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Zabad inscription | Though it is called the Zabad inscription today, earlier publications referred to it as the "Zebed" inscription which more closely resembles local pronunciation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabad_inscription |
Palestinian art | The Palestinian Art Court – Al Hoash, was founded in 2004, and opened its first gallery in East Jerusalem in 2005. Al Hoash has exhibited works of Hassan Hourani, Vera Tamari, Suleiman Mansour and others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_art |
Application of Sharia by country | Article 129 (1) (d) of the constitution allows the parliament to establish by law "Qadhi’s courts for marriage, divorce, inheritance of property and guardianship". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_of_Sharia_by_country |
Brethren of Purity | Critical editions and English translations of the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity published by Oxford University Press in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies (2008–) https://global.oup.com/academic/content/series/e/epistles-of-the-brethren-of-purity-epbp/?cc=gb&lang=en& | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brethren_of_Purity |
Lighthouse of Alexandria | Since 1978 a number of proposals have been made to replace the lighthouse with a modern reconstruction. In 2015, the Egyptian government and the Alexandria governorate suggested building a skyscraper on the site of the lighthouse as part of the regeneration of the eastern harbour of Alexandria Port. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria |
The Book of Fixed Stars | The book includes a comprehensive catalogue of the individual stars, modified and extended from that of the Almagest, and including revised star magnitude values. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars |
Hirak (Algeria) | On 17 July, Abderrahmane Arrar, President of the Civil Forum for Change (FCPC), proposed a committee of former politicians, lawyers and human rights activists with reputations for neutrality, without political ambitions, who would mediate decision-making for organising a presidential election and a political transition. The aim was to first obtain wide consensus on the list of mediators. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirak_(Algeria) |
Trans-Sahara Highway | "Sahara Overland; Trans Sahara Routes".. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
African Development Bank/United Nations Economic Commission For Africa: "Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links: Volume 2: Description of Corridors". August 14, 2003. Retrieved 14 July 2007. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Sahara_Highway |
Higher education in Saudi Arabia | The Saudi Digital Library is a massive digital library that contains more than 680,000 electronic books in many fields that support and meet the needs of beneficiaries in the higher educational sector in Saudi Arabia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Rashid al-Din Hamadani | Scholars are in dispute about whether Rashid al-Din's Letters are a forgery or not. According to David Morgan in The Mongols, Alexander Morton has shown them to be a forgery, probably from the Timurid period. One scholar who has attempted to defend the letters' authenticity is Abolala Soudovar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_al-Din_Hamadani |
Terrorism in Egypt | On 20 July 2014, at least 21 Egyptian soldiers were killed, and 4 injured in the Al-Wadi Al-Gedid attack when armed gunmen attacked a border checkpoint in the New Valley Governorate . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Egypt |
Ulama | Students of Islamic doctrine do not seek out a specific educational institution, but rather seek to join renowned teachers. By tradition, a scholar who has completed their studies is approved by their teacher. At the teacher's individual discretion, the student is given the permission for teaching and for the issuing of legal opinions (fatwa). The official approval is known as the ijazat at-tadris wa 'l-ifta (lit. 'license to teach and issue legal opinions'). Through time, this practice has established a chain of teachers and pupils who have become teachers in their own time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulama |
Psychology in the medieval Islamic world | The period comprising the 8th to the 15th centuries of the Gregorian calendar
is known to scholars as the Islamic Golden Age. This marked a time of numerous advances and discoveries in the Islamic arts and sciences, during which Islamic scholars came to understand that certain conditions can alter an individual's spiritual and psychological states (those seen as majnoon (mad) being perceived as having imbalances in these states). A prominent philosopher during this time was al-Ghazali(1058–1111), who proposed that maintaining a balanced connection between the spiritual and psychological conditions within the body was vital in order to sustain a close relationship with God. al-Ghazali further explained that divergence from this interconnectedness could result in abnormalities within an individual's mental health. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world |
Hoggar Mountains | Keenan, Jeremy (1977). The Tuareg: People of Ahaggar. London: Allen Lane, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-7139-0636-7. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoggar_Mountains |
Fouta Djallon | Since the 17th century, the Fouta Djallon region has been a stronghold of Islam. Early revolutionaries led by Karamokho Alfa and Ibrahim Sori set up a federation divided into nine provinces. Several succession crises weakened the central power located in Timbo until 1896, when the last Almamy, Bubakar Biro, was defeated by the French army in the Battle of Porédaka.
