher, who moves between time zones with sinister ease. Then there are those who question the Concern: the bandit queen Mrs. Mulverhill, roaming the worlds recruiting rebels to her side; and Patient 8262, under sedation and feigning madness in a forgotten hospital ward, in hiding from a dirty past.
There is a world that needs help; but whether it needs the Concern is a different matter. | <urn:uuid:812f38da-37dd-4f64-a39b-40b4e691e7c3> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.atomicbooks.com/index.php/literature/scifi-fantasy/transition-iain-banks.html | 2014-09-17T23:48:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657124771.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011204-00144-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895747 | 201 |
PO-tato, PA-tato—Cheers to National Potato Day!
Happy National Potato Day! Whether one considers them a vegetable or a starch, potatoes are an adaptable food with a rich history and great variety of cooking uses during the fall season. “Spuds” are the world’s fourth largest food crop, with the first permanent potato patches established in 1719 in the Thirteen Colonies. More than a century later, Idaho state began growing potatoes and developed the Russet variety. Idaho later became the largest potato harvester, producing approximately 14.2 billion pounds annually according to the 2012 crop. Today there are thousands of potato varieties, but among the most popular are Yukon Gold, Red, Petite, Kennebec, Desiree and Fingerling.
Take a look at these fascinating facts about potatoes:
- The largest potato ever grown was 7 pounds 1 ounce
- Potatoes are grown in all 50 states and in 125 countries
- Potatoes, valued for their Vitamin C, were nearly worth their weight in gold during the Alaskan Klondike gold rush of 1897-1898
- Potatoes were the first vegetable to be grown in space, which happened in 1995
- The taste of potatoes can vary below a certain degree, so storage facilities keep temperatures above 39⁰ F
- Sweet “potatoes” are actually a root vegetable, not technically a potato
- A shortage of potatoes in the mid-1800s in Ireland led to the death of one million people who depended on potatoes as a main source of food
French fries —one of the most popular uses of potatoes—weren’t around in America until Thomas Jefferson’s presidency, when they were served at a White House dinner. The origin of potato chips can be traced back to 1853 when Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt sent his too-thick potatoes back to the kitchen. To appease the railroad tycoon, Chef George Crum sliced the potatoes paper thin and fried and salted them, creating what people know and love as potato chips. Today, the largest application of potatoes is frozen fries, at 34 percent of total potato utilization (2012)! Fresh potatoes are the next largest utilization at 28 percent, while other frozen potato products take up 5 percent .
- Craving a quick bite? Loaded Potato Nests make for a scrumptious party appetizer or mid-morning snack.
- Mix cheese with potatoes for a decadent and melty twist.
Craving breakfast for dinner? This Southwest Breakfast Casserole will make the perfect “brinner!”
- Everyone loves baked potatoes, but these Twice Baked Potatoes are even better!
- Creamy mashed potatoes are the perfect addition to any meal. This All-in-One Pork Chop Dinner using refrigerated mashed potatoes hit the jackpot!
- Need a cheesy side dish? Parmesan Potato Wedges are a great complement to any meal!
Don’t feel like mashing potatoes by hand or dicing them up yourself? There are a variety of helpful products in the frozen and dairy aisles at your grocery store. These potato products cut down on prep, giving you more time to enjoy your meal!
Whether you buy a bag of potatoes and cook them at home or grab a convenience pack of pre-cut, seasoned potatoes from the cool aisles of the grocery store, potatoes are a fun, fall necessity. For holiday parties, family get-togethers or weeknight dinners, potatoes offer a vast array of options for creating satisfying meals. What potato will you cook up tonight to celebrate National Potato Day? | <urn:uuid:3babd56a-9d8c-433a-ba10-8773ea9d5626> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://blog.easyhomemeals.com/potato-patato-cheers-to-national-potato-day/ | 2017-08-20T20:53:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886106990.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170820204359-20170820224359-00447.warc.gz | en | 0.926766 | 746 |
Ok, you've claimed your Spotify for Artists page (If you haven't, get started here) and you've gotten it just the way you want it. Here's what comes next: Promote your music!
You can now submit your music directly to Spotify for playlist consideration through your Spotify for artist profile. This is huge! This really puts artists in the driver's seat and allows them to promote their own music AND WE LOVE IT. Though do keep in mind, you'll only be able to submit titles that are not yet released, but are delivered to Spotify.
You can check out Spotify's FAQ on how to submit, but here are the basics.
- Log into your Spotify for Artists Account
- Click "Catalog" on the left hand menu
- Click "Upcoming" to see all your unreleased titles
- Click "Submit a Song" and fill out the form
Seriously, it's that easy. That being said, we've been keeping an eye on how this tool is working and we have 5 major things for you to keep in mind while submitting.
- It works. It’s not just a “roll the dice and hope for the best” situation – correctly following the prescribed steps in Spotify’s system seems to consistently and automatically go to the Release Radar of all your followers. In many-to-most cases it’s going on appropriate genre- and mood-based playlists as well. And this seems to be true for artists at all levels – not just the big names.
- It’s important to fill out all the requested info. Don’t choose “none of these” for moods, genres or other categories if a category may fit. Don’t try and be funny and choose “family” as the genre for your metal project. Give them as much info for your track as possible, and fill out absolutely everything thoroughly and accurately. The less work they have to do, the better your chances of a choice placement.
- It’s SUPER important to set a future release date when you set up the release in Soundrop. To pitch a release, you need the title delivered at least 2 weeks before the release date. If your release is a cover, upload it to us with plenty of time for your licensing to clear. We recommend at least 30 days (more if you can) before your intended release date. If you’re unsure of what date to select, pick a Friday that’s 6 weeks in the future.
- YOU CAN DO IT. Don’t be intimidated, don’t feel like it’s a waste of time. Spotify set this up for a reason and they truly want artists to use it. Even though you still need us to get your music on Spotify, the distributor or label no longer needs to be involved in the playlist pitching process like before.
- Put your best foot forward. Remember that you can only have 1 song at a time under consideration, so if you’re releasing weekly, you probably won’t be able to submit every song. Plan ahead; don’t submit this week’s track if you think there’s going to be an even better one a couple weeks from now! Put some real thought into which tracks have the most potential and submit only those. | <urn:uuid:5b37240a-f29b-43f1-ac89-76291e8dfaf2> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://support.soundrop.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014492112-It-s-Pitchin-How-to-Submit-Your-Music-to-Spotify-for-Playlists | 2018-11-18T16:14:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744513.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118155835-20181118181820-00062.warc.gz | en | 0.948757 | 693 |
Earn gift cards, swag, and other free stuff for getting people to join Flipd.
Want to add Flipd to your CV? Need a reference? You've got our support.
Get a first look at new features, have a direct line to our team, and help us with product changes.
You're already telling everyone you know how productive and focused you are with Flipd. Why not get rewarded for it? Our Ambassador Program gives you free stuff to thank you for your efforts.
Plus, it's super easy!
Join our growing community of incredible influencers. Apply on this page to become an official Flipd Ambassador.
Once you're accepted, create a Flipd Study Group that your friends and followers can join through your unique 5-digit code.
As many friends as you like can join your group. We'll keep track of every friend that joins and reward you for hitting certain targets.
Some love from our top influencers. | <urn:uuid:369d647d-92d0-46c7-ab03-0ebf5a67f6d0> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.flipdapp.co/flipd-student-ambassador-program-signup | 2020-06-07T03:38:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348523476.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200607013327-20200607043327-00231.warc.gz | en | 0.948471 | 197 |
…for there you have been and there you will long to return. – Leonardo da Vinci
Jermaine, Stephen and Jay bid farewell to their dear friend and creator of Skyward, Jeremy Dale, before soldiering on to analyze Marvel’s cinematic universe Phase 3 announcements, DC’s 2015 event, Convergence, and two week’s worth of Comics at the Table.
- Contribute to Jeremy’s medical costs and funeral arrangements on Go Fund Me.
- Return to Jeremy’s website, Jeremy Dale.com, to see sketches from New York Comic Con, just weeks ago.
- “Marvel Phase 3 International Release Dates Revealed” at Slash Film.com.
- Watch Marvel: 75 Years from Pulp to Pop now at Hulu.com.
- “Attack on Titan & Marvel Crossover Details Revealed” at Comic Book.com.
- Comics at the Table! – Marvel 75th Anniversary Special, Harley Quinn Annual #1, Southern Bastards #5, Axis #4, Amazing Spider-man #9 and Tooth & Claw #1! | <urn:uuid:e15b4a98-066f-43de-b63a-2ee5f598ef62> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://acmecomics.com/acmecast-214-for-once-you-have-tasted-flight-you-will-walk-the-earth-with-your-eyes-turned-skyward-2/ | 2022-01-23T19:17:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123172206-20220123202206-00218.warc.gz | en | 0.790444 | 235 |
A 29-year-old man was shot multiple times as he sat in his car Thursday morning during an exchange of gunfire outside a Renton gas station, police said.
Officers went to the 300 block of Rainier Ave South just before 4 a.m. after receiving a report of a shooting, said Terri Vickers of the Renton police.
They found the 29-year-old man in the front seat of his car with two to five gunshot wounds to the leg and torso. He was rushed to Harborview Medical Center.
A preliminary investigation found that the suspect was outside the victim's car, a black BMW, and shot the victim through the driver's side window.
The shooter then fled. A police dog was brought in but coudn't find him.
The suspect is described as a black male with slim build, brown hair and brown eyes, wearing a red-and-gray hooded sweatshirt or red-and-green shirt.
KOMO News video footage from the scene shows crime tape surrounding the gas station and the black BMW with bullet holes in the window.
The victim's condition was not immediately available.
Anyone who was in the area or has information about the shooting is asked to call the Renton Police Department at 425-430-7500. | <urn:uuid:e862e7af-e53d-4d55-b811-1dd5ef423390> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://www.seattlepi.com/local/komo/article/Man-wounded-in-hail-of-gunfire-in-Renton-5480402.php | 2014-11-26T10:13:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931006716.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155646-00005-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983502 | 265 |
Old Dominion (15-5, 5-2 Conference USA) made 29 of 33 free throws, including 23 of 27 in the second half when the Monarchs rallied from a 34-24 deficit with 52 points in the final 20 minutes, Stith scoring 17 points and Caver 16.
There were 63 free throws taken by both teams with Charlotte making 21 of 30.
Jon Davis scored 30 points for Charlotte (5-13, 2-5), moving past Jarvis Lang (1990-95), to fifth place on the 49ers' all-time scoring list with 1,868.
The Monarchs trailed 39-30 with 16 minutes remaining when Caver scored 11 points in a 26-5 run to lead 56-44. The lead remained in double figures until just over a minute remained but the 49ers didn't get closer than the final six-point margin. Stith scored the Monarchs' final five points at the line.
Jayhawks' De Sousa wins appeal, eligible to play
Forward Silvio De Sousa, who was a key reserve in Kansas' run to the Final Four in the 2017-18 season, won his appeal against the NCAA and has had his eligibility reinstated for the 2019-20 season.
Anderson promises hard work in opening press conference
New St. John's head coach Mike Anderson details how he'll run the program.
Josh Green: Born to Ball - Episode 5
Australian guard Josh Green's journey will take him from the suburbs of Sydney to the University of Arizona. Check out his year with the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida. | <urn:uuid:8c806b71-1ca0-4923-854c-385c931c364d> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://e.espncdn.com/mens-college-basketball/recap?gameId=401087326 | 2019-05-26T20:33:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232259452.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526185417-20190526211417-00102.warc.gz | en | 0.87531 | 328 |
Barcamp is as good as the participants make it. Be prepared to lead or participate in a session, ask interesting questions, show off cool stuff you're working on and make new friends. Barcamp is not a typical conference where you are fed information in a one-way fashion.
You don't need to make fancy Powerpoint presentations, active discussion on white boards is more likely. But if you have tangible items, feel free to bring them.
Sessions can be about anything interesting, we'll draw up the schedule in the first hours of the event and then dive straight in.
Friday Pre-Party on February 22nd, 7pm
Saturday Event on February 23, 2013, 8am to 4pm
Varsity: Sold Out
Centennial: Sold Out
Who should attend BarCamp?
BarCamp Atlanta is an ad-hoc gathering born from the desire for people to share and learn in an open environment. It is an intense day with discussions, demos and interaction from participants providing the content. Everyone is welcome, we'd love to hear from engineers, developers, entrepreneurs, designers, photographers, artists, marketers, architects, scientists, writers, or anyone else that has interesting experience to share.
We do ask that, aside from sponsors, you stay away from pitching products and selling services. The goal is to teach and share.
What should I bring?
You don't need to bring anything. We are going to try and have a mix of white boards and projectors. If you want to use a projector bring a laptop with your presentation on it.
Does everyone have to give a talk?
No, but we really encourage people to present, ask questions, meet new people, and participate in some way.
How long are the talks?
Talks are 30 minutes. Content can vary wildly from speaker to speaker. One may be a deck of slides while another is 5 minutes of whiteboarding following by 25 minutes of questions and discussion. Panel discussions are welcome as well. If a talk is great and running long there will be enough space for groups to huddle up and continue talking.
Reach out about sponsorship, questions, info, or anything else. | <urn:uuid:3fb003e8-2f38-4ff9-b3c8-7aabb17d302e> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://barcampatlanta.org/ | 2017-08-17T11:20:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103270.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817111816-20170817131816-00505.warc.gz | en | 0.958975 | 448 |
Compensation lawsuits against Serbia for human rights abuses committed in the past
Within the scope of its program offering support to victims of human rights abuses committed in the past in exercising their right to reparation, the Humanitarian Law Center (HLC) filed two compensation lawsuits against the Republic of Serbia (RS) at the First Municipal Court on behalf of Sabit Bibić from Sjenica who was tortured by Sjenica Internal Affairs Department (OUP) police officers in December 1993, and on behalf of Fehrat Suljić, a Bosniak who was abused by OUP Tutin police officers in February 1996.
At the beginning of December 1993, several unidentified police officers from the Sjenica OUP came to the family house of Sabit Bibić in the village of Ugao, asking him to surrender his “scorpion” gun. Although he told them he had no weapon at all, they ordered him to get in their police car and took him to the Karajukića Bunari local authority premises. While in the car, they hit him a few times with their truncheons. When they arrived at their destination, he was seated in an office where, half an hour later, he was joined by police officers Milorad Jovanović and Milinko Veličković. They asked him about the weapon he allegedly possessed. Shortly after, they started persuading him that if he really did not have one, he would be much better off if he quickly bought one and brought it to them. OUP Sjenica inspector Mile Nedić joined them shortly after and told the policemen that “they should know what to do”. When he left the office, they started hitting Sabit with their fists and truncheons in the head, all over his body, his hands, and the soles of his feet. Sabit lost consciousness under the power of their blows. He regained consciousness when they spilt some cold water on him but they resumed the beating immediately using their fists and truncheons. They held him at gunpoint threatening to kill him. After a while they let him go. The following day, Sabit Bibić reported the incident to the Sjenica Municipality secretary, Vučeta Vučetić, and to the OUP Sjenica chief of staff, Nikola Luković, but after a few days he received a letter to report at the Sjenica OUP for an informal questioning. During the questioning, a police officer nicknamed “Penda” asked Sabit again about the weapons in his possession. Since Sabit denied possessing any weapons at all, they took him to a prison cell. Sabit was released a couple of hours later.
In March of 1996 police officers Sulejman Hodžić and Zvonko Milunović came to the house of Fehrat Suljić in the Dolovo village and ordered him to go with them for informal questioning. Once they arrived at the police station in Tutin, Fehrat was taken to an office which was already occupied by police officer Slaviša Kiković, who started hitting him in the chest and back. When Fehrat Suljić fell to the floor, police officers Sulejman Hodžić and Zvonko Milunović continued kicking him in the back. After they had finished beating him, they handcuffed him to a radiator in the office. They released him shortly after. Fehrat Suljić was diagnosed with permanent damage to the spine and kidneys as long term consequences of the torture.
In the course of the armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, members of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia conducted frequent weapons searches in the houses of Bosniak residents in the Sandžak. Regardless of the fact that in most cases they did not find any weapons, police members often deprived Bosniak men of their freedom and beat them in police stations to coerce confessions from them that they possessed fire arms or that they were engaged in “acts against the state”. Although these cases were reported to the authorities, most of them were never seriously investigated nor were there any disciplinary measures against those responsible. On the contrary, the majority of the police officers who took part in the beatings of Bosniaks from Sandžak are still employed by MUP Serbia.
HLC calls upon the state institutions of the Republic of Serbia to act in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and offer adequate compensation to the victims of human rights abuses committed by members of the Serbian Army and police. | <urn:uuid:d1bfd350-09ce-4d3b-9b02-c3226022ced6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.hlc-rdc.org/?p=13617&lang=de | 2023-12-11T01:45:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103464.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211013452-20231211043452-00746.warc.gz | en | 0.989211 | 960 |
Originally Posted by TxMulie10
Those are some damn nice deer! I want to go hunt where your hunting! What state are you hunting in?
Let's take a poll... I bet MICHIGAN
...and on that day when my strength is failing, the end draws near and my times has come, still my soul will sing Your praise unending, ten thousand years and then forevermore! | <urn:uuid:1477a1cd-1f31-43b1-a8da-59ed9d88b9c6> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.deerhuntersclub.com/forums/pictures/8686-3-years-darn-good-luck-2.html | 2015-07-01T00:12:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375094629.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00127-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914958 | 86 |
Teachers, the key to changing the world
We all remember a teacher that had an impact on our lives because what we learnt from him or her went beyond just a school subject. Teachers have a key role in the overall development of children, in addition to teaching them maths or how to read and write. For 25 years, World Teachers’ Day has been celebrated on 5th October and to mark this date we would like to acknowledge and highlight their work and their role within society.
“The figure of the teacher is really important in all societies because we entrust them with a fundamental part of children’s education”. Mikel Egibar, Education Specialist at Educo, asserts that “through them, children also learn to relate to themselves and to others in society. Teachers do not just share their knowledge but also their way of being and inhabiting the world, and through that they transmit values, aspirations and inspirations. In this way, students learn to develop as people and also to develop a good relationship with the rest of society. Also, and this is fundamental, teachers are a protective and supportive figure who children can turn to if they have problems in their families or in their community”.
Not enough teachers and lots to be done
Although the SDGs recognise the importance of teachers in achieving the 2030 Education Agenda, there is a shortage of teachers worldwide. Unesco data tells us that in order to achieve universal education by 2030, 69 million teachers would need to be recruited.
“And not just teachers are needed. There are many other different problems that need resolving if we want to guarantee an equitable quality education for children. In many regions, teachers work in precarious conditions, their rights are not respected, they are not properly supported, and they do not have enough training”, says Egibar. “Add this to the fact that there is a lack of educational materials to work with and that the classrooms tend to be overcrowded”.
“And not just teachers are needed. There are many other different problems that need resolving if we want to guarantee an equitable quality education for children.”
What needs to change?
If teachers cannot carry out their tasks in adequate conditions, the right of children to a quality education remains at risk. The following is therefore vital:
- Ongoing training for teachers.
- More jobs for teachers and more stability.
- Improvements to learning conditions.
- Support and motivation.
What does Educo do?
At Educo, we work to ensure that the children in our projects receive and equitable quality education. We support the work that teachers who participate in our programs do in several ways. “As well as providing educational resources, we contribute to their ongoing training, strengthening their teaching and educational abilities as well as improving their educational relationships. We also carry out workshops about children rights and we work together to implement the positive treatment of students, avoiding practices like corporal punishment. For us it is fundamental that they are above all thoughtful professionals, aware of their responsibility and sensitive to the essence and timing of childhood” explains the NGO’s Education Specialist.
On World Teacher’s Day we would like to pay tribute to all the teachers around the world who demonstrate their commitment to children’s rights every day.
They prepare them for the future
They protect them in the present | <urn:uuid:a87576eb-0894-4bcf-938e-f168e348fb34> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.educo.org.bd/2019/10/05/world-teachers-day/ | 2023-12-06T21:28:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100603.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206194439-20231206224439-00577.warc.gz | en | 0.973674 | 692 |
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- ORIGINAL ARTICLE
- Open Access
Youth unemployment and active labor market policies in Europe
IZA Journal of Labor Policy volume 5, Article number: 1 (2016)
Since the economic crisis in 2008, European youth unemployment rates have been persistently high at around 20% on average. The majority of European countries spends significant resources each year on active labor market programs (ALMP) with the aim of improving the integration prospects of struggling youths. Among the most common programs used are training courses, job search assistance and monitoring, subsidized employment, and public work programs. For policy makers, it is of upmost importance to know which of these programs work and which are able to achieve the intended goals – may it be the integration into the first labor market or further education. Based on a detailed assessment of the particularities of the youth labor market situation, we discuss the pros and cons of different ALMP types. We then provide a comprehensive survey of the recent evidence on the effectiveness of these ALMP for youth in Europe, highlighting factors that seem to promote or impede their effectiveness in practice. Overall, the findings with respect to employment outcomes are only partly promising. While job search assistance (with and without monitoring) results in overwhelmingly positive effects, we find more mixed effects for training and wage subsidies, whereas the effects for public work programs are clearly negative. The evidence on the impact of ALMP on furthering education participation as well as employment quality is scarce, requiring additional research and allowing only limited conclusions so far.
JEL codes: J13, J68, J64
Young individuals entering the labor market are generally considered to be an at-risk population. They face a higher risk of unemployment than older workers, are more likely to switch between states of joblessness, training and working, and are more likely to enter temporary or precarious types of employment (see, e.g., Quintini et al. 2007). One reason for the lower labor market attachment of youth is their initially low labor market experience. During the school-to-work transition period, labor market entrants tend to learn about their abilities and preferences by “job-shopping” (Topel and Ward 1992), resulting in higher rates of turn-over and more frequent periods of non-employment. At the same time, firms commonly face higher costs of investment and lower costs of termination when employing young workers, making the youth labor market situation more sensitive to demand-side fluctuations, which was recently demonstrated in the aftermath of the financial crisis 2007/2008 (Bell and Blanchflower 2010; Choudhry et al. 2012; Verick 2011). Between 2008 and 2009 youth unemployment rates increased by about five percentage points to a 20% average, then until 2013 they further climbed to 24%; during the same time period, adult unemployment rate changed from 6% to 10%.1
High and persistent levels of youth unemployment give rise to concern, as the negative consequences of extended spells of unemployment early in the career are well documented. On the one hand, joblessness is directly associated with psychological distress and financial hardship for the affected youth (Goldsmith et al. 1997). On the other hand, early unemployment spells may have negative effects on later-life outcomes such as lower wages (Arulampalam 2001; Gregg and Tominey 2005; Kahn 2010; Skans 2004), lower labor market attachment (Gregg 2001), lower well-being (Daly and Delaney 2013), and a higher propensity to engage in criminal activities (Bell et al. 2014; Fougère et al. 2009). The immediate monetary costs of youth unemployment include direct costs for unemployment benefits and social assistance, as well as indirect costs of foregone tax payments and social security contributions. Calculations by Eurofund (2011) suggest that the immediate public costs accruing from youth neither in education nor in employment (NEET) in the EU-26 amounted to 120 billion euros (1% of GDP) in 2008, and to 153 billion euros (1.2% of GDP) in 2011, not accounting for discounted future costs and foregone payments due to the lowered labor market attachment in the long run. In light of demographic change and increasing old-age dependency ratios, the burden of these costs are expected to further increase. Raising employment levels is seen as the most effective strategy with which countries can prepare for population ageing (European Commission 2008), making the youth unemployment problem all the more urgent.
To smooth the school-to-work transition process, to prevent extended spells of unemployment or the complete withdrawal from the labor market, and to promote entry into stable employment relationships, policy makers in many countries resort to active labor market programs (ALMP). Prominent national initiatives include the “New Deal for Young People (NDYP)” in the UK, “Jugend mit Perspektive (JUMP)” in Germany and the “Youth Unemployment Program (YUP)” in Denmark. More recently, the “Youth Guarantee (YG)” adopted by the European Union in 2013 called all member states to set up ALMP programs to ensure that unemployed youth were offered high quality employment or education opportunities within four months of entering unemployment (European Commission 2014).
The types of programs most commonly used can be divided into four categories, namely, labor market training, job search assistance and monitoring, wage subsidies and public sector work programs. Given the relatively high rates of youth unemployment, it is not surprising that large shares of the active youth population participate in ALMP, as can be seen in Fig. 1. The average youth unemployment rate in the presented countries was at 23% in 2012, and, on average, 9% of the active youth participated in ALMP. Unfortunately, however, the quantitative importance attributed to the use of ALMP to fighting youth unemployment stands in stark contrast to the low level of knowledge we have regarding their effectiveness. Grubb (1999) provides a descriptive summary of the early evidence (up to 2000) on the effectiveness of specific ALMP for disadvantaged youth in the US. He concludes that training and education measures are largely unsuccessful, but points to promising combinations of training with a close labor market link and additional support schemes. Reproducing the negative findings on training programs for OECD countries, Martin and Grubb (2001) suggest that wage subsidies are among the most promising programs for youths. Heckman et al. (1999) study the evidence of ALMP in the US and Europe, reaching the conclusion that none of the program types substantially benefit unemployed youth. A meta-analysis of European ALMP evaluation studies up to the year 2000 is provided by Kluve et al. (2002) who find that youth tend to benefit less from ALMP participation than adults. Similar results emerge in the more recent and comprehensive meta-analyses by Kluve (2010) and Card et al. (2010) showing that programs targeted at youths, and in particular those involving training, are less effective in increasing employment levels than programs targeted at the general population of unemployed.
The particularity of the youth labor market situation and the results from the meta-analyses suggest that assessments of the effectiveness of ALMP for adults are most likely not valid for youth. So far, no consensus exists on the effectiveness of the different ALMP programs for this age group. With this study we aim to fill this gap. Aggregating the evidence of a substantial number of recent studies assessing the effectiveness of ALMP for youth, we provide a comprehensive re-assessment of the questions revolving around which policies work for whom and under which conditions. Unlike the recent meta-analyses we thereby pay special attention to the specificity of the youth labor market situation, highlighting the particularities that might promote or mitigate the effects of ALMP programs for young individuals. In line with the previous literature, we focus on the micro-evidence of the effectiveness of ALMP, distinguishing between the four types of programs that are most commonly employed to promote a direct labor market entry: labor market training, job search assistance and monitoring, wage subsidies and public sector work programs. Besides focusing on the effect of ALMP on employment take-up, we also examine the evidence available on education participation, and the findings on the quality of the accepted employment whenever available. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a quick overview of the labor market situation of youth in Europe and discusses the role of ALMP. Section 3 presents the collected evidence on the effects of the different policies, before Section 4 concludes.
The labor market for youth in Europe
A quick glance at the European situation
Table 1 depicts various indicators describing the labor market situation of youth for different European countries in 2013. Column (1) shows that there exists substantial variation across countries in the unemployment rates2 for youth below 25 years, ranging from 8% in Germany to over 40% in Italy, Spain and Greece. Similarly, the share of youth in long-term unemployment in column (3) ranges from 5% to 7% in Finland and Sweden to over 50% in Italy, Greece and the Slovak Republic. As these cross-country differences are linked to differences in economic performance or the institutional set-up, youth-specific labor market patterns are highlighted when relating youth labor market outcomes to those of more senior workers. In particular, this reveals that the youth labor market situation across countries shares several common features. The youth/adult unemployment ratio in column (2) shows that youth are, on average, two to three times more likely to be unemployed than adult workers – with the largest differences observed in Sweden, the UK, and Italy. At the same time, the probability of becoming long-term unemployed is commonly substantially lower for youths than for adults. The relative shares of long-term unemployed between youth and adults depicted in column (4) show that youth long-term unemployment risk is, on average, only two thirds the value of adult long-term unemployment.
Part of the differences in the youth-adult (long-term) unemployment risk can be explained by the higher job mobility and the higher likelihood to enter inactivity among youth. As depicted in columns (5) and (6) of Table 1, the inactivity rate3 among youth ranges between below 30% (Netherlands, Switzerland and Iceland) and 70% (Greece, Hungary, Luxemburg and Italy). On average, they are hence about four times more likely to be inactive than adults. While part of this higher inactivity is driven by entry into formal education – note that countries with an extensive apprenticeship-based secondary education system in which youth are counted as working, such as Germany, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland, exhibit a much lower inactivity rate – youth are generally also less attached to the labor market, and hence more likely to withdraw from labor force. An indicator capturing the size of this risk group is the share of youth neither in education nor in employment (NEET). Column (7) shows that about one third of countries exhibit NEET shares above 20% among the age group of 20 to 24-year-olds, with the Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain and Greece), some Eastern European countries (Poland, Slovak Republic and Hungary) and Ireland being affected most heavily.
The labor market transition of youth is generally highly correlated with the levels of educational attainment (Quintini et al. 2007). Averaged European unemployment rates from 2013 suggest that youth who have obtained at most a schooling degree at the lower secondary level are 1.7-times more likely to be unemployed than youth who have at most obtained an upper secondary degree, and they about two times more likely to be unemployed than youth with a tertiary education degree. In the Southern European countries that were hit particularly hard during the economic crisis – Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain – the unemployment rates of lower secondary and upper secondary school graduates only differ by a factor of 1.1 in favor of the higher educated. In the other European countries, the respective unemployment rates differed by a factor of 1.8 (Eurostat 2013).4
Differences in economic conditions, education and labor market policies may result in systematic cross-country differences in the chances of youth to enter the labor market. As outlined above, youth from countries that were hit hardest by the economic crisis (Southern European countries, Ireland) and that are hence plagued with structurally low labor demand, are more likely to be (long-term) unemployed, are more likely to enter inactivity, and to experience lower returns to education. Several studies underline the close relation between labor market institutions, e.g., hiring policies, minimum wages, and youth unemployment levels (Addison and Teixeira 2003; Bertola et al. 2007; Jimeno and Rodríguez-Palenzuela 2003). The close link between the schooling system and labor market entry of youth is documented most intensely. On the one hand, the general schooling system may affect the tendency of youth to leave school early, i.e. to finishing their education with a degree at the lower secondary or lower level, with the consequence of experiencing more difficulties entering the labor market.
On the other hand, the structure of post-mandatory, professional education options affects the youth labor market transition. In countries with established vocational education tracks or an extensive apprenticeship system, youth participating in vocational education tend to experience a faster entry into the labor market than youth entering the labor market after participating in mostly general education (Hanushek et al. 2011; Neuman and Ziderman 1999; Riphahn and Zibrowius 2015; Ryan 2001; Winkelmann 1996).5 The reason for this faster entry due to vocational education is attributable to an improved short-run alignment of the supply and demand for skills. In particular, skill or qualification mismatch is likely to reduce the quality and stability of initially accepted jobs (Wolbers 2003), with potentially long-lasting negative effects of later-life labor market outcomes (Liu et al. 2012). At the same time, the increasing phenomenon of over-education (Quintini 2011) may result in decreased chances of low-skilled workers finding employment due to crowding-out (Borghans et al. 2000; Dolado et al. 2000). According to Quintini (2011), the Netherlands, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Luxembourg and Portugal are amongst the countries with highest levels of over-qualification.
The role of active labor market policies
The primary objective of active labor market programs for youth is to integrate unemployed youth into the labor market, stabilize their career entry, and/or to promote the take-up of vocational training as an intermediate step to labor market entry. Column (8) in Table 1 shows that countries exhibit substantial differences with respect to participation in ALMP. While in Slovenia, Estonia and the Netherlands the share of youth in ALMP is below 10% of the unemployed youth population, it exceeds 100% in Austria, Germany and Hungary (meaning that individuals participate in more than one program on average). Column (9) relates the share of unemployed youth participating in ALMP to the share of unemployed adults participating in ALMP. An indicator larger than 1 shows that youth are over-represented in ALMP compared to adults (e.g., in Austria, France and Germany), while an indicator below 1 indicates that they are under-represented (e.g., in Denmark, Estonia and Finland).
The previous Section points to three areas of intervention depending on the source of the labor market problem: the stimulation of labor demand, the avoidance of long-term unemployment, and the elimination of educational mismatch. In case educational mismatch is at the root of the unemployment problem, ALMP training programs serve to align the skill-level of the unemployed youth to that of labor demand. As youth are more prone to engage in further formal education, it is sensible to distinguish short- and long-term training measures. While short-run programs tend to be of remedial nature, aiming to overcome minor and specific skill deficits, long-run training programs aim to overcome more structural skill deficits such as gaps in general education. As the latter types of programs stand in direct competition to formal education, their benefits need to be evaluated relative to regular schooling or training options and are thus likely to be less strong than programs for adults who would otherwise not engage in any education. Also, depending on the types of professional education options available, ALMP training may not be similarly valued as formal education by employers, and participation in them may entail negative stigmatization effects. A smaller part of training ALMP are preparatory training programs that promote the take-up of regular formal education, such as the continuation of general schooling, or participation in apprenticeship-based vocational education.
Since the returns to upgrading skills may be low if the overall demand for youth labor is low – as outlined above – a second issue to be addressed by ALMP programs is the stimulation of youth labor demand. There are several reasons why the demand for youth labor may be low. First, youth are commonly the ones most affected by economic downturn, as firms may be less willing or able to let go of workers with longer tenure. Second, even under normal economic conditions, employers may prefer hiring more experienced workers, in particular, if previous work credentials or colleague referrals allow employers to discriminate better between low and high ability workers (compare Montgomery, 1991, for a theoretical analysis of employee referrals). Third, in the presence of job-specific human capital, firms may be less willing to hire youth and invest in costly training if there is a high probability that youth leave the firm without redeeming this initial investment (see Wolter and Ryan, 2011, for an extensive summary of firm’s training involvement). Hence, if low work- or job-specific experience is a barrier to initial labor market entry, the provision of financial incentives for employers to hire and train young people may constitute an effective tool to improve labor market integration. As youth gain more experience and firms are better able to observe their ability, it is intended that youth are offered regular work contracts following the initial subsidy period. Furthermore, Cockx and Picchio (2013) suggest that stigmatization rather than the depreciation of human capital may be the source of state-dependence in long-term unemployment among youth. Following this line of reasoning, wage subsidies promoting the take-up of “real” employment, albeit subsidized, may help youth signal their employability.
A third issue to be addressed by ALMP is the avoidance of long-term unemployment spells, which were found to have particularly detrimental long-term effects for youth (see Section 1). Job search programs and tight monitoring schemes aim to achieve a fast activation of youth early in the unemployment spell. As youth are more likely to enter inactivity as a response to longer spells in unemployment, these measures may also prevent complete withdrawal of youth from the labor market in the long-run. A potential downside of these approaches is that they may result in a direct withdrawal from the labor market when monitoring and sanction are imposed too fiercely. Studies for adult unemployed find that monitoring and sanctioning increase take-up of employment, but may also result in withdrawal from the labor market (see, e.g., Arni et al. 2013; van den Berg et al. 2013). Because of the higher risk of youth of entering inactivity, higher intensity activation schemes may result in stronger drop-out responses among youths compared to adults. In a similar vein, but targeted at more disadvantaged youth, public employment schemes are used to keep youth in the labor market by offering a work-like environment including low levels of payment. While these types of programs are usually ineffective for adults, they could provide a stepping-stone for youth when combined with training for regular jobs.
A general issue arising from the previous Section is that youth tend to experience higher labor market mobility than adults, the consequences of which on labor market outcomes are ambiguous. On the one hand, job changes may allow an upward movement in the career- and wage-ladder and allow youth to become aware of their skills and preferences (Topel and Ward 1992). On the other hand, it has been found that job-changes promote further job-changes (occurrence dependence) and that early job instability significantly reduces later wages (see, e.g., Doiron and Gørgens 2008; Neumark and Wascher 2006). Consequently, ALMP programs should also be measured by their ability to improve the job match quality and stability of accepted employment. If participation in ALMP helps youth to learn about their preferences, career or schooling opportunities, or allow to signal their abilities to employers, this is likely to improve choices and stability of subsequent employment. Against this background it is particularly interesting to assess the long-run effects of, e.g., training measures or financial incentives to employers, as the benefits of these measures may lie in an increased long-run stability of employment.
Active labor market policies and their effects
In this Section, we summarize the findings of 37 evaluation studies assessing the impact of ALMP measures for youth in Europe (see Table 3 in the Appendix for a full list of studies). We include evaluation studies that consider programs specifically targeted at unemployed youth, as well as evaluation studies assessing the performance of general ALMP programs including a subgroup-specific analysis for youth. Tables 4 to 7 in the Appendix provide a brief overview of the studies included in the analysis, classified by the type of program under investigation. In line with the most common types of ALMP encountered in practice, four broad types of programs are distinguished: labor market training, job search assistance and monitoring, wage subsidies, and public sector work programs.
We restrict our overview to studies that convincingly address the problem of non-random selection into treatment, e.g., by conducting randomized field experiments, exploiting exogenous variation in program access, controlling for a large set of informative control variables, or using other state-of-the-art econometric evaluation techniques. The bulk of evaluation studies use the conditional independence or “unconfoundedness” assumption for identification, thus assuming that controlling for observed characteristics is sufficient to capture selection into the different treatment options. The ALMP evaluation literature offers some guidelines regarding the most informative characteristics to be included to control for non-random selection (e.g., Caliendo et al. 2014; Lechner and Wunsch 2013), and we preselected studies adhering to these guidelines. However, it is clear that by the short previous labor market history of youth and the stronger variability in terms of initial labor market attachment, there is a risk that unobserved heterogeneity plays an even stronger role for the youth than for the adult working population.
Next to considering the employment effect of the ALMP programs, we also assess, where available, program impact estimates on education participation and the quality of accepted employment. On the one hand, participation in education constitutes a relevant outcome of interest as youth may wish to continue further formal education once exposed to the treatment rather than entering the labor market directly. Under the assumption that higher levels of human capital result in a better long-term labor market prospects, this may also be a desirable outcome of ALMP programs for youth. On the other hand, as youth tend to consider participation in formal education as an alternative to remaining unemployed, short-run positive employment effects of policies may arise due to the control group entering education rather than remaining unemployed. As it is not clear how the returns to labor market policy programs compare to that of formal education participation, this substitution effect should be kept in mind when evaluating the effect of ALMP for youth.
In the next four subsections we briefly describe the programs under consideration, the evidence we collected on their effects, and summarize the main findings; subsection 3.5 condenses the findings across programs and outcome variables and concludes.
Labor market training
Program Description Labor market training courses are one of the main interventions used to integrate unemployed individuals into employment. The training content can be very heterogenous, ranging from purely classroom-based training to purely on-the-job training within firms, with varying durations between a couple of weeks to over one year. The purpose of these labor market training programs is to extend or to adapt the labor market relevant skill set of participants, so that a faster and more stable integration into employment can be achieved. Training programs within firms serve the additional purpose of providing youth with some level of work experience and send productivity signals to employers, making them potentially more likely to hire participants later on. This additional “foot-in-the-door” effect of within-company training may be particularly relevant for youth with limited signals of prior labor market participation. It may hence be expected that, all else equal, within-firm training has a better employment effect than formal classroom training. At the same time, by being more practically oriented, firm-based training tends to be offered predominantly to disadvantaged youth with stronger barriers towards direct labor market integration. This differential selection into classroom-based and school-based training programs suggests that the evaluation results for these two programs are not readily comparable.
Evaluation Results In total, we collected evidence from 19 studies in 8 countries. Overall, the employment effects of purely classroom-based labor market training are mixed, showing both positive and zero employment effects. Abstracting from negative locking-in effects during participation, only one of the studies (Norway) finds a negative longer-term employment effect. Three studies also assessing the effect of classroom-based training on unemployment or education show that a positive employment effect often coincides with a zero effect on the unemployment levels (see Table 4 for details) or a negative effect on education. This confirms the hypothesis that classroom-based training may result in a crowding out of formal education or serve as a substitute for it. The close link between ALMP training and formal training participation is also supported by a study from Denmark (1) assessing the effects of announcing labor market training to the unemployed. Here it is found that the “threat” of expected labor market training results in an increase in education take-up but no increase in the employment probability. It has to be noted that a large share of the evidence of classroom based training comes from Germany (five out of nine studies), but omitting these studies from the aggregation would not change the general conclusion.
