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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_900 | According to M. I. Attia, inscriptions on a sandstone stela in Nubia, two miles north of Aswan, indicate that iron ore in that region was already utilized, "worked" by the ancient Egyptians during the Eighteenth Dynasty. . . . Iron does not exist in the natural state: it must be extracted from the ore. What blast furna... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER X",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
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"start_index": 7350
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_901 | In certain regions of Black Africa, the use of iron preceded that of any
other metal. The usual stratification of the age of metals is not applicable here. A native center to diffuse iron ore probably existed; its age remains to be determined. Even those who contend that Egypt did not begin to smelt iron until the si... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER X",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7904
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african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_902 | Thus, the question of the diffusion of iron in Antiquity is far from settled. . . . New, unbiased research, taking into account all the new facts, which are numerous, is the only road to an acceptable conclusion. It will be necessary to date the exploitation of the iron mines in the Chad village of Télé-Nugar. There on... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER X",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 8404
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_903 | 9. In Egyptian, Djahi designated Phoenicia, meaning, of course, the land of navigation par excellence. In Wolof, it means navigation.
10. In Wolof, Khekh means war, to wage war.
11. Histoire générale de la population mondiale. Paris: Ed. Montchrestien, 1961, p. 23. The four authors cited were Hecataeus of Abdera, Diodo... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER X",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9231
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_904 | 12. In Wolof, djit means the guide or leader.
13. This was the Napatan period of the Nubian (Nilotic) Sudan. The Ethiopia of the Ancients was really the Sudanese kingdom with its two successive capitals: Napata and Meroe. Modern Ethiopia is more directly the heir of the civilization of Axum, which corresponds to a late... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER X",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9599
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_905 | 1. Ernst von Aster, Histoire de la philosophie, Paris: Payot, 1952, p. 48.
2. Amélineau, Prolégomènes, Introduction, pp. 8-9.
3. Despite the anatomy of the limbs, the facial rigidity of a Greek statue differs from subsequent Latin realism and is more related to the serenity of Egyptian art.
4. George R. Riffert, Great ... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XI",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_906 | 1. Since those lines were written, this has been done. Raymond Mauny has had the time to examine all these samples in my laboratory. I leave it up to him to reveal his impressions if he deems it necessary.
2. One day soon, there will be second thoughts about the authenticity of the Tastan civilization, because of the r... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XII",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_907 | 4. On the contrary, it is impossible to make Nubian civilization date back only to this event in the seventh century b.c. The documents oppose this with so much evidence that we are astonished to see a historian give the impression of believing it possible.
5. Cf. Gaston Maspero, Histoire ancienne des peuples de l'Orie... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XII",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 796
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_908 | 1. Zinfanthropus and Homo habilis are the latest discoveries. Little is known about the hominians recently discovered in Palestine and about Homo faber allegedly found in South America. These finds have yet to be confirmed.
2. Marcellin Boule \& Henri Vallois, Les Hommes fossiles. Paris: Masson, 1952, 4th ed., pp. 299-... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XII",
"Header 2": "CHAPTER XIII",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_909 | 4. In any case, the hypothetical existence of an archaic Homo sapiens has lost much support since the discovery that Piltdown man, one of the cornerstones of the structure, was a fake.
5. Alfred C. Haddon, The Races of Man and their Distribution. New York: Macmillan, 1925, pp. 24-25.
6. Furon, Manuel de préhistoire gén... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XII",
"Header 2": "CHAPTER XIII",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 724
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_910 | 10. Haddon, ibid., p. 103.
11. Boule \& Vallois, ibid., p. 933.
12. Ibid., p. 303.
13. Furon, ibid., pp. 216, 214.
14. Boule \& Vallois, p. 465.
15. Cornevin, ibid., p. 88.
16. "In short, we can see that, aside from Africanthropus, the human remains found up to now in East Africa do not differ from the present inhabi... | {
"Header 1": "CHAPTER XII",
"Header 2": "CHAPTER XIII",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1335
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_911 | Though many of these terms are explained in the text, we list them here for purposes of ready reference. These brief notations are culled from various sources, especially:
1. Palmer \& Lloyd, Archaeology A to Z (London \& New York: Frederick Warne \& Co., Ltd., 1968)
2. Bray \& Trump, A Dictionary of Archaeology (Lon... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_912 | AMRATIAN: "An early predynastic culture of Egypt characterized by finely worked implements of bone and stone." (Cf. Winick)
ASSELAR MAN: Discovered in the Sahara by Théodore Monod.
