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8,559,202 | 1. A power conversion apparatus comprising: a plurality of single-phase inverters having respective inputs and outputs and converting input DC power from respective DC power sources to AC power, the outputs of the single-phase inverters being connected in series, wherein a booster circuit including a switch, wherein | 35,816 |
8,661,768 | 1. A method of increasing a break out capacity of a concrete structure from an initial break out capacity to a reinforced break out capacity, the concrete structure comprising a railing positioned in proximity to at least a portion of an edge of the concrete structure, the method comprising: cutting a groove adjacent an edge of said concrete structure in front of a railing post; inserting a rod into the groove; and filling the groove with a polymeric resin; in said concrete structure having a top surface with edges, wherein the concrete structure has at least one railing post embedded in the concrete structure, wherein the reinforced break out capacity of a portion of the concrete structure adjacent one or more of said at least one railing post after reinforcement is greater than the initial break out capacity of the same portion of the concrete structure adjacent the same one or more of said at least one railing post before reinforcement. | 49,488 |
8,706,422 | 1. A method for determining whether a nucleic acid sequence imbalance exists within a biological sample of a female subject pregnant with at least one fetus, wherein the biological sample includes nucleic acid molecules from the female subject and from the at least one fetus, the method comprising: receiving data from a plurality of reactions involving nucleic acid molecules from the biological sample, wherein the data includes: determining a parameter from the two data sets, wherein the parameter provides a numerical relationship between the first amount and the second amount; measuring an average concentration of a reference nucleic acid sequence in each of the plurality of reactions; at least one processor deriving a first cutoff value from: comparing the parameter to the first cutoff value; and based on the comparison, determining a classification of whether the nucleic acid sequence imbalance exists. | 7,208 |
8,556,590 | 1. A wind-turbine rotor blade comprising: an outer skin member formed of fiber-reinforced plastic, shear webs, and trailing-edge sandwich members disposed closer to a trailing edge than the shear webs, wherein the outer skin member at a dorsal side located closer to the trailing edge than a trailing-edge end of the trailing-edge sandwich member located at the dorsal side or a vicinity of the trailing-edge end of the trailing-edge sandwich member located at the dorsal side is coupled, via a reinforcing member, with the outer skin member at a ventral side located closer to the trailing edge than a trailing-edge end of the trailing-edge sandwich member located at the ventral side or a vicinity of the trailing-edge end of the trailing-edge sandwich member located at the ventral side; the reinforcing member is provided with a lightweight core material which is made of plastic foam or wood, a dorsal-side skin member disposed at the dorsal side of the lightweight core material, and a ventral-side skin member disposed at the ventral side of the lightweight core material; the lightweight core material is integrally formed with the dorsal-side skin member and the ventral-side skin member so as to be sandwiched therebetween; the dorsal-side skin member and/or the ventral-side skin member is formed of fiber-reinforced plastic in which reinforcement fibers are oriented in a blade longitudinal direction; a second skin member, that is disposed on an outer side of the lightweight core material, the dorsal-side skin member, and the ventral-side skin member, is further provided; and the lightweight core material, the dorsal-side skin member, the ventral-side skin member, and the second skin member are integrally formed. | 47,919 |
9,785,556 | 1. An apparatus comprising: logic to determine an order of a snoop message and a completion message to be exchanged between a first integrated circuit die and a second integrated circuit die based at least on status of two bits, wherein the first integrated circuit die and the second integrated circuit die are to be coupled through a first interface and a second interface, wherein the snoop message and the completion message are to be exchanged over at least one of the first interface and the second interface, wherein the logic is to allow the completion message to pass the snoop message, wherein the logic is to disallow the snoop message to pass the completion message to a same address, wherein a coherent flit is to be packed based on: one or more epoch bits and one or more packing rules, wherein packing of the coherent flit is to ensure absence of a conflicting message in the coherent flit. | 37,003 |
8,519,672 | 1. A desulfation device applicable to a lead-acid battery, comprising: an electrode connector connected with an electrode of the lead-acid battery; a drive signal generator configured to generate a pulse wave drive signal with a specific pulse width that causes a temperature increase of the desulfation device to be equal to or less than a predetermined temperature value by using electric current extracted from the electrode of the lead-acid battery via the electrode connector; a resistor configured to regulate the electric current extracted from the electrode of the lead-acid battery via the electrode connector to electric current of not less than 300 mA; and a switcher connected with the drive signal generator and with the resistor and operated in response to the generated pulse wave drive signal to supply a back electromotive force and a reverse current to the lead-acid battery in synchronism with a falling edge of the pulse wave drive signal. | 45,571 |
9,114,069 | 1. A method of inhibiting microbial growth in an aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising, admixing: a) at least one alkylsaccharide having antibacterial activity, wherein the alkylsaccharide consists of an alkyl chain length from t 2 to 14 carbon atoms linked by glycosidic linkage to a maltose, wherein the alkylsaccharide is n-Dodecyl-4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside; b) at least one therapeutic peptide, wherein the therapeutic peptide is a parathyroid hormone (PTH) or analog thereof, and wherein the PTH analog is PTH (1-31), PTH (1-34) or PTH (3-34); and c) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or a salt thereof, wherein the at least one alkylsaccharide and the EDTA or salt thereof are present in amount sufficient to inhibit microbial growth of | 33,717 |
8,911,159 | 1. A circuit board assembly, comprising: a circuit board; a first optical transceiver electrically connected to the circuit board; a first transparent shell mounted on the circuit board and optically coupled with the first optical transceiver; a second optical transceiver electrically connected to the circuit board; a second transparent shell mounted on the circuit board and optically coupled with the second optical transceiver; and a plurality of light wave guides arranged between the first transparent shell and the second transparent shell and optically coupled with the first transparent shell and the second transparent shell; wherein the first optical transceiver is configured for sending first light signals, the first light signals are transmitted through the first transparent shell, the light wave guides, and the second transparent shell and are received by the second optical transceiver; the second optical transceiver is configured for sending second light signals, the second light signals are transmitted through the second transparent shell, the light wave guides, and the first transparent shell and are received by the first optical transceiver; wherein the first optical transceiver comprises a first light emitting module and a first light receiving module, the first light emitting module comprises two first laser diodes and a first laser driver electrically connected to the first laser diodes; the first light receiving module comprises two first photo diodes and a first photoelectric converter electrically connected to the first photo diodes. | 33,156 |
9,387,906 | 1. A battery box comprising: a battery; a case enclosing the battery and including an air inlet and an air outlet in communication with the air inlet for directing air flow through the case to cool the battery; and an adjustable vent disposed at the air outlet for deflecting the air flow from the air outlet in a selected direction; a fan disposed in the case for forcing air flow from the air inlet to the air outlet; a controller in communication with the fan and a temperature sensor in communication with the controller; and a heating element disposed in the case and in communication with the controller. | 28,444 |
9,751,263 | 1. A system for manufacturing a three-dimensional object comprising: a three-dimensional object printer having a platen and an ejector head, which is configured to eject drops of material onto the platen to form a printed part on the platen; an injection molding system having an injection mold with a cavity configured to shape a three-dimensional object and injectors configured to inject material into the cavity, the injection mold also including a recess adjacent to the cavity configured to receive the platen and place the printed part within the cavity; an actuator configured to move the printed part from the three-dimensional object printer to the cavity of the injection mold; and a controller operably connected to the three-dimensional object printer, the injection mold, and the actuator, the controller being configured to: | 18,909 |
9,285,139 | 1. An apparatus comprising: a solar energy collector supported by a base frame; a first ground interface coupled to the base frame through a linkage, the first ground interface configured to provide weight-bearing support for the base frame, the linkage providing two or more degrees of freedom; a second ground interface coupled to the base frame and configured to movingly engage a ground surface and provide weight-bearing support for the base frame; a third ground interface coupled to the base frame and configured movingly engage the ground surface and provide weight-bearing support for the base frame; and an azimuth drive system configured to pivot the base frame about the first ground interface, wherein the linkage is configured to accommodate a vertical movement of the base frame when the base frame is pivoting about the first ground interface, wherein the solar energy collector comprises an inflatable concentrator defining an inflation space. | 16,482 |
9,097,153 | 1. An exhaust system of a combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the exhaust system comprising: an exhaust line forking out from a branching point into a heat exchanger branch and a bypass branch and reuniting at a region downstream of the heat exchanger branch and the bypass branch, wherein the exhaust line has an adjustable control element including an exhaust flap located at the branching point and partially positionable into the bypass branch for proportionally diverting combustion gas flowing through the exhaust line from the exhaust line to the heat exchanger branch and the bypass branch; a heat exchanger connected to the heat exchanger branch and to a cooling circuit; an adjusting mechanism configured to move the adjustable control element, the adjusting mechanism comprising: a heat shield interposed between exhaust line and the actuator. | 2,255 |
8,529,763 | 1. A method treating produced water comprising: anaerobically treating produced water for at least a first mean residence time; aerating the produced water for a second mean residence time; biologically digesting the anaerobically treated and aerated produced water to produce a digested effluent having a desired concentration of methanol; separating contaminants from the digested effluent with one or more of a reverse osmosis system and an ultra filtration system to produce a filtered effluent and a reject stream; and concentrating at least some of the reject stream to produce a concentrated reject stream, wherein the concentrating operation includes evaporating at least some of the reject stream. | 22,103 |
9,254,327 | 1. A compound of formula IA: or a salt thereof, wherein X and Y are each, independently, alkyl or aryl; L R Z is —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —C(O)N(R each occurrence of R --- represents a single bond or a double bond, where when --- represents a single bond, C* is further substituted by hydrogen or alkyl, wherein L 2 is a linear alkylene unit and contains one or more double bonds and one or more cycloalkylene groups. | 17,892 |
