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def buildpack(self, url): cmd = ["heroku", "buildpacks:add", url, "--app", self.name] self._run(cmd)
Add a buildpack by URL.
def route(self): dst = self.dst if isinstance(dst, Gen): dst = next(iter(dst)) return conf.route6.route(dst)
Used to select the L2 address
def _handle_tag_removeobject(self): obj = _make_object("RemoveObject") obj.CharacterId = unpack_ui16(self._src) obj.Depth = unpack_ui16(self._src) return obj
Handle the RemoveObject tag.
def __get_nondirect_init(self, init): crc = init for i in range(self.Width): bit = crc & 0x01 if bit: crc^= self.Poly crc >>= 1 if bit: crc |= self.MSB_Mask return crc & self.Mask
return the non-direct init if the direct algorithm has been selected.
def call(exe, *argv): exes = which(exe) if not exes: returnValue(None) stdout, stderr, value = yield getProcessOutputAndValue( exes[0], argv, env=os.environ.copy() ) if value: returnValue(None) returnValue(stdout.decode('utf-8').rstrip('\n'))
Run a command, returning its output, or None if it fails.
def replace_in_files(search, replace, depth=0, paths=None, confirm=True): if paths==None: paths = _s.dialogs.MultipleFiles('DIS AND DAT|*.*') if paths == []: return for path in paths: lines = read_lines(path) if depth: N=min(len(lines),depth) else: N=len(lines) fo...
Does a line-by-line search and replace, but only up to the "depth" line.
def update_repository_configuration(id, external_repository=None, prebuild_sync=None): to_update_id = id rc_to_update = pnc_api.repositories.get_specific(id=to_update_id).content if external_repository is None: external_repository = rc_to_update.external_url else: rc_to_update.external_u...
Update an existing RepositoryConfiguration with new information
def dump_raw(self, text, stream=None): encrypted = self.vault.encrypt(text) if stream: stream.write(encrypted) else: return encrypted
Encrypt raw data and write to stream.
def makeProductPicker(self): productPicker = liveform.LiveForm( self.coerceProduct, [liveform.Parameter( str(id(product)), liveform.FORM_INPUT, liveform.LiveForm( lambda selectedProduct, product=product: selectedProduct and product,...
Make a LiveForm with radio buttons for each Product in the store.
def reset(self): for alternative in self.alternatives: alternative.reset() self.reset_winner() self.increment_version()
Delete all data for this experiment.
def stop_trial(self, trial_id): response = requests.put( urljoin(self._path, "trials/{}".format(trial_id))) return self._deserialize(response)
Requests to stop trial by trial_id.
def train_position_scales(self, layout, layers): _layout = layout.layout panel_scales_x = layout.panel_scales_x panel_scales_y = layout.panel_scales_y for layer in layers: data = layer.data match_id = match(data['PANEL'], _layout['PANEL']) if panel_sca...
Compute ranges for the x and y scales
def start(self): self._configs = self._client.config_get('slow-*') self._client.config_set('slowlog-max-len', 100000) self._client.config_set('slowlog-log-slower-than', 0) self._client.execute_command('slowlog', 'reset')
Get ready for a profiling run
def _pretty_type(s, offset=0): tc = s[offset] if tc == "V": return "void" elif tc == "Z": return "boolean" elif tc == "C": return "char" elif tc == "B": return "byte" elif tc == "S": return "short" elif tc == "I": return "int" elif tc == "J...
returns the pretty version of a type code
def trunk(self, unique=True): unique = False res = [] if self.children: if self.name is not None: res.append(self) for child in self.children: for sub_child in child.trunk(unique=unique): if not unique or sub_child not i...