The Fulɓe of Fouta Djallonke spearheaded the expansion of Islam in the region. Fulɓe Muslim scholars developed indigenous literature using the Arabic alphabet. Known as Ajamiyya, this literary achievement is represented by such great poet-theologians as Tierno Muhammadu Samba Mombeya, Tierno Saadu Dalen, Tierno Aliou Boubha Ndyan, Tierno Jaawo Pellel etc. In its heyday, it was said that Fuuta-Jaloo was a magnet of learning, attracting students from Kankan to the Gambia, and featuring Jakhanke clerics at Tuba as well as Fulɓe teachers. It acted as the nerve centre for trading caravans heading in every direction. The more enterprising commercial lineages, of whatever ethnic origin, established colonies in the Futanke hills and along the principal routes. It served their interests to send their sons to Futanke schools, to support the graduates who came out to teach, and in general to extend the vast pattern of influence that radiated from Futa Jalon.
Amadou Hampâté Bâ has called Fuuta-Jaloo "the Tibet of West Africa" in homage to the spiritual and mystic (Sufi) tradition of its clerics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouta_Djallon |
1986 United States bombing of Libya | On the first anniversary of the bombing, April 1987, European and North American left-wing activists gathered to commemorate the anniversary. After a day of social and cultural networking with local Libyans, including a tour of Gaddafi's bombed house, the group gathered with other Libyans for a commemoration event. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_United_States_bombing_of_Libya |
Manama | Palgrave, William Gifford (1866). Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1862–1863). Vol. II. London: Macmillan & Co. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manama |
Outline of Jordan | Parliament of Jordan (bicameral)
Upper house: Senate of Jordan
Lower house: Chamber of Deputies of Jordan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Jordan |
Dawat-e-Islami | In Madrasa tul Madina, children are taught how to read the Qur’an in Arabic, as well as foundational Islamic studies. Currently, Madrasa tul Madina has around 3790 branches, with approximately 169,000 boys and girls studying free of charge in these institutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawat-e-Islami |
List of birds of Bahrain | Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Bahrain |
Al-Tabari | Bosworth, C. E. (2000). "al-Ṭabarī". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume X: T–U. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 11–15. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1133. ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
Ulrika Mårtensson, "al-Tabari", in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God, Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, (2 vols.).
Rosenthal, Franz, ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume I: General Introduction and from the Creation to the Flood. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-562-0.
C. E. Bosworth, "al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid" in P. J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs et al., Encyclopædia of Islam, 2nd Edition. (Leiden: E. J. Brill) 12 Vols. published between 1960 and 2005.
Franz Rosenthal, (translator), The History of al-Ţabarī, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989, Volume 1.
Ehsan Yar-Shater, ed., The History of al-Ţabarī, Albany: State University of New York Press, 40 Vols. published between 1989 and 2007 ISBN 0-88706-563-5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tabari |
Gulf Cooperation Council Athletics Championships | 1986: Meflah Saad (QAT)
1988: Mohamed Suleiman (QAT)
1992: Ahmed Ibrahim Warsama (QAT)
1994: Jamal Abdi Hassan (QAT)
1996: Alyan Al-Qahtani (KSA)
1998: Saad Al-Asmari (KSA)
2000: Khamis Abdullah Saifeldin (QAT)
2002: Saad Al-Asmari (KSA)
2003: Khamis Abdullah Saifeldin (QAT)
2005: Essa Ismail Rashed (QAT) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Athletics_Championships |
Copper | Integrated circuits and printed circuit boards increasingly feature copper in place of aluminium because of its superior electrical conductivity; heat sinks and heat exchangers use copper because of its superior heat dissipation properties. Electromagnets, vacuum tubes, cathode ray tubes, and magnetrons in microwave ovens use copper, as do waveguides for microwave radiation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper |
Ancient Carthage | Excavations of tombs reveal utensils for food and drink, as well as paintings depicting what appears to be a person's soul approaching a walled city. These findings strongly suggest a belief in life after death. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Carthage |
Ahmad Milad Karimi | Ahmad Milad Karimi was born in Kabul, Afghanistan in 1979. He and his family fled the Afghan civil war when he was 13. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Milad_Karimi |
Ibn Juzayy | On Jumada al-Awwal 9th, 741 AH corresponding to October 30, 1340 AD, Ibn Juzayy was killed in the Battle of Tarifa at the young age of 46, which took place in southern Andalusia between the Muslim army, consisting of an alliance of the Marinid Sultanate and the Emirate of Granada, and the Christian army, consisting of an alliance of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Portugal. Ibn Juzay was participating with the Muslim army and he was the forefront in vocalizing jihad urging them to fight and stimulating their enthusiasm, but when the battle ended with the defeat of the Muslim armies, Ibn Juzayy was killed and died as martyr. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy |
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920) | During the Peace Conference, a delegation of Aromanians participated in order to fulfill autonomist wishes for the Aromanian people in the same vein as the Samarina Republic attempt two years earlier, but failed to accomplish any recognition for the self-rule desires of their people. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920) |
Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi | His exact date of birth is unknown, although some modern biographers place the date to sometime around 260/874. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi |
Asoristan | Morony, Michael G. (2005) [1984]. Iraq After The Muslim Conquest. Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-59333-315-7. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoristan |
LGBT rights in Iraq | In the areas controlled by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, first offenders of homosexuality are sentenced to death, torture, floggings, beatings, and other violence. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Iraq |
Demographics of the State of Palestine | At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0–14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15–24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25–54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
55–64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
Total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_State_of_Palestine |
List of birds of Sudan | Order: Struthioniformes Family: Struthionidae
The ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa. It is the largest living species of bird. It is distinctive in its appearance, with a long neck and legs and the ability to run at high speeds.
