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11.5
module alu ( out, a, b, cin ); output [7:0] out; input [7:0] a; input [7:0] b; input cin; assign out = a + b + cin; endmodule
7.812586
module BoothMultipilcation ( clk, X, Y, Z ); input clk; input signed [31:0] X, Y; output signed [63:0] Z; reg signed [63:0] Z; reg [1:0] temp; // for 01 or 10 integer i; reg E1; reg [31:0] Y1; always @(X, Y) begin Z = 64'd0; E1 = 1'd0; for (i = 0; i < 32; i = i + 1) begin temp = {X[i], E1}; Y1 = -Y; case (temp) 2'd2: Z[63 : 32] = Z[63 : 32] + Y1; 2'd1: Z[63 : 32] = Z[63 : 32] + Y; default: begin end endcase Z = Z >>> 1; //arithmatic shift E1 = X[i]; end if (Y == 32'h8000_0000) begin Z = -Z; end end endmodule
6.92481
module BoothMultiplication_tb; // Inputs reg clk; reg [31:0] Multiplicand; reg [31:0] Multiplier; reg run; // Outputs wire isValid; wire [63:0] result; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) BoothMultipilcation uut ( .clk(clk), .Multiplicand(Multiplicand), .Multiplier(Multiplier), .run(run), .isValid(isValid), .result(result) ); always #10 clk = ~clk; initial begin // Initialize Inputs clk = 0; Multiplicand = 4; Multiplier = -7; run = 0; // Wait 100 ns for global reset to finish #170; run = 1; #400; run = 0; #40; run = 1; end endmodule
7.014879
module BoothMultiplier ( input clk, rst, input [4:0] cand, ier, output [10:0] R, output valid ); reg [4:0] AC = 0, QR = 0; reg [2:0] counter = 6; reg Qn = 0, sh_en = 0, op_en = 0; wire [ 1:0] op; reg [ 1:0] opr; wire [10:0] all; ControlUnit( QR[0], Qn, op_en, op ); Shifter( {AC, QR, Qn}, all, sh_en ); always @(posedge clk or posedge rst) begin if (rst) begin AC = 0; QR = ier; Qn = 0; counter = 6; sh_en = 0; op_en = 0; end else if (counter != 0) begin if (counter != 6) begin sh_en = 1; sh_en = 0; {AC, QR, Qn} = all; end op_en = 1; op_en = 0; opr = op; if (opr == 2'b01) begin AC = AC + cand; end if (opr == 2'b10) begin AC = AC - cand; end counter = counter - 1; end end assign R = all; assign valid = (counter == 0); endmodule
7.014879
module boothPP #( parameter WIDTH = 14 ) ( input [WIDTH-1:0] in, output [ WIDTH:0] out_in, output [ WIDTH:0] out_in_n, output [ WIDTH:0] out_in_2, output [ WIDTH:0] out_in_2n, output [ WIDTH:0] out_zero ); wire [WIDTH:0] onesComp; // One's Comp // +1 needs to be compensated in PP reductions assign onesComp = ~{1'b0, in}; assign out_in = {1'b0, in}; assign out_in_n = onesComp; assign out_in_2 = {in, 1'b0}; assign out_in_2n = {onesComp[WIDTH-1:0], 1'b1}; assign out_zero = 0; endmodule
7.890708
module boothPPCal #( parameter WIDTH = 14 ) ( input [WIDTH:0] pp, input [WIDTH:0] pp_n, input [WIDTH:0] pp_2, input [WIDTH:0] pp_2n, input [WIDTH:0] pp_zero, input [ 2:0] booth, output comp, output [WIDTH:0] out ); wire single_pp, double_pp, neg_pp; boothEnc bEnc ( .in(booth), .single(single_pp), .double(double_pp), .neg(neg_pp) ); boothSel #( .WIDTH(WIDTH) ) bSel ( .single(single_pp), .double(double_pp), .neg(neg_pp), .in(pp), .in_n(pp_n), .in_2(pp_2), .in_2n(pp_2n), .zero(pp_zero), .out(out) ); assign comp = neg_pp & (single_pp | double_pp); endmodule
7.433765
module boothPPCal_tb; parameter WIDTH = 14; // For 16 bit WIDTH = 16 // Inputs reg [WIDTH-1:0] multiplier; reg [WIDTH-1:0] multiplicand; reg [2:0] booth; reg [WIDTH+2:0] temp_multiplier; // Outputs wire [WIDTH:0] product; // Partial product wire comp; wire [WIDTH:0] pp_in, pp_n, pp_2, pp_2n, pp_zero; integer i, j; boothPP #( .WIDTH(WIDTH) ) bPP ( .in(multiplicand), .out_in(pp_in), .out_in_n(pp_n), .out_in_2(pp_2), .out_in_2n(pp_2n), .out_zero(pp_zero) ); // Get partial produts for each row boothPPCal #( .WIDTH(WIDTH) ) pp ( .pp(pp_in), .pp_n(pp_n), .pp_2(pp_2), .pp_2n(pp_2n), .pp_zero(pp_zero), .booth(booth), .comp(comp), .out(product) ); initial begin multiplier = 0; multiplicand = 0; temp_multiplier = 0; booth = 3'b0; #5; // Get basic partial products for (j = 1; j <= 10; j = j + 1) begin multiplicand = $random; multiplier = $random; temp_multiplier = {1'b0, 1'b0, multiplier, 1'b0}; for (i = 1; i <= (WIDTH + 1) / 2; i = i + 1) begin booth = {temp_multiplier[2*i], temp_multiplier[2*i-1], temp_multiplier[2*i-2]}; #10; end end $finish(); end endmodule
6.816759
module BoothPPG_32R4 ( a, b, sign, i, pp0, pp1, pp2, pp3, pp4, pp5, pp6, pp7, pp8, pp9, pp10, pp11, pp12, pp13, pp14, pp15, pp16 ); input wire [31:0] a; input wire [31:0] b; input wire sign; output wire [15:0] i; output wire [33:0] pp0; output wire [33:0] pp1; output wire [33:0] pp2; output wire [33:0] pp3; output wire [33:0] pp4; output wire [33:0] pp5; output wire [33:0] pp6; output wire [33:0] pp7; output wire [33:0] pp8; output wire [33:0] pp9; output wire [33:0] pp10; output wire [33:0] pp11; output wire [33:0] pp12; output wire [33:0] pp13; output wire [33:0] pp14; output wire [33:0] pp15; output wire [31:0] pp16; assign i[15:0] = { b[31], b[29], b[27], b[25], b[23], b[21], b[19], b[17], b[15], b[13], b[11], b[9], b[7], b[5], b[3], b[1] }; BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg0 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input({b[1:0], 1'b0}), .sign(sign), .pp(pp0) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg1 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[3:1]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp1) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg2 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[5:3]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp2) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg3 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[7:5]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp3) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg4 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[9:7]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp4) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg5 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[11:9]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp5) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg6 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[13:11]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp6) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg7 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[15:13]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp7) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg8 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[17:15]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp8) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg9 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[19:17]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp9) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg10 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[21:19]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp10) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg11 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[23:21]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp11) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg12 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[25:23]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp12) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg13 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[27:25]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp13) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg14 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[29:27]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp14) ); BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ppg15 ( .mulcand(a), .r4input(b[31:29]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp15) ); BoothPPG_32R4_MSB ppg16 ( .mulcand(a), .msb(b[31]), .sign(sign), .pp(pp16) ); endmodule
7.209531
module BoothPPG_32R4_MSB ( mulcand, msb, sign, pp ); input wire [31:0] mulcand; input wire msb; input wire sign; output wire [31:0] pp; assign pp = ((sign == 0) && (msb == 1)) ? mulcand : 32'b0; endmodule
7.209531
module BoothPPG_32R4_NORM ( mulcand, r4input, sign, pp ); input wire [31:0] mulcand; input wire [2:0] r4input; input wire sign; output wire [33:0] pp; wire [32:0] raw; assign raw[32:0] = (r4input[1]^r4input[0] === 0)? ((r4input[2]^r4input[0] === 0)?0:{mulcand[31:0], 1'b0}): ((sign === 0)?{1'b0, mulcand[31:0]}:{mulcand[31], mulcand[31:0]}); genvar i; generate for (i = 0; i <= 32; i = i + 1) begin assign pp[i] = raw[i] ^ r4input[2]; end endgenerate assign pp[33] = (sign === 0) ? r4input[2] : pp[32]; endmodule
7.209531
module boothSel #( parameter WIDTH = 14 ) ( input single, // The single input to the Selector input double, // The double input to the Selector input neg, // The neg input to the Selector input [WIDTH:0] in, // The input to the Selector input [WIDTH:0] in_n, // The input to the Selector input [WIDTH:0] in_2, // The input to the Selector input [WIDTH:0] in_2n, // The input to the Selector input [WIDTH:0] zero, // The input to the Selector output reg [WIDTH:0] out // The output to the Selector ); always @(*) begin // This genrates the outputs to the Selector case ({ single, double, neg }) 3'b000: out = zero; 3'b100: out = in; 3'b010: out = in_2; 3'b011: out = in_2n; 3'b101: out = in_n; 3'b001: out = zero; default: out = zero; endcase end endmodule