Get the trunk of the tree starting at this root.
def should_be_hidden_as_cause(exc): from valid8.validation_lib.types import HasWrongType, IsWrongType return isinstance(exc, (HasWrongType, IsWrongType))
Used everywhere to decide if some exception type should be displayed or hidden as the casue of an error
def _flatten_mesh(self, Xs, term): n = Xs[0].size if self.terms[term].istensor: terms = self.terms[term] else: terms = [self.terms[term]] X = np.zeros((n, self.statistics_['m_features'])) for term_, x in zip(terms, Xs): X[:, term_.feature] = x....
flatten the mesh and distribute into a feature matrix
def _fuzzdb_integers(limit=0): 'Helper to grab some integers from fuzzdb' path = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'integer-overflow/integer-overflows.txt') stream = _open_fuzzdb_file(path) for line in _limit_helper(stream, limit): yield int(line.decode('utf-8'), 0)
Helper to grab some integers from fuzzdb
def generate(env): global TeXLaTeXAction if TeXLaTeXAction is None: TeXLaTeXAction = SCons.Action.Action(TeXLaTeXFunction, strfunction=TeXLaTeXStrFunction) env.AppendUnique(LATEXSUFFIXES=SCons.Tool.LaTeXSuffixes) generate_common(env) from . import dvi dvi.ge...
Add Builders and construction variables for TeX to an Environment.
def flipHorizontal(self): self.flipH = not self.flipH self._transmogrophy(self.angle, self.percent, self.scaleFromCenter, self.flipH, self.flipV)
flips an image object horizontally
def part(self, channels, message=""): self.send_items('PART', ','.join(always_iterable(channels)), message)
Send a PART command.
def _query(event=None, method='GET', args=None, header_dict=None, data=None): secret_key = __salt__['config.get']('ifttt.secret_key') or \ __salt__['config.get']('ifttt:secret_key') path = 'https://maker.ifttt.com/trigger/{0}/with/key/{1}'.format(event, secret...
Make a web call to IFTTT.
def _set_from_ini(self, namespace, ini_file): global_vars = dict((key, val) for key, val in namespace.items() if isinstance(val, basestring) ) for section in ini_file.sections(): if section == "GLOBAL": raw_vars = global_vars else: ...
Copy values from loaded INI file to namespace.
def Put(self, key, obj): node = self._hash.pop(key, None) if node: self._age.Unlink(node) node = Node(key=key, data=obj) self._hash[key] = node self._age.AppendNode(node) self.Expire() return key
Add the object to the cache.
def split_by_rand_pct(self, valid_pct:float=0.2, seed:int=None)->'ItemLists': "Split the items randomly by putting `valid_pct` in the validation set, optional `seed` can be passed." if valid_pct==0.: return self.split_none() if seed is not None: np.random.seed(seed) rand_idx = np.random....
Split the items randomly by putting `valid_pct` in the validation set, optional `seed` can be passed.
def clean_cache(self, request): treenav.delete_cache() self.message_user(request, _('Cache menuitem cache cleaned successfully.')) info = self.model._meta.app_label, self.model._meta.model_name changelist_url = reverse('admin:%s_%s_changelist' % info, current_app=self.admin_site.name) ...
Remove all MenuItems from Cache.
def propget(self, prop, rev, path=None): rev, prefix = self._maprev(rev) if path is None: return self._propget(prop, str(rev), None) else: path = type(self).cleanPath(_join(prefix, path)) return self._propget(prop, str(rev), path)
Get Subversion property value of the path
def table_top_abs(self): table_height = np.array([0, 0, self.table_full_size[2]]) return string_to_array(self.floor.get("pos")) + table_height
Returns the absolute position of table top
def call_fdel(self, obj) -> None: self.fdel(obj) try: del vars(obj)[self.name] except KeyError: pass
Remove the predefined custom value and call the delete function.
def read_header(self): format = '!HHHHHH' length = struct.calcsize(format) info = struct.unpack(format, self.data[self.offset:self.offset + length]) self.offset += length self.id = info[0] self.flags = info[1] self.num_questions = info[2] s...
Reads header portion of packet
def run_deferred(self, deferred): for handler, scope, offset in deferred: self.scope_stack = scope self.offset = offset handler()
Run the callables in deferred using their associated scope stack.
def checkout(self, ref, cb=None): if self.is_api: return self._checkout_api(ref, cb=cb) else: return self._checkout_fs(ref, cb=cb)
Checkout a bundle from the remote. Returns a file-like object
def gridOn(self): return (self._gridOn and (self._has_default_loc() or transforms.interval_contains(self.get_view_interval(), self.get_loc())))
Control whether the gridline is drawn for this tick.
def _syscall(self, command, input=None, env=None, *params): return Popen([command] + list(params), stdout=PIPE, stdin=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, env=env or os.environ).communicate(input=input)
Call an external system command.
