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43 artworks by or after Annibale Carracci at the Art UK site
Annibale Carracci artistic context, technique and artworks
Annibale Carracci at the WikiGallery.org Archived 2012-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
Annibale Carracci, Christ Healing the Sick, 16th century, etching, Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifact Collections
Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
Painters of reality: the legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
Anthonie Palamedesz., also Antonie Palamedesz, birth name Antonius Stevens (1602 in Leith, Scotland – 27 November 1673 in Amsterdam), was a Dutch portrait and genre painter. He is in particular known for his merry company paintings depicting elegant figures engaged in play, music and conversation as well as guardroom ...
Life
He was born in Leith, Scotland as the son of Palamedes Willemsz. Stevens and Marie Arsene (in Dutch, called Maeijken van Naerssen) and was baptized on 9 November 1602 in South Leith. His father was a sculptor, stone cutter and court artist who was likely Flemish. His father carved semi-precious stones such as jasper,...
His father had married Maeijken van Naerssen in Leith on 6 June 1601. The couple had three children: Guilliaem (1601-1688), who became a tailor, Anthonie and Palamedes I (1605-1638) who also became a painter. After Anthonie's youngest brother Palamedes was born, the family left Scotland and established themselves in D...
Anthonie married Anna Joosten van Hoorndijck (died 1651) on 16 March 1630 in Delft. The couple had six children of whom a son called Palamedes Palamedesz. II. The son was traditionally believed to have been a painter, but the current view is that this was likely not the case. After the death of his first wife, he marr...
His pupils included his younger brother Palamedes, who died young in 1638 and was mainly a battle painter, and the painter Ludolf de Jongh.
While Anthonie enjoyed considerable financial success in his early years and was able to purchase an expensive house in Delft, his financial situation had declined considerably by 1668 when he received an exceptional subsidy from the Delft city counsel. He moved to Amsterdam to live with his eldest son at Oudeschans. ...
Work
General
Palamedesz. primarily painted genre works and portraits including individual and group portraits. He was known for his merry company paintings showing elegant figures engaging in play, music and conversation and his guardroom scenes of military life, which were highly appreciated by his upper middle class patrons.
Guard room scenes
He was one of the primary practitioners of the genre of the guardroom scene, which shows soldiers in guardrooms who are engaged in recreational activities. This genre was particularly popular in the Dutch Republic although it was also practised in Flanders by artists such as David Teniers the Younger. The principal exp...
In the early phase of the genre, guardroom scenes showed resting soldiers seated, in conversation while they relax and tend to their uniforms, arguing over loot, carousing with prostitutes, playing cards, smoking a pipe or engaging in other morally questionable behaviour. In a second phase, starting roughly around 1645...
In his guardroom scenes which he painted well into the 1660s, Palamedes typically depicts a large hall of a ruin or a castle, which is open at the rear and usually has a large fireplace. The centre of the scene is almost always taken up by an officer, who is chubby and wearing a tall hat and a small moustache. In many ...
Merry companies
Palamedesz. painted many merry company paintings, which show elegantly dressed merrymakers in fairly summarily painted interiors. Typically, the figures are partaking in the pleasures of alcohol, tobacco, games, courtship and music. He painted his most accomplished paintings in this genre early in his career. While s...
The interiors of these scenes are usually lit by a strong light entering from the left from two unknown sources. The figures are often typically crowded on one side of the picture. These scenes are reminiscent of works of contemporary artists in Northern Holland such as Dirck Hals, Willem Duyster, Pieter Codde and He...
Portraits
Palamedesz. was a sought after portrait painter known for his portraits of individuals, married couples and families with dead game, hunting implements and hounds. His Family Portrait of 1635 (Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp) recalls the Portrait of Anthonie Reyniers and His Family (Philadelphia Museum of Art) painte...
In some later portraits such as the Portrait of a Gentleman (private collection) he was able to cast off of the stiffness and sober demeanor typical of the sitters in his early works and make his sitters look suave. In his portraits from the 1650s he shows he was aware of developments in portraiture such as the fashion...
In the Family portrait of 1665 (Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam) he depicts a family group of eight among various animals and dead game on the rolling terrain of a country estate not dissimilar to paintings of the Flemish artist Gonzales Coques.
Other works
He also painted still lifes, including vanitas still lifes and kitchen pieces. He further possibly painted the staffage in a few views of church and palace interiors by Dirck van Delen and Anthonie de Lorme and in the Great Assembly of the States General in 1651 by Bartholomeus van Bassen.
References
External links
Media related to Anthonie Palamedesz. at Wikimedia Commons
Antonello da Messina (Italian pronunciation: [antoˈnɛllo da (m)mesˈsiːna]; c. 1425–1430 – February 1479), properly Antonello di Giovanni di Antonio, but also called Antonello degli Antoni and Anglicized as Anthony of Messina, was an Italian painter from Messina, active during the Italian Early Renaissance.
His work shows strong influences from Early Netherlandish painting, although there is no documentary evidence that he ever travelled beyond Italy. Giorgio Vasari credited him with the introduction of oil painting into Italy, although this is now regarded as wrong. Unusually for a southern Italian artist of the Renaissa...
Biography
Early life and training
Antonello was born at Messina around 1429–1431, to Garita (Margherita) and Giovanni de Antonio Mazonus, a sculptor who trained him early on. He and his family resided in the Sicofanti district of the city.