Common ostrich, Struthio camelus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Sudan |
El Jadida | El Jadida's other names and nicknames in other languages were: Cap Soleis, Portus Rutilis, Rusibis, Mazighen (Arabic: مازيغن), al-Breyja (Arabic: البريجة), Mazagão, al-Mahdouma (Arabic: المهدومة) and Mazagan. The city was renamed al-Jadida in 1820, meaning 'The New'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Jadida |
Demographics of the Comoros | 1.37% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 70th
1.57% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 66th
2.87% (2006 est.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Comoros |
Postage stamps and postal history of Egypt | British troops used special stamps inscribed BRITISH FORCES IN EGYPT or ARMY POST EGYPT from 1932 until 1941. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Egypt |
Abderrahmane Youssoufi | Born in Tangier, Youssoufi was a socialist from a young age, dedicating himself to organizing the working class of Casablanca as early as 1944. In 1949 Youssoufi began also to fight for the rights of immigrant Moroccan workers in France. He also studied law, practicing in Tangier from 1952 to 1960.
The Youssoufi family were of Berbers origin, and the future prime minister spoke only Tamazight and French until he began school, where he learned standard Arabic and Darija (Moroccan Arabic).
Youssoufi evolves within the Army of Liberation in the company of its formidable leader Fqih Basri. Through Mehdi Ben Barka, Youssoufi joined a group of passionate young men who shared a vision: An independent Morocco. Youssoufi became a member of the Al Istiqlal (Independence) Party and, at only 19 years old, threw himself into the fight for a free Morocco. He was nicknamed Lenin by the Moroccan police for his excessive Nationalism. He was arrested Twice, once imprisoned for his political dissidence, he was one of the most important figures in Morocco’s political scene. his participation in the creation of the Arab Organization for Human Rights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abderrahmane_Youssoufi |
Gulf Cooperation Council | The GCC Standardization Organization is the standardization organization of the GCC. Yemen is also a member of the GCC Standardization Organization. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council |
Arab Spring | Middle East at Al Jazeera
Middle East protests at BBC News
Arab and Middle East protests live blog at The Guardian
Middle East Protests at The Lede blog at The New York Times
Middle East protests live Archived 22 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine at Reuters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring |
Boko Haram | Two bombings on 2 October that killed 18 and wounded 41, one in Nyanya in Nasarawa and the other in Kuje, FCT were also claimed by Boko Haram. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boko_Haram |
1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine | Despite the intervention of up to 50,000 British troops and 15,000 Haganah men, the uprising continued for over three years. By the time it concluded in September 1939, more than 5,000 Arabs, over 300 Jews, and 262 Britons had been killed and at least 15,000 Arabs were wounded. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine |
Education in Qatar | Qatar University
Qatar Finance and Business Academy
Doha College
Doha English Speaking School
Stenden University
The Cambridge School Doha
University College London Qatar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Qatar |
Yahya ibn Abi Mansur | Karamati, Younes; Umar, Suheyl (2013). "Banū al-Munajjim". " Encyclopaedia Islamica. Leiden and New York: BRILL. ISBN 9789004246911.
