SimonSongHit/fengyun4A-cloud-detection-dataset

Fengyun-4A cloud detection dataset

The cloud detection dataset for Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) geostationary satellite supporting both physical and spatio-temporal data-driven algorithms.

Dataset description

Each folder contains cloud detection samples collected during the time period (UTC) indicated by the folder name, and includes the following three types of files:

• yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM.hdf5 provides the index, latitude, longitude, land-surface type, 3×21×3×3 (time×feature×latitude×longitude) input matrices, and label (1 for cloudy and 0 for cloud-free) for each target FY-4A pixel.

• yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM_Atmos_i.dat provides vertical profiles of water vapor, temperature, and ozone; near-surface meteorological variables (2-m temperature, 2-m water vapor, 2-m pressure, and 10-m wind speed); surface properties (land-surface temperature, albedo, and emissivity); as well as elevation, latitude, longitude, satellite zenith, satellite azimuth, solar zenith, and solar azimuth angles for the i-th pixel (i=1,…,9) in each pixel block at the middle time instance.

• yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM_Aerosol_i.dat provides vertical profiles of nine aerosol species for the i-th pixel (i=1,…,9) in each pixel block at the middle time instance.

File structure

Each folder is named yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM and contains 19 files.

{yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}/
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}.hdf5
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_1.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_2.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_3.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_4.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_5.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_6.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_7.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_8.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Atmos_9.dat  
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_1.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_2.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_3.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_4.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_5.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_6.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_7.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_8.dat
  {yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM}_Aerosol_9.dat

Example:

• 201901010500_201901010514/
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_1.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_2.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_3.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_4.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_5.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_6.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_7.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_8.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Atmos_9.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_1.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_2.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_3.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_4.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_5.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_6.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_7.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_8.dat
201901010500_201901010514_Aerosol_9.dat
  

Variables

Variables in yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM.hdf5

Variable	Description	Type	Units
Index	Index of each target FY-4A pixel	Integer	—
Latitude	Latitude of each matched FY-4A pixel	Float	°
Longitude	Longitude of each matched FY-4A pixel	Float	°
Surface type	Land-surface type of each matched FY-4A pixel	String	—
Input	Satellite data for each pixel block (3×21×3×3)	Float	—
Label	Label of the target pixel for each pixel block	Integer	—

Features for each input matrix

Feature	Description	Units
1	FY-4A AGRI Band 1 (0.45-0.49 μm)	—
2	FY-4A AGRI Band 2 (0.55-0.75 μm)	—
3	FY-4A AGRI Band 3 (0.75-0.90 μm)	—
4	FY-4A AGRI Band 4 (1.36-1.39 μm)	—
5	FY-4A AGRI Band 5 (1.58-1.64 μm)	—
6	FY-4A AGRI Band 6 (2.10-2.35 μm)	—
7	FY-4A AGRI Band 8 (3.50-4.00 μm)	K
8	FY-4A AGRI Band 9 (5.80-6.70 μm)	K
9	FY-4A AGRI Band 10 (6.90-7.30 μm)	K
10	FY-4A AGRI Band 11 (8.00-9.00 μm)	K
11	FY-4A AGRI Band 12 (10.3-11.3 μm)	K
12	FY-4A AGRI Band 13 (11.5-12.5 μm)	K
13	FY-4A AGRI Band 14 (13.2-13.8 μm)	K
14	Solar azimuth angle	°
15	Solar zenith angle	°
16	Solar glint angle	°
17	Satellite azimuth angle	°
18	Satellite zenith angle	°
19	Surface elevation	m
20	Pixel longitude	°
21	Pixel latitude	°

Variables in yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM_Atmos_i.dat

Variable	Description	Data type	Unit
Index	Index of each tatget FY-4A pixel	Integer	--
Pressure levels	Pressures of all layers for the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	hPa
Temperature profile	Temperature of all layers for the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	K
Water vapour profile	Water vapour concentration of all layers for the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	kg/kg
Ozone profile	Ozone concentration of all layers for the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	kg/kg
2-m temperature	2-m temperature of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	K
2-m water vapour	2-m water vapour concentration of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	kg/kg
2-m pressure	2-m pressure of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	hPa
10-m wind u	10-m eastward wind speed of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	m/s
10-m wind v	10-m northward wind speed of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	m/s
Skin temperature	Land-surface temperature of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	K
Elevation	Elevation of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	km
Latitude	Latitude of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Longitude	Longitude of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Satellite zenith	Satellite zenith angle of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Satellite azimuth	Satellite azimuth angle of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Sun zenith	Sun zenith angle of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Sun azimuth	Sun azimuth angle of the i-th pixel in each pixel block	Float	°
Albedo1	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 1	Float	—
Albedo2	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 2	Float	—
Albedo3	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 3	Float	—
Albedo4	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 4	Float	—
Albedo5	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 5	Float	—
Albedo6	Land-surface albedo of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 6	Float	—
Emissivity8	Land-surface emissivity of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 8	Float	—
Emissivity11	Land-surface emissivity of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 11	Float	—
Emissivity12	Land-surface emissivity of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 12	Float	—
Emissivity13	Land-surface emissivity of the i-th pixel in each pixel block for FY-4A band 13	Float	—

Variables in yyyymmddHHMM_yyyymmddHHMM_Aerosol_i.dat

Variable	Description	Data type	Unit
Index	Index of each matched FY-4A pixel	Integer	kg/kg
BCAR	Black carbon aerosol mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
DUS1	Dust aerosol (0.03—0.55 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
DUS2	Dust aerosol (0.55—0.90 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
DUS3	Dust aerosol (0.90—20.0 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
SULP	Sulphate aerosol mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
SSA1	Sea salt aerosol (0.03—0.50 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
SSA2	Sea salt aerosol (0.50—5.00 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
SSA3	Sea salt aerosol (5.00—20.0 μm) mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg
OMAT	Hydrophilic organic matter aerosol mixing ratio	Float	kg/kg

Usage

Load from Hugging Face

from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download

REPO_ID = "SimonSongHit/fengyun4A-cloud-detection-dataset"
cache_path = "G:/hf_cache"  # Replace it with your cache path

print("Downloading dataset...")

root_dir = snapshot_download(
    repo_id=REPO_ID,
    repo_type="dataset",
    cache_dir=cache_path
)

print("Data path:", root_dir)

Use with TabPFN

A detailed usage example is provided in the notebook Dataset_download_and_usage_example.ipynb.

Data Sources

This dataset integrates multiple satellite and reanalysis data sources:

• FY-4A satellite data: National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC)
• MODIS land-surface products (MCD12C1, MYD10C1, MCD43A3, MOD11B1): NASA Earthdata Search
• CALIPSO cloud-layer product: NASA Earthdata Search
• ERA5 reanalysis data: Copernicus Climate Data Store
• EAC4 reanalysis data:Copernicus Atmosphere Data Store

License

• MODIS and CALIPSO data are provided by :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} and are subject to their Data Usage Policy.
• ERA5 data are provided by :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1} and are subject to their Data Usage Policy.
• EAC4 data are provided by :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2} and are subject to their Data Usage Policy.