The evidence of the employment effects of mixed school- and work-based training is somewhat more scarce and also more mixed: four studies find either positive, zero or negative effects. The negative results are found in the Swedish (3) and the Norwegian study, both examining a period during the early 1990’s where both economies experienced a tremendous downturn.6 Hence, the evidence is likely to be affected by these economic circumstances. The French (1) study finds zero (negative)7 effects for the higher educated and positive effects for youth with low previous education, thus suggesting that work-based training is more beneficial for the more disadvantaged and may entail stigmatization for youth with higher schooling.
Studies analyzing the effectiveness of labor market training relative to other types of ALMP tend to find that training performs better or similar to public sector job creation but worse than practical work experience, as provided, e.g., by wage subsidies. The Swedish (5) study suggests that practical training works better than school-based training. Four studies assess the effect of classroom training on the match quality of subsequent jobs, as, e.g., reflected by the wage level or duration of employment spell. These studies mostly find a positive effect, but by the limited amount of evidence, further studies are needed to support this finding.
Summary The overall effectiveness of ALMP training is heterogenous. Purely school-based training has either positive or no effects on employment but negative effects on participation in formal education. The effects of firm-based training or mixtures of firm-based and classroom training are more negative in terms of employment outcomes, but they seem to entail less of a trade-off in terms of education outcomes. While there is much less evidence for firm-based training overall, the negative evidence from Sweden and Norway may not be representative for the overall effectiveness as both pertain to periods with very negative labor market conditions, a situation in which training is likely to be less effective. However, two other studies (Germany and Finland) also show zero overall effects; the only positive evidence comes from France (for youth with low levels of previous education). A potential explanation for the lower effectiveness of mixed training is that the most disadvantaged youth for whom practical training programs are intended may require more intensive or additional support. Negative employment effects for youth with higher levels of previous education could be due to the low reputation of practical training, so that participation in such programs exhibits stigmatization effects.
Job search assistance and monitoring
Program Description Job search assistance measures comprise counseling and mentoring activities by caseworkers of the public employment services or external providers, including the provision of vacancy information as well as short-term training or coaching programs assisting youth in their application process. A primary focus of these programs is to increase the commitment and motivation of job search among youth. In most countries, this comes with higher intensity support and is also linked to higher levels of monitoring. This, in combination with implicit or explicit threats of benefit sanctioning, is expected to increase compliance with job search requirements and thus increase the exit rate out of unemployment. Previous research points to the double-edged consequences of monitoring and sanctioning schemes, as increased unemployment exit rates in the short-run tend to come at the cost of lower quality job matches and decreased employment stability in the long-run. For youth, the effectiveness of sanctioning is a-priori uncertain, as youth may be more likely to resort to their parents for financial support. Consequently, the threat of or even actual benefit withdrawal may push youth towards non-activity rather than into employment relationships.
Evaluation Results Based on evidence from 16 studies in 8 countries (see Table 5 in the Appendix), we find that counseling and monitoring results in significantly positive employment effects in the majority of evaluation studies. We distinguish between studies of combinations of counseling and monitoring (eight studies), counseling without monitoring (four studies), and monitoring or/and sanctioning only (four studies). We find that the programs involving counseling tend to yield predominantly positive effects, irrespective of whether they involve monitoring. Out of the studies combining job search assistance and monitoring, the studies from Denmark (3), Portugal and Sweden (8) are the only ones that result in a zero or even a negative effect. The Danish study assesses the effects of job search just prior to the start of the economic crisis in 2008 and suggests that the combination of unfavorable economic conditions and a very high baseline activation in the control group may have resulted in a zero effect and an increased exit rate into inactivity among the treated. In Sweden (8) zero effects are found for long-term unemployed youth under difficult economic conditions, suggesting that job search activities may not be sufficient for this difficult target group. The Portuguese study, in contrast, explores a pilot project implemented during fairly beneficial economic conditions. It hence seems more plausible that the results are attributable to other factors, such as the low connectedness of the public employment services with local economic actors (Centeno 2001).
Of the four studies assessing job search assistance alone, three studies explore the effects of changing from public to private providers of assistance. As private providers have higher monetary incentives to place the unemployed in stable employment, these studies aim to capture the effect of more intensive counseling, assuming that the provider change itself does not have an additional employment effect. The studies from Germany (3) and France (4) find positive employment effects of the provider change, while the Swedish study does not find an effect, suggesting that this is due to the high baseline activation for youth at the public employment services. Exploiting random differences in the share of youth changing from public to private providers, the French study shows that a higher counseling intensity at private providers entails significant displacement effects for youth not benefitting from the intensified counseling, in particular in areas with problematic labor market conditions. The overall labor market effect of the intensified counseling in France was zero.
Monitoring alone yields either zero results (in Hungary and Sweden (4)), or short-run positive results (in Germany (8), UK (4)) and long-run negative results due to increased long-run exits from the labor force. The studies for Hungary and Sweden evaluate the effect of an increased (announced) monitoring intensity and do not find any affect on employment rates. While the program set-up differs in many details, both interventions are reported to exhibit rather low actual risks of sanctioning for non-compliance in job search or for turning down job offers, which may hence have resulted in a low level of compliance. The study in the UK, in contrast, considers a policy reform increasing the actual risk of sanctioning, finding that after an initially positive employment effect, the medium-run effects on employment are negative, as youth tend to resort to alternative sources of social benefits, exempting them from any job search activities. Furthermore, negative effects on wage levels are found, the absolute size of which are larger for youth than for adults. The study for Germany (8) assesses the effects of temporary benefit withdrawal and finds substantial positive short-run employment effects that are increasing with the intensity of the sanction. While the effect on employment quality is not available, the authors suggest that the complete withdrawal of benefits may have had substantial negative effects on employment quality or labor force participation.
Summary In summary, the evaluation evidence suggests that job search assistance programs exhibit a similar effectiveness for youth as they do for the overall working population (Kluve 2010). Positive long-run effects of job search assistance suggest that counseling may not only help youth find employment faster but also helps them enter more stable employment of higher quality. But further research is needed to corroborate the quality aspects of job search assistance. The study from France (4) suggests that positive long-run results may arise due to displacement of non-treated youth. This would clearly lower the overall benefit of the intensified job search. At the same time, there is some evidence that job search assistance exhibits decreasing marginal returns for the treated. Several countries having developed intensified activation specifically for youth – e.g., Denmark, Sweden and Germany - report zero or even negative effects of additional activation (see for a German study on an intensified activation mix Wolff and Nivorozhkin 2012). At the same time, the effectiveness of counseling and monitoring seems to be low under bad economic conditions and for long-term unemployed youth.
The small evidence available regarding the effect of monitoring and sanctioning suggests that youth respond positively to a sanction (threat of sanctioning) in terms of employment outcomes in the short-run, but they may also leave the labor force. Accompanying qualitative evidence of the consequences of sanctions suggests that the unemployed subject to sanctions are commonly those exhibiting more profound difficulties, such as family-related problems, mental illness or drug addictions. Sanctions further tend to aggravate this problem, so it does not seem advisable to use sanctions as a method to activate the most disadvantaged.
Program Description Subsidized wages or income support schemes are primarily aimed at providing a financial incentive for employers to hire youth with lower relative initial productivity. As employers may expect costs of initial training investment, or may need to pay wages exceeding the expected initial productivity, wage subsidies are intended to compensate employers for these incurred costs. For example, in the presence of minimum wage regulations, wage subsidies may bridge the gap between a productivity equivalent payment and the minimum wage. At the same time, if youth are unwilling to work for the low wages offered to them by employers, wage subsidies may increase the wage level and thus the incentives of youth to work. Commonly, wage subsidies are paid for a limited time period (between several months up to one or two years) in the hope that by the time the subsidy expires, youth have sufficiently increased their skill set to be hired under regular working contracts by the same or a different firm. Some programs combine the payment of a wage subsidy with vocational training arrangements in an apprenticeship-type working contract. The level of the subsidy varies; in Germany and the UK it amounted to 40% to 60% of the wage costs. Additionally in the UK, a lump-sum payment was paid for additional training expenses.
Evaluation Results We have identified 8 studies in 6 countries examining wage subsidies (see Table 6 in the Appendix for details). Studies for Belgium, Germany, Norway and Sweden consider the effectiveness of subsidized wage contracts in which training is not a prominent element and find that wage subsidies either increase employment levels or have a zero employment effect. As the programs set up in Norway, Sweden and Germany were very similar, the zero employment effects found for Sweden and Norway may be linked to the very bad labor market conditions mentioned above. The set-up of the Belgium subsidy was somewhat different in that it was only for part-time working women who earned less than the full-time minimum wage. The set-up included an in-built disincentive for employers to increase the wages of subsidy-recipients, and it was paid for an unlimited duration as long as the part-time workers were willing to accept fulltime employment if it became available. Despite the risk that the program would become a “part-time trap”, the program showed substantial positive effects on the take-up of regular employment, which were most likely attributable to the work-experience during the subsidy. The beneficial labor market conditions during the observation period may have also contributed positively to this “stepping-stone” effect of the subsidy.
Three studies from France (2) and the UK (1 and 3) analyze the effects of wage subsidies in combination with training. In France, low-skilled youth benefitted less from this practical work than from regular short-term work contracts but benefitted similarly compared to public work schemes, which could again be explained by potential stigmatization of practical training schemes. The UK (1) study finds, in contrast, that recipients of wage subsidies exhibit a significantly positive wage growth in the long-run. In a comparative study for the UK (3), it is found that subsidized wages in combination with training performs best in terms of employment compared to all other ALMP programs.
Summary While most of the studies find pronounced positive employment and wage effects of wage subsidies, an obvious caveat of wage subsidy programs is the high likelihood of deadweight effects arising from employers hiring youth with a wage subsidy even though they would have hired the youth without. This is generally difficult to measure and none of the empirical studies addresses this problem. A further issue to be taken into account is the problem of worker substitution, resulting in a zero-sum game, when workers eligible for the subsidy are hired at the expense of un-eligible but substitutable workers (e.g., unemployed below 25 years vs. older than 25 years). Riley and Young (2001) and Van Reenen (2004) assess the magnitude of substitution effects in context of the NDYP in the UK and find little to no evidence of substitution of different age groups. However, as not all youth participating in the NDYP took part in the wage subsidy program, this evidence may not be transferable to more intensive uses of subsidies. Unfortunately, we are unaware of any study addressing the magnitude of the substitution effect of wage subsidies directly.
Public sector work programs
Program Description Public Sector Work programs are state-funded temporary employment opportunities in the public sector that usually involve production of socially valuable goods or services. The programs are mainly aimed at creating employment opportunities and giving youth some work experience. While they may comprise parallel participation in practical training courses, they are often intended to familiarize inexperienced, disadvantaged youth with a routine work environment. Participants usually receive a low level of remuneration during participation. While this may increase the willingness of youth to participate in the program, this may also have the unintended effect of reducing the search effort for “real” jobs. Also, as public work programs do not establish contact to “real” firms or employers, they do not offer a direct way into the labor market.
Evaluation Results The evaluation evidence for these programs is largely based on evidence from Germany and France, where we have identified five and two studies, respectively (plus one from the UK, see Table 7 in the Appendix). However, here, a rather homogenous picture arises in that work programs most commonly have zero effect on the employment outcomes. While this may result from a very negative selection of youth into these programs, comparative studies also suggest that public work programs tend to perform worse in terms of employment outcomes than other ALMP options.
Summary The results for the young unemployed participating in public work programs are rather discouraging. Very similar to the results for the adult working population, we find overwhelmingly zero or negative effects. Hence, it is very questionable whether these programs are an adequate solution – even in challenging economic situations.
Summary of results
Table 2 summarizes the findings from Sections 3.1 to 3.4 and provides a brief description of the identified effects for the four types of programs along three outcome dimensions. As we have already mentioned previously, the most common outcome examined is the integration into the first labor market, i.e., into regular employment, and (nearly) all studies provide evidence on that. Since this is not the only interesting outcome, we also summarize the effects on job quality and education where available. The first two outcome dimensions are usually also examined for the adult population, the last one is of interest in the given context of youth unemployment.
Table 2 not only lists the number of studies, but also the number of estimated effects. These numbers can differ because some studies contain effects for different subgroups (e.g., with/without a formal school degree) and or regions (e.g., East and West Germany). If we concentrate on the employment outcome first, we see that the most positive effects are found for job search assistance (12 positive out of 20), followed by wage subsidies (4 positive out of 8). The evidence for labor market training is mixed (11 positive, 12 insignificant and 6 negative), whereas the effect for public work programs is clearly negative (5 negative, 8 insignificant, 1 positive). With respect to education participation and employment quality, evidence is rather scarce. However, the cumulated evidence on training allows for the tentative conclusion that training has a negative effect on formal education participation (7 out of 11) and a positive effect on employment quality (5 out of 9). For the other types of programs, the evidence is too scarce to make a meaningful interpretation.
Differentiating training programs by purely classroom based training, training containing practical elements, and training within the firm, we find that purely classroom based training tends to perform somewhat better (9 positive, 9 zero, 2 negative) than mixed classroom and practical training schemes. As outlined in the text, this differential finding may be attributable to difference in characteristics of the participants or stigmatization effects related to participation in practical training. In contrast, when differentiating job search assistance evidence by studies looking at programs that include counseling versus programs that only include monitoring or sanctioning, the qualitative finding on employment outcomes does not change. Overall, it hence seems that job search assistance and wage subsidies perform similarly well in terms of improving employment outcomes of their participants. Classroom based training often performs similarly well, but risks losing effectiveness if it stands in competition to regular formal education. Unfortunately, however, a further comparison in terms of education outcomes and employment stability is not possible due to the lack of evidence.
Unfortunately, most of the evaluation studies under consideration do not address the issue of costs-effectiveness of the respective programs. It is interesting, however, to look at approximate calculations8 based on the program specific expenditure information drawn from the Eurostat Database. This suggests that the average per-capita expenditure is highest for wage subsidies (about 3,200 euros), followed by training programs (2,500 euros), job creation schemes (2,200) and job search services as the least expensive (1,200 euros). The relatively high costs of job creation schemes stand in contrast to their effectiveness, and are likely to be driven by having the disadvantaged youths as focus group. Based on the calculations by Eurofund (2011, p. 62ff.) of the country-specific costs of NEET arising due to yearly foregone earnings in 2008, the per-capita costs incurred by these ALMP programs can be compared with the costs incurred by not having youths in the labor force. This can provide a more tangible assessment of the importance of the costs of maintaining ALMP. This exercise shows that the per-capita cost of wage subsidies amount to about 40% of foregone earnings, 30% of foregone earnings in case of training programs, about 35% for job creation schemes and 10% for job search programs.9 The costs of wage subsidies are quite sizeable, but given their above average effectiveness, they stand out relative to similarly costly job creation schemes that are often found to result in zero or negative employment effects. In contrast, the low relative costs of job search measures in combination with their relatively high effectiveness suggest that they are commonly cost-effective.
Reducing youth unemployment is a key challenge in many European countries, especially in the aftermath of the most recent economic slowdown. Youth are a population at risk and exhibit a much higher risk of becoming unemployed than the adult population. The youth-adult unemployment ratio ranged from 1.6 to 3.6 in 2013, but even in relatively calm economic circumstances, as in the pre-crisis years 2005 to 2007, the youth-adult unemployment ratio was between 2 and 3 on average. Keeping in mind that unemployment at early stages can have severe long-term consequences on labor market outcomes as well as on other socio-economic factors, policy-makers use active labor market policies as a potential solution and spend significant resources on them. Most commonly, four broad types of programs are distinguished: labor market training, job search assistance and monitoring, wage subsidies, and public sector work programs.
We review the existing evidence on the effectiveness of these different ALMP programs from evaluation studies in Europe addressing the potential problem of selection bias in a convincing way. What becomes immediately apparent is that the overwhelming majority of studies only assess the effects on employment take-up. While this is understandable given the main objective (and also comparable to the adult population), it might be too shortsighted for the youth population. Here, additional outcome dimensions – such as the take-up up of higher formal education or the job quality – should also be considered.
The presented evidence shows differences in the results across but also within different ALMP types. Job search assistance with and without monitoring results in overwhelmingly positive effects. These programs are usually not very cost intensive and seem to work in many different circumstances. However, it also seems that “too much” job search activation can result in zero or even negative employment effects, suggesting that they do not provide the optimal solution for all youth. Similarly, the question of whether job search and monitoring also lead to “better” jobs has not been addressed sufficiently by the literature. The few studies considering employment quality find rather mixed effects, suggesting, however, that harsh monitoring and sanctioning schemes result in negative employment outcomes.
Labor market training programs are most commonly used for youths and have been studied most extensively. The overall results are somewhat mixed: for less than half of the programs/sub-groups, positive effects are found; and for the majority, we find insignificant or even negative effects. The negative findings are predominantly driven by the performance of combinations of classroom and practical training, as well as classroom-based training programs under adverse economic conditions in which an upgrading of skills may not be sufficient to improve labor market integration chances in the short- to medium-run. Excluding these studies, the evidence on classroom-based training is similarly positive compared to that of job search assistance. A particularity of classroom-based training ALMP is that it may reduce the take up of formal education. This crowding out of formal training is clearly an issue to be addressed in further research.
The hopes one might have had with public work programs are not met. Very similar to the results for the adult population, only one of the reviewed studies shows positive effects. Instead of providing a bridge to regular employment, they seem to entail locking-in or even stigmatization effects. It is thus questionable whether they should be used in the current (or any) situation. In contrast, the effects of wage subsidies on employment take-up are always positive (or insignificant), suggesting that subsidized “real” work experience often provides a stepping stone in regular employment. Wage subsidies evaluated under bad economic conditions were found to perform less well, suggesting that they are no panacea for stimulating labor demand. Unfortunately, little is known about the effects on job quality or stability.
Overall, the aggregate evidence of the effectiveness of ALMP is somewhat discouraging, suggesting that some – but not all – elements of ALMP programs can be a solution for the youth unemployment problem. The evidence also raises the question of whether the money spent on ALMP for the young unemployed is well invested or whether the money should be used to tackle potential problems earlier. While investing in early education is definitively favorable (Heckman 2006), these investments have a long-term horizon and will not be a solution for all youth at risk.
In particular, it remains an important challenge for policy-makers to devise activation schemes that benefit youth with very low skills and motivation and/or socially disadvantaged backgrounds. While job search and monitoring programs seem to be a very promising start for many youth, neither of the programs under study were targeted to the benefit of the most disadvantaged. Similarly, training programs with practical elements that tend to be targeted at youth with low initial schooling are found not to work very well. Promising strategies for disadvantaged youth may comprise intensive mentoring programs (see Rodriguez-Planas 2012 for evidence on the U.S.) but also programs that take into account social or health-related factors that may be at the source of a difficult labor market entry (currently ongoing projects include Crépon et al. 2015; van den Berg et al. 2015).
Similarly, more policy emphasis should be given to promoting the take-up of stable employment relationships. Helping youth to learn about their preference by personalized coaching, information about career opportunities, or structured labor market entry program could help improve the career choices made by youth. Saniter and Siedler (2014) show that the introduction of occupational counseling centers in Germany resulted in smoother labor market entry among affected school leavers. Similarly, it is expected that training programs might also bring the largest return in terms of human capital investment in the long-run. Unfortunately, most of the studies summarized here were not able to identify long-term effects. The observation period of most examined studies ranges from several months to two years (with very few exceptions), thus hardly qualifying as long-term. The review hence also highlights the shortcomings in current research with respect to the long-term consequences of policy measures. Further research should put a stronger focus on education and job quality outcomes in the long-term perspective.
1 Based on unemployment rates for youths (aged 15 and 24) and adults (aged 25 and 54) in 2008 and 2013 in the EU-27; provided by Eurostat.
2 The European Labor Force Survey defines unemployment as “without work during the reference week, currently available for work and either actively seeking work in the last four weeks, or expecting to start a job within the next three months.” The unemployment period is defined as the duration of job search or the time since the last job was held.
3 Inactivity is defined as not working and not searching for work and/or unavailable for work. The concept of inactivity is hence not related to receipt of unemployment benefits, which would affect youth disproportionately as they had less time to build up unemployment benefit claims.
4 The country-average is based on Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxemburg, Hungary, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden and the UK.
5 European countries with the most developed vocational education and apprenticeship systems are, e.g., Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Denmark and partially also the Netherlands. See Eichhorst et al. (2015) for a more detailed definition and assessment of the role of vocational education in industrialized countries.
6 The Swedish unemployment rates more than tripled during the time period of investigation (from 3% to over 9%). In Norway, the unemployment rate during the period of investigation was at an all-time high at 5%.
7 Depending on the specification; unfortunately the authors do not provide guidance of which of the two estimates is more reliable.
8 According to the share of young participants in the respective program types, total expenditure information for youths were calculated for each country and program-type assuming that the program cost for youth and adult participants are similar. Price-differences across countries are accounted for by dividing country-specific costs by the purchasing power parities for government services. To increase reliability we only included countries that provided expenditures on at least two types of programs, and averaged expenditure information available between 2010 and 2013 whenever possible, otherwise the latest information available was used. Countries included are BE, DE, EE, ES, FR, LV, LT, AT, PL, PT, SI, SK, FI, SE.
9 The increase in relative costs of job creation schemes suggests that countries with low foregone earnings invest relatively more on job creation schemes than on other measures.
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The authors thank Gerard van den Berg, one anonymous referee, and the editor for helpful comments and Juliane Hennecke and Claudia Stier for valuable research assistance.
The IZA Journal of Labor Policy is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The authors declare that they have observed these principles.
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Caliendo, M., Schmidl, R. Youth unemployment and active labor market policies in Europe. IZA J Labor Policy 5, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40173-016-0057-x
- Youth unemployment
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presto Light Filler "styrene-free" has, due to the use of novel fillers, a density lower than 1 kg / dm³. That means, that the weight of the Light Filler is only half as high as conventional fillers. Therefore you can use it on objects, which shall not be loaded with high weight.
- car bodies, even made of plastic
- re-working of weld seams and folds
- in boat building, during repair of boats and surfbaords
- in model making or
- to repair powder coatings
For preparation and finishing your filling job, we recommend our presto sand papers. We offer a wide assortment of fine and coarse papers for dry and wet sanding. | <urn:uuid:82284e91-1d2f-4dec-9925-a791b786bbc9> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | https://www.motipdupli.com/en/products/presto/styrene-free-putties/ipg-1633.html | 2019-04-22T08:59:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578548241.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422075601-20190422101601-00161.warc.gz | en | 0.958844 | 163 |
|Location:||NSW - Sydney|
|Posted:||about 1 month ago|
About our client
Our client is a full-service, independent Australian law firm that has experienced unparalleled growth – across a breath of areas - in recent years. They are a renowned firm that offer collaborative working environment, market-leading benefits/ rewards along with realistic career development options.
About the role
An exciting career opportunity has arisen for an Associate to join a growing Intellectual Property team in Sydney. In this role you will be working primarily with leading Partners and Special Counsels on intellectual property and technology life cycle matters and on a range of matters including Trade Marks, Patents, copyright, privacy and advertising.
Reporting directly to Partner, this is a unique and exciting opportunity for someone to play a lead role in developing an IP offering to an intriguing mix of clients.
There will be plentiful opportunity to build on your career as a lawyer through outstanding learning and development training programs, first-hand mentoring from partners in the team, and strong engagement through direct client contact.
Ideally you will possess:
- 3-5 Yrs. PQE in IP Litigation;
- Strong commercial acumen;
- Excellent communication skills;
- Ability to manage work load with autonomy;
- Excellent client service and people skills;
- A genuine interest or ideally hold tertiary qualifications in Science and an exceptional academic history from a well-respected university.
How to apply
Apply now by sending your CV or should you like to discuss this role in more detail, please get in touch with Alex Forsberg on 0296 415 135 or firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:c9792410-068e-498e-b68b-23002f45585b> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://www.charterhouse.com.au/job/Intellectual-Property-Associate-(3-5-Yrs-PQE)/ | 2019-05-19T21:27:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232255165.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519201521-20190519223521-00453.warc.gz | en | 0.921798 | 343 |
The over-night bus - Worth the trouble?
A quick guide
The night bus is nothing short of a brilliant option for budget travelers. The fares are, broadly speaking, cheaper than daytime tickets. On top of that you save a night's accommodation. For an average Airbnb in Berlin that'll add up to €20-€30 a night. But something so wonderful wouldn't come without some cons, would it? Of course not. Let's take a closer look.
There's also something nice about waking up to a in new country and scenery, with the sun rising over it. It's stunning!
In my experience, overnight connections are sometimes also direct. I'm not sure if this is always the case or if I just happened to stumble upon such sitautions.
Hostel compatibility required
There's noise and distractions all the time. The engine of the bus, phone's binging, screens lighting up, people walking around, people dropping things, people moving in their seats, the seat in front of you being adjusted up/down several times, snoring, mumbling, chatting and eating.
If you can't handle noise - and lots of it - the night bus is not for you.
The question you should be asking yourself: Can you sleep despite the random noise from other passengers?
My personal solution: Listening to music through headphones while I sleep. It's not silence, but it's better than all the random and sudden outbreaks in the bus. Earplugs are also an option.
Comfort is no man's land
For me, it's mostly falling in and out of sleep hundreds of times.
Fortunately, for me, I can still function on little sleep. But I know a lot of people whose days would simply be ruined. And then it's not really worth it, is it? However, it's not something you should do way too often. Lack of sleep is dangerous and dissatisfying.
If you can fall into deep sleep despite lack of comfort, you will become a night bus king!
The question you should be asking yourself: Can you function well without much sleep, or do you easily fall into deep sleep even though you're not sitting comfortably?
Padding transit hours
So you will often need to kill 8 to 12 hours to make the connection. And what do you do in those hours? If you go to cafés you've suddenly spent the money you saved in the first place. But sit by a lake and read a book? Well, that's free. And good for you.
Another thing to remember, is that you'll be carrying all the stuff you're travelling with. So you're only as mobile as how lightly you packed.
The next day, when you arrive at your destination, there's usually some hours until you can check in. For hotels and many Airbnb's check-ins cannot start until mid-afternoon. So once again, you're stuck killing time.
Add to it that you might need some hours to actually rest on top of whatever little and uncomfortable sleep you might've gotten on the bus.
The question you should be asking yourself: Is all this time doing nothing worth the money you're saving? Or are you able to kill time with books/work/similar? This is a case-to-case judgment call.
My personal solution: If I can't focus on reading, I try to get some work done. Maybe I stay at Regus from noon until 5PM or 6PM.
I've been bashing night busses hard in this post. Not because I hate them, or that you should. I still frequently use the night bus myself. The purpose of this post was not to discourage you, but make you aware of the downsides to night bus, so you can prepare better for the trip. In review:
To summarize, the questions you ought to be asking yourself are:
- Can you accept constant, random noise like snoring, mumbling and bus engine? Or do you have means of blocking it out like headphones?
- Can you sleep well dispite relatively uncomfortable positions, or function well without much quality sleep?
- Is saving some tens of euros (in average) worth spending a lot of hours in transit? | <urn:uuid:d0e66eeb-3a2d-46cb-9150-959556dbd321> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.hunermund.dk/guides/nightbus-worth-the-trouble/ | 2019-08-26T04:37:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027330968.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20190826042816-20190826064816-00223.warc.gz | en | 0.960362 | 871 |
A debt management plan sets up a payment schedule for you to repay your debts, with the goal of helping creditors receive the money owed to them and ultimately improving your financial and credit standing. By voluntary agreement, you deposit funds with your credit counseling agency each month, who sends those funds directly to your creditors. It usually takes 3-5 years to complete payments under a debt management program, after which you may be able to reestablish credit.
Personal loans. Personal loans are another solution to refinance debt. You can take out a personal loan to repay credit card debt, medical debt, payday loans, or other types of high-interest debt. Many personal lenders do forbid you from using the proceeds of your loan to repay student debt, but otherwise you have almost endless flexibility in what you can use the borrowed money for.
They make you think they are helping and word it as such. its only after I had “qualified for a loan” with another company to pay off my debt that I was informed of the fees and debts still in collection and no settlement was ever made. I have been paying for over a year and half of each payment went to fees for the “services” they provide.All these services they offer you can do yourself with just 30 minutes of your own time.
so to ease my stress, which ironically is a major component in my disabiiity, after I fill out their financial affidavit, I am assuming I won’t have to worry about them pounding on my door and taking our furniture? My 2013 tax statement Chase bank had sent me a 1099 C for over 20000 – with that when the acct tallied…..he still came out with an insolvency of over 49000 – this all happened rather fast as was not aware my depression also created a bipolar II disorder which is how I accumulated so much debt in such a short time – termed as “manic sprees” – to think I once was a high risk collector and i heard this term at least 2x a day and did not believe……..what is that they say about what goes around? Statute of Limitations with no signed agreement in Fl is 4 yrs..last time I had paid the “creditor” on this one was Nov 2011 – however I see another sitting in collections from Portfolio that says last py was 3/2011 and another from Unifund where lst pymnt was feb 2011 – statute expired…..would I call Transunion?
We want to hear from you and encourage a lively discussion among our users. Please help us keep our site clean and safe by following our posting guidelines, and avoid disclosing personal or sensitive information such as bank account or phone numbers. Any comments posted under NerdWallet's official account are not reviewed or endorsed by representatives of financial institutions affiliated with the reviewed products, unless explicitly stated otherwise. | <urn:uuid:55f5f240-4dc5-4dee-b30a-2ee41c6cf39c> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://debtconsolidationsloan.com/grants-to-get-out-of-credit-card-debt-get-out-of-debt-on-your-own.html | 2019-04-24T09:59:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578640839.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424094510-20190424120510-00103.warc.gz | en | 0.977547 | 587 |
Soft Power: Recent Projects by Alexander Hernandez
In Soft Power, mixed-media artist Alexander Hernandez brings together quilt and sculpture projects to explore intersectional identities and survival.
Featured projects include the Bay Area premiere of “STAYIN’ POSITIVE,” a series of textile portraits investigating the identities of Latinx and people of color living with HIV, funded by the San Francisco Arts Commission. Together, the colorful and playful “chimeras” celebrate the rich lives of these survivors. Hernandez’s “SURROGATES” includes soft human-sized sculptures locked in an embrace along with photographs in the desert terrain at the Mexico-US border. The works remind us of the isolation and dangers that migrants endure, along with the necessity to adapt, persevere, and care for each other. His sensibilities as a queer Latinx artist can be seen in his quilts and videos, which utilize pop culture references along with materials and patterns familiar in Mexican homes to evoke feelings of delight and longing.
The found materials, motifs, and colors in Hernandez’s works reflect the multi-layered references that saturate contemporary life. The artist states, “I patchwork together domestic fabrics, digitized prints, cultural textiles and pop-cultural artifacts to create Frankensteinian-like work that embraces layers and patterns. In the process I challenge gender roles and acculturation anxieties through visual code switching.”
About the Artist
Born in Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, Mexico and raised in Grand Junction, Colorado, Alexander Hernandez (he/him) received his BFA (2007) in Painting and Drawing from Rocky Mountain College of Art & Design in Denver and an MFA in Studio Art (2012) from California College of the Arts in San Francisco. Having participated in residency programs in the Bay Area and nationally, he is currently the inaugural artist in residence at the New Museum Los Gatos (NUMU). He has received grants from the San Francisco Arts Commission, the Queer Cultural Center, and Visual AIDS. He currently lives in San Francisco, and has worked as a social worker finding housing for displaced LGBTQ youth at Larkin Street Youth Services and as an art teacher at Creativity Explored.
This exhibition is showing concurrently with Lost Keys: Recent Work by Mercy Hawkins, on view in the Kalmanovitz Hall Sculpture Terrace, the Kalmanovitz Hall atrium, and Thacher Gallery.
Learn more about Alexander Hernandez
Next Up: Stitching Communities and the AIDS Memorial Quilt
View the Exhibit: Dec. 1–Feb. 17
Featuring selected panels from "the largest community arts project in history," this exhibition explores the artistic and cultural legacies of the AIDS Memorial Quilt honoring those lost to the HIV/AIDS epidemic since the 1980s. Presented by the MA in Museum Studies Curatorial Practicum class led by Professor Kate Lusheck.
Image credit: AIDS Memorial Quilt panel 232, Photo courtesy of National AIDS Memorial | <urn:uuid:dc80cc74-cf6a-4a2b-85db-839a93e86ef9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usfca.edu/thacher-gallery/soft-power | 2022-08-11T02:57:17Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571232.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811012302-20220811042302-00661.warc.gz | en | 0.92945 | 623 |
Twitter is a force to reckon with in social media. Even though it lacks the massive scale of Facebook, it popularity as a microblogging platform is growing in great leaps.
Twitter reported that its number of monthly average users grew to 271 million a growth of 24 percent year-over-year. Its revenue increased 129 percent which made its stock to jump 30 percent in after-hours trading.
The stock jump followed the announcement of $283 million and sales, $277 million from ad sales. This announcement was made on Tuesday and it is better than what was projected.
Last year was not good for Twitter as it saw the prices of its ads falling which raised questions about the value of Twitter advertising. The growth seemed to have stalled.
But now those who were wondering whether advertising on Twitter was a good bet have been answered by the results posted this year.
As stated earlier, the number of users hit 271 million. This is a growth of 6.3 percent compared to the last quarter and it is also better than the 4 percent in the first quarter of the year. Though Business Insider says it is a bit sluggish compared to the site’s past growth.
Twitter ads seem to be doing well if the money spent on them in this quarter is anything to go by.
But what is responsible for this growth? Twitter has invested heavily in mobile advertising and this is one of the key factors in its revenue growth. In fact 80 percent of Twitter’s ad revenue came from mobile advertising last quarter.
Last year, Twitter announced that it had plans to acquire MoPub for $350 million. MoPub is a mobile advertising service. Twitter has also announced its plans to acquire TapCommerce, a mobile advertising technology firm, for $100 million.
Twitter has worked to give advertisers better data on the performance of the ads they buy.
The company has also worked to give advertisers better data on the performance of the ads they buy.
Twitter began experimenting last year with giving users access to their analytics. It has started rolling out analytics even for those who don’t buy ads. Earlier the analytics was only limited to advertisers.
It was also shown last year that advertising like Twitter-sponsored tweets have a great reach. For example, Hasan Syed, a businessman from Chicago managed to reach about 50,000 people in New York and UK.
But what makes Twitter to be so popular? Twitter is easy to use; there is no explanation needed when one needs to use it, and there is no technical know-how needed. All you need to do is to open an account and start tweeting.
It is also easier to get Twitter followers than getting blog followers. This is quite appealing especially to startups.
Twitter also offers a great way to pretend you are someone’s friend so you can turn them to be your customers later.
The fact that Twitter only allows only a limited number of words to be posted is also one of its strengths. This ensures that users only post what is important. In most instances people are forced to summarize their statements and focus only on critical issues. | <urn:uuid:0b954b98-f53d-4dee-ba1d-3c31a706ff41> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://www.glozine.com/technology/internet/twitter-posts-a-whopping-277-in-ad-sales.html | 2017-06-25T19:04:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320570.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625184914-20170625204914-00405.warc.gz | en | 0.978118 | 629 |
Welcome to the COBA Africa website, which is packed with all our latest floor matting and safety products.
Matco is now part of the globally successful COBA International group, headquartered in the United Kingdom with over 30 years’ experience in the matting manufacturing industry. The last two years has seen exciting developments within COBA’s matting business in South Africa.
In 2014, COBA Plastics (Pty) Ltd acquired Rubaloy, a Cape Town based company specialising in the manufacture of recycled rubber flooring products. Expansion continued in 2015 when Matco, a long-established matting and flooring business based in Johannesburg joined our ever-evolving COBA family.
Bringing together all our respective market leading brands, expertise and resources, we now trade under the umbrella of COBA Africa (Pty) Ltd operating from our facilities in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Our prime locations give us a logistical advantage. We can efficiently supply customers throughout South Africa, from the North West of the region to the Western Cape.
As you will see from this website, our product range is diverse and extensive. There are flooring and matting products for many different environments. From durable anti-slip GRP flooring and high quality, impressive entrance mats, to safety matting for industrial, catering or leisure areas. With so much choice, you can be assured that Matco has the perfect, competitively priced solution for your building.
If you are responsible for health and safety in your organisation, then we have also included some useful information on standing safety in the workplace. Find out how anti-fatigue/anti-slip matting can help to reduce musculoskeletal disorders and accidents in the workplace. Read our case studies too.
Matco is not just about flooring and matting. We also supply a range of safety knives in our Moving Edge collection.
Our knowledgeable sales advisors are just a telephone call or email away, and they will be delighted to help with your matting, flooring or safety knife enquiry. | <urn:uuid:f1cd4872-5554-445b-a0be-d306e0d03c4f> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://www.matting.co.za/workplace/about-us/ | 2019-10-14T06:43:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986649232.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014052140-20191014075140-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.942125 | 424 |
What is the Folifort?
Folifort is a dietary supplement to support hair growth. It is made of all-natural ingredients in a perfect blend to improve your scalp and reduce hair loss. It helps in the regeneration of hair using the scientifically approved formula.
It is available as an oral supplement that restricts the root cause of hair fall and supports nutrients absorption in the body. It is prepared under strict and sterile conditions with utmost precision to keep the quality of ingredients intact.
It helps to lower hair fall and support your immune system. This supplement is extremely beneficial for people who experience terrible hair fall. No matter how old or young you are Folifort seems to work for everyone.
Now instead of getting a massage, several treatments, and other hair fall medicines, you can simply have an all-natural supplement that is 100% guaranteed and organic.
This scientists-created formula is way better than other fake products on the market that claim to treat hair loss in a week or two. It has helped thousands of men and women gain healthier-looking, thicker, and more volume-filling hair.
Folifort Reviews – How Does The Folifort Supplement Work?
As a scientifically approved dietary supplement, Folifort Ingredients are proven to reduce hair fall and increase new hair growth from the root. It targets the root cause of hair damage and provides essential oils to prevent dry scalp.
It helps to improve the absorption of the nourishing nutrients by the blood and helps it reach the hair follicles. It restructures collagen to support healthy and strong hair and reduce hair loss in the long term.
It suppresses the 5-alpha-reductase to prevent testosterone conversion into dihydrotestosterone or DHT hormone. Lower levels of DHT increase the pace of new hair follicle regeneration.
It improves the hair shafts and reduces hair loss. It reduces iron, selenium, and other vitamins deficiency and provides essential nutrients to the body. The antioxidant effect of the supplement helps to fight off the free radicals from the body to reduce oxidative damage.
Folifort Ingredients improves hair growth by promoting nutrients rich blood circulation and provides a cellular level benefit. It provides hormonal balance and also supports skin and nail health. It leads to new hair creation and improves the production of healthy hair.
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What Are The Folifort Ingredients?
As a proprietary blend, Folifort is made of several natural ingredients to reduce your hair fall and support the regeneration of hair follicles. The following ingredients are used to formulate the supplement:
• Vitamin C: It is a powerful antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress and prevents free radicals to damage your immune system. It helps in the production of the protein, collagen. Collagen is necessary to improve hair structure. It also improves the ability to absorb the iron that increases hair growth.
• Biotin: Biotin assists in hair regrowth and reduces thinning of hair. Also known as vitamin H, biotin supports skin and hair cells. It promotes hair growth and skin care. It increases keratin production to improve the rate of hair follicle production. It reduces hair loss and supports overall health by reducing biotin deficiency.
• Pantothenic Acid: It is also known as vitamin B5. It is used to improve the synergistic effects of other nutrients in the body to rebuild individual hair shafts. It reduces the damage caused by environmental factors and heat. It helps to slow down the baldness and reduces the deficiency of nutrients through diet.
• Selenium: As a mineral found in Brazil Nuts, selenium helps to boost your hair growth. It is linked with new hair creation. Selenium transfers nutrients rich blood to the scalp and improves hair production. It also reduces dandruff-causing fungus and supports hormonal activity. It also improves enzymes responsive for antioxidant effects.
• Copper: Copper peptides are responsible to stimulate hair follicles and improve blood circulation. It helps to transfer adequate oxygen and nutrients to produce new hair growth. It also helps to keep the everlasting shine and colour of hair by improving the melanin content of the body.
• Methylsulfonylmethane: MSM is also known as a sulphur-rich compound that supports hair regrowth and retention. It has anti-inflammatory properties to influence hair growth at the root. It helps to strengthen the hair and reduce breakage. It also exerts an anti-ageing effect and helps in nourishing your body. It supports joints and the immune system.
• Astaxanthin: It is used to inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, an enzyme that restricts DHT hormone formation from testosterone. It helps to reduce hair loss and promote hormonal balance. It contains carotenoids that help to reduce free radicals and improve hair regrowth. It has other antioxidant effects to support the immune system.
