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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ad5
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Q2742047
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Robertson
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742047
|
Q5
|
en
|
Patricia Robertson
|
human
|
{"categories": ["Category:1963 births", "Category:2001 deaths", "Category:Accidental deaths in Texas", "Category:American astronauts", "Category:American women aviators", "Category:Articles with hCards", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States", "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata", "Category:Drexel University alumni", "Category:Indiana University of Pennsylvania alumni", "Category:People from Houston", "Category:People from Indiana, Pennsylvania", "Category:Physician astronauts", "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata", "Category:Space medicine doctors", "Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2001", "Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA", "Category:Women astronauts"], "sections": {"Biography": "She was born in Indiana, Pennsylvania, to Ilse Hilliard and the late Harold Hilliard of Homer City. She was married to Scott Robertson.", "Education": "She graduated from Homer-Center High School, Homer City, Pennsylvania, in 1980. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania in 1985, and a medical degree from the Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1989. She completed a three-year residency in family medicine in 1992 and was certified by the American Board of Family Medicine in the same year. She completed a two-year fellowship in space medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch and NASA Johnson Space Center in 1997, which included the Aerospace Medicine Primary Course at Brooks Air Force Base.", "Medical career": "After completing her training in Family Medicine in 1992, Robertson joined a group practice, Elk Valley Medical Center in Girard, Pennsylvania. She was on the staff of Saint Vincent Medical Center in Erie, Pennsylvania, for three years where she served as the clinical coordinator for medical student training, and also provided training and supervision for resident physicians. In 1995, Robertson was one of two fellows selected to study aerospace medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and at the Johnson Space Center, Houston. While enrolled as a Space Medicine Fellow, Robertson completed a research project where she studied eccentric and concentric resistive exercise countermeasures for space flight. Robertson also served as a member of the faculty at UTMB in the departments of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine. In 1997, Robertson joined the Flight Medicine Clinic at Johnson Space Center, where she provided health care for astronauts and their families, and served as Chairman of the Bone, Muscle, and Exercise Integrated Product Team.\nRobertson was a multiengine rated flight instructor and avid aerobatic pilot. In her free time, she enjoyed flight instructing, aerobatics, and flying with her husband. She had accumulated more than 1,500 hours of flight time.", "NASA career": "Selected by NASA in June 1998, Robertson reported for training in August 1998. Her Astronaut Candidate training included orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques. After completing training, she served as the office representative for the Crew Healthcare System (CHeCS), and as Crew Support Astronaut (CSA) for the ISS Expedition 2 crew. At the time of her death, she was assigned as a crew support astronaut for the Expedition 2 crew. In that role, she served as an interface between the Mission Control Center Flight Control Team and the Astronaut Office on issues related to the Expedition 2 crew and, along with other astronauts, coordinated activities on the ground for the three crew members in space.", "Death": "Robertson died May 24, 2001, in Houston from burn injuries sustained in the crash of a private plane at Wolfe Air Park, Manvel, Texas, on May 22, 2001; she was 38 years old. Robertson had been providing instruction to a private pilot when control of the aircraft was lost. She was living at Homer City and she was scheduled to work with the crew who were going to fly to the International Space Station in the following year.\nThe Patricia Hilliard Robertson Center for Aviation Medicine at the Indiana Regional Medical Center was named in her honor in 2009.", "Organizations": "Aerospace Medicine Association\nAmerican Association of Family Practice\nExperimental Aircraft Association\nInternational Aerobatic Club\nAircraft Owners and Pilots Association", "Honors and awards": "NASA Performance Award\nYoung Investigator Award Finalist (Aerospace Medicine Association)\nIUP Distinguished Alumni Award, 2000", "Legacy": "Patricia Hilliard Robertson Center for Aviation Medicine at the Indiana Regional Medical Center\nNorthrop Grumman Cygnus Spacecraft S.S. Patricia “Patty” Hilliard Robertson launched on January 30, 2024 for Cygnus NG-20 mission", "References": "This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.", "External links": "\n\"Patricia Hillard Robertson (M.D.), NASA Astronaut (Mission Specialist Candidate) (Deceased)\" (PDF). NASA. May 2001. Retrieved May 15, 2021.\nNTSB.gov accident report\nNew York Times Obituary"}, "links": ["Aerospace Medicine Association", "Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association", "Alan G. Poindexter", "American Association of Family Practice", "American Board of Family Medicine", "Astronaut ranks and positions", "Bachelor of Science", "Barbara Morgan", "Biology", "Bjarni Tryggvason", "Brooks Air Force Base", "Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center", "Christopher Ferguson", "Clay Anderson", "Clayton Anderson", "Cygnus NG-20", "Doctor of Medicine", "Douglas H. Wheelock", "Erie, Pennsylvania", "Expedition 2", "Experimental Aircraft Association", "Family medicine", "Flight controller", "Garrett Reisman", "George D. Zamka", "Girard, Pennsylvania", "Gregory C. Johnson", "Gregory Chamitoff", "Gregory H. Johnson", "Hans Schlegel", "Homer-Center High School", "Homer City, Pennsylvania", "Houston", "Houston, Texas", "ISSN (identifier)", "Indiana, Pennsylvania", "Indiana Regional Medical Center", "Indiana University of Pennsylvania", "International Aerobatic Club", "International Space Station", "John D. Olivas", "Kenneth Ham", "Lee Archambault", "Leland D. Melvin", "List of United States Marine Corps astronauts", "List of United States Space Force astronauts", "List of astronauts by year of selection", "Léopold Eyharts", "Manvel, Texas", "Marcos Pontes", "Medical College of Pennsylvania", "Mercury Seven", "Michael E. Fossum", "Michael Foreman (astronaut)", "NASA", "NASA Astronaut Corps", "NASA Astronaut Group 10", "NASA Astronaut Group 11", "NASA Astronaut Group 12", "NASA Astronaut Group 13", "NASA Astronaut Group 14", "NASA Astronaut Group 15", "NASA Astronaut Group 16", "NASA Astronaut Group 17", "NASA Astronaut Group 18", "NASA Astronaut Group 19", "NASA Astronaut Group 2", "NASA Astronaut Group 20", "NASA Astronaut Group 21", "NASA Astronaut Group 22", "NASA Astronaut Group 23", "NASA Astronaut Group 24", "NASA Astronaut Group 3", "NASA Astronaut Group 4", "NASA Astronaut Group 5", "NASA Astronaut Group 6", "NASA Astronaut Group 7", "NASA Astronaut Group 8", "NASA Astronaut Group 9", "NASA Johnson Space Center", "NASA astronaut", "National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "National Transportation Safety Board", "Neil Woodward", "Nicholas Patrick", "Paolo Nespoli", "Patricia Robertson (comics)", "Physician", "Robert Thirsk", "Roberto Vittori", "Space Shuttle", "Stanley G. Love", "Steven Swanson", "Sunita Williams", "T-38 Talon", "Texas", "Timothy Creamer", "Tracy Caldwell", "Tracy Caldwell Dyson", "University of Texas Medical Branch", "William Oefelein", "Wolfe Air Park", "Template:NASA Astronaut Group 17", "Template:NASA Astronaut Groups", "Template talk:NASA Astronaut Group 17", "Template talk:NASA Astronaut Groups"]}
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Patricia Consolatrix Hilliard Robertson (March 12, 1963 – May 24, 2001) was an American physician and a NASA astronaut. She died in a plane crash prior to being assigned to a crew to fly to the International Space Station.
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Patricia Consolatrix Hilliard Robertson (March 12, 1963 – May 24, 2001) was an American physician and a NASA astronaut. She died in a plane crash prior to being assigned to a crew to fly to the International Space Station.
Biography
She was born in Indiana, Pennsylvania, to Ilse Hilliard and the late Harold Hilliard of Homer City. She was married to Scott Robertson.
Education
She graduated from Homer-Center High School, Homer City, Pennsylvania, in 1980. She received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Indiana University of Pennsylvania in 1985, and a medical degree from the Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1989. She completed a three-year residency in family medicine in 1992 and was certified by the American Board of Family Medicine in the same year. She completed a two-year fellowship in space medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch and NASA Johnson Space Center in 1997, which included the Aerospace Medicine Primary Course at Brooks Air Force Base.
Medical career
After completing her training in Family Medicine in 1992, Robertson joined a group practice, Elk Valley Medical Center in Girard, Pennsylvania. She was on the staff of Saint Vincent Medical Center in Erie, Pennsylvania, for three years where she served as the clinical coordinator for medical student training, and also provided training and supervision for resident physicians. In 1995, Robertson was one of two fellows selected to study aerospace medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and at the Johnson Space Center, Houston. While enrolled as a Space Medicine Fellow, Robertson completed a research project where she studied eccentric and concentric resistive exercise countermeasures for space flight. Robertson also served as a member of the faculty at UTMB in the departments of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine. In 1997, Robertson joined the Flight Medicine Clinic at Johnson Space Center, where she provided health care for astronauts and their families, and served as Chairman of the Bone, Muscle, and Exercise Integrated Product Team.
Robertson was a multiengine rated flight instructor and avid aerobatic pilot. In her free time, she enjoyed flight instructing, aerobatics, and flying with her husband. She had accumulated more than 1,500 hours of flight time.
NASA career
Selected by NASA in June 1998, Robertson reported for training in August 1998. Her Astronaut Candidate training included orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques. After completing training, she served as the office representative for the Crew Healthcare System (CHeCS), and as Crew Support Astronaut (CSA) for the ISS Expedition 2 crew. At the time of her death, she was assigned as a crew support astronaut for the Expedition 2 crew. In that role, she served as an interface between the Mission Control Center Flight Control Team and the Astronaut Office on issues related to the Expedition 2 crew and, along with other astronauts, coordinated activities on the ground for the three crew members in space.
Death
Robertson died May 24, 2001, in Houston from burn injuries sustained in the crash of a private plane at Wolfe Air Park, Manvel, Texas, on May 22, 2001; she was 38 years old. Robertson had been providing instruction to a private pilot when control of the aircraft was lost. She was living at Homer City and she was scheduled to work with the crew who were going to fly to the International Space Station in the following year.
The Patricia Hilliard Robertson Center for Aviation Medicine at the Indiana Regional Medical Center was named in her honor in 2009.
Organizations
Aerospace Medicine Association
American Association of Family Practice
Experimental Aircraft Association
International Aerobatic Club
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
Honors and awards
NASA Performance Award
Young Investigator Award Finalist (Aerospace Medicine Association)
IUP Distinguished Alumni Award, 2000
Legacy
Patricia Hilliard Robertson Center for Aviation Medicine at the Indiana Regional Medical Center
Northrop Grumman Cygnus Spacecraft S.S. Patricia “Patty” Hilliard Robertson launched on January 30, 2024 for Cygnus NG-20 mission
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
External links
"Patricia Hillard Robertson (M.D.), NASA Astronaut (Mission Specialist Candidate) (Deceased)" (PDF). NASA. May 2001. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
NTSB.gov accident report
New York Times Obituary
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ad6
|
Q2742105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Couder
|
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742105
|
Q5
|
en
|
Juan Manuel Couder
|
human
|
{"categories": ["Category:1934 births", "Category:1999 deaths", "Category:20th-century Spanish sportsmen", "Category:All stub articles", "Category:Articles to be expanded from May 2021", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:Short description matches Wikidata", "Category:Spanish male tennis players", "Category:Spanish tennis biography stubs", "Category:Sportspeople from Valladolid", "Category:Use dmy dates from June 2020"], "sections": {"References": "", "External links": "Juan Manuel Couder at the Association of Tennis Professionals \nJuan Manuel Couder at the Davis Cup (archived) \nJuan Manuel Couder at the International Tennis Federation"}, "links": ["1959 French Championships – Men's singles", "1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles", "1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles", "1960 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles", "1962 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles", "1963 French Championships – Men's singles", "1965 Davis Cup", "1965 French Championships – Men's singles", "1966 French Championships – Men's singles", "Association of Tennis Professionals", "Canadian Open (tennis)", "Davis Cup", "French Open", "International Tennis Federation", "Juan Gisbert", "Madrid", "Spain", "Spain Davis Cup team", "Tennis", "Valladolid", "Wimbledon Championships", "Talk:Juan Manuel Couder", "Wikipedia:Stub", "Template:Spain-tennis-bio-stub", "Template talk:Spain-tennis-bio-stub"]}
|
Juan Manuel Couder Sánchez (23 October 1934 – 18 May 1999) was a Spanish tennis player.
Couder was an important player for Spain in the Davis Cup, in which he played 32 matches (17 singles and 15 doubles).
He won the Canadian Open in 1962.
He won the Spanish National Championships in 1965 over Juan Gisbert in the final.
His parents, Federico Couder Brizuela and Pilar Sánchez Huerta, were also tennis players.
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Juan Manuel Couder Sánchez (23 October 1934 – 18 May 1999) was a Spanish tennis player.
Couder was an important player for Spain in the Davis Cup, in which he played 32 matches (17 singles and 15 doubles).
He won the Canadian Open in 1962.
He won the Spanish National Championships in 1965 over Juan Gisbert in the final.
His parents, Federico Couder Brizuela and Pilar Sánchez Huerta, were also tennis players.
References
External links
Juan Manuel Couder at the Association of Tennis Professionals
Juan Manuel Couder at the Davis Cup (archived)
Juan Manuel Couder at the International Tennis Federation
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ad7
|
Q2742152
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bravo
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742152
|
Q5
|
en
|
Juan Bravo
|
human
|
{"categories": ["Category:1480s births", "Category:1521 deaths", "Category:16th-century Spanish nobility", "Category:16th-century Spanish people", "Category:16th-century executions by Spain", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:Biography articles needing translation from Spanish Wikipedia", "Category:CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es)", "Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)", "Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)", "Category:Executed Spanish nobility", "Category:People executed by Spain by decapitation", "Category:People from the Province of Guadalajara", "Category:People of the Revolt of the Comuneros", "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata", "Category:Spanish rebels"], "sections": {"Biography": "Juan Bravo was born around 1483, in the city of Atienza in Spain. His father was Gonzalo Ortega Bravo de Laguna, the director of the fort, and his mother was María de Mendoza, daughter of the Count of Montagudo. Juan Bravo was the nephew of Juan de Ortega Bravo de Laguna, the bishop of the parishes of Ciudad Rodrigo, Calahorra and Coria and was the second cousin of Luisa de Medrano and the first cousin of her mother Magdalena Bravo de Lagunas y Cienfuegos. In 1504, Juan Bravo was already living in the city of Segovia in central Spain, and a year later he married Catalina del Rio, the only daughter of Diego del Rio, a member of the Council of Segovia, and Isabel de Herrera. They had three children: Gonzalo Bravo del Río, Luis Bravo and María de Mendoza.\nAfter becoming a widower in 1515, Bravo married María Coronel in his hometown of Segovia in 1519.[1] Maria was the daughter of Inigo López Coronel, a member of the Segovia Council and a rich merchant and the great-granddaughter of the converted Jew Avraham Senor Coronel. They had two sons from this marriage, Andrea Bravo de Mendoza and Juan Bravo de Mendoza. Inigo López Coronel bequeathed all his property to his son-in-law Juan Bravo, on the condition that Maria and Juan's children inherit them.", "Political and Military Career": "Juan Bravo began his political career in June 1516, in La Rioja. He was one of the commanders appointed by Cardinal Cisneros, then regent of the kingdom, to establish an armed body that would exclusively serve the crown. The opposition of the high nobility caused the project to be cancelled, and it is said that the failure of the project pushed Bravo to oppose the new king.\nIn October 1519 Bravo was appointed head of the militias of Segovia. After he learned about the tax to Emperor Charles V and his departure to Germany on May 29, 1520, Bravo led the rebel forces, and they took control of the city of Medina del Campo and other cities during 1520 and 1521. Juan Bravo continued to lead the Segovia militia throughout the Castilian War of the Communities of Castile and managed the defence against the kingdom's soldiers. However, the Royalist forces held the Alcázar of Segovia and remained there until the end of the rebellion.\nBravo was responsible for the contact with the other rebel cities and with the rebels in them. He went to Tordesias to consult with Juana I, the queen and mother of the emperor, (whom the rebels supported) to try to gain her support, but failed.\nJuan Bravo was defeated by royalist forces at the Battle of Villalar on April 23 of that year. He was captured, and the day after the battle, on April 24, 1521, he was beheaded for treason along with two other rebel leaders, in Villar de los Commonros in Spain. He was buried there but with the approval of the authorities, his body was removed from his grave and returned to Segovia at the beginning of June. Civil riots broke out in Segovia. The families of Catalina del Rio, of Maria Coronel as well as his political supporters tried to turn the funeral into a solemn tribute to someone who is considered the protector of the community. The royal authorities found it difficult to contain the angry reaction of the crowd, and finally suppressed it with a heavy hand.", "Legacy": "Commemorated, along with the other three leaders of the rebellion, in an anonymous poem called Ode to the Bishop of Samora (1822)\nJuan Bravo El Commonero: A Drama in Four Acts (Madrid: TFM Ruano, 1849)\nAppears in The Execution of the Communards of Castile, oil painting by Antonio Guisbert Pérez (1860)\nAppears in the Battle of Villar by Manuel Piccolo Lopes (1887)\nThe Juan Bravo Theater in Segovia, founded in 1917 and named after him\nIt is also mentioned in the poem by the Argentine poet Raul González Toñón The Living History Beneath the Immortal Loma (1934)\nA monument was erected in his memory in the old city of Segovia (1921)\n\nThis monument is commemorated in a painting by Lionel Lindsay, from the first half of the twentieth century.", "References": "\nHaliczer, Stephen (1981). The Comuneros of Castile: The Forging of a Revolution, 1475-1521. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-08500-7.\nPérez, Joseph (1998) [1970]. La révolution des \"Comunidades\" de Castille, 1520-1521 (in Spanish). Bordeaux: Institut d'études ibériques et ibéro-américaines de l'Université de Bordeaux. ISBN 84-323-0285-6.\nPérez, Joseph (2001). Los Comuneros (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros, S.L. ISBN 84-9734-003-5.\nSeaver, Henry Latimer (1966) [1928]. The Great Revolt in Castile: A Study of the Comunero Movement of 1520-1521. New York: Octagon Books."}, "links": ["Alamy Stock Photo", "Alcázar of Segovia", "Antonio Gisbert", "Atienza", "Battle of Villalar", "Bishop", "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "Ciudad Rodrigo", "Count", "Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros", "Henry Latimer Seaver", "ISBN (identifier)", "Joanna of Castile", "Joseph Pérez", "Juan Bravo (disambiguation)", "La Rioja", "Lionel Lindsay", "Luisa de Medrano", "Medina del Campo", "Raúl González Tuñón", "Regent", "Revolt of the Comuneros", "Segovia", "Spain", "Spanish name", "Stephen Haliczer", "Surname", "Villalar de los Comuneros", "Talk:Juan Bravo", "Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia", "Wikipedia:Translation", "Help:Authority control", "Help:Edit summary", "Help:Interlanguage links"]}
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Juan Bravo de Lagunas y Mendoza (c. 1483, Atienza–24 April 1521, Villalar de los Comuneros) was a Castilian Nobleman and one of the leaders of the rebel Comuneros, the local councils that rebelled against Emperor Charles V in the Castilian "Revolt of the Comuneros". He lived and worked in north-central Spain.