9,287,076 | 1. A fusible link unit which is fastened to a battery post clamp terminal clamped to an on-vehicle battery, comprising: a bus bar made from a metal plate and comprising: at least one fusible portion provided at another end of the bus bar opposite to the one end having the battery terminal; and a resin case covering the bus bar except for the at least one fusible portion, wherein the fuse link unit fastens to the battery post clamp terminal by the fastening member, and the fuse link unit shifts, while the fastening member is received in the unified opening, in a direction of mounting a selected one of the at least two mounting edges of the battery terminal into abutment with a portion of the battery post clamp terminal. | 41,505 |
9,222,257 | 1. A pre-constructed, standalone, drop-down ceiling assembly for a medical facility operating/intervention room, comprising: a. a drop-down ceiling structure adapted for installation as a unit with a ceiling substrate of a medical facility operating/intervention room, said ceiling structure comprising a downwardly recessed sub-structure at an elevation below the substrate ceiling; b. a lighting system installed in the drop-down ceiling structure, said lighting system comprising: c. a ventilation distribution system installed in the drop-down ceiling structure, said ventilation distribution system comprising a plurality of laminar flow outlets in the recessed ceiling sub-structure wherein ventilation air is able to travel from said outlets in a laminar flow condition from the drop-down ceiling sub-structure to the surgical site. | 6,120 |
9,015,524 | 1. A control device configured to control data transfer between a host device, a first storage configured as a nonvolatile storage for storing data, and a second storage configured as a nonvolatile random access memory having faster write speed than the first storage, the control device comprising: a memory processing unit for the second storage configured to encode input data from the host device sequentially into an error correcting code for the second storage and control the second storage to store the encoded data to the second storage sequentially when a write request signal requesting to write data to the first storage is input from the host device; a read processing unit for the second storage configured to control the second storage to read out data of a predetermined size stored in the second storage when a size of data stored in the second storage reaches the predetermined size; a memory processing unit for the first storage configured to perform error correction and decoding on the read data as the error correcting code for the second storage, and control the first storage to store the decoded data; a number of writes and erases counting unit for the second storage configured to count a number of writes and erases for the second storage, the number of writes and erases for the second storage being a sum of the number of writes of data in the second storage and the number of erases of data stored in the second storage; and a code length of data setting unit configured to set a data length for execution and a code length for execution to tend to be longer as the number of writes and erases for the second storage increases, the data length for execution being a length of input data from the host device encoded into the error correcting code for the second storage, the code length for execution being a code length of input data from the host device encoded into the error correcting code for the second storage; wherein the memory processing unit for the second storage encodes the input data from the host device into the error correcting code for the second storage having the set data length for execution and the set code length for execution, and the memory processing unit for the first storage performs error correction and decoding on the read data as the error correcting code for the second storage having the set data length for execution and the set code length for execution. | 11,672 |
9,630,486 | 1. A vehicle comprising a mounted object, which is supported by a framework member of the vehicle with a supporting member and which is disposed offset to one side of the vehicle with respect to a center of the vehicle in a front-rear direction, wherein the framework member includes a pair of front-rear framework members that extends in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and a right-left framework member that extends in a right-left direction of the vehicle and that is fixed to the pair of front-rear framework members; the supporting member is fixed to the right-left framework; the mounted object is disposed on the one side with respect to the right-left framework member; and the mounted object comprises an extending portion that extends from the mounted object while inclined to a vertical direction or that extends from the mounted object in a horizontal direction, and that is formed such that, when an external force of a predetermined value or larger is exerted on the mounted object from the one side to displace the mounted object to another side by a predetermined amount or larger, the extending portion abuts on a surface of the right-left framework member, the surface facing upward in the vertical direction, the vehicle, further comprising another right-left framework member that is disposed in parallel with the right-left framework member to sandwich the mounted object therebetween, and that is fixed to the pair of front-rear framework members. | 39,536 |
9,762,839 | 1. An apparatus comprising: a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns and each including a photoelectric conversion unit and an amplifying transistor to which an electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit is input; a plurality of vertical signal lines disposed in correspondence with the columns of the plurality of pixels and each connected to the amplifying transistor of each pixel in a corresponding one of the columns; a plurality of current sources each connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of vertical signal lines; and a reference current source connected in common to the plurality of current sources through a first common connecting line; wherein each of the plurality of current sources includes: wherein a gate of the first transistor is connected to the first common connecting line; and wherein a gate of the second transistor is connected to the first common connecting line via the second switch. | 37,597 |
9,755,431 | 1. A power management system comprising: a power supplying unit; a measuring unit configured to measure a power generation environment for the power supplying unit, wherein the power generation environment includes one or more measureable characteristics within an environment of the measuring unit; a communication unit configured to transmit information measured by the measuring unit; a memory configured to store information measured by the measuring unit during a period when the communication unit is out of operation; and a control unit configured to control the measuring unit and the communication unit, wherein | 39,225 |
9,233,616 | 1. A charging system for minimizing system energy comprising: an electrically driven vehicle including a vehicle-mounted electric storage device, which is charged with and retains renewable energy and system energy, and a vehicle-mounted charging controller for controlling charging of the vehicle-mounted electric storage device; and a charging site including a generating device for generating the renewable energy, a charging site electric storage device for storing the renewable energy and the system energy, and a charging-site charging controller for controlling storage of energy in the charging site electric storage device, and also controlling a type of energy used for charging the vehicle-mounted electric storage device of the electrically driven vehicle from the charging site, wherein the charging-site charging controller maintains information on a remaining amount of the renewable energy and a remaining amount of the system energy in the charging site electric storage device after the renewable energy and the system energy were previously stored in the charging site electric storage device, wherein the vehicle-mounted charging controller and the charging-site charging controller cooperate to charge the vehicle-mounted electric storage device of the electrically driven vehicle with a necessary amount of energy, such that a shortage of the renewable energy is compensated for by charging with the system energy, and wherein the vehicle-mounted charging controller and the charging-site charging controller memorize an electricity rate of the system energy in respective time zones, and charge the vehicle-mounted electric storage device in a priority order of: i) with the renewable energy in real time ii) with one of the renewable energy stored in the charging site electric storage device and the system energy in real time during a low-rate time zone in which an electricity rate of system energy is lower than a threshold; iii) with the other of the stored renewable energy and the real-time system energy during the low-rate time zone; iv) with the system energy stored in the charging site electric storage device; and v) with the system energy in real time during a high-rate time zone in which an electricity rate of system energy is higher than the threshold. | 19,136 |
9,419,798 | 1. A public encryption method, comprising: at a key generation server, receiving a security constant from outside the key generation server, selecting a first generator and a second generator among generators belonging to an elliptical curve group having the security constant as an input value, and selecting an arbitrary element among elements belonging to the elliptical curve group; at the key generation server, selecting a random number and setting the random number as a master key; at the key generation server, calculating a function value by applying the first generator, the second generator and the master key to a bilinear function; and at the key generation server, setting a public parameter to include at least one of the first generator, the second generator, the arbitrary element and the function value of the bilinear function; receiving, by the key generation server, an inherent ID of a user from a receiving terminal, generating a private key based on the public parameter, the master key and the ID, and transmitting the generated private key to the receiving terminal; receiving, by a transmitting terminal, the public parameter and the ID from the key generation server, encrypting a message to generate a ciphertext, and transmitting the generated ciphertext to the receiving terminal; and receiving, by the receiving terminal, the generated ciphertext and the private key, and decrypting the generated ciphertext based on the received private key to obtain the message. | 18,931 |
8,475,458 | 1. A method of removing tissue from a spinal disc within a body of a patient, comprising: (a) positioning a distal housing of a medical device to a target tissue site, (b) penetrating the annulus of the disc to position a working end the device within the nucleus pulposus of the disc wherein the working end comprises a housing holding a first rotatable member comprising a plurality of separated disc shaped blades and an first axis of rotation and holding a second rotatable member comprising a plurality of disc shaped rotatable blades having a second axis of rotation, wherein the first and second axes of rotations are not collinear; (c) rotating the first and second rotatable members in opposite directions while pressing against a portion of the nucleus pulposus to be removed; and (d) drawing extract nucleus material into the housing between the oppositely rotating first and second rotatable members; and (e) thereafter removing the working end from the annulus. | 24,264 |
8,704,496 | 1. A charge control system, comprising: an electric power storage device configured to be charged by using alternating current electric power supplied from an external commercial power source; a voltage detection section configured to detect a voltage V across the electric power storage device; a charged state estimation value setting section configured to set a charged state estimation value Vf based on the voltage V across the electric power storage device; and a charged state estimation section configured to estimate a charged state of the electric power storage device based on the charged state estimation value Vf, wherein the charged state estimation value setting section includes: an initial state setting section which divides a charging period of the electric power storage device into a first half charging period, which is set as a predetermined period from beginning of charging, and a second half charging period subsequent to the first half charging period, and sets a charged state estimation value Vf for the first half charging period as a value VfL of an initial state; a variation suppression coefficient setting section which sets a variation suppression coefficient t to be a smaller value in response to: (1) an amount of a voltage drop, which temporarily occurs in response to a variation in power supplied from the external commercial power source, or (2) a number of voltage drops, based on rising characteristics of the voltage V across the electric power storage device that rises with charging when there is no variation in power supplied from the external commercial power source in the first half charging period, the variation suppression coefficient having a value that is not equal to zero or one; and a variation suppression section which sets a charged state estimation value Vf for the second half charging period using Vf=(1−t)*VfL+t*V, using the variation suppression coefficient t which is set by the variation suppression coefficient setting section. | 15,895 |