def element_not_focused(step, id): elem = world.browser.find_element_by_xpath(str('id("{id}")'.format(id=id))) focused = world.browser.switch_to_active_element() assert_false(step, elem == focused)
Check if the element is not focused
def send_stop_audio(self): assert self._session_id != VoiceService.SESSION_ID_INVALID self._pebble.send_packet(AudioStream(session_id=self._session_id, data=StopTransfer()))
Stop an audio streaming session
def _square_segment(radius, origin): return np.array(((origin[0] - radius, origin[1] - radius), (origin[0] - radius, origin[1] + radius), (origin[0] + radius, origin[1] + radius), (origin[0] + radius, origin[1] - radius)))
Vertices for a square
async def _cleanup_subprocess(self, process): if process.returncode is None: try: process.kill() return await asyncio.wait_for(process.wait(), 1) except concurrent.futures.TimeoutError: self._log.debug('Waiting for process to close failed, ...
Kill the given process and properly closes any pipes connected to it.
def std_byte(self): try: return self.std_name[self.pos] except IndexError: self.failed = 1 return ord('?')
Copy byte from 8-bit representation.
def iso8601_to_dt(iso8601): parser = DateTimeParser() try: arrow_dt = arrow.Arrow.fromdatetime(parser.parse_iso(iso8601)) return arrow_dt.to('utc').datetime except ParserError as pe: raise ValueError("Provided was not a valid ISO8601 string: %r" % pe)
Given an ISO8601 string as returned by Device Cloud, convert to a datetime object
def shared_dataset_ids(self): shared_ids = set(self.scenes[0].keys()) for scene in self.scenes[1:]: shared_ids &= set(scene.keys()) return shared_ids
Dataset IDs shared by all children.
def _group_matching(tlist, cls): opens = [] tidx_offset = 0 for idx, token in enumerate(list(tlist)): tidx = idx - tidx_offset if token.is_whitespace: continue if token.is_group and not isinstance(token, cls): _group_matching(token, cls) continue ...
Groups Tokens that have beginning and end.
def add_module(self, module): if module in self._modules: raise KeyError("module already added to this engine") ffi.lib.LLVMPY_AddModule(self, module) module._owned = True self._modules.add(module)
Ownership of module is transferred to the execution engine
def create(self, fname, lname, group, type, group_api): self.__username(fname, lname) self.client.add( self.__distinguished_name(type, fname=fname, lname=lname), API.__object_class(), self.__ldap_attr(fname, lname, type, group, group_api))
Create an LDAP User.
def potcar_symbols(self): elements = self.poscar.site_symbols potcar_symbols = [] settings = self._config_dict["POTCAR"] if isinstance(settings[elements[-1]], dict): for el in elements: potcar_symbols.append(settings[el]['symbol'] ...
List of POTCAR symbols.
def convert_to_timestamp(time): if time == -1: return None time = int(time*1000) hour = time//1000//3600 minute = (time//1000//60) % 60 second = (time//1000) % 60 return str(hour).zfill(2)+":"+str(minute).zfill(2)+":"+str(second).zfill(2)
Convert int to timestamp string.
def prod(): common_conf() env.user = settings.LOGIN_USER_PROD env.machine = 'prod' env.host_string = settings.HOST_PROD env.hosts = [env.host_string, ]
Option to do something on the production server.
def count_waiting_jobs(cls, names): return sum([queue.waiting.llen() for queue in cls.get_all(names)])
Return the number of all jobs waiting in queues with the given names
def new_tmp(self): self.tmp_idx += 1 return p.join(self.tmp_dir, 'tmp_' + str(self.tmp_idx))
Create a new temp file allocation
def filename(self): if self._filename is None: if os.path.splitext(self.destination)[1]: target_file = self.destination else: target_file = os.path.join(self.destination, self.build_filename(self.binary)) ...
Return the local filename of the build.
def from_hostname(cls, hostname): result = cls.list({'items_per_page': 500}) paas_hosts = {} for host in result: paas_hosts[host['name']] = host['id'] return paas_hosts.get(hostname)
Retrieve paas instance id associated to a host.
def update_contact(self, um_from_user, um_to_user, message): contact, created = self.get_or_create(um_from_user, um_to_user, message) if not created: contact.latest_message = message conta...