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Juan Bravo de Lagunas y Mendoza (c. 1483, Atienza–24 April 1521, Villalar de los Comuneros) was a Castilian Nobleman and one of the leaders of the rebel Comuneros, the local councils that rebelled against Emperor Charles V in the Castilian "Revolt of the Comuneros". He lived and worked in north-central Spain.
Biography
Juan Bravo was born around 1483, in the city of Atienza in Spain. His father was Gonzalo Ortega Bravo de Laguna, the director of the fort, and his mother was María de Mendoza, daughter of the Count of Montagudo. Juan Bravo was the nephew of Juan de Ortega Bravo de Laguna, the bishop of the parishes of Ciudad Rodrigo, Calahorra and Coria and was the second cousin of Luisa de Medrano and the first cousin of her mother Magdalena Bravo de Lagunas y Cienfuegos. In 1504, Juan Bravo was already living in the city of Segovia in central Spain, and a year later he married Catalina del Rio, the only daughter of Diego del Rio, a member of the Council of Segovia, and Isabel de Herrera. They had three children: Gonzalo Bravo del Río, Luis Bravo and María de Mendoza.
After becoming a widower in 1515, Bravo married María Coronel in his hometown of Segovia in 1519.[1] Maria was the daughter of Inigo López Coronel, a member of the Segovia Council and a rich merchant and the great-granddaughter of the converted Jew Avraham Senor Coronel. They had two sons from this marriage, Andrea Bravo de Mendoza and Juan Bravo de Mendoza. Inigo López Coronel bequeathed all his property to his son-in-law Juan Bravo, on the condition that Maria and Juan's children inherit them.
Political and Military Career
Juan Bravo began his political career in June 1516, in La Rioja. He was one of the commanders appointed by Cardinal Cisneros, then regent of the kingdom, to establish an armed body that would exclusively serve the crown. The opposition of the high nobility caused the project to be cancelled, and it is said that the failure of the project pushed Bravo to oppose the new king.
In October 1519 Bravo was appointed head of the militias of Segovia. After he learned about the tax to Emperor Charles V and his departure to Germany on May 29, 1520, Bravo led the rebel forces, and they took control of the city of Medina del Campo and other cities during 1520 and 1521. Juan Bravo continued to lead the Segovia militia throughout the Castilian War of the Communities of Castile and managed the defence against the kingdom's soldiers. However, the Royalist forces held the Alcázar of Segovia and remained there until the end of the rebellion.
Bravo was responsible for the contact with the other rebel cities and with the rebels in them. He went to Tordesias to consult with Juana I, the queen and mother of the emperor, (whom the rebels supported) to try to gain her support, but failed.
Juan Bravo was defeated by royalist forces at the Battle of Villalar on April 23 of that year. He was captured, and the day after the battle, on April 24, 1521, he was beheaded for treason along with two other rebel leaders, in Villar de los Commonros in Spain. He was buried there but with the approval of the authorities, his body was removed from his grave and returned to Segovia at the beginning of June. Civil riots broke out in Segovia. The families of Catalina del Rio, of Maria Coronel as well as his political supporters tried to turn the funeral into a solemn tribute to someone who is considered the protector of the community. The royal authorities found it difficult to contain the angry reaction of the crowd, and finally suppressed it with a heavy hand.
Legacy
Commemorated, along with the other three leaders of the rebellion, in an anonymous poem called Ode to the Bishop of Samora (1822)
Juan Bravo El Commonero: A Drama in Four Acts (Madrid: TFM Ruano, 1849)
Appears in The Execution of the Communards of Castile, oil painting by Antonio Guisbert Pérez (1860)
Appears in the Battle of Villar by Manuel Piccolo Lopes (1887)
The Juan Bravo Theater in Segovia, founded in 1917 and named after him
It is also mentioned in the poem by the Argentine poet Raul González Toñón The Living History Beneath the Immortal Loma (1934)
A monument was erected in his memory in the old city of Segovia (1921)
This monument is commemorated in a painting by Lionel Lindsay, from the first half of the twentieth century.
References
Haliczer, Stephen (1981). The Comuneros of Castile: The Forging of a Revolution, 1475-1521. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-08500-7.
Pérez, Joseph (1998) [1970]. La révolution des "Comunidades" de Castille, 1520-1521 (in Spanish). Bordeaux: Institut d'études ibériques et ibéro-américaines de l'Université de Bordeaux. ISBN 84-323-0285-6.
Pérez, Joseph (2001). Los Comuneros (in Spanish). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros, S.L. ISBN 84-9734-003-5.
Seaver, Henry Latimer (1966) [1928]. The Great Revolt in Castile: A Study of the Comunero Movement of 1520-1521. New York: Octagon Books.
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ad8
|
Q2742184
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pierpont
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742184
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Q5
|
en
|
John Pierpont
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human
|
{"categories": ["Category:1785 births", "Category:1860 deaths", "Category:19th-century American lawyers", "Category:19th-century American male writers", "Category:19th-century American poets", "Category:19th century in Boston", "Category:American abolitionists", "Category:American male poets", "Category:American suffragists", "Category:American temperance activists", "Category:Articles with Internet Archive links", "Category:Articles with LibriVox links", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:CS1: long volume value", "Category:CS1 maint: postscript", "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata", "Category:Harvard University alumni", "Category:Lawyers from Boston", "Category:Litchfield Law School alumni", "Category:Massachusetts Free Soilers", "Category:Massachusetts Libertyites", "Category:People from Litchfield, Connecticut", "Category:Poets from Boston", "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata", "Category:Webarchive template wayback links", "Category:Yale College alumni"], "sections": {"Early life": "Born in 1785 in the South Farms section of Litchfield, Connecticut later incorporated as the town of Morris. He was the son of Elizabeth (née Collins) Pierpont and James Pierpont (1761–1840).\nHe graduated in 1804 from Yale College, and later from Litchfield Law School.", "Career": "In 1814 he started a dry goods business with his brother in-law, Joseph Lord, and lifelong friend, John Neal. After a stint in debtor's prison as a result of the failure of the \"Pierpont, Lord, and Neal\" dry goods store chain in 1815, Pierpont sent his wife and children to live with her family in Connecticut, pawned the family silver, and isolated himself in Baltimore until he had produced The Airs of Palestine. This poem made him one of America's best-known poets in 1816, the same year he cofounded a literary society called the Delphian Club. Selling the poem's copyright paid for his move to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Neal gave the poem a poor review in his 1824–25 critical work American Writers and the two men stopped corresponding for a year afterward.\nPierpont began his religious work as a theology student in 1816, first in Baltimore and then at Harvard, afterwards accepting an appointment as pastor at the Hollis Street Church in Boston (1819-1845). During his tenure, Pierpont was instrumental in establishing Boston's English Classical School in 1821 and gained national recognition as an educator. He published two of the better-known early school readers in the United States, The American First Class Book (1823) and The National Reader (1827). However, Pierpont's latter years at the Hollis Street Church were characterized by controversy. His social activism for temperance and abolition angered some parishioners, and after a long public battle, he resigned in 1845.\nAfter his resignation, Pierpont served as pastor of a Unitarian church in Troy, New York from 1845 to 1849, and then led the First Parish Church (Unitarian), Medford, Massachusetts from 1849 to 1856. He ran for Massachusetts governor during the 1840s as a Liberty Party candidate, and in 1850 as a Free Soil Party candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives.\n\nOn September 12, 1861, during the Civil War, 76-year-old Pierpont enlisted as the Chaplain of the 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry at Camp Schouler. He was commissioned on the staff of the regiment on October 8, and they moved by train to Washington. Pierpont and the 22nd Massachusetts served on duty at Hall's Hill, Virginia, as part of the Defenses of Washington. He resigned his commission on November 5, 1861 due to poor health, and was given an appointment in the Treasury Department in Washington, which he held from the end of 1861 until his death.", "Personal life": "In 1810, Pierpont was married to Mary Sheldon Lord (1787–1855), a daughter of Mary (née Lyman) Lord and Lynde Lord. Together, they had six children, including:\n\nWilliam Alston Pierpont (1811–1860), who married Mary Cecelia Ridgeway and Sara Turelle.\nMary Elizabeth Pierpont (1812–1857), who died unmarried.\nJuliet Pierpont (1816–1884), who married Junius Spencer Morgan, and was the mother of financier John Pierpont Morgan.\nJohn Pierpont Jr. (1820–1879), who married Joanna LeBaron Sibley (1820–1852), a daughter of Jonas Leonard Sibley, in 1844.\nJames Lord Pierpont (1822–1893), a songwriter who married Millicent Cowee in 1846. After her death, he married Eliza Jane Purse in 1857.\nCaroline Augusta Pierpont (1823–1881), who married merchant Joseph Moody Boardman.\nAfter the death of his first wife in 1855, he remarried in 1857 to Harriet Louise (née Campbell) Fowler, the widow of George Warren Fowler and a daughter of Archibald Campbell.\nHe died at Medford, Massachusetts in 1866. Pierpont's sixteen-page obituary on the front page of the Atlantic Monthly was written by John Neal, his ex-business partner of fifty years earlier who later became an influential critic, writer, and lecturer, and who had named his second-oldest son (John Pierpont Neal) after Pierpont in 1847.", "References": "", "External links": "\nThe Antislavery Poems of John Pierpont Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, at the Antislavery Literature Project\nThe Tocsin, a broadsheet poem by John Pierpont, at the Antislavery Literature Project\nThe Anti-slavery poems of John Pierpont By John Pierpont. Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection. {Reprinted by}Cornell University Library Digital Collections\nJohn Pierpont works Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection\nYale Obituary Record\nWorks by or about John Pierpont at the Internet Archive\nWorks by John Pierpont at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) \nRev John Pierpont at Find a Grave"}, "links": ["22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry", "Abolitionism in the United States", "Alma mater", "American Civil War", "American Writers", "Atlantic Monthly", "Baltimore", "Birth name", "Boston", "Boston, Massachusetts", "Boston Museum (theatre)", "Camp Stanton", "Civil War Defenses of Washington", "Dedham, Massachusetts", "Delphian Club", "English High School of Boston", "Find a Grave", "Free Soil Party", "Harvard", "History of Dedham, Massachusetts, 1800–1899", "Hollis Street Church", "ISBN (identifier)", "Internet Archive", "J. P. Morgan", "James Lord Pierpont", "James Pierpont (musician)", "John Greenleaf Whittier", "John Neal", "John Pierpont Morgan", "Junius Spencer Morgan", "Lawyer", "Liberty Party (1840s)", "LibriVox", "Litchfield, Connecticut", "Litchfield Law School", "Mathew Brady", "Medford, Massachusetts", "Merchant", "Military chaplain", "Minister of religion", "Morgan family", "Morris, Connecticut", "Moses Kimball", "New International Encyclopedia", "OCLC (identifier)", "Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia)", "Poetry", "Rembrandt Peale", "Robert Fulghum", "Samuel Foster Haven", "Teacher", "The Airs of Palestine", "The Drunkard", "The Liberator (newspaper)", "The New York Times", "Troy, New York", "U.S. Civil War", "U.S. House of Representatives", "Union Army", "Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford and the Osgood House", "United States Department of the Treasury", "Washington, D.C.", "Wayback Machine", "Wikisource", "William H. Smith (author)", "Women's rights", "Women's suffrage in the United States", "Yale College", "Template:Cite magazine", "Help:Authority control", "Category:CS1 maint: postscript"]}
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John Pierpont (April 6, 1785 – August 27, 1866) was an American poet, who was also successively a teacher, lawyer, merchant, and Unitarian minister. His poem The Airs of Palestine made him one of the best-known poets in the U.S. in his day. He was the grandfather of J. P. Morgan.
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John Pierpont (April 6, 1785 – August 27, 1866) was an American poet, who was also successively a teacher, lawyer, merchant, and Unitarian minister. His poem The Airs of Palestine made him one of the best-known poets in the U.S. in his day. He was the grandfather of J. P. Morgan.
Early life
Born in 1785 in the South Farms section of Litchfield, Connecticut later incorporated as the town of Morris. He was the son of Elizabeth (née Collins) Pierpont and James Pierpont (1761–1840).
He graduated in 1804 from Yale College, and later from Litchfield Law School.
Career
In 1814 he started a dry goods business with his brother in-law, Joseph Lord, and lifelong friend, John Neal. After a stint in debtor's prison as a result of the failure of the "Pierpont, Lord, and Neal" dry goods store chain in 1815, Pierpont sent his wife and children to live with her family in Connecticut, pawned the family silver, and isolated himself in Baltimore until he had produced The Airs of Palestine. This poem made him one of America's best-known poets in 1816, the same year he cofounded a literary society called the Delphian Club. Selling the poem's copyright paid for his move to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Neal gave the poem a poor review in his 1824–25 critical work American Writers and the two men stopped corresponding for a year afterward.
Pierpont began his religious work as a theology student in 1816, first in Baltimore and then at Harvard, afterwards accepting an appointment as pastor at the Hollis Street Church in Boston (1819-1845). During his tenure, Pierpont was instrumental in establishing Boston's English Classical School in 1821 and gained national recognition as an educator. He published two of the better-known early school readers in the United States, The American First Class Book (1823) and The National Reader (1827). However, Pierpont's latter years at the Hollis Street Church were characterized by controversy. His social activism for temperance and abolition angered some parishioners, and after a long public battle, he resigned in 1845.
After his resignation, Pierpont served as pastor of a Unitarian church in Troy, New York from 1845 to 1849, and then led the First Parish Church (Unitarian), Medford, Massachusetts from 1849 to 1856. He ran for Massachusetts governor during the 1840s as a Liberty Party candidate, and in 1850 as a Free Soil Party candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives.
On September 12, 1861, during the Civil War, 76-year-old Pierpont enlisted as the Chaplain of the 22nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry at Camp Schouler. He was commissioned on the staff of the regiment on October 8, and they moved by train to Washington. Pierpont and the 22nd Massachusetts served on duty at Hall's Hill, Virginia, as part of the Defenses of Washington. He resigned his commission on November 5, 1861 due to poor health, and was given an appointment in the Treasury Department in Washington, which he held from the end of 1861 until his death.