8,629,790 | 1. A letter input structure for an input means comprising: a letter input structure including a two-click keyboard adapting a Morse code characterized in that a dot (•) group consisting of a dot (•) keypad, a dot dot (• •) keypad and a dot dot dot (• • •) keypad of a Morse code and a dash(-) group consisting of a dash (-) keypad, a dash dash (- -) keypad and a dash dash dash (- - -) keypad are separated and arranged on left and right sides of the input means respectively, a group of non-Morse code keypads separating the dot group and the dash group and the dot (•) group, the dash (-) group and the group of non-Morse code keypads are disposed as respective keypad columns on the input means, and wherein respective dot (•) and dash (-) group keypads are each assigned one basic letter and three expansion letters, and the three expansion letters are positioned in a column on the side of the keypad closest to the opposite Morse group keypads, wherein a keypad of the dash (-) group is inputted after a keypad of the dot (•) group is inputted or a space keypad is input after one of a keypad of the dot (•) group or a key pad of the dash (-) group, and an input of a basic letter is accomplished by the space keypad being inputted after one of a keypad of the dot (•) group or a keypad of the dash (-) group and the input of an expansion letter is accomplished by the opposite Morse code group keypad that corresponds to the column position of the expansion letter is inputted after the dot (•) group or the dash (-) group keypad of the expansion letter. | 42,113 |
8,517,454 | 1. A vehicle front energy absorber comprising: a back wall section having front and rear lengthwise surfaces facing in opposite directions, the rear lengthwise surface of the back wall section having an upper lengthwise edge and a lower lengthwise edge; an upper absorption section having a first upper surface, a second upper surface and an upper distal end surface, the first upper surface extending frontward from the upper lengthwise edge with a first upper obtuse angle being defined between the rear lengthwise surface and the first upper surface, the second upper surface extending frontward from the first upper surface with a second upper obtuse angle being defined between the first upper surface and the second upper surface, the upper distal end surface extending downward away from the second upper surface; and a lower absorption section having a first lower surface, a second lower surface and a lower distal end surface, the first lower surface extending frontward from the lower lengthwise edge with a first lower obtuse angle being defined between the rear lengthwise surface and the first lower surface, the second lower surface extending frontward from the first lower surface with a second lower obtuse angle being defined between the first lower surface and the second lower surface, the lower distal end surface extending upward away from the second lower surface, the upper absorption section, the back wall section and the lower absorption section having a transverse U-shape in cross-section that defines a lengthwise concave channel having a longitudinal opening, the first upper surface and the first lower surface diverging away from one another in frontward directions from the back wall section, the second upper surface of the upper absorption section and the second lower surface of the lower absorption section extend perpendicularly to the rear lengthwise surface of the back wall section. | 4,303 |
9,357,487 | 1. A method of operating carriers at a user equipment in wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, through a primary carrier configured for the user equipment, a message for activating at least one secondary carrier configured for the user equipment, the message including: after receiving the message, after receiving the scheduling information, receiving data through the secondary carrier based on the scheduling information. | 10,118 |
9,234,669 | 1. An occupancy-sensing thermostat comprising: a thermostat body; an electronic display that is viewable by a user in front of the thermostat; a passive infrared sensor for measuring infrared energy; an infrared energy directing element shaped conformally with a front surface of the thermostat body such that a visually pleasing appearance of the thermostat body is maintained, said passive infrared sensor being positioned behind said infrared energy directing element such that infrared energy is directed thereonto by said infrared energy directing element; a first temperature sensor in thermal communication with the front surface of the thermostat body for making temperature measurements used for a calculating an ambient temperature; and a second temperature sensor positioned within the thermostat body in a location closer than the first temperature sensor to one or more heat generating components within the thermostat body, wherein the calculation of ambient temperature is based at least in part on a comparison between measurements from the first and second temperature sensors; wherein occupancy is detected based at least in part on measurements made by the passive infrared sensor. | 43,565 |
8,442,005 | 1. A method for using a handoff controller for handing off a communication session of a first communication device from a first network to a second network, wherein the first network is one of an Internet Protocol (IP) network and a cellular network and the second network is a different one of the IP network and the cellular network as compared to the first network, and wherein the first communication device is in communication with a second communication device, the method comprising: sending a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message from the handoff controller to the first communication device instructing the first communication device to monitor at least one predetermined characteristic of an interface between the first communication device and the first network; receiving at the handoff controller an SIP message from the first communication device when a value associated with the at least one predetermined characteristic has been met to provide a received SIP message; receiving at the handoff controller network information regarding available connection points in the second network; determining in the handoff controller, based on the received SIP message and the network information, one of the available connection points in the second network to which the first communication device shall be connected; sending a further SIP message from the handoff controller to the first communication device identifying the one of the available connection points in the second network; and effecting, by the handoff controller, a seamless handoff of the first communication device from the first network to the second network via the identified one of the available connection points so as to allow continued communication between the first communication device and the second communication device; wherein the SIP messages contain non-SIP service primitives pertaining to handover capabilities, with the handoff controller performing the steps as a function, at least in part, of the service primitives. | 41,425 |
8,896,282 | 1. A controller of a soft switching converter which controls an output voltage of a fuel cell and which includes a main voltage raising circuit and an auxiliary circuit, the auxiliary circuit including: an auxiliary switch, and a first series connecting member in which a clamp diode and a snubber capacitor are connected in series, the clamp diode and the snubber capacitor being connected in parallel with a main switch constituting the main voltage raising circuit and connected to a high potential side terminal and a low potential side terminal of the fuel cell; the converter controller comprising: a detecting device that detects a voltage between both the ends of the snubber capacitor clamped by the clamp diode in a case where the main switch is turned off, and a judging device that compares the voltage between both the ends of the snubber capacitor with a set normal voltage threshold value to judge that an abnormality occurs in the auxiliary circuit in a case where the voltage between both ends exceeds the normal voltage threshold value, wherein, when the judging device judges that an abnormality has occurred in the auxiliary circuit, the judging device switches from a first phase of the converter, in which the auxiliary circuit has the abnormality, to a second phase of the converter. | 34,911 |
9,444,735 | 1. A method comprising: at a first network element configured to perform routing or switching operations in a network, obtaining Type field and Subgroup field information for each of a plurality of network-connected devices to which the first network element is connected, the Type field being a bit map representation of capabilities of the network-connected device and the Subgroup field being a binary expression of a number representing a subgroup to which the network-connected device is a member, wherein the bit map representation is dependent on the binary expression such that the Type field may connote different capabilities for different numbers represented in the Subgroup field; appending to each of a plurality of routing entries maintained by the first network element a tag comprising the Type field and the Subgroup field for each network-connected device so that each routing entry comprises an identifier for the network-connected device, together with the Type field and Subgroup field for the network-connected device; generating summarized information of a plurality of routing entries maintained by the first network element, the summarized information consolidating the Type field and Subgroup field information for the plurality of routing entries; and advertising capabilities of the network-connected devices connected to the first network element by sending to one or more other network elements a message comprising summarized routing entries and associated summarized Type field and summarized Subgroup field information. | 428 |
8,691,989 | 1. A method for preparing a diastereomerically enriched morphinan comprising: (a) providing morphine or an analog thereof; (b) converting one or more hydroxyl groups on the morphine to one or more ester groups, in an esterification reaction, to prepare an esterified product; (c) converting the N-methyl group on the esterified product to an N—H group, in a demethylation reaction, to prepare a demethylated product, using a demethylation reagent comprising a mild oxidizing agent; (d) converting the N—H group on the demethylated product to an N-alkyl group, in an alkylation reaction, to prepare an alkylated product; and (e) purifying the alkylated product in a purification step, wherein the morphinan has the structure of formula (Ia) wherein, in formula (Ia): R R R | 14,519 |
8,753,990 | 1. A method for micro texturing a surface of a material, comprising: providing a gaseous or vacuum environment in an area around the surface of the material; irradiating a portion of the surface with short laser pulses; moving at least one of the surface or a laser beam relative to each other to allow the short laser pulses to irradiate the surface; wherein the method produces a periodic array of micro pillars, semi-periodic array of micro pillars, or a non-periodic array of micro pillars on the surface, resulting in changes in properties of the surface wherein nanospikes are produced atop the micro pillars; wherein said material comprises a semiconductor; wherein the laser pulses have a duration of between about one femtosecond and about 999 picoseconds; and wherein the laser pulses have a wavelength of between about 400 and about 1,600 nm. | 34,027 |
