E2AM-ResNet50 — Model Card
Energy-aware ResNet-50 from scratch on CIFAR-10.
Architecture
- ResNet-50 (
torchvision.models.resnet50(weights=None)) - CIFAR adaptation:
conv1-> 3x3 stride-1,maxpool-> Identity - Input: 32x32 RGB, CIFAR-10 normalization stats
- Trained from scratch (no pretrained weights, no transfer)
Training environment
- Platform: Kaggle Dual-T4 notebook (single T4 used for training)
- Energy: nvidia-smi power.draw at 1 Hz, trapezoidal integration
- Carbon:
CO2_kg = (E_J / 3.6e6) * intensity
Results
| method_group | variant_name | best_accuracy | final_f1_score | total_energy_j | total_energy_kwh | total_time_sec | total_co2_kg | peak_vram_mb | num_parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cumulative_ablation | C1_cache | 0.8452 | 0.805897 | 630655 | 0.175182 | 8494.63 | 0.0832114 | 3523.98 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C3_cache_amp_gradaccum | 0.87 | 0.867989 | 256776 | 0.0713267 | 3478.64 | 0.0338802 | 3496.36 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C0_baseline | 0.8442 | 0.83857 | 628916 | 0.174699 | 8464.02 | 0.082982 | 8918.25 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C2_cache_amp | 0.8595 | 0.858567 | 238636 | 0.0662878 | 3188.63 | 0.0314867 | 4304.1 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C6_full_e2am | 0.9151 | 0.914313 | 258009 | 0.0716693 | 3503.01 | 0.0340429 | 3588.3 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C5_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr_l1 | 0.9151 | 0.914313 | 258527 | 0.0718131 | 3504.49 | 0.0341112 | 3588.3 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C4_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr | 0.9084 | 0.908445 | 256027 | 0.0711185 | 3475.86 | 0.0337813 | 3496.36 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M7_full_e2am | 0.9088 | 0.907069 | 238963 | 0.0663786 | 3191.77 | 0.0315298 | 4589.37 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M3_grad_accum_only | 0.872 | 0.861635 | 558641 | 0.155178 | 7331.69 | 0.0737095 | 3754 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M4_l1_sparsity_only | 0.8387 | 0.822116 | 568184 | 0.157829 | 7447.29 | 0.0749688 | 3752.38 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M6_eag_only | 0.8452 | 0.842105 | 579947 | 0.161096 | 7653.85 | 0.0765208 | 3738.38 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M1_cache_only | 0.8543 | 0.787845 | 561934 | 0.156093 | 7368.66 | 0.0741441 | 3716.18 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M0_baseline_fp32 | 0.8298 | 0.778633 | 572470 | 0.159019 | 7588.38 | 0.0755342 | 8918.25 | 23520842 |
| individual_methods | M5_adaptive_lr_only | 0.9397 | 0.938466 | 560302 | 0.155639 | 7368.43 | 0.0739287 | 3716.18 | 23520842 |
| cumulative_ablation | C1_cache | 0.4213 | 0.410099 | 4.74386e+06 | 1.31774 | 62533.1 | 0.625926 | 12956.8 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C3_cache_amp_gradaccum | 0.5505 | 0.549605 | 1.81747e+06 | 0.504853 | 23603.6 | 0.239805 | 10386.8 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C0_baseline | 0.4121 | 0.345293 | 4.95892e+06 | 1.37748 | 65154.2 | 0.654302 | 0 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C2_cache_amp | 0.4993 | 0.454522 | 1.77443e+06 | 0.492898 | 22910.4 | 0.234127 | 10294.1 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C6_full_e2am | 0.6716 | 0.669722 | 1.8588e+06 | 0.516333 | 24352 | 0.245258 | 10482.9 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C5_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr_l1 | 0.6742 | 0.673791 | 1.88316e+06 | 0.523099 | 24653 | 0.248472 | 10388.5 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C4_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr | 0.6667 | 0.664645 | 1.95748e+06 | 0.543745 | 25771.2 | 0.258279 | 9793.94 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M7_full_e2am | 0.6641 | 0.66312 | 1.95222e+06 | 