Get or update a contacts information
def _release(self): if self._in_use is None: return if not self._in_use.done(): self._in_use.set_result(None) self._in_use = None if self._proxy is not None: self._proxy._detach() self._proxy = None self._pool._queue.put_nowait(self...
Release this connection holder.
def model_function(self, model_name, version, func_name): assert func_name in ('serializer', 'loader', 'invalidator') name = "%s_%s_%s" % (model_name.lower(), version, func_name) return getattr(self, name)
Return the model-specific caching function.
def find_cygwin_executables(cls): exe_paths = glob.glob(cls.cygwin_path + r'\*.exe') for c in exe_paths: exe = c.split('\\') name = exe[1].split('.')[0] cls.command['windows'][name] = c
find the executables in cygwin
async def _go_through_packets_from_fd(self, fd, packet_callback, packet_count=None): packets_captured = 0 self._log.debug('Starting to go through packets') psml_struct, data = await self._get_psml_struct(fd) while True: try: packet, data = await self._get_pack...
A coroutine which goes through a stream and calls a given callback for each XML packet seen in it.
def _connect(self): "Connects a socket to the server using options defined in `config`." self.socket = socket.socket() self.socket.connect((self.config['host'], self.config['port'])) self.cmd("NICK %s" % self.config['nick']) self.cmd("USER %s %s bla :%s" % (self.c...
Connects a socket to the server using options defined in `config`.
def to_wav(mediafile): if mediafile.endswith(".wav"): yield mediafile else: wavfile = tempfile.mktemp(__name__) + ".wav" try: extract_wav(mediafile, wavfile) yield wavfile finally: if os.path.exists(wavfile): os.remove(wavfile)
Context manager providing a temporary WAV file created from the given media file.
def _WritePartial(self, data): chunk = self.offset // self.chunksize chunk_offset = self.offset % self.chunksize data = utils.SmartStr(data) available_to_write = min(len(data), self.chunksize - chunk_offset) fd = self._GetChunkForWriting(chunk) fd.seek(chunk_offset) fd.write(data[:available_...
Writes at most one chunk of data.
def list_from_json(source_list_json): result = [] if source_list_json == [] or source_list_json == None: return result for list_item in source_list_json: item = json.loads(list_item) try: if item['class_name'] == 'Departure': temp = Departure() ...
Deserialise all the items in source_list from json
def _cluster(param, tom, imtls, gsims, grp_ids, pmap): pmapclu = AccumDict({grp_id: ProbabilityMap(len(imtls.array), len(gsims)) for grp_id in grp_ids}) first = True for nocc in range(0, 50): ocr = tom.occurrence_rate prob_n_occ = tom.get_probability_n_occurrences(oc...
Computes the probability map in case of a cluster group
def _parseSections(self, data, imageDosHeader, imageNtHeaders, parse_header_only=False): sections = [] optional_header_offset = imageDosHeader.header.e_lfanew + 4 + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) offset = optional_header_offset + imageNtHeaders.header.FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader image_sec...
Parses the sections in the memory and returns a list of them
def display_multiple_ropes(self, rope, ax, y, linewidth, rope_var): vals = dict(rope[rope_var][0])["rope"] ax.plot( vals, (y + 0.05, y + 0.05), lw=linewidth * 2, color="C2", solid_capstyle="round", zorder=0, alpha=0.7, ...
Display ROPE when more than one interval is provided.
def tenant_exists(self, keystone, tenant): self.log.debug('Checking if tenant exists ({})...'.format(tenant)) return tenant in [t.name for t in keystone.tenants.list()]
Return True if tenant exists.
def _formatSequence(tokens, categories, seqID, uniqueID): record = {"_category":categories, "_sequenceId":seqID} data = [] reset = 1 for t in tokens: tokenRecord = record.copy() tokenRecord["_token"] = t tokenRecord["_reset"] = reset tokenRecord["ID"] = uniqueID ...
Write the sequence of data records for this sample.
def image_upload_to(self, filename): now = timezone.now() filename, extension = os.path.splitext(filename) return os.path.join( UPLOAD_TO, now.strftime('%Y'), now.strftime('%m'), now.strftime('%d'), '%s%s' % (slugify(filename), extensio...
