Datasets:
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
language:
- pl
pretty_name: Polish DynaWord
task_categories:
- text-generation
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
tags:
- polish
- pretraining
- dynaword
Polish DynaWord
A continuously developed, openly-licensed, human-text Polish corpus — a Polish edition in the Dynaword family (Enevoldsen et al., arXiv:2508.02271).
v0.2.4 stable · 4,246,429 documents · 9.60B tokens (tiktoken proxy; canonical Llama-3 count at release) · 17 sources Updated: 2026-08-07
v0.3-dev experimental track · quality/diversity workflow, source-gate validation and candidate-data audits. This is development work, not a released corpus version, and it does not replace the v0.2.4 stable parquets.
Europeana validation artifact (2026-07-10) · a separate reproducible 810-document direct-ingestion sample stored under the legacy path
previews/v0.3.1/europeana.parquet. It is not a full dataset release.
Releases
Stable releases
| version | status | documents | tokens | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
v0.2.4 |
stable release | 4,246,429 | 9.60B | Expanded european_hplt_v3_pl to WDS bins 10-5 (+1.49M docs / 2.04B tok); phone PII-scrub hardening (independent dual-lens) + cross-source dedup (zero-overlap). |
v0.2.3 |
previous stable | 2,710,974 | 6.88B | Adds community-contributed european_hplt_v3_pl, global_voices and nkjp1m. |
v0.2.2 |
previous stable | 2,579,963 | 6.36B | Added community-contributed govpl: 88,190 docs / 80.7M tokens. |
v0.2.1 |
previous stable | 2,491,773 | 6.28B | 12-source corpus with license and author metadata columns; added 1000_novels. |
v0.2.0 |
previous stable | 2,490,773 | 6.22B | Provenance-first corpus from 11 open/official sources. |
Development and validation artifacts
| name | type | scope | notes |
|---|---|---|---|
v0.3-dev |
experimental development track | workflow and candidate audits | Quality remix, legal-source caps, source QA, deduplication and direct-upstream ingestion. Not a corpus release. |
Europeana validation artifact 2026-07-10 |
reproducible sample | 810 documents / 140,042 tokens | Stored at the legacy path previews/v0.3.1/europeana.parquet; preserves per-record rights and creator metadata. Not a corpus release. |
Version details
v0.2.4 — current stable
Expanded european_hplt_v3_pl from WDS bins 10+9 to WDS bins 10-5 (added
quality bins 8/7/6/5 and further WDS-9 shards): +1,493,384 documents /
2,043,141,874 cl100k-proxy tokens, 100% CC0-1.0. Includes a phone PII-scrub
hardening pass (v12b) verified by two independent lenses (a systematic
recall-gap masked by pipeline self-report was caught pre-release), and
cross-source deduplication against the existing WDS-10+9 shards (exact-dup 0,
near-dup overlap 0.0000%, byte-verified) — resolving the "downstream near-dedup
remains" caveat from the original release.
v0.2.3 — previous stable
Community expansion release. Adds european_hplt_v3_pl from
PR #5
and global_voices from
PR #7,
plus nkjp1m from
PR #8.
The complete 16-source release contains 2,710,974 documents /
6,881,277,362 cl100k-proxy tokens, summed from the released per-source parquet
statistics.
v0.2.2 — previous stable
Added govpl from
PR #9:
88,190 Polish government press releases collected directly from 133 gov.pl
ministry and agency subsites.
v0.2.1 — previous stable
Introduced the canonical eight-column release schema:
id, text, source, added, created, token_count, license, author. Added
1000_novels from
PR #1
and recomputed all release statistics from parquet files.
v0.2.0 — initial stable corpus
The provenance-first baseline: 11 reviewed open or official sources, 2,490,773 documents and 6.22B proxy tokens.
v0.3-dev — experimental quality workflow
Candidate-only work on a better-balanced training mixture: legal-source caps, temperature sampling, source QA, deduplication and direct-upstream ingestion. It is not a replacement for the stable corpus.
Europeana validation artifact — 2026-07-10
A separate reproducible 810-document Europeana sample preserving per-record
rights and creator metadata. It does not change stable-release totals.
v0.3.1-preview remains only as the legacy storage-path label.