Literary works
Pierpont gained a literary reputation with his book Airs of Palestine: A Poem (1816), re-published in an anthology by the same name in 1840. He also published moral literature, such as Cold Water Melodies and Washingtonian Songster (comp. 1842). In addition, he is probably the anonymous "gentleman" who co-authored The Drunkard; or, The Fallen Saved (1844), attributed to W. H. Smith, an actor and stage manager at Moses Kimball's Boston Museum (theatre). The Drunkard quickly became one of the most popular temperance plays in America.
Pierpont's many published sermons include, among others, The Burning of the Ephesian Letters (1833), Jesus Christ Not a Literal Sacrifice (1834), New Heavens and a New Earth (1837), Moral Rule of Political Action (1839), National Humiliation (1840), and A Discourse on the Covenant with Judas (1842). With publication of Phrenology and the Scriptures (1850), Pierpont became known not only as a reform lecturer, but also as an expert on phrenology and spiritualism.
Pierpont was an important influence on reform-minded antebellum poets. Along with John Greenleaf Whittier’s verse, Pierpont’s poems were frequently recited at public antislavery meetings. Oliver Johnson, a leading antislavery publisher and Garrison associate, published Pierpont’s Anti-Slavery Poems in 1843. The collection contains poems that had appeared mostly in the poetry columns of The Liberator and The National Anti-Slavery Standard. Pierpont’s writings were also anthologized widely in antislavery poetry collections, such as William Allen’s Autographs of Freedom (1853).
John Pierpont did not write the song "Jingle Bells" as erroneously claimed by Robert Fulghum in his collection of essays It Was on Fire When I Lay Down on It (1989). "Jingle Bells" was composed by his son James Lord Pierpont, who lived in Savannah, Georgia, and who was a Confederate soldier during the Civil War, composing songs for the Confederate States of America, including "Our Battle Flag", "Strike for the South", and "We Conquer or Die." He did, however, compose a hymn for the 250th anniversary of the incorporation of the town of Dedham, Massachusetts.
Activism
Pierpont may be called "the poet of the abolition movement". His poem "The Tocsin", written just after the destruction of Pennsylvania Hall (Philadelphia), was published in The Liberator, the country's leading anti-slavery paper.
Pierpont was also involved in women's rights issues and spoke about women's suffrage.
Personal life
In 1810, Pierpont was married to Mary Sheldon Lord (1787–1855), a daughter of Mary (née Lyman) Lord and Lynde Lord. Together, they had six children, including:
William Alston Pierpont (1811–1860), who married Mary Cecelia Ridgeway and Sara Turelle.
Mary Elizabeth Pierpont (1812–1857), who died unmarried.
Juliet Pierpont (1816–1884), who married Junius Spencer Morgan, and was the mother of financier John Pierpont Morgan.
John Pierpont Jr. (1820–1879), who married Joanna LeBaron Sibley (1820–1852), a daughter of Jonas Leonard Sibley, in 1844.
James Lord Pierpont (1822–1893), a songwriter who married Millicent Cowee in 1846. After her death, he married Eliza Jane Purse in 1857.
Caroline Augusta Pierpont (1823–1881), who married merchant Joseph Moody Boardman.
After the death of his first wife in 1855, he remarried in 1857 to Harriet Louise (née Campbell) Fowler, the widow of George Warren Fowler and a daughter of Archibald Campbell.
He died at Medford, Massachusetts in 1866. Pierpont's sixteen-page obituary on the front page of the Atlantic Monthly was written by John Neal, his ex-business partner of fifty years earlier who later became an influential critic, writer, and lecturer, and who had named his second-oldest son (John Pierpont Neal) after Pierpont in 1847.
References
External links
The Antislavery Poems of John Pierpont Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, at the Antislavery Literature Project
The Tocsin, a broadsheet poem by John Pierpont, at the Antislavery Literature Project
The Anti-slavery poems of John Pierpont By John Pierpont. Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection. {Reprinted by}Cornell University Library Digital Collections
John Pierpont works Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection
Yale Obituary Record
Works by or about John Pierpont at the Internet Archive
Works by John Pierpont at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Rev John Pierpont at Find a Grave
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ad9
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Q2742221
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Werket
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742221
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Q5
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en
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John Werket
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human
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John Roland Werket (October 8, 1924, – June 4, 2010) was an American speed skater. He competed in seven events in total at the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics with the best achievement of sixth place in the 1500 m in 1948. In 1948, he also won the 1500 m event and a silver allround medal at the world championships. This was the best achievement for an American skater, surpassed only in 1977 by Eric Heiden. In 1950, Werket finished in third place allround, but won the 500 m and 1,500 m events. In 1952, he finished second in the 500 m and 1,500 m and tenth overall.
After graduating from Roosevelt High School in Minneapolis, he enlisted as paratrooper with the 101st Airborne Division and fought in World War II. He then graduated from Augsburg College in 1949. Werket was of Norwegian descent. While competing in Hamar, Norway, he met Vesla Bekkevoll, then aged 16, and married her on August 17, 1951 in Minneapolis. He retired from competitions after the 1952 World Championships and coached skating, first at the Richfield Skating Club, and then with the US national team, preparing it to the 1972 Winter Olympics. His trainees included Diane Holum and Eric Heiden. In parallel he worked at the Northern States Power Company and eventually advanced to an executive position. He retired in 1983 after 32 years with the Northern States Power and settled in Sun City, Arizona, where he died in 2010 of stroke and cancer complications. He was survived by his wife and two sons, John and Jim.
Personal bests:
500 m – 42.0 (1956)
1500 m – 2:16.1 (1956)
5000 m – 8:44.6 (1950)
10000 m – 18:10.2 (1950)
== References ==
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John Roland Werket (October 8, 1924, – June 4, 2010) was an American speed skater. He competed in seven events in total at the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Winter Olympics with the best achievement of sixth place in the 1500 m in 1948. In 1948, he also won the 1500 m event and a silver allround medal at the world championships. This was the best achievement for an American skater, surpassed only in 1977 by Eric Heiden. In 1950, Werket finished in third place allround, but won the 500 m and 1,500 m events. In 1952, he finished second in the 500 m and 1,500 m and tenth overall.
After graduating from Roosevelt High School in Minneapolis, he enlisted as paratrooper with the 101st Airborne Division and fought in World War II. He then graduated from Augsburg College in 1949. Werket was of Norwegian descent. While competing in Hamar, Norway, he met Vesla Bekkevoll, then aged 16, and married her on August 17, 1951 in Minneapolis. He retired from competitions after the 1952 World Championships and coached skating, first at the Richfield Skating Club, and then with the US national team, preparing it to the 1972 Winter Olympics. His trainees included Diane Holum and Eric Heiden. In parallel he worked at the Northern States Power Company and eventually advanced to an executive position. He retired in 1983 after 32 years with the Northern States Power and settled in Sun City, Arizona, where he died in 2010 of stroke and cancer complications. He was survived by his wife and two sons, John and Jim.
Personal bests:
500 m – 42.0 (1956)
1500 m – 2:16.1 (1956)
5000 m – 8:44.6 (1950)
10000 m – 18:10.2 (1950)
== References ==
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ada
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Q2742300
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_E._Hirsch
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742300
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Q5
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en
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Jorge E. Hirsch
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human
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{"categories": ["Category:1953 births", "Category:21st-century American physicists", "Category:Academics from Buenos Aires", "Category:All BLP articles lacking sources", "Category:Argentine expatriates in the United States", "Category:Argentine physicists", "Category:Articles with hCards", "Category:BLP articles lacking sources from June 2009", "Category:Bibliometricians", "Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society", "Category:Living people", "Category:Scientists from Buenos Aires", "Category:University of Buenos Aires alumni", "Category:University of California, San Diego faculty", "Category:University of Chicago alumni"], "sections": {"Background": "Hirsch was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Buenos Aires, and a CONICET research fellowship in 1975. A Fulbright Scholarship awarded to him in 1976 took him to the University of Chicago, where he received a Telegdi Prize for the best Candidacy Examination in 1977 and was awarded the Victor J. Andrew Memorial Fellowship in 1978. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1980 and served as a post-doctoral research associate in the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Following this experience, he joined the University of California, San Diego Department of Physics in 1983.", "Research": "", "Nuclear war analyses": "During early 2006 Hirsch argued that \"multiple pieces of independent evidence suggest that America is embarked in a premeditated path that will lead inexorably to the use of nuclear weapons against Iran in the very near future\"\nand that \"neither the media nor Congress are bringing up the inconvenient little fact that the military option will necessarily lead to the use of nuclear weapons against Iran.\"\nHe also speculated that in order to justify an attack on Iran using nuclear weapons, US authorities might make a false, but difficult to disprove, claim that Iranian biologists are trying to develop a strain of the H5N1 avian flu virus which would be transmissible from human to human, and which would be transported to Europe by birds migrating north with the onset of the northern summer of 2006.\nIn April 2006, Hirsch initiated a letter to President George W. Bush, co-signed by twelve other physicists, warning of the dangers of using tactical nuclear weapons against Iran. The letter, dated April 17, was in response to articles in The New Yorker and The Washington Post that indicated the Pentagon was actively considering such options.", "References": "", "External links": "Hirsch's research and public service page\nExclusive: official investigation reveals how superconductivity physicist faked blockbuster results \"The first inquiry was initiated after Jorge Hirsch, a condensed-matter theorist at the University of California, San Diego, sent complaints to Rochester. The university asked three unnamed internal reviewers, and Dias contacted one external reviewer to examine Hirsch's claims. Information in the report suggests that the external reviewer is Maddury Somayazulu, a physicist at Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois.\" [1]\nSuperconductor or FRAUD? Jorge Hirsch on the INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast [2]"}, "links": ["American Physical Society", "ArXiv", "ArXiv (identifier)", "Argentina", "Argentine American", "Avian flu virus", "BCS theory", "Bibcode (identifier)", "Bibliometry", "Biological engineering", "Brian Keating", "Buenos Aires", "CONICET", "Doctor of Philosophy", "Doi (identifier)", "Electron holes", "Electrons", "Ferromagnetism", "Fulbright Scholarship", "George W. Bush", "H-index", "H5N1", "High temperature superconductivity", "Iran", "Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics", "Meissner effect", "PMC (identifier)", "PMID (identifier)", "PhD", "Physics", "Postdoctoral researcher", "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "Room-temperature superconductor", "S2CID (identifier)", "Scholar Indices and Impact", "Science (journal)", "Superconductivity", "The New Yorker", "The Washington Post", "Thesis", "Undergraduate education", "University of Buenos Aires", "University of California, San Diego", "University of California, Santa Barbara", "University of Chicago", "Valentine Telegdi", "Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons", "Wikipedia:Citing sources", "Wikipedia:Libel", "Wikipedia:Reliable sources", "Wikipedia:Verifiability", "Help:Authority control", "Help:Maintenance template removal"]}
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Jorge Eduardo Hirsch (born 1953) is an Argentine American professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. Hirsch received a PhD in physics from the University of Chicago in 1980 and completed his postdoctoral research at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1983. He is known for inventing the h-index in 2005, an index for quantifying a scientist's publication productivity and the basis of several scholar indices.
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Jorge Eduardo Hirsch (born 1953) is an Argentine American professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego. Hirsch received a PhD in physics from the University of Chicago in 1980 and completed his postdoctoral research at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1983. He is known for inventing the h-index in 2005, an index for quantifying a scientist's publication productivity and the basis of several scholar indices.
Background
Hirsch was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Buenos Aires, and a CONICET research fellowship in 1975. A Fulbright Scholarship awarded to him in 1976 took him to the University of Chicago, where he received a Telegdi Prize for the best Candidacy Examination in 1977 and was awarded the Victor J. Andrew Memorial Fellowship in 1978. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1980 and served as a post-doctoral research associate in the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Following this experience, he joined the University of California, San Diego Department of Physics in 1983.
Research
Physics
Hirsch's scientific work is involved with understanding collective, large-scale properties of solids, such as superconductivity and ferromagnetism, based on explanations starting from small-scale mechanisms. Hirsch's most significant work would be his attempt to unify theories of superconductivity with his theory of hole superconductivity which suggests pairing of electron holes that would lead to high temperature superconductivity as opposed to pairing of electrons in conventional BCS theory. He believes that there is a single mechanism of superconductivity for all materials that explains the Meissner effect and differs from the conventional mechanism in several fundamental aspects.
Hirsch was involved in a heated debate about a 2020 report of high temperature superconductivity. In February 2022 he was banned from posting papers for 6 months at the ArXiv for submitting manuscripts that had "inflammatory content and unprofessional language". On March 21, 2023 Hirsch presented at the American Physical Society virtual March meeting regarding the society's position on analysis of published data with regard to the controversial room temperature superconductivity debate. Hirsch also provided an overview of his perspective on the controversy with fellow UCSD colleague Brian Keating on the podcast Into the Impossible.
Recently, he has come out in strong support of the idea that photons emerge naturally from Maxwell's fields while assuming magnetic flux quantisation.
Bibliometrics
The h-index proposed by Hirsch in 2005 became a widely known alternative bibliometric parameter that combines both numbers of articles published by a given scientist and the numbers of citations of those articles in a single parameter.
Nuclear war analyses
During early 2006 Hirsch argued that "multiple pieces of independent evidence suggest that America is embarked in a premeditated path that will lead inexorably to the use of nuclear weapons against Iran in the very near future"
and that "neither the media nor Congress are bringing up the inconvenient little fact that the military option will necessarily lead to the use of nuclear weapons against Iran."
He also speculated that in order to justify an attack on Iran using nuclear weapons, US authorities might make a false, but difficult to disprove, claim that Iranian biologists are trying to develop a strain of the H5N1 avian flu virus which would be transmissible from human to human, and which would be transported to Europe by birds migrating north with the onset of the northern summer of 2006.
In April 2006, Hirsch initiated a letter to President George W. Bush, co-signed by twelve other physicists, warning of the dangers of using tactical nuclear weapons against Iran. The letter, dated April 17, was in response to articles in The New Yorker and The Washington Post that indicated the Pentagon was actively considering such options.
