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exten => 102,1,Dial(PJSIP/0000f30B0B02,10,m)
same => n,Playback(vm-nobodyavail)
same => n,Hangup()
Argument 4: URI
The fourth and final argument to the Dial() application is a URI. If the destination
channel supports receiving a URI at the time of the call, the specified URI will be sent
(for example, if you have an IP telephone that supports receiving a URI, it will appear
on the phone’s display; likewise, if you’re using a softphone, the URI might pop up on
your computer screen). This argument is very rarely used.
Building an Interactive Dialplan
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95
Updating the dialplan
Let’s modify extensions 1 and 2 in our menu to use the Dial() application, and add
extensions 3 and 4 just for good measure:
[TestMenu]
exten => start,1,Answer()
same => n,Background(enter-ext-of-person)
same => n,WaitExten(5)
exten => 1,1,Dial(PJSIP/0000f30A0A01,10)
same => n,Playback(vm-nobodyavail)
same => n,Hangup()
exten => 2,1,Dial(PJSIP/0000f30B0B02,10)
same => n,Playback(vm-nobodyavail)
same => n,Hangup()
exten => 3,1,Dial(PJSIP/SOFTPHONE_A,10)
same => n,Playback(vm-nobodyavail)
same => n,Hangup()
exten => 4,1,Dial(PJSIP/SOFTPHONE_B,10)
same => n,Playback(vm-nobodyavail)
same => n,Hangup()
exten => i,1,Playback(pbx-invalid)
same => n,Goto(TestMenu,start,1)
exten => t,1,Playback(vm-goodbye)
same => n,Hangup()
Blank arguments
Note that the second, third, and fourth arguments may be left blank; only the first
argument is required. For example, if you want to specify an option but not a time‐
out, simply leave the timeout argument blank, like this:
exten => 4,1,Dial(SIP/SOFTPHONE_B,,m)
Using Variables
If you have programming experience, you already understand what a variable is. If
not, we’ll briefly explain what variables are and how they are used. Any dialplan work
beyond the very simple examples just given will greatly benefit from the use of vari‐
ables. They are one of the useful features of a customizable dialplan that you will not
find in a typical proprietary PBX.
A variable is a named container that can hold a value. Think of it like a post office
box. The advantage of a variable is that its contents may change, but its name does
not, which means you can write code that references the variable name and not worry
about what the value will be. It is almost impossible to do any sort of useful program‐
ming without variables.
96
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Chapter 6: Dialplan Basics
There are two ways to reference a variable. To reference the variable’s name, simply
type the name of the variable. If, on the other hand, you want to reference the value
of the variable, you must type a dollar sign, an opening curly brace, the name of the
variable, and a closing curly brace. So, to use the post office box analogy, you refer to
the box itself by simply using its name, and you refer to the contents with the use of
the ${} wrapper. A variable named MyVar is referred to as MyVar, and its contents are
accessed with ${MyVar}. Here’s how we might use a variable inside the Dial()
application:16
exten => 203,1,Noop(say some digits)
same => n,Answer()
same => n,Set(SomeDigits=123)
same => n,SayDigits(${SomeDigits})
same => n,Wait(.25)
same => n,Set(SomeDigits=543)
same => n,SayDigits(${SomeDigits})
In our dialplan, whenever we refer to ${SomeDigits}, Asterisk will automatically
replace it with whatever value has been assigned to the variable named SomeDigits.
Note that variable names are case-sensitive. A variable named SOME
DIGITS is different from a variable named SomeDigits. You should