7.630619
module Adder ( a, b, sum ); input [7:0] a, b; output [7:0] sum; wire cout; wire [7:0] q; fa fa1 ( a[0], b[0], 1'b0, sum[0], q[0] ); fa fa2 ( a[1], b[1], q[0], sum[1], q[1] ); fa fa3 ( a[2], b[2], q[1], sum[2], q[2] ); fa fa4 ( a[3], b[3], q[2], sum[3], q[3] ); fa fa5 ( a[4], b[4], q[3], sum[4], q[4] ); fa fa6 ( a[5], b[5], q[4], sum[5], q[5] ); fa fa7 ( a[6], b[6], q[5], sum[6], q[6] ); fa fa8 ( a[7], b[7], q[6], sum[7], cout ); endmodule
6.808429
module booth_substep ( input wire signed [7:0] a, Q, input wire signed q0, input wire signed [7:0] m, output reg signed [7:0] f8, output reg signed [7:0] l8, output reg cq0 ); wire [7:0] addam, subam; Adder myadd ( a, m, addam ); subtractor mysub ( a, m, subam ); always @(*) begin if (Q[0] == q0) begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = a[0]; f8 = a >> 1; if (a[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end else if (Q[0] == 1 && q0 == 0) begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = subam[0]; f8 = subam >> 1; if (subam[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end else begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = addam[0]; f8 = addam >> 1; if (addam[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end end endmodule
6.761271
modules instantiated within the controller and datapath units, // and the top module that instantiates the controller and datapath and wires together the necessary // ports together. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Accumulator register for the datapath circuit // this is a 32-bit register that shift arithmetically to the right. // The register has a single input that is 32-bits and is the output // of a 2's complement adder/subtractor. // There are two outputs, one sends the least significant bit '[0]' of the register // to the B register everytime the Shift signal is high. // The other output is the 32-bit value of the register itself which serves as the // input to the 2's complement adder/subtractor. module Acc_Reg#( parameter W = 32 ) ( in, clk, reset, load, shift, Acc_out_B, Acc_out_AS ); input [W-1:0] in; input clk; input reset; input load; input shift; output Acc_out_B; output [W-1:0] Acc_out_AS; reg [W-1:0] Acc_Reg; initial begin Acc_Reg = 32'b0; end always @( posedge clk or posedge reset ) begin if ( reset ) Acc_Reg <= 32'b0; else begin case ({ shift, load }) 2'b00: Acc_Reg <= Acc_Reg; 2'b01: Acc_Reg <= in; // concatenates the MSB of the reg and the removes the LSB. 2'b10: Acc_Reg <= { Acc_Reg[W-1], Acc_Reg[W-1:1] }; default: Acc_Reg <= Acc_Reg; endcase end end // LSB of the register is sent as the input of the B register. assign Acc_out_B = Acc_Reg[0]; assign Acc_out_AS = Acc_Reg; endmodule
8.393884
modules, // the LSB of the B register is sent into the bi Register, this serves // as the previous bit of the B register, while at the same time // the LSB is also sent into the input of an XOR gate and the cin of // 2's complement adder/subtractor. // The LSB serves three functions. The previous bit of the B reg (bi-1), // the current bit of the B reg (bi, gets sent to XOR gate), and the // input that controls the adder/subtractor. // This is ESSENTIAL to create the functionality of BOOTH'S ALGORITHM. module B_Reg#( parameter W = 32 ) ( in, shiftIn, clk, load, shift, B_out_biReg, B_out_XOR, B_Result ); input shiftIn; input [W-1:0] in; input clk; input load; input shift; output B_out_XOR; output B_out_biReg; output [W-1:0] B_Result; reg [W-1:0] B_Reg; initial begin B_Reg = 32'b0; end always @( posedge clk ) begin case ({ shift, load }) 2'b00: B_Reg <= B_Reg; 2'b01: B_Reg <= in; //concatenates the single-bit input from the acc Reg //and the upper 31 bits of the B Reg/ 2'b10: B_Reg <= {shiftIn, B_Reg[W-1:1]}; default: B_Reg <= B_Reg; endcase end assign B_out_biReg = B_Reg[0]; assign B_out_XOR = B_Reg[0]; assign B_Result = B_Reg; endmodule
9.092212
module xor_gate ( in0, in1, out ); input in0; input in1; output out; assign out = in1 ^ in0; endmodule
8.121905
module mux_2in #( parameter W = 32 ) ( in0, in1, sel, out ); input [W-1:0] in0; // value is instantiated in datapath unit. input [W-1:0] in1; input sel; output [W-1:0] out; assign out = sel ? in1 : in0; endmodule
8.648457
module A_Reg #( parameter W = 32 ) ( in, clk, load, out ); input [W-1:0] in; input clk; input load; output [W-1:0] out; reg [W-1:0] A_Reg; initial begin A_Reg = 32'b0; end always @(posedge clk) begin if (load) A_Reg <= in; end assign out = A_Reg; endmodule
8.82846
module AS_2comp #( parameter W = 32 ) ( a, b, cin, out ); input [W-1:0] a; input [W-1:0] b; input cin; output [W-1:0] out; assign out = cin ? (b + ~a + cin) : (b + a); endmodule
8.280241
modules are part os the control circuit. // The DFF is used as part of the state, next-state controller logic. // The DFF is a clocked register that can be used to allow for // a single clock cycle to occur before the states are sent to the controller // after the next state inputs are sent into this DFF. module DFF ( d, clk, q ); input d; input clk; output q; reg q; initial begin q = 1'b0; end always @( posedge clk ) begin q <= d; end endmodule
7.368768
module Countdown_Counter ( SubCount, CountRst, clk, Done, CountReg ); input SubCount; input CountRst; input clk; output Done; output [5:0] CountReg; reg [5:0] CountReg; initial begin CountReg = 6'd32; end // only posedge clk in sensitivity list and not // also posedge reset, because if it is included // the combinational logic of the Done flag // never has time to occur ( be set high ) before the register // is reset again to 6'd32 so it never "sees" the zero. always @(posedge clk) begin if (CountRst) CountReg <= 6'd32; else if (SubCount) CountReg <= CountReg - 1; else CountReg <= CountReg; end assign Done = (CountReg == 0); endmodule
7.614592
module Controller_Logic ( Start, Done, state0, state1, nstate0, nstate1, SubCount, CountRst, accRst, accLd, Bld, Ald, biRst, Ready, Shift ); input Start; input Done; input state0; input state1; output nstate0; output nstate1; //reg nstate0; //reg nstate1; output accRst; output accLd; output Bld; output Ald; output biRst; output Ready; output Shift; output CountRst; output SubCount; // calculating the next state /* always @(*) begin nstate1 = 1'b0; nstate0 = 1'b0; case ({ state1, state0 }) 2'b00: begin if ( Start ) begin nstate1 = 1'b0; nstate0 = 1'b1; end end 2'b01: begin if ( !Done ) begin nstate1 = 1'b1; nstate0 = 1'b0; end else begin nstate1 = 1'b0; nstate0 = 1'b0; end end 2'b10: begin if ( !Done ) begin nstate1 = 1'b0; nstate0 = 1'b1; end else begin nstate1 = 1'b0; nstate0 = 1'b0; end end default: begin nstate1 = state1; nstate0 = state0; end endcase end */ assign nstate1 = (state0 & ~Done); assign nstate0 = ((state1 & ~Done) | (~state1 & ~state0 & Start)); // output assign accRst = (~state1 & ~state0 & Start); assign accLd = (state0 & ~Done); assign Bld = (~state1 & ~state0 & Start); assign Ald = (~state1 & ~state0 & Start); assign biRst = (~state1 & ~state0 & Start); assign Ready = ((state1 & Done) | (state0 & Done) | (~state1 & ~state0 & ~Start)); assign Shift = (state1 & ~Done); assign CountRst = (Done); assign SubCount = (state1 & ~Done); endmodule
7.304573
module // for initial debugging and to view the signal occurences of // each operand and other key outputs within the circuit. module Booths_Signed_Mult32#( parameter W = 32 ) ( A, B, Start, clk, Result, accRst, accLd, Bld, Ald, bi_1_Rst, Ready, Shift, CountRst, SubCount, state0, state1, nstate0, nstate1, Done, B_Result, Acc_out_AS_in, CountReg ); input [W-1:0] A; input [W-1:0] B; input Start; input clk; output [63:0] Result; output accRst; output accLd; output Bld; output Ald; output bi_1_Rst; output Ready; output Shift; output CountRst; output SubCount; output state0; output state1; output nstate0; output nstate1; output Done; output [W-1:0] B_Result; output [W-1:0] Acc_out_AS_in; output [5:0] CountReg; wire accRst; wire accLd; wire Bld; wire Ald; wire bi_1_Rst; wire Shift; Datapath_unit#(W) datapath ( .A ( A ), .B ( B ), .clk ( clk ), .Result ( Result ), .accLd ( accLd ), .Bld ( Bld ), .Ald ( Ald ), .accRst ( accRst ), .bi_1_Rst ( bi_1_Rst ), .Shift ( Shift ), .B_Result ( B_Result ), .Acc_out_AS_in ( Acc_out_AS_in ) ); Control_unit controller ( .clk ( clk ), .Start ( Start ), .accRst ( accRst ), .accLd ( accLd ), .Bld ( Bld ), .Ald ( Ald ), .bi_1_Rst ( bi_1_Rst ), .Ready ( Ready ), .Shift ( Shift ), .CountRst ( CountRst ), .SubCount ( SubCount), .state0 ( state0 ), .state1 ( state1 ), .nstate0 ( nstate0 ), .nstate1 ( nstate1 ), .Done ( Done ), .CountReg ( CountReg ) ); endmodule
7.454266
module carry_save_adder #( parameter DATA_WIDTH = 32 ) ( input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] a, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] b, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] c, output [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] sum, output [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] cout ); genvar i; generate for (i = 0; i < DATA_WIDTH; i = i + 1) begin : three assign {cout[i], sum[i]} = a[i] + b[i] + c[i]; end endgenerate endmodule
7.192563
module booth_2bit #( parameter DATA_WIDTH = 34, parameter EXTEND_WIDTH = 33, parameter BIAS = 0 ) ( input [2:0] y, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_double, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_double_minus, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_data_width, input [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_minus, output [EXTEND_WIDTH + DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_booth_extend ); wire y0; wire y1; wire y2; reg [DATA_WIDTH - 1:0] num_booth; assign num_booth_extend = {{EXTEND_WIDTH{num_booth[DATA_WIDTH-1]}}, num_booth} << BIAS; assign {y2, y1, y0} = y; always @(*) begin case ({ y2, y1, y0 }) 3'b000: begin num_booth <= 'd0; end //+1 3'b001: begin num_booth <= num_data_width; end //+1 3'b010: begin num_booth <= num_data_width; end //+2 3'b011: begin num_booth <= num_double; end //-2 3'b100: begin num_booth <= num_double_minus; end //-1 3'b101: begin num_booth <= num_minus; end //-1 3'b110: begin num_booth <= num_minus; end 3'b111: begin num_booth <= 'd0; end default: begin num_booth <= 'd0; end endcase end endmodule
6.656786
module booth_32x32_mult ( product, Q, M ); parameter REG_SIZE = 32; parameter REG_HALF_SIZE = REG_SIZE / 2; input [REG_SIZE-1:0] Q, M; output [REG_SIZE + REG_SIZE - 1:0] product; reg [REG_SIZE + REG_SIZE -1:0] prod; reg [2:0] two_bit_recoding[REG_SIZE-1:0]; reg [REG_SIZE + REG_SIZE-1:0] partial_products[REG_HALF_SIZE-1:0]; wire [REG_SIZE:0] inverted_M; integer i, j; assign inverted_M = {~M[REG_SIZE-1], ~M} + 1; always @(*) begin two_bit_recoding[0] = {Q[1], Q[0], 1'b0}; // set recoding bits for first bit j = 1; for (i = 2; i < REG_SIZE; i = i + 2) begin // set rest of recoding bits two_bit_recoding[j] = {Q[i+1], Q[i], Q[i-1]}; j = j + 1; end for (i = 0; i < REG_HALF_SIZE; i = i + 1) begin case (two_bit_recoding[i]) 3'b001, 3'b010: partial_products[i] = $signed({M[REG_SIZE-1], M}); 3'b011: partial_products[i] = $signed({M, 1'b0}); 3'b100: partial_products[i] = $signed({inverted_M[REG_SIZE-1:0], 1'b0}); 3'b101, 3'b110: partial_products[i] = $signed(inverted_M); default: partial_products[i] = 0; endcase end prod = partial_products[0]; // bit shift all the partial products for (i = 1; i < REG_HALF_SIZE; i = i + 1) partial_products[i] = partial_products[i] << (i + i); // add all partial products for (i = 1; i < REG_HALF_SIZE; i = i + 1) prod = prod + partial_products[i]; end assign product = prod; endmodule
6.621393
module booth_4bit; input [3:0] m; input [4:0] q; output [7:0] z; wire [3:0] a_out1; wire [4:0] q_out1; wire [3:0] a_out2; wire [4:0] q_out2; wire [3:0] a_out3; wire [4:0] q_out3; wire [3:0] a_out4; wire [4:0] q_out4; booth_base booth1 ( .a_in(4'b0000), .m(m), .q_in({q, 1'b0}), .a_out(a_out1), .q_out(q_out1) ); booth_base booth2 ( .a_in(a_out1), .m(m), .q_in(q_out1), .a_out(a_out2), .q_out(q_out2) ); booth_base booth3 ( .a_in(a_out2), .m(m), .q_in(q_out2), .a_out(a_out3), .q_out(q_out3) ); booth_base booth4 ( .a_in(a_out3), .m(m), .q_in(q_out3), .a_out(a_out4), .q_out(q_out4) ); endmodule
7.103872
module alu ( out, a, b, cin ); output [7:0] out; input [7:0] a; input [7:0] b; input cin; assign out = a + b + cin; endmodule
7.812586
module alu ( out, a, b, cin ); output [7:0] out; input [7:0] a; input [7:0] b; input cin; assign out = a + b + cin; endmodule
7.812586
module controls what operation is perforemed based on the booth algorithm. If adding or subtracting or just shifting. //cass modules are full adders for each row of the array multiplier that work based on the control signals generated. //Python script was used to generate the verilog code without errors. //Refer to the refernce book for exact architecture. module tb_booth_array_16bit(); reg signed [15:0] a,b; wire signed [31:0] prod; booth_array_16bit uut(.prod(prod),.a(a),.b(b)); initial begin #20 a = 16'd30; b = 16'd500; #20 a = -16'd333; b = 16'd333; #20 a = -16'd3131; b = -16'd720; #20 a = 16'd623; b = -16'd774; #20 a = 16'd32767; b = -16'd32767; #20 a = 16'd1; b = 16'd32767; #20 $stop; end initial begin $monitor("time=%3d, a=%5d, b=%5d, prod=%10d",$time,a,b,prod); end initial begin $dumpfile("booth_array_16bit.vcd"); $dumpvars; end endmodule
7.033768
module cass ( pout, cout, a, pin, cin ); output pout, cout; input a, pin, cin; assign pout = a ^ pin ^ cin; assign cout = (a & pin) | (a & cin) | (pin & cin); endmodule
7.129421
module cass_16bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [15:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [14:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); endmodule
6.689494
module cass_17bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [16:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [15:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15, c16; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); endmodule
7.022218
module cass_18bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [17:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [16:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); endmodule
6.757213
module cass_19bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [18:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [17:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17, c18; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); endmodule
6.666081
module cass_20bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [19:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [18:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17, c18, c19; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); endmodule
6.560783
module cass_21bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [20:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [19:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12, c13, c14, c15, c16, c17, c18, c19, c20; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); endmodule
6.786658
module cass_22bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [21:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [20:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); endmodule
6.857238
module cass_23bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [22:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [21:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21,c22; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(c22), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); cass ca23 ( .pout(pout[22]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[21]), .cin(c22) ); endmodule
6.786241
module cass_25bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [24:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [23:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21,c22,c23,c24; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(c22), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); cass ca23 ( .pout(pout[22]), .cout(c23), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[21]), .cin(c22) ); cass ca24 ( .pout(pout[23]), .cout(c24), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[22]), .cin(c23) ); cass ca25 ( .pout(pout[24]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[23]), .cin(c24) ); endmodule
6.507961
module cass_27bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [26:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [25:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21,c22,c23,c24,c25,c26; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(c22), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); cass ca23 ( .pout(pout[22]), .cout(c23), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[21]), .cin(c22) ); cass ca24 ( .pout(pout[23]), .cout(c24), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[22]), .cin(c23) ); cass ca25 ( .pout(pout[24]), .cout(c25), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[23]), .cin(c24) ); cass ca26 ( .pout(pout[25]), .cout(c26), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[24]), .cin(c25) ); cass ca27 ( .pout(pout[26]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[25]), .cin(c26) ); endmodule
6.595239