AURIGNACIAN: "A highly developed Upper Paleolithic Age culture, named after a cave at Aurignac (France) where artifacts were found. . . . C... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 614
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_913 | COMBE-CAPELLE MAN: Aurignacian skeleton found in Dordogne (France) in 1910; housed in Berlin Museum. (Cf. Day)
CRO-MAGNON MAN: An Upper Paleolithic man living in Europe during the Aurignacian-Magdalenian periods. "Tall and strong, with broad, high forehead and firm chin." Original home probably Asia. Named for rock she... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1252
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_914 | GLACIAL PERIODS: The four Glacial Periods of the Pleistocene Epoch: the Gunz ( 790,000 years ago, lasted 250,000 years); the Mindel ( 480,000 years ago, lasted 50,000 years); the Riss ( 240,000 years ago, lasted to 175,000 ); the Wurm ( 115,000 years ago, lasted 90,000 years). (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
GRIMALDI NEGROIDS:... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2209
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_915 | LASCAUX CAVE: A prehistoric cave in southwestern France, famous for its paintings of the Upper Paleolithic.
MAGDALENIAN: An Upper Paleolithic Age culture, which began in West. ern Europe before 15,000 в.C., so called because remains were first found in the rock shelter of La Madeleine (France). (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
ME... | {
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"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3070
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_916 | OLDUVAI GORGE: Site in Tanzania where Dr. Leakey and co-workers found remains of Zinjanthropus, Homo habilis, etc.
PALEOLITHIC: "In the earlier days of Prehistory, the Stone Age was divided into Paleolithic or Old Stone Age, and Neolithic or New Stone Age.
"After a time, it became clear that the Paleolithic spanned a v... | {
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"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3934
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_917 | PITHECANTHROPUS: An extinct genus of apelike men, especially Pithecanthropus erectus of the Pleistocene epoch of Java.
PLEISTOCENE: Time division. "The start of the Pleistocene was once put at circa 500,000 but is now placed at 3 million." (Leakey \& Goodall)
QUATERNARY: The Period following the Tertiary, which has las... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4875
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_918 | found in England, and are older than Neanderthal man." (Cf. Palmer \& Lloyd)
TASIAN: "A culture named after the site of Deir Tasa in Upper Egypt, a settlement of primitive farmers. It is now regarded as at best a variant of the Badarian culture." (Cf. Bray \& Trump)
ZINJANTHROPUS: Also called "Nutcracker man" because o... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5777
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_919 | [^0]
[^0]: ABSOLUTE DATING: "Only one direct method of absolute dating is in common use. Nitrogen in the upper atmosphere is bombarded by neutrons produced by cosmic radiation; this results in the formation of a known proportion of radioactive carbon which becomes incorporated in carbon dioxide. This is absorbed by ... | {
"Header 1": "Notes on Archeological Terms",
"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 6267
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_920 | "Another radiometric method (the potassium-argon technique) depends on the fact that naturally occurring potassium contains a radioactive isotope; this isotope decays at a constant rate producing argon which is held within the crystals of some potassic minerals. Estimates of the argon content of a sample of these miner... | {
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"Header 2": "Used in the Text",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7023
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_921 | Because many of the authors cited in this volume are unfamiliar to the aver. age reader, we append these brief notes on some of Dr. Diop's sources. This material has been culled from various biographies and reference works. We are especially indebted here to Warren Dawson's Who Was Who in Egyptology (London, 1951), and... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_922 | BACHOFEN, JOHANN JAKOB (1815-1887), Swiss jurist and "philosopher of hisiory."
BATTUTA, IBN (1304-1377), Muslim writer and traveler born in Tangier; visited the old kingdom of Mali in 1352. His "narrative remains one of the best travel books ever made," writes Basil Davidson in The African Past, p. 80.