What this dataset contributes
The raw texts come from existing open corpora (redistributed via SpeakLeash and, where applicable, fetched from upstream). The value added here is the curation, not the bytes, following the Dynaword methodology:
- License review per source — each source vetted for an openly-licensed, traceable legal basis (documented in its datasheet); sources that fail the review are excluded with a stated reason (see table below), not silently kept. This is the core editorial work.
- Filtering & normalization — minimal, reproducible gates (short-doc,
non-Polish, exact cross-source dedup, OCR garble) applied uniformly to one
clean schema:
id, text, source, added, created, token_count, license, author. - Documentation — a datasheet per source (Gebru et al. 2021) + this card, so provenance and licensing are auditable rather than assumed.
- Reproducibility & versioning —
src/rebuilds the corpus from sources; new sources and removals are tracked in the CHANGELOG.
Credit for the underlying texts belongs to the upstream sources and to SpeakLeash as the redistributing aggregator; this release does not claim ownership of them (see Disclaimer).
Contributors
| contributor | contribution | release / PR |
|---|---|---|
| Kacper Wikieł | Project maintainer; corpus curation, source and license review, release engineering, documentation, validation and reproducible build workflow. | all releases |
| Bart Kobyliński | Added 1000_novels; expanded Biblioteka Nauki and Europeana ingestion with per-document license and author metadata. |
v0.2.1, PR #1 |
| Paweł Puzio | Built govpl: subsite discovery, direct ingestion pipeline, dataset artifact, contract tests and documentation. |
v0.2.2, PR #9 |
| Arkadiusz Słota | Built & expanded european_hplt_v3_pl: HPLT v3 WDS 10+9 (PR #5) then WDS 10-5 expansion (+1,493,384 docs / 2.04B tok), modular cleaning pipeline, phone-recall PII-scrub (v12b, independent dual-lens), cross-source dedup-vs-base (zero-overlap), validation and documentation. |
v0.2.3 (PR #5), v0.2.4 |
| Dawid Majewski | Added the reviewed Global Voices Polish corpus with per-document author attribution and documentation. | v0.2.3, PR #7 |
| 1am | Added nkjp1m: the manually annotated 1-million-word NKJP subcorpus, direct fetch/build pipeline, source documentation and release artifact. |
v0.2.3, PR #8 |
Contributions are credited when they add a verifiable dataset artifact, pipeline, validation, documentation or release work. A merged discussion with no resulting files is not listed as a data contribution.
Guiding principles
- Open & traceable licensing — every source is openly licensed with a documented legal basis (see each datasheet's "traceable basis"), not a vague "public domain".
- Reproducibility —
src/build_dynaword.pyrebuilds the corpus from sources. - Documented — a datasheet per source under
data/<source>/. - Extensibility — versioned; new sources via PR.
Sources
| source | description | license | documents | tokens |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| european_hplt_v3_pl | HPLT v3.0 Polish (web, top WDS bins 10-5) | CC0-1.0 |
1,603,974 | 2,555.5M |
| eurlex | EUR-Lex (EU legal acts, Polish) | CC-BY-4.0 |
243,060 | 2,378.1M |
| parliamentary | Polish Parliamentary Corpus (Sejm/Senat) | public-domain (official documents) |
324,622 | 1,646.8M |
| wikisource | Polish Wikisource | CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
632,005 | 801.9M |
| wikipedia | Polish Wikipedia | CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
1,171,897 | 707.2M |
| biblioteka_nauki | Biblioteka Nauki | per-record upstream license |
42,071 | 673.5M |
| dziennik_ustaw | Dziennik Ustaw + Monitor Polski (Polish primary legislation) | public-domain (official documents) |
35,442 | 486.1M |
| wolne_lektury | Wolne Lektury (school readings) | CC-BY-SA-4.0 / Wolna Sztuka 1.3 |
6,141 | 103.0M |
| govpl | gov.pl — Polish government press releases | CC-BY-SA-4.0 |
88,190 | 80.7M |
| 1000_novels | 1000 Novels Corpus (CLARIN-PL) | CC-BY-4.0 |
1,000 | 60.5M |
| wikiquote | Polish Wikiquote (quotations) | CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
30,363 | 31.9M |
| eltec_pol | ELTeC-pol (European Literary Text Collection, Polish) | CC-BY-4.0 |
100 | 21.5M |
| wikivoyage | Polish Wikivoyage (travel guides) | CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
13,645 | 17.1M |
| wikibooks | Polish Wikibooks (open textbooks) | CC-BY-SA-3.0 |
9,112 | 15.6M |
| wikinews | Polish Wikinews | CC-BY-2.5 |
24,386 | 12.1M |
| global_voices | Global Voices Polish | CC-BY-3.0 |
2,040 | 3.7M |
| nkjp1m | The manually annotated 1-million word subcorpus of the National Corpus of Polish | CC-BY |
18,381 | 2.6M |
| total | 4,246,429 | 9,597.9M |
Method
Only human-authored text — no synthetic, machine-translated, or auto-transcribed
data. Gates are intentionally minimal (drop short docs, non-Polish, exact duplicates,
OCR garble); heavy quality filtering and mix-weighting are left to downstream training.