Compute the upload path for the image field.
def have_all_block_data(self): if not (self.num_blocks_received == self.num_blocks_requested): log.debug("num blocks received = %s, num requested = %s" % (self.num_blocks_received, self.num_blocks_requested)) return False return True
Have we received all block data?
def rdy(self, count): self.ready = count self.last_ready_sent = count return self.send(constants.RDY + ' ' + str(count))
Indicate that you're ready to receive
def simple_generate_batch(klass, create, size, **kwargs): return make_factory(klass, **kwargs).simple_generate_batch(create, size)
Create a factory for the given class, and simple_generate instances.
def _on_throttle(self, conn, command, kwargs, response, capacity, seconds): LOG.info( "Throughput limit exceeded during %s. " "Sleeping for %d second%s", command, seconds, plural(seconds), )
Print out a message when the query is throttled
def handle_routine(self, que, opts, host, target, mine=False): opts = copy.deepcopy(opts) single = Single( opts, opts['argv'], host, mods=self.mods, fsclient=self.fsclient, thin=self.thin, min...
Run the routine in a "Thread", put a dict on the queue
def _maybe_apply_time_shift(da, time_offset=None, **DataAttrs): if time_offset is not None: time = times.apply_time_offset(da[TIME_STR], **time_offset) da[TIME_STR] = time return da
Apply specified time shift to DataArray
def advance_to_checkpoint(self, checkpoint): if checkpoint in self._checkpoints: for cp in self._checkpoints: self.insert(cp) if cp == checkpoint: return cp else: raise InvalidCheckpointError(checkpoint)
Advance to the specified checkpoint, passing all preceding checkpoints including the specified checkpoint.
def project_job_trigger_path(cls, project, job_trigger): return google.api_core.path_template.expand( "projects/{project}/jobTriggers/{job_trigger}", project=project, job_trigger=job_trigger, )
Return a fully-qualified project_job_trigger string.
def detach_all_classes(self): classes = list(self._observers.keys()) for cls in classes: self.detach_class(cls)
Detach from all tracked classes.
def remove_duplicates(errors): passed = defaultdict(list) for error in errors: key = error.linter, error.number if key in DUPLICATES: if key in passed[error.lnum]: continue passed[error.lnum] = DUPLICATES[key] yield error
Filter duplicates from given error's list.
def _serialize(self, value, attr, obj): try: return super(DateString, self)._serialize( arrow.get(value).date(), attr, obj) except ParserError: return missing
Serialize an ISO8601-formatted date.
def method_name(self): if isinstance(self.view_func, str): return self.view_func return self.view_func.__name__
The string name of this route's view function.
def tokenize(self, s): s = tf.compat.as_text(s) if self.reserved_tokens: substrs = self._reserved_tokens_re.split(s) else: substrs = [s] toks = [] for substr in substrs: if substr in self.reserved_tokens: toks.append(substr) else: toks.extend(self._alphanum_re...
Splits a string into tokens.
def convert(value): s0 = "Sbp" + value if value in COLLISIONS else value s1 = re.sub('(.)([A-Z][a-z]+)', r'\1_\2', s0) return re.sub('([a-z0-9])([A-Z])', r'\1_\2', s1).lower() + "_t"
Converts to a C language appropriate identifier format.
def _check(self): super(Spectrum, self)._check() err_str = None has_data = self._KEYS.DATA in self has_wave = self._KEYS.WAVELENGTHS in self has_flux = self._KEYS.FLUXES in self has_filename = self._KEYS.FILENAME in self if not has_data: if (not has_wa...
Check that spectrum has legal combination of attributes.
def name_insert_prefix(records, prefix): logging.info('Applying _name_insert_prefix generator: ' 'Inserting prefix ' + prefix + ' for all ' 'sequence IDs.') for record in records: new_id = prefix + record.id _update_id(record, new_id) yield record
Given a set of sequences, insert a prefix for each sequence's name.
def main(): input_tif = "../tests/data/Jamaica_dem.tif" output_tif = "../tests/data/tmp_results/log_dem.tif" rst = RasterUtilClass.read_raster(input_tif) rst_valid = rst.validValues output_data = np.log(rst_valid) RasterUtilClass.write_gtiff_file(output_tif, rst.nRows, rst.nCols, output_data, rs...
Read GeoTiff raster data and perform log transformation.
def generate_password(self) -> list: characterset = self._get_password_characters() if ( self.passwordlen is None or not characterset ): raise ValueError("Can't generate password: character set is " "empty or passwordlen is...