References
External links
Hirsch's research and public service page
Exclusive: official investigation reveals how superconductivity physicist faked blockbuster results "The first inquiry was initiated after Jorge Hirsch, a condensed-matter theorist at the University of California, San Diego, sent complaints to Rochester. The university asked three unnamed internal reviewers, and Dias contacted one external reviewer to examine Hirsch's claims. Information in the report suggests that the external reviewer is Maddury Somayazulu, a physicist at Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, Illinois." [1]
Superconductor or FRAUD? Jorge Hirsch on the INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast [2]
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36adb
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Q2742292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishal_Bhardwaj
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742292
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Q5
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en
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Vishal Bhardwaj
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human
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{"categories": ["Category:1965 births", "Category:21st-century Indian composers", "Category:All Wikipedia articles written in British English", "Category:All articles with dead external links", "Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2023", "Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2023", "Category:Articles with hCards", "Category:Articles with permanently dead external links", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:Best Adapted Screenplay National Film Award winners", "Category:Best Dialogue National Film Award winners", "Category:Best Music Direction National Film Award winners", "Category:Bollywood playback singers", "Category:CS1: unfit URL", "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata", "Category:Directors who won the Best Children's Film National Film Award", "Category:Film directors from Uttar Pradesh", "Category:Film producers from Uttar Pradesh", "Category:Films directed by Vishal Bhardwaj", "Category:Good articles", "Category:Hindi-language film directors", "Category:Hindi-language lyricists", "Category:Hindi film score composers", "Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni", "Category:Indian lyricists", "Category:Indian male film score composers", "Category:Indian male playback singers", "Category:Indian male screenwriters", "Category:Indian male singers", "Category:Indian male songwriters", "Category:Indian songwriters", "Category:Living people", "Category:Musicians from Uttar Pradesh", "Category:People from Bijnor", "Category:People from Bijnor district", "Category:Shakespearean directors", "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata", "Category:Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners", "Category:Use British English from August 2014", "Category:Use dmy dates from August 2014"], "sections": {"Personal life": "Bhardwaj was born on 4 August 1965, in Chandpur city in District Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh. His mother Satya Bhardwaj was a homemaker, and his father Ram Bhardwaj was a sugarcane inspector. His father also wrote poetry and lyrics for Hindi films. He and his family lived in Najibabad until he completed class five in school. They later moved to Meerut, where he played cricket for the state's under-19 team. His thumb broke during a practice session one day before an inter-university tournament, leaving him unable to play for the year. The same year, his father died, leaving him unable to continue his cricket career. \nHe had an elder brother who struggled for years in Mumbai to become a film producer, and later died of a heart attack. He composed a song at the age of seventeen. After hearing the song, his father discussed it with music director Usha Khanna. She used it in the film Yaar Kasam (1985). Bhardwaj later moved to Delhi to pursue his graduation at the Hindu College, University of Delhi. He met his wife, playback singer Rekha Bhardwaj, during a college annual function; she was a year senior to him. He is also an avid tennis player.", "Career": "Bhardwaj started playing harmonium for friends who were ghazal singers. After a few years, he took up a job with a music company called CBS in Delhi. He later went to Mumbai to become a music composer, and he only took to directing films to create the opportunity to compose music.\nHis interest in film direction was kindled after watching Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994) and Krzysztof Kieślowski's television series Dekalog during a film festival in Thiruvananthapuram.", "Craft and style": "Bhardwaj's films are often twisted, with portrayal of characters with grey shades. He also frequently adapts short stories and plays in films. The Blue Umbrella and 7 Khoon Maaf were adapted from Ruskin Bond's short stories. Maqbool, Omkara and Haider were adaptations of William Shakespeare's tragedies. Some of Bhardwaj's films take inspiration from real-life incidents. The Kashmir conflict was shown in Haider, the Mumbai underworld in Maqbool, and Talvar was based on the 2008 Noida double murder case. Bhardwaj frequently collaborates with writer-lyricist Gulzar, calling him his \"father\" and \"mentor\". Most treatments of his films are like documentaries. Haider was co-written by journalist-writer Basharat Peer, who was an eyewitness to the Kashmir conflict.\nBhardwaj is influenced by the filmmaking styles of Krzysztof Kieślowski, Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Akira Kurosawa. Kieslowski's Dekalog (1989) inspired him to become a filmmaker. Veteran actor Naseeruddin Shah says: \"I think he makes interesting films, even though I haven't liked all his works. But even his poor work is more interesting than a lot of people's so-called good work.\"", "Awards and nominations": "He won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction for Godmother. He then went on to win two consecutive awards: The Blue Umbrella, which won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film, and National Film Award – Special Jury Award for Omkara. Bhardwaj received two Filmfare nominations for Kaminey for Best Director and Best Music Director.\nHe won his second National Film Award for Best Music Direction for his production venture Ishqiya. At the 62nd National Film Awards, Bhardwaj won his third Best Music Director and Best Screenplay award for Haider. In 2016, Bhardwaj was given the Yash Bharti Award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh for his contributions in the field of cinema. He also received his second National Film Award for Best Screenplay for writing Talvar. Bhardwaj's Shakespearean trilogy— Maqbool, Omkara and Haider— was screened as part of an event marking the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare's death, co-hosted by the British Film Institute in London. In 2019, Bhardwaj won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director for his second Malayalam film Carbon.", "Filmography": "", "Music video": "", "References": "", "External links": "\nVishal Bhardwaj at IMDb"}, "links": ["1232 KMS", "15th National Film Awards", "16th National Film Awards", "17th National Film Awards", "18th National Film Awards", "19th National Film Awards", "2003 Cannes Film Festival", "2003 Toronto International Film Festival", "2004 Cannes Film Festival", "2007 Toronto International Film Festival", "2008 Noida double murder case", "2015 Toronto International Film Festival", "20th National Film Awards", "21st National Film Awards", "22nd National Film Awards", "23rd National Film Awards", "24th National Film Awards", "25th National Film Awards", "26th National Film Awards", "27th National Film Awards", "28th National Film Awards", "29th National Film Awards", "30th National Film Awards", "31st National Film Awards", "32nd National Film Awards", "33rd National Film Awards", "34th National Film Awards", "35th National Film Awards", "36th National Film Awards", "37th National Film Awards", "38th National Film Awards", "39th National Film Awards", "40th National Film Awards", "41st National Film Awards", "42nd National Film Awards", "43rd National Film Awards", "44th National Film Awards", "45th National Film Awards", "46th National Film Awards", "47th National Film Awards", "48th National Film Awards", "49th National Film Awards", "50th National Film Awards", "51st National Film Awards", "52nd National Film Awards", "53rd National Film Awards", "54th National Film Awards", "55th National Film Awards", "56th National Film Awards", "57th National Film Awards", "58th National Film Awards", "59th National Film Awards", "60th Filmfare Awards", "60th National Film Awards", "61st National Film Awards", "62nd National Film Awards", "63rd National Film Awards", "64th National Film Awards", "65th National Film Awards", "66th National Film Awards", "67th National Film Awards", "68th National Film Awards", "69th National Film Awards", "70th National Film Awards", "71st National Film Awards", "7 Khoon Maaf", "A. 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Vishal Bhardwaj (born 4 August 1965) is an Indian filmmaker, music composer, and playback singer. He is known for his work in Hindi cinema, and is the recipient of nine National Film Awards and a Filmfare Award.
Bhardwaj made his debut as a music composer with the children's film Abhay (1995), and received wider recognition with his compositions in Gulzar's Maachis (1996). He received the Filmfare R. D. Burman Award for New Music Talent for the latter. He went on to compose music for the films Satya (1998) and Godmother (1999). For the latter, he won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction.
Bhardwaj made his directorial debut with the children's film Makdee (2002), for which he also composed the music. He garnered widespread critical acclaim and numerous accolades for writing and directing the Indian adaptations of three tragedies by William Shakespeare: Maqbool (2003) from Macbeth, Omkara (2006) from Othello, and Haider (2014) from Hamlet. He has also directed the action film Kaminey, the black comedy 7 Khoon Maaf (2011), and the satire Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola (2013).
In addition, Bhardwaj produces films under his banner VB Pictures. He has co-written and produced the films Ishqiya (2010), its sequel Dedh Ishqiya (2014), and the drama thriller Talvar (2015), among others. He has composed the musical score for each of his directorial and production ventures, and frequently collaborates with the lyricist Gulzar. He is married to playback singer Rekha Bhardwaj.
Bhardwaj is the board member of Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image.
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Vishal Bhardwaj (born 4 August 1965) is an Indian filmmaker, music composer, and playback singer. He is known for his work in Hindi cinema, and is the recipient of nine National Film Awards and a Filmfare Award.
Bhardwaj made his debut as a music composer with the children's film Abhay (1995), and received wider recognition with his compositions in Gulzar's Maachis (1996). He received the Filmfare R. D. Burman Award for New Music Talent for the latter. He went on to compose music for the films Satya (1998) and Godmother (1999). For the latter, he won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction.
Bhardwaj made his directorial debut with the children's film Makdee (2002), for which he also composed the music. He garnered widespread critical acclaim and numerous accolades for writing and directing the Indian adaptations of three tragedies by William Shakespeare: Maqbool (2003) from Macbeth, Omkara (2006) from Othello, and Haider (2014) from Hamlet. He has also directed the action film Kaminey, the black comedy 7 Khoon Maaf (2011), and the satire Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola (2013).
In addition, Bhardwaj produces films under his banner VB Pictures. He has co-written and produced the films Ishqiya (2010), its sequel Dedh Ishqiya (2014), and the drama thriller Talvar (2015), among others. He has composed the musical score for each of his directorial and production ventures, and frequently collaborates with the lyricist Gulzar. He is married to playback singer Rekha Bhardwaj.
Bhardwaj is the board member of Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image.
Personal life
Bhardwaj was born on 4 August 1965, in Chandpur city in District Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh. His mother Satya Bhardwaj was a homemaker, and his father Ram Bhardwaj was a sugarcane inspector. His father also wrote poetry and lyrics for Hindi films. He and his family lived in Najibabad until he completed class five in school. They later moved to Meerut, where he played cricket for the state's under-19 team. His thumb broke during a practice session one day before an inter-university tournament, leaving him unable to play for the year. The same year, his father died, leaving him unable to continue his cricket career.
He had an elder brother who struggled for years in Mumbai to become a film producer, and later died of a heart attack. He composed a song at the age of seventeen. After hearing the song, his father discussed it with music director Usha Khanna. She used it in the film Yaar Kasam (1985). Bhardwaj later moved to Delhi to pursue his graduation at the Hindu College, University of Delhi. He met his wife, playback singer Rekha Bhardwaj, during a college annual function; she was a year senior to him. He is also an avid tennis player.
Career
Bhardwaj started playing harmonium for friends who were ghazal singers. After a few years, he took up a job with a music company called CBS in Delhi. He later went to Mumbai to become a music composer, and he only took to directing films to create the opportunity to compose music.
His interest in film direction was kindled after watching Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction (1994) and Krzysztof Kieślowski's television series Dekalog during a film festival in Thiruvananthapuram.
Music composer
In 1995, Bhardwaj made his debut as a music composer for the children's film Abhay. He went on to compose music for Fauji (1995) and Sanshodhan (1996). In 1996, he served as the music director for Gulzar's Maachis, for which he received the Filmfare R. D. Burman Award for New Music Talent and his first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. The film depicted the transformation of boys into terrorists during the Punjab insurgency in Punjab in the 1980s. The soundtrack composed by Bhardwaj became an anthem for politically restive college youth at that time. He later collaborated with Gulzar on TV serials such as Alice in Wonderland and Gubbare. His further projects included Betaabi (1997), Tunnu Ki Tina (1997), Satya (1998) and Hu Tu Tu (1999). At the 46th National Film Awards, Bhardwaj received the National Film Award for Best Music Direction for his critically acclaimed score in Godmother (1999).
In 2010, he composed the music for his production venture Ishqiya, which garnered him his second National Film Award for Best Music Direction and his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. He also composed music for Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli, the Hindi-dubbed version of the anime adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's original collection of stories, The Jungle Book. Apart from feature films, Bhardwaj has provided music for albums such as Sunset Point (2000), Ishqa Ishqa (2002) and Barse Barse (2011). He frequently collaborates with Gulzar.
Writer and director
Bhardwaj made his directorial debut with the children's film Makdee (2002), starring Shabana Azmi, Makarand Deshpande and Shweta Prasad. The film tells the story of twin young girls and an alleged witch in a mansion. It was screened in the Critics' Week (Spotlight on India) section at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.
Bhardwaj had read a short version of William Shakespeare's Macbeth and wanted to turn it into a gangster film. He had seen Akira Kurosawa's Throne of Blood (1957), which was also inspired by Macbeth. It inspired Bhardwaj to make it into a feature film. He then started working with Abbas Tyrewala to adapt the play. This developed into the 2003 film adaptation Maqbool starring Pankaj Kapur, Irrfan Khan and Tabu; it was set against the backdrop of Mumbai underworld. The film was screened at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival and at the 2003 Toronto Film Festival. Sita Menon of Rediff.com called it "..a visual gallery that is an intelligent blend of dark, tragic overtones and comic, satirical undertones." CNN-IBN listed Maqbool as "one of the 100 greatest Indian films of all time" in a 2013 list. In 2010, critic Raja Sen included it in "The Top 75 Hindi Films of the Decade" list.
In 2006, Bhardwaj again adapted Shakespeare, reimagining his tragedy Othello as Omkara. Set against the backdrop of the political system in Uttar Pradesh, the film starred an ensemble cast of Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Saif Ali Khan, Konkona Sen Sharma, Vivek Oberoi and Bipasha Basu in lead roles, with Devgn playing the titular character. It premiered at the 6th Marrakech International Film Festival, and was screened at the Cairo International Film Festival. At the 54th National Film Awards, Bhardwaj received the Special Jury Award (feature film) for the film, in addition to earning his first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director. Omkara met with widespread critical acclaim, but was a box office disappointment. However, it opened to a positive box office response in North America and the United Kingdom.
Bhardwaj's next project was the 2005 children's film The Blue Umbrella, based on Ruskin Bond's novel of the same name. It won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film in 2005. His followup was Blood Brothers (2007), a short film on HIV/AIDS with a run time of 13 minutes. It tells the story of a young man who, after finding out that he is HIV positive, allows his life to fall apart. It was a part of the 'AIDS JaaGo', a series of four short films directed by Mira Nair, Santosh Sivan, and Farhan Akhtar in a joint initiative by Nair and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The series premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival. The same year, he served as a writer for Sanjay Gupta's anthology film, Dus Kahaniyaan.
In 2009, Bhardwaj directed the action film Kaminey starring Shahid Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra. The film follows the rivalry between identical twins, one with a lisp and one with a stammer. He bought the story for this film from a Kenyan writer. It opened to positive reviews from critics upon release. Anupama Chopra gave a rating of 4 out of 5 and wrote "Kaminey is the best Bollywood film I've seen this year. It's an audacious, original rollercoaster ride. Written and directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, Kaminey requires patience and attention but the pay off is more than worth it." Kaminey was also a financial success, earning over ₹700 million (US$8.3 million) worldwide. The film earned Bhardwaj his second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Director and Best Music Director.
7 Khoon Maaf (2011), a film based on Ruskin Bond's short story, Susanna's Seven Husbands, was Bhardwaj's next directorial venture. The story revolves around Susanna Anna-Marie Johannes (played by Priyanka Chopra) who murders her seven husbands in an unending quest for love. The film was written collaboratively by Bhardwaj, Bond and American writer Matthew Robbins. It released on 18 February 2011 and met with positive reviews. A Zee News critic mentioned in a four out of five star review: "Vishal Bhardwaj does it again. The maverick filmmaker has once again woven magic with his latest blockbuster 7 Khoon Maaf".
In 2013, Bhardwaj directed Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola, a political satire set in the rustic surroundings of a village in Haryana. It starred Anushka Sharma and Imran Khan, with Pankaj Kapur and Shabana Azmi in supporting roles. Bhardwaj also choreographed a song "Oye Boy Charlie" in the film. The film received mixed reviews from critics, and underperformed at the box office.
In 2014, Bhardwaj made his stage debut with the opera A Flowering Tree. It was based on a classic folk tale by Kannada writer and scholar A. K. Ramanujan. In 2014, he completed his Shakespearean trilogy with Haider, based on the tragedy Hamlet. Set during the Kashmir conflict of 1995, the film starred Shahid Kapoor in the titular role, for which he, along with Bhardwaj, charged no money. Haider garnered widespread critical acclaim, though it was controversial among Hindu nationalists for its portrayal of the conflict in Kashmir. CNN-IBN's Rajeev Masand called it "an elegant, thrilling film that casts a brave, unflinching eye on the Kashmir struggle." At the 62nd National Film Awards, Bhardwaj won National Film Awards for Best Music Director and Best Dialogues. It also earned him Filmfare nominations for Best Film and Best Director at the 60th Filmfare Awards.
After a two-year hiatus, Bhardwaj returned in 2016 to direct Rangoon, a romantic drama set during World War II and starring Kangana Ranaut, Shahid Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan. About the film, Bhardwaj said: "In history, very few people know that India was also involved in the war. On the Burma border the British Indian army was fighting against Subhash Chandra Bose's INA (Indian National Army), who were then with Japanese army and Indians were killing Indians at the Burma border." The film opened to generally mixed reviews and failed to find a wide audience at the box office.
In 2018, Bhardwaj wrote, co-produced and directed Pataakha, starring Sanya Malhotra and debutant Radhika Madan as two quarrelsome sisters. It was based on the short story Do Behenein by Rajasthani writer and teacher Charan Singh Pathik, which he loved after reading it in 2013 in the Sahitya Kala Parishad journal. Udita Jhunjhunwala of Mint called the film "real and gritty" with Bhardwaj creating an "altogether authentic world". However, she felt that the film was stretched in length and "squanders its material advantage to pad out a fable that splutters and grunts before it gains momentum."
Producer
Bhardwaj produces his own films under his banner VB Pictures. In 2010, he produced the black comedy Ishqiya. Starring Vidya Balan, Naseeruddin Shah and Arshad Warsi, the film was directed by debutant Abhishek Chaubey. Chaubey had earlier assisted and co-wrote several of Bhardwaj's films. The film was an average grosser at the box-office. The film earned him his third nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. He teamed up with Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Motion Pictures to produce the supernatural thriller Ek Thi Daayan in 2013. Dealing with the theme of witchcraft, the film was based on 'Mobius Trips', a short story written by Konkona Sen Sharma's father. It received mixed reviews from critics, but proved to be profitable at the box office.
His next production venture was Dedh Ishqiya, a sequel to the 2010 film Ishqiya. Starring Madhuri Dixit, Naseeruddin Shah, Huma Qureshi and Arshad Warsi, the film was a critical and commercial success, earning ₹270 million (US$4.1 million) in India and abroad. In 2015, Bhardwaj wrote and co-produced Meghna Gulzar's drama thriller Talvar. The film was based on the 2008 Noida double murder case, and starred Irrfan Khan, Konkana Sen Sharma and Neeraj Kabi. Talvar premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, and was released in India on 2 October 2015 to positive reviews from critics.
Playback singer
Apart from composing music, Bhardwaj has also lent his voice to various songs for films like Omkara, No Smoking, U Me Aur Hum, Kaminey, Striker, 7 Khoon Maaf, Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola, and Haider.