Evaluation-set decontamination is applied/marked separately. Schema:
id, text, source, added, created, token_count, license, author. The license
and author columns are per-document metadata when upstream exposes them; older
sources use the source-level license and an empty author field.
v0.3 quality roadmap and current status
The v0.2.x raw corpus is intentionally provenance-first, but its token mix is too heavy in legal/parliamentary language for natural general pretraining. The v0.3 workflow therefore separates source inclusion from training mix:
- cap
eurlex + parliamentary + dziennik_ustawto roughly 10-20% of training tokens combined; - use source-level temperature sampling (
sqrt, alpha0.5) instead of raw token-proportional sampling; - add traceably licensed contemporary/natural Polish: open web, academic prose, cultural heritage text, guides, technical documentation/blogs, Q&A, and dialogue/instruction data;
- run aggressive exact, normalized, and near-duplicate removal;
- reserve the final 5-15% of training for higher-quality sources rather than the largest sources;
- evaluate per-source perplexity and style contamination, not only global loss.
Current v0.3 source-ingestion status:
biblioteka_nauki: prepared in the source registry as a direct-upstream rebuild target with per-document license and author metadata; not included in v0.2.4 parquets yet.europeana: prepared in the source registry as a direct-upstream rebuild target with per-record rights statements and creator metadata; raw SpeakLeash Europeana remains excluded.- Europeana release policy: split conservatively at pre-1929 records for US-sensitive downstream reuse, and keep later/unknown records separately labeled or held until legal review.
european_hplt_v3_pl: WDS bins 10+9 are included in v0.2.4 after contract validation. HPLT packaging is CC0, while underlying crawled web documents can carry independent rights; downstream near-dedup and web-content review remain recommended before training.
Current review artifacts:
configs/source_candidates_v0_3.json— candidate decisions and license policy.artifacts/source_license_review_v0_3.md— source-by-source license review.artifacts/source_candidate_audit_v0_3.md— generated Hugging Face metadata audit.artifacts/training_mix_v0_3.md— example 1B-token training mix with legal sources capped at 15%.artifacts/bartek_source_ingestion_plan_2026-07-02.md— PR contract for Biblioteka Nauki and Europeana ingestion.
Excluded sources (transparency)
Sources we reviewed and deliberately left out — part of the curation:
| source | reason |
|---|---|
open_subtitles_corpus |
Derivative of copyrighted film/TV dialogue; OpenSubtitles uploads largely unlicensed. Same copyright lesson as Danish Gigaword's OpenSubtitles (paper 2508.02271). Not openly licensed. |
europeana_eu_pl_corpus_raw_speakleash |
Aggregated items with mixed per-record rights (PD / CC-BY-NC / rights-reserved). The raw SpeakLeash redistribution is excluded; only a direct rebuild preserving per-record rights metadata may be included. |
1000_novels_corpus_CLARIN-PL |
CC-BY-4.0 label, but 'novels' likely include in-copyright contemporary works; verify titles/years on CLARIN handle 11321/312 before inclusion. |
project_gutenberg_pl_corpus |
Only 31 PL books (4.3MB) — PG is ~99% English; Polish PD literature already covered by wolne_lektury + wikisource (so near-redundant after dedup). Dropped to avoid the PD-in-EU per-work check (PG claims PD-in-US only) for negligible token gain. |
Personal & sensitive data
This corpus contains only text that its upstream sources already published under open licenses or as official public-domain record. It therefore includes names and statements of public figures acting in a public capacity — e.g. parliamentary speakers (PPC), authorities named in legal acts (EUR-Lex), and people described in encyclopedic articles (Wikipedia/Wikisource). No private, non-public personal data was collected or added. If you are a data subject and want content concerning you removed, contact k.wikiel@gmail.com — it will be dropped from the next version (see retroactive-removal policy below).