8,584,780 | 1. A device for cooling a battery or batteries of a motor vehicle, or of an electric vehicle, comprising: an air conditioner of which an evaporator is configured to cool a passenger compartment of the vehicle and is contained in an enclosure, the battery or batteries being situated in a casing, wherein the enclosure of the evaporator is connected to a duct including an outlet that is directed toward a heat-exchange zone provided on at least one outer face of the casing containing the battery or batteries, and wherein the heat-exchange zone comprises a radiator comprising a metal base including on an external face a first series of fins extending outside of the casing and directed toward the outlet of the duct and on an internal face a second series of fins directed toward an inside of the casing. | 20,294 |
9,064,661 | 1. A system comprising: a relay having an actuation coil; a current-sensing device configured to measure a current through the actuation coil, the current-sensing device comprising a current sense resistor in series with the actuation coil and ground; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to perform operations comprising: wherein the current-sensing device further comprises a comparator circuit and a transistor, wherein the transistor is connected in series with the actuation coil and the current sense resistor; wherein the comparator circuit comprises a comparator and the current sense resistor, wherein the current sense resistor is connected by way of a diode to a capacitor and a resistor of the comparator circuit, wherein the capacitor and the resistor are connected in parallel, wherein the diode is included in an electrical path from a point between the transistor and the current sense resistor to an input of the comparator, wherein the input of the comparator is also connected to the capacitor and the resistor, wherein the controller receives the plurality of measurement values from the output of the comparator; wherein the controller is configured to actuate the relay by providing a biasing current to the transistor that is sufficient to allow current to flow from the actuation coil through the transistor and the current sense resistor to the ground. | 21,796 |
9,362,827 | 1. A soft-switching bi-directional power converter having an input side and an output side, the bi-directional power converter comprising: a bi-directional switch module connected to the input side, comprising: a main inductor connected to the bi-directional switch module in parallel; a first switch module connected to the bi-directional switch module and the main inductor, having a first switch and a first resonance capacitor; a second switch module connected to the bi-directional switch module and the main inductor, having a second switch and a second resonance capacitor; and a control unit; wherein when a resonance occurs between the resonance inductor, the first resonance capacitor, and the second resonance capacitor, a voltage of the first resonance capacitor is reduced to zero and the control unit is configured to turn on the first switch and switch the first switch so that power generated from the bi-directional power converter is transmitted from the input side to the output side; when the resonance occurs between the resonance inductor, the first resonance capacitor, and the second resonance capacitor, a voltage of the second resonance capacitor is reduced to zero and the control unit is configured to turn on the second switch and switch the second switch so that power generated from the bi-directional power converter is transmitted from the output side to the input side; wherein the control unit is configured to generate a bi-directional switch control signal, a first switch control signal, and a second switch control signal; the bi-directional switch control signal is used to control the bi-directional switch, the first switch control signal is used to control the first switch, and the second switch control signal is used to control the second switch; and wherein the bi-directional switch control signal turns on the bi-directional switch when the first switch control signal and the second switch control signal are in a dead time between a falling edge of the second switch control signal and a rising edge of the first switch control signal or between a falling edge of the first switch control signal and a rising edge of the second switch control signal. | 48,522 |
9,539,601 | 1. A shield device for protecting selected surface areas from being painted by a paint material, comprising: a sheet member having a distal edge and an attachment edge parallel to each other, the sheet member configured to protect selected surface areas from being painted by paint material; a handle member comprising a handle body, the handle member being pivotable in a plane defined by the sheet member, the handle member further comprising a first clamping member, a second clamping member and a slot defined between the first and second clamping members; an attachment point about which the handle member is pivotable relative to the sheet member; a fastener that attaches the first clamping member of the handle member to the attachment edge of the sheet member at the attachment point; and a reinforcement element attached to the attachment edge of the sheet member, wherein the slot is sized to receive a thickness of the reinforcement element, wherein the handle member is pivotable about the attachment point between a folded configuration and an unfolded configuration, and wherein the second clamping member of the handle member has a maximum width smaller than a width of the first clamping member such that the handle member is positioned generally parallel to and in contact with the reinforcement element, when the handle member is in the folded configuration, without removing the fastener to detach the first clamping member of the handle member from the reinforcement element and the sheet member. | 14,576 |
8,688,377 | 1. A method of generating turn-by-turn directions, the method comprising: receiving, by a server, a request for turn-by-turn directions, the request including a first location and a second location; identifying a route between the first location and the second location; identifying a plurality of placemarks that are located along the route, the plurality of placemarks each including a visible characteristic that is associated with the placemark; accessing an image corresponding to a location along the route; identifying the visible characteristic within the image that corresponds to at least one of the plurality of placemarks, the visible characteristic having an area associated therewith; accessing depth information to determine a distance of the visible characteristic from the image's location; multiplying the area of the visible characteristic within the image by a depth factor to determine a physical size of the visible characteristic; determining an identifiability score for the visible characteristic of the placemarks based, at least in part, on the determined physical size of the visible characteristic; selecting at least one of the plurality of placemarks based on the visible characteristic's identifiability score; and generating, by the server, a set of turn-by-turn directions that includes the selected placemark. | 35,620 |
9,699,870 | 1. A wall-mountable remote control device for controlling an electrical load device adapted to receive power from an AC power source, the remote control device comprising: an enclosure configured to be mounted inside of an electrical wallbox; an air-gap switch located in the enclosure and adapted to be electrically coupled in series between the AC power source and the electrical load device; an air-gap switch actuator configured to open and close the air-gap switch; a user interface configured to receive an input; a radio-frequency (RF) communication circuit configured to transmit an RF signal; and a control circuit coupled to the user interface and the RF communication circuit, the control circuit configured to cause the RF communication circuit to transmit the RF signal in response to the input received by the user interface, the RF signal including a command for controlling the electrical load device. | 15,722 |
9,540,093 | 1. A bladed rotor wheel for a turbine engine, the rotor wheel comprising: a disk including, formed in an outer periphery thereof, a slot for assembling a root of a blade; and a spacer mounted between the blade root and a bottom of the slot, the spacer including wherein, in the second zone, the support includes a base and two branches projecting from the base, and the spring is fastened to ends of the branches. | 23,219 |
9,577,838 | 1. A method for transmitting multicast data in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method comprising: transmitting, by an access point (AP) station of the WLAN, a group addressed frame including a multicast address based on a multicast transmission scheme to a plurality of non-AP stations of the WLAN including a first receiving station and a second receiving station; after transmitting the group addressed frame, transmitting, by the AP station of the WLAN, a first block acknowledgement request (BAR) frame based on a unicast transmission scheme to the first receiving station, wherein the first BAR frame is used to request an acknowledgement of the group addressed frame from the first receiving station; receiving, by the AP station of the WLAN, a first block acknowledgement (BA) frame indicating an acknowledgement for the group addressed frame from the first receiving station; after receiving the first BA frame, transmitting, by the AP station of the WLAN, a second BAR frame based on the unicast transmission scheme to the second receiving station, wherein the second BAR frame is used to request an acknowledgement of the group addressed frame from the second receiving station; and receiving, by the AP station of the WLAN, a second BA frame indicating an acknowledgement for the group addressed frame from the second receiving station. | 36,061 |
9,257,611 | 1. An optoelectronic semiconductor chip comprising: a multiplicity of active regions arranged at a distance from one another, and a reflective layer arranged at an underside of the multiplicity of active regions, wherein at least one of the active regions has a main extension direction, one of the active regions has a core region formed with a first semiconductor material, the active region has an active layer covering the core region at least in directions transversely with respect to the main extension direction of the active region, the active region has a cover layer formed with a second semiconductor material and covers the active layer at least in directions transversely with respect to the main extension direction of the active region, the reflective layer reflects electromagnetic radiation generated during operation in the active layer, and an insulation material is arranged between the multiplicity of active regions, is transmissive to electromagnetic radiation generated during operation in the active layer, and surrounds the active regions at least in directions transversely with respect to the main extension direction. | 13,461 |
9,459,879 | 1. A wireless communication device for thermal mitigation with multiple processors, comprising: a first communications processor that processes a data call in accordance with a first radio access technology; and a second communications processor coupled to the first communications processor, wherein the first communications processor performs a thermal mitigation operation by sending instructions and session information associated with the data call to the second communications processor when at least one thermal threshold is reached, wherein the second communications processor receives and executes the instructions, wherein the instructions comprise instructions to transfer the data call to the second communications processor and to process the data call in accordance with a second radio access technology, and wherein the session information enables the second communications processor to manage the data call. | 18,640 |
9,393,884 | 1. A rotary joint for a vehicle seat movable between at least two positions, comprising: an outer bearing comprising two separate shell halves that together define a rounded space, wherein, when the two shell halves are forced together by a mechanical fastener, the two shell halves decrease the rounded space between the two shell halves; an inner bearing held between the two shell halves within the rounded space and rotatable relative to the outer bearing via rotation within the shell halves, the inner bearing comprising a sleeve forming an outer surface of the inner bearing and having an elastic property to reduce non-rotational movement between the outer bearing and the inner bearing, wherein each individual one of the two shell halves only partly surrounds a periphery of the inner bearing, wherein the two shell halves together completely surround the periphery of the inner bearing; and an inhibiting part protruding from an inner surface of the outer bearing radially inwardly toward the inner bearing, wherein the inhibiting part selectively provides resistance to the rotation of the inner bearing. | 37,507 |
8,387,367 | 1. A method of reducing coking over a Ag/Al 2 O 3 hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) catalyst in an exhaust stream of a lean burn internal combustion engine, which exhaust stream comprising hydrocarbon and NO x , said method comprising controlling the hydrocarbon to molar NO x ratio (HC:NO x ) of the exhaust stream so as to be less than or equal to 2.0 when the exhaust stream temperature is less than or equal to 300° C., between 2.0 and 4.5 when the exhaust stream temperature is from 300° C. to 425° C., and 4.5 or greater when the exhaust stream temperature is greater than or equal to 425° C. | 2,389 |
8,411,140 | 1. A tactile sensor comprising: a photosensing structure; a volume of elastomer capable of transmitting an image; and a reflective skin covering said volume of elastomer, said reflective skin being illuminated through said volume of elastomer by one or more light sources, said reflective skin having particles that non-directionally reflect light incident on the reflective skin from within the volume of elastomer, said reflective skin being geometrically altered in response to pressure applied by an entity touching said reflective skin, said geometrical alteration causing localized changes in the surface normal of said skin and associated localized changes in the amount of light reflected from said reflective skin in the direction of said photosensing structure; wherein said photosensing structure is positioned to receive a portion of said reflected light in the form of an image, said image indicating one or more features of the entity producing said pressure. | 46,394 |
8,953,082 | 1. A method of transferring image data from a camera module including an image sensor to a host device, comprising the steps of: the host device issuing a plurality of ordered transfer requests of image data to the camera module, wherein each transfer request of the plurality of transfer requests is issued at a predetermined transfer period of a plurality of transfer periods corresponding to the plurality of transfer requests, a transfer period comprising an interval of time between a transfer request and a subsequent transfer request; the camera module transitioning from a low-power state to a photographing state in each transfer period; the camera module generating image data based on a predetermined frame rate, the frame rate determining an amount of image data to be generated in each transfer period, wherein the inverse of the frame rate corresponds to the transfer period; the camera module transferring the image data to the host device in each transfer period; and the camera module transitioning to the low-power state in each transfer period in response to the end of the transfer. | 12,260 |
9,130,244 | 1. A nonaqueous electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, which comprises a carboxylate represented by the following general formula (8) in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution: wherein X | 22,662 |
8,526,379 | 1. A method of providing wireless communications in an indoor service area, comprising steps of: operating a pico cell system to provide two-way wireless communication over a wireless link for one or more mobile devices within the indoor service area, in accord with a first public wireless communication protocol; providing two-way coupling of communications over the wireless link for the one or more mobile stations to and from a public communication network; and mitigating interference between the two-way wireless communication in the indoor service area and wireless communication in accord with the first public wireless communication protocol provided by a public mobile communication network operating in a surrounding outdoor region, by: | 1,502 |
9,586,733 | 1. A drinking cap to dispense liquid from and to reseal any of a plurality of bottles having bottle necks of varying sizes, comprising: a sealing portion of the cap adapted for sealing a bottle, the sealing portion having a cone shape with a first diameter on a lower portion and a second diameter on an upper portion that is larger than the first diameter, the sealing portion being adapted for a pressure fitting with the lower portion into a bottle neck of one of the plurality of bottles having bottle necks of varying sizes, wherein the lower portion fits deeper into a bottle neck of a larger diameter than a bottle neck of a smaller diameter for pressure-fitting the bottle necks of the large and small diameters with the same cone-shaped portion of the cap; a sipping portion of the cap adapted for drinking, comprising a first end and a second end, the first end attached to the upper portion of the sealing portion, and the second end having a plurality of holes to restrict the flow of liquid from the bottle having a third diameter that is smaller than the second diameter of the upper portion of the sealing portion; an attached cover of the cap adapted for closing the sipping portion, the attached cover being flexibly connected to the sealing portion with a connector long enough to reach the sipping portion, the attached cover pressure fit over the second end of the sipping portion to prevent liquid from spilling through the plurality of holes; and a water purifier component having a first end that connects to the lower portion of the cone shaped portion allowing purification of liquid immediately before being consumed through the sipping portion. | 1,072 |
9,115,672 | 1. A control apparatus for an internal combustion engine with a turbocharger, comprising: an exhaust bypass passage that is provided in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and that bypasses the turbocharger; a wastegate valve (hereunder, referred to as “WGV”) that is arranged in the exhaust bypass passage and that is capable of arbitrarily opening or closing upon receiving an operation request from the internal combustion engine; an EGR passage that connects an exhaust passage and an intake passage of the internal combustion engine; an EGR valve that is arranged in the EGR passage; intake pipe pressure acquisition means that acquires an intake pipe pressure of the internal combustion engine; and WGV abnormality determination means that determines existence or non-existence of an operational abnormality of the WGV based on a change in the intake pipe pressure; wherein: the WGV abnormality determination means includes: the WGV abnormality determination means determines existence an operational abnormality of the WGV if the difference between the first intake pipe pressure and the second intake pipe pressure is greater than or equal to the predetermined value. | 18,599 |
8,925,312 | 1. A device to transform energy, using the forces produced by movement of a liquid surface or fluid comprising; a metal block with a gear system inside, a flywheel kinetic energy accumulator, an articulated system of levers and a float sensor potential energy, where the metal block has a lower base with an upper surface that has a central support body composed of two metal side walls with supports shafts that support a drive gear, where the body has a top cover, a lower floor; a front wall and a rear wall which are sealed to contain a lubricating oil, where the top cover has a hole with a stopper for filling the lubricating oil, where the lower level has a hole with a stopper for emptying the oil and a posterior wall which has a hole with a viewer controller for oil level; having levers consists of two parallel upper arms, which are fixed by the ends of a propulsion shaft, these upper arms are joined with two lower arms of greater length connected by a ball head and springs as a means for hinging and pivoting said lower arms and upper arms, where the lower arms are connected to a potential energy sensor float by forked clamping bars; where the potential energy float sensor has a cylindrical body longitudinal section that has three chambers, a longitudinal first stagnant camera capable of holding liquids or solids which is located at the bottom of the float, a second longitudinal chamber filled with air stagnant and located in the center of the float and a third one with longitudinal concave configuration and open to capture a volume of water in each wave. | 35,113 |
9,567,133 | 1. A workpiece carrier for transporting or storing components of a drug delivery device, comprising: an array of accommodating recesses extending in a first lateral plane (x, y) and being adapted to receive at least one component of the drug delivery device, at least one stack forming structure formed to mate with a corresponding stack forming structure of another workpiece carrier for mutually aligning workpiece carriers when stacked on one another, wherein the center of the at least one stack forming structure is arranged laterally offset with respect to the center of the array of accommodating recesses in at least one lateral direction (x, y), and wherein the stack forming structure extends in a direction of the surface normal (z) of the plane of the array of accommodating recesses and comprises a surrounding edge forming a lateral border of the workpiece carrier and having a left side wall section and a right side wall section both of corrugated or undulated structure and wherein an inward side wall section of a first workpiece carrier receives an outer side wall section of a corresponding surrounding edge of a second and identical workpiece carrier to be stacked thereon, and wherein the stack forming structure is adapted to enable stacking of a first and second workpiece carriers in at least two different configurations, wherein in a first configuration first and second workpiece carriers are oriented in the same way and wherein in a second configuration the second workpiece carrier is rotated with respect to the first workpiece carrier in the lateral plane (x, y) is rotated by 90° or 180°. | 46,224 |
8,413,982 | 1. A conveyer comprising: a first rotating body that controls a direction in which a recording medium is conveyed; a second rotating body pair that is arranged downstream of the first rotating body in the direction in which the recording medium is conveyed, and conveys the recording medium while controlling the direction in which the recording medium is conveyed; and an intermediate rotating body arranged between the first rotating body and the second rotating body pair, and being in contact with the recording medium on a side opposing to another side with which the first rotating body is in contact, wherein a front edge guiding member that guides a front edge of the recording medium conveyed from the first rotating body to the second rotating body pair by sliding the recording medium, the intermediate rotating body does not contact the front edge guiding member, the recording medium is wound around and bent by the intermediate rotating body at a bent angle formed by a tangent line shared by the intermediate rotating body and the first rotating body, and a secondary line on which such a tangent line of the intermediate rotating body is connected to a nip point of the second rotating body pair, and the intermediate rotating body includes an escape mechanism that is capable of causing the intermediate rotating body to escape in a direction to increase the bent angle depending on rigidity of the recording medium. | 34,154 |
8,733,736 | 1. A fluid delivery apparatus comprising: an inlet channel; an outlet channel; an internal cavity connected between the inlet and outlet channels; a first aspiration cavity connected to the internal cavity; and a valve disposed within the internal cavity and movable between a priming position, a first pumping position, and a second pumping position, the valve configured to fluidly couple the inlet and outlet channels when in the priming position and to fluidly couple the first aspiration cavity with the inlet channel and the outlet channel when in the first and second pumping positions, respectively, the valve comprising: | 35,844 |
8,550,058 | 1. A fuel rail assembly for supplying pressurized fuel to a plurality of cylinders of an engine, comprising: fuel rail housing defining an internal fuel rail volume having at least a first region and a second region; a fuel separation membrane element disposed within the fuel rail housing and segregating the first region from the second region, said membrane element configured to pass a first component of a fuel mixture through the membrane element from the first region to the second region at a higher rate than a second component of the fuel mixture; a fuel inlet disposed on the fuel rail housing, said fuel inlet configured to admit the fuel mixture to the first region; a plurality of fuel outlets disposed on the fuel rail housing, wherein each of said fuel outlets are configured to supply at least a portion of the fuel mixture from the first region to a respective one of said plurality of engine cylinders; and at least one membrane outlet disposed on the fuel rail housing and configured to supply at least a portion of the first component that has passed through the membrane element from the second region to a location external the fuel rail housing. | 42,873 |
8,824,127 | 1. A display device comprising: a display panel; a first housing attached to the display panel, the first housing having an opening to expose a display surface of the display panel; and a second housing attached to the first housing to cover a back surface of the display panel, wherein an end portion of one of the first housing and the second housing includes a folded portion and an end portion of the other of the first housing and the second housing includes an insertion portion to be inserted into the end portion. | 11,465 |
8,802,042 | 1. A process of recovery of base metals from an oxide ore including a first metal selected from the group consisting of iron, magnesium and aluminum, and a second metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and copper, the process comprising: contacting the oxide ore with at least one of ferric or ferrous chloride to form chlorides; heating the mixture of the oxide ore and the at least one of the ferric or ferrous chloride to decompose the chlorides into hydrochloric acid and hematite; contacting the hydrochloric acid with base metal oxides of the second metal included in the oxide ore to form second metal chlorides; and selectively dissolving the second metal chlorides leaving first metal oxides in solid state, wherein the oxide ore is stacked in a heap and leached with sulfuric acid at least one of prior to or during selective dissolution of the second metal chlorides. | 43,998 |
8,859,441 | 1. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising steps of: forming a substrate; and forming a first dielectric layer on the substrate in an atomic layer deposition (ALD) chamber, wherein the formed substrate is kept in vacuum before forming the first dielectric layer. | 2,639 |
9,288,621 | 1. A method, comprising the steps of: determining, by a server, a current locus of a mobile station based on a time, a date and a geographical position of the mobile station; obtaining a first entry from at least one user application on the mobile station, wherein the first entry describes at least one of a task or an event and comprises at least two of a first entry time, a first entry date, and a first entry location; comparing at least one of the current locus or a second locus and at least one of the first entry or a second entry to determine if a contextual reminder should be provided to the mobile station; and providing the contextual reminder from the server to the mobile station based on the comparison step when it is determined that at least two of the time, the date or the geographical position of the mobile station is proximate to at least two of the first entry time, the first entry date, or the first entry location. | 22,732 |
8,876,413 | 1. An optical communications module comprising: an optical communications module housing; and a resistive coating disposed on at least one inner surface of the housing, the resistive coating having a thickness that is equal to or greater than one skin depth, the resistive coating having a resistivity that ranges from about 10 ohm-meter to about 400 ohm-meter, and wherein the resistive coating absorbs at least a portion of electromagnetic interference (EMI) radiation produced by at least one source of EMI disposed on or in the optical communications module. | 12,586 |
8,422,108 | 1. A device, comprising: a light-absorbing material including a semiconducting film; a substrate located above said light-absorbing material; a reflector located below said light-absorbing material; and an optical resonant cavity, a portion of which is located between said light absorbing material and said reflector, wherein the cavity includes a dielectric film, wherein a portion of light incident passing through the substrate is reflected by the reflector towards the light-absorbing material. | 14,965 |
9,528,402 | 1. A system comprising: an exhaust valve controlling flow of gases for a cylinder of an internal combustion engine; and a controller system configured to perform operations of the internal combustion engine, the operations comprising: | 28,357 |
9,561,499 | 1. A process for regenerating an ionic compound selected from the group consisting of ionic compound of Formula A and ionic compound of Formula B from an adduct of ionic compound of Formula A or B, conjunct polymers and at least one metal chloride, wherein R said process comprising the following steps: a) adding ethyl acetate to said adduct to dissolve the conjunct polymers in ethyl acetate and incorporating at least a base to form a solid complex of the ionic compound of Formula A or B, the metal chloride and the base; b) filtering said complex to separate a complex residue and ethyl acetate containing conjunct polymers; and c) washing at least once said complex residue with dichlorormethane to obtain the ionic compound of formula A or B and an adduct of metal chloride and the base. | 532 |
8,748,372 | 1. An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4. | 4,116 |
9,000,446 | 1. A system for processing one or more substrates, the system comprising: an ion source for generating ions of desired species, the ions generated from the ion source being directed toward the one or more substrates along an ion beam path; a substrate support for supporting the one or more substrates; a mask disposed between the ion source and the substrate support, the mask comprising fingers defining one or more apertures through which a portion of the ions traveling along the ion beam path pass and implanted into the one or more substrates; and a first detector for detecting ions, the first detector being fixedly positioned relative to the one or more substrates, wherein the mask and the first detector are positioned relative to one another such that the first detector is directly behind one of the fingers of the mask and removed from a line-of-sight of the ions by the one of the fingers of the mask if the mask and the one or more substrates are aligned, wherein the one of the fingers directly in front of the first detector blocks and prevents the ions from impinging on the first detector if the mask and the one or more substrates are aligned. | 18,438 |
9,600,863 | 1. A method for combining images, the method comprising: capturing a first image including a subject from a first camera; capturing a second image including the subject from a second camera; applying first pre-processing functions on the first image to produce a first processed image, the first pre-processing functions including applying a distortion component of a rotation matrix to the first image, wherein the rotation matrix defines a corrected relationship between the first and the second image; applying second pre-processing functions on the second image to produce a second processed image, the second pre-processing functions including applying the rotation matrix to the second image; and blending, in a processing unit, the first processed image and the second processed image to form a composite image different from the first and second images captured by the first and second cameras; wherein the distortion component and the rotation matrix are pre-determined before capturing the first image and the second image by: wherein the first camera and the second camera have substantially identical image sensors and optics and are positioned at a known rotation angle, wherein the optics of the first camera and the second camera include a wide-angle lens, and wherein the distortion component corrects for the wide-angle lens; and wherein during calibration the rotation component is kept fixed while an optimized distortion component is determined and the optimized distortion component is kept fixed and used to determine an optimized rotation component. | 29,291 |
9,552,809 | 1. In a system including a first document containing at least some information in common with a spoken audio stream, a method comprising steps of: (A) determining that text in the first document represents an instance of a concept, comprising determining that the text has a format associated with the concept; (B) replacing the identified text with a context-free grammar specifying the plurality of spoken forms of the concept to produce a second document; (C) generating a document-specific language model based on the second document, comprising generating at least some of the document-specific language model based on the context-free grammar; (D) using the first language model in a speech recognition process to recognize the spoken audio stream and thereby to produce a third document. | 29,354 |
9,179,347 | 1. A Mobile Station, MS, for a GSM/EDGE network, the MS comprising: a transceiver that handles transmission to and reception from the GSM/EDGE network; and a controller coupled to the transceiver, wherein the controller is, | 46,203 |
8,449,782 | 1. A method of manufacturing a see-through-type thin-film integrated solar cell, the method comprising the steps of: forming on a transparent substrate a plurality of first conductive material strips which are separated from each other; forming, on the transparent substrate on which the plurality of the first conductive material strips have been formed, a plurality of second conductive material strips which are separated from each other, each of which being overlapped with and electrically connected to a portion of the first conductive material strip corresponding to the second conductive material strip among the plurality of the first conductive material strips, and including predetermined light-passing spaces; forming a solar cell layer on the entire surface of the transparent substrate on which the first conductive material strips and the second conductive material strips have been formed; depositing obliquely a third conductive material layer on the solar cell layer such that one or more portions of the solar cell layer remain exposed; etching the exposed portion of the solar cell layer by using the third conductive material layer as a mask such that the surface of a portion of the first conductive material strip is exposed; and forming a fourth conductive material such that the first conductive material strip is electrically connected to the third conductive material layer adjacent to the first conductive material strip. | 27,988 |
9,053,619 | 1. An LED strobe notification device configured to generate an output at two or more candela settings, the two or more candela setting comprising at least a first candela setting and a second candela setting, wherein the first candela setting is different from the second candela setting, the output at the two or more candela settings having a human-perceived pulse duration with a fixed width, the LED strobe notification device comprising: an LED strobe element; and an LED controller in communication with the LED strobe element and configured to: | 13,362 |
8,435,312 | 1. An electrochemical cell comprising: an electrolyte; and an anode comprising calcium hexaboride in a polymer matrix; wherein, the electrochemical cell is an alkaline cell or an air cathode cell. | 36,619 |
9,236,790 | 1. A power distribution device, comprising: a plurality of module devices each serving as a power converter for converting an input power into a desired output power, the module devices being accommodated in a single container, each of the module devices having one of an external dimension having a preset unit size and an external dimension corresponding to a dimension in which two or more module devices each having the preset unit size are arranged side by side; and a main path electrically connected to the plurality of module devices, the main path including a power line and a communications line, wherein a power is configured to be supplied from the plurality of module devices to a load via the main path, wherein each of the plurality of module devices includes a body provided with a connection part and detachably attached to the main path via the connection part, and an internal circuit accommodated in the body and connected to the main path, wherein the internal circuit has a function of autonomously controlling an output power so that a power needed for the load is supplied to the load and a function of operating in accordance with an external instruction transmitted via the communications line, wherein at least two module devices of the plurality of module devices constitute a converter group, and a sum of output currents outputted from the at least two module devices of the converter group is supplied to the load as a total output current, wherein each of the plurality of module devices has an individual power conversion efficiency which varies depending on an amount of a module output current of each of the plurality of module devices, and wherein the power distribution device further comprises: an efficiency storage unit which stores a relationship between the module output current and the individual power conversion efficiency; a pattern storage unit which stores allocation patterns each indicating a rule for allocating the total output current to the at least two module devices of the converter group; a total output instruction unit for instructing the total output current to be outputted from the converter group; an allotment determination unit for selecting one of the allocation patterns stored in the pattern storage unit as an application pattern by using the total output current instructed by the total output instruction unit and individual power conversion efficiencies of the at least two module devices of the converter group; and an allocation control unit for controlling module output currents of the at least two module devices of the converter group so that the total output current is allocated to the at least two module devices of the converter group based on the selected application pattern, wherein the allotment determination unit calculates a sum of input powers of the at least two module devices of the converter group when the total output current is allocated to the at least two module devices of the converter group, the sum of the input powers being calculated by using the individual power conversion efficiencies of the at least two module devices of the converter group with respect to each of the allocation patterns, and wherein the allotment determination unit selects an allocation pattern having a minimum sum of the input powers as the application pattern. | 20,860 |