Craft and style
Bhardwaj's films are often twisted, with portrayal of characters with grey shades. He also frequently adapts short stories and plays in films. The Blue Umbrella and 7 Khoon Maaf were adapted from Ruskin Bond's short stories. Maqbool, Omkara and Haider were adaptations of William Shakespeare's tragedies. Some of Bhardwaj's films take inspiration from real-life incidents. The Kashmir conflict was shown in Haider, the Mumbai underworld in Maqbool, and Talvar was based on the 2008 Noida double murder case. Bhardwaj frequently collaborates with writer-lyricist Gulzar, calling him his "father" and "mentor". Most treatments of his films are like documentaries. Haider was co-written by journalist-writer Basharat Peer, who was an eyewitness to the Kashmir conflict.
Bhardwaj is influenced by the filmmaking styles of Krzysztof Kieślowski, Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Akira Kurosawa. Kieslowski's Dekalog (1989) inspired him to become a filmmaker. Veteran actor Naseeruddin Shah says: "I think he makes interesting films, even though I haven't liked all his works. But even his poor work is more interesting than a lot of people's so-called good work."
Awards and nominations
He won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction for Godmother. He then went on to win two consecutive awards: The Blue Umbrella, which won the National Film Award for Best Children's Film, and National Film Award – Special Jury Award for Omkara. Bhardwaj received two Filmfare nominations for Kaminey for Best Director and Best Music Director.
He won his second National Film Award for Best Music Direction for his production venture Ishqiya. At the 62nd National Film Awards, Bhardwaj won his third Best Music Director and Best Screenplay award for Haider. In 2016, Bhardwaj was given the Yash Bharti Award by the Government of Uttar Pradesh for his contributions in the field of cinema. He also received his second National Film Award for Best Screenplay for writing Talvar. Bhardwaj's Shakespearean trilogy— Maqbool, Omkara and Haider— was screened as part of an event marking the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare's death, co-hosted by the British Film Institute in London. In 2019, Bhardwaj won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director for his second Malayalam film Carbon.
Filmography
Director
Music director
Music video
References
External links
Vishal Bhardwaj at IMDb
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36adc
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Q2742361
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Addey_(astrologer)
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742361
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Q5
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en
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John Addey (astrologer)
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human
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{"categories": ["Category:1920 births", "Category:1982 deaths", "Category:20th-century English male writers", "Category:20th-century Quakers", "Category:All Wikipedia articles written in British English", "Category:All articles needing additional references", "Category:All articles with dead external links", "Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2011", "Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2017", "Category:Articles with permanently dead external links", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:English astrologers", "Category:English astrological writers", "Category:People associated with the Friends' Ambulance Unit", "Category:People from Barnsley", "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata", "Category:Use British English from June 2012", "Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021", "Category:Writers from London"], "sections": {"Biography": "John Addey was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire in the UK on 15 June 1920 at 8.15 am and died at the Royal Homeopathic Hospital, London at 5.17 pm on 27 March 1982.\nHe attended Ackworth School (in Pontefract, Yorkshire): Ackworth was a Quaker School, although the Addey family were not Quakers themselves, and Addey was much influenced by the spirit of Quakerism – he was a conscientious objector during the second world war – and was later to marry a Quaker. During his time at Ackworth he showed some talent for poetry, but more so for sports: he was captain of most of the various sports teams organised by the school. He was head boy before leaving in 1939 and going on to Cambridge where he read English literature.\nHe left university and joined the Friends Ambulance Unit. While working there, he was struck down by severe Ankylosing Spondylitis, and was unable to walk without the aid of a stick for the rest of his life. Initial treatment required an 18-month stay in hospital, and it was during this enforced period of immobility that his energies turned inwards towards the two areas of study which were to occupy him for the rest of his life: philosophy and astrology (he had been interested in both from his mid-teens). He studied with the Faculty of Astrological Studies and was awarded his Diploma in the early 1950s.\nHe rapidly came under the influence of Charles E O Carter, who guided Addey's explorations in both philosophy and astrology. In philosophy this meant an acknowledgement of the worth of all the great world religions and philosophies, but an especial interest in the Platonic tradition; in astrology Carter (who was for some time the President of the Astrological Lodge of the Theosophical Society) encouraged Addey's mystical leanings. Central to Addey's later work on the Harmonic theory of astrology was the conviction that the mystical and the scientific were not mutually exclusive and that neither was complete without the other.\nAfter leaving the Amubulance Unit (where he had met Betty Poole, whom he married in 1946), Addey worked for a time as a private tutor in Wiltshire before taking up a teaching post at Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, where for many years he taught young polio patients who often were hospitalised for long periods.\nJohn Addey had three children, Etain Addey (author, A Silent Joy), Tim Addey (author, The Seven Myths of the Soul, the Unfolding Wings – the Way of Perfection in the Platonic Tradition, and Beyond the Shadows – the Metaphysics of the Platonic Tradition) and Jane Addey (who is a long time Waldorf handwork teacher).", "Astrological work": "According to Addey, astrology was not considered a scientific discipline because of the prejudices of orthodoxy, and a disinclination of astrologers to use the empiric and rational tools being refined by post-enlightenment scientists of all kinds. For this reason, Addey helped found the Astrological Association of Great Britain in 1958. He was the Association's first Secretary, and, on the resignation of its President Brigadier Roy Firebrace in 1961, became its second President, holding the office until 1973, at which point he became the Association's Patron. He edited the organisation's magazine, The Astrological Journal from 1962 to 1972, and was the prime mover in establishing the Association's annual conferences. He founded the Urania Trust as a registered education charity in 1970.", "Cited research": "Addey's astrological research methods have been cited in mainstream publications. One source cites Addey's work on astrological time twins (people who are born at the same moment and should therefore have similar traits) as \"perhaps the most extensive survey of time twins made by an astrologer.\" The authors describe their own independent study that considered Addey's criteria of timing between time twins.\nAnother source, a standard college textbook on the philosophy of science, provides a chapter with descriptions and graphic illustrations from one of Addey's studies as an example of astrological research. The study extended the statistical research of Michel Gauquelin by applying harmonic analysis to the data. \"Addey found that, as the planetary position at birth changed, the personality traits (determined from biographies) varied smoothly as in a spectrum... The spectrum repeats itself every quadrant.\" However, \"As Addey points out, planets with variable meanings are quite contrary to what astrology predicts.\" The authors regret that \"sadly, this intriguing work was cut short by Addey's untimely death.\"", "Writings": "Addey wrote numerous articles – mainly for the Astrological Journal, many of which are now available in his Harmonic Anthology (1976, new edition, AFA, 2011) and Selected Writings (AFA, 1976); his main work was Harmonics in Astrology (1975, latest edition, Eyebright Books, 2010). He was some way through a further book, A New Study of Astrology when he was taken ill in the winter of 1982 – this was completed by Charles Harvey and Tim Addey some years later (Urania Trust, 1996). The latter work included as appendices two small monographs – Astrology Reborn (originally published in 1972) and The Discrimination of Birthtypes (1974).", "References": "", "External links": "John Addey at solsticepoint.com.\nThe Astrological Association of Great Britain\nJohn Addey – short biography and 3 articles"}, "links": ["A. T. Mann", "Ackworth School", "Ankylosing Spondylitis", "Astrologer", "Astrological Association of Great Britain", "Astrology", "Barnsley", "Cambridge", "Cosmos", "Empirical", "English literature", "Faculty of Astrological Studies", "Friends Ambulance Unit", "ISBN (identifier)", "OCLC (identifier)", "Orthodoxy", "Patron", "Platonic tradition", "Polio", "Pontefract", "Quaker", "Roy C. Firebrace", "State University of New York Press", "Timaeus (dialogue)", "Wiltshire", "Zodiac", "Wikipedia:Link rot", "Wikipedia:Verifiability", "Help:Authority control", "Help:Maintenance template removal", "Help:Referencing for beginners"]}
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John Michael Addey (15 June 1920 – 27 March 1982) was an English astrologer.
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John Michael Addey (15 June 1920 – 27 March 1982) was an English astrologer.
Biography
John Addey was born in Barnsley, Yorkshire in the UK on 15 June 1920 at 8.15 am and died at the Royal Homeopathic Hospital, London at 5.17 pm on 27 March 1982.
He attended Ackworth School (in Pontefract, Yorkshire): Ackworth was a Quaker School, although the Addey family were not Quakers themselves, and Addey was much influenced by the spirit of Quakerism – he was a conscientious objector during the second world war – and was later to marry a Quaker. During his time at Ackworth he showed some talent for poetry, but more so for sports: he was captain of most of the various sports teams organised by the school. He was head boy before leaving in 1939 and going on to Cambridge where he read English literature.
He left university and joined the Friends Ambulance Unit. While working there, he was struck down by severe Ankylosing Spondylitis, and was unable to walk without the aid of a stick for the rest of his life. Initial treatment required an 18-month stay in hospital, and it was during this enforced period of immobility that his energies turned inwards towards the two areas of study which were to occupy him for the rest of his life: philosophy and astrology (he had been interested in both from his mid-teens). He studied with the Faculty of Astrological Studies and was awarded his Diploma in the early 1950s.
He rapidly came under the influence of Charles E O Carter, who guided Addey's explorations in both philosophy and astrology. In philosophy this meant an acknowledgement of the worth of all the great world religions and philosophies, but an especial interest in the Platonic tradition; in astrology Carter (who was for some time the President of the Astrological Lodge of the Theosophical Society) encouraged Addey's mystical leanings. Central to Addey's later work on the Harmonic theory of astrology was the conviction that the mystical and the scientific were not mutually exclusive and that neither was complete without the other.
After leaving the Amubulance Unit (where he had met Betty Poole, whom he married in 1946), Addey worked for a time as a private tutor in Wiltshire before taking up a teaching post at Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, where for many years he taught young polio patients who often were hospitalised for long periods.
John Addey had three children, Etain Addey (author, A Silent Joy), Tim Addey (author, The Seven Myths of the Soul, the Unfolding Wings – the Way of Perfection in the Platonic Tradition, and Beyond the Shadows – the Metaphysics of the Platonic Tradition) and Jane Addey (who is a long time Waldorf handwork teacher).
Astrological work
According to Addey, astrology was not considered a scientific discipline because of the prejudices of orthodoxy, and a disinclination of astrologers to use the empiric and rational tools being refined by post-enlightenment scientists of all kinds. For this reason, Addey helped found the Astrological Association of Great Britain in 1958. He was the Association's first Secretary, and, on the resignation of its President Brigadier Roy Firebrace in 1961, became its second President, holding the office until 1973, at which point he became the Association's Patron. He edited the organisation's magazine, The Astrological Journal from 1962 to 1972, and was the prime mover in establishing the Association's annual conferences. He founded the Urania Trust as a registered education charity in 1970.
Theory of "Harmonics"
Addey's most important contribution to modern astrology was the Harmonic theory, which sought to put the understanding of astrological effects on a clear and rational footing. Starting from the great Platonic statement (Timaeus, 37d) that "Time is an image of eternity flowing according to number", Addey identified astrology as "the study of effects in the world of flux and change" in a 1958 article, 'The Search for a Scientific Starting Point'; and later articulated the fundamental law – "all astrological effects can be understood in terms of the harmonics of cosmic periods". In other words, the temporal world is only truly understood when it is seen as making manifest the great eternal ideas – Platonic Forms – in ordered cosmic periods.
Reception of Addey's theory of Harmonics
James Holden, in his History of Horoscopic Astrology, writes that Addey's theory of Harmonics "excited some enthusiasm when it was first announced, but it has not found favor with most astrologers", adding however that most horoscope programs can calculate harmonics if desired.
Astrology Critics, reviewing Addey's Harmonics in Astrology (1976), writes that the book starts from the fact that even basic issues such as "which is the best system (Eastern or Western) in astrology, what is the correct house system, where is the cusp of a house, the delineations in 'good' and 'bad' aspects or 'good" and 'bad' signs." The review suggests that harmonics could throw a new light on such questions, but concludes that "what John Addey wrote is only the seed. The theory of harmonics in astrology needs more research and development in order to see how can be better applied in practice. Unfortunately it didn't made much progress since 1976".
Critique of traditional astrology
Addey's view was that constructs such as the twelvefold zodiac and house systems were unable to evaluate many of the effects of cosmic periods. Twelvefold systems allow patterns of 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 to be easily analyzed, but not cycles of 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, ll or greater than 12. The tools of astrology would have to be improved. He wrote, "We are all engaged upon the building of a science – a science which of course has practical application as an art. But what are the 'stones' with which this Science is to be built? This is an important question, for before any science can be truly unfolded, so as to realize its full potentialities, it must first be reduced to its fundamental concepts".
These fundamental concepts, he thought, were at their simplest the qualities of number manifesting in time. The search for some way of understanding these lead to the formulation of his theory of harmonics. His harmonic techniques presented a far more subtle and refined way of studying the complex pattern of the numerous cycles that make up the world in which we live. It broke out of the limitations of the twelvefold system of astrology.
The practical development of harmonics was facilitated by Addey's use of computers. Nevertheless, the initial vision of a basis for a rational astrology arose from a vantage point of Platonic and Pythagorean contemplation. For Addey, the value of astrology was as a way of seeing the great order of time as expressive of eternal forms and numbers. The value of the natal chart was that it was, in his words, "a diagram of the soul's contract with time and space"[9]. He was influenced by Plato's myth of Er described in The Republic, in which Plato suggests that the soul continually incarnates having made a positive choice to take on the opportunities and challenges of a particular terrestrial life, lived at a particular time, in a particular place.
Cited research
Addey's astrological research methods have been cited in mainstream publications. One source cites Addey's work on astrological time twins (people who are born at the same moment and should therefore have similar traits) as "perhaps the most extensive survey of time twins made by an astrologer." The authors describe their own independent study that considered Addey's criteria of timing between time twins.
Another source, a standard college textbook on the philosophy of science, provides a chapter with descriptions and graphic illustrations from one of Addey's studies as an example of astrological research. The study extended the statistical research of Michel Gauquelin by applying harmonic analysis to the data. "Addey found that, as the planetary position at birth changed, the personality traits (determined from biographies) varied smoothly as in a spectrum... The spectrum repeats itself every quadrant." However, "As Addey points out, planets with variable meanings are quite contrary to what astrology predicts." The authors regret that "sadly, this intriguing work was cut short by Addey's untimely death."
Writings
Addey wrote numerous articles – mainly for the Astrological Journal, many of which are now available in his Harmonic Anthology (1976, new edition, AFA, 2011) and Selected Writings (AFA, 1976); his main work was Harmonics in Astrology (1975, latest edition, Eyebright Books, 2010). He was some way through a further book, A New Study of Astrology when he was taken ill in the winter of 1982 – this was completed by Charles Harvey and Tim Addey some years later (Urania Trust, 1996). The latter work included as appendices two small monographs – Astrology Reborn (originally published in 1972) and The Discrimination of Birthtypes (1974).
References
External links
John Addey at solsticepoint.com.
The Astrological Association of Great Britain
John Addey – short biography and 3 articles
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36add
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Q2742552
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Daura
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742552
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Q5
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en
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Pierre Daura
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human
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Pierre Daura (in Catalan: Pere Francesc Daura i Garcia February 21, 1896 – January 1, 1976) was a Catalan artist.
He was born on Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, a few days before his parents returned to their home in Barcelona and registered his birth there as February 21, 1896. In Paris, in 1914, his French identity papers were issued with Pierre as his given name, and that is how he is usually known; however, he is known as Pere where Catalan is spoken.
Daura's father, Joan Daura Sendra (or in Spanish: Juan Daura y Sendra), was a musician in the Barcelona Liceu Orchestra and a textile merchant. His godfather was the famed cellist Pablo Casals. His mother, Rosa de Lima Garcia y Martínez, died when he was seven. He and two younger siblings, Ricardo and Mercedes, were raised by their father, who never remarried.
Daura received his art education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona, known as "La Llotja". His teachers included José Ruiz y Blasco (Pablo Picasso's father) and Josep Calvo. Whilst at La Llotja he also worked with the stage designer Joaquim Jiménez i Solà. At age fourteen, with his young friends Emili Bosch i Roger and Agapit Vidal Salichs, he set up a studio and sold his first painting at his inaugural exhibition to the Catalan artist and collector Eduard Pascual Monturiol, who said it reminded him of Paul Cézanne's work. In 1914, Calvo urged Daura to go to Paris to pursue his art career. He arrived there in the early summer that year and first worked in the studio of Émile Bernard, with whom he was friends for many years. Later, he studied engraving under André Lambert.
From 1917 to 1920, Daura served his three years of compulsory Spanish military service on Menorca and then returned to Paris In 1923, whilst painting a mural in Normandy, the scaffolding collapsed. He was badly injured and his left hand became permanently useless because of nerve damage. From 1925 to 1927, Daura and Gustavo Cochet, an Argentine artist, designed and made batik material for couturiers, until fire destroyed their studio and business.