Pingree, D. "Banū Monajjem". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Columbia University. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Vernet, J (1970–80). "Yaḥyā ibn Abī Manṣūr". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0-684-10114-9. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Abi_Mansur |
Demographics of Algeria | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 81.4%
male: 87.4%
female: 75.3% (2018) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Algeria |
Health in Yemen | Currently, according to WHO, Yemen is suffering the worst cholera outbreak in history with an estimated more than 10,000 cases a week in 2018. Cholera is caused by lack of clean water, according to WHO 19.3 million Yemenis lack access to clean water and sanitation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Yemen |
Parliament of Lebanon | The Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon is the second highest-ranking official of the Lebanese Parliament. The office is always attributed to a Greek Orthodox practitioner. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon |
Tambourine | Timbrel or tabret (the tof of the ancient Hebrews, the deff of Islam, the adufe of the Moors of Spain), the principal musical instrument of percussion of the Israelites, similar to the modern tambourine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourine |
Kara Mustafa Pasha |
Olnon, Merlijn (2003). "'A Most Agreeable and Pleasant Creature'? Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa in the Correspondence of Justinus Colyer (1668–1682)". Oriente Moderno. New Series. 22 (3): 649–669. doi:10.1163/22138617-08303006. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_Mustafa_Pasha |
Oltre Giuba | Vittorio Bottego, Viaggi di scoperta nel cuore dell' Africa: il Giuba esplorato, sotta gli auspici della Società geografica italiana., E. Loescher & c.o, 1895
Guida dell'Africa Orientale Italiana, Ed. Consociazione Turistica Italiana, Milano 1938, p. 585-596
Tripodi, Paolo. The Colonial Legacy in Somalia. St. Martin's Press. New York, 1999. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltre_Giuba |
Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby | He died suddenly from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm on 14 May 1936 at his house in Kensington, London, at the age of 75 years. His body was cremated, and his ashes were buried in Westminster Abbey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Allenby,_1st_Viscount_Allenby |
Said Ali al-Shihri | On 19 January 2010, Yemen security authorities reported they had captured al-Shiri. He was reported to have tried to evade a newly established roadblock, and to have been apprehended, with another man, after they were injured when their speeding vehicle flipped over. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Ali_al-Shihri |
Sharjah International Book Fair | The book fair hosts a number of panel discussions every year, bringing a wide range of speakers from all kinds of fields and covering many different topics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah_International_Book_Fair |
Amratian culture | Siltstone was first utilized for cosmetic palettes by the Badari culture. The first palettes used in the Badarian Period and in Naqada I were usually plain, rhomboidal or rectangular in shape, without any further decoration. It is in the Naqada II period in which the zoomorphic palette is most common. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amratian_culture |
Dawah | Various Islamic institutions provide elaborate manuals, trainings and workshops to daʿi to prepare them for successful daʿwah.
Daʿis are given trainings in the form of physical workshops and training sessions. Daʿwah trainings are also provided in the form of online video lessons, webinars, online discussion forums, handouts and quizzes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawah |
Abdullahi Ahmed Irro | According to The Washington Post, General Irro died on January 24 at his home in Falls Church, Virginia. The cause of death was reported to be kidney failure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_Ahmed_Irro |
Kabbalah | In bringing Theosophical Kabbalah into contemporary intellectual understanding, using the tools of modern and postmodern philosophy and psychology, Sanford Drob shows philosophically how every symbol of the Kabbalah embodies the simultaneous dialectical paradox of mystical Coincidentia oppositorum, the conjoining of two opposite dualities. Thus the Infinite Ein Sof is above the duality of Yesh/Ayin Being/Non-Being transcending Existence/Nothingness (Becoming into Existence through the souls of Man who are the inner dimension of all spiritual and physical worlds, yet simultaneously the Infinite Divine generative lifesource beyond Creation that continuously keeps everything spiritual and physical in existence); Sephirot bridge the philosophical problem of the One and the Many; Man is both Divine (Adam Kadmon) and human (invited to project human psychology onto Divinity to understand it); Tzimtzum is both illusion and real from Divine and human perspectives; evil and good imply each other (Kelipah draws from Divinity, good arises only from overcoming evil); Existence is simultaneously partial (Tzimtzum), broken (Shevirah), and whole (Tikun) from different perspectives; God experiences Himself as Other through Man, Man embodies and completes (Tikun) the Divine Persona Above. In Kabbalah's reciprocal Panentheism, Theism and Atheism/Humanism represent two incomplete poles of a mutual dialectic that imply and include each other's partial validity. This was expressed by the Chabad Hasidic thinker Aaron of Staroselye, that the truth of any concept is revealed only in its opposite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah |
Ash'arism | Nicholas Heer writes that later Ashʿarite theologians "increasingly attempted to rationalize Islamic doctrine" from about the 12th century onwards. Theologians such as al-Taftāzānī and al-Jurjānī argued that the Islamic sacred scriptures (the Quran and the ḥadīth) "must be proven to be true by rational arguments" before being "accepted as the basis of the religion". Educated Muslims "must be convinced on the basis of rational arguments". A series of rational proofs were developed by these Ashʿarite theologians, including proofs for "the following doctrines or propositions":
The universe is originated;
The universe has an originator or creator;
The creator of the universe is knowing, powerful and willing;
Prophecy is possible;
Miracles are possible;
Miracles indicate the truthfulness of one who claims to be a prophet;
Muhammad claimed to be a prophet and performed miracles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%27arism |
Sharjah Cricket Stadium | On 24 November 2013, Samiullah Shinwari took a five wicket haul against Kenya.
On 25 October 2021, Mujeeb Ur Rahman took a five wicket haul against Scotland.