Disclaimer & legal
- Provenance in good faith. Per-source licenses are reproduced as documented by the upstream sources and by SpeakLeash (the intermediate aggregator), to the best of our knowledge. We make no independent legal warranty about the copyright status of any individual document.
- No ownership claim. This release is a curated, license-reviewed, documented aggregation. We claim no ownership of the underlying texts; rights remain with the original authors/rightsholders under their respective licenses.
- Provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied. This is not legal advice.
- Your compliance is yours. Downstream users must satisfy each upstream license themselves — in particular CC-BY-SA-4.0 attribution and share-alike for derivatives of this dataset, and attribution to the upstream sources and to SpeakLeash.
- Notice-and-takedown. Any source or rightsholder raising a substantiated objection can have material removed: contact k.wikiel@gmail.com; it is dropped from the next version and recorded in the CHANGELOG. Removal is retroactive going-forward (prior immutable snapshots/commits may persist).
License & attribution
Released under CC-BY-SA-4.0 (copyleft inherited from CC-BY-SA sources such as Wikipedia/Wikisource/Wolne Lektury). Attribution due to each upstream (see datasheets) and to SpeakLeash as the intermediate aggregator. Retroactive-removal policy: a source that raises an objection is dropped from subsequent versions, recorded in the CHANGELOG.
Reproduce
python3 src/build_dynaword.py --all --speakleash-dir <speakleash_zst_dir> --out .
python3 src/make_docs.py
Results
Corpus phrase frequency (normalized by tokens)
Raw counts and token-normalized shares are regenerated from the current parquet files with src/pattern_frequency_report.py.
- Total token count (tiktoken proxy): 6,881,277,362
| Pattern | Count | Share of all tokens |
|---|---|---|
w roku |
460,249 | 0.0067% |
klasyfikacji |
134,093 | 0.0019% |
ustawa |
598,176 | 0.0087% |
artykuł |
2,096,271 | 0.0305% |
parlament |
1,216,808 | 0.0177% |
rozporządzenie |
1,497,273 | 0.0218% |
w pobliżu |
89,774 | 0.0013% |
mieszkańców |
288,911 | 0.0042% |
Dz.U. |
944,565 | 0.0137% |
Per-source shares
| source | pattern | count | share of source tokens |
|---|---|---|---|
1000_novels |
w roku |
659 | 0.00109% |
1000_novels |
klasyfikacji |
14 | 0.00002% |
1000_novels |
ustawa |
656 | 0.00108% |
1000_novels |
artykuł |
729 | 0.00120% |
1000_novels |
parlament |
240 | 0.00040% |
1000_novels |
rozporządzenie |
65 | 0.00011% |
1000_novels |
w pobliżu |
1,262 | 0.00209% |
1000_novels |
mieszkańców |
868 | 0.00143% |
1000_novels |
Dz.U. |
0 | 0.00000% |
dziennik_ustaw |
w roku |
33,096 | 0.00681% |
dziennik_ustaw |
klasyfikacji |
10,896 | 0.00224% |
dziennik_ustaw |
ustawa |
77,376 | 0.01592% |
dziennik_ustaw |
artykuł |
27,773 | 0.00571% |
dziennik_ustaw |
parlament |
42,338 | 0.00871% |