In the 1920s, Daura frequently exhibited with the group Agrupacio d'Artistes Catalans, usually in Barcelona. In 1922 and 1926 he exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in Paris, but in 1928 he joined four others rejected by the Salon, Joaquín Torres García, Jean Hélion, Ernest Engel-Rozier, and Alfred Aberdam, and held a critically acclaimed exhibition at Gallery Marck: Cinq Peintres Refusés par le Jury du Salon. Daura had met Torres-Garcia in 1925, encouraged him to move to Paris, and arranged for Torres-Garcia's first show there, at Gallery A.G. Fabre in 1926.
In 1927, Daura met Louise Heron Blair of Richmond, Virginia, who was studying art in Paris, and they married in 1928. Several years later, Louise's sister married Hélion.
In 1929–30, Daura joined Michel Seuphor and Torres-Garcia in organizing the group Cercle et Carré (Circle and Square), which promoted geometric construction and abstraction in opposition to Surrealism. Cercle et Carré included Jean Arp, Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, Piet Mondrian, Antoine Pevsner, Kurt Schwitters, Joseph Stella, Georges Vantongerloo, and others. Daura designed the group's logo, which appeared on stationery, posters, and the three issues of a review; Torres-Garcia also used it later for his Círculo y Cuadrado (a name that also translates as Circle and Square) group in Uruguay. The only Cercle et Carré exhibition was held at Gallery 23, in Paris in April 1930. Virtually ignored by the French press at the time, Cercle et Carré is now considered of great importance in the history of modern art.
The Dauras visited the medieval cliffside village of Saint-Cirq-Lapopie, France, whilst on their honeymoon in 1929. Daura had sketched in the village in 1914 and had admired the terracotta-roofed houses clustered around the towering church. One particular thirteenth-century house, although in bad condition, had especially intrigued him, and in 1929 he and Louise purchased it. They moved to St. Cirq in May 1930 and began the house restoration project that continued for most of their lives. Their only child, Martha, was born September 24, 1930.
Daura won the St. Cecilia prize (4,000 pesetas) at a painting competition at the Monastery of Montserrat (Santa Maria de Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain), in 1931, and used the money for a painting trip to Deya (Deià), Mallorca, during the winter of 1931/32.
Daura exhibited frequently in the years prior to the Spanish Civil War, with solo exhibitions in Paris at Gallery René Zivy in 1928, in Barcelona at Gallery Badrinas in 1929 and 1931, at Gallery Syra 1932 and 1933, and at Gallery Barcino in 1935.
Daura, with his family, made his first trip to the United States in 1934–35, where he and Martha met Louise's family. Many Virginia landscapes he painted during this period were sold at the Gallery Barcino exhibition in Barcelona.
In February 1937, at the age of forty-one, Daura joined the Republican militia to fight against General Francisco Franco's forces. He was forward artillery observer and was seriously wounded on the Teruel Front in August 1937. Sent home to France to convalesce, Daura was given a medical discharge. Because he refused to return to Spain after the war, his Spanish citizenship (and Martha's) was revoked by the Franco government, which emerged victorious.
Louise became seriously ill, and in early July 1939 the family made an emergency medical trip to Virginia. She recovered, but World War II prevented their return to France. They established permanent residence in Virginia, and Pierre and Martha became naturalized U.S. citizens in 1943. Following the war, the family returned to their home in St. Cirq most summers.
Rockbridge Baths, Virginia is a small village in the foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, near Lexington, named after the warm springs once used as a spa there. Louise's mother gave her property there, including the springs, and the Dauras used a modest building on the land as a vacation home beginning with their first visit to Virginia in 1934–35. They also lived at the baths after they came to Virginia in July 1939 until early 1942, when they moved as caretakers to "Tuckaway", an historic property in Rockbridge County near Lexington. In the late summer of 1945 they moved to Lynchburg, Virginia, where Daura was chairman of the art department at Lynchburg College for the 1945–46 academic year. He also gave private lessons, instructing a young Cy Twombly in painting. He taught studio art at Randolph-Macon Woman's College from 1946 to 1953, then returned to painting and sculpture full-time.
In 1959, the Dauras built a contemporary house beside the springs at Rockbridge Baths where they lived the rest of their lives. Louise died November 10, 1972, and Pierre on January 1, 1976. They are both buried in the cemetery of Bethesda Presbyterian Church in Rockbridge Baths.
In the later years of his life, Daura said, "All I have ever wanted to do is to find a way to paint. I have painted. I have worked. I have given myself to my art. That is what I have wanted since my very early age... to be an artist, good or bad... that is what I am." His prolific output of works in many media attest to his lifelong commitment to his art.
Although the main body of Daura's work was strongly rooted in representation and the celebration of nature, he returned to abstract themes throughout his life. He is included in standard texts on Spanish and Catalan painting and in 33 Pintors Catalans (Barcelona, 1937, reissued 1976) by the art critic Joan Merli. Before the Spanish Civil War, Daura ambitiously pursued an artistic career. Subsequently, he created for his own satisfaction, fulfilled commissions, and sold works to support his family. He did not sell through commercial galleries after leaving Europe in 1939. Rather, he sold from his home or at exhibitions at academic venues and local art clubs. In the opinion of his daughter, Martha, traumatic experiences in the Spanish Civil War, followed by the tragedies of World War II, changed his outlook; personal fame ceased to be important. His work is now included in many private collections, primarily in Barcelona, France and Virginia. Major collections are also held by some forty-eight museums in France, Spain, and the United States. His papers, including letters to other Cercle et Carré artists such as Michel Seuphor are Joaquín Torres García, are in the Pierre Daura Center at the Georgia Museum of Art.
The medieval village where Daura passed so much of his life, St. Cirq-Lapopie, is a French historic monument, as is his former home. The Daura property was donated to the French Région Midi-Pyrenées in 2002, and is now used as an artists' colony, "Les Maisons Daura", administered by the Maison des arts Georges Pompidou.
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Pierre Daura (in Catalan: Pere Francesc Daura i Garcia February 21, 1896 – January 1, 1976) was a Catalan artist.
He was born on Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, a few days before his parents returned to their home in Barcelona and registered his birth there as February 21, 1896. In Paris, in 1914, his French identity papers were issued with Pierre as his given name, and that is how he is usually known; however, he is known as Pere where Catalan is spoken.
Daura's father, Joan Daura Sendra (or in Spanish: Juan Daura y Sendra), was a musician in the Barcelona Liceu Orchestra and a textile merchant. His godfather was the famed cellist Pablo Casals. His mother, Rosa de Lima Garcia y Martínez, died when he was seven. He and two younger siblings, Ricardo and Mercedes, were raised by their father, who never remarried.
Daura received his art education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona, known as "La Llotja". His teachers included José Ruiz y Blasco (Pablo Picasso's father) and Josep Calvo. Whilst at La Llotja he also worked with the stage designer Joaquim Jiménez i Solà. At age fourteen, with his young friends Emili Bosch i Roger and Agapit Vidal Salichs, he set up a studio and sold his first painting at his inaugural exhibition to the Catalan artist and collector Eduard Pascual Monturiol, who said it reminded him of Paul Cézanne's work. In 1914, Calvo urged Daura to go to Paris to pursue his art career. He arrived there in the early summer that year and first worked in the studio of Émile Bernard, with whom he was friends for many years. Later, he studied engraving under André Lambert.
From 1917 to 1920, Daura served his three years of compulsory Spanish military service on Menorca and then returned to Paris In 1923, whilst painting a mural in Normandy, the scaffolding collapsed. He was badly injured and his left hand became permanently useless because of nerve damage. From 1925 to 1927, Daura and Gustavo Cochet, an Argentine artist, designed and made batik material for couturiers, until fire destroyed their studio and business.
In the 1920s, Daura frequently exhibited with the group Agrupacio d'Artistes Catalans, usually in Barcelona. In 1922 and 1926 he exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in Paris, but in 1928 he joined four others rejected by the Salon, Joaquín Torres García, Jean Hélion, Ernest Engel-Rozier, and Alfred Aberdam, and held a critically acclaimed exhibition at Gallery Marck: Cinq Peintres Refusés par le Jury du Salon. Daura had met Torres-Garcia in 1925, encouraged him to move to Paris, and arranged for Torres-Garcia's first show there, at Gallery A.G. Fabre in 1926.
In 1927, Daura met Louise Heron Blair of Richmond, Virginia, who was studying art in Paris, and they married in 1928. Several years later, Louise's sister married Hélion.
In 1929–30, Daura joined Michel Seuphor and Torres-Garcia in organizing the group Cercle et Carré (Circle and Square), which promoted geometric construction and abstraction in opposition to Surrealism. Cercle et Carré included Jean Arp, Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, Piet Mondrian, Antoine Pevsner, Kurt Schwitters, Joseph Stella, Georges Vantongerloo, and others. Daura designed the group's logo, which appeared on stationery, posters, and the three issues of a review; Torres-Garcia also used it later for his Círculo y Cuadrado (a name that also translates as Circle and Square) group in Uruguay. The only Cercle et Carré exhibition was held at Gallery 23, in Paris in April 1930. Virtually ignored by the French press at the time, Cercle et Carré is now considered of great importance in the history of modern art.
The Dauras visited the medieval cliffside village of Saint-Cirq-Lapopie, France, whilst on their honeymoon in 1929. Daura had sketched in the village in 1914 and had admired the terracotta-roofed houses clustered around the towering church. One particular thirteenth-century house, although in bad condition, had especially intrigued him, and in 1929 he and Louise purchased it. They moved to St. Cirq in May 1930 and began the house restoration project that continued for most of their lives. Their only child, Martha, was born September 24, 1930.
Daura won the St. Cecilia prize (4,000 pesetas) at a painting competition at the Monastery of Montserrat (Santa Maria de Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain), in 1931, and used the money for a painting trip to Deya (Deià), Mallorca, during the winter of 1931/32.
Daura exhibited frequently in the years prior to the Spanish Civil War, with solo exhibitions in Paris at Gallery René Zivy in 1928, in Barcelona at Gallery Badrinas in 1929 and 1931, at Gallery Syra 1932 and 1933, and at Gallery Barcino in 1935.
Daura, with his family, made his first trip to the United States in 1934–35, where he and Martha met Louise's family. Many Virginia landscapes he painted during this period were sold at the Gallery Barcino exhibition in Barcelona.
In February 1937, at the age of forty-one, Daura joined the Republican militia to fight against General Francisco Franco's forces. He was forward artillery observer and was seriously wounded on the Teruel Front in August 1937. Sent home to France to convalesce, Daura was given a medical discharge. Because he refused to return to Spain after the war, his Spanish citizenship (and Martha's) was revoked by the Franco government, which emerged victorious.
Louise became seriously ill, and in early July 1939 the family made an emergency medical trip to Virginia. She recovered, but World War II prevented their return to France. They established permanent residence in Virginia, and Pierre and Martha became naturalized U.S. citizens in 1943. Following the war, the family returned to their home in St. Cirq most summers.
Rockbridge Baths, Virginia is a small village in the foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, near Lexington, named after the warm springs once used as a spa there. Louise's mother gave her property there, including the springs, and the Dauras used a modest building on the land as a vacation home beginning with their first visit to Virginia in 1934–35. They also lived at the baths after they came to Virginia in July 1939 until early 1942, when they moved as caretakers to "Tuckaway", an historic property in Rockbridge County near Lexington. In the late summer of 1945 they moved to Lynchburg, Virginia, where Daura was chairman of the art department at Lynchburg College for the 1945–46 academic year. He also gave private lessons, instructing a young Cy Twombly in painting. He taught studio art at Randolph-Macon Woman's College from 1946 to 1953, then returned to painting and sculpture full-time.
In 1959, the Dauras built a contemporary house beside the springs at Rockbridge Baths where they lived the rest of their lives. Louise died November 10, 1972, and Pierre on January 1, 1976. They are both buried in the cemetery of Bethesda Presbyterian Church in Rockbridge Baths.
In the later years of his life, Daura said, "All I have ever wanted to do is to find a way to paint. I have painted. I have worked. I have given myself to my art. That is what I have wanted since my very early age... to be an artist, good or bad... that is what I am." His prolific output of works in many media attest to his lifelong commitment to his art.
Although the main body of Daura's work was strongly rooted in representation and the celebration of nature, he returned to abstract themes throughout his life. He is included in standard texts on Spanish and Catalan painting and in 33 Pintors Catalans (Barcelona, 1937, reissued 1976) by the art critic Joan Merli. Before the Spanish Civil War, Daura ambitiously pursued an artistic career. Subsequently, he created for his own satisfaction, fulfilled commissions, and sold works to support his family. He did not sell through commercial galleries after leaving Europe in 1939. Rather, he sold from his home or at exhibitions at academic venues and local art clubs. In the opinion of his daughter, Martha, traumatic experiences in the Spanish Civil War, followed by the tragedies of World War II, changed his outlook; personal fame ceased to be important. His work is now included in many private collections, primarily in Barcelona, France and Virginia. Major collections are also held by some forty-eight museums in France, Spain, and the United States. His papers, including letters to other Cercle et Carré artists such as Michel Seuphor are Joaquín Torres García, are in the Pierre Daura Center at the Georgia Museum of Art.
The medieval village where Daura passed so much of his life, St. Cirq-Lapopie, is a French historic monument, as is his former home. The Daura property was donated to the French Région Midi-Pyrenées in 2002, and is now used as an artists' colony, "Les Maisons Daura", administered by the Maison des arts Georges Pompidou.
See also
Cercle et Carré
References
Davis, Virginia Irby. A Biography of Catalan-American Artist Pierre Daura 1896–1976. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd. 2001.
Macià, Teresa. Pierre Daura (1896–1976). Barcelona: Àmbit Serveis Editorials, S. A., 1999.
Pierre Daura Archive, Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia.
External links
Georgia Museum of Art
Lynchburg College: Pierre Daura- His Life and Work
GMOA's Pierre Daura Center on Tumblr
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Q2742746
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Vladimir Colin
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British science fiction bibliographer Mike Ashley indicated that, of all the writers who debuted as contributors to Colecţia de Povestiri Ştiinţifico-Fantastice, Vladimir Colin is \"the best known outside Romania\", while Horia Aramă wrote: \"[Colin's] imaginary worlds entered in the most impressive European collections and are known in three continents.\" Early on, Colin's communist story Cormoranul pleacă pe mare went through a Hungarian-language edition. In the decades after it was published at home, Babel was translated into French, English, German, Russian and Bulgarian. Translations of Legendele țării lui Vam were also published into German, French, Russian, Bulgarian, as well as Czech, Polish and Japanese. It was published in English as Legends from Vamland, a version translated, abridged, and partly retold by Luiza Carol (2001). Basmele Omului came close in this respect, being itself known to an international public.\nIn 1992, writer Leonard Oprea founded the Bucharest-based Vladimir Colin Romanian Cultural Foundation as well as the Vladimir Colin International Award. Among the Romanian and international recipients of the Vladimir Colin International Award are Vladimir Tismăneanu, Andrei Codrescu, Nicolae Manolescu, and Șerban Foarță. In 2000, Ion Hobana and Gérard Klein instituted the Vladimir Colin Awards for excellence in science fiction literature. Due to various constraints, the awards were not granted for a period of five years after their creation, and they cannot be granted to past recipients. According to poet and science fiction author Michael Hăulică, who was himself a recipient, such issues have led to the awards' decrease in importance.\nAs a posthumous tribute, Nemira publishing house has republished Colin's fiction books in a Vladimir Colin author series. As of 2000, Nemira has exclusive rights on publishing Colin's work in Romania. Several authors took inspiration from Colin's work. In his 1976 novel Verde Aixa, Aramă expanded on Colin's Broasca themes. Among younger authors, Bogdan Suceavă acknowledges that Colin's writings, which he had read as a child in the 1980s, contributed to generating his own interest in fantasy literature, and in turn led him to write the 2007 book Miruna, o poveste (\"Miruna, a Story\"). Leonard Oprea dedicated his 2001 Cartea lui Theophil Magus sau 40 de Povești despre om (\"The Book of Theophil Magus or 40 Stories about Man\") to Vladimir Colin and the Orthodox hermit Nicolae Steinhardt, naming them as, respectively, \"father\" and \"teacher\". Mihai Iovănel nevertheless argues that, \"outside of fandom\", Colin's work remains \"mostly forgotten\" in Romania.\nArtists who have provided the original illustrations for Colin's books include Jules Perahim (for the 1945 translation from Mayakovsky) and Marcela Cordescu (for both Basme and Legendele țării lui Vam). Legendele țării lui Vam has also been reissued as a comic book by the French magazine Métal Hurlant, being illustrated by the Croatian artist Igor Kordey and circulated in France and Spain. Pruncul năzdrăvan (\"The Rogue Babe\"), part of Colin's Basme, was the basis for a puppet theater adaptation, first showcased in 2004 by the Gong Theater in Sibiu.", "Notes": "", "References": "Ana Selejan, Literatura în totalitarism. Vol. II: Bătălii pe frontul literar, Cartea Românească, Bucharest, 2008. ISBN 978-973-23-1961-1", "External links": "The Impossible Oasis, in the Romanian Cultural Institute's Plural Magazine, Nr. 4/1999"}, "links": ["1944 Romanian coup d'état", "A. 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Vladimir Colin (Romanian pronunciation: [vladiˈmir koˈlin]; pen name of Jean Colin; May 1, 1921 – December 6, 1991) was a Romanian short story writer and novelist. One of the most important fantasy and science fiction authors in Romanian literature, whose main works are known on several continents, he was also a noted poet, essayist, translator, journalist and comic book author. After he and his spouse at the time Nina Cassian rallied with the left-wing literary circle Orizont during the late 1940s, Colin started his career as a communist and socialist realist writer. During the early years of the Romanian Communist regime, he was assigned offices in the censorship and propaganda apparatus. His 1951 novel Soarele răsare în Deltă ("The Sun Rises in the Delta") was an early representative of local socialist realist school, but earned Colin much criticism from the cultural establishment of the day, for what it perceived as ideological mistakes.
