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Saint Jerome and the Angels (1617, Palatine Gallery inside Palazzo Pitti, Florence), size: 116 x 173 cm. |
Holy Family (Accademia Albertina, Turin) |
Virgin and Child (Museum of the Duomo di Viterbo) |
Holy Family with Saint Catherine (c. 1618, Museo del Prado, Madrid), size: 256 x 170 cm. |
Virgin and Child with Angels (ca. 1620), oil on canvas ( 61 × 49 in), Museum of Fine Arts, Houston |
Virgen con el niño (c. 1618, Colegio de Doncellas Nobles, Toledo) |
The Supper at Emmaus (c. 1615–25), attributed |
Young Violinist (Louvre, Paris) |
Young Violinist (Parelari Collection, Bergamo) |
Visitation (1622, Palazzo Comunale, Viterbo) |
Saint Cecilia |
Saint Jerome (Palazzo Margherita, Rome), attributed |
References |
Bibliography |
Stirling-Maxwell, William (1891). Annals of the Artists of Spain (Volume II). London: John C. Nimmo. p. 562. |
Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E. Borgianni, Cavarozzi y Nardi en España, Madrid, Instituto Diego Velázquez, CSIC, 1964, p. 22 |
Daniele Sanguineti Bartolomeo Cavarozzi: sacre famiglie a confronto, Ed. Skira (2005) |
Marieke von Bernstorff. Kunstbetrieb und Malerei im frühen 17. Jahrhundert. Der Fall Giovan Battista Crescenzi und Bartolomeo Cavarozzi. (Roman studies at the Hertziana Library, Volume 28), Munich, 2010 |
Papi, Gianni (2015) Bartolomeo Cavarozzi 1587–1625. Edizioni dei Soncino, Soncino. 325 pp. (Italian text) ISBN 8890964324. This is the first and only monograph on Cavarozzi as of 2019. |
External links |
A Caravaggio Rediscovered, The Lute Player, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Cavarozzi (see cat. no. 12) |
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi at the Museo del Prado online encyclopedia (in Spanish) |
Wikimedia Commons: Jusepe de Ribera, The Calvary (Crucifixion) (1618) oil on canvas (336 x 230 cm) Collegiate Church of Osuna (Accessed 30 December 2019) |
Bartolomeo Bulgarini (c. 1300-1310 – 1378), also known as Bulgarino or Bologhini, was an Italian painter of the Trecento period in Siena both before and after the Black Death. |
Bulgarini's name came into prominence in January 2021, when Portrait of a Young Man holding a Roundel by Botticelli was sold at Sotheby's for a record 80 million dollars (over 92 million after fees and commission). The roundel has an inset original painting of a bearded man (probably a saint), attributed to Bulgarini. |
Early life |
Bulgarini was born into a noble family, several of whose members had served in the Council of Nine, Siena’s central governing body. He is firmly in the Sienese school of painting, working in an Italo-Byzantine style on a gold ground. With his contemporaries, Simone Martini, Pietro Lorenzetti and Ambrogio Lorenzetti and... |
History |
Bulgarini’s oeuvre has seen much controversy in its reconstructions, with works formerly attributed to Ugolino Lorenzetti, a composite name constructed in 1917 by Bernard Berenson, referencing the stylistic similarities to Ugolino Di Niero and Pietro Lorenzetti, which he attached to a small body of nine paintings belie... |
The St. Victor Altarpiece |
This altarpiece (1348–1350), found in the Siena Cathedral, was one of four altarpieces commissioned by the Commune, that depict the four patrons saints of the city. The other three altarpieces: St Ansanus by Simone Martini, St Crescentious by Ambrogio Lorenzetti and St Savinus by Pietro Lorenzetti; were identified earl... |
Career |
The earliest mention of Bulgarini is in 1338 for a payment made for painting the cover of the Biccherna, the book containing the financial transactions for the Commune starting in the thirteenth century until the fifteenth century. He entered the workshop of Pietro Lorenzetti as an apprentice or assistant. In 1341 and ... |
The Assumption of the Virgin and Doubting Thomas Altarpiece |
The Assumption of the Virgin with Doubting Thomas (early 1360s) is a large panel painted by Bulgarini. It was part of an altarpiece for the chapel which housed a group of important relics acquired by the Santa Maria della Scala Hospital from Constantinople, which included the Virgin’s belt or girdle that she cast down... |
Works |
Works attributed to Bulgarini are found at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Art Museum in Boston; the Fogg Art Museum in Cambridge; the Städel Art Museum in Frankfurt (Blinding of St Victor); and |
the Wallraf Richartz Art Museum in Cologne (Enthroned Madonna and Child). |
References |
Further reading |
Boskovitz, Miklos, ed. The Alana Collection: Italian Paintings from the 13th to 15th century. Firenze: Edizioni Polistampa, 2009. |
Meiss, Millard. "Ugolino Lorenzetti". The Art Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 3 (1931), pp. 376–397. Accessed: 06/04/2012 18:05. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3050804 |
McClannan, Anne. “Bulgarini’s Assumption with Doubting Thomas: Art, Trade, and Faith in Post-Plague Siena”. Fleming, K.E., Adnan A. Husain ed. A Faithful Sea: The Religious Cultures of The Mediterranean, 1200-1700. Oxford: Oneworld, 2007. ISBN 978-1851684960 |
Pope-Hennessy, John & Kanter, Laurence B. (1987). The Robert Lehman Collection I, Italian Paintings. New York, Princeton: The Metropolitan Museum of Art in association with Princeton University Press. ISBN 0870994794. (see index; plate 7) |