dziennik_ustaw |
rozporządzenie |
166,383 | 0.03423% |
dziennik_ustaw |
w pobliżu |
1,087 | 0.00022% |
dziennik_ustaw |
mieszkańców |
8,025 | 0.00165% |
dziennik_ustaw |
Dz.U. |
158 | 0.00003% |
eltec_pol |
w roku |
108 | 0.00050% |
eltec_pol |
klasyfikacji |
1 | 0.00000% |
eltec_pol |
ustawa |
153 | 0.00071% |
eltec_pol |
artykuł |
173 | 0.00081% |
eltec_pol |
parlament |
95 | 0.00044% |
eltec_pol |
rozporządzenie |
35 | 0.00016% |
eltec_pol |
w pobliżu |
246 | 0.00114% |
eltec_pol |
mieszkańców |
214 | 0.00100% |
eltec_pol |
Dz.U. |
0 | 0.00000% |
eurlex |
w roku |
40,009 | 0.00168% |
eurlex |
klasyfikacji |
59,428 | 0.00250% |
eurlex |
ustawa |
30,368 | 0.00128% |
eurlex |
artykuł |
1,774,958 | 0.07464% |
eurlex |
parlament |
780,286 | 0.03281% |
eurlex |
rozporządzenie |
1,202,658 | 0.05057% |
eurlex |
w pobliżu |
6,088 | 0.00026% |
eurlex |
mieszkańców |
9,441 | 0.00040% |
eurlex |
Dz.U. |
915,707 | 0.03851% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
w roku |
21,067 | 0.00411% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
klasyfikacji |
3,576 | 0.00070% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
ustawa |
5,754 | 0.00112% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
artykuł |
56,295 | 0.01099% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
parlament |
10,618 | 0.00207% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
rozporządzenie |
2,661 | 0.00052% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
w pobliżu |
9,877 | 0.00193% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
mieszkańców |
33,939 | 0.00662% |
european_hplt_v3_pl |
Dz.U. |
1,482 | 0.00029% |
global_voices |
w roku |
160 | 0.00431% |
global_voices |
klasyfikacji |
5 | 0.00013% |
global_voices |
ustawa |
157 | 0.00423% |
global_voices |
artykuł |
1,047 | 0.02818% |
global_voices |
parlament |
366 | 0.00985% |
global_voices |
rozporządzenie |
26 | 0.00070% |
global_voices |
w pobliżu |
105 | 0.00283% |
global_voices |
mieszkańców |
508 | 0.01367% |
global_voices |
Dz.U. |
1 | 0.00003% |
govpl |
w roku |
3,372 | 0.00418% |
govpl |
klasyfikacji |
526 | 0.00065% |
govpl |
ustawa |
4,727 | 0.00586% |
govpl |
artykuł |
2,417 | 0.00300% |
govpl |
parlament |
3,967 | 0.00492% |
govpl |
rozporządzenie |
4,102 | 0.00509% |
govpl |
w pobliżu |
892 | 0.00111% |
govpl |
mieszkańców |
13,105 | 0.01625% |
govpl |
Dz.U. |
3,114 | 0.00386% |
nkjp1m |
w roku |
109 | 0.00419% |
nkjp1m |
klasyfikacji |
9 | 0.00035% |
nkjp1m |
ustawa |
79 | 0.00304% |
nkjp1m |
artykuł |
153 | 0.00588% |
nkjp1m |
parlament |
216 | 0.00830% |
nkjp1m |
rozporządzenie |
20 | 0.00077% |
nkjp1m |
w pobliżu |
77 | 0.00296% |
nkjp1m |
mieszkańców |
159 | 0.00611% |
nkjp1m |
Dz.U. |
2 | 0.00008% |
parliamentary |
w roku |
198,192 | 0.01203% |
parliamentary |
klasyfikacji |
12,637 | 0.00077% |
parliamentary |
ustawa |
459,179 | 0.02788% |
parliamentary |
artykuł |
182,038 | 0.01105% |