Progressively after the mid-1950s, Colin concentrated on his literary career and abandoned communist ideology. He authored celebrated works such as the mythopoeia Legendele țării lui Vam ("Legends from Vamland") and fairy tale collections, making his debut in local science fiction literature with Colecția de Povestiri Științifico-Fantastice journal. His work in science fiction, culminating in the 1978 novel Babel, earned Colin three Eurocon prizes. He was given posthumous recognition for his contribution to the genre, and an award named in his honor is regularly granted to established Romanian science fiction authors. From 1970 until his death, he was one of the editors for the Writers' Union literary magazine, Viața Românească.
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Vladimir Colin (Romanian pronunciation: [vladiˈmir koˈlin]; pen name of Jean Colin; May 1, 1921 – December 6, 1991) was a Romanian short story writer and novelist. One of the most important fantasy and science fiction authors in Romanian literature, whose main works are known on several continents, he was also a noted poet, essayist, translator, journalist and comic book author. After he and his spouse at the time Nina Cassian rallied with the left-wing literary circle Orizont during the late 1940s, Colin started his career as a communist and socialist realist writer. During the early years of the Romanian Communist regime, he was assigned offices in the censorship and propaganda apparatus. His 1951 novel Soarele răsare în Deltă ("The Sun Rises in the Delta") was an early representative of local socialist realist school, but earned Colin much criticism from the cultural establishment of the day, for what it perceived as ideological mistakes.
Progressively after the mid-1950s, Colin concentrated on his literary career and abandoned communist ideology. He authored celebrated works such as the mythopoeia Legendele țării lui Vam ("Legends from Vamland") and fairy tale collections, making his debut in local science fiction literature with Colecția de Povestiri Științifico-Fantastice journal. His work in science fiction, culminating in the 1978 novel Babel, earned Colin three Eurocon prizes. He was given posthumous recognition for his contribution to the genre, and an award named in his honor is regularly granted to established Romanian science fiction authors. From 1970 until his death, he was one of the editors for the Writers' Union literary magazine, Viața Românească.
Biography
Early life
Born in Bucharest into a family of emancipated Romanian Jews. He was the son of Lazăr Colin, a civil servant, and his wife Ella. His mother was the sister of Ana Pauker, a prominent activist of the Romanian Communist Party and later one of Communist Romania's political leaders. On his paternal side, he was also the nephew of Liviu Cohn-Colin, who was a known lawyer employed by the Ministry of Commerce.
During World War II and Ion Antonescu's dictatorial regime, as part of Romania's adoption of antisemitic policies, Colin was denied access into educational facilities. At the time, together with poet Nina Cassian, he attended informal lectures on the history of literature and the work of William Shakespeare, given by writer Mihail Sebastian. Both Colin and Cassian had by 1941 joined the then-illegal Communist Party, as activists of its Communist Youth (UTC) wing—as Cassian recalled in 2008, they were motivated by a will to "change the world for the better", abhorring both antisemitism and fascism.
Colin married Nina Cassian in 1943. The two divorced five years later, and Cassian remarried Al. I. Ștefănescu. During their period together, both Cassian and Colin grew close to writer and literary critic Ovid Crohmălniceanu, later known as a Communist Party activist, as well as to future literary historian Geo Șerban and translator Petre Solomon. Later, Colin was again married, to graphic artist Marcela Cordescu.
Communist writer
After the August 1944 Coup against the pro-Axis Antonescu and the start of Soviet occupation, Colin became a noted supporter of left-wing causes. That year, at the age of twenty-three, he also graduated from Bucharest's Cantemir Vodă High School and had his first poem published in Victoria journal. The piece was titled Manifest ("Manifesto") and signed Ștefan Colin. Colin studied at the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Letters, but left the institution after only one year, spending much of his time working for the UTC, which employed him as publisher of its books. Having served as an activist for the UTC's Central Committee in 1945–1946, Colin was later a broadcast editor for the Radio Company's Bucharest branch, worked as an editor for various left-wing magazines, including Orizont, Flacăra, and Revista Literară. In 1945, he published Poemul lui Octombrie, a translation of Russian-language poems by Soviet writer Vladimir Mayakovsky.
As contributors to Orizont, Colin, Cassian and Solomon supported the view that writers were supposed to immerse themselves into social struggles, an attitude which represented one of the main literary tendencies in the post-war young literature of Romania. They were somewhat close to the group of writers gathered around Geo Dumitrescu, while contrasting with the bohemian group formed around Constant Tonegaru and the Kalende magazine, with the Sibiu Literary Circle, with the Surrealists (Gherasim Luca, Dolfi Trost and their colleagues), and with independent and distinct authors such as Paul Celan and Ion Caraion.
After the establishment of a Romanian Communist regime, Vladimir Colin became noted for his vocal support of the new authorities. In 2006, the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania nominated him (together with Ștefănescu, Sorin Toma, and others) among the prominent Communist activists responsible for censorship. In parallel, he was pursuing a career as a poet: his debut volume 27 de poeme ("27 Poems") saw print in 1947. Soon after, Colin came to affiliate with the Romanian socialist realist current, at which time he published the short story Flăcări între cer și apă ("Flames between the Sky and the Sea", 1950), followed in 1951 by the novella Cormoranul pleacă pe mare ("The Cormorant Heads for the Sea") and, later that year, by Soarele răsare în Deltă. All three writings were set in the Danube Delta. Although they were largely compliant with the regime's cultural guidelines, these books were judged to be unsatisfactory by many who reviewed them in the communist press, becoming the subject of a lengthy literary debate. The Writers' Union convened a special session to review Colin's case. On that occasion, several of his writer colleagues expressed criticism on behalf of the Union, among them Ben Corlaciu, Petru Dumitriu, Alexandru Jar, and Mihail Novicov, most of whom expressed the view that Colin was indebted to "formalism".
1953–1980
After he made his fantasy and children's literature debut with Basme ("Fairy Tales"), which earned him the State Prize for Prose for 1953, Colin adopted the fantasy genre as his preferred means of expression, following up with Nemaipomenita bătălie dintre Papură-Împărat și Pintilie ("The Incredible Battle between Emperor Cattail and Pintilie", 1953), Toroiman (1954), Poveștile celor trei mincinoși ("The Stories of the Three Liars", 1956), Zece povești pitice ("Ten Dwarfish Stories", 1957) and Basmele Omului ("The Fairy Tales of Man", 1958). These were accompanied in 1961 by mythopoeia, with Legendele țării lui Vam, also known as A Mythology of Man, which became one of his most popular works. In 1968, Geo Dumitrescu included his translation from French poet Charles Baudelaire into the luxury bilingual edition of Les Fleurs du mal, released under contract with Editura pentru literatură universală.
Vladimir Colin made his science fiction debut contributing short stories for Colecția de Povestiri Științifico-Fantastice, which functioned as a literary supplement for the magazine Știință și Tehnică and was edited by Adrian Rogoz. He became especially noted for his works in the science fantasy genre, beginning with the 1964 novel A zecea lume ("The Tenth World"). It was followed by the short story volume of 1966, Viitorul al doilea ("The Second Future"), the 1972 sword and sorcery novel Divertisment pentru vrăjitoare ("Entertainment for Witches") and short story collection Capcanele timpului ("Time Traps"), and the 1975 novella Ultimul avatar al lui Tristan ("Tristan's Final Avatar") and short story volume Dinţii lui Cronos ("The Teeth of Chronos"). One of the most successful books in this category was the 1978 novel Babel, which also established his reputation outside Romania. Colin also continued to publish non-science fiction works, such as the 1967 mythopoeic novel Pentagrama ("The Pentagram") and the 1984 narrative poem for children, Xele, motanul din stele ("Xelar, Tomcat Stellar"). Others include Povestea scrisului ("The Story of Writing", 1966), Imposibila oază, povestiri fantastice ("The Impossible Oasis, Fantasy Stories", 1982) and Timp cu călăreț și corb ("Time with Rider and Raven", 1985).
In 1970, Vladimir Colin became a member of the editorial staff for Viața Românească, an office which he held until his death. During that decade, he and Rogoz attended Cenaclul Marțienilor ("The Martians' Literary Club"), founded by Sergiu Fărcășan and grouping together other prominent Romanian science fiction authors and promoters—George Anania, Horia Aramă, Ion Hobana, and Sanda Radian among them. He was also acknowledged as one of the few Romanian comic book writers, and for thus contributing to an art and literary genre which was just building a tradition in Romania under communism.
Final years
His work in science fantasy earned Colin three Eurocon awards during his lifetime (a recognition no other Romanian writer has since equaled). In addition to one of the 19 Awards at Eurocon 1976, he won the Best Novel Award, for Babel, and the Lifelong Literary Achievement Award (1989). Babel was also the recipient of a 1978 award granted by the Bucharest section of the Writers' Union (he had previously won the same distinction for Capcanele timpului). In 1980, he received the EUROPA Prize, granted in Stresa, Italy. Also that year, University of Padua presented him with the Provincia di Treno European Award for his contributions to fantasy and children's literature.
In addition to his own literary contributions, Colin completed other translations from French literature. In 1980, he published with Editura Ion Creangă a version of Jules Verne's Carpathian Castle, which is set in Transylvania and depicts several ethnic Romanian characters. His text is noted for having largely preserved Verne's original spellings of Romanian-language words, whereas later translations attempted to identify their supposed source variants. Among the other writers translated by Colin are Pierre-Jean de Béranger, André Gide and Gérard Klein. He also compiled a French science fiction literature anthology—Un pic de neant. O antologie a anticipaţiei franceze contemporane ("A Piece of the Void - an Anthology of Contemporary French Science Fiction Literature", 1970)—, and a Romanian anthology published in France by Éditions Marabout—Les meilleures histoires de la Science Fiction roumaine ("The Best Stories in Romanian Science Fiction", 1975). In 1984, Colin suffered a stroke, which permanently impaired his writing abilities.
Work
Debut works and connected debates
For much of his early career, Colin was known for his proletkult poems and agitprop articles in the official press. One of these literary pieces constituted praise for communization under Romania's first five-year plan: titled Cîntec pentru primul plan economic ("Song for the First Economic Plan"), it was one in a series of propaganda pieces on the same subject (it also included works by Maria Banuș, Dan Deșliu, and Dragoș Vicol).
Vladimir Colin's socialist realist prose debut was with Flăcări între cer și apă, a story about Communist Youth militants in the Danube Delta area, engaged in a struggle with demonized anti-communist forces. It was first reviewed in the press by Viața Românească journalist and critic Marin Vasilescu, who noted its depiction of "amplified class struggle in the period of passage between capitalism and socialism", praising Colin for "managing to show the intrigues of the class enemy as a conscious and organized action". However, Vasilescu also introduced criticism of Colin's style, claiming that it failed in "deepening [its] central idea, the issue of vigilance", and that the investigations made by communist protagonists seemed "casual". Similarly, Cormoranul pleacă pe mare, which showed fishermen and sailors setting up a collective farm, was commended by Contemporanul journal for breaking with the tradition of Delta-themed "bourgeois literature", but disapproved for failing to show "that which is genuinely new about the communist sailor."
Soarele răsare în Deltă, also centered on the Danube Delta, and having the model-fisherman Artiom for a protagonist, prolonged the debate about the merits of Colin's literary contributions. Contimporanul 's Sami Damian opined that the writer "fails to portray in significant traits the complexity of new, advanced, phenomena which emerge in the Delta region", and that he lacked "profound knowledge of the new reality, [which] he has distorted, falsified." This critique of Colin formed part of a larger piece about the low "ideological level" of various novels, to which Damian opposed examples of works by Petru Dumitriu and Ion Călugăru. Writing for Viața Românească, critic Eugen Campus stood against Damian's pronouncements, notably praising Soarele răsare în Deltă for its treatment of the "exploiter" as a person of "gluttonous idleness", "cruelty" and "lack of humanity". He also noted that, "in general, [Colin] avoided clichés", but expressed criticism for the novel having little narrative focus (comparing it to a "meandering river") and for a "conceptual deficiency" which, he argued, tended to favor "that which is old." This verdict was backed by the local literary review Iașul Nou, which, although viewing the novel as an authentic work ("Vladimir Colin, we presume, is an actual son of the Delta"), added similar topics of criticism.
By the time when the special Writers' Union meeting was convened to discuss Soarele răsare în Deltă, Colin's case was being analyzed by the Communist Party organ, Scînteia. Official critic Sergiu Fărcășan, himself later known as a since fiction author, contributed the Scînteia column of May 1952 in which he reacted against the supposed leniency on the part of other commentators. The article notably likened the appraisals found in Campus' review of the novel with "book advertisements that used to be made by bourgeois publishing houses". It concluded that, as a writer, Vladimir Colin had "broken away from the masses." Literary historian Ana Selejan defines this verdict as "the official recommendation within the discussion". The Writers' Union debate itself, involving primarily the Communist Party unit, was summarized in a report issued by the Party's Agitprop Directorate as follows: "Colin was criticized by Party members for the serious mistakes of his novel Soarele răsare în Deltă." In a 1953 article, Campus revisited Colin's novel, listing it among the "works which falsify reality, which are mistaken from an ideological point of view" (also included in this category were books by Eusebiu Camilar and Ben Corlaciu).
Debut in fantasy
Colin's move to the modern fantasy genre, which he helped pioneer in Romania, came at a time when science fiction literature was used by the regime to further popularize its ideological messages. At the time, Vladimir Colin made controversial statements such as claiming that the fantasy genre was supposed to be employed as "a weapon in the hands of the people". However, Selejan believes, the beginning of this new period in Colin's career was equivalent to a "refuge". Colin himself said at that point that he was especially interested in what he saw as "the specific enterprise of literature": "exploiting the unconscious mind's conscience, in order to design essential fables, which would define the human condition."
Basmele Omului, one of Colin's first books in this series, groups modern-day fairy tales, and has been described writer and journalist Mihai Iovănel as a "wonderful" work. Published soon after, Legendele țării lui Vam is written as a collection of myths relating to a vanished civilization, which is supposed to have lived in the Black Sea area in the Neolithic period. Introduced as the translation of archeological finds in Northern Dobruja, the narrative centers on Vamland's founding myth, a fight between the god-of-gods Ormag and the human male Vam, one which starts as a "cat-and-mouse game" and ends in defeat for the family of gods and victory for the small tribe of humans. Trapped and chained by Ormag early in the narrative, Vam and his mistress Una inspire their descendants to meet the gods' cruelty with a passive form of resistance, and obtain their own immortality in the hearts of people. Commenting on this plot line, Horia Aramă believes that as "the symbol of the vital force of humanity", Colin's "hero without cape and sword" Vam, adds a new layer of significance to the ancient mythologies which are believed to have inspired it. Author Bogdan Suceavă describes the central elements of the books as being "the battle against fear" and "a cosmogony of fantasy", and praises the text for its "solidity and coherence."