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How To Consume The Folifort Supplement?
Each bottle of Folifort contains 30 capsules of hair fall reducing formula to last a month’s supply. It is recommended to consume one capsule per day in order to observe the powerful effects of Folifort on your hair growth.
It is made for people who suffer hair loss and thin hair. If you have any allergies to the above-mentioned ingredients, you must not consume the supplement and visit a doctor.
Due to its natural ingredients and chemical-free method of manufacture, the supplement is free from any known side effects. It is advisable to not consume the supplement if you are already on any medication or you face other medical conditions.
Do not increase the dosage of Folifort supplement without a doctor’s advice. For optimum results, it is recommended to continue to consume the supplement for a period of 3 to 6 months.
Folifort Reviews – Is The Folifort Supplement Safe?
Yes, Folifort is absolutely safe for consumption. It only contains natural ingredients as stated above and the same ingredients are listed on the label too. You may never see such an incredible supplement on the marketplace before as it has everything your hair ever needs.
It reduces your stress levels, improves blood flow and circulation towards the scalp, reverses ageing, and provides your hair with essential color and nutrients that it needs to stay alive and young.
Most people experience a change in their hair fall patters as the hair loss reduces within a week or two.
The baldness will be completely reversed in some cases if you take the supplement for the said duration every day. It is not okay to quit the supplement after just a week or two as it won’t give you long-lasting results.
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What Are The Benefits of Consuming The Folifort Supplement?
As a natural solution, Folifort supplement contains a variety of nutrients, vitamins, and mineral to provide the following health benefits:
• It increases hair growth.
• It reduces thinning of hair or hair loss.
• It supports the production of new hair shafts and hair follicles.
• It moisturizes your scalp and provides essential oils.
• It strengthens your hair and promotes healthy hair growth from the root.
• It reduces high levels of DHT to promote shinier and healthier hair.
• It supports skin cells and reduces skin problems.
• It supports nutrients absorption and nutrients content of the body to maintain overall health.
• It improves your immune system and promotes blood circulation.
• It reduces oxidative stress and repair cell damage while promoting an anti-inflammatory response.
• It boosts your confidence and helps your skin glow.
• It is side-effects free and organic.
• It promotes the hair growth from the roots and never lets the roots deprive of nutrition.
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How To Purchase The Folifort Supplement?
Given the powerful benefits, it is easy to assume that the supplement may cost a good fortune. However, today, the supplement is available with amazing offers to choose from, such as:
• Buy one bottle of Folifort Supplement for just $69 with a small shipping fee.
• Buy three bottles of Folifort Supplement for just $177 (each bottle costs $59) with free shipping across the US.
• Buy six bottles of Folifort Supplement for just $294 (each bottle costs $49) with free shipping across the US.
This is a one-time payment option. The supplement is available only on its official website with a 100% money-back guarantee for 60 days.
So, you can start consuming the supplement right from the day of shipping and if you do not observe any noticeable improvement in your hair growth within the first 2 months of consumption, you can ask for a complete refund. Just return the bottle and fill the return and refund form to get all your invested money back.
Folifort is easily one of its kind natural solutions that target the real root cause of hair loss. It improves hormonal activity and promotes nutrient-rich blood to reach hair follicles and rejuvenates hair shafts to strengthen and increase hair growth.
It increases new hair generation and reduces damage caused to the hair. It supports overall health and improves the immune system by reducing DHT hormones in the body. It supports antioxidant effects to reduce cellular damage.
It is backed by increasing offers and a 60-day 100% money-back guarantee. There’s no reason to miss this offer, is there? So, click here to be redirected to the official web page of Folifort and place your order now.
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Entry Frequency: one-time
Facebook required: no
Twitter required: no | <urn:uuid:5a4020b1-d51b-404e-ab53-2fccdc38cb72> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://promosimple.com/giveaways/folifort-hair-growth-reviews-100-clinically-certified-ingredients/ | 2021-09-28T07:02:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060538.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928062408-20210928092408-00177.warc.gz | en | 0.919757 | 2,055 |
At Farmers Corner, we are committed to providing you with a great shopping experience. Farmers Corner has a wonderful store atmosphere with friendly employees and quality products. We have worked hard to bring you top-quality exclusive brands that you know and trust. Partnering with Associated Foods, we can provide you with hundreds of items to choose from, these brands stretch across the store from frozen and bakery, to produce, and non-perishables. Providing our customers a better shopping experience is what we set out to do each day.
Farmers Corner strives to provide the highest quality of products and services locally. We take pride in buying local and selling local.
Visit us for your convenience needs on the go, with products from Pepsi, Coke, Frito, and so many more we have all of your travel convenience needs. | <urn:uuid:fc7372c5-c7d5-4726-a887-bc70249b4482> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://www.farmers-corner.com/grocery/ | 2020-05-31T01:41:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347410535.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530231809-20200531021809-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.956451 | 165 |
Main Services: Roll up gate service Garage Door opener Locksmith service
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4 ReviewsReview Me
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Work Description: Garage door installationComments: I recommend this company for garage door installation
This company is very professional in work. | <urn:uuid:4c2589f5-bf82-4c1f-b81c-c2b984eec853> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.networx.com/c.24-hour-roll-up-gates-and-garage-door-services-of-nyc | 2021-03-01T07:26:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178362133.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20210301060310-20210301090310-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.93125 | 363 |
Randy Chandler’s Bad Juju is that rare horror novel that does everything it’s supposed to: it entertains, it shocks, it horrifies, it keeps you reading. The only unfortunate thing is that it invites comparison to Stephen King’s Needful Things in that it involves a small town being menaced by a sinister supernatural force. Comparing the two is a grave error, however. King, in both his fiction and non-fiction, has obvious, seething contempt for normal Americans, while Chandler does not, and it shows in how he invites us to care about all the characters, even the evil ones.
That’s where Bad Juju shines brightest: the characters. What’s a small town like Vinewood, Georgia without the people who live in it? Sure, they’ve got names like Skeeter Partain and Corny Weehunt and Joe Rob Campbell, but they’re real and human and when terrible things start happening to them, you sympathize. Even when Chandler resorts to tropes like the widowed former sheriff character, he twists them around: the sheriff’s dead wife maybe wasn’t the nicest lady around. The ancient black preacher might not know as much about spiritual evil as he thinks. The mentally retarded guy’s no saint. These people share our flaws.
The story’s stranger elements don’t make themselves known immediately, and when they do, they become another layer of conflict in a town that’s already got some disturbing things seething under the surface: namely the Porch family, as mean a clan of townies as you’ll find, and twice as dangerous. Once Skeeter and Joe Rob wind up clashing with the menacing Odell Porch, the stage is set for terror, violence, and revenge.
Chandler eschews political correctness throughout the narrative; it’s refreshing to see people talk and act like real people instead of behaving like social justice boxes to be checked. The violence is ugly and pointless at times, which works. The writing is clear, unpretentious, and gruesomely descriptive. What more could you ask for in a horror novel?
Like I said in my review of Chandler’s short story anthology Devils, Death & Dark Wonders, why isn’t Randy Chandler a household horror name? In an overstuffed field of horror novels that you often have to force yourself to finish, Bad Juju is a breath of fresh (if occasionally fetid) air. Summer’s right around the corner: this book’s your beach read. | <urn:uuid:0a0f4693-76a5-4e77-911e-b114e8b9ba7b> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | http://davedauthor.com/tag/randy-chandler/ | 2019-07-19T01:05:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525863.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20190718231656-20190719013656-00416.warc.gz | en | 0.945158 | 545 |
Table of Contents
THIS DAY IN GAY HISTORY
based on: The White Crane Institute's 'Gay Wisdom', Gay Birthdays, Gay For Today, Famous GLBT, glbt-Gay Encylopedia, Today in Gay History, Wikipedia, and more …
Collected by Ted
February Is LGBT History Month In The United Kingdom
1816 – Four English sailors aboard the Africaine are hanged for sodomy following a major scandal. Two others are flogged - one with 200 lashes and the other is sentenced to 300, but receives only 170 when the attending physician warns that any more would endanger his life.
1902 – The American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri (d.1967). Hughes is known for his work during the Harlem Renaissance.
Academics and biographers today acknowledge that Hughes was a homosexual and included homosexual codes in many of his poems, similar in manner to Walt Whitman, whose work Hughes cited as another influence on his poetry, and most patently in the short story Blessed Assurance which deals with a father's anger over his son's effeminacy and queerness.
It has been noted that to retain the respect and support of black churches and organizations and avoid exacerbating his precarious financial situation, Hughes remained closeted. Arnold Rampersad, the primary biographer of Hughes though he documents Hughes's admission of a homosexual encounter with a seaman in 1926asserts that he could not find incontrovertible evidence that the writer was gay. He did determine that Hughes exhibited a preference for other African American men in his work and life This love of black men is evidenced in a number of reported unpublished poems to a black male lover.
Recently, scholars have started to pay attention to the influence of homosexuality on Hughes's literary imagination. Many of Hughes's poems invite gay readings. Such poems enable scholars to theorize on the poet's use of the male-male gaze as a common feature in his writings.
Focusing on such poems as "Joy," "Desire," "Café: 3 A. M.," "Waterfront Streets," "Young Sailor," "Trumpet Player," "Tell Me," and many poems in Montage of a Dream Deferred (1951), we can identify homoeroticism and other gay markings.
On May 22, 1967, Hughes died at the age of 65 from complications after abdominal surgery. His ashes are interred beneath a floor medallion in the middle of the foyer leading to the auditorium named for him within the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem. The design on the floor covering his cremated remains is an African cosmogram titled "Rivers." The title is taken from the poem "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" by Hughes. Within the center of the cosmogram and precisely above the ashes of Hughes are the words "My soul has grown deep like the rivers."
1900 – Marion Barbara 'Joe' Carstairs (d.1993) was a wealthy British power boat racer known for her speed and her eccentric lifestyle. In the 1920s she was known as the ‘fastest woman on water’.
Carstairs was born in 1900 in Mayfair, London, England, the daughter of Fannie Bostwick, an American heiress. Joe Carstairs' legal father was Scottish army officer Captain Albert Carstairs, first of the Royal Irish Rifles and later the Princess of Wales's Own. Captain Carstairs re-enlisted with the Army the week before Joe was born; he and Evelyn divorced soon afterwards.
Carstairs' mother, an alcoholic and drug addict, later married Captain Francis Francis, with whom she had two more children. She divorced Captain Francis to marry French count Roger de Périgny in 1915, but eventually left him because of his infidelity. Her fourth and last husband, whom she married in 1920, was Serge Voronoff, a Russian–French surgeon who become famous in the 1920s and 1930s for his practice of transplanting monkey testicle tissue into male humans for the claimed purpose of rejuvenation.
Carstairs lived a colourful life. She usually dressed as a man; had tattooed arms; and loved machines, adventure and speed. Openly lesbian, she had numerous affairs with women, including Dolly Wilde—Oscar Wilde's niece and a fellow ambulance driver from Dublin with whom she had lived in Paris—and a string of actresses, most notably Greta Garbo, Tallulah Bankhead, and Marlene Dietrich.
During World War I, Carstairs served in France with the American Red Cross, driving ambulances. After the war, she served with Britain’s Royal Army Service Corps in France, re-burying the war-dead; and in Dublin with the Women's Legion Mechanical Transport Section, which acted as transport for British officers during the Irish War of Independence.
Joe Carstairs married a childhood friend, the French aristocrat Count Jacques de Pret, on 7 January 1918 in Paris. The purpose of the marriage was simply to allow Carstairs’ access to her trust fund independently of her mother. The marriage was annulled immediately after her mother's death on the grounds of non-consummation. By means of a deed poll, she renounced her married name and resumed using the name Carstairs in February 1922.
In 1920, with three former colleagues from the Women's Legion Mechanical Transport Section, she started the X Garage, a car-hire and chauffeuring service that featured a women-only staff of drivers and mechanics. Carstairs (and her friends and lovers) lived in a flat above the garage, which was situated near Cromwell Gardens in London's fashionable South Kensington district.
Several of the X-Garage staff had served as drivers during the war and spoke French, German, or Italian. The cars and drivers could be hired for long-distance trips and the business specialised in taking grieving relatives for visits to war-graves and former battlefields in France and Belgium. They were also hired for journeys within London and the garage had an arrangement with the Savoy Hotel to transport guests to the theatre or to shows. During the early 1920s, X-Garage cars were a familiar sight in London's fashionable circles.
In 1925, X-Garage closed and Carstairs inherited a fortune from Standard Oil via her mother and grandmother. The same year, she had her first speedboat built and named it Gwen after one of her former lovers. With it, she won her first trophy, the Southampton Water trophy.
She was also given a Steiff doll by a girlfriend, Ruth Baldwin, naming it Lord Tod Wadley. She became exceptionally attached to this doll, keeping it with her until her death, although—unlike Donald Campbell's mascot 'Mr Whoppit'—she didn't take it into her speedboats for fear of losing it. She had clothes made for it in Savile Row and had its name placed with her own on the name plaque on the door of her London apartment.
Between 1925 and 1930, Carstairs spent considerable time in powerboats and became a very successful racer winning many notable trophies – the Duke of York's Trophy in 1926, the Royal Motor Yacht Club International Race, the Daily Telegraph Cup, the Bestise Cup, and the Lucina cup.
Carstairs was known for her generosity to her friends. She was close to several male racing drivers and land speed record competitors, using her considerable wealth to assist them. She paid $10,000 of her money to fund the building of one of the Blue Bird land speed record cars for Sir Malcolm Campbell, who once described her as "the greatest sportsman I know."
After selling Whale Cay, her lavish island home in the Bahamas in 1975, Carstairs relocated to Miami, Florida. Carstairs died in Naples, Florida, in 1993 at the age of 93. Lord Tod Wadley was cremated with her.
1901 – Clark Gable (d.1960) was an American film actor, often referred to as The King of Hollywood or just simply as The King. Gable began his career as a stage actor and appeared as an extra in silent films between 1924 and 1926, and progressed to supporting roles with a few films for MGM in 1931. The next year he landed his first leading Hollywood role and became a leading man in more than 60 motion pictures over the next three decades.
Gable was arguably best known for his role as Rhett Butler in the epic Gone with the Wind (1939), for which he received his third nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. He was also nominated for leading roles in Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and he won for It Happened One Night (1934).His final screen appearance was The Misfits (1961) with Marilyn Monroe and Montgomery Clift.
When Clark Gable first arrived in Hollywood in 1925, he would do anything or use anyone to advance his career. His first two wives were decidedly unglamorous older women; he was a kept man living the lifestyle of a star. As soon as Gable touched the limelight, he abandoned his second wife and followed wherever his penis led. He tore through Hollywood’s women with the appetite of a starving teenager, with one notable exception.
Gable had one homosexual encounter that is well documented. The young Clarke Gable engaged in oral sex with fellow MGM player Billy Haines in order to establish himself at the studio. Billy Haines, who was the most popular male film star of 1930, was the hub of gay Hollywood. He told all his friends about his sexual hookup with Clark Gable in the late 1920s, which was unusual, since Haines usually never bragged about such things. Haines knew first hand the damage that could be caused by a public knowledge of homosexuality. Joan Crawford confirmed the story, and her testament holds up under scrutiny because she was the lifelong best friend of both men. She had no reason to lie about either star, and she cherished the friendship of both.
More than ten years later Gable avenged his gay encounter. Hollywood was awash with both homosexuals and Jews, and Gable let it be known that he held both in disdain. By 1939 Gable had come to personify the image of a super macho male star. During filming of Gone with the Wind, Gable was uncomfortable by the presence of Billy Haines, who visited the set as a guest of director George Cukor (who was both homosexual and Jewish).The legend goes that actor Andy Lawler was at a Hollywood party later and announced, quite loudly and quite likely high on cocaine, that "George is directing one of Billy's old tricks." The laugh at Gable’s expense got back to him, and he was outraged. He snarled on set, "I won't be directed by a fairy," which so enraged Cukor that he walked off the set.
MGM decided it needed Gable more than Cukor for this project, and Victor Fleming was ushered in as replacement director, even though Cukor had already worked for two years on preproduction and early filming. Although Gone with the Wind became one of the great films of all time, the incident didn’t harm the career of George Cukor, who immediately began working on The Women and continued to make top grossing films.
Gable was crowned “The King of Hollywood”, but Carol Lombard joked: "if his cock was one inch shorter, they'd be calling him "the Queen of Hollywood. God knows I love Clark, but he's the worst lay in town."
And Tallulah Bankhead commented, "if his dick was one inch shorter, his name would be Betty Grable, not Clark Gable."
1916 – A California appellate court upholds the "lewd and lascivious act" conviction of a man for having been found on a bed "in contact" with his male partner.
1935 – Christian Haren, prominent AIDS activist, entrepreneur, and actor, was born (d.1996).
Born and raised in California, Haren served a short stint in the army. After leaving the service, he began working as an actor. In the 1960s Haren received a studio contract from MGM and starred in Vincente Minnelli's Bells Are Ringing, Otto Preminger's In Harm's Way, and Billy Rose's Jumbo. He starred on Broadway in the Bertolt Brecht play The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, produced by Tony Richardson.
He is best remembered for playing the role of the Marlboro Man in print advertisements in the early 1960s.
Haren was openly gay and the proprietor of the popular Palm Springs gay bar CC Construction Co. in later years. In 1985 he was diagnosed with AIDS and became active in AIDS prevention education. He started "The Wedge", a "safe sex" AIDS prevention organization for teens in San Francisco. Haren died on February 27, 1996, in San Francisco, California of complications from AIDS, aged 61. His life was the subject of the 1998 documentary short Castro Cowboy.
1938 – Sherman Hemsley (d.2012) was an American actor, best known for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS television series All in the Family and The Jeffersons, and as Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series Amen.
Hemsley was born and raised in South Philadelphia by his mother, who worked in a lamp factory. He did not meet his father until he was 14. He dropped out of school and joined the United States Air Force, where he served for four years. On leaving the Air Force, he returned to Philadelphia where he worked for the Post Office during the day while attending the Academy of Dramatic Arts at night. He then moved to New York, continuing to work for the Post Office during the day while working as an actor at night. He starred as the character Gitlow in the early 1970s Broadway play Purlie.
While Hemsley was on Broadway with Purlie, Norman Lear called him in 1971 to play the role of George Jefferson in his new sitcom, All in the Family. Hemsley was reluctant to leave his theatre role, but Lear told him that he would hold the role open for him. Hemsley joined the cast two years later. The characters of Hemsley and co-star Isabel Sanford were supporting roles on All in the Family, but were given their own spin-off, The Jeffersons, less than two years after Hemsley made his debut on the show. The Jeffersons proved to be one of Lear's most successful shows, enjoying a run of eleven seasons through 1985.
On July 24, 2012, Hemsley died at his home in El Paso, Texas.
Sherman Hemsley never came out in life. He was a quiet, private man and most of the public never would have known he was gay save for a dispute over his will that involved a "male companion," Kenny Johnston. But even after speculation began swirling, only a few people would speak the truth, like Michael Musto, who ran a post at the Village Voice, "Sherman Hemsley Was A Gay! Deal With It!"
Flora Echinton, his business partner, Enchinton says she had been friends with Hemsley for more than two decades. During this time she lived with Hemsley and Hemsley's friend Kenny Johnston. "But the fact is that I did not know Sherman when he was in the limelight. I met them when they [Hemsley and Johnston] came running from Los Angeles with not one penny, when there was nothing but struggle."
A Military funeral was planned for Mr. Hemsley. He was interred at Fort Bliss National Cemetery at his hometown of El Paso, Texas
1942 – Germany: A legal amendment formally extends the death penalty to men found guilty of having sex with other men.
1949 – France: The Paris Prefect of Police issues a decree forbidding men from dancing together in public.
1955 – A California appellate court upholds an oral copulation conviction after the jury saw graffiti referring to the defendant as "queer."
1960 – On this date four African American students sat down and ordered coffee at a lunch counter in Woolworths in Greensboro, North Carolina. They were refused service, but did not leave. Instead, they waited all day. The scene was repeated over the next few days, with protests spreading to other southern states, resulting in the eventual arrest of over 1,600 persons for participating in sit-ins. The Black Freedom movement was the inspiration for most of the early Gay rights activists in North America.
1983 – Ronnie Kroell is an American fashion model, actor & singer best known for appearing on the first season of the Bravo reality series Make Me a Supermodel.
Kroell was born in Chicago, Illinois, and attended Niles North High School in Skokie. There, he became interested in theater. After a break, he attended Harper College, earning his associate degree in political science.
Kroell appeared on season one of Bravo's Make Me a Supermodel. In the show, Ronnie entered into a notable bromance with fellow contestant Ben DiChiara, which was dubbed "Bronnie". He became very popular on the show and won the title of "Fan Favorite" despite placing second behind Holly Kiser.
Following his appearance on the series, Kroell continued to work to establish himself as a model. He signed a contract with New York Model Management and has walked the catwalks for designers such as Philip Sparks, Loris Diran, Malan Breton and Richie Rich. He also featured the cover of Next and Instinct magazines. In June 2010, Ronnie graced the cover of Playgirl magazine along with a provocative layout shot by the internationally renowned fashion photographer Lope Navo. Kroell is currently working on developing a fragrance line and filming a new reality show. Ronnie is the founder of the Friend Movement,LLC organization which is supported by celebrity friends Lisa Vanderpump & Adam Lambert. Kroell co starred in the fourth installment of Q. Allan Brocka's popular Eating Out series, "Eating Out 4: Drama Camp". Ronnie made an appearance in the Andrew Christian mini-challenge as a featured underwear model in an episode of RuPaul's Drag Race.
Kroell is openly gay. Ronnie has been the guest of honor and/or the grand marshal at gay pride events all across the United States.
Ronnie is very much involved in charity and awareness campaigns. Kroell has also contributed to the "I talk about HIV/AIDS Because..." campaign. In addition, Ronnie has worked with Equality Maryland, Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), Human Rights Campaign, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the Latino Commission on AIDS (LCOA).
1988 – In February, The Kids in the Hall, a sketch comedy series whose cast includes the openly gay Scott Thompson, debuts on CBC Television. Sketches such as Thompson's character Buddy Cole and the ensemble sketch "The Steps" were among the most visible representations of gay culture on Canadian television during the show's run.
The Kids in the Hall comedy group formed in 1984, consisting of comedians Dave Foley, Kevin McDonald, Bruce McCulloch, Mark McKinney, and Scott Thompson. Their eponymous television show ran from 1988 to 1994 on CBC in Canada, and 1989 to 1995 on CBS and HBO in the United States.
The name of the group came from Sid Caesar, who, if a joke didn't go over, or played worse than expected, would attribute it to "the kids in the hall," referring to a group of young writers hanging around the studio.
The show's sketches were reminiscent of Monty Python's Flying Circus: often quirky or surreal, frequently utilizing drag, with very few celebrity impressions or pop culture parodies; the only recurring celebrity impression was of Queen Elizabeth II, played by Thompson. A recurring character was Mr. Tyzik, played by McKinney, who pretended to crush people's heads from a distance with his fingers. McKinney also played Chicken Lady, a shrill-voiced sexually excitable human-chicken hybrid. Many of the sketches featured gay characters and themes; most of these sketches were written by and starred Scott Thompson, who is openly gay. The show was also notable for reflecting and dealing with the youth subculture of its times, and for incisive sketches about big business and family units.
1992 – Darryl Pinckney's first novel High Cotton is published. Pinckney, born in Indianapolis, Indiana (b.1953), is an American novelist, playwright, and essayist.
Pinckney grew up in a middle-class African-American family in Indianapolis, Indiana, where he attended local public schools. He was educated at Columbia University in New York City.
Some of Pinckney's first professional works were theatre texts, plays developed in collaboration with director Robert Wilson. These included the produced works of The Forest (1988) and Orlando (1989). Pinckney returned to theatre with Time Rocker (1995).
His first novel was High Cotton (1992), a semi-autobiographical novel about "growing up black and bourgeois" in 1960s America. His second novel was Black Deutschland (2016), about a young gay black man in Berlin in the late 1980s, just before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Pinckney is also a frequent contributor to the New York Review of Books, Granta, Slate, and The Nation. He frequently explores issues of racial and sexual identities, as expressed in literature.
In the 21st century, Pinckney has published two collections of essays on African-American literature. He has expressed his admiration for the writing of the long-running American CBS soap opera, As the World Turns.
His partner is English poet James Fenton; the couple has been together since 1989. Pinckney lives in New York City and Oxfordshire, England.
2009 – On this date Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became the world's first openly Gay prime minister, when Iceland elected her to head up a new parliament. In 2002 she joined in a civil union with the Icelandic author and playwright. The couple legally maried in 2010. Jónína Leósdóttir.
2010 – Fiji: Homosexual conduct is decriminalized.
2012 – An utterly misnamed group called OneMillionMoms made headlines by calling for a boycott of the Dallas-based department store JC Penney for having hired Ellen DeGeneres as its spokesperson. A "project" of the hate group American Family Association, OneMillionMoms was offended that JC Penney had hired an open homosexual spokesperson when most of its customers are "traditional families."
In response to the organization's threat of a boycott, JC Penney president Michael Francis issued a press release declaring, "We share the same fundamental values as Ellen. We couldn't think of a better partner to help us put the fun back into the retail experience." | <urn:uuid:7d0a7ff6-39d1-4cea-b6d4-fc26f173ca36> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | http://www.canadiangay.org/GHist/Feb/01.html | 2022-07-01T23:03:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103947269.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701220150-20220702010150-00769.warc.gz | en | 0.981597 | 4,897 |
A 1985 built three bedroom detached house with single garage and small rear garden.
A one bedroom flat with kitchen, and lounge. Located on the third floor of an imposing late Victorian five storey mansion style property converted into a number of leasehold flats.
A late 1930s mid terraced freehold house comprising hallway, lounge, kitchen, two bedrooms and bathroom.
A pre-war freehold detached bungalow since extended into the roof area to provide larger accommodation.
Two bedroom semi-detached house with lounge, kitchen, two bedrooms and bathroom.
An end of terrace two bedroom stone cottage with sitting room, kitchen, rear lobby, bathroom, small front garden and courtyard to rear.
Three bedroom terraced house with lounge, family room, kitchen and bathroom.
Although this property required complete refurbishment and garden clearance, we could see the potential.
A late 1970s 3 bedroom property in a coal mining area.
We bought this partly renovated 3 bedroom terrace house in just 8 working days.
The seller wanted complete certainty of sale on this detached 4 bedroom house.
Get in touch with our team today to get a FREE no obligation cash offer on your property. | <urn:uuid:ed47faab-edff-4fe1-8da2-3eefcf9e614a> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://housebuyfast.co.uk/properties/ | 2019-10-15T20:59:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660323.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015205352-20191015232852-00249.warc.gz | en | 0.909608 | 243 |
- Brian Donaldson
- 2 July 2007
Mere Anarchy (Ebury)
Back in the day, the artist formerly known as Allan Konigsberg appeared hell-bent on making one classic comedy movie after another. He also seemed to find time to knock up a trio of books with silly stories, philosophically daft musings and surrealistic vignettes successfully designed to make the reader double up in hilarity-fuelled agony. Getting Even, Without Feathers and Side Effects continue to stand the test of time as little epics which managed to distil the huge concerns in the films and stretch the wit until it truly burned.
Perhaps in the light of a continued critical and commercial downturn, Woody has opted to hark back to those glory days when he could do very little wrong. In some kind of cruel hindsight, Mere Anarchy would probably be viewed as the least effective of this unofficial quartet, but that doesn’t mean it fails on any level. It’s funny, vibrant, zany and, in its own absurdist way, quite moving. Only the most avid Allen-hater (of which there are quite a few, I suppose) could baulk at smiling over titles such as ‘Calisthenics, Poison Ivy, Final Cut’, ‘Attention Geniuses: Cash Only’ and ‘Sam, You Made the Pants Too Fragrant’.
A mix of original pieces and others which have brightened the day of New Yorker subscribers, Mere Anarchy fizzes with a literate comedic sensibility as he ranges across such diverse topics as kidnapping, levitation, sex (obviously) and death (naturally). Now, if only we could get him to make another great movie. | <urn:uuid:66ba0aaf-1644-4709-bb71-d751e33d717f> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | https://film.list.co.uk/article/2312-mere-anarchy/ | 2018-08-15T22:57:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210362.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815220136-20180816000136-00566.warc.gz | en | 0.95894 | 363 |
5 years out of school will do that to you. T minus 30 minutes til my first midterm (Business Statistics). I feel pretty much ready to unleash my stats prowess on this thing. Coming midterms include Operations Management Tuesday morning (open book/open note) and a rumored-to-be-brutal take home group midterm for Microeconomics due Nov 9th. (Seriously, the grapevine is saying the thing will take 20-30 hrs!)
I also had my midterm LEAD feedback session this afternoon. My facilitator and I had a nice discussion about my goals, how I'm progressing, how he and my peers feel I'm doing relative to my goals and the objectives of the course, and how that stacks up with how I think I'm doing. There are certainly some things I dislike about LEAD, but in general I've been really impressed with the content and presentation of the program and I think something to be gained for everyone.
This week has kinda sucked trying to get back on track. Just as I was getting into a rhythm school-wise, I take off for a long weekend in San Diego. The weekend was a lot of fun, although the sun failed to appear AT ALL during my time in SoCal. My friends' wedding was really nice, I got to see some old friends from Richmond, and I also had time to visit with my SD friends. Anyway, I had a boatload of homework and housework waiting for me when I got home Monday evening and I've been playing catch up ever since (and catch up is not easy when in B-school). I'm glad I'm not planning on going anywhere for Thanksgiving, because I would be in bad shape trying to play catch up right before finals.
Congrats to the World Series Champions, the Chicago White Sox! After a nervous September, those guys played lights out in October. Pretty magical run. I'm bummed I'm not going to be able to make it downtown tomorrow for the ticker tape parade.
Off to my test, wish me luck :) | <urn:uuid:83efba5d-6e29-46a6-90c7-eb66380a20b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://wakechick.blogspot.com/2005/10/i-forgot-about-tests.html | 2017-06-25T22:28:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320593.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625221343-20170626001343-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.978953 | 419 |
LONDON, Nov. 13, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- FTI Consulting, Inc. (NYSE: FCN), the global business advisory firm dedicated to helping organisations protect and enhance their enterprise value, today announced the expansion of its Economic Consulting segment in Asia Pacific with the establishment of a new office in New Delhi. The new office will focus on offering both domestic and international dispute resolution services for clients and inbound investors who are based in India.
The Economic Consulting segment in New Delhi will be led by Montek Mayal, a specialist in financial valuation in complex commercial disputes. Mr. Mayal joined FTI Consulting in 2009 and was originally based in the firm's London office and then in the Singapore office. Mr. Mayal has advised clients across a range of industries, including chemical, energy and luxury goods. He has also advised major telecommunications companies during spectrum auctions and bidding processes.
Rod Sutton, Chairman of Asia Pacific for FTI Consulting commented, "As a global leader in provision of valuation and economic expert witness services, FTI Consulting aims to have a presence in every major market. It was therefore only natural to have an Indian presence. India is continuing to develop into a major player on the global stage. Our decision was simple, our clients both locally and globally, wanted us there, but we didn't move until we had the right team in place. Our team brings the right blend of local talent and international expertise to provide an edge in the market. We look forward to growing with India."
Commenting on the official launch of the new service offering, James Searby, Head of Economic Consulting in FTI Consulting's Asia Pacific region, said, "I am delighted to announce the opening of our new office in New Delhi. We decided to extend our Economic Consulting segment into India as it is increasingly becoming a hotspot for large and complex disputes, a consequence of the country's maturing market. After several years of modest growth, India's economy is now set for significant expansion. A knock on effect of this will be higher demand for dispute services. Our new office will enable us to offer firms and foreign investors in India a local service tailored to their needs."
Mr. Mayal commented, "Indian parties often have their disputes dealt with through arbitration in Singapore, due to a lack of domestic expertise. Having experts on the ground in New Delhi who are able to conduct damages assessment, valuation and advisory work, will enhance the service we are able to provide in both domestic and international disputes. With cross-border transactions and investments projected to increase, we expect demand for our services to grow with time."
The new service offering marks an addition to FTI Consulting's existing capabilities in India, which include teams in Mumbai from the Strategic Communications segment and Global Risk and Investigations Practice. The New Delhi office follows the establishment of other regional dispute resolution services in Singapore in 2011, and Dubai earlier in the year.
About FTI Consulting
FTI Consulting, Inc. is a global business advisory firm dedicated to helping organisations protect and enhance enterprise value in an increasingly complex legal, regulatory and economic environment. With more than 4,200 employees located in 26 countries, FTI Consulting professionals work closely with clients to anticipate, illuminate and overcome complex business challenges in areas such as investigations, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, regulatory issues, reputation management, strategic communications and restructuring. The Company generated $1.65 billion in revenues during fiscal year 2013. For more information, visit www.fticonsulting.com and connect with us on Twitter (@FTIConsulting), Facebook and LinkedIn.
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Documentation and tutorials.
This document describes the syntax of flat assembler g language, with basic examples. It was written with an assumption that it would be read sequentially and at any moment it uses only the concepts and constructions that have been introduced earlier. However it should be possible to jump right to the section that interests the reader, and then go back to earlier parts only when it is needed in order to better understand the later ones.
To start assembly from the command line it is necessary to provide two parameters: the first one should be name of a source file, the second one - name of the destination file. If the assembly is successful, the generated output is written into the destination and a short summary is displayed, otherwise an information about errors is shown. The maximum number of presented errors can be controlled with an additional "-e" switch (by default no more than one error is presented). The "-p" switch controls the maximum number of passes the assembler is going to attempt. This limit is by default set to 100. The "-r" switch allows to set up the limit of the recursion stack, that is the maximum allowed depth of entering macroinstructions and including additional source files. The "-v" switch can enable showing all the lines from this stack when reporting an error (by default the assembler tries to select only the lines that are likely the most informative, but this simple heuristic may not always be correct). The "-i" switch allows to insert any command at the beginning of processed source.
Every command in the assembly language occupies a single line of text. If a line contains the semicolon character, everything from that character up to the end of the line is treated as a comment and ignored by the assembler. The main part of a line (i.e. excluding the comment) may end with the backslash character and in such case the next line from the source text is going to be appended to this one. This allows to split any command across multiple lines, when needed. From now on we will refer to a source line as an entity obtained by stripping comments and joining the lines of text connected with backslash characters.
The text of source line is divided into syntactical units called tokens. There is a number of special characters that become separate tokens all by themselves. Any of the characters listed below is such a syntactical unit:
Any contiguous (i.e. not broken by whitespace) sequence of characters other than the above ones becomes a single token, which can be a name or a number. The exception to this rule is when a sequence starts with the single or the double quote character. This defines a quoted string and it may contain any of the special characters, whitespace and even semicolons, as it ends only when the same character that was used to start it is encountered. The quotes that are used to enclose the string do not become a part of the string themselves. If it is needed to define a string containing the same character that is used to enclose it, the character needs to be doubled inside the string - only one copy of the character will become a part of the string, and the sequence will continue.
Numbers are distinguished from names by the fact that they either begin with a decimal digit, or with the "$" character followed by any hexadecimal digit. This means that a token can be considered numeric even when it is not a valid number. To be a correct one it must be one of the following: a decimal number (optionally with the letter "d" attached at the end), a binary number followed by the letter "b", an octal number followed by the letter "o" or "q", or a hexadecimal number either prepended with "$" or "0x", or followed by the character "h". Because the first digit of a hexadecimal number can be a letter, it may be needed to prepend it with the digit zero in order to make it recognizable as a number. For example, "0Ah" is a valid number, while "Ah" is a name.
Any name can become a defined symbol by having some meaning (a value) assigned to it. One of the simplest methods of creating a symbol with a given value is to use the "=" command:
a = 1
The ":" command defines a label, that is a symbol with a value equal to the current address in the generated output. At the beginning of the source text this address is always zero, so when the following two commands are the first ones in the source file, they define symbols that have identical values:
first: second = 0
Labels defined with ":" command are special constructs in assembly language, since they allow any other command (including another label definition) to follow in the same line. This is the only kind of command that allows this.
What comes before the ":" or "=" character in such definition is a symbol identifier. It can be a simple name, like in the above samples, but it may also contain some additional modifiers, described below.
When a name in a symbol definition has the "?" character appended to it (with no whitespace between them), the symbol is case-insensitive (otherwise it would be defined as case-sensitive). This means that the value of such symbol may be referred to (as in an expression to the right of the "=" character) by the name being any variant of the original name that differs only in the case of letters. Only the cases of the 26 letters of the English alphabet are allowed to differ, though.
It is possible to define a case-sensitive symbol that clashes with a case-insensitive one. Then the case-sensitive symbol takes precedence and the more general one is used only when corresponding case-sensitive symbol is not defined. This can be remedied by using the "?" modifier, since it always means that the name followed by it refers to the case-insensitive symbol.
tester? = 0 tester = 1 TESTER = 2 x = tester ; x = 1 y = Tester ; y = 0 z = TESTER ; z = 2 t = tester? ; t = 0
Every symbol has its own namespace of descendants, called child namespace. When two names are connected by a dot with no whitespace in between, such identifier refers to the symbol with the second name in a namespace of descendants to the symbol specified by the first name. This operation can be repeated many times within a single identifier, allowing to refer to descendants of descendants in a chain of any length.
space: space.x = 1 space.y = 2 space.color: space.color.r = 0 space.color.g = 0 space.color.b = 0
Any of the names in such chain may optionally be followed by the "?" character to mark that it refers to a case-insensitive symbol. If "?" is inserted in the middle of the name (effectively splitting it into separate tokens) such identifier is considered a syntactical error.
When an identifier starts with a dot (in other words: when the name of the parent symbol is empty), it refers to the symbol in the namespace of the latest label that was defined in the current base namespace. This allows to rewrite the above sample like this:
space: .x = 1 .y = 2 .color: .color.r = 0 .color.g = 0 .color.b = 0
After the "space" label is defined, it becomes the latest label defined within the base namespace, so the following ".x" refers to the "space.x" symbol and then the ".color" refers to the "space.color". This symbol becomes the latest label defined within the child namespace of "space", but it does not affect the current namespace, where "space" remains the newest label.
The "namespace" command followed by a symbol identifier changes the base namespace for a section of source text. It must be paired with the "end namespace" command later in the source to mark the end of such section. This can be used to again rewrite the above sample in a different way:
space: namespace space x = 1 y = 2 color: .r = 0 .g = 0 .b = 0 end namespace
When a name is not preceded by a dot, and as such it does not have explicitly specified in what namespace the symbol resides, the assembler looks for defined symbol in the current namespace, and if none is found, in the consecutive namespaces of parent symbols, starting from the namespace containing the parent symbol of current namespace. If no defined symbol with such name is found, it is assumed that the name refers to the symbol in the current namespace (and unless there is "?" character after such name, it is assumed that the symbol is case-sensitive). A definition that does not specify the namespace where the new symbol should be created, always makes the new symbol in the current base namespace.
global = 0 regional = 1 namespace regional regional = 2 ; regional.regional = 2 x = global ; regional.x = 0 regional.x = regional ; regional.regional.x = 2 global.x = global ; global.x = 0 end namespace
The comments in the above sample show the equivalent definitions with respect to the original base namespace. Note that when a name is used to specify the namespace, the assembler looks for a defined symbol with such name to lookup in its namespace, but when it is a name of a symbol to be defined, it is always created within the current base namespace.
When the final dot of an identifier is not followed by any name, it refers to the parent symbol of the namespace that would be searched for a symbol if there was a name after this dot. Adding such dot at the end of an identifier may appear redundant, but it can be used to alter the way the definition of a symbol works, because it forces the assembler to look for an already existing symbol that it can alter instead of squarely creating a new one in the current namespace. For instance, if in the fourth line of the previous example "regional." was put in place of "regional", it would define a new value for the original "regional" symbol instead of making a new symbol in the child namespace. Similarly, a definition formed this way may assign a new value to a symbol regardless of whether it was previously defined as case-insensitive or not.
If an identifier is just a single dot, by the above rules it refers to the latest label defined in the current base namespace. This can be applied to rewrite the earlier example in yet another way:
space: namespace . x = 1 y = 2 color: namespace . r = 0 g = 0 b = 0 end namespace end namespace
It also demonstrates how namespace sections can be nested one within another.
The "#" may be inserted anywhere inside an identifier without changing its meaning. When "#" is the only character separating two name tokens, it causes them to be interpreted as a single name formed by concatenating the tokens.
variable = 1 varia#ble = var#iable + 2 ; variable = 3
This can also be applied to numbers.
There is a couple of additional rules concerning the use of dots in identifiers. When an identifier starts with a dot, but there has been no label defined in the current base namespace, the identifier refers to the descendant of a special symbol that resides in the current namespace but has no name. If an identifier starts with a sequence of two or more dots, the identifier refers to the descedant of a similar unnamed symbol, but it is a distinct one for any given number of dots. While the namespace accessed with a single starting dot changes every time a new label is defined within the current namespace, the special namespace accessed with two or more dots in the beginning of an identifier remains the same everywhere within the current base namespace:
first: .child = 1 ..other = 0 second: .child = 2 ..another = ..other
In this example the meaning of the ".child" identifier changes from place to place, but the "..other" identifier means the same everywhere.
When two names inside an identifier are connected with a sequence of two or more dots, the identifier refers to the descendant of such special unnamed symbol in the namespace specified by the identifier before that sequence of dots. The unnamed child namespace is chosen depending on a number of dots and in this case the number of required dots is increased by one. The following example demonstrates the two methods of identifying such symbol:
namespace base ..other = 1 end namespace result = base.#..other
The "#" character has been inserted into the last identifier for a better readability, but the plain sequence of three dots would do the same.
The unnamed symbol that hosts a special namespace can itself be accessed when an identifier ends with a sequence of two or more dots - thanks to the rule that an identifier which ends in a dot refers to the parent symbol of the namespace that would be accessed if there was a name after this dot. So in the context of the previous example the "base..." (or "base.#..") would refer to the unnamed parent of the namespace where the "other" symbol resides, and it would be the same symbol as identified by simple ".." inside the namespace of the "base" symbol.
When a symbol is defined as a label, it must be the only definition of this symbol in the entire source. A value that is in this way assigned to the symbol can be accesed from every place in the source, even before the label is actually defined. When a symbol is used before it is defined (this is often called forward-referencing) the assembler tries to correctly predict the value of the symbol by doing multiple passes over the source text. Only when all predictions prove to be correct, the assembler generates the final output.
This kind of symbols, which can only be defined once and thus have a universal value that can always be forward-referenced, is called a constant symbol. All labels are constants.
When a symbol is defined with a "=" command, it may have multiple definitions of this kind. Such symbol is called variable and when it is used, the value from its latest definition is accessed. A symbol defined with such command can also be forward-referenced, but only when it is defined exactly once in the entire source and as such has a single unambiguous value.
a = 1 ; a = 1 a = a + 1 ; a = 2 a = b + 1 ; a = 3 b = 2
A special case of forward-referencing is self-referencing, when the value of a symbol is used in its own definition. The assembly of such construct is successful only when the assembler is able to find a value that is stable under such evaluation, effectively solving an equation. But due to the simplicity of the resolving algorithm based on predictions a solution may not be found even when it exists.
x = (x-1)*(x+2)/2-2*(x+1) ; x = 6 or x = -1
The ":=" defines a constant value. It may be used instead of "=" to ensure that the given symbol is defined exactly once and that it can be forward-referenced.
The "=:" defines a variable symbol like "=", but it differs in how it treats the previous value (when such exists). While "=" discards the previous value, "=:" preserves it so it can later be brought back with the "restore" command:
a = 1 a =: 2 ; preserves a = 1 a = 3 ; discards a = 2 and replaces it with a = 3 restore a ; brings back a = 1
The "restore" may be followed by multiple symbol identifiers separated with commas, and it discards the latest definition of every one of them. It is not considered an error to use "restore" with a symbol that has no active definition (either because it was never defined or because all of its definitions were already discarded earlier). If a symbol is treated with the "restore" command, it can never be forward-referenced - for this reason "restore" cannot be applied to constants.
The "label" keyword followed by a symbol identifier is an alternative way of defining a label. In this basic form it is equivalent to a definition made with ":", but it occupies an entire line. However with this command it is possible to provide more settings for the defined label. The identifier may be optionally followed by the ":" token and then an additional value to be associated with this label (usually denoting the size of the labeled entity). The assembler has a number of built-in constants defining various sizes for this purpose, but this value can also be provided as a plain number.
label character:byte label char:1
The ":" character may be omitted in favor of a plain whitespace, but it is recommended for clarity. After an identifier and an optional size, the "at" keyword may follow and then a value that should be assigned to the label instead of the current address.
label wchar:word at char
The built-in size constants are equivalent to the following set of definitions:
byte? = 1 ; 8 bits word? = 2 ; 16 bits dword? = 4 ; 32 bits fword? = 6 ; 48 bits pword? = 6 ; 48 bits qword? = 8 ; 64 bits tbyte? = 10 ; 80 bits tword? = 10 ; 80 bits dqword? = 16 ; 128 bits xword? = 16 ; 128 bits qqword? = 32 ; 256 bits yword? = 32 ; 256 bits dqqword? = 64 ; 512 bits zword? = 64 ; 512 bits
The "element" keyword followed by a symbol identifier defines a special constant that has no fixed value and can be used as a variable in the linear polynomials. The identifier may be optionally followed by the ":" token and then a value to be associated with this symbol, called metadata of the element.
element A element B:1
The metadata assigned to a symbol can be extracted with a special operator, defined in the next section.
In every construction described so far where a value of some kind was provided, like after the "=" command or after the "at" keyword, it could be a literal value (a number or a quoted string) or a symbol identifier. A value can also be specified through an expression containing built-in operators.
The "+", "-" and "*" perform standard arithmetic operations on integers ("+" and "-" can also be used in a unary form - with only one argument). "/" and "mod" perform division with remainder, giving a quotient or a remainder respectively. Of these arithmetic operators "mod" has the highest precedence (it is calculated first), "*" and "/" come next, while "+" and "-" are evaluated last (even in their unary variants). Operators with the same precedence are evaluated from left to right. Parentheses can be used to enclose sub-expressions when a different order of operations is required.
The "xor", "and" and "or" perform bitwise operations on numbers. "xor" is addition of bits (exclusive or), "and" is multiplication of bits, and "or" is inclusive or (logical disjunction). These operators have higher precedence than any arithmetic operators.
The "shl" and "shr" perform bit-shifting of the first argument by the amount of bits specified by the second one. "shl" shifts bits left (towards the higher powers of two), while "shr" shifts bits right (towards zero), dropping bits that fall into the fractional range. These operators have higher precedence than other binary bitwise operations.
The "not", "bsf" and "bsr" are unary operators with even higher precedence. "not" inverts all the bits of a number, while "bsf" and "bsr" search for the lowest or highest set bit respectively, and give the index of that bit as a result.
All the operations on numbers are performed as if they were done on the infinite 2-adic representations of those numbers. For example the "bsr" with a negative number as an argument gives no valid result, since such number has an infinite chain of set bits extending towards infinity and as such contains no highest set bit (this is signaled as an error).
The "bswap" operator allows to create a string of bytes containing the representation of a number in a reverse byte order (big endian). The second argument to this operator should be the length in bytes of the required string. This operator has the same precedence as the "shl" and "shr" operators.
When a string value is used as an argument to any of the operations on numbers, it is treated as a sequence of bits and automatically converted into a positive number (extended with zero bits towards the infinity). The consecutive characters of a string correspond to the higher and higher bits of a number.
To convert a number back to a string, the "string" unary operator may be used. This operator has the lowest possible precedence, so when it precedes an expression, all of it is evaluated prior to the conversion. When conversion in the opposite direction is needed, simple unary "+" is enough to make a string become a number.
The length of a string may be obtained with the "lengthof" unary operator. This operator can only be applied to a string and it is one of the operators with the highest precedence.
When a symbol defined with the "element" command is used in an expression the result may be a linear polynomial in a variable represented by the symbol. Only simple arithmetic operations are allowed on the terms of a polynomial, and it must stay linear - so, for example, it is only allowed to multiply a polynomial by a number, but not by another polynomial.
There are a few operators with high precedence that allow to extract the information about the terms of linear polynomial. The polynomial should come as the first argument, and the index of the term as the second one. The "element" operator extracts the variable of a polynomial term (with the coefficient of one), the "scale" operator extracts the coefficient (a number by which the variable is multiplied) and "metadata" operator gives back the metadata associated with the variable.
When the second argument is an index higher than the index of the last term of the polynomial, all three operators return zero. When the second argument is zero, "element" and "scale" give information about the constant term - "element" returns numeric 1 and "scale" returns the value of the constant term.
element A linpoly = A + A + 3 vterm = linpoly scale 1 * linpoly element 1 ; vterm = 2 * A cterm = linpoly scale 0 * linpoly element 0 ; cterm = 3 * 1
The "metadata" operator with an index of zero returns the size that is associated with the first argument. This value is definite only when the first argument is a symbol that has a size associated with it (or an arithmetic expression that contains such symbol), otherwise it is zero. There exists an additional unary operator "sizeof", which gives the same value as "metadata 0".
label table : 256 length = sizeof table ; length = 256
The "elementof", "scaleof" and "metadataof" are variants of "element", "scale" and "metadata" operators with the opposite order of arguments. Therefore when "sizeof" is used in an expression it is equivalent to writing "0 metadataof" in its place. These operators have even higher precendence than their counterparts and are right-associative.
The order of the terms of the linear polynomial depends on the way in which the value was constructed. Every arithmetic operation preserves the order of the terms in the first argument, and the terms that were not present in the first argument are attached at the end in the same order in which they occurred in the second argument. This order only matters when extracting terms with appropriate operators.
The "elementsof" is another unary operator of the highest precedence, it counts the number of variable terms of a linear polynomial.
An expression may also contain a literal value that defines a floating-point number. Such number must be in decimal notation, it may contain "." character as a decimal mark and may be followed by the "e" character and then a decimal value of the exponent (optionally preceded by "+" or "-" to mark the sign of exponent). When "." or "e" is present, it must be followed by at least one digit. The "f" character can be appended at the end of such literal value. If a number contains neither "." nor "e", the final "f" is the only way to ensure that it is treated as floating-point and not as a simple decimal integer.
The floating-point numbers are handled by the assembler in the binary form. Their range and precision are at least as high as they are in the longest floating-point format that the assembler is able to produce in the output.
Basic arithmetic operations are allowed to have a floating-point number as any of the arguments, but none of the arguments may contain a non-scalar (linear polynomial) terms then. The result of such operation is always a floating-point number.
The unary "float" operator may be used to convert an integer value to floating-point. This operator has the highest precedence.
The "trunc" is another unary operator with the highest precedence and it can be applied to floating-point numbers. It extracts the integer part of a number (it is a truncation toward zero) and the result is always a plain integer, not a floating-point number. If the argument was already a plain integer, this operation leaves it unchanged.
The "bsr" operator can be applied to floating-point numbers and it returns the exponent of such number, which is the exponent of the largest power of two that is not larger than the given number. The sign of the floating-point value does not affect the result of this operation.
It is also allowed to use a floating-point number as the first argument to the "shl" and "shr" operators. The number is then multiplied or divided by the power of two specified by the second argument.
There are three distinct classes of symbols, determining the position in source line at which the symbol may be recognized. A symbol belonging to the instruction class is recognized only when it is the first identifier of the command, while a symbol from the expression class is recognized only when used to provide a value of arguments to some command.
All the types of definitions that were described in the earlier sections create the expression class symbols. The "label" and "restore" are the examples of built-in symbols belonging to the instruction class.
In any namespace it is allowed for symbols of different classes to share the same name, for example it is possible to define the instruction named "shl", while there is also an operator with the same name - but an operator belongs to the expression class. It is however recommended to avoid name clashes of this kind. An existing instruction may actually prevent definition of a symbol with the same name using a command like "=", because such definition requires the name to be the first identifier in command, and then it would be automatically interpreted as an instruction.
The third class of symbols are the labeled instructions. A symbol belonging to this class may be recognized only when the first identifier of the command is not an instruction - in such case the first identifier becomes a label to the instruction defined by the second one. If we treat "=" as a special kind of identifer, it may serve as an example of labeled instruction.
The rules concerning namespace apply equally to the symbols of all classes, for example symbol of instruction class belonging to the child namespace of latest label can be executed by preceding its name with dot. It should be noted, however, that when a namespace is specified through its parent symbol, it is always a symbol belonging to the expression class. It is not possible to refer to a child namespace of an instruction, only to the namespace belonging to the expression class symbol with the same name.
The assembler contains built-in symbols of all classes. Their names are always case-insensitive and they may be redefined, but it is not possible to remove them. When all the values of such symbol are removed with a command like "restore", the built-in value persists.
The "db" instruction allows to generate bytes of data and put them into the output. It should be followed by one or more values, separated with commas. When the value is numeric, it defines a single byte. When the value is a string, it puts the string of bytes into output.
db 'Hello',13,10 ; generate 7 bytes
The "dup" keyword may be used to generate the same value multiple times. The "dup" should be preceded by numeric expression defining the number of repetitions, and the value to be repeated should follow. A sequence of values may also be duplicated this way, in such case "dup" should be followed by the entire sequence enclosed in parentheses (with values separated with commas).
db 4 dup 90h ; generate 4 bytes db 2 dup ('abc',10) ; generate 8 bytes
When a special identifier consisting of a lone "?" character is used as a value in the arguments to "db", it reserves a single byte. This advances the address in the output where the next data are going to be put, but the reserved bytes are not generated themselves unless they are followed by some other data. Therefore if the bytes are reserved at the end of output, they do not increase the size of generated file. This kind of data is called uninitialized, while all the regular data are said to be initialized.
The "rb" instruction reserves a number of bytes specified by its argument.
db ? ; reserve 1 byte rb 7 ; reserve 7 bytes
Every built-in instruction that generates data (traditionally called a data directive) is paired with a labeled instruction of the same name. Such command in addition to generating data defines a label at address of generated data, with associated size equal to the size of data unit used by this instruction. In case of "db" and "rb" this size is 1.
some db sizeof some ; generate a byte with value 1
The "dw", "dd", "dp", "dq", "dt", "ddq", "dqq" and "ddqq" are instructions analogous to "db" with a different sizes of data unit. The order of bytes within a single generated unit is always little-endian. When a string of bytes is provided as the value to any of these instructions, the generated data is extended with zero bytes to the length which is the multiple of data unit. The "rw", "rd", "rp", "rq", "rt", "rdq", "rqq" and "rdqq" are the instructions that reserve a specified number of data units. The unit sizes associated with all these instructions are listed in table 1.
The "dw", "dd", "dq", "dt" and "ddq" instructions allow floating-point numbers as data units. Any such number is then converted into floating-point format appropriate for a given size.
The "emit" (with a synonym "dbx") is a data directive that uses the size of unit specified by its first argument to generate data defined by the remaining ones. The size may be separated from the next argument with a colon instead of a comma, for better readability. When the unit size is such that it has a dedicated data directive, the definition made with "emit" has the same effect as if these values were passed to the instruction tailored for this size.
emit 2: 0,1000,2000 ; generate three 16-bit values
The "file" instruction reads the data from an external file and writes it into output. The argument must be a string containing the path to the file, it may optionally be followed by ":" and the numeric value specifying an offset within the file, next it may be followed by comma and the numeric value specifying how many bytes to copy.
file 'data.bin' ; insert entire file excerpt file 'data.bin':10h,4 ; insert selected four bytes
|Size (bytes)||Generate data||Reserve data|
The "if" instruction causes a block of source text to be assembled only under certain condition, specified by a logical expression that is an argument to this instruction. The "else if" command in the following lines ends the previous conditionally assembled block and opens a new one, assembled only when the previous conditions were not met and the new condition (an argument to "else if") is true. The "else" command ends the previous conditionally assembled block and begins a block that is assembled only when none of the previous conditions was true. The "end if" command should be used to end the entire construction. There may be many or none "else if" commands inside and no more than one "else".
A logical expression is a distinct syntactical entity from the basic expressions that were described earlier. A logical expression consists of logical values connected with logical operators. The logical operators are: unary "~" for negation, "&" for conjunction and "|" for alternative. The negation is evaluated first, while "&" and "|" are simply evaluated from left to right, with no precedence over each other.
A logical value in its simplest form may be a basic expression, it then corresponds to true condition if and only if its value is not constant zero. Another way to create a logical value is to compare the values of two basic expressions with one of the following operators: "=" (equal), "<" (less than), ">" (greater than), "<=" (less or equal), ">=" (greater or equal), "<>" (not equal).
count = 2 if count > 1 db '0' db count-1 dup ',0' else if count = 1 db '0' end if
When linear polynomials are compared this way, the logical value is valid only when they are comparable, which is whey they differ in constant term only. Otherwise the condition like equality is neither universally true nor universally false, since it depends on the values substituted for variables, and assembler signals this as an error.
The "relativeto" operator creates a logical value that is true only when the difference of compared values does not contain any variable terms. Therefore it can be used to check whether two linear polynomials are comparable - the "relativeto" condition is true only when both compared polynomials have the same variable terms.
Because logical expressions are lazily evaluated, it is possible to create a single condition that will not cause an error when the polynomials are not comparable, but will compare them if they are:
if a relativeto b & a > b db a - b end if
The "eqtype" operator can also be used to compare two basic expressions, it makes a logical value which is true when the values of the expressions are of the same type - either both are algebraic, both are strings or both are floating-point numbers. An algebraic type covers the linear polynomials and it includes the integer values.
The "eq" operator compares two basic expressions and creates a logical value which is true only when their values are of the same type and equal. This operator can be used to check whether a value is a certain string, a certain floating-point number or a certain linear polynomial. It can compare values that are not comparable with "=" operator.
The "defined" operator creates a logical value combined with a basic expression that follows it. This condition is true when the expression does not contain symbols that have no accessible definition. The expression is only tested for the availability of its components, it does not need to have a computable value. This can be used to check whether a symbol of expression class has been defined, but since the symbol can be accessible through forward-referencing, this condition may be true even when the symbol is defined later in source. The basic expression that follows "defined" is also allowed to be empty and the condition is then trivially satisfied.
The "used" operator forms a logical value if it is followed by a single identifier. This condition is true when the value of specified symbol has been used anywhere in the source.
The "assert" is an instruction that signalizes an error when a condition specified by its argument is not met.
The "macro" command allows to define a new instruction, in form of a macroinstruction. The block of source text between the "macro" and "end macro" command becomes the text of macroinstruction and this sequence of lines is assembled in place of the original command that starts with identifier of instruction defined this way.
macro null db 0 end macro null ; "db 0" is assembled here
The macroinstruction is allowed to have arguments only when the definition contains them. After the "macro" and the identifier of defined symbol optionally may come a list of simple names separated with commas, these names define the parameters of macroinstruction. When this instruction is then used, it may be followed by at most the same number of arguments separated with commas, and their values are assigned to the consecutive parameters. Before any line of text inside the macroinstruction is interpreted, the name tokens that correspond to any the parameters are replaced with their assigned values.
macro lower name,value name = value and 0FFh end macro lower a,123h ; a = 23h
The value of a parameter can be any text, not necessarily a correct expression. If a line calling the macroinstruction contains fewer arguments than the number of defined parameters, the excess parameters receive the empty values.
When the name of parameter is defined, it may be followed by "?" character to denote that it is case-insensitive, analogously to a name in a symbol identifier. There must be no whitespace between the name and "?". A definition of a parameter may also be followed by "*" to denote that it requires a value that is not empty, or alternatively by ":" character followed by a default value, which is assigned to the parameter instead of an empty one when no other value is provided.
macro prepare name*,value:0 name = value end macro prepare x ; x = 0 prepare y,1 ; y = 1
If an argument to macroinstruction needs to contain a comma character, the entire argument must be enclosed between the "<" and ">" characters (they do not become a part of the value). If another "<" character is encountered inside such value, it must be balanced with corresponding ">" character inside the same value.
macro data name,value name: .data db value .end: end macro data example, <'abc',10>
The last defined parameter may be followed by "&" character to denote that this parameter should be assigned a value containing the entire remaining part of line, even if it normally would define multiple arguments. Therefore when macroinstruction has just one parameter followed by "&", the value of this parameter is the entire text of arguments following the instruction.
macro id first,rest& dw first db rest end macro id 2, 7,1,8
When the name of a parameter is to be replaced with its value and it is preceded by "`" character (without any whitespace inbetween), the text of the value is embedded into a quoted string and this string replaces both the "`" character and the name of parameter.
macro text line& db `line end macro text x+1 ; db 'x+1'
The "local" is a command that may only be used inside the macroinstruction. It should be followed by one or more names separated with commas, and it declares that the names from this list should in context of current macroinstruction be interpreted as belonging to the special namespace associated with this macroinstruction instead of current base namespace. This allows to create some unique symbols every time the macroinstruction is called. Such declaration defines an additional parameter with the specified name and it only affects the uses of that name that follow within the same macroinstruction. Declaring the same name as local multiple times within the same macroinstruction gives no additional effect.
macro measured name,string local top name db string top: name.length = top - name end macro measured hello, 'Hello!' ; hello.length = 6
Just like an expression symbol may be redefined and refer to its previous value in the definition of the new one, the macroinstructions can also be redefined, and use the previous value of this instruction symbol in its text:
macro zero db 0 end macro macro zero name label name:byte zero end macro zero x
And just like other symbols, a macroinstruction may be forward-referenced when it is defined exactly once in the entire source. Such macroinstruction may then use its own value in a recursive way, analogously to self-referential definition of an expression symbol.
macro factorial n if n factorial n-1 result = result * (n) else result = 1 end if end macro
A caution should be taken when redefining the built-in instructions, since they are always case-insensitive and if a macroinstruction is defined with the same name, but case-sensitive, it will create a symbol that may be forward-referenced, while overriding one of the case variants of assembly command. Trying to call the original instruction inside such macroinstruction may lead to infinite recursion. Therefore when redefining a case-insensitive instruction, it is important to not forget the "?" character after the name of macroinstruction.
The "purge" command discards the definition of a symbol just like "restore", but it does so for the symbol of instruction class. It behaves in the same way as "restore" in all the other aspects. A macroinstruction can remove its own definition with "purge".
A macroinstruction may in turn define another macroinstruction or a number of them. The blocks designated by "macro" and "end macro" must be properly nested one within the other for such definition to be accepted by the assembler.
macro enum enclosing counter = 0 macro item name name := counter counter = counter + 1 end macro macro enclosing purge item,enclosing end macro end macro enum x item a item b item c x
When it is required that macroinstruction generates unpaired "macro" or "end macro" command, it can be done with special "esc" instruction. Its argument becomes a part of macroinstruction, but is not being taken into account when counting the nested "macro" and "end macro" pairs.
macro xmacro name esc macro name x& end macro xmacro text db `x end macro
When an identifer of macroinstruction in its definition is followed by "!" character, it defines the unconditional macroinstruction. This is a special kind of instruction class symbol, which is evaluated even in places where the assembly is suspended - like inside the conditional block whose condition is false, or inside a definition of another macroinstruction. This allows to define instructions that can be used where otherwise a directly stated "end if" or "end macro" would be required, as in the following example:
macro proc name name: if used name end macro macro endp! end if .end: end macro proc tester db ? endp
If the macroinstruction "proc" in the above sample was not defined as an unconditional one and the block started with "if" was being skipped, the macroinstruction would not get evaluated, and this would lead to an error because "end if" would be missing.
It should be noted that "end" command executes an instruction identified by its argument in context of the child namespace of case-insensitive "end" symbol. Therefore command like "end if" could be alternatively invoked with an "end.if" identifier, and it is possible to override any such instruction by redefining a symbol in the "end?" namespace. Moreover, any instruction defined within the "end?" namespace can then be called with the "end" command. This slighly modified variant of the above sample puts these facts to use:
macro proc name name: if used name end macro macro end?.proc! end if .end: end macro proc tester db ? end proc
A similar rule applies to the "else" command and the instructions in the "else?" namespace.
When an instruction is unconditional, it is not allowed to override it with a regular instruction - all new definitions of such instruction must be unconditional, too. Some of the built-in instructions are unconditional, like "end", and redefining them is only possible through an unconditional macroinstruction.
When an identifier consisting of a lone "?" character is used as an instruction symbol in the definition of macroinstruction, it defines a special instruction that is then called every time a line to be assembled does not begin with an unconditional instruction, and the complete text of line becomes the arguments to this macroinstruction. This special symbol can also be defined as an unconditional instruction, and then it is called for every following line with no exception. This allows to completely override the assembly process on portions of the text. The following sample defines a macroinstruction which allows to define a block of comments by skiping all the lines of text until it encounters a line with content equal to the argument given to "comment".
macro comment?! ender macro ?! line& if `line = `ender purge ? end if end macro end macro comment ~ Any text may follow here. ~
The "struc" command allows to define a labeled instruction, in form of a macroinstruction. Except for the fact that such definition must be closed with "end struc" instead of "end macro", these macroinstructions are defined in the same way as with "macro" command. A labeled instruction is evaluated when the first identifier of a command is not an instruction and the second identifier is of the labeled instruction class:
struc some db 1 end struc get some ; "db 1" is assembled here
Inside the labeled macroinstruction identifiers starting with dot no longer refer to the namespace of latest label in the current base namespace. Instead they refer to the namespace of label with which the instruction was labeled.
struc POINT label . : qword .x dd ? .y dd ? end struc my POINT ; defines my.x and my.y
Note that the parent symbol, which can be refered by "." identifier, is not defined unless an appropriate definition is generated by the macroinstruction. In the above example it is done with the "label" instruction. For an easier use of this feature, other syntaxes may be defined with macroinstructions, like in this sample:
macro struct? definition& struc definition label . : .%top - . namespace . end macro macro ends?! %top: end namespace end struc end macro struct POINT vx:?,vy:? x dd vx y dd vy ends my POINT 10,20
Note that it is not necessary to use "esc" instruction to generate unpaired "struc" or "end struc" through a macroinstruction defined with "macro". In the same manner unpaired "macro" or "end macro" can occur freely in a definition made with "struc".
The "restruc" command is analogous to "purge", but it operates on symbols from the class of labeled instructions.
As with "macro", it is possible to use an identifier consisting of a lone "?" character with "struc". It defines a special labeled macroinstruction that is called every time the first symbol of a line is not recognized as an instruction. Everything that follows that first identifier becomes the arguments to labeled macroinstruction. The following sample uses this feature to catch any orphaned labels (the ones that are not followed by any character) and treat them as regular ones instead of causing an error. It achieves it by making ":" the default value for "def" parameter:
struc ? def::& . def end struc orphan regular: assert orphan = regular
This special variant does not override unconditional labeled instructions unless it is unconditional itself.
While "." provides an efficient method of accessing the label symbol, sometimes it may be needed to process the actual text of the label. A special parameter can be defined for this purpose and its name should be inserted enclosed in parentheses before the name of labeled macroinstruction:
struc (name) SYMBOL . db `name,0 end struc test SYMBOL
The "equ" is a built-in labeled instruction that defines symbol of expression class with a symbolic value. Such value can contain any text (even an empty one) and when it is used in an expression it is equivalent to inserting the text of its value in place of its identifier, with an effect similar to evaluation of a parameter of macroinstruction.
This can lead to a different results than when a standard variable defined with "=" is used, as the following example demonstrates:
numeric = 2 + 2 symbolic equ 2 + 2 x = numeric*3 ; x = 4*3 y = symbolic*3 ; y = 2 + 2*3
While "x" is assigned the value of 12, the value of "y" is 8. This shows that the use of such symbols can lead to unintended interactions and therefore definitions of this type should be avoided unless really necessary.
The "equ" allows redefinitions, and it preserves the previous value of symbol analogously to the "=:" command, so the earlier value can be brought back with "restore" instruction. To replace the symbolic value (analogously to how "=" overwrites the regular value) the "reequ" command should be used instead of "equ".
The symbolic value, in addition to retaining the exact text it was defined with, preserves the context in which the symbols contained in this text are to be interpreted. Therefore it can effectively become a reliable link to value of some other symbol, lasting even when it is used in a different context (this includes change of the base namespace or a symbol referred by a starting dot):
first: .x = 1 link equ .x .x = 2 second: .x = 3 db link ; db 2
It should be noted that the same applies to the parameters of any macroinstruction. If during the execution of macroinstruction the context changes, the identifiers within the text of parameter still refer to the same symbols as in the line that called this instruction:
x = 1 namespace x x = 2 end namespace macro prodx value namespace x db value*x end namespace end macro prodx x ; db 1*2
Furthermore, the parameters defined with "local" command use the same mechanism to alter the context in which given name is interpreted, without altering the text of the name. However, such modified context is not relevant if the value of parameter is inserted in a middle or at the end of a complex identifier, because it is the structure of an identifier that dictates how its later parts are interpreted and only the context for an initial part matters.
If the text following "equ" viewed as a sequence of symbols contains any identifiers of known symbolic values, each of them is replaced with the text of its value before creating a new one that is defined. The corresponding sections of text still preserve the original context, though.
The "define" is a regular instruction that also creates a symbolic value, but as opposed to "equ" it does not evaluate symbolic variables in the assigned text. It should be followed by an identifier of symbol to be defined and then by the text of the value.
The difference between "equ" and "define" is often not noticeable, because when used in final expression the symbolic variables are nestedly evaluated until only the usable constituents of expressions are left. A possible use of "define" is to create a link to another symbolic variable, like the following example demonstrates:
a equ 0* x equ -a define y -a a equ 1* db x 2 ; db -0*2 db y 2 ; db -1*2
The other uses of "define" will arise in the later sections, with the introduction of other instructions that operate on symbolic values.
The "define", like "equ", preserves the previous value of symbol. The "redefine" is a variant of this instruction that discards the earlier value, analogously to "reequ".
Note that while symbolic variables belong to the expression class of symbols, their state cannot be determined with operators like "defined" or "used", because an logical expression containing such operators is evaluated as if every symbolic variable was replaced with the text of corresponding value. Therefore "defined" followed by an identifer of symbolic variable is going to be applied to the content of this variable, whatever it is. For example if you create a symbolic variable which is simply a link to a regular symbol, the "defined" or "used" followed by the identifier of this symbolic variable is going to determine the status of linked symbol.
The "repeat" instruction allows to assemble a block of instructions multiple times, with the number of repetitions specified by the value of its argument. The block of instructions should be ended with "end repeat" command. A synonym "rept" can be used instead of "repeat".
a = 2 repeat a + 3 a = a + 1 end repeat assert a = 7
The "while" instruction causes the block of instructions to be assembled repeatedly as long as the condition specified by its argument is true. Its argument should be a logical expression, like an argument for "if" or "assert". The block should be closed with "end while" command.
a = 7 while a > 4 a = a - 2 end while assert a = 3
The "%" is a special parameter which is preprocessed inside the repeated block of instructions and is replaced with a decimal number being the number of current repetition (starting with 1). It works in a similar way to a parameter of macroinstruction, so it is replaced with its value before the actual command is processed and so it can be used to create symbol identifiers containing the number as a part of name:
repeat 16 f#% = 1 shl % end repeat
The above example defines symbols "f1" to "f16" with values being the consecutive powers of two.
The "repeat" instruction can have additional arguments, separated with commas, each containing a name of supplementary parameters specific to this block. Each of the names can be followed by ":" character and the expression specifying the base value from which the parameter is going to start counting the repetitions. This allows to easily change the previous sample to define the range of symbols from "f0" to "f15":
repeat 16, i:0 f#i = 1 shl i end repeat
The "%%" is another special parameter that has a value equal to the total number of repetitions planned. This parameter is undefined inside the "while" block. The following example uses it to create the sequence of bytes with values descending from 255 to 0:
repeat 256 db %%-% end repeat
The "break" instruction allows to stop the repeating prematurely. When it is encountered, it causes the rest of repeated block to be skipped and no further repetitions to be executed. It can be used to stop the repeating if a certain condition is met:
s = x/2 repeat 100 if x/s = s break end if s = (s+x/s)/2 end repeat
The above sample tries to find the square root of the value of symbol "x", which is assumed defined elsewhere. It can easily be rewritten to perform the same task with "while" instead of "repeat":
s = x/2 while x/s <> s s = (s+x/s)/2 if % = 100 break end if end while
The "iterate" instruction (with a synonym "irp") repeats the block of instructions while iterating through the list of values separated with commas. The first argument to "iterate" should be a name of parameter, folowed by the comma and then a list of values. During each iteration the parameter receives one of the values from the list.
iterate value, 1,2,3 db value end iterate
Like it is in the case of an argument to macroinstruction, the value of parameter that contains commas needs to be enclosed with "<" and ">" characters. It is also possible to enclose the first argument to "iterate" with "<" and ">", in order to define multiple parameters. The list of values is then divided into section containing as many values as there are parameters, and each iteration operates on one such section, assigning to each parameter a corresponding value:
iterate <name,value>, a,1, b,2, c,3 name = value end iterate
The name of a parameter can also, like in the case of macroinstructions, be followed by "*" to require that the parameter has a value that is not empty, or ":" and a default value.
The "break" instruction plus both the "%" and "%%" parameters can be used inside the "iterate" block with the same effects as in case of "repeat".
The "indx" is an instruction that can be only be used inside the iterated block and it changes the values of all the iterated parameters to the ones corresponding to iteration with number specified by the argument to "indx" (but when the next iteration is started, the values of parameters are again assigned in the normal way). This allows to process the iterated values in a different order. In the following example the values are processed from the last to the first:
iterate value, 1,2,3 indx 1+%%-% db value end iterate
With "indx" it is even possible to move the view of iterated values many times during the single repetition. In the following example the entire processing is done during the first repetition of iterated block and then the "break" instruction is used to prevent further iterations:
iterate str, 'alpha','beta','gamma' repeat %% dw offset#% end repeat repeat %% indx % offset#% db str end repeat break end iterate
The parameters defined by "iterate" do not attach the context to iterated values, but neither do they remove the original context if such is already attached to the text of arguments. So if the values given to "iterate" were themselves created from another parameter that preserved the original context for the symbol identifiers (like the parameter of macroinstruction), then this context is preserved, but otherwise "iterate" defines just a plain text substitution.
The parameters defined by instructions like "iterate" or "repeat" are processed everywhere in the text of associated block, but with some limitations if the block is defined partly by the text of macroinstruction and partly in other places. In that case the parameters are only accessible in the parts of the block that are defined in the same place as the initial command.
Every time a parameter is defined, its name can have the "?" character attached to it to indicate that this parameter is case-insensitive. However when parameters are recognized inside the preprocessed line, it does not matter whether they are followed by "?" there. The only modifier that is recognized by preprocessor when it replaces the parameter with its value is the "`" character.
The repeating instructions together with "if" belong to the group called control directives. They are the instructions that control the flow of assembly. Each of them defines its own block of subordinate instructions, closed with corresponding "end" command, and if these blocks are nested within each other, it always must be a proper nesting - the inner block must always be closed before the outer one. All control directives are therefore the unconditional instructions - they are recognized even when they are inside an otherwise skipped block.
The "postpone" is another control directive, which causes the block of instructions to be assembled later, when all of the following source text has already been processed.
dw final_count postpone final_count = counter end postpone counter = 0
The above sample postpones the definition of "final_count" symbol until the entire source has been processed, so that it can access the final value of "counter" variable.
The assembly of the source text that follows "postpone" includes the assembly of any additional blocks declared with "postpone", therefore if there are multiple such blocks, they are assembled in the reverse order. The one that was declared last is assembled first when the end of the source text is reached.
When the "postpone" directive is provided with an argument consisting of a single "?" character, it tells the assembler that the block contains operations which should not affect any of the values defined in the main source and thus the assembler may refrain from evaluating them until all other values have been successfully resolved. Such blocks are processed even later than the ones declared by "postpone" with no arguments. They may be used to perform some finalizing tasks, like the computation of a checksum of the assembled code.
The "irpv" is another repeating instruction and an iterator. It has just two arguments, first being the name of parameter and second the identifier of symbolic variable. It iterates through all the stacked values of symbolic variable, starting from the oldest one.
var equ 1 var equ 2 var equ 3 var reequ 4 irpv param, var db param end irpv
In the above example there are three iterations, with values 1, 2, and 4.
"irpv" can effectively convert a value of symbolic variable into a parameter, and this can be useful all by itself, because the symbolic variable is only evaluated in the expressions inside the arguments of instructions (labeled or not), while the parameters are preprocessed in the entire line before any processing of command is started. This allows, for example, to redefine a regular value that is linked by symbolic variable:
x = 1 var equ x irpv symbol, var indx %% symbol = 2 break end irpv assert x = 2
The combination of "indx" and "break" was added to the above sample to limit the iteration to the latest value of symbolic variable. In the next section a better solution to the same problem will be presented.
The "match" is a control directive which causes its block of instructions to be assembled only when the text specified by its second argument matches the pattern given by the first one. A text is separated from a pattern with a comma character, and it includes everything that follows this separator up to the end of line.
Every special character (except for the "," and "=", which have a specific meaning in the pattern) is matched literally - it must be paired with the identical token in the text. In the following example the content of the first block is assembled, while the content of the second one is not.
match +,+ assert 1 ; positive match end match match +,- assert 0 ; negative match end match
The quoted strings are also matched literally, but name tokens in the pattern are treated differently. Every name acts as a wildcard and can match any sequence of tokens which is not empty. If the match is successful, the parameters with such names are created, and each is assigned the value equal to the text this wildcard was matched with.
match a[b], 100h dw a+b ; dw 100h+3 end match
A parameter name in pattern can have an extra "?" character attached to it to indicate that it is a case-insensitive name.
The "=" character causes the token that follows it to be matched literally. It allows to perform the matching of name tokens, and also of the special characters that would otherwise have a different meaning, like "," or "=", or "?" following the name.
match =a==a, a=8 db a ; db 8 end match
If the "=" is followed by name token with "?" character attached to it, this element is matched literally but in a case-insensitive way:
match =a?==a, A=8 db a ; db 8 end match
When there are many wildcards in the pattern, each consecutive one is matched with as few tokens as possible and the last one takes what is left. If the wildcards follow each other without any literally matched elements between them, the first one is matched with just a single token, and the second one with the remaining text:
match car cdr, 1+2+3 db car ; db 1 db cdr ; db +2+3 end match
In the above sample the matched text must contain at least two tokens, because each wildcard needs at least one token to be not empty. In the next example there are additional constraints, but the same general rules applies and the first wildcard consumes as little as possible:
match first:rest, 1+2:3+4:5+6 db `first ; db '1+2' db 13,10 db `rest ; db '3+4:5+6' end match
While any whitespace next to the wildcards is ignored, the presence or absence of whitespace between the literally matched elements is meaningful. If such elements have no whitespace between them, their counterparts must contain no whitespace between them either. But if there is a whitespace between the elements in pattern, it places no constraints on the use of whitespace in the corresponding text - it can be present of not.
match ++,++ assert 1 ; positive match end match match ++,+ + assert 0 ; negative match end match match + +,++ assert 1 ; positive match end match match + +,+ + assert 1 ; positive match end match
The presence of whitespace in the text becomes required when the pattern contains the "=" character followed by a whitespace:
match += +, ++ assert 0 ; negative match end match match += +, + + assert 1 ; positive match end match
The "match" command is analogous to "if" in that it allows to use the "else" or "else match" to create a selection of blocks from which only one is executed:
macro let param match dest+==src, param dest = dest + src else match dest-==src, param dest = dest + src else match dest++, param dest = dest + 1 else match dest--, param dest = dest + 1 else match dest==src, param dest = src else assert 0 end match end macro let x=3 ; x = 3 let x+=7 ; x = x + 7 let x++ ; x = x + 1
It is even possible to mix the "if" and "match" conditions in a sequence of "else" blocks. The entire construction must be closed with "end" command corresponding to whichever of the two was used last:
macro record text match any, text recorded equ `text else if RECORD_EMPTY recorded equ '' end if end macro
The "match" is able to recognize symbolic variables and before the matching is started, their identifiers in the text of the second argument are replaced with corresponding values (just like they are replaced in the text that follows the "equ" command):
var equ 2+3 match a+b, var db a xor b end match
This means that the "match" can be used instead of "irpv" to convert the latest value of a symbolic variable to parameter. The sample from the previous section, where "irpv" was used with "break" to perform just one iteration on the last value, can be rewritten to use "match" instead:
x = 1 var equ x match symbol, var symbol = 2 end match assert x = 2
The difference between them is that "irpv" would execute its block even for an empty value, while in the case of "match" the "else" block would have to be added to handle the empty text.