On 6 November 2021, Kagiso Rabada took a hat-trick against England in a 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup's super 12 Match. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium |
Aden Protectorate | Paul Dresch. A History of Modern Yemen.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
R. J. Gavin. Aden Under British Rule: 1839–1967. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
Tom Little. South Arabia: Arena of Conflict. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Protectorate |
Tawassul | Chiabotti, Francesco, Shafa'a (Intercession), in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014. ISBN 1610691776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawassul |
List of districts of Yemen | Ad Dis District
Adh Dhlia'ah District
Al Abr District
Mukalla District
Mukalla City District
Al Qaf District
Al Qatn District
Amd District
Ar Raydah Wa Qusayar District
As Sawm District
Ash Shihr District
Brom Mayfa District
Daw'an District
Ghayl Ba Wazir District
Ghayl Bin Yamin District
Hagr As Sai'ar District
Hajr District
Hawrah District
Huraidhah District
Rakhyah District
Rumah District
Sah District
Sayun District
Shibam District
Tarim District
Thamud District
Yabuth District
Zamakh wa Manwakh District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Yemen |
Muscat | Ptolemy's Map of Arabia identifies the territories of Cryptus Portus and Moscha Portus. Scholars are divided in opinion on which of the two is related to the city of Muscat. Similarly, Arrianus references Omana and Moscha in Voyage of Nearchus. Interpretations of Arrianus' work by William Vincent and Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville conclude that Omana was a reference to Oman, while Moscha referred to Muscat. Similarly, other scholars identify Pliny the Elder's reference to Amithoscuta to be Muscat.
The origin of the word Muscat is disputed. Some authors claim that the word has Arabic origins – from moscha, meaning an inflated hide or skin. Other authors claim that the name Muscat means anchorage or the place of "letting fall the anchor". Other derivations include muscat from Old Persian, meaning strong-scented, or from Arabic, meaning falling-place, or hidden. Cryptus Portus is synonymous with Oman ("hidden land"). But "Ov-man" (Omman), and the old Sumerian name Magan (Maa-kan), means sea-people in Arabic. An inhabitant is a Muscatter, Muscatian, Muscatite or Muscatan. In 1793 AD the capital was transferred from Rustaq to Muscat. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscat |
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi | El-Sisi, Abdel Fattah (15 March 2006). Democracy in the Middle East (PDF) (Thesis). U.S. Army War College. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2016. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi |
Al Ain | The city's wāḥāt (Arabic: وَاحَات, lit. 'oases') are known for their underground irrigation system (falaj or qanāt) that brings water from boreholes to water farms and palm trees. Falaj irrigation is an ancient system dating back thousands of years, and is used widely in Oman, the UAE, China, Iran and other countries. There are seven oases here. The largest is Al Ain Oasis, near Old Sarooj, and the smallest is Al-Jahili Oasis. The rest are Al Qattara, Al-Muʿtaredh, Al-Jimi, Al-Muwaiji, and Hili.
Examples of aflaj include Falaj Hazza, which is named after Sheikh Zayed's elder brother, Hazza bin Sultan Al Nahyan, and has a district named after it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Ain |
List of Arabic-language television channels | Tunisia Nat 1
Tunisia Nat 2
Attesiaa TV
El Hiwar El Tounousi
Tunisna
Carthage +
Al Janoubia TV
Al Insan TV
Nessma TV
Zaytouna TV
Hannibal TV
Telvza TV | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arabic-language_television_channels |
Demographics of Syria | This data is from CIA World Factbook:
Urban population: 54.2% of total population (2018)
Rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria |
Istishab | The overwhelming majority of jurists believe that the basis in useful everyday things is permissibility and in harmful things is prohibition. For example, a certain type of food is allowed until a Sharia argument is established, proving its prohibition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istishab |
Media of Sudan | Cinema in Sudan goes back to the time of the Anglo-Egyptian period. After the decline of film making from the 1980s onwards, cinema and public interest in film shows have shown a revival since the 2010s. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Sudan |
North Governorate | The governorate is home to several higher education institutions, including the University of Balamand in Koura and the Lebanese University faculties spread across the region. These institutions are pivotal in promoting educational and cultural development. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Governorate |
Kitāb al-Hayawān | Kitāb al-Hayawān was known at least indirectly to several important zoographers including Al-Jāhiz (Kitāb al-Hayawān), Al-Mas‘ūdī (Murawwaj al-Dhahab), Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī (Al-Imtā‘ wa al-Mu’ānasa), Al-Qazwīnī (‘Ajā’ib al-Makhlūqāt), and Al-Damīrī (Hayāt al-Hayawān). They may have known the Aristotelian Kitāb al-Hayawān at second hand from Arabic compendiums of selected passages from the book. The only extant compendium is the Maqāla Tushtamalu ‘àla Fusūl min Kitāb al-Hayawān, attributed (probably falsely) to Mūsà bin Maymūn (Moses Maimonides), and the Greek Compendium of Nicolaus Damascenus was at least partially available by the 11th century. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%C4%81b_al-Hayaw%C4%81n |
List of naval battles | 456 – Romans under Flavius Ricimer defeat Vandals near Corsica
461 Cartagena – Vandals destroy a newly built West Roman fleet
468 Cape Bon – Vandals defeat East and West Romans under Basiliscus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_naval_battles |
Contemporary architecture | Several of the most prominent contemporary architects, including Norman Foster, Santiago Calatrava, Zaha Hadid, have turned their attention to designing bridges. One of the most remarkable examples of contemporary architecture and engineering is the Millau Viaduct in southern France, designed by architect Norman Foster and structural engineer Michel Virlogeux. The Millau Viaduct crosses the valley of the River Tarn and is part of the A75-A71 autoroute axis from Paris to Béziers and Montpellier. It was formally inaugurated on 14 December 2004. It is the tallest bridge in the world with one mast's summit at 343.0 metres (1,125 ft) above the base of the structure.