8,492,447 | 1. A composition for making a closed cell polyolefin foam, wherein said foam has a closed cell diameter of from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, the composition comprising: a propylene based polymer comprising from about 5% to about 32% by weight ethylene units, the polymer having a heat of fusion, as determined by DSC, of less than 80 J/g, and a melt temperature, as determined by DSC, of less than 110° C., and a crystallinity of less than 40%; 0.5 to 5 phr peroxide; 1.0 to 5.0 phr blowing agent; and not more than 10 phr co-agent. | 5,979 |
9,791,963 | 1. A method for operating an electronic device, the method comprising: displaying a screen on which at least one application is executed; determining, based on information regarding the at least one application, a state of the displayed screen; determining, among reference states stored in the electronic device, a reference state corresponding to the determined state of the displayed screen, the reference state including information regarding an area capable of receiving a hovering input; determining the area capable of receiving the hovering input in an entire area of the displayed screen as a first area; determining an area other than the first area in the entire area of the displayed screen as a second area; and adjusting a detection sensitivity of the determined first area to be greater than a detection sensitivity of the determined second area. | 35,622 |
9,757,894 | 1. A method for chamfering an end of a pipe made from thermoplastic material, comprising: localised and circumferentially heating of a localised axial end portion of the pipe, which comprises emitting electromagnetic waves through an opening of a tubular screen towards the axial end portion of the pipe; plastic deformation, using a tool, of the heated axial end portion of the pipe for forming a chamfer on the heated axial end portion of the pipe. | 1,362 |
9,578,337 | 1. An image quality evaluating method for executing an error concealment process that decodes compressed image data and recovers an error in image data, said method comprising the steps of: determining a presence or an absence of a change in scene contained in a video by examining information regarding a magnitude of a difference between average pixel values of successive frames of the video, wherein a single average pixel value is obtained for each successive frame, and the single average pixel value for the successive frames is compared to determine the difference; judging an effectiveness of an error concealment process executed in said decoding process, which decodes compressed image data based on the determination of whether a change in scene occurred; and specifying a level of image quality degradation, based on a magnitude of a sum of a number of pixels or number of blocks judged that there is no effectiveness of an error concealment process. | 17,170 |
8,783,988 | 1. An assembly, comprising: a system for the packaging and application of a product; a return means capable of applying an axial force to the packaging and application system; and a device for protecting said system; wherein the system comprises: a receptacle for storing the product; a product applicator capable of being inserted into the receptacle in order to be loaded with the product to be applied; and a member for closing the receptacle bearing the applicator; and the protective device comprises: a cap mounted on the packaging and application system so as to at least partly cover it; and at least one means for releasing said system, the releasing means comprising: a means for holding the system relative to the device; and a means for actuating the holding means in order to render the holding means inactive and at least partly separate the system and the protective device, wherein the holding means is provided on an inner face of the releasing means and the actuation means is provided on an outer face of the releasing means opposite to the inner face, and wherein the return means capable of applying an axial force to the packaging and application system maintains a sealed contact between the closing member and the storage receptacle in an active position of the holding means. | 779 |
9,499,832 | 1. A seed of a wheat plant, wherein the wheat plant has increased resistance to an imidazolinone herbicide as compared to a wild-type variety of the plant; wherein said wheat plant is a hybrid of a first wheat plant and a second wheat plant, wherein the first wheat plant is a plant of line TealIMI 11A, a representative sample of seed of the line having been deposited with ATCC under Patent Deposit Designation Number PTA-3953. | 47,352 |
8,411,998 | 1. An image processor that creates an output image from an input image, the image processor comprising: a storage circuit that stores a plurality of lines of pixel values from the input image, each pixel value having an associated input pixel address, and outputs pixel values as an output image; an output address generator that specifies an output address for a pixel value in the output image; and an address mapping unit that receives the output address and determines at least one input pixel value from the input image stored in the storage circuit which the storage circuit should associate with the output address, wherein the address mapping unit provides dewarping of the input image by applying vertical scaling to a vertical output index of the output address and horizontal scaling to a horizontal output index of the output address to determine dewarped horizontal and vertical indexes corresponding to an input pixel address, wherein the address mapping unit further comprises: a first polynomial function generator that determines a radial gain for the horizontal and vertical scaling of dewarping by using a squared horizontal offset value and a squared vertical offset value. | 33,595 |
9,413,537 | 1. An information update system comprising a vehicle on which a battery is mounted, a charger which can charge the battery and which can communicate with the vehicle, and a server apparatus configured to store therein position information associated with the charger, wherein the vehicle comprising: a position information obtaining device configured to obtain position information associated with the vehicle when the battery is charged by the charger; and a vehicle-signature applying device configured to apply signature of the vehicle to the obtained position information associated with the vehicle and charger information which contains identification information associated with the charger and which received from the charger through communication, the charger comprising: a charger-signature applying device configured to apply signature of the charger to vehicle information which contains the position information associated with the vehicle and which received from the vehicle through communication, the vehicle or the charger further comprising: a transmitting device configured to transmit, to the server apparatus, the charger information with the signature of the vehicle applied thereto and the vehicle information with the signature of the charger applied thereto, and the server apparatus updates the stored position information on the basis of the charger information with the signature of the vehicle applied thereto and the vehicle information with the signature of the charger applied thereto transmitted by the transmitting device. | 25,984 |
9,028,590 | 1. A process for removing carbonyl sulfide from a carbonyl sulfide containing fluid stream, the process comprising: contacting the carbonyl sulfide containing fluid stream and a benzyl amine-co-polystrene based ion exchange resin, sorbing at least a portion of the carbonyl sulfide from the carbonyl sulfide containing stream by the on exchange resin, thereby forming a carbonyl-sulfide-form ion exchange resin, and desorbing the attached carbonyl sulfide from the carbonyl-sulfide-form ion exchange resin by one of: heat, or heat and vacuum, thereby increasing the capacity of the resin to re-adsorb carbonyl sulfide. | 42,922 |
9,176,945 | 1. A computer-implemented method for extracting data, the method comprising: receiving, by a processor, a message associated with at least one of a plurality of user accounts; processing, by the processor, the message to detect one or more key words; determining a template related to the one or more key words, wherein the template associates one or more portions of the message with one or more tags; based on the determining, extracting the data from the message using the template; determining a domain associated with the message, wherein the domain is determined using a plurality of domain learning models, the plurality of domain learning models residing on a shared pool of remote servers accessible by a user and other users; and based on the determining, categorizing the message. | 28,782 |
8,480,768 | 1. A system for producing a gas product from a carbonaceous fuel in a gasifier, the system comprising: an oxidizer reactor that oxidizes CaS in air therein to form hot CaSO a reducer reactor that receives the hot CaSO an inlet to supply oxygen to the reducer reactor in a sufficient amount for substantially complete combustion of the carbonaceous fuel such that the gas product is substantially all CO a first separator that receives a gas flow from the reducer reactor, wherein the gas flow includes the gas product and entrained CaS, and separates the gas product and entrained CaS of the gas flow, wherein the separated CaS is provided to the oxidizer reactor for use in the oxidizing. | 29,991 |
9,404,463 | 1. A method of operating an engine in a vehicle equipped with an evaporative emissions system, wherein the engine is configured to perform automatically an engine stop and an engine restart when the vehicle stops moving to increase fuel economy of the vehicle, said method comprising: determining if an engine stop is allowed while a diagnostic test of the of the evaporative emissions system is being performed if an engine stop is requested; and preventing the engine stop if the engine stop is not allowed; wherein a diagnostic abort counter is incremented each time the diagnostic test is aborted during a drive cycle; and wherein the engine stop is not allowed if the diagnostic abort counter is greater than a threshold. | 30,022 |
9,186,619 | 1. A CO 2 recovery unit including a CO 2 absorber that brings flue gas containing CO 2 into contact with a CO 2 absorbent and removes CO 2 in the flue gas, and a regenerator that diffuses CO 2 in a rich solution having absorbed CO 2 in the CO 2 absorber, to reuse in the CO 2 absorber a lean solution which is obtained by removing CO 2 from the rich solution in the regenerator, comprising: at least two compressors that compress CO a dehydrating column that is provided between any two of the compressors and reduces moisture in the CO a combustion removal unit that removes the dehydrating agent mixed in with CO a heat exchanger that is provided between the dehydrating column and the combustion removal unit and performs heat exchange between CO | 44,382 |
9,604,644 | 1. A running control system for a vehicle having an engagement element that is disposed between a prime mover and drive wheels to allow and interrupt power transmission therebetween, and a braking device that generates a braking force according to an operation of a driver irrespective of an engagement state of the engagement element, comprising: a controller that controls a running condition of the vehicle; wherein the controller is configured to: | 35,494 |