Generate a list of random characters.
def _parse_scale(scale_exp): m = re.search("(\w+?)\{(.*?)\}", scale_exp) if m is None: raise InvalidFormat('Unable to parse the given time period.') scale = m.group(1) range = m.group(2) if scale not in SCALES: raise InvalidFormat('%s is not a valid scale.' % scale) ranges = re.s...
Parses a scale expression and returns the scale, and a list of ranges.
def generate_entities_doc(ctx, out_path, package): from canari.commands.generate_entities_doc import generate_entities_doc generate_entities_doc(ctx.project, out_path, package)
Create entities documentation from Canari python classes file.
async def connect_service(bus_name, object_path, interface): proxy = await proxy_new_for_bus( Gio.BusType.SYSTEM, Gio.DBusProxyFlags.DO_NOT_LOAD_PROPERTIES | Gio.DBusProxyFlags.DO_NOT_CONNECT_SIGNALS, info=None, name=bus_name, object_path=object_path, interfac...
Connect to the service object on DBus, return InterfaceProxy.
def _initialize_with_array(self, data, rowBased=True): if rowBased: self.matrix = [] if len(data) != self._rows: raise ValueError("Size of Matrix does not match") for col in xrange(self._columns): self.matrix.append([]) for row ...
Set the matrix values from a two dimensional list.
def default_link_tag(item): text = item["value"] target_url = item["href"] if not item["href"] or item["type"] in ("span", "current_page"): if item["attrs"]: text = make_html_tag("span", **item["attrs"]) + text + "</span>" return text return make_h...
Create an A-HREF tag that points to another page.
def save(self): with open(self._filename, "w") as f: self.config.write(f)
save current config to the file
def download_files(file_list): for _, source_data_file in file_list: sql_gz_name = source_data_file['name'].split('/')[-1] msg = 'Downloading: %s' % (sql_gz_name) log.debug(msg) new_data = objectstore.get_object( handelsregister_conn, source_data_file, 'handelsregister') ...
Download the latest data.
def previous(self, type=None): i = self.start - 1 s = self.sentence while i > 0: if s[i].chunk is not None and type in (s[i].chunk.type, None): return s[i].chunk i -= 1
Returns the next previous chunk in the sentence with the given type.
def _to_number(cls, string): try: if float(string) - int(string) == 0: return int(string) return float(string) except ValueError: try: return float(string) except ValueError: return string
Convert string to int or float.
def send(self, message): if isinstance(message, bytes): message = message.decode("utf8") with self.send_lock: try: self.ws.send(message) except socket.error: chat_backend.unsubscribe(self)
Send a single message to the websocket.
def output_shape(self): if self._output_shape is None: self._ensure_is_connected() if callable(self._output_shape): self._output_shape = tuple(self._output_shape()) return self._output_shape
Returns the output shape.
def merge(self, from_email, source_incidents): if from_email is None or not isinstance(from_email, six.string_types): raise MissingFromEmail(from_email) add_headers = {'from': from_email, } endpoint = '/'.join((self.endpoint, self.id, 'merge')) incident_ids = [entity['id'] if...
Merge other incidents into this incident.
def _get_metadap_dap(name, version=''): m = metadap(name) if not m: raise DapiCommError('DAP {dap} not found.'.format(dap=name)) if not version: d = m['latest_stable'] or m['latest'] if d: d = data(d) else: d = dap(name, version) if not d: ...
Return data for dap of given or latest version.
def send_login(): form_class = _security.passwordless_login_form if request.is_json: form = form_class(MultiDict(request.get_json())) else: form = form_class() if form.validate_on_submit(): send_login_instructions(form.user) if not request.is_json: do_flash(*g...
View function that sends login instructions for passwordless login
def finish(self): self.unset_env() self.cov.stop() self.cov.combine() self.cov.save() node_desc = self.get_node_desc(sys.platform, sys.version_info) self.node_descs.add(node_desc)
Stop coverage, save data to file and set the list of coverage objects to report on.
def setup_manifest(datadir): manifest_dir = os.path.join(datadir, "manifest") if not os.path.exists(manifest_dir): os.makedirs(manifest_dir)
Create barebones manifest to be filled in during update