When the evaluation of symbolic variables in the matched text is undesirable, the symbol created with "define" can be used as a proxy to preserve the text, because the replacement is not recursive:
macro drop value local temporary define temporary value match =A, temporary db A restore A else db value end match end macro A equ 1 A equ 2 drop A drop A
A concern could arise that "define" may modify the meaning of text by equipping it with a local context. But when the value for "define" comes from the parameter of macroinstruction (as in the above sample), it already carries its original context and "define" does not alter it.
The "rawmatch" directive (with a synonym "rmatch") is very similar to "match", but it operates on the raw text of the second argument. Not only it does not evaluate the symbolic variables, but it also strips the text of any additional context it could have carried.
struc has instruction rawmatch text, instruction namespace . text end namespace end rawmatch end struc define x x has a = 3 assert x.a = 3
In the above sample the identifier of "a" would be interpreted in the context effective for the line calling the "has" macroinstruction if it was not converted back into the raw text by "rmatch".
The "org" instruction starts a new area of output. The content of such area is written into the destination file next to the previous data, but the addresses in the new area are based on the value specified in the argument to "org". The area is closed automatically when the next one is started or when the source ends.
org 100h start: ; start = 100h
The "$" is a built-in symbol of expression class which is always equal to the value of current address. Therefore definition of a constant with the value specified by "$" symbol is equivalent to defining a label at the same point:
org 100h start = $ ; start = 100h
The "$$" symbol is always equal to the base of current addressing space, so in the area started with "org" it has the same value as the base address from the argument of "org". The difference between "$" and "$$" is thus the current position relative to the start of the area:
org 2000h db 'Hello!' size = $ - $$ ; size = 6
The "$@" symbol evaluates to the base address of current block of uninitialized data. When there was no such data defined just before the current position, this value is equal to "$", otherwise it is equal to "$" minus the length of said data inside the current addressing space. Note that reserved data no longer counts as such when it is followed by an initialized one.
The "section" instruction is similar to "org", but it additionally trims all the reserved data that precedes it analogously to how the uninitialized data is not written into output when it is at the end of file. The "section" can therefore be followed by initialized data definitions without causing the previously reserved data to be initialized with zeros and written into output. In this sample only the first of the three reserved buffers is actually converted into zeroed data and written into output, because it is followed by some initialized data. The second one is trimmed because of the "section", and the third one is cut off since it lies at the end of file:
data1 dw 1 buffer1 rb 10h ; zeroed and present in the output org 400h data dw 2 buffer2 rb 20h ; not in the output section 1000h data3 dw 3 buffer3 rb 30h ; not in the output
The "$%" is a built-in symbol equal to the offset within the output file at which the initialized data would be generated if it was defined at this point. The "$%%" symbol is the current offset within the output file. These two values differ only when they are used after some data has been reserved - the "$%" is then larger than "$%%" by the length of unitialized data which would be generated into output if it was to be followed by some initialized one.
db 'Hello!' rb 4 position = $%% ; position = 6 next = $% ; next = 10
The values in the comments of the above sample assume that the source contains no other instructions generating output.
The "virtual" creates a special output area which is not written into output file. This kind of area must reside between the "virtual" and "end virtual" commands, and after it is closed, the output generator comes back to the area it was previously operating on, with position and address the same as there were just before opening the "virtual" block. This allows also to nest the "virtual" blocks within each other.
When "virtual" has no argument, the base address of this area is the same as current address in the outer area. An argument to "virtual" can have a form of "at" keyword followed by an expression defining the base address for the enclosed area:
int dw 1234h virtual at int low db ? high db ? end virtual
The "load" instruction defines the value of a variable by loading the string of bytes from the data generated in an output area. It should be followed by an identifier of symbol to define, then optionally the ":" character and a number of bytes to load, then the "from" keyword and an address of the data to load. This address can be specified in two modes. If it is simply a numeric expression, it is an address within the current area. In that case the loaded bytes must have already been generated, so it is only possible to load from the space between "$$" and "$" addresses.
virtual at 100h db 'abc' load b:byte from 101h ; b = 'b' end virtual
When the number of bytes is not specified, the length of loaded string is determined by the size associated with address.
The other variant of "load" needs a special kind of label, which is created with "::" instead of ":". Such label has a value that cannot be used directly, but it can be used with "load" instruction to access the data of the area in which this label has been defined. The address for "load" has then to be specified as the area label followed by ":" and then the address within that area:
virtual at 0 hex_digits:: db '0123456789ABCDEF' end virtual load a:byte from hex_digits:10 ; a = 'A'
This variant of "load" can access the data which is generated later, even within the current area:
area:: db 'abc' load sub:3 from area:$-2 ; sub = 'bcd' db 'def'
The "store" instruction can modify already generated data in the output area. It should be followed by a value (automatically converted to string of bytes), then optionally the ":" character followed by a number of bytes to write (when this setting is not present, the length of string is determined by the size associated with address), then the "at" keyword and the address of data to replace, in one of the same two modes as allowed by "load". However the "store" is not allowed to modify the data that has not been generated yet, and any area that has been touched by "store" becomes a variable area, forbidding also the "load" to read a data from such area in advance.
The following example uses the combination of "load" and "store" to encrypt the entire contents of the current area with a simple "xor" operation:
db "Text" key = 7Bh repeat $-$$ load a : byte from $$+%-1 store a xor key : byte at $$+%-1 end repeat
If the final data of an area that has been modified by "store" needs to be read earlier in the source, it can be achieved by copying this data into a different area that would not be constrained in such way. This is analogous to defining a constant with a final value of some variable:
load char from const:0 virtual var:: db 'abc' .length = $ end virtual store 'A' at var:0 virtual const:: repeat var.length load a : byte from var:%-1 db a end repeat end virtual
The area label can be forward-referenced by "load", but it can never be forward-referenced by "store", even if it refers to the current output area.
The "include" instruction reads the source text from another file and processes it before proceeding further in the current source. Its argument should be a string defining the path to a file (the format of the path may depend on the operating system). If after the instruction and before the argument the "!" character is added, the other file is read and processed unconditionally, even when it is inside a skipped block (the unconditional instructions from the other file may then get recognized).
The "eval" instruction takes a sequence of bytes defined by its arguments, treats it as a source text and assembles it. The arguments are either strings or the numeric values of single bytes, separated with commas. In the next example "eval" is used to generate definitions of symbols named as a consecutive letters of the alphabet:
repeat 26 eval 'A'+%-1,'=',`% end repeat assert B = 2
The "display" instruction causes a sequence of bytes to be written into standard output, next to the messages generated by the assembler. It should be followed by strings or numeric values of single bytes, separated with commas. The following example uses "repeat 1" to define a parameter with a decimal representation of computed number, and then displays it as a string:
macro show description,value repeat 1, d:value display description,`d,13,10 end repeat end macro show '2^64=',1 shl 64
The "err" instruction signalizes an error in the assembly process, with a custom message specified by its argument. It allows the same kind of arguments as the "display" directive.
if $>10000h err 'segment too large' end if
The built-in symbol "%t" has the constant value of the timestamp marking the point in time when the assembly was started.
The "__file__" is a built-in symbol whose value is a string containing the name of currently processed source file. The accompanying "__line__" symbol provides the number of currently processed line in that file.
Copyright © 2004-2016, Tomasz Grysztar. | <urn:uuid:ece8e7f0-cdf3-447c-9203-bd85f7c16b1a> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://flatassembler.net/docs.php?article=fasmg_manual | 2017-06-25T22:33:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320593.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625221343-20170626001343-00602.warc.gz | en | 0.892566 | 16,543 |
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... Are manmade chemicals threatening our fertility, intelligence, and survival? Is this sheep-rancher-turned-zoologist a modern-day Cassandra or just another Chicken Little?
Tick... tick... tick...
Mike Walrus: Tonight, we're bringing you a special 60 MINUTS. With us, we have Dr. Theo Ree, author of the latest doomsday book Our Swollen Future.
At first glance, Our Swollen Future is about a newly theorized threat to human health posed by manmade chemicals. Chemicals commonly found in plastics, pesticides and other industrial and consumer products. Chemicals that may also be found everyday in your food, your water, and the air that you breathe.
Unlike past warnings, Our Swollen Future is not about how manmade chemicals are causing cancer. Instead, Dr. Theo Ree wants us to believe that these chemicals--these "endocrine disputers" or "environmental estrogens"--are disrupting our normal hormonal processes so that our fertility, our intelligence, and even our very survival are being put at risk.
That's at first glance. But as the cliche goes, never judge a book by its cover.
Some say the real story is how Dr. Theo Ree longs to be hailed as the new Rachel Carson, author of the infamous 1960s doomsday book Silent Spring and the queen bee of ecomania.
Others say that Dr. Theo Ree is a pawn of radical environmental groups who see this new scare as a means to advance their own political agendas. Leftist groups who see industry and capitalism as the bane of society. Paranoid groups that, like the Unabomber, see technology as inherently evil.
And last, but not least, some say that Dr. Theo Ree is simply laughing all the way to the bank at the expense of the public. A public, she is banking on, that will believe almost anything.
Dr. Theo Ree, let me first congratulate you on the success of your book. I'm simply awed by your style. That grandmotherly camouflage is pure genius. Sort of like Ma Barker dressed up as Mother Theresa.
Dr. Theo Ree: Or you dressed up as a journalist.
Mike Walrus: Exactly! Now, let's start with the book title. What exactly does it mean?
Dr. Theo Ree: Two things. First, it refers to what is happening to my ego. All this talk about little old me being the next Rachel Carson is heady stuff.
Second, it's a not-so-veiled reference to what is happening to my bank account... as well as the bank accounts of environmental advocacy groups smart enough to jump on the Our Swollen Future bandwagon.
The research budgets of federal agencies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will also skyrocket. All resulting from the Congress', public's, and media's blissful gullibility.
Mike Walrus: You know, Dr. Theo Ree, I'm not all that gullible. I knew that Edit Broadley was way off base when he did that crazy story on the pesticide Alar. But would he listen to me? Nooooo...
Morley Suffer: I see that Vice President Al Bore wrote the foreword to Our Swollen Future. Can we expect his future to "swell" also?
Dr. Theo Ree: Absolutely. Our Swollen Future positions him politically as Captain Planet,...you know . . . like from the cartoon,..."he's our hero... gonna take pollution down to zero!" That will come in handy for the presidential election in 2000.
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, wouldn't it have been more credible to have a world-class scientist write the foreword? Say maybe a Nobel prize winner?
Dr. Theo Ree: Sure... but all the scientists who read my book died laughing. And anyway, the book wasn't written for scientists.
The book is written for the uninformed public who scare easily and who can't critically evaluate my message or any of the supporting information. That's the part I like.
You see...like the Vice President, I'm not really a scientist either. I'm not sure that being a scientist is even that important.
Look, industry has plenty of scientists and it's been getting its rear-end handed to it for years by skillful environmental advocacy groups and clever bureaucrats who don't know science from taxidermy.
Morley Suffer: Dr. Theo Ree, I'm quite impressed that you were able to transform yourself from a sheep farmer into a "scientist" and acclaimed author.
Dr. Theo Ree: Thanks Morley... I'd been an environmental activist for a long time. But I got tired of being known as a "little old lady tree hugger in tennis shoes."
So, at fifty-one years of age, I went back to graduate school. After seven long years, I finally got my Ph.D. in zoology.
Mike Walrus: Zoology? Isn't that the study of animal biology? But Our Swollen Future is about people!
Dr. Theo Ree: But people ARE animals. Didn't you ever see the movie Animal House? There was Otter and Pinto and...
Mike Walrus: I assume that since you earned your Ph.D. you've been conducting scientific research. Can you tell us about that?
Dr. Theo Ree: Well, I've never really conducted any scientific research. I've never published any peer-reviewed articles in the scientific literature. Nor do I intend to.
Mike Walrus: Why not?
Dr. Theo Ree: Mike, all that science stuff is for LOSERS. Most scientists spend their lives toiling in some sweat shop of a lab, living from grant to grant, and never getting half the credit they deserve for being so smart. It's dull and it's dead-end.
In contrast, Our Swollen Future is morphing me into Rachel Carson and a prominent, international celebrity--practically overnight!
Ironically, my book will probably drive much scientific research for years to come. Federal agencies like the EPA are already planning expensive research programs on endocrine disrupters.
And as a further example of my influence, Congress has already enacted my book into law!
Mike Walrus: What?!
Dr. Theo Ree: Yep. The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 requires that the EPA test for pesticides that may be considered endocrine disrupters. That was one of my key recommendations.
Mike Walrus: Who would have expected such bounty from a Republican-controlled Congress? How did that happen?
Dr. Theo Ree: By the summer of 1995, thanks to weak leadership and poor strategy, the Republican Congress badly lost the public relations war in its effort to force U.S. environmental policy to be based on real science.
My enviro buddies were able to convince the media and public that basing environmental policy on science, and balancing the costs and benefits of regulations, amounted to a rollback in public health protection.
Total mularky... but totally effective.
I even heard my friends saying that the Nazis used cost-benefit analysis.
Anyway, ever since regulatory reform went down the toilet, Congress has been running scared on ALL environmental issues.
I can't wait for the next Congress in January. They're so scared of the politics of the environment that they'd probably vote to replace George Washington with me on the dollar bill.
Lesley Stalled: Can you tell us a little about your co-author, Diane Dumbasanoxski? Didn't she do most of the actual writing for your book?
Dr. Theo Ree: Yes. Diane's a great science writer. She was a newspaper reporter for the Boston Glib and a recipient of the prestigious Knight Fellowship in Science Distortion at Massachusetts Institution for the Technically Incompetent.
She used to write a column called How and Why (Did I Get This Job)? Her columns addressed burning scientific issues like what happens to birds during hurricanes, what happens to helium balloons let go in the sky, and why do mocking birds dive bomb pedestrians.
I must confess, however, that I almost decided to use someone else as the writer.
Lesley Stalled: Why?
Dr. Theo Ree: Well in 1993, Diane wrote a column on why declining birth rates were good for the planet. Not only did Diane write that fertility rates have declined because of contraceptive use, but she wrote that the birth rate is still twice what is needed for a stable world population and that the soaring world population is increasing stress on the planet.
All this is completely contradictory to Our Swollen Future. To make the Our Swollen Future team and to have a shot at the big time, Dumbasanoxski had to recant her heretical beliefs and accept that manmade chemicals in the environment are causing declining birth rates and that declining birth rates are bad.
Lesley Stalled: That sounds a little like the Inquisition. You know how Galileo and other scientists were excommunicated and exiled in the Middle Ages for having scientifically correct, but politically incorrect, beliefs.
Wasn't Galileo punished for saying that the earth is not the center of the universe?
Dr. Theo Ree: I think he got off light! The religion of environmentalism is based on the concept that nature is the center of the universe. Nature is good, people are bad, and science is a tool of the devil.
We long for the pollution-free days before the industrial revolution.
Lesley Stalled: Isn't that when life expectancy was only about 35 years of age?
Dr. Theo Ree: Exactly my point. Nature good, people bad.
Mike Walrus: Let's go back to the book. What about the third author, John Peterson Liars? What was his role?
Dr. Theo Ree: His role was critical, perhaps more so than mine. He rounded up the cash that allowed Diane and me to work on the book. You know, you can find a bad scientist and a good writer almost anywhere. But people that can raise money are few and far between.
Mike Walrus: Oh...well, while we're on the subject, where exactly did funding for Our Swollen Future come from?
Dr. Theo Ree: From a number of leftist advocacy groups, including the Pew Scholars Pogrom, the C. U. Rott Foundation, and the Pew Charlatan Trusts to name a few.
Mike Walrus: Can you tell me something about these groups?
Dr. Theo Ree: They tend to fund organizations and individuals who, like me, take positions on environmental and public health issues that basically have nothing to do with science.
Mike Walrus: I was wondering about that. You know in the book you state that Liars had a background in science but extensive experience in national and international environmental policy. Wouldn't it have been more helpful for him to have extensive experience in science and maybe a background in that other stuff?
Dr. Theo Ree: Mike... what did I say earlier about the need for science in this project?
Mike Walrus: Oh yeah.
Lesley Stalled: Dr. Theo Ree, I really liked how you described the "omens" at the outset of your story. It was just like a classic "whodunit" novel and you took the reader right to the scene of the crime. Great technique!
Dr. Theo Ree: Thanks. I sort of felt like Jessica Fletcher, Nancy Drew, and Clifford Irving all rolled into one.
Morley Suffer: Clifford Irving? Wasn't he the guy who faked the Howard Hughes biography in the 1970s? He was a total fraud!
Dr. Theo Ree: Right on!
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, in traditional whodunits, the reader has to wait until the end to find out who did it. You identify the criminals first and then find crimes to link them with. Isn't that so?
Dr. Theo Ree: I'm surprised at you, Edit. After being on 60 MINUTS all these years, you should know that "innocent until proven guilty" only applies to human criminals, not chemical criminals. Remember Alar?
Edit Broadley: Sorry. My mistake. Hey, how come no one will let me live that down?
Lesley Stalled: Dr. Theo Ree, do you really think the same things that happened in the "omens" are happening to people.
Dr. Theo Ree: Well, just between us girls Lesley, I really don't know one thing from another. But you see, all I have to do is allege that all these bad things are happening, and that they're happening because of manmade chemicals. It's as good as proven then.
Besides if I admitted that Our Swollen Future is as tall a tale as Jack and the Beanstalk, book sales would go right into the toilet.
Edit Broadley: Let me ask you a few more specific questions about the "omens" you described.
First, how credible is a banker's estimate that 80 percent of Florida's bald eagles were sterile in the mid-1950s? Do you also believe that bird watchers can predict interest rates?
Second, you describe an "omen" involving otter hunting and then inexplicably link the decline in the otter population to a pesticide. How do you know that the population decline wasn't simply a case of overhunting? Did it ever occur to you that otters that have been hunted down and killed don't reproduce very well?
Third, you tell the story of how a captive mink population near Lake Michigan crashed in the mid-1960s. You attribute this crash to the mink diet which included PCB-contaminated fish.
Not only did you not biologically link the PCB contamination with the population crash or consider other possible explanations, but later in the book, you say that it is in fact normal for animal populations, particularly those in captivity, to peak and then crash.
Fourth, you say that...
Morley Suffer: Uh,...Edit...why don't you take a break and let someone else ask a question.
Edit Broadley: Sorry,... just trying to make up for that Alar thing...
Steve Krock: Dr. Theo Ree, I was really touched by the tragedies you described. I think you're doing wonderful work.
Dr. Theo Ree: Thank you, young man. You remind me of my grandson.
You know, I had to search through more than two thousand scientific papers and five hundred government documents just to find those nine "omens."
And then Dumbasanoxski had to present only enough facts so that the stories would hold together.
Edit Broadley: But,...
Morley Suffer: Edit, I believe it's Lesley's turn to throw a softball,...I mean ask a question.
Lesley Stalled: Speaking of omitting facts, I just love what you did with the "omen" about declining sperm levels.
It's certainly true that Dr. Niels Skakkebaek published an article in the British Medical Journal about declining sperm counts. But you cleverly omitted mentioning other studies published in the same journal in 1992 and 1995 that dispute Skakkebaek.
Dr. Theo Ree: Thank you! I wrote on a "need to know" basis. And my readers only "need to know" what I want them to know.
Edit Broadley: You know a real scientist could easily refute your wacky claims...
Dr. Theo Ree: True... but they're so inept at communicating to the public that their facts and science don't really pose a significant threat to me.
And in the case of scientists employed by large companies or industry trade associations, it doesn't help that their employers won't let them go after me.
Big business is so afraid of environmental advocacy groups that they avoid all confrontation, regardless of what's at stake.
Like the British before World War II, industry thinks that appeasement is the best strategy.
It's a formula of disaster for them; a formula of success for me!
Edit Broadley: Could I ask just one last question about your "omens" before we move on?
After all your "research," which as you say included thousands of scientific articles, the best you could do to make your case was to present one-sided versions of nine separate and distinct incidents that occurred over the past forty-five years?
Dr. Theo Ree: Young man, I'm not trying to make a case. I'm trying to tell a story. Remember?
And anyway, this is how the math works. Three people have turned nine events into a 306-page book that sells for $24.95 and is sure to earn me millions.
Edit Broadley: Hmmm... there's something else that I don't quite understand. Our Swollen Future is largely based on your theory that manmade chemicals accumulate up the food chain. The accumulation then supposedly impairs the reproductive capability of species at the top of the food chain. Isn't that correct?
Dr. Theo Ree: Sounds like my theory.
Edit Broadley: But then you say that the herring gull, as well as other top-of-the-food-chain species in the Great Lakes environment, are having population explosions!
How can you have a population explosion and reproductive problems at the same time? Can you explain that? Haven't you contradicted yourself? Isn't your theory a house of cards? How can you...
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit, please! Read the very next sentence of that passage. What does it say? It says that a population explosion is yet another sign of a reproductive problem. You see, I've got all my bases covered.
Edit Broadley: But your statement is completely counterintuitive. You offer no supporting rationale for it at all. It's just a bald-faced...
Dr. Theo Ree: You've got me there. But like I said before, most of my readers simply can't critically evaluate this kind of material. So I can get away with murder and blame it on chemicals.
Lesley Stalled: Dr. Theo Ree, can you briefly describe how you came to study endocrine disrupters?
Dr. Theo Ree: At the Conservation of Truth Foundation, I was working on a project to review and report on the ecological state of the Great Lakes. As I reviewed the scientific literature, even I was having a hard time denying that tremendous improvements in the Great Lakes had been achieved since the 1960s.
But then after spending two months reviewing scientific literature and having a couple of conversations with other biologists, I developed a strong gut feeling that the proclamations of recovery were premature.
Lesley Stalled: You mean two months of reading was all it took to figure out the ecological state of Great Lakes? Wow... you must be really smart!
And to think that you spent seven years getting your Ph.D. That's quite a lesson for budding scientists. Would you then say that staying in school was a waste of time?
Dr. Theo Ree: Clearly in my case it was. After all, I could read before I went to graduate school and all that science stuff that they try to teach you just gets in the way of effective fearmongering.
Lesley Stalled: Please go on...
Dr. Theo Ree: As I was saying, I had convinced myself that the Great Lakes had not yet recovered. So next, I made the logical leap that human populations around the Great Lakes must be in danger as well.
I gathered all the public health information on populations around the Great Lakes that I could. Much to my dismay though, I found that the human populations surrounding the Great Lakes were not experiencing higher cancer rates.
Edit Broadley: You mean you were disappointed because you couldn't find a cancer problem?
Dr. Theo Ree: Of course! Researchers who don't find something frightening to report soon find themselves out of work.
Lucky for me, though, one day I had a meeting with two veteran researchers with the Canadian Wildlife Service. They had a theory that the pollution in the Great Lakes had affected the pre-natal development of female gulls to the point where it caused female gulls to nest together in sort of a lesbian relationship.
I knew I had something with the gay birds.
Edit Broadley: Excuse me,... near the end of Our Swollen Future you state that human sexual orientation is a complex phenomenon, just like most human behavior. You doubted that any single factor, nature, endocrine disruption, or nurture would prove to be its sole determinant.
So what you're saying is that, in humans, sexual orientation is complex, but in birds it is simply a matter of exposure to manmade chemicals. Sounds a little too politically correct, doesn't it?
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit... you just don't get it, do you? Anyway, the gay gulls got me thinking about hormones which led me to believe that pollution affected the endocrine system.
Since I didn't know anything about endocrinology, I bought a couple of textbooks and taught myself.
While learning just enough about endocrinology to be dangerous, I was able to come to the conclusion that the gay gulls' hormones must have been disrupted by something at some time.
And since I had already decided that manmade chemicals were bad, I thought they'd make the best villain.
Edit Broadley: Amazing. You say that YOU taught YOURself endocrinology. And based on what YOU taught YOURself and a couple of politically correct decision rules, you decided that manmade chemicals are disrupting our hormone functions.
Do you think if you had pursued your original angle--cancer--for another couple of months and maybe read a couple of biochemistry textbooks, that you could have cured cancer also?
Mike Walrus: Heh-heh...he's just kidding, Dr. Theo Ree. Don't pay any attention to him. Tell us how the study of the children whose mothers had regularly eaten Great Lakes fish supported your theory. That'll shut him up.
Dr. Theo Ree: Oh yeah, I almost forgot. In the course of scouring several thousand scientific articles, I came across ONE study that associated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with developmental problems in the children of mothers who had relatively high levels of PCBs in their bodies from eating Great Lakes fish.
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, I have some questions about that study.
First, that study was conducted by two PSYCHOLOGISTS. While psychologists may be qualified to evaluate children from a psychological standpoint, don't you really need qualified epidemiologists and toxicologists to make judgments about cause-and-effect relationships between PCBs and human health?
Second, the subjects of that study were asked to recall how many fish meals and what kinds of fish they consumed during the six years preceding their pregnancies. Six years!!
These recollections formed the most important data in the study, yet they are likely to have been very inaccurate. I can't remember what I had to eat last week, let alone last year or six years ago.
Additionally, a meal of lake trout was assumed to contain five times the dose of toxic chemicals as did a meal of brook trout.
Dr. Ree, can you accurately recall how many meals of fish you've had during the past six years, and how many of them were lake trout as opposed to brook trout?
Dr. Theo Ree: I've got lots of fish stories to tell... You know, I told Dumbasanoxski that we shouldn't have put a reference section in the book. All I need is people checking my research and criticizing my spin on the science!
Mike Walrus: Our Swollen Future also relies heavily on the work of biologist Frederick vom Silly. You claim that vom Silly showed in a series of experiments that small shifts in hormones before birth can matter a great deal. How did he show that?
Dr. Theo Ree: When vom Silly was a young postdoctoral student, one of his jobs was breeding mice. In constantly working with and observing the mice, vom Silly noticed that some females were more aggressive than others.
Mike Walrus: Sounds pretty normal so far. Aren't some people just naturally more aggressive than others? Why wouldn't the same be true for mice?
Dr. Theo Ree: Well, vom Silly figured that since the mice had been inbred for generations and were virtual clones that they should all act the same.
Mike Walrus: How could he expect that? Even identical human twins don't necessarily act the same.
Edit Broadley: Sounds like this guy spent too much time with mice and not enough time with people.
Dr. Theo Ree: Vom Silly kept his mice six to a cage. He reported that in each cage of six mice, one female mouse was typically more aggressive than the others. Vom Silly was bent on coming up with an explanation for this "phenomenon."
Vom Silly observed that some female mouse pups are sandwiched in the womb between two male pups. Conveniently, he decided that one in every six female pups was so sandwiched. And voila! He had his theory.
Female pups sandwiched between male mouse pup are more aggressive.
Edit Broadley: Interesting theory, but did he have a biological reason for this?
Dr. Theo Ree: Of course. Vom Silly theorized that sandwiched female pups get bathed in the testosterone secreted from the testes of the male pups. The bath of testosterone makes the females more aggressive.
Edit Broadley: Uh, excuse me... I hate to rain on your parade but if I'm a male mouse pup in the womb and my testes are secreting testosterone, that testosterone stays in my body. It doesn't flow out of me, into the womb, and then into my sister.
If what vom Silly concluded was true, wouldn't the womb be just one big soup of hormones which, over time, would masculinize female pups and feminize male pups? To the point where mice would essentially be genderless and incapable of reproducing?
Didn't vom Silly spend time BREEDING mice? Didn't he notice that the BREEDING mice had no problems reproducing themselves!
How could you have relied on this research?
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit, I'd say you were more of a rat than a mouse.
Mike Walrus: Let's move along. In your book, Dr. Theo Ree, you cite two episodes in medical history, involving thalidomide and diethystilbesterol (DES), that you say leave no doubt that humans are vulnerable to hormone-disrupting synthetic chemicals.
Thalidomide and DES were used as medical treatments. They were drugs. Doesn't it seem logical that the taking of drugs is fundamentally different from being exposed to chemicals in the environment?
With a drug, a person is generally taking a very high dose in a chemical form that is designed to be readily absorbed and metabolized by the body. That is totally different from environmental exposures to chemicals at much lower doses in perhaps less biologically available forms.
Dr. Theo Ree: You're absolutely right, Mike. But thalidomide and DES are classic horror stories that are too useful to pass up. Images of thalidomide babies still send chills up people's spines.
The fact that thalidomide and DES were used as medical treatments is not the point.
The fact that thalidomide and DES were used at much higher doses in more readily absorbed forms as compared to exposures to chemicals in the environment is not the point.
Are you with me so far?
The fact that thalidomide and DES are manmade chemicals is the point.
The fact that these two manmade chemicals have caused tragedies is another point.
The fact that most readers of Our Swollen Future will completely miss the points you raised is even a further point.
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, I've got to ask you about how you toy with words and facts in the book. The take-home message about DES is that DES made it clear that the human body could mistake a manmade chemical for a hormone.
Isn't this statement--to be polite--somewhat misleading?
DES is not just some manmade chemical. It's a manmade estrogen. It was designed to act like a hormone, and it did. The human body made no mistake.
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit, I'd like to take credit for all the wordsmithing in the book. But I've got to admit that was Dumbasanoxski's literary handiwork.
The fact is that we exploited the thalidomide and DES tragedies to promote an irrelevant theory, and it is working beautifully.
Morley Suffer: My favorite part of the book is about the plants and the natural estrogens that they make. First of all, I simply love how you made the plants animate.
The image of plants conspiring to make estrogens to act as oral contraceptives on predators so that the plants can defend themselves was truly imaginative.
Dr. Theo Ree: Why do think there's a contraceptive device called Norplant?
Morley Suffer: I was especially fascinated that, as part of this defensive strategy, plants "logically," as you put it, "target females rather than males because plants know that a predator's reproductive capability is limited by the number of fertile females." I never knew plants could think.
Dr. Theo Ree: That's Dumbasanoxski. What does she know? She's a hack reporter.
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, part of your theory is that our fertility is being threatened because, as you claim, sperm counts are declining. But then you say that plants target females because they're the limiting fertility factor. Pardon me, but you seem to be talking out of both sides of your mouth.
Dr. Theo Ree: That's right Edit. A good advocate is firm on purpose but flexible in argument.
Lesley Stalled: I understand that there is some published scientific research that estimates that the level of plant estrogens in our diet is forty million times greater than the level of synthetic estrogens.
If this is true, and if it is true, as you claim, that plant and synthetic estrogens impact health, it would appear that the chances of synthetic estrogens having an impact would be vanishingly small, like roughly one in forty million.
Dr. Theo Ree: Yes, but natural plant estrogens are passed through our bodies in about one day while the synthetic estrogens can get lodged in our fat for long periods of time. So the threat from synthetic estrogens is constant and long term.
Lesley Stalled: But Dr. Theo Ree, even I can see that your logic doesn't hold up. Most of us eat every day. And if we consume natural plant estrogens every day, there's always a constant and ready supply of them in our bodies. Whereas the synthetic estrogens are tied up in fat.
Edit Broadley: Dr. Theo Ree, if you are correct, clearly there's a need to deal with this natural estrogen threat. Let me ask you this. What steps should we as a species take to defend ourselves against the plants?
Should the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate plants as it would any pharmaceutical company that makes oral contraceptives?
And if so, what mechanism do you think plants would develop to defend themselves against the FDA?
Will plants try to sterilize FDA employees? Do you think plants could manufacture their own lawyers?
Dr. Theo Ree: Very funny Edit.
Mike Walrus: You also listed a number of common foods that contain natural estrogens, including parsley, sage, garlic, wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, soybeans, potatoes, apples, cherries, plums, pomegranates, coffee, and bourbon.
Humans have been consuming these products for years with no detect-able adverse effects on health, fertility, intelligence, or survival.
Dr. Theo Ree: I disagree. Look at intelligence alone, Mike. Where do you think the terms "pea brain" and "potato head" came from?
Mike Walrus: I see your point. Hey! Has anybody seen my french fries?
Dr. Theo Ree: Also, these effects are happening gradually. Men are gradually being feminized and women are gradually becoming more masculine. One day you'll walk into your supermarket and you'll be able to see the changes.
Mike Walrus: Like what?
Dr. Theo Ree: Look for a number of new products to start appearing on your grocer's shelves, including Aunt Ben's Converted Rice, Uncle Jemima's Pancake and Waffle Mix, Benny Crocker Cake Mixes, and Columbian coffee with Juanita Valdez on the label.
Lesley Stalled: Dr. Theo Ree, is this all bad? Isn't it good that we are moving toward a genderless society?
Dr. Theo Ree: Yes, but we should accomplish it through brainwashing our young, not chemicals.
Steve Krock: I was fascinated by your story of the PCB molecule. Manufactured in the spring of 1947 in Anniston, Alabama and doomed to spend its life in an electrical transformer located somewhere in west Texas, this persistent molecule escaped from the transformer only to wind up in the rump of a polar bear in the North Pole after decades on the lam.
But, while it's a fascinating odyssey of one molecule's world travels, I'm not sure I understand your point.
First, you never identified any health or reproductive problems among polar bears, much less link any health or reproductive problems to PCBs. You insinuate that the reason the size of one year's litter of polar bear cubs was smaller than the previous year's is the PCBs.
But your insinuation is contradicted by polar bear researchers who say that the reason for the smaller litter is that the polar bear population is reaching its limit because of the available food supply.
Dr. Theo Ree: How can you believe polar bear researchers? They're insane! Imagine believing nuts who spend their time freezing at the North Pole waiting to chase down ferocious animals that could kill them with one swipe of the paw.
Edit Broadley: You also mention a village of 450 people on Broughton Island, west of Greenland. You say that "Canadian health studies have shown that the people on Broughton Island have the highest levels of PCBs found in any human population except those contaminated in industrial accidents."
Yet, you also state that provincial health officials have not found any health problems with the villagers. In fact, the health officials have recommended that the villagers continue eating the same diet that gave them the high levels of PCBs in the first place.
I guess my question is, why should anyone be worried about persistent manmade chemicals like PCBs when here's a population who, if your theories were even remotely true, should be infertile, imbecilic, and on the brink of extinction?
Dr. Theo Ree: You should be worried because, as I have already said, PCBs and the like are chemicals and chemicals are bad.
Steve Krock: You say that there is no place that is safe from PCBs. While it may be true that PCB contamination is ubiquitous, you don't support with facts your claim that there is a health problem.
Dr. Theo Ree: Steve, you're forgetting my formula:
Manmade chemicals + Innuendo about health effects = $uccess for me.
It's no wonder you're stuck on 60 MINUTS.
Lesley Stalled: Dr. Theo Ree, before reading your book, I didn't know that humans are "inefficient breeders who tend to produce barely the number of sperm required for successful fertilization."
I was always under the impression that human male ejaculate contained hundreds of millions of sperm. And based on what I remember from junior high school biology, it only takes one sperm to fertilize an egg.
How is it that hundreds of millions of sperm are barely enough for successful fertilization?
And how do you support this in the real world where, as even you put it, the human population is well on its way from five billion to ten billion?
Dr. Theo Ree: It's as plain as the nose on your face, Lesley. Look, male ejaculate contains hundreds of millions of sperm. But the world only has five billion people in it.
With all that sperm being produced by all those men, we should have a lot more people in the world. Don't you think?
Lesley Stalled: Oh yeah. Gee you're smart.
I was also intrigued by the story about the two scientists who discovered that a chemical, p-nonylphenol, leached from a plastic flask they were using and caused breast cancer cells to replicate. That sure convinced me that manmade chemicals could cause breast cancer!
Edit Broadley: Yeah, but the biological workings of real live humans are far more complex than those of several already abnormal cells in the controlled environment of a test tube. If nothing else, the chemicals that you claim leached from plastic are several thousand times less potent than natural estrogen.
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit, skeptics say that the hormone effects of synthetic chemicals are far weaker than those of natural hormones and that humans are not being exposed to enough to pose a hazard.
This assertion is not supported by the evidence. If you survey the available information and scientific literature, you would see that too much information is missing to provide even a rough picture of how much humans might be taking in or to allow for definitive conclusions.
Edit Broadley: Obviously, these "missing pieces" haven't stopped you.
Dr. Theo Ree: Of course not. First, none of what I said applies to me. I can jump to all the conclusions that I want. Remember Edit, all I have to do is make an allegation. I don't have to defend it.
Second, you're ignoring the precautionary principle developed by that great scientist, Dr. Par A. Noid. If we don't know absolutely for sure that something is totally safe under every conceivable condition, then it should be banned.
The unrealistic worst-case scenario is the only case to consider when there is the least doubt.
Edit Broadley: But isn't that a prescription for no change whatsoever, no experimentation, and no innovation?
Aren't you saying we should give up any hope of progress and live with whatever risks and dangers now exist?
If the precautionary principle had been adopted a thousand years ago, wouldn't we all still be living in grass huts, and dying of infections and diseases that can now be treated or cured?
Dr. Theo Ree: Now you're starting to get it, Edit! Remember, nature good, people bad.
Mike Walrus: The book chronicles several anecdotes that you claim show how manmade chemicals have harmed wildlife. They include: declines in populations of St. Lawrence River beluga whales, Florida panthers and turtles, English otters and Lake Michigan minks; small alligator penises in Florida; poor bald eagle reproduction, and several others.
Biologists estimate that there are thirteen to fourteen million species of wildlife. Even if these problems are as you've described--and even I have some doubts--you've still identified a problem affecting only a tiny part of the natural world.
And to document even this small number of cases, you've had to plunder the record of almost fifty years of wildlife observation.
You even acknowledge that animal populations often explode and then crash in the normal course of their existence. Frankly, I'm not sure that you've established a very convincing case.
Dr. Theo Ree: Well,... I may not have much of a case, but it's not like I'm not trying to convince a jury or a scientific peer review committee.
I'm trying to sell books and become famous. I want to be the next Rachel Carson. At best, all I need to do is win in the court of public opinion. And, frankly, that's not a very high hurdle to clear.
Mike Walrus: Dr. Theo Ree, I'm curious about something. You say that you want Our Swollen Future to be the next Silent Spring. You extol the virtues of Rachel Carson for alarming the world about the alleged cancer epidemic she linked to manmade chemicals.
But then you go on to say that, as a society, we've been wasting our time for the last thirty years looking at cancer--the very calamity that Rachel Carson alarmed us about.
Why do you hold Rachel Carson in such high esteem when you clearly repudiate the alarms she set off?
Dr. Theo Ree: You've got me all wrong Mike. I admire Rachel because she made a killing off Silent Spring, not because she was right or wrong about what she wrote. I want to emulate, and even surpass, her in fame and fortune.
Steve Krock: Let's talk about some of the human health issues you raise in Our Swollen Future. In general, I would say that you've found a way to blame almost every human health problem on manmade chemicals.
You say sperm counts are falling. But in fact many studies contradict this assertion, studies you've chosen to ignore.
Even if one were to accept the notion that sperm counts have fallen in recent years, there could be myriad reasons for this, including more frequent ejaculation, more drug use, more sexually transmitted diseases or more of any activity that raises scrotal temperature like, tight underwear, hot tub and sauna use, or exercise.
Dr. Theo Ree: Well, you may be right. But, while we're on the subject of underwear, let me ask you a question.
Briefs or boxers? You're awful cute!
Steve Krock: Dr. Theo Ree...
Dr. Theo Ree: O.k., we'll talk about it later. Back to the point you were trying to make.
Let's say I walk into a crowded theater and scream "Fire!" Who will the people in the theater hear? Me or the guy who's being trampled as he calmly explains there is no fire?
Steve Krock: Point well taken.
You say that prostate and breast cancer rates are rising, but the National Cancer Institute (NCI) attributes the reported increase in these cancer rates to better screening techniques, improved diagnosis, and the well-recognized fact that people are living longer while cancer is largely a disease of aging.
Dr. Theo Ree: I predict that they'll soon be changing their tune. Just wait until they realize the potential budgetary increases to be garnered by hopping on the endocrine disrupter bandwagon. NCI's biggest worry is going to be the looming threat of having funds reallocated to a new National Endocrine Disrupter Institute.
Mike Walrus: You try to link a reported increase in undescended testicles in England and Wales between 1962 and 1981 with manmade chemicals. But the researchers could never make this link.
Another study of hospital records maintained from the mid-1950s to 1992 reported no increase in the prevalence of this disorder in the U.S.
You've also linked endometriosis, lower IQ and SAT scores, learning problems, attention deficit disorder, and behavioral problems, to name a few, to manmade chemicals.