Antonello is thought to have apprenticed in Rome before going to Naples, where Netherlandish painting was then fashionable. According to a letter written in 1524 by the Neapolitan humanist Pietro Summonte, in about 1450 Antonello was a pupil of the painter Niccolò Colantonio in Naples. This account of his training is a...
Early career
Antonello returned to Messina from Naples during the 1450s. In around 1455, he painted the so-called Sibiu Crucifixion, inspired by Flemish treatments of the subject, which is now in the Muzeul de Artă in Bucharest. A Crucifixion in the Royal Museum of Antwerp dates from the same period. These early works shows a marke...
In his biography of the artist, Giorgio Vasari remarked that Antonello saw an oil painting by Van Eyck (the Lomellini Tryptych) belonging to King Alfonso V of Aragon at Naples and consequently introduced oil painting to Italy. Recent evidence indicates that an "Antonello di Sicilia" (di Sicilia meaning 'from Sicily') w...
Between the years of 1456 and 1457, Antonello proved himself to be a master painter in Messina. He also shared his home with Paolo di Ciacio, a student from Calabria. The artist's earliest documented commission, in 1457, was for a banner for the Confraternità di San Michele dei Gerbini in Reggio Calabria, where he set ...
In 1460, his father is mentioned leasing a brigantine to bring back Antonello and his family from Amantea in Calabria. In that year, Antonello painted the so-called Salting Madonna, in which standard iconography and Flemish style are combined with a greater attention in the volumetric proportions of the figures, probab...
Historians believe that Antonello painted his first portraits in the late 1460s. They follow a Netherlandish model, the subject being shown bust-length, against a dark background, full face or in three-quarter view, while most previous Italian painters had adopted the medal-style profile pose for individual portraits....
Although Antonello is mentioned in many documents between 1460 and 1465, establishing his presence in Messina in those years, a gap in the sources between 1465 and 1471 suggests that he may have spent these years on the mainland. In 1474, he painted the Annunciation, now in Syracuse, and the St. Jerome in His Study al...
Venice
Antonello went to Venice in 1475 and remained there until the fall of 1476. His works of this period begin to show a greater attention to the human figure, regarding both anatomy and expressivity, indicating the influence of Piero della Francesca and Giovanni Bellini. His most famous pictures from this period include t...
Return to Messina and death
Antonello had returned to Sicily by September 1476. Works from near the end of his life include the famous Virgin Annunciate, now in the Palazzo Abatellis in Palermo, and the San Gregorio Polyptych.
He died at Messina in 1479. His testament dates from February of that year, and he is documented as no longer alive two months later. Some of his last works remained unfinished, but were completed by his son Jacobello.
Style and legacy
Antonello's style is remarkable for its union of Italian simplicity with Flemish concern for detail. He exercised an enormous influence on Italian painting, not only by the introduction of the Flemish invention, but also by the transmission of Flemish tendencies. However, no school of painting formed after his death, w...
Selected works
Sibiu Crucifixion (1455) - Brukenthal National Museum, Sibiu
Abraham Served by the Angels - Museo della Magna Grecia, Reggio Calabria
Portrait of a Man (1460s) - Oil on wood, Civic Museums, Pavia
Ecce Homo (c. 1470) - Tempera and oil on panel, 42.5 x 30.5 cm, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Ecce Homo (1470) - Tempera and oil on panel, 40 x 33 cm, Galleria Nazionale di Palazzo Spinola, Genoa
St. Jerome Penitent - Various techniques on wood, 40.2 x 30.2 cm, Museo della Magna Grecia, Reggio Calabria
San Gregorio Polyptych (1473) - Tempera on panel, 194 x 202 cm, Regional Museum, Messina
Ecce Homo (c. 1473) - Tempera on panel, 19.5 x 14.3 cm, Private collection, New York City
Portrait of a Man (1474) - Oil on wood, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Madonna with Child (Salting Madonna) - Oil on wood, 43.2 x 34.3 cm, National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Man (1474) - Oil on wood, 32 x 26 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
Annunciation (1474) - Oil on panel, 180 x 180 cm, Bellomo Palace Regional Gallery, Syracuse
St. Jerome in His Study (c. 1474) - Oil on wood, 46 x 36,5 cm, National Gallery, London
Ecce Homo (1475) - Oil on panel, 48.5 x 38 cm, Collegio Alberoni, Piacenza
Portrait of a Man (Il Condottiere) (1475) - Oil on wood, 35 x 38 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Crucifixion (1455) - Oil on panel 52.5 x 42.5 cm, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp
Crucifixion (1475) - Wood, 42 x 25,5 cm, National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Man (c. 1475) - Oil on wood, Galleria Borghese, Rome
Portrait of a Man (c. 1475) - Oil on panel, 36 x 25 cm, National Gallery, London
Portrait of a Man (1475–1476) - Oil on panel, 28 x 21 cm, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid
San Cassiano Altarpiece (1475–76) - Oil on panel, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Dead Christ Supported by an Angel (1475–78) - Panel, 74 x 51 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid
Christ at the Column (c. 1475–1479) - Oil on wood, 25,8 x 21 cm, Musée du Louvre, Paris
Virgin of the Annunciation -Oil on panel, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Portrait of a Man (1476) - Oil on panel, Museo Civico d'Arte Antica, Turin
Virgin of the Annunciation (c. 1476) - Oil on wood, 45 x 34,5 cm, Museo Nazionale, Palermo
St. Sebastian (1477–1479) - Oil on canvas transferred from panel, 171 × 85 cm, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden
Portrait of a Young Man (c. 1478) - Panel, 20.4 x 14.5 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin