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Published by Director Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture Santoshnagar , Hyderabad 500 059 Phone : 040-24530177 ( O ) 24532262 ( R ) Fax : 24531802 , 24535336 Web : http : //dryland.ap.nic.in E-mail : ramakrishna.ys @ crida.ap.nic.in August 2004 CRIDA ( Central Research Institute for Dryland
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crida.ap.nic.in August 2004 CRIDA ( Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture ) 2004 . Annual Report 2003-2004 . Hyderabad , A.P . , India : CRIDA . p.125 . Editorial Committee Y.S.Ramakrishna I.A.Khan Sreenath Dixit Y.G.Prasad Hindi S.K.Yadav K.L.Sharma S.R.Yadav Technical Support B.Sanjeeva
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Sreenath Dixit Y.G.Prasad Hindi S.K.Yadav K.L.Sharma S.R.Yadav Technical Support B.Sanjeeva Reddy Photography K.Surender Rao Word Processing Anita Sohni Production I.A.Khan Sreenath Dixit B.Sanjeeva Reddy Printed at VENU ENTERPRISES , Hyd-20 . ✆ : 2766 1538 Cover page 1 Percolation pond 4 Training farmwomen
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2766 1538 Cover page 1 Percolation pond 4 Training farmwomen 2 Orchard sprayer 5 Farm pond 3 Silvipasture 6 Conservation furrow 1 2 3 4 5 6 flÊÁ·¸∑§ ¬˝ÁÃflŒŸ ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ’ Ê⁄UÊŸË ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ‚¢ÃÙ·Ÿª⁄U , „ ÒUŒ⁄UÊ ’ ÊŒ zÆÆ Æz~ Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture
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’ ÊŒ zÆÆ Æz~ Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture Santoshnagar , Hyderabad 500 059 Preface Augmenting the production and productivity of the rainfed regions is the key for assuring livelihood security for millions of poor inhabiting these areas . Sustainability of the gains achieved assumes
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inhabiting these areas . Sustainability of the gains achieved assumes greater importance in view of the recurrent droughts in these regions . Thus , strategies to overcome the adverse impact of aberrant weather are of utmost relevance . However , augmentation of production in good rainfall years will
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However , augmentation of production in good rainfall years will enable encashing of favourable conditions to regain the lost momentum in the economy due to droughts . An ample testimony to this is the agricultural growth in the year under report ( 2003-04 ) . The year witnessed a favourable monsoon
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( 2003-04 ) . The year witnessed a favourable monsoon and registered 9.1 % growth compared to the previous year ’ s decline by 5.2 % ( 2002-03 ) . CRIDA has been playing a major role in developing and disseminating technologies to meet the twin objectives of sustaining and augmenting productivity of
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meet the twin objectives of sustaining and augmenting productivity of rainfed regions . The pages that follow in this Report provide insights into our efforts in achieving these objectives . Research focus for achieving productivity increase and ensuring profitability from the rainfed areas has been
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increase and ensuring profitability from the rainfed areas has been on rainwater management - its conservation and utilization on watershed basis ; matching crops with land capability ; diversification to increase rural incomes ; selective mechanization for timeliness and efficiency of agricultural operations
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; selective mechanization for timeliness and efficiency of agricultural operations ; integrated nutrient and pest management ; par- ticipatory research and evaluation of dryland technologies , and training and technology transfer . Climatic variability has a profound effect on land use pattern . Models
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has a profound effect on land use pattern . Models developed at CRIDA predict a substantial increase in the area under groundnut and pigeonpea in four districts of Andhra Pradesh . Agro-climatic studies indicated the probabilities for agricultural drought in major crop growing districts for sorghum and
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agricultural drought in major crop growing districts for sorghum and groundnut . Models integrating climate , soil and crop growth have been devised to predict regional level yield of cotton . Simple climatic model using rainfall regime of specific meteorological subdivisions influencing agricultural
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model using rainfall regime of specific meteorological subdivisions influencing agricultural productivity along with the southern oscillation index has been developed and tested to reasonably predict the national food grain production well in advance . Analysis of hydrological data revealed the effectiveness
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in advance . Analysis of hydrological data revealed the effectiveness of resource conservation technologies at Nalgonda and Prakasam districts . Impact analysis of watershed management practices in 31 watersheds across the country clearly brought out critical indicators for success/failure of watersheds
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country clearly brought out critical indicators for success/failure of watersheds . Best bio-intensive IPM modules that are economical and eco-friendly have been identified through large-scale on-farm trials in castor . Simple techniques when demonstrated to farmers in castor and pigeonpea could reduce
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when demonstrated to farmers in castor and pigeonpea could reduce one or more chemical sprays . Best crop combinations in castor and pigeonpea were identified for reduction of pest damage and increased income . A thorough analysis of research on intercropping systems in the rainfed areas in the country
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on intercropping systems in the rainfed areas in the country has been documented . Integrated study on biomass production from subabul and gliricidia linked to their nutritive potential and feeding strategy for small ruminants was undertaken . A rural bio-centre was established in Nalgonda for low cost
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A rural bio-centre was established in Nalgonda for low cost multiplication of teak plants . Research on dryland horticulture and value addition led to study of best management practices for mango cultivation in rainfed tracts , in situ grafting and processing of custard apple , deseeding technique in
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grafting and processing of custard apple , deseeding technique in amla , colouring and organoleptic properties of roselle , and refinement of essence extraction from curry leaf . CRIDA designs for farm implements have been licensed to several industries spread across four states in the country . The
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industries spread across four states in the country . The institute has pioneered and furthered the concept of custom hiring centres in villages for ready and timely access to farm implements at an affordable cost . Adequate emphasis was placed for training of stakeholders in the mandated area . CRIDA
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for training of stakeholders in the mandated area . CRIDA continued to cater to the educational needs of students and researchers . Several scientists and technical staff have been deputed for training as part of the human resource development . A major effort was initiated to expand and improve the
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A major effort was initiated to expand and improve the research farm at Hayatnagar . De- velopment of Phase III ( 40 ha ) has been initiated for the first time by taking up large-scale planting of bio-fuel yielding Pongamia and Jatropha and other tree-borne oilseed species such as Simarouba and Mahua
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and other tree-borne oilseed species such as Simarouba and Mahua . Seed production has been the major activity at Gunegal Research Farm for catering to the needs of large number of castor farmers in the region . Several significant initiatives were made during the year under report . Research backstopping
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were made during the year under report . Research backstopping of network projects ( AICRP on Agrometeorology and AICRP on Dryland agriculture ) is being promoted as a key strategy to strengthen linkages and reinforce the research domain of CRIDA . As a first step towards this goal , a website www.cropweatheroutlook.org
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a first step towards this goal , a website www.cropweatheroutlook.org was launched during 2003 with the aim of providing wider use of value-added weather information by the planners , researchers and farmers . Rainfed production system is complex and requires multi-pronged strategy to achieve progress
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system is complex and requires multi-pronged strategy to achieve progress . Our efforts towards overall improvement of the system have begun to show modest results . But there is still a long way to go . I assure all the stakeholders that CRIDA would continue to strive and excel to implement its mandate
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would continue to strive and excel to implement its mandate . Y.S . Ramakrishna 7 August , 2004 Director Contents Preface Executive Summary Hindi - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i English - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vi 1 . Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 . Research Achievements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2.1 Resource Characterization
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- - - - - - 4 2.1 Resource Characterization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 2.2 Integrated Nutrient Management - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 2.3 Rainwater Management - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 2.4 Crops and Cropping Systems
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- - - - 25 2.4 Crops and Cropping Systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 2.5 Alternate Land Use Systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37 2.6 Farm Machinery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 2.7 Socio-economic Studies - -
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- - - - 49 2.7 Socio-economic Studies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51 2.8 Transfer of Technology - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55 3 . Technologies Assessed and Transferred - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56 4 . Education and Training
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- - - - 56 4 . Education and Training - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59 5 . Women in Agriculture - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63 6 . Awards and Recognitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- - - - - - - - - - - - 66 7 . Linkages and Collaborations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 67 8 . AICRP/Coordination Units/NATP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68 9 . Publications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93 10 . Ongoing Projects - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 104 11 . Consultancy , Patents and Commercialization - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -110 12 . QRT , RAC , Management Committee , SRC - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -111 13 . Participation of Scientists in Conferences , Meetings , - - - - - - - - - - - - -113 Workshops and Symposia in India and Abroad 14 . Workshops , Seminars , Summer Institutes , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -116 Farmers ’ Day etc. , organized by the
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- -116 Farmers ’ Day etc. , organized by the Institute 15 . Distinguished Visitors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -118 16 . Personnel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 120 17 . Infrastructure Development - -
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- - - 120 17 . Infrastructure Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 123 Acronyms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 124 i ∑¥§º˝Ëÿ ’ Ê⁄UÊŸË ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§Ë SÕʬŸÊ fl·¸ v~ } z ◊¥ „ ÈU߸– ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ
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fl·¸ v~ } z ◊¥ „ ÈU߸– ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ¬Á⁄U·Œ ∑§ ¬˝Ê∑ΧÁÃ∑§ ‚¢‚ÊœŸ ¬˝ ’ ¢œŸ ¬˝÷ʪ ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ’ Ê⁄UÊŸË ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ „ UÃÈ ÿ „ U ∞∑§ ¬˝◊Èπ ‚¢SÕÊŸ „ ÒU– ÿ „ U ‚¢SÕÊŸ •Áπ‹ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚◊Áãflà ’ Ê⁄UÊŸË ∑ΧÁ· •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ( AICRPDA ) ∞fl¢ •Áπ‹ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚◊Áãflà ∑ΧÁ· ◊ı‚◊ÁflôÊÊŸ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ (
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) ∞fl¢ •Áπ‹ ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ‚◊Áãflà ∑ΧÁ· ◊ı‚◊ÁflôÊÊŸ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ( AICRPAM ) ∑§ ‚ÊÕ Á◊‹∑§⁄U fl·Ê¸ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ©Uà¬ÊŒ∑§ÃÊ ∑§Ù ’ …∏UÊŸ ◊¥ ¬˝◊Èπ ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ÁŸ÷ÊÃÊ •Ê ⁄U „ UÊ „ ÒU– ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ◊Í‹÷Íà ∞fl¢ √ÿÍ „ UÊà◊∑§ Áfl·ÿÙ¥ ¬⁄U ∑¥§Áº˝Ã „ ÒU ¡ ’ Á∑§ ‚◊ãflÿŸ ∑¥§º˝Ù¥ mÊ⁄UÊ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ SÕÊŸ-Áfl‡Ê·
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„ ÒU ¡ ’ Á∑§ ‚◊ãflÿŸ ∑¥§º˝Ù¥ mÊ⁄UÊ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ SÕÊŸ-Áfl‡Ê· ∑§Ë ‚◊SÿÊ•Ù¥ ¬⁄U ∑¥§Áº˝Ã „ ÒU– Á¬¿U‹¥ ∑ȧ¿U fl·ÙZ ‚ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ , •¢Ã⁄Uʸc≈˛Ëÿ ∞fl¢ ÁŸø‹ SÃ⁄U ∑§ ‚¢SÕÊŸÙ¥ ‚ ÁŸ∑§≈U ‚¢ ’ ¢œ SÕÊÁ¬Ã Á∑§∞ „ ÈU∞ „ ÒU– ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§Ù ‚◊Á∑§Ã ¡‹ª˝ „ UáÊ ¬˝ ’ ¢œŸ , ¡Òfl-÷ıÁÃ∑§ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∞fl¢ fl·Ê¸ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ∑ΧÁ·
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’ ¢œŸ , ¡Òfl-÷ıÁÃ∑§ •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∞fl¢ fl·Ê¸ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ∑ΧÁ· ¬ÊÁ⁄UÁSÕÁÃ∑§ ˇÊòÊÙ¥ „ UÃÈ ’ „ UÃ⁄U ÃÕÊ ∑§◊ ‹ÊªÃ ∑§ ∑ΧÁ· ©U¬∑§⁄UáÊÙ¥ ∑§ ¬˝øÊ⁄U-¬˝‚Ê⁄U ∑§ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ Áfl‡Ê· ÿÙªŒÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ÿÕÙÁøà ◊ÊãÿÃÊ ¬˝ŒÊŸ ∑§Ë ªß¸ „ ÒU– ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§Ù ⁄UÊc≈˛UËÿ ∑ΧÁ· ¬˝ılÙÁª∑§Ë ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ( NATP ) ∑§Ë fl·Ê¸ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ∑ΧÁ·
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∑ΧÁ· ¬˝ılÙÁª∑§Ë ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ ( NATP ) ∑§Ë fl·Ê¸ •ÊœÊÁ⁄Uà ∑ΧÁ· ¬ÊÁ⁄UÁSÕÁÃ∑§ ¬˝áÊÊ‹Ë ÁŸŒ‡ÊÊ‹ÿ ∑§Ê ◊ÈÅÿÊ‹ÿ ∞fl¢ ‚¢SÕÊŸ ∑§Ë w~ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ•Ù¥ ‚Á „ Uà vvÆ ‹ˇÿÙ¥ã◊Èπ ¬Á⁄UÿÙ¡ŸÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ê ∑§Êÿʸà◊∑§ ‚◊ãflÿŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ê ªı⁄Ufl ÷Ë ¬˝Êåà „ ÒU– fl·¸ wÆÆx-Æy ∑§ Œı⁄UÊŸ , •ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ∑§ÊÿÙZ ∑§Ù ‚¢‚ÊœŸ ‹ˇÊáÊ , ‚◊Á∑§Ã ¬Ù·∑§ ¬˝ ’
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•ŸÈ‚¢œÊŸ ∑§ÊÿÙZ ∑§Ù ‚¢‚ÊœŸ ‹ˇÊáÊ , ‚◊Á∑§Ã ¬Ù·∑§ ¬˝ ’ ¢œŸ , fl·Ê¸ ¡‹ ¬˝ ’ ¢œŸ , » §‚‹ ∞fl¢ » §‚‹ ¬˝áÊÊÁ‹ÿÊ¢ , flÒ∑§ÁÀ¬∑§ ÷ÍÁ◊ ©U¬ÿÙª ¬˝áÊÊÁ‹ÿÊ¢ , ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§-•ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ◊Èg¥ , ∑ΧÁ· ©U¬∑§⁄UáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ê Áfl∑§Ê‚ ∞fl¢ ¬˝ılÙÁª∑§Ë „ USÃÊ¢Ã⁄áÊ ¡Ò‚ Áfl·ÿÙ¥ Ã∑§ „ UË ‚ËÁ◊à ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ „ ÒU– ÁflÁ‡Êc≈U ©U¬‹ÁéœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚Ê⁄U ÁŸêŸÁ‹ÁπÃ
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‚ËÁ◊à ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ „ ÒU– ÁflÁ‡Êc≈U ©U¬‹ÁéœÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚Ê⁄U ÁŸêŸÁ‹Áπà „ ÒU— ‚¢‚ÊœŸ ‹ˇÊáÊ ÖflÊ⁄U ∞fl¢ •⁄U „ U⁄U ∑§Ë ¡‹ ©U¬ÿÙª ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ÃÕÊ ‡ÊÈc∑§ ¬ŒÊÕ¸ ©Uà¬ÊŒŸ ‚¢ ’ ¢œË •Ê¢∑§ « ∏UÙ¥ ∑§ Áfl‡‹·áÊ „ UÃÈ “ ‚∑¥§ « U •Ê « ¸U⁄U ¬ÙÁ‹ŸÙÁ◊ÿ‹ ” •ŸÈ∑ͧ‹ ¬ÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– ߟ » §‚‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ‡ÊÈc∑§ ¬ŒÊÕ¸ ∑§ ∞∑§ÁòÊà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ¬˝Ê⁄¢U÷
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§‚‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ‡ÊÈc∑§ ¬ŒÊÕ¸ ∑§ ∞∑§ÁòÊà ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ¬˝Ê⁄¢U÷ „ UÙŸ ‚ ¬ „ U‹ „ UË vwz Á◊Á‹◊Ë≈U⁄U ‚ •Áœ∑§ ¡‹ flÊc¬Ùà‚Á¡¸Ã ( evapotranspired ) „ UÙ ªÿÊ– •Ê¢œ˝ ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ◊Í¢ª » §‹Ë ∞fl¢ •⁄U „ U⁄U ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ÷ÍÁ◊ ©U¬ÿÙª mÊ⁄UÊ ¡‹flÊÿÈ ¬Á⁄UfløŸ‡ÊË‹ÃÊ ∑§ ¬˝÷Êfl ¬⁄U Á∑§∞ ª∞ •äÿÿŸÙ¥ ‚ ¬ÃÊ ø‹Ê Á∑§ ∑§Ÿ¸Í‹ ,
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¬⁄U Á∑§∞ ª∞ •äÿÿŸÙ¥ ‚ ¬ÃÊ ø‹Ê Á∑§ ∑§Ÿ¸Í‹ , •Ÿ¢Ã¬È⁄U , ∑§ « ∏U¬Ê ∞fl¢ ◊ „ U ’ Í ’ Ÿª⁄U Á¡‹Ù¥ ◊¥ ß‚∑§ ¬˝÷Êfl ‚ ◊Í¢ª » §‹Ë ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ x } ‚ vÆz ¬˝ÁÇÊà Ã∑§ ∑§Ë flÎÁh ÃÕÊ ÁøûÊÍ⁄U Á¡‹ ◊¥ ww ¬˝ÁÇÊà ∑§Ë§ ∑§◊Ë •Ê∞ªË– ∑§ « ∏U¬Ê , ÁŸïÊÊ◊ ’ ÊŒ , ◊Œ∑§ ∞fl¢ Ÿ‹ªÙá « UÊ Á¡‹Ù¥ ◊¥ •⁄U „ U⁄U ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã
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Ÿ‹ªÙá « UÊ Á¡‹Ù¥ ◊¥ •⁄U „ U⁄U ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã ˇÊòÊ » §‹ ◊¥ flÎÁh ∑§Ê •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ‹ªÊÿÊ ªÿÊ– ÖflÊ⁄U ∑§Ë Á∑§S◊ “ ‚Ë.∞‚.∞ø.-~ ” ◊¥ S¬Ä≈˛‹ ‹ˇÊáÊ ∑§ •¢Ãª¸Ã •ÊŸ flÊ‹ “ ŸÊ◊¸‹ÊßÖ « U Á « U » §⁄¥U‚ flÁ¡≈U‡ÊŸ ߢ « UÄ‚ ” ( NDVI ) •ı⁄U ‚ÊœÊ⁄UáÊ •ŸÈ¬Êà mÊ⁄UÊ ’ ÍÁ≈¢Uª ∞fl¢ ¬Èc¬áÊ •flSÕÊ ◊¥ » §‚‹ ©U¬¡ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ‹ªÊŸ
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∞fl¢ ¬Èc¬áÊ •flSÕÊ ◊¥ » §‚‹ ©U¬¡ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ‹ªÊŸ „ UÃÈ ◊ „ Uàfl¬Íáʸ Á‚h „ ÈU߸– ¡‹flÊÿÈ , ◊ÎŒÊ ∞fl¢ » §‚‹ flÎÁh ◊ÊÚ « U‹Ù¥ ∑§Ù ‚◊Á∑§Ã ∑§⁄U ∑§¬Ê‚ ∑§ ˇÊòÊËÿ SÃ⁄U ∑§ ©Uà¬ÊŒŸ ∑§Ê •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ‹ªÊŸ ∑§ Á‹∞ ∞∑§ ◊ÊÚ « U‹ ∑§Ê Áfl∑§Ê‚ Á∑§ÿÊ ªÿÊ– •Ê¢œ˝ ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∑§ •∑§Ê‹ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ∑ΧcáÊÊ ∞fl¢ ªÙŒÊfl⁄UË
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◊¥ Á¬¿U‹ fl·¸ ∑§ •∑§Ê‹ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ∑ΧcáÊÊ ∞fl¢ ªÙŒÊfl⁄UË ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ∑§ •‹ÊflÊ •ãÿ ‚÷Ë ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ∑ΧcÿU ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ∑§◊Ë •Ê߸– ŒÁˇÊáÊ Ã‹¢ªÊŸÊ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ ÿ „ U ∑§◊Ë •àÿÊÁœ∑§ ÕË– ¬˝Œ‡Ê ∑§ ‚÷Ë ‚ÊÃÙ¥ ˇÊòÊÙ¥ ◊¥ Ÿ◊Ë ÉÊ≈UŸ ∑§ ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊SflM§¬ ©Uà¬ÊŒŸ ◊¥ ∑§◊Ë •Ê߸– ‚¢SÕÊŸ ◊¥ ÁSÕà ∑ΧÁ· ◊ı‚◊ÁflôÊÊŸ « U≈UÊ ’
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