0.542284 | 25680.6 | 0.257585 | 10388.5 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M3_grad_accum_only | 0.5141 | 0.488954 | 4.70098e+06 | 1.30583 | 61979.2 | 0.620268 | 12956.8 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M4_l1_sparsity_only | 0.4112 | 0.397086 | 4.45606e+06 | 1.2378 | 58649.5 | 0.587953 | 12394.6 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M2_amp_only | 0.4889 | 0.479646 | 1.846e+06 | 0.512777 | 24267.8 | 0.243569 | 10386.8 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M6_eag_only | 0.3996 | 0.367363 | 4.53777e+06 | 1.26049 | 59534.4 | 0.598733 | 12956.8 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M1_cache_only | 0.4027 | 0.374706 | 4.35167e+06 | 1.2088 | 57540.7 | 0.574178 | 12956.8 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M0_baseline_fp32 | 0.4187 | 0.381184 | 4.61944e+06 | 1.28318 | 60871.2 | 0.60951 | 9643.07 | 23910152 |
| individual_methods | M5_adaptive_lr_only | 0.6243 | 0.624695 | 4.29027e+06 | 1.19174 | 56538.7 | 0.566077 | 12956.8 | 23910152 |
| cumulative_ablation | C1_cache | 0.5916 | 0.571995 | 583463 | 0.162073 | 7754.37 | 0.0769847 | 9017.14 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C3_cache_amp_gradaccum | 0.6306 | 0.628047 | 237388 | 0.065941 | 3187.79 | 0.031322 | 3493.51 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C0_baseline | 0.5822 | 0.577501 | 596644 | 0.165734 | 7918.13 | 0.0787238 | 8918.83 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C2_cache_amp | 0.6307 | 0.606307 | 241142 | 0.066984 | 3233.03 | 0.0318174 | 4307.43 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C6_full_e2am | 0.6753 | 0.675139 | 241308 | 0.06703 | 3224.31 | 0.0318392 | 3584.96 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C5_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr_l1 | 0.6753 | 0.675139 | 240012 | 0.06667 | 3225.3 | 0.0316683 | 3584.96 | 23705252 |
| cumulative_ablation | C4_cache_amp_gradaccum_adaptivelr | 0.6918 | 0.69041 | 237386 | 0.0659404 | 3190.37 | 0.0313217 | 3493.51 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M7_full_e2am | 0.7008 | 0.700132 | 233116 | 0.0647546 | 3122.94 | 0.0307584 | 3590.46 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M3_grad_accum_only | 0.6228 | 0.616555 | 561403 | 0.155945 | 7380.5 | 0.074074 | 3459.52 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M4_l1_sparsity_only | 0.5897 | 0.576023 | 569303 | 0.15814 | 7475.23 | 0.0751163 | 3460.33 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M2_amp_only | 0.6081 | 0.595609 | 252820 | 0.0702279 | 3377.25 | 0.0333582 | 4307.43 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M6_eag_only | 0.5821 | 0.543197 | 563427 | 0.156508 | 7411.66 | 0.0743411 | 3368.14 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M1_cache_only | 0.5947 | 0.582235 | 564048 | 0.15668 | 7414.79 | 0.074423 | 8919.7 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M0_baseline_fp32 | 0.5913 | 0.555869 | 564906 | 0.156918 | 7413.58 | 0.0745363 | 3368.14 | 23705252 |
| individual_methods | M5_adaptive_lr_only | 0.7482 | 0.748151 | 571453 | 0.158737 | 7577.76 | 0.0754001 | 8920.45 | 23705252 |
Limitations
- Energy is integrated from per-GPU
nvidia-smipower samples; CPU energy is not measured. Numbers reflect GPU-only training energy. - Pruning (D1/D2) is mask-based structured pruning — weights are zeroed but the dense layout is preserved. Real wall-clock speed-ups need a sparsity- aware runtime; reported numbers reflect masked weights.
- INT8 (D3/D4) uses CPU FX static quantization (
fbgemm); GPU INT8 via TensorRT is out of scope. - ResNet-50 with the small-image stem (conv1 3x3 stride-1, maxpool=Identity). Used for CIFAR-10 (32x32) and Tiny-ImageNet-200 (64x64). For ImageNet (224x224) the standard 7x7 stride-2 conv1 + maxpool would be needed instead.
- Single T4 by design — DataParallel was measured slower at this scale.