module cass_30bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [29:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [28:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21,c22,c23,c24,c25,c26,c27,c28,c29; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(c22), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); cass ca23 ( .pout(pout[22]), .cout(c23), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[21]), .cin(c22) ); cass ca24 ( .pout(pout[23]), .cout(c24), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[22]), .cin(c23) ); cass ca25 ( .pout(pout[24]), .cout(c25), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[23]), .cin(c24) ); cass ca26 ( .pout(pout[25]), .cout(c26), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[24]), .cin(c25) ); cass ca27 ( .pout(pout[26]), .cout(c27), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[25]), .cin(c26) ); cass ca28 ( .pout(pout[27]), .cout(c28), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[26]), .cin(c27) ); cass ca29 ( .pout(pout[28]), .cout(c29), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[27]), .cin(c28) ); cass ca30 ( .pout(pout[29]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[28]), .cin(c29) ); endmodule
6.567409
module cass_31bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [30:0] pout; input [15:0] a; input [29:0] pin; input cin; wire c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9,c10,c11,c12,c13,c14,c15,c16,c17,c18,c19,c20,c21,c22,c23,c24,c25,c26,c27,c28,c29,c30; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass ca8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass ca9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass ca10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass ca11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass ca12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass ca13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass ca14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass ca15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass ca16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass ca17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); cass ca18 ( .pout(pout[17]), .cout(c18), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[16]), .cin(c17) ); cass ca19 ( .pout(pout[18]), .cout(c19), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[17]), .cin(c18) ); cass ca20 ( .pout(pout[19]), .cout(c20), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[18]), .cin(c19) ); cass ca21 ( .pout(pout[20]), .cout(c21), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[19]), .cin(c20) ); cass ca22 ( .pout(pout[21]), .cout(c22), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[20]), .cin(c21) ); cass ca23 ( .pout(pout[22]), .cout(c23), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[21]), .cin(c22) ); cass ca24 ( .pout(pout[23]), .cout(c24), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[22]), .cin(c23) ); cass ca25 ( .pout(pout[24]), .cout(c25), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[23]), .cin(c24) ); cass ca26 ( .pout(pout[25]), .cout(c26), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[24]), .cin(c25) ); cass ca27 ( .pout(pout[26]), .cout(c27), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[25]), .cin(c26) ); cass ca28 ( .pout(pout[27]), .cout(c28), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[26]), .cin(c27) ); cass ca29 ( .pout(pout[28]), .cout(c29), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[27]), .cin(c28) ); cass ca30 ( .pout(pout[29]), .cout(c30), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[28]), .cin(c29) ); cass ca31 ( .pout(pout[30]), .cout(x), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[29]), .cin(c30) ); endmodule
7.017559
module booth_array_4bit ( prod, a, b ); output [7:0] prod; input [3:0] a, b; wire cr1, cr2, cr3, cr4; wire [3:0] mdr1, mdr2, mdr3, mdr4; wire [3:0] poutr1; wire [4:0] poutr2; wire [5:0] poutr3; wire [6:0] poutr4; ctrl c1 ( .md (mdr1), .cin(cr1), .a (a), .xi ({b[3], b[2]}) ); cass_4bit c4b1 ( .pout(poutr1), .a(mdr1), .pin(3'd0), .cin(cr1) ); ctrl c2 ( .md (mdr2), .cin(cr2), .a (a), .xi ({b[2], b[1]}) ); cass_5bit c5b1 ( .pout(poutr2), .a(mdr2), .pin(poutr1), .cin(cr2) ); ctrl c3 ( .md (mdr3), .cin(cr3), .a (a), .xi ({b[1], b[0]}) ); cass_6bit c6b1 ( .pout(poutr3), .a(mdr3), .pin(poutr2), .cin(cr3) ); ctrl c4 ( .md (mdr4), .cin(cr4), .a (a), .xi ({b[0], 1'b0}) ); cass_7bit c7b1 ( .pout(poutr4), .a(mdr4), .pin(poutr3), .cin(cr4) ); assign prod = {poutr4[6], poutr4}; endmodule
7.16085
module cass ( pout, cout, a, pin, cin ); output pout, cout; input a, pin, cin; assign pout = a ^ pin ^ cin; assign cout = (a & pin) | (a & cin) | (pin & cin); endmodule
7.129421
module cass_4bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [3:0] pout; input [3:0] a; input [2:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(x), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); //cass ca5(.pout(pout[4]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[3]),.cin(c4)); //cass ca6(.pout(pout[5]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[4]),.cin(c5)); //cass ca7(.pout(pout[6]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[5]),.cin(c6)); endmodule
7.509654
module cass_5bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [4:0] pout; input [3:0] a; input [3:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(x), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); //cass ca6(.pout(pout[5]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[4]),.cin(c5)); //cass ca7(.pout(pout[6]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[5]),.cin(c6)); endmodule
7.407323
module cass_6bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [5:0] pout; input [3:0] a; input [4:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(x), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); //cass ca7(.pout(pout[6]),.cout(x),.a(a[3]),.pin(pin[5]),.cin(c6)); endmodule
7.247962
module cass_7bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [6:0] pout; input [3:0] a; input [5:0] pin; input cin; wire c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6; cass ca1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass ca2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass ca3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass ca4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass ca5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass ca6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass ca7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(x), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); endmodule
7.596903
module cass_16bit ( pout, a, pin, cin ); output [15:0] pout; input [15:0] a, pin; input cin; cass c1 ( .pout(pout[0]), .cout(c1), .a(a[0]), .pin(1'b0), .cin(cin) ); cass c2 ( .pout(pout[1]), .cout(c2), .a(a[1]), .pin(pin[0]), .cin(c1) ); cass c3 ( .pout(pout[2]), .cout(c3), .a(a[2]), .pin(pin[1]), .cin(c2) ); cass c4 ( .pout(pout[3]), .cout(c4), .a(a[3]), .pin(pin[2]), .cin(c3) ); cass c5 ( .pout(pout[4]), .cout(c5), .a(a[4]), .pin(pin[3]), .cin(c4) ); cass c6 ( .pout(pout[5]), .cout(c6), .a(a[5]), .pin(pin[4]), .cin(c5) ); cass c7 ( .pout(pout[6]), .cout(c7), .a(a[6]), .pin(pin[5]), .cin(c6) ); cass c8 ( .pout(pout[7]), .cout(c8), .a(a[7]), .pin(pin[6]), .cin(c7) ); cass c9 ( .pout(pout[8]), .cout(c9), .a(a[8]), .pin(pin[7]), .cin(c8) ); cass c10 ( .pout(pout[9]), .cout(c10), .a(a[9]), .pin(pin[8]), .cin(c9) ); cass c11 ( .pout(pout[10]), .cout(c11), .a(a[10]), .pin(pin[9]), .cin(c10) ); cass c12 ( .pout(pout[11]), .cout(c12), .a(a[11]), .pin(pin[10]), .cin(c11) ); cass c13 ( .pout(pout[12]), .cout(c13), .a(a[12]), .pin(pin[11]), .cin(c12) ); cass c14 ( .pout(pout[13]), .cout(c14), .a(a[13]), .pin(pin[12]), .cin(c13) ); cass c15 ( .pout(pout[14]), .cout(c15), .a(a[14]), .pin(pin[13]), .cin(c14) ); cass c16 ( .pout(pout[15]), .cout(c16), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[14]), .cin(c15) ); cass c17 ( .pout(pout[16]), .cout(c17), .a(a[15]), .pin(pin[15]), .cin(c16) ); endmodule
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module booth_code_25_bit ( A, code, h, product, sn ); // &Ports; @22 input [24:0] A; input [2 : 0] code; output [1 : 0] h; output [24:0] product; output sn; // &Regs; @23 reg [1 : 0] h; reg [ 24:0] product; reg sn; // &Wires; @24 wire [ 24:0] A; wire [2 : 0] code; parameter SRC_WIDTH = 25; // &CombBeg; @28 always @(code[2:0] or A[24:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; 3'b001: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b010: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b011: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b100: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b101: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b110: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b111: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; default: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @40 end // &CombBeg; @42 always @(A[24] or code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: sn = 1'b1; 3'b001: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b010: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b011: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b100: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b101: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b110: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b111: sn = 1'b1; default: sn = 1'bx; endcase // &CombEnd; @54 end // &CombBeg; @56 always @(code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b001: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b010: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b011: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b100: h[1:0] = 2'b10; 3'b101: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b110: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b111: h[1:0] = 2'b00; default: h[1:0] = {2{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @68 end // &ModuleEnd; @70 endmodule
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module booth_code_33_bit ( A, code, h, product, sn ); // &Ports; @22 input [32:0] A; input [2 : 0] code; output [1 : 0] h; output [32:0] product; output sn; // &Regs; @23 reg [1 : 0] h; reg [ 32:0] product; reg sn; // &Wires; @24 wire [ 32:0] A; wire [2 : 0] code; parameter SRC_WIDTH = 33; // &CombBeg; @28 always @(A[32:0] or code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; 3'b001: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b010: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b011: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b100: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b101: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b110: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b111: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; default: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @40 end // &CombBeg; @42 always @(A[32] or code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: sn = 1'b1; 3'b001: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b010: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b011: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b100: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b101: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b110: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b111: sn = 1'b1; default: sn = 1'bx; endcase // &CombEnd; @54 end // &CombBeg; @56 always @(code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b001: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b010: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b011: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b100: h[1:0] = 2'b10; 3'b101: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b110: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b111: h[1:0] = 2'b00; default: h[1:0] = {2{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @68 end // &ModuleEnd; @70 endmodule
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module booth_code_54_bit ( A, code, h, product, sn ); // &Ports; @22 input [53:0] A; input [2 : 0] code; output [1 : 0] h; output [53:0] product; output sn; // &Regs; @23 reg [1 : 0] h; reg [ 53:0] product; reg sn; // &Wires; @24 wire [ 53:0] A; wire [2 : 0] code; parameter SRC_WIDTH = 54; // &CombBeg; @28 always @(code[2:0] or A[53:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; 3'b001: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b010: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b011: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b100: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-2:0], 1'b0}; 3'b101: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b110: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {~A[SRC_WIDTH-1:0]}; 3'b111: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'b0}}; default: product[SRC_WIDTH-1:0] = {SRC_WIDTH{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @40 end // &CombBeg; @42 always @(code[2:0] or A[53]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: sn = 1'b1; 3'b001: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b010: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b011: sn = ~A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b100: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b101: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b110: sn = A[SRC_WIDTH-1]; 3'b111: sn = 1'b1; default: sn = 1'bx; endcase // &CombEnd; @54 end // &CombBeg; @56 always @(code[2:0]) begin case (code[2:0]) 3'b000: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b001: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b010: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b011: h[1:0] = 2'b00; 3'b100: h[1:0] = 2'b10; 3'b101: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b110: h[1:0] = 2'b01; 3'b111: h[1:0] = 2'b00; default: h[1:0] = {2{1'bx}}; endcase // &CombEnd; @68 end // &ModuleEnd; @70 endmodule
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module Booth_ControlUnit ( input q0, input q1, output reg [1:0] BoothOp ); always @(*) begin $display("q1 = %b , q0=%b", q1, q0); case ({ q1, q0 }) 2'b01: begin BoothOp = 2'b01; $display("%b", BoothOp); end 2'b10: begin BoothOp = 2'b10; $display("%b", BoothOp); end default: BoothOp = 2'b00; endcase end endmodule
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module Booth_ControlUnit_tb; // Inputs reg q0; reg q1; wire [1:0] q1q0; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) Booth_ControlUnit uut ( .q0 (q0), .q1 (q1), .q1q0(q1q0) ); initial begin // Initialize Inputs q0 = 0; q1 = 0; #100; q0 = 1; q1 = 0; #100; q0 = 0; q1 = 1; #100; q0 = 1; q1 = 1; #100; // Add stimulus here end endmodule
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module: Booth_ControlUnit // // Dependencies: // // Revision: // Revision 0.01 - File Created // Additional Comments: // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// module Booth_ControlUnit_test; // Inputs reg q0; reg q1; // Outputs wire [1:0] q1q0; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) Booth_ControlUnit uut ( .q0(q0), .q1(q1), .BoothOp(q1q0) ); initial begin // Initialize Inputs q0 = 0; q1 = 0; #100; q0 = 1; q1 = 0; #100; q0 = 0; q1 = 1; #100; q0 = 1; q1 = 1; // Add stimulus here end endmodule
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module booth_cu ( input L, input lsb, output reg [1:0] booth_op ); always @(*) begin case ({ lsb, L }) 2'b01: begin booth_op <= 2'b01; end 2'b10: begin booth_op <= 2'b10; end default: booth_op <= 2'b00; endcase end endmodule
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module BOOTH_datapath ( output wire q0, qm1, eqz, output wire [9:0] data_out, input wire [4:0] data_in, input wire LdA, LdQ, LdM, clrA, clrQ, clrff, sftA, sftQ, sftDff, add_sub, EnableALU, clk, LdCount, decr ); wire [4:0] A, M, Q, Z; wire [3:0] LdCountValue; wire [3:0] count; assign eqz = ~|count; assign data_out = {A, Q}; assign q0 = Q[0]; SHIFTREG1 REG_A ( A, Z, A[4], clk, LdA, clrA, sftA ); //A[15] -sign of the register A to be carry forwarded for //the next iterations after the shift right operation is //performed. SHIFTREG2 REG_Q ( Q, LdCountValue, data_in, A[0], clk, LdQ, clrQ, sftQ ); //A[0]- LSB of the register A which is to be shifted to //the next register Q which stores the multiplier. DFF QM1 ( qm1, Q[0], sftDff, clk, clrff ); //the dff input is Q[0] which is the LSB of register Q //the multiplier. PIPO REG_M ( M, data_in, clk, LdM ); ALU AL ( Z, A, M, add_sub, EnableALU ); COUNTER CN ( count, LdCountValue, decr, LdCount, clk ); endmodule
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module booth_encoder ( Booth_b_DI, Sel_1x_SO, Sel_2x_SO, Sel_sign_SO ); input wire [2:0] Booth_b_DI; output wire Sel_1x_SO; output wire Sel_2x_SO; output wire Sel_sign_SO; wire Sel_xnor_S; assign Sel_1x_SO = ^Booth_b_DI[1:0]; assign Sel_xnor_S = ~(^Booth_b_DI[2:1]); assign Sel_2x_SO = ~(Sel_1x_SO | Sel_xnor_S); assign Sel_sign_SO = Booth_b_DI[2]; endmodule
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module booth_encoder ( x, single, double, neg ); input [2:0] x; output single, double, neg; wire notx0, notx1, notx2, w0, w1; not #(387.77, 363.86) not0 (notx0, x[0]); not #(387.77, 363.86) not1 (notx1, x[1]); not #(387.77, 363.86) not2 (notx2, x[2]); xor #(350.51, 306.96) xor0 (single, x[0], x[1]); assign neg = x[2]; assign #(452.43, 400.56) w0 = x[0] & x[1] & notx2; assign #(452.43, 400.56) w1 = notx0 & notx1 & x[2]; or #(458.88, 449.74) or0 (double, w0, w1); endmodule
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module booth_selector ( double, shifted, single, y, neg, p ); input double, shifted, single, y, neg; output p; assign #(1125.88, 1235.74) p = (neg ^ ((y & single) | (shifted & double))); endmodule
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module ripple_carry_adder #( parameter width = 4 ) ( a, b, cin, sum, cout ); input [width - 1:0] a, b; input cin; wire [width -1:0] c; output [width - 1:0] sum; output cout; genvar i; generate for (i = 0; i < width; i = i + 1) begin : for_rca case (i) 1'b0: full_adder fa (.a(a[i]), .b(b[i]), .cin(cin), .sum(sum[i]), .cout(c[i])); default: full_adder fa (.a(a[i]), .b(b[i]), .cin(c[i-1]), .sum(sum[i]), .cout(c[i])); endcase end endgenerate assign cout = c[width-1]; endmodule
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module half_adder ( a, b, sum, cout ); input a, b; output sum, cout; xor #(350.51, 306.96) xor_1 (sum, a, b); and #(452.43, 400.56) and_1 (cout, a, b); endmodule
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module invert ( output ib, input b ); assign ib = ~b; endmodule
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module and2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); assign o = i0 & i1; endmodule
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module or2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); assign o = i0 | i1; endmodule
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module xor2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); assign o = i0 ^ i1; endmodule
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module nand2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); wire t; and2 and2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); invert invert_0 ( t, o ); endmodule
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module nor2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); wire t; or2 or2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); invert invert_0 ( t, o ); endmodule
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module xnor2 ( input wire i0, i1, output wire o ); wire t; xor2 xor2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); invert invert_0 ( t, o ); endmodule
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module and3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; and2 and2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); and2 and2_1 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module or3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; or2 or2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); or2 or2_1 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module nor3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; or2 or2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); nor2 nor2_0 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module nand3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; and2 and2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); nand2 nand2_1 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module xor3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; xor2 xor2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); xor2 xor2_1 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module xnor3 ( input wire i0, i1, i2, output wire o ); wire t; xor2 xor2_0 ( i0, i1, t ); xnor2 xnor2_0 ( i2, t, o ); endmodule
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module fa ( input wire i0, i1, cin, output wire sum, cout ); wire t0, t1, t2; xor3 _i0 ( i0, i1, cin, sum ); and2 _i1 ( i0, i1, t0 ); and2 _i2 ( i1, cin, t1 ); and2 _i3 ( cin, i0, t2 ); or3 _i4 ( t0, t1, t2, cout ); endmodule
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module Adder ( a, b, sum ); input [7:0] a, b; output [7:0] sum; wire cout; wire [7:0] q; fa fa1 ( a[0], b[0], 1'b0, sum[0], q[0] ); fa fa2 ( a[1], b[1], q[0], sum[1], q[1] ); fa fa3 ( a[2], b[2], q[1], sum[2], q[2] ); fa fa4 ( a[3], b[3], q[2], sum[3], q[3] ); fa fa5 ( a[4], b[4], q[3], sum[4], q[4] ); fa fa6 ( a[5], b[5], q[4], sum[5], q[5] ); fa fa7 ( a[6], b[6], q[5], sum[6], q[6] ); fa fa8 ( a[7], b[7], q[6], sum[7], cout ); endmodule
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module booth_substep ( input wire signed [7:0] a, Q, input wire signed q0, input wire signed [7:0] m, output reg signed [7:0] f8, output reg signed [7:0] l8, output reg cq0 ); wire [7:0] addam, subam; Adder myadd ( a, m, addam ); subtractor mysub ( a, m, subam ); always @(*) begin if (Q[0] == q0) begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = a[0]; f8 = a >> 1; if (a[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end else if (Q[0] == 1 && q0 == 0) begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = subam[0]; f8 = subam >> 1; if (subam[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end else begin cq0 = Q[0]; l8 = Q >> 1; l8[7] = addam[0]; f8 = addam >> 1; if (addam[7] == 1) f8[7] = 1; end end endmodule
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module booth_multiplier32 ( input wire clk, input wire sync_rst, input wire valid, input wire [31:0] A, input wire [31:0] B, output wire [63:0] R, output wire ready ); // load and store A reg [31:0] A_reg; always @(posedge clk) if (sync_rst) A_reg <= 32'b0; else if (valid & ready) A_reg <= A; else A_reg <= A_reg; // load and store PART-SUM,B reg [65:0] M; wire [34:0] PARTSUM_load; always @(posedge clk) if (sync_rst) M <= 66'b0; else if (valid & ready) M <= {33'b0, B, 1'b0}; else if ((~valid) & ready) M <= M; else M <= {PARTSUM_load, M[32:2]}; // calculate PART-SUM, analyse M[2:0] wire [34:0] A_ext; assign A_ext = {A_reg[31], A_reg[31], A_reg[31], A_reg}; wire [34:0] M_ext; assign M_ext = {M[65], M[65], M[65:33]}; wire [34:0] A_op; assign A_op={35{(M[2:0]==3'b001)|(M[2:0]==3'b010)}} & A_ext | {35{(M[2:0]==3'b011)}} & {A_ext[33:0],1'b0} | {35{(M[2:0]==3'b100)}} & {~A_ext[33:0]+1'b1,1'b0} | {35{(M[2:0]==3'b101)|(M[2:0]==3'b110)}} & (~A_ext+1'b1) ; assign PARTSUM_load = M_ext + A_op; // get RESULT assign R = M[64:1]; reg start; always @(posedge clk) if (sync_rst) start <= 0; else start <= valid & ready; reg [3:0] count; always @(posedge clk) if (sync_rst) count <= 4'd0; else if (start) count <= 4'd1; else if (count == 5'd15) count <= 4'd0; else if (count == 4'd0) count <= count; else count <= count + 4'd1; assign ready = (~(|count)) & (~start); endmodule
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module booth_multiplier32_tb; // Inputs reg clk; reg sync_rst; reg valid; reg signed [31:0] A; reg signed [31:0] B; reg [30:0] A_data; reg [30:0] B_data; // Outputs wire [63:0] R; wire ready; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) booth_multiplier32 uut ( .clk(clk), .sync_rst(sync_rst), .valid(valid), .A(A), .B(B), .R(R), .ready(ready) ); // Initial signals initial fork clk = 0; sync_rst = 0; valid = 0; A = 0; B = 0; #2 sync_rst = 1; #8 sync_rst = 0; #14 A_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #14 A = {1'b0, A_data}; #14 B_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #14 B = {1'b0, B_data}; #14 valid = 1; #19 valid = 0; #204 A_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #204 A = {1'b0, A_data}; #204 B_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #204 B = {1'b1, B_data}; #204 valid = 1; #209 valid = 0; #404 A_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #404 A = {1'b1, A_data}; #404 B_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #404 B = {1'b0, B_data}; #404 valid = 1; #409 valid = 0; #604 A_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #604 A = {1'b1, A_data}; #604 B_data = {$random} % (2 ** 31); #604 B = {1'b1, B_data}; #604 valid = 1; #609 valid = 0; #810 $stop; join // Clock signal always #5 clk = ~clk; // Auto check wire signed [63:0] Mul; assign Mul = A * B; integer cycle; initial cycle = 1; always #200 cycle <= cycle + 1; reg result; initial begin result = 1; #805; if (result) $display("SIMULATION SUCCEEDED!"); else $display("SIMULATION FAILED!"); end always #200 if (Mul == R) $display("%ds: passed!", 200 * cycle); else fork $display("%ds: Something wrong!", 200 * cycle); result = 0; join endmodule
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module booth_multiplier_8bit ( A, B, P ); input [7:0] A, B; output [8:0] P; full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_0 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_1 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_2 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_3 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_4 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_5 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_6 (); full_adder_booth_encoded_8bit ROW_7 (); endmodule
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module booth_multiplier_module ( input clk, input rst_n, input start_sig, input [7:0] A, input [7:0] B, output done_sig, output [15:0] product, output [ 7:0] SQ_a, output [ 7:0] SQ_s, output [16:0] SQ_p ); /*******************/ reg [3:0]i; reg [7:0]a; //result of A reg [7:0]s; //reverse result of A reg [16:0]p; //operation register P=2*8+1=17 reg [3:0]n; //用来指示n(8)次循环 reg isDone; /*******************/ always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n) begin i <= 4'd0; a <= 8'd0; s <= 8'd0; p <= 17'd0; //p初始化为0 n <= 4'd0; isDone <= 1'b0; end else if (start_sig) case (i) 0: begin a <= A; s <= (~A + 1'b1); p <= {8'd0, B, 1'b0}; //填充P空间 i <= i + 1'b1; end 1: //P空间操作 if (n == 8) begin n <= 4'd0; i <= 4'd3; //8次循环完成 跳到步骤3 end else if (p[1:0] == 2'b01) begin //+A p <= {p[16:9] + a, p[8:0]}; i <= i + 1'b1; end else if (p[1:0] == 2'b10) begin //-A p <= {p[16:9] + s, p[8:0]}; i <= i + 1'b1; end else i <= i + 1'b1; 2: //P空间移位 begin p <= {p[16], p[16:1]}; //右移一位 n <= n + 1'b1; //记录一次操作 i <= 4'd1; //退回步骤1 继续循环 end 3: //求得计算结果 begin isDone <= 1'b1; i <= i + 1'b1; end 4: begin isDone <= 1'b0; i <= 4'd0; end endcase end assign done_sig = isDone; assign product = p[16:1]; assign SQ_a = a; assign SQ_s = s; assign SQ_p = p; endmodule