The British-Iraqi architect Zaha Hadid constructed the Bridge Pavilion in Zaragoza. Spain for an international exposition there in 2008. The bridge, which also served as an exposition hall, is constructed of concrete reinforced with an external layer of fiberglass in different shades of gray. Since the event closed, the bridge has been used to host expositions and shows.
Some smaller new bridges also offer simple but very innovative designs. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, (2004) designed by Michel Virlogeux, to enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the Tyne River, tilts to one side to permit boats to pass beneath. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_architecture |
Zahiri school | Scott Lucas states "The most controversial aspect of al-Bukhari's legal principles is his disapproval of qiyas" and "A modern study of personal status laws in the Arab world by Jamal J. Nasir contains one sentence that explicitly mentions that the Ẓāhirīs and al-Bukhari rejected qiyas..."
Lucas also points out that the legal methodology of Bukhari is very similar to that of Ibn Hazm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahiri_school |
Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan | Hussein was born on 28 June 1994 at King Hussein Medical Center in Amman to the then-Prince Abdullah and Princess Rania. Abdullah had met Rania, a marketing employee at Apple Inc., in Amman at a dinner organized by Abdullah's sister Princess Aisha in January 1993; they married six months later. Hussein is the namesake of his grandfather, King Hussein. Hussein claims descent in the male line from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and Ali, the fourth caliph. The Hashemites ruled Mecca for over 700 years until its 1925 conquest by the House of Saud, and have ruled Jordan since 1921. The Hashemites are the oldest-ruling dynasty in the Muslim world, and are the second-oldest-ruling dynasty in the world, after the Imperial House of Japan. His paternal grandmother is an English convert to Islam, and his mother is of Palestinian descent.
Hussein is the eldest child of King Abdullah and Queen Rania. His paternal grandfather was the then-reigning King Hussein and his grandmother is the English-born Princess Muna, who was his second wife. He has three siblings: Princess Iman, Princess Salma and Prince Hashem. Hussein started his primary education at the International School of Choueifat and the International Amman Academy; he finished his high school at King's Academy in 2012, obtained a bachelor's degree in International History at Georgetown University in 2016, and graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2017. He is a major in the Jordanian Armed Forces. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein,_Crown_Prince_of_Jordan |
2011 Lebanese protests | On 26 June, hundreds of people marched towards the parliament in Beirut demanding the end of Lebanon's confessional system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Lebanese_protests |
Rashidun | Fayda, Mustafa (1998). HULEFÂ-yi RÂŞİDÎN - An article published in 18th volume of Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam (in Turkish). Vol. 18. Istanbul: TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. pp. 324–338. ISBN 978-97-53-89445-6. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun |
Cultural tourism | Bob McKercher and Hilary du Cros, Cultural Tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, Routledge, 2002.
Greg Richards, Cultural Tourism: Global and local perspectives, Routledge, 2007.
Priscilla Boniface, Managing Quality Cultural Tourism, Routledge, 1995.
Milena Ivanovic, Cultural Tourism, Juta and Company Ltd, 2009. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_tourism |
Demographics of Egypt | Saunier, Jessica et al. (2009) sequenced mitogenomes from 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals. The results showed that 20.6% of the Egyptian mtDNA chromosomes were of Sub-Saharan African origin, while 79.4% were of West Eurasian. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Egypt |
Niqāb | The niqab in Egypt has a complex and long history. On 8 October 2009, Egypt's top Islamic school and the world's leading school of Sunni Islam, Al-Azhar, banned the wearing of the niqab in classrooms and dormitories of all its affiliate schools and educational institutes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niq%C4%81b |
Healthcare in Egypt | Experts support international collaboration for HTA, suggesting partnerships with global HTA bodies like the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) and others in Europe and Asia. This collaboration aims to facilitate hands-on training and experience sharing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Egypt |
Eastern Orthodox Church | According to Bat Ye'or, Christians under Islamic rule were denied equality of rights since they were forced to pay the jizya poll tax.