What you seem to be doing is implicating manmade chemicals as the cause of virtually all of our problems--but without anything even close to convincing evidence!
Dr. Theo Ree: Do you think that maybe the reason I can get away with this is because maybe some of what I'm saying is really true, at least with respect to intelligence?
Mike Walrus: Let's talk about what you think we as individuals should be doing about the hormonal threat posed by manmade chemicals.
Dr. Theo Ree: First and foremost, everyone should buy my book. Don't borrow someone else's copy. Buy your own and burn the receipt. No returns. No refunds. No exchanges.
Next, invest in businesses that test drinking water. Our Swollen Future recommends that everyone have their water tested. And in the meantime, don't drink water that hasn't been tested.
Avoid animal fat found in meats and dairy products. This is especially recommended for women from birth through the end of their childbearing years...
Mike Walrus: What do you recommend that these women eat instead?
Dr. Theo Ree: Vegetables, grains, fruits,...
Edit Broadley: Plants!!??! You're recommending plants? Didn't you just say that the plants were out to sterilize us? And they were targeting women?
Morley Suffer: Edit, no matter what you do, you can't make up for Alar.
Dr. Theo Ree: And women should think twice about breastfeeding.
Edit Broadley: Now hold on for a minute. Doesn't Our Swollen Future mention a woman who was so frightened by just your kind of pseudo-science that she stopped breastfeeding her child and substituted a mixture of water and Coffeemate?
Is that what you want people to do?
Dr. Theo Ree: Edit, please listen to me. I just told you not to drink the W-A-T-E-R.
Edit Broadley: So babies should just get nondairy creamer, right?.
Dr. Theo Ree: Right. Also, wash your hands frequently. Manmade chemicals are everywhere.
Edit Broadley: I see you've already washed your hands of the truth!
And now, a few words from Andy Looney...
Andy Looney: Did you ever wonder why Barbie and Ken, who have been a hot item since the 1960s, have never had any children?
Could it be because they were made out of plastic? All those nasty manmade chemicals you know.
Did you ever wonder if maybe it wasn't the ice age that killed off the dinosaurs after all?
Maybe the plants sterilized the herbivore dinosaurs with their natural estrogens. And then maybe the carnivores were sterilized when they ate the herbivores.
Nothing ever sterilized the plants, so we'd better watch out. To be safe, you ought to have your lawn paved over before they get you too.
Did you ever wonder, if manmade chemicals really are damaging our fertility, then why is the world's population booming?
As far as I can tell, we've got way too many people here in New York. Of course, we don't have any plants to sterilize us New Yorkers. We've got wall-to-wall concrete.
Did you ever wonder, if manmade chemicals are so bad for our health, why has our average life expectancy increased from forty-seven years of age at the start of this century to almost eighty years of age as we approach the next century?
Call me a skeptic, but I'm counting on manmade chemicals to keep me alive long enough to see if the federal government will ever balance the budget.
Don't get me wrong. I'm glad that there are people in the world who are concerned about our health and the environment. Those that remind us that we ought to do our best to keep our air, water, and communities clean play an important role in a society that survives on its checks and balances.
On the other hand, I'm not so glad that we will always be plagued with those who insist that the world is coming to an end unless we follow their extreme regimen for survival.
And its funny how these Chicken Littles are the only ones who end up benefitting from the fear they foment.
Mike Walrus: Tune in next week for another edition of 60 MINUTS.
Copyright © 1996 Steven J. Milloy. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:103fc53d-242c-4305-bb7e-893c9d8f839b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.nationalcenter.org/swollen.htm | 2016-10-23T09:39:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00146-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963955 | 9,988 |
Becoming an entrepreneur gives you freedom. Before thinking of becoming an entrepreneur, you may have read entrepreneur success stories and you’re content with their work and you delude yourself into thinking that you will experience the same level of success as soon as you get started.
We pay attention to the final product of a successful entrepreneur without remembering that, “Nothing good come easy.”
What we don’t see, are the challenges they have overcome in order to be where there are.
Read the following 5 realities and prepare your mind, as you think of becoming and entrepreneur:
1. Becoming an entrepreneur, Failure is evident
It is an inevitable, and essential part of entrepreneurship which is not an easily acceptable fact. However, the ability to recover from a failure is what makes the difference. As an entrepreneur when faced with failures, you dust up your shoes and start the next journey while using your previous mistakes as a stepping stone.
2. Becoming an entrepreneur: Nothing goes according to the plan
Your plans may be well spelled out for the first few months/ year, but no matter how much research you have done, you will not be able to predict everything. Even things you can predict will not happen exactly how you envisioned. You have to learn to adapt quickly and sometimes you will adapt in ways that are not comfortable to you.
3. Becoming an entrepreneur: You will have to do everything yourself
Assuming the responsibility of Manager, Administrator, Developer, Marketing, Human Resource, Technician, Public Relations, at the same time will wear you down as well as discourage you along the process.
4. Becoming an entrepreneur: Emotions will set in
You will feel depressed and discouraged about the progress of your venture. But know that, when your emotions get over you, misery will set in and you will make many unreasonable decisions. Avoid making any decisions out of emotions, whether you are happy, depressed or angry.
5. Business | Personal Life | Health | Family
I witness this daily. Business needs more working hours than regular 9-to-5 (or 8-5), which makes it more difficult & challenging. Family needs your attention and may not understand whatever you explain to them. As an aspiring entrepreneur, you need to set your priorities straight to enable you know where to devote more of our time.
Never-the-less, no matter how good your idea is, it could become a source of regret if engaged in without proper preparation and a clear sense of vision. Read our article on Start-Up Your Business on the Right Foot
Note that people do not care about the struggles, you go through in becoming an entrepreneur. That is, the betrayals, the rumors, the criticism, the empty bank accounts as well as the lonely nights that you go through trying to make your vision a reality.
Keep up and bear the following in mind
- Show up daily.
- Work hard daily.
- Educate and improve yourself daily.
Do all this, even though, you feel like all is not moving and quitting sets to be the best bail out plan.
You can also consider reading on the steps to becoming an entrepreneur on entrepreneur.com | <urn:uuid:64d80465-2c4e-49a1-a738-978fd8254aad> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://gwolfltd.com/becoming-an-entrepreneur/ | 2021-10-25T01:03:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587608.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024235512-20211025025512-00630.warc.gz | en | 0.945781 | 653 |
"jimtravis.com", the personal site of Jim Travis from South Boston, Massachusetts (USA), came on-line March 30, 1998. I started this site to prototype the Intranet pages that I was developing. The department I was developing the pages for was the first to develop intranet pages within the company, and the employer's web servers were not set-up. Since I needed a web server to prototype the pages, I purchased this domain to use as a test site. After the prototype pages were completed and the employer's web servers went on-line, I decided to continue this site as a personal site. Please sign my guestbook.
Since this site contains information about my interests in computers, and technology in general, you may be surprised that my webpages do not have all the latest bells, and whistles. An important goal is for my webpages to be readable on mobile devices such as Palm OS, Windows Mobile, and other devices with internet access. Implementing the latest bells, and whistles, could result in my pages being too complex to render properly on mobile devices. I test my pages on an Apple Newton MessagePad 2100 as well. I have started testing my pages with mobile Safari (iPod touch). With mobile Safari, single column pages tend to require horizontal scrolling for each line when zoomed to a readable text level. Even in landscape mode, some single column pages display with at best an eight, or nine point font which is unacceptable for me. This too-small-font problem can be corrected by adding a META viewport tag with a width of 320 to the HEAD section of the webpage. I have added the META viewport tag to all jimtravis.com, and ConsultPDA.com pages except http://www.jimtravis.com/noview.htm. If you go to noview.htm with an iPhone, or iPod touch, you will see the difference in font size.
- Sail Boston 2000 (Tall Ships)
- Thumbnail pictures of the larger tall ships and the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy taken during Sail Boston 2000 on July 11, 2000. The thumbnails are linked to a full sized picture. The thumbnails are small; however, the full pictures average 150KB.
- My Resume
- This resume focuses on my project management and computer skills.
- Loftus Genealogy
- My mother's maiden name was Mary J. Loftus. One of my mom's cousins, John Vincent Loftus, has collected an impressive amount of information on the Loftus family. I am proud to include John's information on this site. Thanks John.
- Palm OS PDA's
- I now use Windows Mobile devices exclusively. I am keeping my old Palm OS postings because they may be of interest to current Palm OS device users. My former favorite Palm OS PDA's were the Sony Clie TH55, Sony Clie UX50, Palm Tungsten T3, Palm Tungsten C, and Palm T|X. My least favorite Palm OS device was the Palm Tungsten T5. This link includes what I liked and didn't like about the Palm OS PDA's, hardware/accessories I have purchased, third party software I have used, and my favorite Palm OS links.
- Windows Mobile and other gadgets
- As you read in the prior paragraph, I no longer use Palm OS devices daily. For the last 6 years or so, Windows Mobile PDA's, and Smartphones have been my gadgets of choice. My thoughts about my WM devices, and other favorite gadgets are available in a blog format by following this link.
- My Weight Loss
- On February 1, 1999, I started a major eating behavior modification and lost 70 pounds. Unfortunately, I regained all the weight I lost along with a 55 pound bonus by November 29, 2009. I am definitely embarrassed for weighing 125 pounds more on November 29, 2009 than I did in August 1999. I have wanted to loose a significant amount of weight again, but prior to November 29, 2009, I have not been successful. Follow this link for more info on how successful or unsuccessful I have been in loosing 150+ pounds since November 29, 2009 (hint - I have done very well overall. Unfortunately, I have gained about half of my weight back; however, I am now focusing on loosing the newly regained weight.).
- Montréal Vacations
- For thirteen summers (1994 - 2006) and for Christmas, 1999, I vacationed in Montréal, Québec, Canada. The reasons why I vacation so frequently in Montréal are included in this page. I did resume my frequent visits to Montréal in 2012 now that I have lost substantial weight, and can again enjoy walking around one of my favorite vacation destinations.
- Paint Shop Pro Examples
- I use Paint Shop Pro to create the graphics for this website and to adjust photographs, both digital and scanned-in prints. This page contains: how to lighten a picture taken at dusk, sample blending of two pictures into one, Washington D.C. picture tubes, and a Tall Ships (Boston) picture tube.
Windows Mobile / Gadgets
Daily Musings (new)
Jim Travis | Create Your Badge | <urn:uuid:4a26de33-5e24-4d79-b1b8-875d030706e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://jimtravis.com/ | 2017-12-16T18:23:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948588420.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20171216181940-20171216203940-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.934698 | 1,086 |
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Steve Smith scored his 23rd Test century to bat out a draw for Australia in the fourth Ashes Test and deny England their first win of the series in Melbourne on Saturday.
The Australia skipper stonewalled the English bowling attack to remain unconquered on 102 for his third century of the series when the Test was called a draw late on the final day. Smith joined the legendary Don Bradman as the only batsmen to score centuries in four consecutive Melbourne Tests.
He also joined Ricky Ponting as the only batsmen in Test history to have made six centuries in a calendar year on multiple occasions.
Australia only lost two wickets on the fifth day but coasted through after lunch to finish on 263 for four with Mitchell Marsh not out on 29.
The hosts have already clinched the Ashes with an unassailable 3-0 lead in the series ahead of the fifth and final Test in Sydney next week.
It was just the second drawn Boxing Day Test in 20 years, although there was criticism of the lifeless state of the Melbourne Cricket Ground drop-in pitch.
Smith and Marsh comfortably batted through after lunch to ensure England were unable to go for the win after leading by 164 runs on the first innings, following a record-breaking unbeaten 244 from opener Alastair Cook.
The Australia captain led the salvage operation in a 275-ball vigil to take his series tally to 604 runs at an average of 151.00 after losing batting partners David Warner and Shaun Marsh before lunch on the final day.
After two painstaking hours of minimal scoring, the tourists grabbed the wickets of Warner and Marsh to briefly raise hopes of grabbing their first win in an already-decided series.
Warner had looked set for his 22nd Test hundred and second century of the match before he attempted to slog the second ball of Joe Root's first over.
The ball, pitched into the foot marks, skewed into the air and James Vince took a comfortable catch in the covers to give Root the perfect present on his 27th birthday.
Warner dropped his head realising he had botched a golden chance to claim Test twin centuries for a fourth time in his career.
The normally adventurous opener played with great circumspection to keep England at bay, batting for 301 minutes and 227 balls in his slowest Test innings.
His dismissal also ended a 107-run stand with Smith, which helped Australia wipe out the innings deficit.
There was some rare excitement in the final over before lunch when Marsh edged Stuart Broad to wicketkeeper Jonny Bairstow, who took a splendid catch.
Cook was named man-of-the-match after carrying his bat in England's first innings.
It was the highest score by a batsman carrying his bat in Test history, bettering New Zealander Glenn Turner's 223 not out against the West Indies in Kingston in 1972.
The last Englishman to carry his bat through a Test innings was Mike Atherton with 94 against New Zealand in 1997.
Cook also surpassed the highest score by a visiting batsman in a Test match at the famous MCG, bettering the 208 by West Indian great Viv Richards in 1984.
There was a total attendance of 262,616 fans over the five days. | <urn:uuid:0c4767de-c42a-46f2-8db5-e3e64a678027> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://www.daily-sun.com/post/278660/Smith-century-secures-Ashes-Test-draw-with-England- | 2018-04-19T13:59:32Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125936969.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20180419130550-20180419150550-00593.warc.gz | en | 0.976536 | 659 |
Norwegian petroleum taxation and its effect on conditional variance in the Norwegian krone : evidence from the Norwegian krone - U.S. dollar market
MetadataShow full item record
- Master Thesis
The principles of Norwegian petroleum taxation create a loop of excessive currency exchange operations. Petroleum firms operating on the Norwegian shelf is obligated to pay tax in Norwegian krone. The government petroleum tax revenue is partly used to cover the non-oil national budget and partly invested in the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global. Through monthly announcements, Norges Bank discloses how much foreign currency they plan to buy. This paper aims to analyse to what extent, if any, the volatility increases on those particular days. Several models are specified to explain the daily percentage change and the conditional variance in the Norwegian krone – U.S. dollar market over the period 29th of March, 2001 to 6th of May, 2013. Our findings indicate that the conditional variance was affected positively on announcement days prior to 1st of August, 2008. The econometric approach involves ordinary least squares, weighted least squares and several models from the general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity family. | <urn:uuid:d2bdad3a-aacb-4e92-9b75-41441fd02e39> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://openaccess.nhh.no/nhh-xmlui/handle/11250/223306 | 2021-04-13T16:27:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038073437.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413152520-20210413182520-00046.warc.gz | en | 0.920107 | 236 |
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Plan, book and shop for your wedding with inspiration as your guide. Plus, save photos to your favorites! | <urn:uuid:3d521243-e34b-4481-b281-62823b69cf58> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.onewed.com/reviews/wedding-videographers/indiana/in/highland?page=1 | 2015-04-18T17:41:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246635639.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045715-00105-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921096 | 143 |
A wide variety of industrial processes involve the transfer of heat energy. These processes provide a source for energy recovery and process fluid heating & cooling.
The enhancement of heating or cooling in an industrial process can create a saving in energy, reduce process time, raise thermal rating and lengthen the working life of equipment. Some processes are even affected qualitatively by the action of enhanced heat transfer.
Many industries that use water or water & glycol mixes for process heating or cooling will benefit from the superior heat transfer properties of Hydromx®
Ice Melting: Loading Ramps & Walkways
Thermal Energy Storage
Dye and dye intermediate producers
Gas Pre Heating
Paint, varnish & Lacquer
Paper and paper products
Plastics & synthetic resin
Hydromx® Features & Benefits
|Features & Benefits||Hydromx®| | <urn:uuid:c8ee538d-3827-49bc-9d77-7dfb8cf92ee8> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | http://www.energyeffective.co.uk/hydromx-applications/industrial-process/ | 2019-05-25T16:53:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232258147.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525164959-20190525190959-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.826541 | 175 |
If you follow me on Twitter you’ll note I went 12-0 picking games in Week 1. However, the margins of some of those games I picked were way off. What stood out to me after the first slate of games:
- The quarterback play in the conference is mediocre at best.
- Purdue is every bit as bad as I thought they would be.
- The conference overall doesn’t look much improved from last year.
It’s easy to come to knee jerk conclusions after the first week, because we have all been waiting to see how everyone looks for nearly eight months. Overreacting to every snap, play, missed tackle, touchdown, and coaching decision is magnified in the first week of the season and I can’t blame anyone for that.
In that light, I offer you my Week 2 Power Rankings, which is almost guaranteed to look way different now then when we compare in the last week of November.
1. Ohio State: Sloppy game for the Buckeyes. I understand it’s tough to get motivated to play the Buffalo Bulls, but that was not a pretty showing at the Shoe. Braxton Miller also got a little banged up, which is frightening if you’re a Buckeye fan. He was their offense last year. The Buckeyes get San Diego State at home next week before traveling to Berkeley to take on Cal. Ohio State needs to clean it up quite a bit because both the Aztecs and Bears are capable of knocking them off.
2. Michigan: The Wolverines absolutely steamrolled the Chippewas from Central Michigan. They clearly outclassed the Chips. This was what they call a glorified scrimmage in front of 112,618 at the Big House. There’s nothing new about the Wolverines after this one.
3. Wisconsin: UMass is awful, there is no other way of putting it. Wisconsin did exactly what they should have and that was dominate an inferior opponent from start to finish. Dave Aranda’s defense looked way better than I thought it would, even if it was against lowly UMass. Aranda’s 3-4 defense manufactures a lot of pressure through blitzing and he has the linebackers to do it. The defensive interior is stout anchored by Beau Allen. The secondary forced the Minutemen quarterbacks to complete less than 50 percent of their passes. On the other end, the Badgers may have their best set of running backs ever with James White, Melvin Gordon, and true freshmen Corey Clement. If the Badgers can get improved quarterback play they may challenge Ohio State in the Leaders Division.
4. Northwestern: The Cats went into Strawberry Canyon and took a couple of punches from the Cal Bears, only to fight right back and deliver the knockout punch in the fourth quarter. Collin Ellis returned two interceptions for touchdowns and the Wildcats withstood a third quarter rally in which Cal took a 24-20 lead after Bears true freshman quarterback Jared Goff hit Chris Harper on a seven yard pass for a touchdown. Goff threw for 445 yards, but the Cats picked him off three times and two of those were returned for touchdowns, which proved to be the difference. Trevor Siemian looked good in relief of the injured Kain Colter, throwing for 276 yards and a touchdown.
5. Nebraska: What’s going on with the Cornhuskers defense? As I joked on Twitter the other night, maybe the blackshirts should be replaced with blackskirts. Giving up 602 yards to the Wyoming Cowboys is inexcusable. The offense looked fine, but if the Huskers want to challenge Michigan and Northwestern in the Legends, their defense needs to get a lot better, to say the least.
6. Michigan State: Maybe Mark Dantonio can defer, meaning choose to play defense the entire game? He may end up scoring more points that way. What’s scary is the Spartans’ defense may be even better than I thought. What’s equally frightening is the Spartans’ offense may be even worse than I thought. On the bright side for the offense is running back Jeremy Langford who showed a pulse rushing 20 times for 94 and a touchdown.
7. Penn State: Coach Bill O’Brien kept the training wheels on true freshman quarterback Christian Hackenberg. Keeping most of his passes short and sweet. At the end of the day Hackenberg did complete 22 of 31 for 278 yards and 2 touchdowns to go along with 2 interceptions. I have no doubt in my mind that Hackenberg will improve dramatically as the season progresses. Again, PSU is a team that can’t afford injuries.
8. Indiana: Yeah, I know the Hoosiers gave up 35 points to an FCS school, but that offense is going to be really difficult to stop. IU running back Tevin Coleman will be a star and I absolutely love sophomore quarterback Nate Sudfeld. The Hoosiers have the potential to win a bunch of games 42-35 in conference play and could be a surprise team. On the other hand, they have the potential to lose a lot of conference games 42-35 and be a disappointment.
9. Minnesota: The Gophers were the kings of explosive plays in Week 1, scoring touchdowns on plays of 48-plus yards four times. Of those four scores, one was a defensive touchdown, two were on special teams, and one on offense. The disturbing part of the game was the fact that the Gophers could not sustain drives by running the ball effectively. The defense was opportunistic, but gave up way too many pass completions in my opinion.
10. Iowa: I know Iowa lost, but I was impressed with the Hawkeyes. Can I say that after a loss at home to a MAC team? NIU is no ordinary MAC team however, they are coming off a BCS appearance in the Orange Bowl and Jordan Lynch is a Heisman Candidate. Damon Bullock and Mark Weismann will provide a nice 1-2 punch for the Hawkeyes at running back and first year starting quarterback Jake Ruddock impressed me with his composure. The front seven on defense also impressed me. I have a feeling Iowa will start to climb in the power rankings.
11. Illinois: Nathan Scheelhaase who was kidnapped and left for dead a couple years ago was found by offensive coordinator Bill Cubit. Scheelhaase threw for 416 yards and 2 touchdowns. The defense looked bad against an FCS opponent, which is alarming, but if Scheelhaase and the offense can keep it up, the Illini have an opportunity to make a bowl game playing in the mediocre Legends Division.
12. Purdue: Poor Darrell Hazell. You have to wonder if he is second guessing himself for taking the job in West Lafayette. What a mess. Rob Henry is the worst quarterback in the Big Ten and the conference is loaded with bad quarterbacks. Whoof. | <urn:uuid:93ba71d4-a30a-4b74-b238-b46861ff5f36> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://goldandgopher.com/2013/09/03/big-ten-power-rankings-week-2-gophers-drop-a-spot-despite-blowout-win/ | 2013-12-12T07:35:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164568332/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134248-00034-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971721 | 1,417 |
Sofia Vergara had a rocky landing! The Colombian actress took to social media to share how she ended up on the floor after her private plane seat appeared to break.
Vergara took a trip alongside her son, Manolo Gonzalez Vergara, to see the first-ever Walmart (former Walton’s 5&10), the retailer where she also has her clothing line. Although everything seemed going as usual, the 50-year-old Modern Family actress had to share her Instagram versus reality moment.
Vergara joked about the moment and said she is pretty sure “Jennifer Lopez doesn’t get these types of airplanes.”
The America’s Got Talent judge revealed that this work trip, was also a mini vacation. “Team @walmart work trip that feel like a mini vacay,” Vergara wrote.
Vergara is launching her new Walmart holiday collection
The Colombian icon shared some behind the scenes footage from her photoshoot, posing in a red one-shoulder jumpsuit. “Sneak peek of my holiday collection,” Sofia wrote. The actress seemed to be having lots of fun modeling her upcoming line, looking glammed up and ready to strike a pose, accessorizing her look with hoop earrings and rings.
The Hollywood star launched her collaboration with Walmart back in 2019, with a denim collection available for all body types, and now she is getting ready to share new designs with her fans and followers.
She also wore gold open-toe platform sandals, and danced to the rhythm of Bad Bunny’s hit song ‘Después de la Playa,’ showing her dance moves on social media. | <urn:uuid:6d443de0-cef9-479d-889b-72b24de0d41e> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20221107339086/sofia-vergara-falls-inside-her-private-plane/ | 2023-02-01T06:32:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499911.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201045500-20230201075500-00262.warc.gz | en | 0.963956 | 356 |
Our unruly hair abruptly changes with the weather. Especially during winter, hair takes us around so many issues such as dull hair, greasy scalp, hair fall, and the most common – dandruff. The irritated and dry scalp often makes the condition worse. Dandruff not only affects your hair but, also knocks over your confidence when the flakes start falling on the shoulder. At times dandruff occurs due to changes in the scalp’s pH reacting with the shampoo.
Here are easy home remedies to overcome dandruff during winter:
1. Lemon and coconut oil
Lemon has citric acid that helps cleanse the scalp, wherein coconut oil helps nourish the head and scalp. When blended, these two exquisite ingredients help to eliminate dandruff while preventing the same in the future. For this, you’d need two tablespoons of warm coconut oil in a bowl with an equal amount of lemon juice squeezed. Stir it well and gently massage it over the scalp. Let it stay for at least 20 minutes for better results.
2. Tea tree oil and almond oil
Witness the magic of Tea tree oil and almond oil together. The antifungal and anti-microbial properties of tea tree oil ensure a dramatic reduction in dandruff. It further helps to sweep away greasy or dead skin build-up on the scalp. The almond oil ensures to balances out the impact of fungus that leads to dandruff. To prepare this, take two drops of tea tree oil in 50 ml of almond oil and stir well. Massage this onto your scalp gently with your fingers and leave it for 30 minutes.
3. Aloe Vera and neem
Both neem and aloe vera are known for their elite antifungal and antibacterial properties therefore, they wonderfully break down dandruff. This superior combination is blended, to offer excellent cooling and soothing properties. Prepare this anti-dandruff treatment at home with the blend of two tablespoons of aloe vera gel and a handful of fresh neem leaves. Make a smooth paste out of this and apply it gently to your scalp and your hair. Ensure to leave it for 30 minutes for the best result.
4. Apple cider vinegar and fenugreek
Fenugreek contains nicotinic acid and protein that prevents dandruff while nourishing the scalp. Therefore, it helps boost the growth of hair by strengthening hair strands. Apple cider vinegar also aids in controlling dandruff and balancing the pH level of the scalp. Prepare this anti-dandruff remedy by soaking two tablespoons of fenugreek seeds or leaves overnight. Grind it well in the morning and add half a teaspoon of apple cider vinegar to this paste and blend well. Apply this paste to your scalp and hair for almost half an hour and rinse.
5. Lemon, banana, and honey mask
We all know the fabulous benefits of lemon, banana, and honey for hair. It curbs dandruff locks in moisture and cleanses the scalp by unclogging harmful build-up. To prepare this, mash one banana, add some drops of lemon, and one teaspoon of honey to prepare this mask. Mix well and apply to your scalp for at least 30 minutes.
Wash and brush your hair twice a week during winter to avoid the dry or too greasy scalp and hair. Ensure to switch to an anti-dandruff shampoo like Follikesh Onion Shampoo. It is formulated from all-natural and herbal ingredients to give you silky, soft, and shiny hair while keeping dandruff away. | <urn:uuid:3bed218a-05aa-4d87-a44f-fac431206648> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://follikesh.com/winter-tips-to-go-dandruff-free/ | 2023-03-28T08:02:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948817.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328073515-20230328103515-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.921441 | 736 |
Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Services: Cost Management & Quantity Surveying
The Abu Dhabi Airport Free Zone is a comprehensive business park being developed on an area of eight-million square metres within airport premises.
Offering world-class infrastructure and multiple facilities, the project consists of residential, industrial (airside and landside), community, hospitality, retail, and food & beverage areas.
With its investment incentives and strategic geographical location, the Airport Free Zone is set to become a flourishing business centre that will attract and promote private sector investments.
RLB provided masterplan cost planning for the development. | <urn:uuid:e2f2990a-778e-45bd-85e3-ea0fba1365ed> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.rlb.com/en/projects/abu-dhabi-airport-free-zone-abu-dhabi-united-arab-emirates/?geolocation=americas | 2020-07-16T03:31:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657181335.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200716021527-20200716051527-00447.warc.gz | en | 0.912917 | 129 |
This morning was a “working day”. I had things to catch up with for my various web sites, Tom was finishing up some testimony. So we worked on our computers, then went for breakfast at Pläj.
Since we’d bought those fleece jackets on Day One, we needed more luggage for the trip home. Kelly had told us that there were 2 luggage stores near the Absinthe restaurant, so we went out to find them, stopping first at Walgreens for sunblock.
We found the stores fairly easily…and found that they didn’t open until 11:00AM. So we walked a bit until they did open. The first store sold Timbuk2 bags which I love, but I’ve bought them way cheaper on Amazon so we walked on.
The next store had a small selection of packable bags so we bought another one of those. I must have 10 from different trips. I always think that we won’t be buying anything but…
Back to the Inn at the Opera for a bit more work and a nap.
As we’d arranged, Kate, the Patient Advocate from Korlym, was going to take us out for the afternoon. She arrived about 2:30. Tom was enough done with his work that he went along, too.
We had a wonderful time seeing things on a more personal level than the bus. We went through Golden Gate Park, got out and saw the ducks, a waterfall, redwood trees, a pagoda, bison and more.
Then, we went to the Legion of Honor museum to see an exhibit called Impressionists on the Water. We had the headphones so we got even more out of the fantastic exhibit.
Naturally, Tom bought the book :)
The museum was closing, so we drove by the coastline and walked a bit. I wasn’t thrilled by the sign about the coyotes and I had no intention of approaching OR feeding any of them!
Our last stop was to see the Painted Ladies they kept mentioning on the Big Bus tour, then both Kate and Tom had work to do – and I had a nap to take – so she dropped us off back at “home”
What a fun day! Here are all the pictures. Can you tell I’m getting lazy with labels and identifying where they are?
After the work/nap, we headed out to Stelline for an Italian dinner, then the end of another long, but wonderful, day. | <urn:uuid:76dd2615-6e50-402f-8ef3-a66ab0f87d21> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://maryoblog.com/tag/san-francisco/ | 2015-08-03T19:06:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042990112.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002310-00131-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983234 | 523 |
Monday, April 01, 2013
Today, imagine your "future self" giving your past (or current) self a hug. See your future self thanking your past self for having the courage to move forward in this healthy lifestyle journey. How does it feel to look back on your former self with new eyes?
Oh wow. This one almost made me cry. I know the inner strength this journey will take. There are so many times I question if I have it or not. On the journey to reach my goal, I discovered I do have it. Right now I feel like I've lost that.
Visualizing that I could find that inner strength, and make use of it to benefit myself again in such a powerful way. Both present and future self would be crying.
This honestly makes me think I really can do this again. | <urn:uuid:71cd0df4-738d-40ec-9027-fb84965b3543> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.sparkpeople.com/mypage_public_journal_individual.asp?blog_id=5307472 | 2015-09-01T10:50:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645171365.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031251-00133-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973634 | 170 |
Coupons.com nearly doubles in IPO
Published 4:57 pm, Friday, March 7, 2014
Coupons.com, which took coupon clipping to the Web in 1998, almost doubled in its debut after the online discounter raised $168 million in its initial public offering, pricing the shares above the marketed range.
The stock surged 88 percent to close at $30, giving the Mountain View company a market value of about $2.2 billion. The company sold 10.5 million shares for $16 each, it said Thursday, after offering them for $12 to $14. The stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under COUP.
Coupons.com makes money when a consumer downloads a coupon for redemption. While the company has been unprofitable on an annual basis since at least 2009, sales rose 50 percent to $168 million last year from $112 million a year earlier, regulatory filings show. In the three months ended Dec. 31, Coupons.com posted net income of $1.5 million.
Passport Capital LLC, the $3.2 billion hedge-fund firm run by John Burbank, holds a 19 percent stake in Coupons.com after the offering, according to the original terms of the prospectus, while T. Rowe Price Group owns 10 percent.
A $200 million investment from institutional investors in 2011 valued the company at $1 billion, a person with knowledge of the matter said at the time. | <urn:uuid:ce236d24-735b-44cf-bbfa-13c950d7a554> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.sfgate.com/technology/article/Coupons-com-nearly-doubles-in-IPO-5298607.php | 2017-02-26T15:25:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501172017.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104612-00219-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947589 | 302 |
After previewing a few new songs in Los Angeles over the weekend, Yeah Yeah Yeahs return today with more details of their fourth studio album. As Pitchfork reports, Mosquito arrives April 16th via Interscope Records, and up above is the incredible album artwork designed by filmmaker/animator Beomsik Shimbe Shim.
The album was recorded in New York alongside TV on the Radio’s Dave Sitek, who previously helmed 2009’s It’s Blitz!. LCD Soundsystem’s James Murphy also produced a track (!), which features a guest spot from Dr. Octagon (aka Kool Keith).
Yeah Yeah Yeahs frontwoman Karen O discussed the recording process with Pitchfork:
We have this little shitty studio downtown [in New York] that belongs to us, so we wrote songs and recorded demos whenever we felt inspired; it was kind of like how we did Fever to Tell and our first demo. And emotionally, it’s been a rollercoaster– being back in New York is intense for me. I’ve gone through an identity crisis. It’s been very emotionally intense for Nick, too. He was going through a break-up while we were making the album. It was just all kind of down.
Below, you can watch recent fan footage of the band performing two new tracks. | <urn:uuid:ce242cb2-e7a4-4622-8357-bc3d5ca13fc6> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://consequenceofsound.net/2013/01/yeah-yeah-yeahs-announce-new-album-mosquito/ | 2017-03-26T16:58:47Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189244.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00180-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964733 | 282 |
SN: 115342 - 2020 / Y1303
Year Round Walk
The address/location for the physical start box (PSB) is as follows:
WARNING: The map pin is for reference only and may not accurately indicate the start box location or the event start.
From Wed, Jan 1st, 2020 to Dec 31st, 2020
Start times: Dawn to dusk
Ice Cream Parlors
Little Free Libraries
Rockin' Around the Clock
Daily dawn to dusk. Ask manager for walk binder. The walk traverses city parks and outlying rural residential areas. Walk by a cemetery, along orchards and tree-lined neighborhoods, passing by a beautiful rose garden and museum. You will also see many historic landmarks, and interesting businesses including Spaan's Cookie Factory bakery store and gift shop near the downtown area. A delightful stop as you trek along.
Distance: 10km & 5km, Rating: 1A
Awards and fees: IVV Credit Only
Driving to the start box
324 Pine Street, Galt, CA 95632. From Hwy 99, north or southbound, take Central Galt exit, then WEST on "C" St.. toward the "Golden Arches." Turn left in to McDonald's. Please park in the back of the lot.
Delta Tule Trekkers
Event website: www.deltatuletrekkers.org
Click inside the box to send an email to the POC. | <urn:uuid:6f80ea7a-6970-4c99-8e89-0c3a0a1d15b9> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://my.ava.org/event-view.php?sn=115342 | 2020-08-11T00:23:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738723.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810235513-20200811025513-00352.warc.gz | en | 0.875689 | 305 |
Most web based enterprises perceive coupons as a marketing tactic that can increase sales. But the truth is that this is not always the case. In some cases, large discounts can produce negative effects on a business.
In this article, we see how coupons can be used to increase profits of a small family business in the long run. In particular, we see 5 ways Homes Direct 365, located in Middlesbrough in the UK, use voucher codes to drive more sales and maintain customer loyalty. The company we study this time sell furniture and home interior products through their website and their Facebook page. They also distribute coupons for HomesDirect.co.uk via their newsletter.
Measuring ROI and Tracking Campaigns
There are few better ways to track and measure the ROI of an advertising campaign than using coupon codes. To do this, an online store, like HomesDirect365, can use different coupon codes for each of their ad outlets, which can be anything from their weekly newsletter to social media pages. Recording the unique codes used on each purchase a marketing manager can track the codes back to the marketing channel. This data is important because it provides the company with concrete data on what marketing channel works better (and what does not) and where the company needs to re-adjust their marketing resources.
Bringing in more customers
Giving limited-time discount codes to first-time buyers is a great way to induce the notion of urgency to prospects. This is exactly what HomesDirect365 do. By making a promo code offer limited in its duration (i.e. £200 Off antique French style bedside tables this weekend only!), prospects may be compelled to act fast. Once they do, they become part of HomesDirect365 customer base. Moving from the prospect list to the customer list, users will become even more valuable over time.
Target people who left the shopping cart
The process of buying things online is based on users of a web store making their choice and placing a certain product or products in their shopping cart, along with their email and other personal data. But then, for some reason, a number of users simply abandon the cart. Targeting these users means that you send them an email specifically for what they had in the shopping cart before they left so that you motivate them to complete their purchase.
Providing Rewards to Active Facebook Fans
Loyal Facebook fans should be always a valid target for discounts and coupons. This is a powerful tool because it strengthens the bond between a customer and the business; many companies like Home Direct 365 regularly provide such offers to their Facebook fans for their furniture products.
Maintaining your list of existing customers
Periodically sending coupon codes to your list is a good way to maintain your relationship with your list. For example, you can send your list of existing customers 10% off their order. This is one of the most effective ways to keep your list alive and make them feel that your business is still there and that you still care for them.
However, make sure you do not overdo it with offers sent to them too frequently. Bombarding your list with coupons means you risk your users unsubscribing! Finally, just like Homes Direct 365 voucher codes, if you do send an offer make sure it is of great value. | <urn:uuid:cbd0ea92-84e5-4461-8235-bdbf1afd65b0> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | http://www.fasaesocal.com/lessons-from-homesdirect365-voucher-code-marketing-5-ways-coupons-boost-online-profits/ | 2019-08-21T05:43:10Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315809.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20190821043107-20190821065107-00194.warc.gz | en | 0.951201 | 662 |
Christine Roffe and Roland Veltkamp from UK were the chairs of this first interesting session on ICH, don’t miss the main messages summarized here!
“ICH remains the most devastating presentation of stroke and documented treatment options in ICH remain scarce”. However, new knowledge is emerging, and this session will provide an overview.
The first speaker, Dr Marco Pasi from Boston, brought news insights on cerebellar bleeding and their underlying vasculopathy. Cerebellar haemorrhages represent 10% of overall ICH, more than 70% of them are spontaneous. Small vessel disease (SVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most common causes. Interestingly, recently published data suggest that deep cerebellar ICH were often due to SVD, likely because of the intensive anastomosis in the nucleus caudate and its sensitivity to HTA. Cortical, superficial and vermis ICH were related to CAA, and are associated to supratentorial lobar cerebral microbleeds. Acute complications, associated with midline location, include brain stem compression, herniation and hydrocephalus and contribute to the huge overall mortality which is about 30-40%. To date, few and heterogeneous data are available on long-term outcome, because of differences on patient selection and clinical management… Join the important effort of the international collaboration on cerebellar ICH!
Second presentation by Pr Charlotte Cordonnier from University of Lille reported on ICH related to oral anticoagulants. About 15% of patients presenting at EDs for an ICH are under oral anticoagulant (both direct anticoagulant, DOAC and Anti-vitamin K, AVK): these patients suffer for larger volume ICHs, often have more comorbidities, and higher mortality rate. Volume expansion plays a pivotal role on poor outcome: time is brain! Focusing on DOAC, do they bleed less? Yes, but definitions are crucial: data from Orange study showed that intracranial bleeding were less frequent in DOAC, nevertheless proportion of spontaneous ICH was the same in the DOAC vs AVK group! And even if intracranial bleedings are less frequent, we have more and more older patient that have atrial fibrillation! Concerning prognosis of DOAC-related ICH compared to AVK, observational data suggest that mortality rate is lower under DOAC, but clinically severity do not differ. Up to date, biological data do not provide clues in clinical practice and in particular, rivaroxaban plasma levels seem not to be associated with ICH volume. Waiting new data on antidotes for therapeutic management… do not forget the essentials! Stroke unit, intensive lowering of blood pression and reversion therapy!
Coming back to physiopathology and basic research, Pr Vincent Berezowski from Lille University reported data from animal models of ICH: what have they taught us? A lot! The complex mechanistic and biochemical cascade of events following RBC lysis has been unraveled with the two main models that have been available until now: direct blood injection, which permit control of haemorrhage volume and collagenases inject. Collagenase causes extensive vascular damage and triggers large hematoma expansion, with extensive activation of neuro-inflammation. New model of underlying vasculopathies are needed… and what about models for microbleeds? We are waiting for them!
The presentation of Pr Hagen Hutter, from University of Erlangen in Germany, reported on thorny questions on whether and when resuming anticoagulant after ICH. Randomized data are lacking, and only observational data are available to date. Risk of re-bleeding remains the major concern, nevertheless, for about 20% anticoagulant (AVK) are restart at 1 month: in these patient’s risk of thrombo-embolic complications is reduced and risk of re-bleeding was not increase. However, important bias attributable to observational design should be considered: younger patients, better outcome, less cerebral microbleeds. Once again: we need to randomize! Is there a subgroup who could benefit more? Scores can be useful to stratify? Which is the best timing? Probably 4-6 weeks after ICH, with less concerns for deep ICH? Waiting for the exciting RCTs data!