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module booth_multiplier_module_improve ( input clk, input rst_n, input start_sig, input [7:0] A, input [7:0] B, output done_sig, output [15:0] product, output [ 7:0] SQ_a, output [ 7:0] SQ_s, output [16:0] SQ_p ); /*******************/ reg [3:0]i; reg [7:0]a; //result of A reg [7:0]s; //reverse result of A reg [16:0]p; //operation register P=2*8+1=17 reg [3:0]n; //用来指示n(8)次循环 reg isDone; reg [7:0]diff1; //临时储存P空间的±A操作结果 reg [7:0]diff2; /*******************/ always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n) begin i <= 4'd0; a <= 8'd0; s <= 8'd0; p <= 17'd0; //p初始化为0 n <= 4'd0; isDone <= 1'b0; end else if (start_sig) case (i) 0: begin a <= A; s <= (~A + 1'b1); p <= {8'd0, B, 1'b0}; //填充P空间 i <= i + 1'b1; end 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8: //P空间操作 + P空间移位 begin diff1 = p[16:9] + a; //取得当前的即时计算结果 diff2 = p[16:9] + s; //because综合成"无延时的瞬态"组合逻辑电路 if (p[1:0] == 2'b01) p <= {diff1[7], diff1, p[8:1]}; //+A操作+右移一位 else if (p[1:0] == 2'b10) p <= {diff2[7], diff2, p[8:1]}; //-A操作+右移一位 else p <= {p[16], p[16:1]}; //无操作+右移一位 i <= i + 1'b1; end 9: begin //取得计算结果 -- 相当于在一个时钟(上步骤的每个态)完成了两个计算: 1.瞬态完成p±a 2.时钟沿作用下完成p>>1 isDone <= 1'b1; i <= i + 1'b1; end 10: begin isDone <= 1'b0; i <= 4'd0; end endcase end assign done_sig = isDone; assign product = p[16:1]; assign SQ_a = a; assign SQ_s = s; assign SQ_p = p; endmodule
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module booth_multiplier_module_tb; reg clk; reg rst_n; reg start_sig; reg [7:0] A; reg [7:0] B; wire done_sig; wire [15:0] product; wire [7:0] SQ_a; wire [7:0] SQ_s; wire [16:0] SQ_p; /*******************/ /* booth_multiplier_module u1( .clk(clk), .rst_n(rst_n), .start_sig(start_sig), .A(A), .B(B), .done_sig(done_sig), .product(product), .SQ_a(SQ_a), .SQ_s(SQ_s), .SQ_p(SQ_p) ); */ booth_multiplier_module_improve u2 ( .clk(clk), .rst_n(rst_n), .start_sig(start_sig), .A(A), .B(B), .done_sig(done_sig), .product(product), .SQ_a(SQ_a), .SQ_s(SQ_s), .SQ_p(SQ_p) ); /*******************/ initial begin clk = 0; rst_n = 0; #500; rst_n = 1; forever #25 clk = ~clk; end /*******************/ reg [3:0] i; always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if (!rst_n) begin i <= 4'd0; A <= 8'd0; B <= 8'd0; start_sig <= 1'b0; end else case (i) 0: // 2 * 4 if (done_sig) begin start_sig <= 1'b0; i <= i + 1'b1; end else begin start_sig <= 1'b1; A = 8'd2; B = 8'd4; end 1: // -4 * 5 if (done_sig) begin start_sig <= 1'b0; i <= i + 1'b1; end else begin start_sig <= 1'b1; A = 8'b1111_1100; B = 8'd5; end 2: // 36 * -8 if (done_sig) begin start_sig <= 1'b0; i <= i + 1'b1; end else begin start_sig <= 1'b1; A = 8'd36; B = 8'b1111_1000; end 3: // -127 * -127 if (done_sig) begin start_sig <= 1'b0; i <= i + 1'b1; end else begin start_sig <= 1'b1; A = 8'b1000_0001; B = 8'b1000_0001; end 4: i <= 4'd4; endcase end GSR GSR_INST (.GSR(1'b1)); PUR PUR_INST (.PUR(1'b1)); endmodule
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module Booth_multiplier_pipeline #( parameter DATAWIDTH = 8 ) ( input CLK, input RSTn, input [DATAWIDTH - 1 : 0] A, input [DATAWIDTH - 1 : 0] B, output [DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] RESULT ); wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P = { 8'b0, B, 1'b0 }; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M = { ~A+1'b1, A}; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P1; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M1; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P2; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M2; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P3; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M3; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P4; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M4; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P5; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M5; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P6; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M6; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P7; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M7; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 : 0 ] P8; wire [ DATAWIDTH * 2 - 1 : 0] M8; operate I1 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P), .M(M), .P_out(P1), .M_out(M1) ); operate I2 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P1), .M(M1), .P_out(P2), .M_out(M2) ); operate I3 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P2), .M(M2), .P_out(P3), .M_out(M3) ); operate I4 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P3), .M(M3), .P_out(P4), .M_out(M4) ); operate I5 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P4), .M(M4), .P_out(P5), .M_out(M5) ); operate I6 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P5), .M(M5), .P_out(P6), .M_out(M6) ); operate I7 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P6), .M(M6), .P_out(P7), .M_out(M7) ); operate I8 ( .CLK(CLK), .RSTn(RSTn), .P(P7), .M(M7), .P_out(P8), .M_out(M8) ); assign RESULT = P8[16:1]; endmodule
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module booth_multiplier_tb; // Declare inputs and outputs reg clk, load, reset; reg signed [7:0] a, b; wire signed [15:0] product; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) booth_multiplier multiplier ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .load(load), .Mc(a), .Mp(b), .product(product) ); initial begin // Start the test and reset the multiplier to start condition clk = 0; reset = 1; #10 reset = 0; #10 // Example 1: multiplication of positive with positive number $display( "\nExample 1: Mc = 35 and Mp = 67" ); a = 35; b = 67; load = 1; #20 load = 0; #90 $display("Product = %0d\n", product); // Example 2: multiplication of positive with negative number $display("\nExample 2: Mc = -79 and Mp = 43"); a = -79; b = 43; load = 1; #20 load = 0; #90 $display("Product = %0d\n", product); // Example 3: multiplication of negative with positive number $display("\nExample 3: Mc = 52 and Mp = -121"); a = 52; b = -121; load = 1; #20 load = 0; #90 $display("Product = %0d\n", product); // Example 4: multiplication of negative with negative number $display("\nExample 4: Mc = -19 and Mp = -98"); a = -19; b = -98; load = 1; #20 load = 0; #90 $display("Product = %0d\n", product); $finish; end // Switch clock signal every 5 clock cycles always #5 clk = !clk; endmodule
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module test; // Registers reg clk; reg en; reg [7:0] A, B; wire [15:0] Output; // The read data wire ready; // Initialize varibles initial begin #1 en = 0; clk = 0; A = 8'd129; B = 8'd1; #2 en = 1; #15 en = 0; #12 $finish; end // Monitoring the output always @(clk) begin if ($time % 2 != 0) begin $display("\ntime=%8d\ten=%d\tclk=%d", $time, en, clk); end end // Some module booth_multiplier BOOTH1 ( .en(en), .clk(clk), .A(A), .B(B), .Output(Output), .ready(ready) ); //For the clock always begin #1 clk = !clk; end endmodule
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module //=================================================================== module booth_multi_top ( clk, rstn, multiplier, //16bits multiplicand, //32bits Sum_result, //output [31:0] low [15:0] * [15:0] bits Carry_result //output [31:0] high [15:0] * [31:16] bits ); input clk; input rstn; input [15:0] multiplier; input [31:0] multiplicand; output [31:0] Sum_result, Carry_result; //cnt_booth_multi delay wire [31:0] Sum1,Sum2; reg [31:0] sum1_delay,sum2_delay; reg [15:0] sum2_delay2; //instance booth_32_16_wrapper #(.WIDTH (32) ) u_booth_32_16_wrapper ( .clk (clk ), .rstn (rstn ), .multiplier (multiplier ), //16bits .multiplicand (multiplicand ), //32bits .Sum_1 (Sum1 ), //output [31:0] low 16 * 16 bits .Sum_2 (Sum2 ) //output [31:0] high 16 * 16 bits ); //CSA_result always @(posedge clk or negedge rstn) begin if(!rstn)begin sum1_delay <= 0; sum2_delay <= 0; sum2_delay2 <= 0; end else begin sum1_delay <= Sum1; sum2_delay <= Sum2; sum2_delay2 <= sum2_delay[31:16]; end end //data aligment assign Sum_result = sum1_delay; assign Carry_result = {sum2_delay[15:0],sum2_delay2}; endmodule