In 2007, Metropolitan Alfeyev expressed the possibility of peaceful coexistence between Islam and Christianity in Russia, as the two religions have never had religious wars in Russia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church |
US Monastir (football) | The first president of the club is the French Joseph Kalfati, followed by four other French: Peteche, Georges Rambi, Renaud and Fenech, while the first Tunisian president is Mohamed Salah Sayadi who takes the head of the club in 1929. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Monastir_(football) |
Zakaria Tamer | From 1981-1982 he took charge of Al Dustoor magazine as managing editor, he went on to be culture editor of Al Tadhamon magazine (1983–1988) and then became managing editor of Al Naqid magazine (1988–1993), and culture editor at Riyadh Al Rayes Publishing House. He also wrote for various newspapers and periodicals published in London, including Al-Quds Al-Arabi.
In January 2012, Zakaria Tamer decided to venture into Facebook, creating a page titled المهماز (Al-Mihmaz) “The Spur”. The page contains daily articles detailing his continuing literary journey with its political and cultural dimensions. Most recently the focus has been on the Syrian uprising.
In 2023, his collection of stories Sour Grapes was published in English - twenty years after the original Arabic publication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakaria_Tamer |
Dubai International Financial Centre | Within the DIFC complex are located a variety of retail shops and convenience stores, along with business services outlets. In 2018, the Gate Avenue shopping mall extension was opened to the public, featuring an additional 185 retail, dining, fashion, and lifestyle concepts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai_International_Financial_Centre |
Ministry of Interior (Iraq) | The DBE is tasked with securing and protecting Iraq's international borders from unlawful entry of both personnel and materiel. The DBE mans 405 border structures. As of March 2010, the DBE has approximately 40,000 personnel assigned, organized into 5 regions, 12 brigades and 38 battalions. The DBE was headquartered in Baghdad.
In late January 2009, the 1st Region, DBE, controlled the northeastern parts of Iraq which is the territory of the Federal Kurdistan Region and its where the country shares borders with Turkey and Iran. The 1st Region, considered one of the safest areas of Iraq currently, contains cities like Irbil, Dahuk and Sulyamaniah. Mosul was in the 2nd Region, Diyala was in the 3rd Region, Bashrah is in the 4th Region and the cities of Nyjaf and Nakheb are in the 5th Region."
Law Maj. Gen. Fazladin Abdulqader Mohammed of Bamarni, Iraq, was the commander, 1st Region, DBE.
The 1st DBE Region "[had] the longest border of all the regions in Iraq," said Fazladin. "Our border covers from Fairozkan to Al Khabour, where the Tigris River Border Fort is located. It is 1,083 kilometers and we have three brigades for this region, the 1st Brigade, DBE, in Dahuk, 2nd Brigade, DBE, in Diyana and 3rd Brigade, DBE, in Sulyamaniah." All three of these brigades were made up of Kurdish Peshmerga.
In October 2009 the 9th Brigade DBE was responsible for the Iranian border, and the 11th Brigade, responsible for the Saudi border, in Muthanna Governorate.
The 15th DBE Brigade in Anbar Province was confirmed operational in January 2010.
Both the DBE and the Department of Ports of Entry (POE) were supposed to be equipped with AK-47s, medium machine guns, body armors, medium pick-up trucks, mid-size Sport utility vehicles, generators and radios.
Seven DBE brigades in southern Iraq survived the ISIS onslaught of the northern summer of 2014, but five brigades based largely on the Syrian border were disbanded. (Knights, Long Haul, 9)
In February 2024, the Ministry of Interior announced that a border guard brigade had been dispatched to secure the Iraqi-Turkish border in Duhok Governorate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Iraq) |
Dumat al-Jandal | In Dumat Al-Jandal, there is a desert climate. Most rain falls in the winter. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. The average annual temperature in Dumat Al-Jandal is 22.2 °C (72.0 °F). About 59 mm (2.32 in) of precipitation falls annually. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumat_al-Jandal |
Khedivate of Egypt | During the khedivate, the standard form of Egyptian currency was the Egyptian pound. Because of the gradual European domination of the Egyptian economy, the khedivate adopted the gold standard in 1885. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt |
Latakia Governorate | The governorate is divided into four districts (manatiq). The districts are further divided into 22 sub-districts (nawahi): | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latakia_Governorate |
Jubail | There are two seaports in Jubail—the Jubail Commercial Seaport and the King Fahd Industrial Seaport. As of 2011, Jubail ranks 92nd in the world in terms of Total Cargo Volume with 44,700 tons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubail |
List of schools in Saudi Arabia | Buraydah
Manarat Al-Qassim School
Pakistan International School Buraydah
International Indian School Buraydah | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Saudi_Arabia |
Special Tribunal for Lebanon | Trial proceedings are streamed on the STL website with a thirty-minute delay.