During the last presentation, Pr Theodoros Karapanayiotides from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, reported on “Management of statins in ICH patients: what should we do? Is there a higher risk of re-bleeding if we continue, discontinue or initiate a statin after ICH? Many unanswered questions are still open. Statins discontinuation has been associated with higher in-hospital mortality, but data are heterogeneous, and confounders likely impact these results. Puzzle is pretty complicated from a biochemical and physio-pathological point of view, different risk profiles depending on HDL and LDL has been discussed and more evidence is needed to conclude on clinical indications.. | <urn:uuid:e5fccd97-2077-4a6a-b06b-6edd0f325b26> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://eso-stroke.org/esoc-session-highlight-intracerebral-haemorrhage-i/ | 2022-11-29T02:07:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710684.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128235805-20221129025805-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.925689 | 1,073 |
- Glen was being rude to his mother, so Trevor told him to shut his gob.
- I threw the ball to Clive, but he missed the catch and it hit him right in the gob.
Variety: This is typically used in British and Australian English but may be used in other varieties of English too.
The guy punched me in the gob and
This entry is in the following categories:
Contributor: Matt Errey | <urn:uuid:d28def39-6355-4837-bd5f-7c510d9c9e44> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://www.englishclub.com/ref/esl/Slang/G/gob_1__1526.htm | 2017-02-22T15:38:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170993.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00587-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974322 | 90 |
What travelers say
Covington has a subtropical climate with lengthy springs and autumn. Although it is sunny most of the year, rainstorms and hurricanes may occur as a result of it being in close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico.
It has an average rainfall of 65 inches annually. The city is well known for its clean air and water. The city has numerous ... More festivals and cultural events which take place annually. Visitors can enjoy the live performances of local and well known musicians and artists at such events. Fall for Art 2008 was one such event held recently.
Your contribution can be useful for other tourists
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More information United States:
|Mandeville - 8.4 mi|
Mandeville is a city in St. Tammany Parish in Louisiana, United States. This city is located on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain along Interstate 12. It is across the lake from...
|Hammond - 21.6 mi|
Hammond can be described as the biggest city located in ‘Tangipahoa Parish’ Louisiana, US’.
Hammond is a home to ‘Southeastern Louisiana... | <urn:uuid:64cca49b-bcee-4201-bd28-6fd7419ae3a0> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.placesonline.com/north_america/united_states/louisiana/covington/introduction.asp | 2014-12-20T17:21:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802770060.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075250-00119-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938875 | 243 |
What touches us:
We want to offer children from the poorest families a better prospect in life through access to education
Who we are:
We are a dedicated and completely voluntary team of three board members and many other helping hands
How we work:
In cooperation with local partners, we secure the running of the school for 350 children as well as support the construction of a new permanent school. The construction work is being accompanied by us onside in Kimilili
Education is the most effective weapon against poverty and disease
What we do:
We maintain the running of the school for 350 children with 15 teachers by covering the monthly cost. This includes teachers' salaries, the cost for the lunch program for 350 children, as well as water and other school supplies
350 children (that otherwise could not afford education) as well as 15 teachers (with a secure monthly income). Furthermore, we are offering local employment to unskilled labour to build the new permanent school
Only local people in Kimilili benefit as all members in Europe share the passion for the school and work voluntarily
The school is constantly growing and offering more and more children the opportunity to learn for a better future. Within one year, the school has grown from 250 children to over 350. More teachers had to be employed (originally 7 to now 15) and the lunch program must be extended to cover the increased number of students. We urgently need help to cover the monthly expenses so that we can get the school running.
Furthermore, a new permanent school is urgently required to replace the current mud hut with a safe and clean learning environment. The funds are not yet secured, but once completed, it will host 800 children!
How you can help:
Every little helps! A teacher earns 50 Euros a month, a meal for 350 children per day costs 30 Euros and 10 Euros per month will send a child to school
Thank you so much! | <urn:uuid:7ff39c25-b801-4330-bf9f-4a84930060ca> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.betterplace.org/en/projects/10433-the-gift-of-education | 2018-12-11T23:05:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823705.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20181211215732-20181212001232-00515.warc.gz | en | 0.964195 | 387 |
"Nice addition to your Kenwood"
28 May 2012
We had considered buying this attachment for a while,and now wish we had bought it sooner.Its an easy piece of kit to use and is quite robust. We always had concerns about mince and sausage and what went into them, we have heard many horror stories.With this attachment we can now make or own and we know exactly what we are getting!It takes a little bit of practice to use the sausage maker but nothing taxing. It also has the benefit that you can experinent and make different flavour sausage. Overall a nice addition to your Kenwood,easy to use,easy to clean | <urn:uuid:ee9ae94c-1f4e-420e-8ba8-454060a1bd91> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.lakeland.co.uk/13564/Kenwood%20Multi%20Food%20Grinder%20Attachment/all-reviews | 2017-03-28T13:56:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189771.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00164-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982666 | 133 |
There is no such thing as a perfect marriage. But through mentoring we saw that we weren’t expected to have one.
We sat down with David & Christy and asked them to share how mentoring has impacted their marriage and their family. We'd love to share their story with you.
Q: What is the biggest change you have seen in your marriage since starting being mentored?
Christy: We are both imperfect people, living in an imperfect world. Through the mentoring process David and I were able to see that we weren’t expected to have a perfect marriage - because a perfect marriage doesn’t exist. Marriage is just like parenting, a place to constantly learn and grow with each other. And we can only love each other through the love and grace of our perfect father.
Both of us are now more focused on intentionally laying down our pride and confessing to each other with more transparency. We’ve even begun striving to forgive each other in order to move forward loving and serving each other. I am finding ways to praise David for the things he does for me.
David: And I am focused on intentionally initiating date nights with Christy to keep pursuing her. Our youngest daughter even noticed a change in our marriage. She told us that she ‘likes it when we meet with our mentor couple because she knew we were working to make our marriage better.’ I can only hope that she sees that marriage is hard work.
I pray that our participation in a mentoring relationship is an example for her to never give up on her future marriage. And a testimony from us showing her that we will never give up on each other.
Q: How do you think your marriage might look now if you had not participated in marriage mentoring?
Christy: That’s hard to imagine. I don’t think we would truly believe that as imperfect people we could have a marriage that glorifies God and brings us joy. Through prayer, encouragement and transparency our mentor couple gave us hope to stay the course and continue to give each other grace even when we didn’t feel like it.
Q: What part of the mentoring relationship did you find the most helpful?
David: By far it would be seeing the transparency of our mentor couple. They reminded us time and again that they don’t have a perfect marriage, but they also continually gave us hope that as we forgive each other and love each other our imperfections will become less important. | <urn:uuid:b384d8cb-0804-428a-b53e-2d359c1daf14> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://strongmarriages.com/Stories/David-Christy | 2022-12-05T22:04:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711045.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205200634-20221205230634-00861.warc.gz | en | 0.977082 | 514 |
'The worst is yet to come for Biddy' - Priest tells mourners at prayer service for Clondalkin fire victims
Scenes of stunned grief hung over a funeral home in Bray where relatives and friends of the victims of last Wednesday's tragic Clondalkin fire gathered to pay their respects.
Laid out side by side today were Annmarie O’Brien (27), her daughter Paris (2) and her unborn son AJ.
The children of Biddy O'Brien, Holly (3) and Jordan (4), who were visiting Annmarie, also perished in the blaze at the Cluainin Cronan apartment complex.
Biddy O’Brien remains in a critical condition in St James’s Hospital having suffered extensive burns in the fire.
She has been in a coma since the fire and is not aware that her children have died.
Inside Colliers funeral home the three coffins and two caskets lay together as grief stricken mourners filed by, gently laying a kiss or a loving touch to Paris, Annmarie and Jordan who seemed to be resting in innocent and silent sleep.
AJ’s coffin and Holly’s casket remained closed, and topped with teddy bears.
Surrounding them were photographs depicting the vibrant lives they lived. One was of Annmarie holding Paris in her arms, and both had a hand and Annmarie’s tummy where baby AJ was growing within her.
Balloons depicting cartoon characters such as Peppa Pig and Spider-Man floated in the air at the back of the room, and the only sound was weeping.
Around 400 people arrived from all over the country, arriving in solidarity and leaving in tears.
Fr John O’Connor from Shankill, who had married Biddy O’Brien to her husband Jamie, said prayers along with Fr Paul O’Driscoll who ministers for the Travelling community.
“We’ve come together this evening to pay our respects to the dead and ask for their eternal rest. We pray that the Lord grants eternal rest to Annmarie, Paris, baby AJ, to Jordan and to Holly,” said Fr O’Connor.
“We ask the good Lord to bless their families and their friends, and all their loved ones,” he added.
After the prayer service Fr O’Driscoll said the families are only getting through their ordeal “breath by breath”.
“It's like a nightmare. They wonder is it really happening,” he explained.
“One minute they are okay. It is like the tide. The tide goes out and they are grand for a few little moments, but then it comes back in again and they are back to square one. So it is a rollercoaster.
“When somebody familiar stands in front of them the emotion is very deep,” he added.
Speaking about Biddy, he said her condition has not changed and she is still in intensive care with “a frightening number of machines and other equipment surrounding her”.
“She is getting amazing care, surrounded by a great team. She has had serious surgery which took four hours during which she was given seven units of blood, which has helped her, but it is an awful shock on her system,” he added.
“As bad as things are the worst is yet to come (when she is told of the deaths of her children) but her husband is there at the bedside as much as he can be. I don't know how they are going to face that when she is conscious and she is ready to hear that news,” he explained.
The funerals of the victims will take place tomorrow in St Anne’s Church in Shankill. | <urn:uuid:c35f2f2f-2fff-4c05-a95b-a8e6f18b9510> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/the-worst-is-yet-to-come-for-biddy-priest-tells-mourners-at-prayer-service-for-clondalkin-fire-victims-35523583.html | 2017-09-26T01:01:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818693866.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925235144-20170926015144-00432.warc.gz | en | 0.977087 | 796 |
MURRAY Goulburn Co-operative has lifted its milk price for the sixth time this season.
The company today announced a rise of nine cents per kilogram butterfat and 19 cents per kilogram protein, taking the weighted-average available price to $6.81 per kilogram milk solids (kgms).
It was the co-operative's final stepup before declaration of its season closing price in coming weeks.
Managing director Gary Helou said external factors including fluctuating international commodity prices and currency movements would be key factors in determining the final price.
"The continued focus on improving performance through reducing costs and investing to support innovation and value growth contributed to this step-up," Mr Helou said.
"Market demand for key dairy ingredients remains strong but increased milk supply from New Zealand, Europe and USA has led to recent declines in prices. Nevertheless dairy ingredients prices remain above historical average levels. "The Australian dollar continues to be stubbornly higher than we expect it to be and remains a source of risk to next year's farmgate milk prices," he said.
Murray Goulburn's price rise followed a stepup this week by Warrnambool Cheese and Butter which took its average farmgate price to $6.85/kgms. Fonterra's average price is $6.80/kgms.
Murray Goulburn opened the 2013/14 season at $5.60/kgms, then forecasting an end-of-season price of $5.80 to $6.
Its most recent closing price forecast was made in April, predicting a range of $6.66 to $6.85.
Today's price lift puts it near the upper end of the range. | <urn:uuid:e2692b32-96dc-49c7-88f5-2ea94d6b104b> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.standard.net.au/story/2331272/murray-goulburn-lifts-milk-price-again/?src=rss | 2018-02-22T16:51:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814140.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222160706-20180222180706-00716.warc.gz | en | 0.952344 | 354 |
In a previous blog we reported on the timing, quality and quantity of protein intake in the prevention of the age-related decline in muscle mass, termed sarcopenia. This month saw the launch of a study designed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel nutrient supplement designed to assist in the prevention of the age-related decline in skeletal mass, i.e. osteopenia. Funded by an Enterprise Ireland Innovation Partnership Project Grant in collaboration with Dairygold the project recognises the pivotal role of bone turnover in the maintenance of bone health. Bone turnover is a term used to describe the normally balanced rate of bone resorption and bone formation. As a result of this activity 5-10% of the skeleton is ‘turned over’ each year as bone remodels for essential maintenance and repair, an important component of overall bone health. It follows that dysregulation of the balanced resorption and formation processes can cause a greater deterioration in bone health when overall rates of bone turnover ae high, as is the case in developmental growth to adulthood in both sexes and in during immediate years post-menopause in women (Figure 1).
Because bone health is monitored by change in bone mineral density (BMD: measured by DXA) most relate bone health to its mineral content and the requirement for adequate dietary intake of calcium (recommended as 800-1200mg per day) and vitamin D (20ug per day) which assists in the absorption of calcium. Few, however, would relate the structural integrity of bone, and hence bone health, to its protein content, composed principally of type I collagen. Yet, integral to bone turnover is the rate of collagen turnover and this, we find, is highly nutrient sensitive.
Earlier this year a pilot study conducted by researchers Dr Manjula Hetterachchi and Rachel Cooke concluded that the diurnal (24 h) rate of bone turnover could be regulated by an appropriately timed ingestion of a milk protein-based supplement, specifically prepared for the study by Dairygold. The study launched this month evaluates the change in bone health following a long-term (6-month) period of supplementation in post-menopausal women. If successful we would hope to extend this work further to incorporate a 2nd major lifestyle factor, physical activity, as a co-stimulus in maintenance of bone health.
Professor Phil Jakeman is a professor in Exercise Physiology in the department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences at the University of Limerick. His current research interests include Human Exercise Science; Biochemistry of Exercise; Growth Factors; Bone Turnover; Muscle Adaptation; Nutrition and metabolism. View Phil’s profile on Research Gate or contact Phil on email@example.com | <urn:uuid:2b9d1f50-9e90-49d8-9a1d-189ee03f2445> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://pess.blog/2018/09/14/new-studies-of-nutrition-and-musculoskeletal-health-professor-phil-jakeman/ | 2021-01-22T21:32:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703531429.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122210653-20210123000653-00511.warc.gz | en | 0.932137 | 550 |
Puppies are the beer thing you can always have in your home or house, and it is a great deal to have one or more. When you are planning to buy puppies you cannot just buy any puppy you find since you need to consider some of the things. Majority of the people have no idea where to find puppy or to buy puppies and this means you can find a person to search for puppies from friends and relatives. It is a good thing to be given a puppy, but ho sure are you that the puppy you bring in your house or home is perfect for you and for everyone else. Puppies are needed and the demand is higher where you will find that in the market puppies are being taken care of since the age and this means you are getting a food puppy. Puppies that are Available for sale are well checked to ensure that you get the puppy you wanted and when it comes to health it is always necessary to be checked because you don’t want to buy a puppy that is sick of suffering from various conditions.
Today, many people always everywhere across the world want to have puppies, but you will find that a certain percentage is the only one that manages to get puppies for sale are the best thing you can consider buying since you are going to finally manage to get what you want and this means there is now any struggle you are going to face since puppies for sale are well checked and diagnosed from any condition. The market is wide open for everyone to buy puppies, and you have the right to buy all the puppies you want but the most important is how you are going to keep those puppies since they don’t even eat normal food. Buying puppies sing good ideas this it will become the best friend for your loved ones and this is why most people cannot stay without having puppies. Puppies helps to reduce some of the challenges people go through and therefore having a puppy is recommended.
The online market has become the best shop for everyone who want to own puppy. Due to the struggle that is there in the market and finding the puppy you want, everyone is advised to make an effort and visit a online store where they are guaranteed to get the puppy they wanted. There is nothing else better than buying a puppy you will be happy to have and this means the online store has a solution for everything, and you get what exactly wanted. Struggling outside is something common you end up lacking the puppies you wanted, but you visit the online store there are many puppies you can always consider choosing from and things a great deal for everyone. Not all stores can be trusted when it come to buying puppies, but you can do some research to identify the online store where you can visit and get your puppy. | <urn:uuid:b490fe07-ffb1-46f4-b3e7-f2c3da9e716a> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://dogsonacid.us/the-key-elements-of-great-14/ | 2021-09-21T04:24:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057158.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921041059-20210921071059-00380.warc.gz | en | 0.984247 | 549 |
[PlayStation 4] Perils of Baking Review | PS4Blog.net
Perils of Baking is a fun platformer on PlayStation 4 which I had a blast playing right from start. Find out why in our Perils of Baking review!
The game is about two brothers who ended up going their separate ways after one of the brothers went a bit power hungry and crazy. The elder brother found a special chef’s hat that gave him the ability to make his creations come to life, so the younger and more sensible brother must now bring his older brother back to his former self before it is too late. Going from the game’s name you at first probably thought this was some sort of cooking game, right? Well, instead we’re getting a fun 2D platformer with an overall baking theme.
This being a platformer means you will have to defeat enemies and avoid hazards and traps that could mean instant death. The left stick is for moving your character around, and if you hold down the square button your character can run. You can also jump with the X button, and can eventually attack when you unlock that ability. And that’s all you need to worry about for its gameplay mechanics.
The game’s overall difficulty is balanced, except or a few levels where the platforming sections have a lot of deadly spikes and enemies that seem to come out of nowhere. The four different worlds in the game will tests your skills as you try and find the best way to get to the exit for each stage while remaining alive and well.
Aside from 40 fun-filled platforming levels there is some extra fun stuff to do like master mine carts, flying a balloon, and there is also a bit of baking when you find an oven that can reward you with one of more pieces of bread… or damage you if the oven catches fire! There is also one checkpoint per level which is presented in the form of a popcorn machine. If you die you will then restart from the checkpoint so that you don’t have to redo the entire stage, which isn’t so bad since you have infinite lives to retry.
What is a platformer without collectibles? In this one you will find a variety of food scattered around the levels, and collecting 50 earns you an extra heart. Once you earn all four hearts your next collectible will be the Chef’s hat which will give you the ability to throw your spatula at your enemies, or to swing it for a solid melee hit, as long as you’re not hit and lose that ability!
Perils of Baking is fun, but I do think it has the potential to be expanded over the included 40 levels, since the gameplay mechanics are fun and the whole baking theme works for a platformer with the crazy enemy designs. No idea if the developer will release additional levels for this one or if he might be considering working on a sequel, and I definitely look forward to seeing what he does next. If you’re looking for a fun budget 2D platformer for PS4, then be sure to check this one!
This Perils of Baking review is based on a PlayStation 4 copy provided by Lillymo Games. | <urn:uuid:870e9b44-656d-4ae4-9730-a56a2cff3dd5> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.ps4blog.net/2018/08/playstation-4-perils-of-baking-review/ | 2020-02-17T20:42:06Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143079.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217175826-20200217205826-00259.warc.gz | en | 0.961837 | 666 |
The Ribbon that you see within the PowerPoint 2019 for Windows user interface was designed to make all options easily accessible. To make more options available on the Ribbon, you can add more tabs, rename them, and populate them with even more commands, as we will explore within this tutorial.
All buttons on the Ribbon are placed within separate Tabs, and each Tab has groups with a few commands each. We explained these basics in our Ribbon and Tabs tutorial. Customization of the Ribbon involves four areas:
- Adding and Renaming Ribbon Tabs. We cover this topic on this page. Other techniques are covered in these separate, linked tutorials:
- Reordering and Removing Ribbon Tabs
- Working with Custom Groups in Ribbon Tabs
- Adding Commands to Custom Groups
Follow these steps to learn more:
- To add or rename Ribbon tabs, you need to bring up the PowerPoint Options dialog box. There are two ways to access these options. The easier way is to right-click anywhere on the Ribbon, and to choose the Customize the Ribbon option from the resultant menu, as shown highlighted in red within Figure 1.
Figure 1: Customize the Ribbon option to be selected
- Alternatively, choose the File menu to bring up Backstage view, as shown in Figure 2. Now, select Options (highlighted in green within Figure 2).
Figure 2: Options within File menu
- Either way, this opens the PowerPoint Options dialog box, as shown in Figure 3. Make sure you choose the Customize Ribbon option within the sidebar. This shows the relevant options on the right side of the PowerPoint Options dialog box (see Figure 3 again).
Figure 3: PowerPoint Options dialog box
- Since you want to create a new tab, click on the New Tab button (highlighted in red within Figure 3, above). This will add the New Tab (Custom) within the Main Tabs list, as shown highlighted in red within Figure 4, below.
Figure 4: New custom tab added
- Note that when the New Tab (Custom) is added, a default New Group (Custom) is also added. This is because all commands you add within a Ribbon tab need to reside in a group.
- You should now rename your custom tab. Select the newly added New Tab (Custom), and click the Rename button (highlighted in blue within Figure 4, above). This brings up the Rename window, as shown in Figure 5. Provide a name, and click the OK button.
Figure 5: Rename the new tab
- You can rename the New Group (Custom) option the same way you did for New Tab (Custom). The only difference is that the Rename window lets you choose a symbol for your group, as shown in Figure 6. We explain more about customizing groups in our Working with Custom Groups in Ribbon Tabs tutorial.
Figure 6: Custom group Rename window
- When done, click the OK button within the PowerPoint Options dialog box to get back to PowerPoint interface. Figure 7, below shows the new custom tab within the Ribbon with the default custom group
Figure 7: New custom tab with custom group added to the Ribbon
- Save your presentation often.
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 365 for Windows
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 365 for Mac
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 2016 for Windows
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 2016 for Mac
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 2013 for Windows
Add and Rename Ribbon Tabs in PowerPoint 2010 for Windows | <urn:uuid:ffc468d7-e175-4f42-87d2-7227213b6901> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://www.indezine.com/products/powerpoint/learn/interface/2019/add-rename-ribbon-tabs.amp.html | 2020-08-12T23:50:17Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738950.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812225607-20200813015607-00459.warc.gz | en | 0.848554 | 736 |
Blood transfusions: are they life saving or transfusing infections?
Amrutha Kumari, B.; Deepa, S. and Venkatesha, D. (2011) Blood transfusions: are they life saving or transfusing infections? Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 10 (2). ISSN 0972-5997
Full text available as:
Introduction: There is a risk of 1 - 2 per 1000 recipients receiving contaminated blood with viral, bacterial and parasitic agents.TTI’S are the most commonly encountered complications in transfusion medicine. The objective of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of TTI’s among blood donors, who represent healthy population at large. Materials & methods: A total of 33,658 blood units were received from voluntary and replacement donors over a period of 5 years. Surface antigen of HBV and antibodies to HIV and HCV were determined using ELISA. Syphilis was detected using TPHA test. Results: 947 (2.81%) blood units tested positive for HBV, HCV, HIV and / or syphilis. Overall prevalence was HBV – 1.77%, HCV – 0.13%, HIV – 0.63% and Syphilis – 0.28%. Nine (0.03%) donors had coinfections. Conclusion: The screening of blood donors is the corner stone in assuring the safety of blood transfusion.
Archive Staff Only: edit this record | <urn:uuid:f87cba2c-baeb-447f-acb4-f42d0aafe6ea> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://openmed.nic.in/3808/ | 2014-04-23T15:39:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223202774.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032002-00027-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899742 | 302 |
Jinx is the third book in this series which is a tongue-in-cheek take on comic books. If you've read the previous books: Karma Girl and Hot Mama, you know that Bigtime is a city full of superheroes and ubervillians, secret identities are sort of obvious, and yards of spandex and sequins are required.
My reviews of the previous books:
Cover: They swtiched over from a more comic cover, where the characters are drawn, to real people against a sort of comic-looking background. Not sure the reason for this – maybe to make the books look less chick-lit and more like it's a romance/paranormal?
Story: As with the previous books, the story is written in the first person point of view. This time it's Bella Bulluci, who was introduced in Hot Mama as the sister of the male love interest, and a fashion designer with muted tastes. Bella's family has a superhero tradition, her grandfather, father and brother have taken turns being Johnny Angel, a character who rides a motorcycle and fights crime. Bella's dad was killed earlier in the year because of this activity, and Bella has a very hard time forgiving him for choosing to put himself in danger rather than staying safe for his family. She remembers wanting to be a superhero when she was young, but soon was jaded by the worry and fear about her father night after night.
Her past experiences have caused Bella to hate superheroes – she thinks they are ridiculous and can't understand why people choose to have a secret identity. Her rule is to never get involved with a superhero – despite being in a family of them, and despite being closely connected with the Fearless Five, Bigtime's most powerful superhero group. AND despite Bella having her own powers. She has a "supercharged telekinesis" which gives her luck – both bad and good, and which annoys her a lot. It increases with her emotions and discharges with often embarrassing results, but Bella is usually not harmed very much.
I found this contrariness despite who she has surrounding her very stubborn on Bella's part. Her anger at her father's death colors her decisions. I still I found her feelings believable at first. Her practical and worrywort nature explains a about how she reacts towards the danger of being a superhero. Then Bella gets caught in the crossfire between the Fearless Five and some ubervillians after a fund-raiser at the Bigtime Museum of Modern Art. Bella is taken away from danger by Debonair and soon becomes involved with him despite her rule. This is where I found her back and forth annoying – she would really firmly (and sometimes a little meanly) push him away, and then the next time she sees him, they're getting it on. Then she'd remember her rule and tell him to leave after a long evening together, or say it was nice but nothing can come out of it. Once or twice – fine, but this happened a few times. The only explanation of why Debonair is OK with her waffling is that he's been secretly in love with her for months, but how easily he forgives her for hurting him was surprising. Their relationship was really the focus of the book, with the action against ubervillians Hangman and Prism as a secondary story.
Overall – I read this book in practically one sitting. It was fun, and doesn't take itself seriously, so worth reading when you're in the mood for something light. I think I liked it as much as I liked Karma Girl, and I thought it was better than Hot Mama. Bella was a more interesting protagonist and had a less dramatic and flamboyant personality than Fiona, Hot Mama's protagonist. I also liked Debonair and his shy alter ego – he was very sweet towards Bella throughout the story. And as usual the over the top and silly background of the Bigtime world makes things lighthearted and an easy read. Most readers will pick up on the secret identities of some of the superheroes and ubervillians (first name and last name have the same letter, not nice people = ubervillian, nice people = superhero, real job sometimes related to superhero power…), and it's amusing how oblivious the main characters are about the clues. | <urn:uuid:4b0571f1-619b-40e9-a109-5bb3a9a072bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://specficromantic.com/2008/09/06/jinx-by-jennifer-estep/ | 2023-02-03T17:30:16Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500058.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203154140-20230203184140-00494.warc.gz | en | 0.985516 | 879 |
The TRUTH behind Conor McGregor, Khabib Brawling after UFC 229 main event
The TRUTH behind Conor McGregor and Khabib Nurmagomedov melee incidents after UFC 229 main event...
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Thank you for watching MMA FOCUS! | <urn:uuid:228672a7-28f5-4bf1-9c3e-8d77b61f2d13> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://pokeclip.com/w-the-truth-behind-conor-mcgregor-khabib-v_S9-67cVE9n4 | 2019-02-15T22:07:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247479159.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20190215204316-20190215230316-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.799163 | 131 |
Explore the Books
Lyrics of the Hearthside (1899)
First published by Dodd, Mead and Company
The Phantom Kiss
One night in my room, still and beamless,
With will and with thought in eclipse,
I rested in sleep that was dreamless;
When softly there fell on my lips
A touch, as of lips that were pressing
Mine own with the message of bliss--
A sudden, soft, fleeting caressing,
A breath like a maiden's first kiss.
I woke--and the scoffer may doubt me--
I peered in surprise through the gloom;
But nothing and none were about me,
And I was alone in my room.
Perhaps 't was the wind that caressed me
And touched me with dew-laden breath;
Or, maybe, close-sweeping, there passed me
The low-winging Angel of Death.
Some sceptic may choose to disdain it,
Or one feign to read it aright;
Or wisdom may seek to explain it--
This mystical kiss in the night.
But rather let fancy thus clear it:
That, thinking of me here alone,
The miles were made naught, and, in spirit,
Thy lips, love, were laid on mine own. | <urn:uuid:b98aaa3a-7ae7-41ff-a520-fd62cfef1764> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/dunbar/explore?book=7&id=392 | 2017-02-26T09:58:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171971.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00423-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965052 | 272 |
Wednesday, August 17th, 2016 | 8 min read
In 2008, NASA scientists got some pretty incredible news. Their spacecraft, Phoenix, found water on Mars.
Doing things the old-school way, they might have released the news with a carefully timed press release. Perhaps even tipped off a few reporters. Instead, NASA did something different and unexpected: the organization announced the news with 116 characters.
Are you ready to celebrate? Well, get ready: We have ICE!!!!! Yes, ICE, *WATER ICE* on Mars! w00t!!! Best day ever!!
— MarsPhoenix (@MarsPhoenix) June 20, 2008
The @MarsPhoenix account soon gained 75,000 followers and became the eighth most followed Twitter account. The tweet was even recognized by Twitter and Mashable as one of the most memorable posts ever. While Phoenix was on Mars collecting data, NASA’s social media team used tweets to personalize the spacecraft, from its arrival (“I’ve landed!!!!”) up until Phoenix “died” from a lack of sunlight.
Fast forward eight years and NASA’s social media operation has expanded into a well-oiled rocketship that publishes content to 14 different platforms. Its main NASA Twitter handle has an astounding 17.4 million followers – plus a Shorty Award – as does NASA’s Mars Curiosity Rover handle, which has more than 3 million followers.
When it comes to attracting followers, NASA benefits from its fascinating and (literally) limitless subject matter: space. But with that advantage comes the challenge of managing the sheer amount of content the organization generates and disseminates on a daily basis. And the need to provide guidance to the team that helps keep 500+ social media platforms going, as well as directly managing NASA’s primary accounts, all while building relationships with tens of millions of fans and followers from around the globe. A task almost as immense as the organization’s subject matter.
To pull it all off, NASA fervidly invests in building and maintaining a social media infrastructure.
NASA has 10 field centers distributed across the U.S., and a full-time social media person embedded within each one. These social media managers act as content producers, science “translators,” and bridge builders between social and other business functions.
There’s a specialized social team at NASA HQ to keep the whole machine running. They coordinate social media activities between all field centers, communicate key updates to the C-Suite, and provide training and enablement for their regional counterparts.
The whole social organization also leverages a unified social media platform to support their myriad channels, accounts, teams, and processes, and to enable them as they scale.
It’s a social infrastructure befitting the entity that put the first man on the moon.
Jason Townsend, NASA’s deputy social media manager, says the organization’s social media strategy has grown in “leaps and bounds” in recent years. And much of that success boils down to a simple, yet beautiful, concept – “brute force coordination.” By this, he means that communication happens regularly, across all teams, and across all levels. Not just from the top down, but also the other way around. “When we meet in the middle is where that social media magic sort of happens,” he says.
“We’ve also gotten to a point where people are starting to think of social media way earlier in the process when thinking of larger company-wide initiatives,” says Emily Furfaro, a social media specialist at NASA. “We work very closely with other functions to integrate social media into the overall plan.”“We work very closely with other functions to integrate social media into the overall plan.”
This collaborative approach helps facilitate compelling storytelling. According to Furfaro, the team discusses the content it’s going to release – and develops an interesting way to say it – before sending the messages back to the scientists to double check for accuracy. “We act as translators when we explain and decode complex science concepts and jargon,” she says. “And we work together to communicate these complex concepts in a way that compels the public to want to learn more.”
After every major campaign, the NASA team debriefs, reviews performance, and re-evaluates their tactics to ensure they’re telling stories in the most interesting and effective way possible. They’re also constantly monitoring and benchmarking the performance of all content assets, across all accounts.
This level of reporting and the depth of insights help generate and sustain buy-in from executives, who often encourage the team to test fresh approaches and harness new platforms to tell NASA’s story.
Townsend says when the team is evaluating a new network or strategy, it considers such questions as: Is there a new audience? Can they differentiate one account from one another? Is there a way to re-cast an existing account to cover a slightly wider breadth of content?
“At the end of the day, if you’re not measuring what you’re doing, you’re not succeeding at being able to improve, learn from what’s going on, and roll that up into your next actions,” he explains. “Having a core team that’s able to translate those goals into action is absolutely vital to the success that we’ve had here.”
Image source: NASA
As a government organization, NASA is prohibited from using taxpayer dollars to pay for sponsored content. No paid campaigns. No banner ads. Not even a boosted post. “Everything we are doing is organic,” Townsend says. At a time when most companies struggle with dwindling organic reach, NASA continues to soar thanks to it die-hard community of followers.“We’re able to take that arm chair enthusiast – someone who’s just casually following us – and turn them into a brand ambassador for NASA.”
During a government shutdown several years ago when the team was unable to publish content on social media, NASA’s followers stepped in and continued to discuss space news for the few weeks that the social team was inactive. Passionate social users created a hashtag called “things NASA might tweet,” and put out thousands and thousands of posts during the government shutdown. Topics covered NASA’s Juno spacecraft flying past Earth, a meteorite that landed in a Russian lake, the origin of mysteriously bright supernovas, and much more.
“The community has really been one of the greatest assets that the social media program here has built and brought together,” says Townsend. “We’re able to take that arm chair enthusiast – someone who’s just casually following us – and turn them into a brand ambassador for NASA.”
Social media is the latest chapter in NASA’s storied history of publicizing its activities and discoveries. Reflecting the spirit of the famed black-and-white moon landing broadcast in 1969, the NASA of today engages the public in real time with the goal of educating people – from all walks of life – not just on space, but also about its many other programs, such as climate change initiatives and aeronautics.
“A lot of kids growing up, they have the thought in the back of their head that, ‘One day I’m going to grow up and be an astronaut,’”says Townsend. “And while not everyone can grow up and be an astronaut, we want to reawaken the kid inside of them and inspire a little sense of curiosity and that sense of discovery.” | <urn:uuid:148ec43b-478e-4109-bf15-36a928aa428a> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://www.sprinklr.com/the-way/nasas-wildly-successful-social-media-program/ | 2016-09-29T06:43:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661779.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00182-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945123 | 1,606 |
YouTuber Repurposes a 50 Year-Old Classic Volkswagen With Tesla Parts
What if you love all-electric vehicles and classic cars? How do you manage to combine both?
YouTube video blogger Louis Cole from FunForLouis managed to do that by converting a vintage classic 50-year-old Volkswagen bus into an electric vehicle. The best part? He did it all with no prior knowledge of such projects.
This means that by watching his video you may be able to do it too, provided you have enough resources, time, and energy. Cole made the whole conversion using only Tesla parts and he says he has never been so proud of an achievement.
The orange van used to always fall apart when Cole first bought it and this is what made him decide to go all-electric. The process was far from easy, as the video shows, and the van even caught fire. Cole can be seen rushing to take it out with a fire extinguisher.
However, in the end, it did prove successful. We wonder: could this be the first Volkswagen all-electric vehicle with only Tesla parts or are there more out there?
It is probably the first of its kind but we hope it inspires other amateur mechanics to follow suit and take on their own DIY electric van projects. | <urn:uuid:1292cdac-1fdb-4752-be87-a4458816aac9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://interestingengineering.com/video/youtuber-repurposes-a-50-year-old-classic-volkswagen-with-tesla-parts | 2022-08-19T06:05:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00558.warc.gz | en | 0.958734 | 261 |
A COMPLETE PATTERN on ONE SHEET OF TISSUE 3 EASY STEPS ... PIN . . . CUT . . . SEW. Choice of Neckline (VI) High or (V2) Low and Wide in front . .. V in back. Contrast Bias Fold Tape outlines neckline, armhole binding ties in bow at shoulders. Four piece flared skirt, side seam pockets. Ribbon sash or novelty belt. Back zipper in both versions. A "Sew Easy" Pattern.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
[insert your photos of this pattern made up]
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!] | <urn:uuid:afdb31ad-8b93-456c-9d5a-fcb6a6d6f0c6> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://vintagepatterns.wikia.com/wiki/Advance_8293 | 2017-04-29T17:43:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123549.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00010-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.799787 | 152 |
At the tender age of 83 - much too late - Lou Henson this weekend was enshrined alongside the nation\u2019s 75 greatest collegiate coaches, many of whom he competed against. He will now rub shoulders for all time with the greats of the game: John Wooden, Mike Krzyzewski, Dean Smith and others who have been inducted into the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in Kansas City. Those joining Henson in the new class were coach Don Donaher (Dayton) and players John Havlicek (Ohio State), Charlie Scott (North Carolina), Quinn Buckner (Indiana), Rolando Blackman (Kansas State) and Ed Ratleff (Long Beach State). This organization, initiated by collegiate coaches in 2006, is dedicated and focused on college basketball and complements the earlier and more board-based Naismith Hall of Fame in Springfield, Mass. Henson was the star of the event with 43 relatives on hand and numerous fans, assistant coaches and former players, including three from his original team at Hardin-Simmons. The DIA\u2019s Chris Tuttle and Howard Milton organized a Thursday night Illini alumni affair at which Henson spoke. The Kansas City hosts were amazed at the Henson turnout, which surpassed the others. After Friday\u2019s 1 p.m. press conference, at which Cincinnati great Oscar Robertson spoke, Henson and the new inductees walked the red carpet prior to their formal induction. Attending were DIA leaders Paul Kowalczyk and Jason Lener, who later flew to Minnesota for Saturday\u2019s football game, and Northwestern athletic director Jim Phillips. Henson\u2019s record was unique in many aspects, his official number of 779 victories coming at three programs that were drastically down when he took over. And his final tour at New Mexico State began with Coach volunteering his services in 1997-98 for $1 per month. A year later he made his 19th and last appearance in the NCAA tournament with a 23-10 Aggie team. It began and ended in Las Cruces, N.M. After coaching three state high school championship teams there, the native Oklahoman broke the racial barrier at Hardin-Simmons and posted two 20-6 records in his four seasons. New Mexico State had won four games prior to his arrival in 1966, and made five immediate NCAA appearances including a Final Four in 1970. Illinois had 5-18 and 8-18 seasons before he took the UI job in 1975 and, after a grinding start, Henson\u2019s Illini were granted top four NCAA seeds on seven occasions in the 1980s, and reached the Final Four in 1989. In a 13-year period ending in 1990-91, Henson\u2019s Illini won 294 games, an average of 22.6 per year. This was during the Big Ten heyday when, from 1976 through 1989, Indiana won three NCAA titles and Michigan State and Michigan captured one apiece. For all his success, it was the UI\u2019s misfortune under Henson to suffer frustratingly close losses in NCAA play, those efforts often complicated (in 1984 and 1989) by key injuries. Nine of those tournament failures came by six points or less, and most of them were undecided until the final seconds. Most memorable was the 83-81 Final Four loss to Michigan, marking the end of a Flying Illini team that had captured the nation\u2019s imagination. Henson rose on the national scene in 1966-67 when his Miracle Midgets twice upset defending national champion Texas Western, and his New Mexico State quintets went on to defeat Don Haskins\u2019 club 10 straight. Henson also had an 8-game win streak against fellow Hall of Famer Norm Stewart and Missouri in St. Louis as they turned the Braggin\u2019 Rights shootout into a pre-Christmas spectacular. Discounting coaches who did not earn their victories at major Division 1 schools, Henson stands 10th behind Krzyzewski on the all-time list. He would actually rank No. 8, and ahead of Lute Olson (780) and Lefty Driesell (786) if 18 wins hadn\u2019t been removed at New Mexico State for academic improprieties by the previous coach, Neil McCarthy. In actuality, Henson\u2019s college teams won 797 games before his career was cut short by illness (non-Hodgkins Lymphoma) during the 2004-05 season. He has recovered significantly but remains on a chemotherapy regimen which will resume next week when he returns to Champaign. Meanwhile, he is enjoying fellowship with the college greats of the past, from Wilt the Stilt to Adolph Rupp, and from former Illini Whiz Kid Andy Phillip to Shaquille O\u2019Neal. Columnist Loren Tate write for the Champaign News-Gazette. | <urn:uuid:0118c51a-ed53-4fa7-aeff-d2a9b47a081d> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://www.thetelegraph.com/sports/articleComments/TATE-Henson-is-at-long-last-in-the-hall-of-fame-12601278.php | 2022-06-25T20:47:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103036099.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625190306-20220625220306-00744.warc.gz | en | 0.978815 | 1,013 |
The relationship between game genres, learning techniques and learning styles in educational computer games
Rapeepisarn, K., Wong, K.W., Fung, C.C. and Khine, M.S. (2008) The relationship between game genres, learning techniques and learning styles in educational computer games. In: Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment, Third International Conference, Edutainment 2008, 25-27 June 2008, Nanjing, China pp. 497-508.