9,724,634 | 1. A honeycomb filter comprising: a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either a fluid inlet side or a fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on a surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed by a sealing material, wherein a thin layer region in which a thickness of the filter layer is thinnest exists between the fluid inlet side and the fluid outlet side, and a thickness of the filter layer decreases gradually from the fluid inlet side toward the thin layer region, and increases gradually from the thin layer region toward the fluid outlet side. | 30,111 |
8,713,664 | 1. A method for determining a type of a Network Address Translation (NAT) firewall at a system outside the NAT firewall comprising: receiving at the system outside the NAT firewall a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) message from a device inside the NAT firewall, the SIP message addressed to a first IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall; transmitting a plurality of SIP messages to the device inside the NAT firewall, at least one of the plurality of SIP messages addressed from the first IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall and at least one of the SIP messages addressed from a second IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall, wherein each SIP message is formed so that when the device inside the NAT firewall responds to the SIP message, the response is sent to a different IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall than the first IP address and port; receiving responses at the system outside the NAT firewall to at least some of the plurality of SIP messages transmitted to the device inside the NAT firewall; and determining at the system outside the NAT firewall the type of the NAT firewall based on the received responses, which responses are received to SIP messages addressed from the second IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall, and which responses are received addressed to the IP address and port of the system outside the NAT firewall that is different than the first IP address and port. | 48,344 |
8,592,034 | 1. A debondable adhesive article comprising: a) a shape memory polymer backing having a first surface and a second surface and having a temporary, deformed shape and pattern of latent projections on the first surface thereof; and b) an amorphous pressure sensitive adhesive layer coated on patterned surface of the shape memory polymer backing wherein the amorphous adhesive layer has no crystallinity; wherein on exposure to heat the backing layer recovers to a permanent shape having a pattern of patent surface projections. | 22,092 |
8,955,779 | 1. An apparatus for a polymer material grinding and reclaiming, the apparatus comprising a stator and a rotor in near face-to-face relationship with each other forming an operating zone for rubber grinding and reclaiming therebetween, said stator having a substantially flat smooth face surface and said rotor having a concave face surface with a depth gradually decreased from a center to a periphery thereof and further comprising at least one curved protrusion with a radius of curvature gradually increased from the center to the periphery of the rotor and having a height gradually decreased from the center to the periphery of the rotor. | 30,749 |
8,904,778 | 1. A wave energy converter (WEC) comprising: an asymmetrically shaped float having a length (L) and a width (W), wherein the length, L, is greater than the width, W, and a spar, the spar and float moving relative to each other as a function of the waves; a power take off device (PTO) coupled between the asymmetric float and the spar for converting their relative motion into useful power; and apparatus coupled to the float for controlling and changing the orientation of the float as a function of at least one of the direction and amplitude of the waves. | 1,276 |
9,573,235 | 1. A transfer unit of a test handler, the transfer unit comprising: a base frame including a first inserted portion, the first inserted portion including a penetration hole; a floating assembly inserted in the penetration hole of the base frame, the floating assembly including a floating part, an elastic element disposed on the floating part, and a coupling element coupling at a lower portion of the floating part; and an arm part coupled to the coupling element of the floating assembly, wherein the first inserted portion includes an upper inserted portion disposed near an upper surface of the first inserted portion, a lower inserted portion disposed near a lower portion of the first inserted portion, and a middle inserted portion disposed between the upper inserted portion and the lower inserted portion, an inner diameter of the upper inserted portion being larger than an inner diameter of the lower inserted portion, and the middle inserted portion having a tapered surface such that an inner diameter of the middle inserted portion gradually decreases towards the lower inserted portion, wherein the floating assembly is configured to move back and forth, left and right, and up and down, or configured to float within a predetermined angle range in the penetration hole, and wherein the base frame comprises an upper cap to cover upper portions of the penetration hole and the floating part, the elastic element is inserted into an inside of a recess region of the upper cap, and a diameter of the upper portion of the penetration hole is larger than a diameter of the inside of the recess region of the upper cap. | 21,011 |
8,460,422 | 1. A diesel engine service package for servicing an exhaust aftertreatment system having a particulate trap, comprising: a fuel filtering mechanism including a body component having an outer body surface, and an inner body surface defining a fuel passage having a longitudinal axis and extending between first and second body ends, the fuel filtering mechanism further including a filtering component, and an annular support element; the first body end including a housing connector having a first external thread, and the second body end including a conduit connector having a second external thread, and the outer body surface including a polygonal surface segment which is circumferential of the longitudinal axis and located axially between the first and second body ends, for engaging with an installation tool; the filtering component having a filter material configured to filter a fuel passed through the fuel passage between a housing and a fuel supply conduit respectively connected with the first and second body ends, the filtering component including an elongate cup shape and having a three-dimensional wetted filter surface, and a mounting surface adjoining the wetted filter surface; the annular support element extending radially between the body component and the filtering component and being bonded with each of the inner body surface and the mounting surface; and wherein the body component is formed from a first metallic material, the filter material includes a second metallic material, and the annular support element is formed from a third material, and further including an O-ring formed from a fourth material and positioned on the body component at a location axially between the polygonal surface segment and the second body end. | 47,917 |
8,627,632 | 1. A node for a solar frame comprising: an elongate portion having ends and having a fastener hole at each end and to which structural elements are attached with fasteners to the elongate portion at either end and which extend from either end in alignment with the elongate portion's central axis; and a plurality of fins, each fin to which a strut end piece of a strut is attached having a rectangular shape with a variable thickness extending radially outward from the elongate portion, the fin supporting at least 200 lbs. of load, the elongate portion and the fins having a circle diameter of less than 12 inches and having an extrusion weight of less than 12 lbs./ft., each fin having a maximum deflection of less than 0.100″ and maximum equivalent stress of less than 21 ksi for loads of 750 lbs. normal to the fin and 1300 lbs. along the fin's axis, all force vectors through the fins from the strut end pieces attached to the fins converge at a common point within the elongate portion, the ends of the elongate portion extending beyond the fin's ends. | 49,356 |
8,912,347 | 1. A method of synthesizing a compound represented by Formula I, comprising: reacting a compound represented by Formula II with a compound represented by Formula III, wherein: Y is —O(hydrocarbyl); M is SnR W is —O; W Z is O; R R R R R under conditions sufficient to cause bond formation between a compound of Formula (II) and a compound of Formula (III) to create a coupling adduct; and contacting the coupling adduct with a proton source to form a compound of Formula (I). | 47,328 |
8,801,573 | 1. A power transmitting apparatus, comprising: a torque converter having a torque amplifying function; a clutch mechanism configured to be positioned in a first power transmitting condition in which driving power of an engine is transmitted to driving wheels of a vehicle via a power transmitting system of the torque converter and a second power transmitting condition in which the driving power of the engine is transmitted to the wheels without the power transmitting system of the torque converter; an oil pump driven by the driving power of the engine to supply oil to the clutch mechanism and the torque converter to operate them; a continuously variable transmission supplied with oil by the oil pump to actuate pulleys by hydraulic pressure of the oil to continuously vary a transmission ratio of the continuously variable transmission; a clutch control device configured to selectively operate the clutch mechanism in accordance with a vehicle condition to position the clutch mechanism in either the first power transmitting condition or the second power transmitting condition; and an engine control device configured to idle-stop the engine by automatically stopping the engine when vehicle speed is above zero and below a predetermined value and to restart the engine when an accelerator pedal is depressed or brakes are released during an idle-stop condition of the engine. | 4,425 |
8,729,818 | 1. A driving circuit structure for driving at least two parallel light-emitting loads, the driving circuit structure comprising: a power supply device for supplying an alternating current power supply, the power supply device comprising: a signal processing device for transforming the alternating current power supply into direct current power supplies for driving the at least two parallel light-emitting loads; and an impedance balancing device comprising a plurality of balancing units, wherein the balancing units are for balancing an alternating current magnitude of the alternating current supply, so as to stabilize direct current magnitudes of the direct current power supplies used for driving the light-emitting loads, wherein each of the balancing units is coupled between the secondary side of the transformer and the signal processing device. | 12,826 |
9,747,138 | 1. An information processing device comprising: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to execute a process including: | 38,529 |
8,730,485 | 1. A position measurement system to measure a position of a movable object with respect to another object, the system comprising: two or more one dimensional encoder heads mounted on one of the movable object and the other object and each configured to emit a measurement beam along a measurement direction; a reference target mounted on the other of the movable object and the other object, the reference target comprising a planar surface, arranged at a position along the measurement direction of the measurement beam emitted by each of the two or more one dimensional encoder heads, with a grid or grating to cooperate with the two or more one dimensional encoder heads; and a processor configured to calculate a position of the movable object on the basis of outputs of the two or more one dimensional encoder heads, wherein the measurement direction of each of the two or more one dimensional encoder heads is non-perpendicular to the planar surface of the reference target, and wherein an absolute value of an angle of incidence of a measurement beam of one of the at least two or more one dimensional encoder heads with respect to the planar surface is different from an absolute value of an angle of incidence of a measurement beam of another one of the at least two or more one dimensional encoder heads with respect to the planar surface. | 32,404 |
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