The STL organizes regular briefings and courtroom tours for the public. In the reporting year 2015-2016, 1,554 visitors from 94 countries attended organized group visits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon |
Arab Peace Initiative | The initiative calls for the establishment of a special committee composed of a portion of the Arab League's concerned member states and the Secretary General of the League of Arab States to pursue the necessary contacts to gain support for the initiative at all levels, particularly from the United Nations, the United Nations Security Council, the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the Muslim states and the European Union. This special commission would also consist of delegations from both Egypt and Jordan on behalf of the Arab world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative |
Marib | The site of ancient Marib was largely abandoned during the 20th century. Although a small village remains, the multi-story mud-brick buildings of the historic city are largely in ruins. The modern town of Marib is about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 miles) north of the center of the ancient city. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marib |
Saudi Arabia–United States relations | Some members of the Saudi Royal family are known to have committed serious crimes in the United States. Princess Meshael Alayban was involved in human trafficking for a long time.
Princess Bunia assaulted her staff on many occasions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_States_relations |
Arabs | Arab theatre is a rich and diverse cultural form that encompasses a wide range of styles, genres, and historical influences. Its roots in the pre-Islamic era, when poetry, storytelling, and musical performances were the main forms of artistic expressionIt refers to theatrical performances that are created by Arab playwrights, actors, and directors. The roots of Arab theatre can be traced back to ancient Arabic poetry and storytelling, which often incorporated music and dance. In the early Arabic period, storytelling evolved into a more formalized art form that was performed in public gatherings and festivals.
During the Islamic Golden Age in the 8th and 9th centuries, the city of Baghdad emerged as a hub of intellectual and artistic activity, including theatre. The court of the Abbasid Caliphate was home to many influential playwrights and performers, who helped to develop and popularize theatre throughout the Islamic world. Arab theatre has a long tradition of incorporating comedy and satire into its performances, often using humor to address social and political issues.
Arab theatre encompasses a wide range of dramatic genres, including tragedy, melodrama, and historical plays. Many Arab playwrights have used drama to address contemporary issues, the role of women in Arab society, and the challenges facing young people in the modern world. In recent decades, many Arab theatre artists have pushed the boundaries of the form, experimenting with new styles and techniques. This has led to the emergence of a vibrant contemporary theatre scene in many Arab countries, with innovative productions and performances that challenge traditional notions of Arab identity and culture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs |
Islamic philosophy | Avicenna's most influential theory in epistemology is his theory of knowledge, in which he developed the concept of tabula rasa. He argued that the "human intellect at birth is rather like a tabula rasa, a pure potentiality that is actualized through education and comes to know" and that knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" which is developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning; observations lead to prepositional statements, which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts."
In the 12th century, Ibn Tufail further developed the concept of tabula rasa in his Arabic novel, Hayy ibn Yaqzan, in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island. The Latin translation of his work, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_philosophy |
Sub-Saharan Africa | Depending on classification Sudan is often not considered part of sub-Saharan Africa, as it is considered part of North Africa.
Sudan cap. Khartoum cur. Sudanese pound (SDG) lang. Arabic and English | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa |
2000 Syrian presidential election | After the death of President Hafez al-Assad on June 10, the Syrian parliament voted to amend the Constitution to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from 40 to 34, Bashar al-Assad's age at the time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Syrian_presidential_election |
Ammon | Sources for what little is known of Ammonite religion are mostly the Hebrew Bible and material evidence. In general it appears to have been rather typical for Levantine religions, with Milcom, El and the moon god being the most prominent deities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammon |
National Transitional Council | During the war, in opposition-held Benghazi, a 15-member "local committee" made up of lawyers, judges and respected local people was formed in order to provide civic administration and public services within the city. Residents have organised to direct traffic and collect refuse. Many shops and businesses have opened again. A newspaper and two local radio stations were also established.
Similar "local committees" were formed in other cities controlled by opposition groups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transitional_Council |
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist | The basis of wilayah/guardianship over mentally sound people (not just minors and mentally disabled) by God, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Imams, which appears in principles of faith and kalam can be interpreted from verse 5:55 in the Quran.
According to Ahmed Vaezi,
"Imami [Twelver Shi'i] theologians refer to the Qur’an (especially Chapter 5, Verse 55) and prophetic traditions to support the exclusive authority (i.e. exclusive Wilayat) of the Imams".
إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُمْ رَٰكِعُونَ
Your ally is none but Allah and [therefore] His Messenger and those who have believed - those who establish prayer and give zakah, and they bow [in worship]. (Q.5:55)
In Q.5:55, "those who believe”, may sound like it refers to Muslim believers in general, but (according to Ahmed Vaezi) Shi’a commentators have interpreted "those who believe” to mean the Shi'i Imams. (Sunni Muslims do not believe "those who believe" refers to the Imams.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist |
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