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Educational computer game has many similar characteristics like any other genres of games. However its particular aspect is designed to teach, and in which main objective involves in learning a topic. To develop an effective educational computer game, different game genres, learning activities and techniques, and learning styles are important issues for consideration. This paper presents an analysis by comparing and establishing relationships between the game genres and learning techniques based on the types of learning and potential game style of Prensky and learning styles based on the study of Chong et al. .
|Publication Type:||Conference Paper|
|Murdoch Affiliation:||School of Information Technology|
|Copyright:||(c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008|
|Item Control Page|
Downloads per month over past year | <urn:uuid:8cc7ad34-64c9-448b-8349-0ba1e4c41eba> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/637/ | 2014-09-01T19:23:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535919886.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909055139-00472-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874121 | 272 |
K99 - free form education school presents
November 26, 2014, Wednesday, 19:00
Where does the feeling of guilt emerge?
100 uah per two visitors.
For students and pensioners: 40 uah
(you have to show a document).
We kindly ask you to inform us about your visit at
Tatiana Tsvelodub - founder of the Museum of Dreams in Kiev,
a practicing psychoanalyst.
Graduated from the National Academy
of Fine Arts and Architecture (NAFAA), Faculty of Arts,
International Institute of depth psychology (MIGP). P>
Additional education: The course "Self-Psychology. Technique H.Kohuta
with narcissistic personality disorders" (Ukraine), Course "Contemporary forms
of psychopathology" (France), Course "Psychoanalysis J. Lacan"
(St. Petersburg, Russia), Course "Child psychoanalysis F. Dalto "(St. Petersburg, Russia),
"Psychoanalysis and transformational linguistics" International Institute
of Depth Psychology (Kiev, Ukraine),
Advanced training course "Psychoanalytic
theory and clinical Freudian-Lacanian"
East European Institute of Psychoanalysis
(St. Petersburg, Russia), XVII Seminar "to the logic of a love life," Freud′s Field
(St. Petersburg, Russia),
XVIII Workshop Freud′s field in Ukraine on "Symptom"
(Donetsk, Ukraine), Freud′s Seminar XX Fields topic: "Subject to psychosis"
Works in Psychoanalytic Room.
Your Museum of Dreams.
Expand your limits - live brighter! | <urn:uuid:f05e40d2-32ce-4224-ad78-a4422be2456a> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | http://dream-museum.com.ua/en/showEvent.php?id=183 | 2017-08-18T08:53:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104631.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818082911-20170818102911-00179.warc.gz | en | 0.75379 | 347 |
After 2000, it became increasingly clear that mobile phones were the preferred way most people in the United States and elsewhere wanted to use voice services, as shown by the steady growth of mobile phone use, and the simultaneous abandonment of fixed voice services. That has created a major “stranded assets”problem, as networks covering large percentages of the potential buyer base actually generate revenue from half, or far less than half, of potential customer sites.
The new issue is the degree to which consumer demand for internet access might begin to whittle away at fixed network internet access, especially on telco fixed networks, which have steadily lost market share to cable TV alternatives.
Unlimited mobile data plans already largely eliminate the advantage fixed internet access services have had in the “cost per megabyte or cost per gigabyte” area. Further networks (advanced 4G and 5G) will largely eliminate the speed advantage fixed networks have had, as well.
Stranded assets are a growing business model issue for large tier-one service providers. Consider that, between 2012 and 2015, U.S. fixed network switched voice connections dropped from 96 million to 64.6 million, a decline of 33 percent in just three years.
Of course, some additional lines were supplied by telcos, using voice over internet protocol platforms, so the extent of the voice services loss is less than appears, looking only at switched line loss.
The point is that nearly half of the total voice market now is supplied by attacking service providers, not telcos.
In other words, a fixed network built to serve “everyone” is used by about half of homes passed. That means the cost to serve each customer is twice as much as it used to be, as customers wind up paying for network investment that is stranded, and does not generate revenue.
Assume there are about 126 million U.S. households, about 98 percent of which are passed by a telco network. That implies some 123.5 million locations, of which perhaps 53 percent buy voice service.
That means the whole telco voice network derives revenue from about 65 million homes, or perhaps 52 percent of locations. And the problem seems to be getting worse, as consumers seem to be buying fewer telco fixed voice lines every year. For the market as a whole, that is offset by consumers buying cable TV fixed voice services, but even cable operators now are losing voice accounts.
Matters are worse for telcos in the internet access source. According to Leichtman Research, of 123.5 million U.S. households, telcos sell internet access to about 34.9 million homes, or about 28 percent of locations. So the long term issue is whether a fixed network selling services to such a smallish number of homes passed can survive.
Telcos have the same problem with video customers, as telco fixed networks represent about 10 million accounts, or some eight percent of accounts.
This blog was originally published on Spectrum Futures. | <urn:uuid:2a76cafe-e064-434c-8472-b86585944a29> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.ptc.org/2017/04/stranded-assets-a-growing-issue-for-fixed-network-providers/ | 2021-03-07T12:36:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178376467.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20210307105633-20210307135633-00106.warc.gz | en | 0.967905 | 610 |
Dr. Amon L. Funderburk has been practicing medicine for 48 years. Dr. Funderburk graduated from the Wake Forest University School of Medicine in 1966. He practices medicine in Winston-Salem, NC and specializes in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism and Internal Medicine. Dr. Funderburk is affiliated with Novant Health Medical Park Hospital and Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center.
Years in Practice: 48 Years
Languages Spoken: English
Medical School: Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Graduation Date: 1966
Specialties: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Internal Medicine | <urn:uuid:e054c163-1cae-4d72-94cf-571b244405ea> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://doctor.webmd.com/doctor/amon-funderburk-md-3c8a2afd-108d-4d5f-aa93-b0e3d6421522-overview?d=18.7 | 2014-09-21T20:14:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657135930.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011215-00244-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.85873 | 131 |
5 minutes with natural beauty, Emmily Banks
NATURAL MAKE-UP ARTIST AND HAIR STYLIST
I CAN’T LIVE WITHOUT … the beach! The healing and calming energy of the ocean is a big part of balancing my life. I have always lived within a 5 minute walk to the beach and it never ceases to make me ridiculously happy.
I RELAX BY … enjoying alone time. It’s vital for me to have my own space and clear my mind. I often burn Lavender, ylang ylang and geranium oil and listen to relaxing music in my beautiful abode to unwind.
I LIKE TO … run, a lot. As much as I enjoy quiet, relaxation time I also love high intensity exercise; it gives me so much energy and always leaves me with a radiant healthy glow. I also love to cook. There’s nothing more satisfying than creating a nutritious feast for myself and loved ones.
I THINK BEAUTY IS … first and foremost, a kind soul – I believe people radiate beauty with a big open heart and warm smile. Secondly, a healthy natural glow that comes from living and eating well; flawless skin, bright white teeth and clear eyes are all a sign of a healthy and happy lifestyle.
MY FAVOURITE BEAUTY TREATMENT THAT LEAVES ME LOOKING AND FEELING NATURALLY BEAUTIFUL IS … exercise. I wish I could maintain the natural glow my skin emits just after a run! I also love using organic coconut oil as an all over moisturizer, it leaves me feeling, smelling and looking delicious whilst nourishing and protecting my skin.
MY NUMBER ONE BEAUTY TIP IS … be fresh faced as often as possible. Let your skin breathe, wash your makeup off and cleanse your skin properly. Always cleanse and moisturize with natural and organic products to nourish your skin and body.
WHAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT PEARL OF WISDOM THAT YOU WISH YOU COULD BROADCAST TO THE WORLD? learn to love yourself, it’s not vein or bad to think you are awesome! I truly believe it’s the secret to happiness, for when you have self-love, you attract so much beauty into your life because you know you deserve the best… and you create it. No one else is responsible for your happiness apart from you.. take responsibility for your thoughts, beliefs and life – create your dream reality. Only when you are living a positive happy life of self-love can you really love and help others.
WHAT IS IT INSPIRES YOU TO DO WHAT YOU DO? I feel inspired to focus my energy on making a positive change to people’s life. My guess is that at least 90% of people use beauty and skincare products, whether it is just deodorant, shampoo or a moisturiser (not to mention makeup, hair care, sunscreen and other personal care products). If I can help consumers make more educated decisions and support healthier alternatives that are better for the environment and our health, I will be one happy lady!
Emmily Banks is a freelance makeup artist and hair stylist based in Sydney, Australia. Her passion, love and skill for the art has led her to extensive work experience within the beauty and fashion industry.
Emmily loves to use natural makeup within her work, published in various magazines including Shop Til You Drop, Culture, and Bride to Be magazines as well as the cover of Australian Traveller Magazine.
She has also worked on various Editorial, Film, Fashion and Beauty shoots. Top labels include Wonders Cease, Carla Capri, Handsome, Ctee, Bianca Gomez, Eloise Rapp and Dodger & Navajo. She also regularly works for reputable online stores, The Iconic and Le Black Book.
Celebrity clients include Carmen Smith (The Voice), Cathy Freeman, Suzie O’Niell and Leisel Jones (Australian Olympic Team).
Emmily also specialises in Bridal and special occasion makeup.
Watch this space, as Emmily develops her Depths of Beauty business, which will see her not only practicing as a natural makeup artist but also an advocate for healthy beauty, with training sessions in the pipeline. | <urn:uuid:7bcee7d2-2568-463f-a40b-f40d92930845> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://benaturallyou.com/emmily-banks/ | 2018-04-24T22:47:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947421.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424221730-20180425001730-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.93073 | 887 |
There were answers Monday to questions posed by Warren Main Street to City Council regarding the mess that is and was the Allegheny Center for the Arts building project and loan, though the answers may have produced as many more questions.
And, an an apology was ordered to be delivered to Warren Main Street for the city's dunning letter regarding a debt Main Street doesn't believe it owes.
Given the issuance of the apology, it appears that on close inspection by legal minds, Main Street is not, indeed, responsible for the rabbit hole down which hundreds of thousands of dollars went while the ACA building itself lies fallow.
There was, however, at least a proposal to attempt to unravel the tangle that has an Erie conractor still wanting payment for work on the project which ceased many months ago.
City Councilman Dr. Howard Ferguson offered a motion to establish meetings involving all of the stakeholders in the ACA building project, including the contractor and representatives of City Council to sit down and iron out the problems. If nothing else, it will be interesting to see just who all the stakeholders are, since during GROWarren's active life, it lived behind a haze of secrecy.
In all likelihood, these meetings as well will be private in nature, since some of the entities involved will insist on cloaking the discussions to protect their privacy.
And that has been the problem with GROWarren from its inception in virtual secrecy nearly three years ago. That has, more than anything else, fostered suspicion and distrust within the Warren community, suspicion and distrust that has spilled onto the public partner in the organization: Warren City Council.
We applaud Ferguson's suggestion, adopted by council, as a way to at least move the issue off of dead center and work toward some closure to the issue. We're sure Council would like to put the whole thing behind it.
We just hope the exercise doesn't become a broom to sweep the whole matter into some forgotten trash bin. | <urn:uuid:bc2fdb7f-e0be-4944-a788-fc41440a9845> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.timesobserver.com/page/content.detail/id/555970/Moving-off-dead-center.html?nav=5008 | 2015-09-05T14:17:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440646312602.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827033152-00301-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972885 | 399 |
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. - The USA spring nationals on April 1-5 promised to be more interesting than past championships at this time of year because it served as the selection meet, in part, for the 1998 Goodwill Games (July 28-Aug. 2). But the chance to compete in an international competition this summer in New York didn't attract very many more of the top swimmers. And some came to the University of Minnesota indoor aquatic centre not fully tapered; others with no rest.
The Goodwill team of 18 men and 18 women was chosen based on the fastest times in the Games' events (there is no 1500 or 400 IM) from either the World Championship finals or this nationals. More than a few swimmers declined a spot on the U.S. team because the Goodwill Games end just nine days prior to the U.S. summer nationals. That competition in Clovis, California, serves as the selection meet for four 1999 international championships (Pan Pac, Pan Am, World University, and Short Course Worlds).
Most interested in the Goodwill Games were those swimmers out of college who are eligible to collect the prize money being offered and have swimwear contracts that give bonuses for participation in the Games, which are to be televised on TBS and CBS.
Tom Dolan could easily have skipped this nationals or trained through it. He wasn't seeking a Goodwill berth because it didn't include the 400 IM. Being a distance swimmer, the nationals at this time was a bad fit, coming less than three months following the World Championships and with the need to train for the important summer nationals.
Nonetheless, Dolan became the first man to win four titles in two different nationals. He first did it in 1994. The other four-time champs are Mark Spitz (1972) and Chad Carvin (1997).
Dolan breezed to victories in the 400 and 800 freestyle (3:52.75, 8:00.80) and 400 IM (4:16.39). After swimming those tough distance events, he was tired in warmups and wondered if he had anything left for the 200 IM the final day. Still, the former Michigan swimmer took it out hard (26.68, 57.93, 1:32.78) and enjoyed an uncharacteristic lead over the fast-starter Ron Karnaugh. Dolan kept a body-length advantage to the finish, winning in 2:01.61 to Karnaugh's 2:02.63.
"Tonight was my best swim," he said. "I really wanted to win four titles. Anytime you have the opportunity to do something of that magnitude, you have to take advantage of it."
Unlike Dolan, Ashley Tappin was competing in her first big meet in two years. She retired two years ago after having rotator-cuff surgery on her left shoulder, an injury that forced the 1992 Olympian to miss the 1996 U.S. Olympic trials. She launched a comeback this fall.
Fully tapered for her return to national competition, the ex-University of Arizona competitor, 23, had the meet of her life. She swam personal bests in winning the sprints (25.54, 55.28) and 100 fly (59.84) and also took the 200 free in 2:01.99. The last woman to win four events at a nationals was Kristine Quance in 1992. The modern record (records before 1972 are incomplete) is five by Tracy Caulkins in 1978. Tappin's times made her the fifth-fastest American of all time in the 50 and sixth-fastest in the 100.
There were doubters about her comeback. Tappin recalled, "I was burning a little bit because I would hear ‘She's washed up.' They were saying there was no way I could come back. It was neat to prove a lot of people wrong and to prove to me I was right."
Tappin had to rally from behind in two of her victories. In the 200, she overtook Sarah Tolar during the final lap and held on to beat Ashley Whitney, an Olympic gold medallist in the 800 free relay. She passed former national champion Richelle Fox (nee Depold) in the final strokes of the 100 fly.
A fifth title was in the minds of both Dolan and Tappin. However, there is now a rule at nationals limiting swimmers to four individual events. Dolan would have added the 200 back to his schedule, and Tappin the 100 back.
Gary Hall made the Goodwill team in the sprints. Hall, who finished runnerup to Alexander Popov at the Olympics, didn't make the World Championship team in either sprint. He was back in form here with victories in 22.40 and 49.60, both faster than the winning times at last year's summer nationals-the World selection meet.
The 23-year-old from Phoenix swam the 50 in unorthodox fashion, taking a breath on each of his 14 strokes instead of the normal one or two.
"I took three breaths this morning and it felt good," explained Hall. "It was just some showmanship on my part." Hall admitted he felt some pressure to do well here.
"It was painful for me to sit in the stands for the World Championships," he added. "I could have done well there. This was a redemption for me. I am looking forward to a rematch with Popov. This will be the first time he loses the 100 since 1991."
The women's breaststroke, as always seems to be the case, featured a couple of rapidly improving youngsters. Ashley Roby, 17, of Athens (Ga.) and Megan Quann, 14, from Puyallup (Wash.) swam 1:09.51 and 1:09.56, respectively, in the 100 breast prelims to make them the fifth- and seventh-fastest Americans in history. In the final, Quann got out ahead and was never headed. She won in 1:09.42 to replace Roby, second in 1:09.70, as the fifth-fastest of all time and win the Phillips Performance Award given to the meet's best performance.
"I just wanted to be out ahead of her (Roby)," said Quann, whose personal best was a high 1:14 going into the meet. "I'm usually out faster and have to push really hard the second half of the race."
Quann wasn't the only impressive youngster from Puyallup, a small club located near Seattle. Jamie Reid, also 14, came from behind to touch out Stanford signee Shelly Ripple of Bengal Tiger in 1:03.96 and earn female Rookie of the Meet honors.
"It's neat to see you can be small and still be competitive," said Puyallup coach Richard Benner, whose club has only 100 swimmers. "There is an advantage to being small. You work with kids from their start when they are under 10 and develop the correct mechanics and technique so when they become 14, they can swim effectively."
Benner is allowing both his youngsters to compete at the Goodwill Games. The former assistant to Foxcatcher's Dick Shoulberg says, "We appreciate the opportunity to gain international experience while staying in the United States. It would be hard for them to travel abroad at their young age."
Ian Crocker,15, from Portland, Maine, collected the male Rookie of the Year award for placing second in the 200 free to 25-year-old Josh Davis (1:50.51). Crocker's time was 1:51.57.
Maggie Bowen, 17, third at last year's summer nationals in the 200 IM, was another swift youngster. The Sunkist (Miss.) swimmer dropped a second and a half to win in 2:14.60, lifting her to sixth on the all-time U.S. 200 IM list.
Lake Erie's Diana Munz, the 15-year-old silver medallist in the 800 at the Worlds, took advantage of Brooke Bennett choosing not to rest and swept the distance frees (4:12.05, 8:35.28, 16:20.93). Munz comes from a distance program, doing from 16,000 to 18,000 a day. Bennett, the gold medallist in the 800 at Perth, placed second in that event and 12th in the 400.
Although Maddy Crippen was sixth at the World Championship in the 400 IM, the Foxcatcher (Pa.) swimmer won a national title for the first time with an easy 4:43.72 win on her third shave of the year. The highly recruited Crippen, 17, has decided to stay in Philadelphia and will attend Villanova in the fall.
Other first-time titlists among the age groupers were 17-year-old Patrick Fowler of Bellevue (Wash.) and 15-year-olds Natalie Coughlin of the Terrapins (Calif.) and Katie Yevak from the Kansas City Blazers. Fowler, who earlier this year bettered Nelson Diebel's independent high school record in the 100 yard breast, dropped three seconds in the 200 breast to win in 2:16.16. Coughlin, a qualifier for the championships in every event, took the 200 back in 2:14.16. Yevak recovered after losing the lead to nip Jenna Street, the World Championship bronze medallist, in 2:31.12.
Lauren Stinnett, 17, of Curl-Burke captured her second national title easily in the 200 fly in 2:12.99.
While swimmers from the women's NCAAs two weeks previous skipped the meet en masse (not a single champion showed up), the small contingent of competitors from the previous week's men's college championships made a significant mark with six victories.
Stanford freshman Steve Brown, the NCAA runnerup in the 400 IM and 200 fly, thrived on his second shave. His personal best of 1:58.92 took the 200 fly and elevated him to ninth on the all-time U.S. list.
"I usually try to come from behind," said Brown, who led the race throughout. "Maybe the long taper gave me more speed."
Olympic silver medallist Jeremy Linn, coming off his third NCAA title in the 100 breast, withstood fast-closing Fowler in a tight finish, 1:01.87 to 1:01.96.
"I know Fowler is a good finisher and I had to hold him off," said Linn, 22. "I swam bad at the Worlds (didn't make finals), so I feel good to do that (time)."
Michigan freshman Chris Thompson, the NCAA 1650 runnerup, felt he must get out fast with some negative splitters in the field. He was ahead the entire way for his second national title in the 1500. His time of 15:26.17 surprised Thompson, considering it was his third taper in the past month.
"I was hoping for 15:40," he said. "It's got to be the Michigan program. Jon Urbanchek and Eric Namesnik. They are incredible coaches. The Michigan program has worked perfect for me."
Georgia's Robert Brewer, who is finally near 100 percent following back surgery in 1995, wanted to make up for a bad outing at the NCAAs. He did with a personal-best 55.54 triumph.
"I felt my taper was off at the NCAAs," said Brewer, ninth at the college meet. "It just took an extra week. I'm a senior and came here to give it one more shot."
Croatian Gordon Kozulj made his first appearance at a U.S. nationals a good one, beating Olympic gold medallist Brad Bridgewater in the 200 back. Kozulj, third at the NCAAs, won in 2:00.50.
With the meet at their pool, the University of Minnesota showed up 33 strong. The men's squad won the team title with 238 points, including a victory in the 100 fly by junior Martin Zielinski in 54.17.
Bolles School parlayed a win in the women's 800 relay and a lot of depth to capture both the overall team championship (410 points) and the women's (296). The age group powerhouse Terrapins from Concord, California, placed second in each category. | <urn:uuid:37f077a2-56e5-4834-bc8e-cd2a580b1630> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://www.swimnews.com/Magazine/1998/aprmag98/usnatsmain.shtml | 2017-12-18T08:53:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948612570.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20171218083356-20171218105356-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.977384 | 2,607 |
A Lake Zurich resident said he and a dozen other parents plan to speak out against a proposal to start random drug testing at Lake Zurich High School.
Keith Petropoulos, who has five children in Lake Zurich Unit District 95, said he and others have strong fears about the proposal to be discussed Thursday at 6:15 p.m. during a special school board committee meeting.
"If the drug testing passes through the board of education, our community will be convicted," Petropoulos said.
Among his myriad concerns are the children's' right to be protected from unreasonable search, the fear of taking responsibility from parents and put in the hands of the district, and consequences resulting from positive testing.
"Minors could get in panicked situations and confess to things that didn't happen," Petropoulos said.
He plans to attend the meeting and present a five-minute speech, and claims the district has not shown sufficient reasoning for the need for drug tests.
"There was allegedly going to be a partnership between the school district, parents, and law enforcement. However, the school has bypassed this and is already talking about procedures and policies of a drug testing program without showing us that there is a drug problem," he said.
Petropoulos said he heard remarks by Police Chief Patrick Finlon during a previous town meeting and claimed Finlon said there isn't a drug problem in Lake Zurich.
Finlon said he had done a presentation on police responses and surveys of students.
"What I would convey here is that Lake Zurich High School is no different from any other high school and that the community itself does not have any worse of a problem than others," he said.
School board President Kathy Brown said nothing has been set in stone about random drug testing.
"The purpose of the meeting tomorrow night is for the board to discuss with the administration the process that would take place if, and I repeat if, this drug testing program were implemented," Brown said, "We are fully aware of this particular gentleman's concerns."
Those concerns and other issues will be discussed Thursday, she said.
Public schools cannot make every student submit to drug tests, courts have ruled. Only pupils involved in clubs, sports or other extracurricular activities can be forced to do so.
Antioch and Lakes high schools are among the Lake County schools that have drug testing programs in place.
The meeting will be in the Lake Zurich High School library, 300 Church St. | <urn:uuid:cca169e7-f501-45ba-8918-2e02f1c2a30c> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20110706/news/707069802/ | 2016-08-31T05:26:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471983577646.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823201937-00170-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979191 | 501 |
5. Lone Wolf and Cub: White Heaven In Hell (1974)
Based on the manga series (Kozure Ōkami) by Kazuo Koike and Goseki Kojima, the Lone Wolf and Cub series of six films depicts the trail of blood-stained vengeance taken by Ogami Ittō, the former official executioner for the Shogunate, and his very young son, who he pushes along in a wood-and-bamboo baby cart rigged with more weapons than 007’s Aston Martin. When his wife is murdered by the Yagyu clan’s assassins and Ogami is disgraced so they can put one of their own in his vacated office, he hits the road, he and his son “living as demons”, obeying no master and respecting no law, while Ogami rents out the services of his highly lethal swordsmanship for 500 gold pieces per job. Along the way, the Yagyu clan repeatedly tries to kill him, and Ogami returns the favor a thousand times over.
Of the six films, I’ve chosen to focus here on the last, and I think the most overlooked, of the series. The Yagyu, now down to very few members, turn to an obscure branch of their clan for help in defeating Ogami Ittō: a group of ninjas who bury themselves in clay pots for an extended period of time, and when they’re brought back up they have the power to dig through the earth like moles. The ninjas wage psychological warfare on Ogami, informing him they’ll kill anyone who comes in contact with or turns to for aid. Eventually he leads them to a snowy mountaintop where their final confrontation will take place.
White Heaven In Hell wisely maintains the one-man-against-an-army motif that had become the standard by the middle films of the series, but goes further by capping things off with a unique show-stopper: Ogami, astride his wooden baby cart fitted with makeshift skis, slaloms down the snowy slope of a mountain, hacking and slashing at men as he flies by. Star Tomisaburo Wakayama deserves credit for having the guts to perform the stunt—that’s clearly him in the long-distance shots, creating one of the most indelible images of the series.
If there are any complaints regarding this film, the only one worth noting would be that the story feels inconclusive. The story in manga form is quite long, ending in the deaths of both Ogami and Retsudo Yaygu, his mortal enemy. Here, Yagyu escapes, and Ogami and his son Daigoro continue on their way. It’s too bad this great series didn’t continue the tale in additional episodes, but what there is makes for unforgettable viewing.
4. 13 Assassins (2011)
The evil half-brother of the Shogun sadistically tortures and murders people for his own amusement, seemingly without any fear of reprisal. This is bad enough, but there stands a chance that he might rise to the highest office in the land, and no one who is aware of his activities wants to see what will happen if he does. Secretly, a band of ronin is assembled with one purpose in mind: to kill the monstrous lord, along with whatever retinue he has with him, as he travels the road back to his fiefdom. They plan to reroute his path into a small village decked with various traps and explosives, hoping that their strategy will help them to overcome the superior numbers of their enemy.
Director Takashi Miike might well be the world’s most prolific filmmaker, as well as its most innovative. Anyone familiar with his work knows he is not averse to an extreme level of screen violence, and has probably done more to push the envelope in that regard than any other living director. So it comes as a bit of a surprise to see that, when given the chance to helm a top-drawer samurai epic, he shows an unusual tendency toward restraint. Don’t let that fool you; 13 Assassins is an incredibly violent film, but it avoids to a large extent the bloody excesses of, say, Ichi The Killer or Audition.
The action feels more like that of a samurai picture from the 60’s, yet cranked up to a grand scale. And of course there are the hallmark touches of the film’s director: the scene in which an armless, legless girl, one of the evil daimyo’s more recent victims, writes out a note with a paintbrush clenched in her teeth, is vintage Miike, as are the bizarre, almost comic-book traps the assassins plant throughout the ambush site. After years of producing unique, indescribably strange, genre-bending work at a relentless pace, Takashi Miike shows no signs of letting up, and continues to push himself in exciting and creative new directions.
3. Samurai Assassin (1965)
In 1860, after Commodore Perry’s warships brought the implied threat to the Shogunate of what would happen if it didn’t sign a trade deal with the US, a group of assassins lay in wait for Elder Ii Naosuke’s procession at the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle. He wishes to push toward opening Japan’s ports to the West, ending a centuries-old policy of isolation, and has employed a series of violent purges to erase all resistance. Unfortunately for him, pockets of opposition still exist, angered by his bloody tactics and unshakable in their support of the status quo.
Samurai Assassin covers the (somewhat fictionalized) events leading up to this moment, focusing on Niiro Tsuruchiyo, played by Toshiro Mifune, a ronin who desires to become a titled samurai with all of the attendant status and wealth. Nothing could be more important to him, having years before suffered the bitter disappointment of being forbidden to marry the woman he loved because of his checkered lineage. But it’s not enough to fight on the side of a clan that might grant him what he wants if they succeed in their assassination plot; his fellow conspirators suspect him of being an informer, and when his name is cleared, they turn their suspicions on his best friend, who he is ordered to kill to prove his loyalty.
Worse, Niiro has a noble pedigree he’s completely unaware of, and that has been kept a secret for political reasons. Having unnecessarily murdered his friend and survived an attack staged by his supposed compatriots, he shows up for the fateful appointment at Edo Castle on the morning of March 3rd (the generally accepted date of the incident) that will change his destiny and that of Japan.
Director Kihachi Okamoto liked to tweak the nose of the notion of samurai honor, and nowhere does he accomplish that with a more cynical sense of irony than in Samurai Assassin. For Mifune’s character to become a samurai, in light of the changes about to take place during the Meiji Restoration, would be an empty gesture—in a short time the title of samurai would come to mean next to nothing.
When the plot point is revealed (spoilers) that Niiro’s unknown father is in fact Ii Naosuke himself (likely not an historical fact but added by the filmmakers for thematic reasons) it only serves to put an exclamation point on the idea that Mifune, obliviously, is completely destroying his place in the world. True to much of the director’s other work, combat between samurai is savage, bloody, and prolonged, further de-glamorizing the glorified ideal of a warrior’s life.
2. The Sword Of Doom (1966)
Based on a novel by Kaizan Nakazato that was for years the longest written work in the Japanese language, Kihachi Okamoto’s The Sword Of Doom follows the exploits of the ultimate anti-hero (Tatsuya Nakadai), a truly despicable and soulless samurai who appears to have no moral compass or conscience. He murders without thought, striking down an old man in the opening for no reason and later killing an opponent in what was supposed to be a non-lethal duel. He is a great swordsman, so good in fact that no one feels they can beat him, and so he goes about his various activities unhindered.
The younger brother of the man he killed during the duel seeks to kill him, but knows he cannot defeat his strange fighting style; another sword master, played by Toshiro Mifune, advises a certain technique that he believes can beat this unstoppable monster. Meanwhile, the amoral samurai has taken up with the former wife of his dead opponent, and joined the pro-Shogunate organization the Shinsengumi, all with a total detachment from everything and everyone around him. As time goes on he grows more insane, and finally loses all control in a brothel, where he fights a seemingly endless procession of attackers in a bloody battle to the death that sees no conclusion; the film ends on a freeze-frame of the villain in mid-stroke, madly slashing away in an unrelenting cycle of madness and death.
The Sword Of Doom stands as an incomparably eloquent statement on the moral emptiness that characterizes those who live a life grounded only in violence. That the story takes place toward the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate says a lot about its subtext—the way of the samurai, as it had been lived for the previous three hundred years, is essentially meaningless and heartless, and by allowing brutal psychopaths free reign to inflict suffering on the defenseless it betrays a hollowness at its core that can only lead to collapse. Nakadai, with the haunted eyes that gave his other roles such cinematic potency, is fantastic in the lead, a cold-blooded beast the audience can only hate with impotent frustration as he shows an unfailing knack for survival.
The famous freeze-frame ending, indicating a perpetual state of savagery, was actually not originally intended to be an enigmatic finale to a downbeat story. This film was supposed to be followed by two sequels (the source material is reportedly very long), but they never happened, and so we’re left with what was completed. Seen without the knowledge that the story was meant to continue in later films, the unresolved threads come across as bitter remonstrations about the futility of a warrior’s life in the face of an ugly, unforgiving world. A rewarding viewing experience, despite its pessimism.
1. Harakiri (1962)
A masterless samurai shows up at the house of the Iyi Clan asking to be allowed to commit seppeku (or harakiri) in their courtyard. With the number of ronin rising as the Shogunate dissolves one clan after another, this has become a distressingly common occurrence. The counselor of the house recounts to the new arrival the tale of another, younger ronin who had arrived earlier in the year, making the same request. Many of these ronin, he feels, aren’t sincere in their insistence that they want to die out of disgrace; many hope that clan leaders will be so impressed with their resolve that they’ll give the hapless ronin a position in their household.
Out of contempt, the clan leaders forced the young samurai to commit harakiri, clearly against his wishes, with agonizing slowness, as he was armed only with edgeless bamboo swords. The new ronin listens to the tale, ensuring the counselor that he fully intends to go through with the ritual. But as they begin to proceed, he informs the assembled household that he knew that he knew the first ronin well, following up with a story of personal tragedy and woe that will lead, once he has finished, to some measure of retribution for the young ronin who was compelled to kill himself in such a callous manner.
Harakiri is a masterpiece of painful, slow-burn revenge, as well as a dramatic on the nature of honer as interpreted through the bushido code of the samurai. The House of Iyi prides itself on its martial honor, and pushes a young samurai to commit harakiri in the most vicious manner possible because they feel his behavior disgraces bushido; yet when the time comes to die, his determination as he tears open his belly with a flat piece of bamboo more then vindicates him—something the Iyi higher-ups manage to overlook. When the older ronin arrives, he further points out the dishonesty lying beneath the veneer of honor they uphold—they are petty and cruel, not the measure of the martial code they claim to support.
From the film’s opening shot, where we see an empty suit of samurai armor staring blankly back at us, we understand some of what Harakiri is saying—bushido and claims to honor are meaningless and empty bluster without the sincerity to back them up. Such actions are rare in times of peace when professional soldiers tend to find themselves out of a job, a situation that becomes more galling when real fortitude is ignored in favor of hollow rituals (a theme the first seppeku scene underscores).
Gorgeously filmed in black and white, displaying startling shot composition and violent tableaus spattered in blood, Masaki Kobayashi’s Harakiri is not a samurai superhero tale—the audience does not experience the catharsis of flawless revenge, but rather observes the actions of a protagonist who sets out to prove a point, and he does. In keeping with the movie’s biggest theme, that point winds up being erased from official history.
Author Bio: Scot Mason lives in Tucson, AZ. He is the author of the blogs Hawaii Timewarp, Eastern Trails, Scotty’s Movies N’ Tunes, and Tucson Only Kind Of Sucks. He once lived in a shack in the middle of an abandoned sugercane field full of giant spiders and rats, because YOLO. | <urn:uuid:1dc56a25-588b-4b12-a301-bedf16e2b5c1> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2014/the-15-best-samurai-films-not-directed-by-akira-kurosawa/3/ | 2020-11-28T19:32:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195745.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128184858-20201128214858-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.965177 | 2,963 |
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Doctors Lounge - Cardiology Answers
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| Rob B
- Mon May 02, 2005 1:59 pm
I am 22 yrs old and away at school in a small town. i am really worried because i live in an apartment by myself and the docotors here seem to show no concern. I have been to the school doctor and emergency room.
It started about a week and a half ago i was sitting at my computer and it felt as if my left peck was was having muscle spasims, but it was more towards the center of my chest. It lasted for like 4 or 5 heart beats. My left hand went tingly. Ever sense then i have felt a weird flickering in my left chest. Sometimes I get a shortness of breath as if I can not take full breathes and if I talk i get out of breathe. I do ocassionally get a mild chest pain, but I have had alot of gas lately. I have also experinced some muscle spasims in my arms. My feases has also been a green color lately. another thing is i seem to be alittle dizzy sometimes and it seems whenever i get in a car I get really dizzy.
I wore the holter moniter and my doctor called me today and said that while i was wearing i had 2 I guess you can call them episodes. once when i was sleeping and one in the morning were my heart ray was extremely low. he said 34 Beats a minute. they also did blood work at the hospital, a sonagram on my heart and chest x-rays. But I did not here any results for any of them?
I know i have been extremely stressing lately becaus of this and I have not been fall ing asleep until 3 am or later. Also i am defintly getting anxeity but i do not know how much to contribute to that. I am extremely worried and do not trust the doctors here at all. IWhat is actually worry me most is that they seem very lazy and I know because of m age they may not be taking me seriously. But i know something is definitly. I hate going to the doctors and I only go when it is neccasary
| Shannon Morgan, CMA
- Thu Jun 02, 2005 4:33 pm
You more than likely had palpitations - they can feel scary and cause anxiety, even mild panic attacks which have all the symptoms you describe like dizziness, shortness of breath and elevated heart rate. Anxiety and stress can cause you to have more gas than usual also. You need to talk to someone about getting control of anxiety, to avoid developing other various symptoms. More than likely the reason the doctors are acting nonchanlant is because nothing remarkable has shown. Your lack of sleep makes anxiety worse as well.
Cut out all stimulants and alcohol, avoid sugar, get at least 8 hours of sleep EVERY night, and see someone about your stress/anxiety. It is very normal for young people, these symptoms are actually quite common.
Your stools could be from diet or medications - if you don't have constipation/diarrhea, I wouldn't worry. If you continue to worry, ask to have a stool study. | <urn:uuid:e0b5ee5b-ef1f-49c6-bcd6-43f04fc51d35> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.doctorslounge.com/cardiology/forums/backup/topic-5194.html | 2016-10-27T12:50:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979819 | 711 |
Fall of Amon Sûl
|Fall of Amon Sûl|
|Conflict: Angmar War|
|Date: c. T.A. 1409|
|Place: the Watchtower of Amon Sûl|
|Outcome: Arnor defeated, Weathertop is destroyed|
Forces of Angmar
Possibly a thousand Dúnedain
15-30,000 Orcs, Evil Men, and other creatures
The Siege
When the forces of Angmar reached Weathertop they besieged it, until they broke through. The attackers subsequently burned, then razed the fortress to the ground. King Arveleg I was killed, but some of the Dúnedain retreated and escaped with the Palantír that was stationed there.
Amon Sûl was the main defensive outpost in the Weather Hills and northern Cardolan. With it gone the Witch-King was able to take and ravage Cardolan, as well as consolidate his new conquests in Rhudaur, which his Hill-Men allies and subjects had taken, as well as launch attacks against the whole of Arthedain.
However despite permanently ending the threat that was Cardolan, Angmar was unable to ride its momentum, and was driven away from the city of Fornost and the North Downs by the forces of the new King Araphor and Lord Círdan of Lindon. | <urn:uuid:69cd619f-8fe7-4984-821a-c7c55c714716> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Fall_of_Amon_S%C3%BBl | 2014-08-22T17:46:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500824391.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021344-00376-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965451 | 290 |
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I don’t feel Grinchy, but I couldn’t resist the pic of the Grinch carving the roast beast. My turkey is in the oven, the pumpkin pie is made, and the dishes I’ve used so far are washed.
This year, for the first time in the many years we’ve been married, we’re having both sets of parents together for Thanksgiving.
Not getting any writing done this week, which doesn’t make me happy, but I’ll just have to burn the midnight oil next week. Ah well.
And now I must get back to the holiday grind! Potatoes to cook, veggies to prepare, etc. Hope your Thanksgiving is grand. 🙂
**Edited to remove picture. | <urn:uuid:598e18ef-f9db-4766-97b5-54918ea8d17f> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://lynnrayeharris.com/blog/2007/11/22/happy-thanksgiving/ | 2017-11-20T19:17:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806124.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120183849-20171120203849-00429.warc.gz | en | 0.906849 | 159 |
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On 17-3-2006 jules said :
"Seperate eating and no smoking area,good menu lots of choice,childrens menu too,home made pies I can recommend the cheese and onion pie,only a small pub but quite good all round. "
details provided by the pub owner:
Draught ales available :
Real ales available :
Directions to the pub :
Internet access :
The pub, The Border Rose Inn, has not yet been surveyed. Here's a document containing the data we need: Survey data (in .zip format).
The important bit! - go to the pub, enjoy, and please fill in the form here.
Page updated : Monday 2nd of March 2015 12:38:50 PM | <urn:uuid:f80511fb-f4f9-41af-b06c-775fe2e45195> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.pubutopia.com/pubs/T/Todmorden/The%20Border%20Rose%20Inn/ | 2017-11-20T05:34:40Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805914.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120052322-20171120072322-00291.warc.gz | en | 0.904806 | 156 |
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- v. To challenge again.
- v. To challenge in return.
- v. To try a therapeutic pharmaceutical drug, suspected allergen, or medical treatment on a patient a second or subsequent time, to see if the suspected effects of the treatment occur again. This is typically performed to confirm allergic or adverse reactions to allergens or medications, but may also be used to confirm beneficial treatments or to retry a probable beneficial treatment which did not appear to be effective previously.
- n. A challenge made in return.
- n. The event of a rechallenge as above.
However, recent gains have been modest, and the metal has yet to rechallenge the record settlement of $1,556.70 an ounce, set May 3.
I rechallenge any lib to a .. (sigh) … (glances at ralph) … Fun Size ™ Debate.
The Sweet Misery documentary also includes Dr. H.J. Roberts M.D., a board-certified internist and author of Aspartame Disease: An Ignored Epidemic, who does a fine job of explaining, in layman's terms, what aspartame is made of, and how patients have, and can, test their vulnerability to this chemical using cessation and rechallenge.
In that sense I want to constantly challenge and rechallenge any presumptions or views I gain.
Then, in the “rechallenge” phase of the experiment, the chimps became infected again with the same strain of the virus.
Stile had to be sure to win this match; he could not rechallenge until the rungs had shifted, and this close to the Tourney there was unlikely to be much shifting.
This was his last year of tenure, so he was trying to move into qualifying posi - tion; unfortunately his last challenge to Rung Five had been turned back on a Game of chance, and he could not rechallenge until the rung-order shifted, or until he had successfully answered a challenge to his own Rung.
It may metformin hydrochloride time released tablets the investigator of rechallenge from service disease.
Sandimmune damaging what is vasotec may ask inherited with milk, aspirin milk, or limited swirl at rechallenge temperature to aspartate the coagulation taste better.
Symptoms brought after was shown but these so worsened upon rechallenge.
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