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module Booth_Norm ( input [31:0] mulcand, input [2:0] r4input, input sign, output [33:0] pp ); wire [32:0] raw; assign raw[32:0] = (r4input[1]^r4input[0] === 0)? ((r4input[2]^r4input[0] === 0)?0:{mulcand[31:0], 1'b0}): ((sign === 0)?{1'b0, mulcand[31:0]}:{mulcand[31], mulcand[31:0]}); genvar i; generate for (i = 0; i <= 32; i = i + 1) begin assign pp[i] = raw[i] ^ r4input[2]; end endgenerate assign pp[33] = (sign === 0) ? r4input[2] : pp[32]; endmodule
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module booth_recode ( out, mcand, code ); output reg [25:0] out; input [24:0] mcand; input [2:0] code; always @(mcand, code) case (code) 3'b000: out = 26'b0; 3'b001: out = {mcand[24], mcand}; 3'b010: out = {mcand[24], mcand}; 3'b011: out = {mcand, 1'b0}; 3'b100: out = -{mcand, 1'b0}; 3'b101: out = -{mcand[24], mcand}; 3'b110: out = -{mcand[24], mcand}; 3'b111: out = 26'b0; endcase endmodule
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module booth_recoded_multiplier ( clk, reset, multiplicand, multiplier, prod ); //Input input clk; // Clock input reset; // Reset input [11:0] multiplicand, multiplier; //Output output [23:0] prod; //Wire wire [11:0] A, B, A_2comp, B_2comp; wire [17:0] enc_op; wire [ 5:0] cor_bit; wire [84:0] pp; wire [23:0] out_x, out_y, sum, sumBuf; wire cout; //DFF reg_N #(12) reg12_00 ( reset, clk, multiplicand, A ); reg_N #(12) reg12_01 ( reset, clk, multiplier, B ); reg_N #(24) reg24_00 ( reset, clk, {A[11] ^ B[11], sum[22:0]}, prod ); //Binary to 2's complement conversion bin2comp #(12) bin00 ( A, A_2comp ); bin2comp #(12) bin01 ( B, B_2comp ); bin2comp #(24) bin02 ( {A[11] ^ B[11], sumBuf[22:0]}, sum ); //Booth Encoder for Multiplier boothEnNBits #(12) booth_enc00 ( B_2comp, enc_op ); //Partial Product Generator ppGenNBits #(12) pp_gen00 ( enc_op, A_2comp, pp, cor_bit ); //Summation of Partial Product ppCompressor_12 pp_comp ( pp, cor_bit, out_x, out_y ); //Carry Look-ahead Adder cla_24bit cla00 ( out_x, out_y, 1'b0, sumBuf, cout ); endmodule
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module //=================================================================== `timescale 1ns / 1ps `include "booth_recoded_multiplier.v" module booth_recoded_multiplier_tb(); // Inputs reg clk; reg reset; reg [11:0] multiplicand; reg [11:0] multiplier; // Outputs wire [23:0] prod; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) booth_recoded_multiplier uut ( .clk(clk), .reset(reset), .multiplicand(multiplicand), .multiplier(multiplier), .prod(prod) ); initial begin // Initialize Inputs clk = 0; reset = 1; multiplicand = 0; multiplier = 0; #5 reset = 0; end initial begin //Case 1: multiplicand = 25; multiplier = 15; #8 multiplicand = 25; multiplier = 15; //Case 2: multiplicand = -30; multiplier = -40; #8 multiplicand = -30; multiplier = -40; //Case 3: multiplicand = -25; multiplier = 30; #8 multiplicand = -25; multiplier = 30; //Case 4: multiplicand = 30; multiplier = -15; #8 multiplicand = 30; multiplier = -15; //Case 5: multiplicand = 100; multiplier = 3; #8 multiplicand = 100; multiplier = 3; //Case 6: multiplicand = 80; multiplier = -56; #8 multiplicand = 80; multiplier = -56; //finish #8 $finish; end always @(*) begin #4 clk = ~clk; end initial begin $monitor("time %3d: %12b %12b %24b",$time,multiplicand,multiplier,prod); end endmodule
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module booth_selector ( Booth_a_DI, Sel_1x_SI, Sel_2x_SI, Sel_sign_SI, Booth_pp_DO ); input wire [1:0] Booth_a_DI; input wire Sel_1x_SI; input wire Sel_2x_SI; input wire Sel_sign_SI; output wire Booth_pp_DO; assign Booth_pp_DO = ~(~((Sel_1x_SI && Booth_a_DI[1]) | (Sel_2x_SI && Booth_a_DI[0])) ^ Sel_sign_SI); endmodule
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module booth_signed_multiplier_16 ( product, A, B ); input signed [15:0] A, B; output signed [31:0] product; reg [31:0] product; reg [1:0] temp; integer i; reg E1; reg [15:0] B1; always @(*) begin product = 32'd0; E1 = 1'd0; B1 = -B; for (i = 0; i < 16; i = i + 1) begin temp = {A[i], E1}; case (temp) 2'd2: product[31:16] = product[31:16] + B1; 2'd1: product[31:16] = product[31:16] + B; default: begin end endcase product = product >> 1; // Logical Shift Right product[31] = product[30]; // Preserve the sign bit E1 = A[i]; end if (B == 16'd32) begin product = -product; end end endmodule
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module booth_signed_multiplier_4 ( product, A, B ); input signed [3:0] A, B; output signed [7:0] product; reg [7:0] product; reg [1:0] temp; integer i; reg E1; reg [3:0] B1; always @(*) begin product = 8'd0; E1 = 1'd0; B1 = -B; for (i = 0; i < 4; i = i + 1) begin temp = {A[i], E1}; case (temp) 2'd2: product[7:4] = product[7:4] + B1; 2'd1: product[7:4] = product[7:4] + B; default: begin end endcase product = product >> 1; // Logical Shift Right product[7] = product[6]; // Preserve the sign bit E1 = A[i]; end if (B == 4'd8) begin product = -product; end end endmodule
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module booth_signed_multiplier_8 ( product, A, B ); input signed [7:0] A, B; output signed [15:0] product; reg [15:0] product; reg [1:0] temp; integer i; reg E1; reg [7:0] B1; always @(*) begin product = 16'd0; E1 = 1'd0; B1 = -B; for (i = 0; i < 8; i = i + 1) begin temp = {A[i], E1}; case (temp) 2'd2: product[15:8] = product[15:8] + B1; 2'd1: product[15:8] = product[15:8] + B; default: begin end endcase product = product >> 1; // Logical Shift Right product[15] = product[14]; // Preserve the sign bit E1 = A[i]; end if (B == 8'd16) begin product = -product; end end endmodule
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module: booth // // Dependencies: // // Revision: // Revision 0.01 - File Created // Additional Comments: // //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// module booth_tb; // Inputs reg [24:0] x; reg [24:0] y; // Outputs wire [49:0] p; // Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT) booth uut ( .p(p), .x(x), .y(y) ); initial begin // Initialize Inputs x = 0; y = 0; // Wait 100 ns for global reset to finish #100; // Add stimulus here x = 25'd5; y = 25'd6; #20; x = 25'h777777; y = 25'b0101010111101; #20; x = 25'd19; y = 25'hff; #20; x = 25'd49; y = 25'hff00ff; #20; x = 24'b111101100000000000000000; y = 24'b111101100000000000000000; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); #20; x = 24'hffffff; y = 24'hffffff; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); #20; x = 24'd18; y = 24'd982; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); #20; x = 24'd194; y = 24'd0911; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); #20; x = -25'b1; y = -25'b1; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); #20; x = -25'b1; y = 25'b1; #20; $display("%b * %b = %b", x, y, p, $time); end endmodule
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module eight_bit_adder_subractor ( input wire cin, input wire [7:0] i0, i1, output wire [7:0] sum ); wire cout; wire [7:0] temp; wire [7:0] int_ip; //intermediate input - processed from the inputs and fed into fa module //if cin == 1, int_ip = 1's complement //else int_ip = i1 xor2 x0 ( i1[0], cin, int_ip[0] ); xor2 x1 ( i1[1], cin, int_ip[1] ); xor2 x2 ( i1[2], cin, int_ip[2] ); xor2 x3 ( i1[3], cin, int_ip[3] ); xor2 x4 ( i1[4], cin, int_ip[4] ); xor2 x5 ( i1[5], cin, int_ip[5] ); xor2 x6 ( i1[6], cin, int_ip[6] ); xor2 x7 ( i1[7], cin, int_ip[7] ); //if cin == 1, cin added to make two's complement //else addition takes place fa fa1 ( i0[0], int_ip[0], cin, sum[0], temp[0] ); fa fa2 ( i0[1], int_ip[1], temp[0], sum[1], temp[1] ); fa fa3 ( i0[2], int_ip[2], temp[1], sum[2], temp[2] ); fa fa4 ( i0[3], int_ip[3], temp[2], sum[3], temp[3] ); fa fa5 ( i0[4], int_ip[4], temp[3], sum[4], temp[4] ); fa fa6 ( i0[5], int_ip[5], temp[4], sum[5], temp[5] ); fa fa7 ( i0[6], int_ip[6], temp[5], sum[6], temp[6] ); fa fa8 ( i0[7], int_ip[7], temp[6], sum[7], cout ); endmodule
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module booth_substep ( input wire signed [7:0] acc, //Current value of accumulator input wire signed [7:0] Q, //Current value of Q (initially the multiplier) input wire signed q0, //Current value of q-1 th bit input wire signed [7:0] multiplicand, //the multipliand output reg signed [7:0] next_acc, //next accumulator value || value of 8 MSB's of 16 bit output [17:8] output reg signed [7:0] next_Q, //Next value of Q || value of 8 LSB's of 16 bit output [7:0] output reg q0_next ); wire [7:0] addsub_temp; //next value of q_-1 th bit eight_bit_adder_subractor myadd ( Q[0], acc, multiplicand, addsub_temp ); always @(*) begin if (Q[0] == q0) begin q0_next = Q[0]; next_Q = Q >> 1; next_Q[7] = acc[0]; //right shift next_acc = acc >> 1; //with sign extension if (acc[7] == 1) next_acc[7] = 1; end else begin //if Q[0] != q0 (that is, q_-1 bit) q0_next = Q[0]; next_Q = Q >> 1; next_Q[7] = addsub_temp[0]; //right shift next_acc = addsub_temp >> 1; //with sign extension if (addsub_temp[7] == 1) next_acc[7] = 1; end end endmodule
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