Steinhoff, Judith B. 2007. Sienese painting after the Black Death: artistic pluralism, politics, and the new art market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
Bartolomé Esteban Murillo ( mure-IL-oh, m(y)uu-REE-oh, Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme esˈteβam muˈɾiʎo]; late December 1617, baptized January 1, 1618 – April 3, 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of paintings of contemporary women an... |
Childhood |
Murillo was probably born in December 1617 to Gaspar Esteban, an accomplished barber surgeon, and María Pérez Murillo. He may have been born in Seville or in Pilas, a smaller Andalusian town. It is clear that he was baptized in Santa Maria Magdalena, a parish in Seville in 1618. After his parents died in 1627 and 1628,... |
Early life and formative years |
There are few documents on the early years of Murillo's life or on his origins as a painter. In 1633, at 15, Murillo received a license for passage to America with his family. He probably began his artistic career, either during those years or slightly beforehand. Murillo began his art studies in Seville in the worksho... |
According to fellow painter and art historian Antonio Palomino, Murillo left Castillo's workshop after feeling he had grown sufficiently skilled in his painting. In 1642, at the age of 26, he allegedly traveled to Madrid, where he most likely became familiar with the work of Velázquez, and saw the work of Francisco de ... |
Palomino, instead, argued that Murillo's skill came from hours spent in his room, studying the natural world. He would use these skills when painting for the public, for the Franciscan convents throughout Spain, and for his fellow painters, who until then had little knowledge of his existence or art. In either case, hi... |
Career |
In 1645, he returned to Seville and married Beatriz Cabrera y Villalobos, with whom he eventually had ten children. Of these children, only five outlived their mother, and only one, Gabriel (1655–1700) later carried on the work of Bartolome as a painter. The year of his marriage, Murillo received the first major commis... |
Also completed c. 1645 was the first of Murillo's many paintings of children, The Young Beggar (Musée du Louvre), in which the influence of Velázquez is apparent. Following the completion of a pair of pictures for the Seville Cathedral, he began to specialize in the themes that brought him his greatest successes: the V... |
After another period in Madrid, from 1658 to 1660, he returned to Seville. Here he was one of the founders of the Academia de Bellas Artes (Academy of Art), sharing its direction, in 1660, with the architect Francisco Herrera the Younger. This was his period of greatest activity, and he received numerous important comm... |
Legacy |
Murillo had many pupils and followers. The prolific imitation of his paintings ensured his reputation in Spain and fame throughout Europe, and before the 19th century his work was more widely known than that of any other Spanish artist. Artists influenced by his style included Gainsborough and Greuze. Google marked the... |
Public collections |
The Museo del Prado in Madrid; Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia (such as Boy with a Dog); and the Wallace Collection in London are among the museums holding works by Murillo. His painting "The Coronation in Heaven of the Mother of God" is on display at the Basilica of St. Joseph Proto-Cathedralin Bardstown ... |
His painting Christ on the Cross is at the Timken Museum of Art in San Diego. Christ After the Flagellation is at the Krannert Art Museum, Champaign, Illinois. His work is also found at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and at the Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. |
Selected works |
References |
Further reading |
Palomino, Antonio (1988). El museo pictórico y escala óptica III. El parnaso español pintoresco laureado. Madrid : Aguilar S.A. de Ediciones. ISBN 84-03-88005-7. |
Murillo's painting The Spanish Page is the subject of an ekphrastic poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1837. See The Spanish Page. |
Rossetti, William Michael (1911). "Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 35–37. |
Xavier F. Salomon and Letizia Treves, Murillo: The Self-Portraits. New York: The Frick Collection, 2017. Accompanied exhibition |
External links |
100 artworks by or after Bartolomé Esteban Murillo at the Art UK site |
Scholarly articles in English about Bartolomé Esteban Murillo both in web and PDF @ the Spanish Old Masters Gallery |
Paintings in Museums and Public Art Galleries Worldwide |
Murillo Biography, Style and Critical Reception |
Murillo Gallery at MuseumSyndicate |
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Bartolomé Esteban Murillo" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. |
Murillo at ArtRenewalCenter |
The Madonna and Child., engraved by Robert Graves for The Easter Gift, 1832, with a verse by Letitia Elizabeth Landon |
Benedetto Bembo (c. 1423 - 1489) was an Italian painter and miniaturist. |
Biography |
Details of Bembo's life are scarce. He was likely born in Brescia, the son of one Giovanni from Cremona and the brother of painter Bonifacio Bembo. |
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