parliamentary |
parlament |
309,695 | 0.01881% |
parliamentary |
rozporządzenie |
113,547 | 0.00689% |
parliamentary |
w pobliżu |
4,964 | 0.00030% |
parliamentary |
mieszkańców |
78,048 | 0.00474% |
parliamentary |
Dz.U. |
23,809 | 0.00145% |
wikibooks |
w roku |
319 | 0.00205% |
wikibooks |
klasyfikacji |
37 | 0.00024% |
wikibooks |
ustawa |
165 | 0.00106% |
wikibooks |
artykuł |
732 | 0.00470% |
wikibooks |
parlament |
283 | 0.00182% |
wikibooks |
rozporządzenie |
131 | 0.00084% |
wikibooks |
w pobliżu |
125 | 0.00080% |
wikibooks |
mieszkańców |
204 | 0.00131% |
wikibooks |
Dz.U. |
16 | 0.00010% |
wikinews |
w roku |
449 | 0.00370% |
wikinews |
klasyfikacji |
639 | 0.00526% |
wikinews |
ustawa |
407 | 0.00335% |
wikinews |
artykuł |
2,474 | 0.02038% |
wikinews |
parlament |
2,530 | 0.02084% |
wikinews |
rozporządzenie |
168 | 0.00138% |
wikinews |
w pobliżu |
455 | 0.00375% |
wikinews |
mieszkańców |
1,014 | 0.00835% |
wikinews |
Dz.U. |
27 | 0.00022% |
wikipedia |
w roku |
143,023 | 0.02022% |
wikipedia |
klasyfikacji |
46,043 | 0.00651% |
wikipedia |
ustawa |
9,536 | 0.00135% |
wikipedia |
artykuł |
28,165 | 0.00398% |
wikipedia |
parlament |
57,863 | 0.00818% |
wikipedia |
rozporządzenie |
5,637 | 0.00080% |
wikipedia |
w pobliżu |
41,915 | 0.00593% |
wikipedia |
mieszkańców |
122,766 | 0.01736% |
wikipedia |
Dz.U. |
232 | 0.00003% |
wikiquote |
w roku |
608 | 0.00191% |
wikiquote |
klasyfikacji |
15 | 0.00005% |
wikiquote |
ustawa |
357 | 0.00112% |
wikiquote |
artykuł |
606 | 0.00190% |
wikiquote |
parlament |
1,271 | 0.00398% |
wikiquote |
rozporządzenie |
27 | 0.00008% |
wikiquote |
w pobliżu |
207 | 0.00065% |
wikiquote |
mieszkańców |
527 | 0.00165% |
wikiquote |
Dz.U. |
6 | 0.00002% |
wikisource |
w roku |
16,571 | 0.00207% |
wikisource |
klasyfikacji |
166 | 0.00002% |
wikisource |
ustawa |
8,156 | 0.00102% |
wikisource |
artykuł |
16,230 | 0.00202% |
wikisource |
parlament |
6,119 | 0.00076% |
wikisource |
rozporządzenie |
1,651 | 0.00021% |
wikisource |
w pobliżu |
13,921 | 0.00174% |
wikisource |
mieszkańców |
14,335 | 0.00179% |
wikisource |
Dz.U. |
5 | 0.00000% |
wikivoyage |
w roku |
609 | 0.00356% |
wikivoyage |
klasyfikacji |
21 | 0.00012% |
wikivoyage |
ustawa |
46 | 0.00027% |
wikivoyage |
artykuł |
657 | 0.00384% |
wikivoyage |
parlament |
249 | 0.00145% |
wikivoyage |
rozporządzenie |
34 | 0.00020% |
wikivoyage |
w pobliżu |
6,480 | 0.03783% |
wikivoyage |
mieszkańców |
4,100 | 0.02394% |
wikivoyage |
Dz.U. |
1 | 0.00001% |
wolne_lektury |
w roku |
1,898 | 0.00184% |
wolne_lektury |
klasyfikacji |
80 | 0.00008% |
wolne_lektury |
ustawa |
1,060 | 0.00103% |
wolne_lektury |
artykuł |
1,824 | 0.00177% |
wolne_lektury |
parlament |
672 | 0.00065% |
wolne_lektury |
rozporządzenie |
128 | 0.00012% |
wolne_lektury |
w pobliżu |
2,073 | 0.00201% |
wolne_lektury |
mieszkańców |
1,658 | 0.00161% |
wolne_lektury |
Dz.U. |
5 | 0.00000% |