Debut in science fiction
Colin's science fiction prose has been noted for its lyrical approach to the subject and the classical line of its narrative, displaying influences from Karel Čapek, H. P. Lovecraft and A. Merritt. Commentators have described his adoption of the genre as his distancing from older and newer communist imperatives of the period. Thus, according to Iovănel, Colin's writings of the period were equivalent with "an error in the system", for being "more aerial [than other works], and therefore less useful [to the regime]". According to critic Mircea Opriță, Colin, like Aramă, "did not penetrate into the science fiction realm just so they could exercise lightheartedly among the genre's cliché ideas and patented motifs." Likewise, Iovănel believes that, after the 1960s, Romanian science fiction literature, freed from the more stringent of ideological commands, was foremost represented by "survivors" whose early careers were marked by "sufficient compromises" with the regime, but whose later contributions to the genre were often outstanding. This criterion, he argued, applied to Colin, Rogoz, Fărcășan, Camil Baciu and, to a certain degree, Ovid Crohmălniceanu (who, late in his career, also wrote various science fiction stories). In discussing the "technicist mythology" of the science fiction produced in countries of the Eastern Bloc, Stéphanie Nicot, a French writer and editor of Galaxies magazine, notes that, although being "economically backward" in comparison with Western countries, Communist Romania, alongside the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of Poland, produced a "lively" science fiction literature. Also according to Nicot, Colin, like the Soviet brothers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky and the Polish Stanisław Lem, was able to evade "takeover by the single party", which had come to "largely suppress authors who were nevertheless not devoid of talent."
With A zecea lume, a science fantasy, Vladimir Colin moved closer to the conventions of the science fiction subgenres, even though the plot was secondary to its descriptive parts. The book depicts life on a planet named Thule, located on the edge of the Solar System, where humans live side by side with Martians, Venusians, and other creatures (including local inhabitants, whose column-like bodies are made from blue silicon).
With Viitorul al doilea, Colin introduces references to paranormal phenomenons and time travel. The series includes Giovanna și îngerul ("Giovanna and the Angel"), whom some see as the masterpiece of his short prose, contains allusions to one of the main themes in Romanian folklore, that of "youth without old age" (see Legende sau basmele românilor). In it, the world-famous poet Giovanna is led to the discovery that space radiation has turned her astronaut husband into a mutant, who can never grow old or die. In Broasca, one of his few purely science fiction stories, Colin probably takes inspiration from Lovecraft's The Colour Out of Space, showing alien beings attempting to contact humans, an experiment which fails when their amphibian emissary is unwittingly killed by a girl, who in turn becomes the source of a radiating purple light. Other Viitorul al doilea pieces have exotic locations on Earth for their setting. One such story is Lnaga, in which consuming an eponymous African mushroom leads the protagonist to synesthesia and an out-of-body experience, whereby he becomes his slave trading ancestor. Cetatea morţilor ("The Citadel of the Dead") shows a 17th-century mestizo man who, cheating Inca survivors into believing that he is the god Viracocha, gains access to the secret legacy of Atlantis.
Babel and other late works
In some of his other writings, the Romanian author adopted historical fantasy, sword and sorcery, and heroic fantasy, which he occasionally integrated within the framework of local history. The fantasy volume Pentagrama, favorably reviewed by Crohmălniceanu, evokes not only the pentagram's symbolic implication as a figure where five points on a circle always meet in nonconsecutive order, but also its presence as a cult object in many ancient traditions. The text thus aims to build connections with various mythologies, to which it constantly alludes, and is thought by Belgian critic Jean-Baptiste Baronian to take additional inspiration from the stories of Franz Kafka. Inspired in part by the style of Gérard Klein and his Overlords of War, the short novel Divertisment pentru vrăjitoare centers on the notion that the activity of a human brain can surpass that of any machine. It shows a Transylvanian witch with psychokinetic powers and the gift of precognition, whose ability to modify the future is harnessed by a group of time travelers. Ultimul avatar al lui Tristan depicts its hero, the eponymous alchemist, who is in the service of French King Henry II. Disguising his work as investigations into chrysopoeia, Tristan discovers the philosopher's stone and escapes into a fourth dimension world, from which he visits past and future, in an attempt to modify both his biography and the course of human history.
With Babel, his critically acclaimed novel, Colin was returning to science fantasy. The subject shares elements with Stanisław Lem's 1961 work Solaris, showing living creatures from the Solar System being trapped on a distant planet by the tyrant scientist Scat Mor. The group of prisoners includes the Venusian female Or-alda, the Martian contract killer Idomar av Olg su Saro and the human poet Ralt Moga, all of whom are exposed to psychological torture by their captor, who increases his energy by absorbing their suffering. Although Scat Mor succeeds in making his victims live out their nightmares, his experiment is tenaciously sabotaged by Or-alda, who uses magic as her weapon. Mihai Iovănel is skeptical as to the originality of Babel 's plot, arguing that the book may have partly plagiarized The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch, a 1965 novel by the American Philip K. Dick.
Legacy
Colin's work is one of the best-known samples of the local science fiction genre known outside Romania. British science fiction bibliographer Mike Ashley indicated that, of all the writers who debuted as contributors to Colecţia de Povestiri Ştiinţifico-Fantastice, Vladimir Colin is "the best known outside Romania", while Horia Aramă wrote: "[Colin's] imaginary worlds entered in the most impressive European collections and are known in three continents." Early on, Colin's communist story Cormoranul pleacă pe mare went through a Hungarian-language edition. In the decades after it was published at home, Babel was translated into French, English, German, Russian and Bulgarian. Translations of Legendele țării lui Vam were also published into German, French, Russian, Bulgarian, as well as Czech, Polish and Japanese. It was published in English as Legends from Vamland, a version translated, abridged, and partly retold by Luiza Carol (2001). Basmele Omului came close in this respect, being itself known to an international public.
In 1992, writer Leonard Oprea founded the Bucharest-based Vladimir Colin Romanian Cultural Foundation as well as the Vladimir Colin International Award. Among the Romanian and international recipients of the Vladimir Colin International Award are Vladimir Tismăneanu, Andrei Codrescu, Nicolae Manolescu, and Șerban Foarță. In 2000, Ion Hobana and Gérard Klein instituted the Vladimir Colin Awards for excellence in science fiction literature. Due to various constraints, the awards were not granted for a period of five years after their creation, and they cannot be granted to past recipients. According to poet and science fiction author Michael Hăulică, who was himself a recipient, such issues have led to the awards' decrease in importance.
As a posthumous tribute, Nemira publishing house has republished Colin's fiction books in a Vladimir Colin author series. As of 2000, Nemira has exclusive rights on publishing Colin's work in Romania. Several authors took inspiration from Colin's work. In his 1976 novel Verde Aixa, Aramă expanded on Colin's Broasca themes. Among younger authors, Bogdan Suceavă acknowledges that Colin's writings, which he had read as a child in the 1980s, contributed to generating his own interest in fantasy literature, and in turn led him to write the 2007 book Miruna, o poveste ("Miruna, a Story"). Leonard Oprea dedicated his 2001 Cartea lui Theophil Magus sau 40 de Povești despre om ("The Book of Theophil Magus or 40 Stories about Man") to Vladimir Colin and the Orthodox hermit Nicolae Steinhardt, naming them as, respectively, "father" and "teacher". Mihai Iovănel nevertheless argues that, "outside of fandom", Colin's work remains "mostly forgotten" in Romania.
Artists who have provided the original illustrations for Colin's books include Jules Perahim (for the 1945 translation from Mayakovsky) and Marcela Cordescu (for both Basme and Legendele țării lui Vam). Legendele țării lui Vam has also been reissued as a comic book by the French magazine Métal Hurlant, being illustrated by the Croatian artist Igor Kordey and circulated in France and Spain. Pruncul năzdrăvan ("The Rogue Babe"), part of Colin's Basme, was the basis for a puppet theater adaptation, first showcased in 2004 by the Gong Theater in Sibiu.
Notes
References
Ana Selejan, Literatura în totalitarism. Vol. II: Bătălii pe frontul literar, Cartea Românească, Bucharest, 2008. ISBN 978-973-23-1961-1
External links
The Impossible Oasis, in the Romanian Cultural Institute's Plural Magazine, Nr. 4/1999
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36adf
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Q2742879
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Santana
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742879
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Q5
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en
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Jorge Santana
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human
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Guillermo "Jorge" Santana (13 June 1951 – 14 May 2020) was a Mexican guitarist, brother of musician Carlos Santana.
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Guillermo "Jorge" Santana (13 June 1951 – 14 May 2020) was a Mexican guitarist, brother of musician Carlos Santana.
Early life
Jorge was born Guillermo Santana on 13 June 1951 in Autlán, in Jalisco, Mexico. His parents were Josefina and Jose Santana. and younger brother of Carlos Santana, Jorge started playing guitar in San Francisco when he was a teen.
Early career
At a young age Santana was in San Francisco based combo "Sounds Unlimited Blues Band" with Tom Lazaneo, Jim Dotson, Fred Pratt and Robert Lazaneo, formed in 1967 and finally calling it quits circa summer 1970, then joined a rhythm and blues band called "The Malibus" which later became just "Malo."
Later career
He was a member of the San Francisco-based, Latin-rock band Malo, who had a top twenty hit in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 with "Suavecito" in 1972. He released two solo albums on Tomato Records, Jorge Santana and It's All About Love, featuring former Malo members. In the mid-1970s he played with the Fania All-Stars. The band, Malo, which means "bad" in Spanish, played a combination of laid-back fusion of jazz, rock and a variety of forms of Latin music, similar to the sound of Carlos Santana, his brother. The band's debut album, called Malo was released in 1972 and included the song "Suavecito". The song, which had a smooth, melodic sound, made it to No.18 on the Billboard singles chart, and became a popular song for fans of Latin rock. Malo played together for four years and produced four albums until they broke up and Santana embarked on a solo career and played with the New York-based band the Fania All-Stars.
His distinctive guitar was a green Fender Stratocaster, acquired in the 1970s.
After a long split, Santana toured with his brother, Carlos. The album Sacred Fire: Live in South America was recorded in Mexico City on this tour, featuring Jorge Santana, who played a personalized orange Paul Reed Smith guitar.
In 1994 he recorded an album with his brother and Carlos Santana's nephew, Carlos Hernandez, called Santana Brothers.
One of his last musical contributions and performances was to provide songs with Abel Sanchez for the 2023 PBS "American Masters" (S37 E8) documentary series film A Song For Cesar on the life and work of farm labor unionist Cesar Chavez.
Sound
According to WBGO radio host, musician and band leader Bobby Sanabria Jorge Santana's sound with Malo can be summed up thus: "Picture Blood Sweat & Tears fused with Chicago, fused with Afro-Cuban rhythms and guitar driven rock. It was Santana on steroids."
Personal life
He died in San Rafael, California of natural causes on 14 May 2020, aged 68. He was survived by his brother Carlos and another brother, Antonio. He also had four sisters: Lety Santana, Laura Porras, Irma Santana, and Maria Vrionis. He was married to Donna with whom he had a son, Anthony and a daughter, Michelle. He also had one grandson.
Discography
Jorge Santana (1978)
It's All About Love (1979)
Santana Brothers (1994)
Here I Am (2009)
Gracias Madrecita (2011)
Malo
Malo (1972)
Dos (1972)
Evolution (1973)
Ascension (1974)
Santana
Sacred Fire: Live in South America (1993)
Fania All-Stars
Latin-Soul-Rock (1974)
References
External links
Official website
Biography Archived 2018-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
Jorge Santana discography at Discogs
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68ff3dee22660bf8c0b36ae0
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Q2742914
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raino_of_Tusculum
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http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2742914
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Q5
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en
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Raino of Tusculum
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human
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{"categories": ["Category:12th-century Italian nobility", "Category:All articles needing additional references", "Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2025", "Category:Articles with short description", "Category:Counts of Tusculum", "Category:People from medieval Rome", "Category:Short description matches Wikidata"], "sections": {"Sources": "Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. 1905."}, "links": ["Ancona", "Archbishop of Cologne", "Archbishop of Mainz", "Archchancellor", "Battle of Monte Porzio", "Castrum Algidi", "Cencio II Frangipani", "Christian I of Mainz", "Circegium", "Commune of Rome", "Count of Tusculum", "Ferdinand Gregorovius", "Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor", "Italy", "Jonathan of Tusculum", "Lariano", "Monte Cavo", "Monte Fiascone", "Monte Porzio", "Norma, Lazio", "Oddo Colonna", "Oddo Frangipani", "Oddone Frangipane", "Pope Adrian IV", "Pope Alexander III", "Pope Eugene III", "Ptolemy II of Tusculum", "Rainald of Dassel", "Robert II of Bassunvilla", "S. Flaviano", "Terracina", "Tusculanum", "Vicolo", "Wikipedia:Verifiability", "Help:Maintenance template removal", "Help:Referencing for beginners"]}
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Raino, also Rayno, Ranulf, or Reginulf (died after 1179), was the last count of Tusculum from an unknown date when he was first associated with his elder brother, Jonathan, to his own death. His father, Ptolemy II, died in 1153. His mother was Bertha, illegitimate daughter of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
He appears first in 1147, mortgaging Castrum Algidi to Pope Eugene III for 200 pounds.
Pope Adrian IV granted the fortress of Tusculum, which mortgage had bought from Oddo Frangipani, who in turn had purchased it from Oddo Colonna after Ptolemy was forced to mortgage it, to Jonathan in 1155. The Senate of Rome, however, refused to ratify the grant of the fortress to the count. In 1167, Raino appears for the first time as sole count. Pope Alexander III tried at that time to dissuade the citizens from attacking Tusculum, but to no avail. Raino called in the aid of Rainald of Dassel, the archchancellor of Italy and archbishop of Cologne. Raino and Rainald were besieged by the Romans in the old fortress of Tusculum. Help was requested from Christian, archbishop of Mainz, then in Ancona. With 1,300 Germans and Brabantines and the men of Robert II of Bassunvilla, Christian encamped beside Monte Porzio outside the city.
The Romans spurned all attempts at diplomatic resolution and marched an army of 40,000 on Tusculum. This was the largest army of Romans in many centuries to march into the field. The leader may have been Oddo Frangipani. The momentous Battle of Monte Porzio took place on May 29, 1167. The Romans were defeated and Tusculum preserved.
In 1169, Raino traded Tusculum to the Prefect John for Monte Fiascone and S. Flaviano. When John left the city, Raino tried to reenter, but was refused by the citizens, who gave the city to the pope on 8 August 1170. In 1171, Raino finally renounced the city to the papacy. The last count of Tusculum was thus removed from his office and even denied entry into his newly acquired towns. The fall of his house had been rapid and sharp.
After his Tusculuan reign, Raino continued to be active in territorial politics. He ceded Lariano to Pope Alexander III in exchange for Norma and Vicolo on 11 October 1179. By a treaty with Cencius and Oddone Frangipane, he obtained Terracina and Circegium in exchange for Tusculanum and Monte Cavo.
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Raino, also Rayno, Ranulf, or Reginulf (died after 1179), was the last count of Tusculum from an unknown date when he was first associated with his elder brother, Jonathan, to his own death. His father, Ptolemy II, died in 1153. His mother was Bertha, illegitimate daughter of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.
He appears first in 1147, mortgaging Castrum Algidi to Pope Eugene III for 200 pounds.
Pope Adrian IV granted the fortress of Tusculum, which mortgage had bought from Oddo Frangipani, who in turn had purchased it from Oddo Colonna after Ptolemy was forced to mortgage it, to Jonathan in 1155. The Senate of Rome, however, refused to ratify the grant of the fortress to the count. In 1167, Raino appears for the first time as sole count. Pope Alexander III tried at that time to dissuade the citizens from attacking Tusculum, but to no avail. Raino called in the aid of Rainald of Dassel, the archchancellor of Italy and archbishop of Cologne. Raino and Rainald were besieged by the Romans in the old fortress of Tusculum. Help was requested from Christian, archbishop of Mainz, then in Ancona. With 1,300 Germans and Brabantines and the men of Robert II of Bassunvilla, Christian encamped beside Monte Porzio outside the city.
The Romans spurned all attempts at diplomatic resolution and marched an army of 40,000 on Tusculum. This was the largest army of Romans in many centuries to march into the field. The leader may have been Oddo Frangipani. The momentous Battle of Monte Porzio took place on May 29, 1167. The Romans were defeated and Tusculum preserved.
In 1169, Raino traded Tusculum to the Prefect John for Monte Fiascone and S. Flaviano. When John left the city, Raino tried to reenter, but was refused by the citizens, who gave the city to the pope on 8 August 1170. In 1171, Raino finally renounced the city to the papacy. The last count of Tusculum was thus removed from his office and even denied entry into his newly acquired towns. The fall of his house had been rapid and sharp.
After his Tusculuan reign, Raino continued to be active in territorial politics. He ceded Lariano to Pope Alexander III in exchange for Norma and Vicolo on 11 October 1179. By a treaty with Cencius and Oddone Frangipane, he obtained Terracina and Circegium in exchange for Tusculanum and Monte Cavo.
Sources
Gregorovius, Ferdinand. Rome in the Middle Ages Vol. IV Part 1. 1905.
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