BAUMANN, HER... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 746
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_923 | BREASTED, JAMES HENRY (1865-1935), American Egyptologist; Professor of Eyyptology at University of Chicago from 1895; Director, Oriental Institue from 1919; prolific author.
BREUIL, ABBE HENRI (1877-1961), French archeologist, authority on the Paleolithic Age. He "studied every important cave of Europe, searched the ... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1434
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_924 | BUDGE, SIR ERNEST ALFRED WALLIS (1857-1934), British scholar, collector of antiquities for British Museum; museum official.
CAILLIAUD, FREDERIC (1787-1869), French mineralogist and traveler; first weat to Egypt in 1815 and was employed to find the emerald mines described by Arab historians; revisited Egypt in 1819; i... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2353
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_925 | CHAMPOLION-FIGEAC, JACQUES-JOSEPH (1778-1867), French philologist, interested in Egyptian archeology; educated his famous younger brother; professor of Greek and librarian at Grenoble; later in charge of manuscripts at Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris.
CHERUBINI, SALVATORE (1797-1869), Italian artist, son of the compo... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3213
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_926 | CORNEVIN, ROBERT (1919- ), French historian and ethnologist; has produced volumes on Dahomey, the Bassari of northern Togo, the history of Africa, etc.
DELAFOSSE, MAURICE (1870-1926), French Africanist, author of The Negroes of Africa and other works primarily on "French" West Africa.
DESPLAGNES, LOUIS (1878?-1914)... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4006
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_927 | GOBINEAU, COUNT JOSEPH-ARTHUR DE (1816-1882), French writer and diplomat, whose racist theories influenced the Nazis.
GRIAULE, MARCEL (1898-1956), French ethnologist, authority on the Dogon ethnic group.
HADDON, ALFRED CORT (1855-1940), British anthropologist; professor of Zoology, Dublin, 1880; 15 years later name... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5000
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_928 | HARTMANN, CHARLES DE (1842-1906), German philosopher, savant.
HERODOTUS (484?-425? в.c.), Greek historian, "Father of History."
HOEFER, FERDINAND (1811-78), French scholar; in addition to Chal. dea, Assyria, Media, Babylonia, Mesopotamia, and Phoenicia, he also wrote on southern Africa, chemistry, botany, and mathemati... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5767
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_929 | KHALDUN, IBN, fourteenth-century Arab historian.
LARREY, BARON DOMINIQUE-JEAN (1766-1842), Surgeon-in-chief, French army; member Napoleon's Commission in Egypt.
LEAKEY, LOUIS SEYMOUR BAZETT (1903-1972), British archeologist born in Kenya, son of English missionaries; Curator, Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi, 1945-6... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 6439
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_930 | LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN (1857-1939), French philosopher who wrote extensively on the primitive mentality and primitive soul.
LINNAEUS, CARL, eighteenth-century Swedish naturalist.
LLOYD, SETON (1902- ), British archeologist; excavated in Egypt 1929-30, in Iraq 1930-37, in Turkey 1930-37; directed British Institute in Anka... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7188
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_931 | MAUNY, RAYMOND, French archeologist; Director of Archeology at IFAN in Dakar; most recent volume: Les Siècles obscurs de l'Afrique Noire (Paris: Fayard, 1971).
MONOD, THEODORE (1902- ), French geologist; for many years was Director of IFAN; one of pioneer explorers of Sahara; one of original sponsors of Présence Afri... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 8125
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_932 | PIRENNE, JACQUES (1891- ), Belgian historian; tutor of ex-King Leopold 1920-24; has taught at University of Brussels, Oriental Institute of Prague, Collège de France, University of Cairo, Grenoble, and Geneva; member, Royal Academy of Belgium, 1945.
QUATREFAGES DE BREAU, ARMAND (1810-92), French naturalist; Professor... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9089
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_933 | SCHURE, EDOUARD (1841-1929), French writer; studied law but left jurisprudence for career as music critic and historian. Les Grands Initiés, from which Dr. Diop quotes, is an essay on occult theories of founders of various religions.
SELIGMAN, CHARLES GABRIEL (1873-1940), British anthropologist; member Haddon's 1898 ... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9957
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_934 | SMITH, SIR GRAFTON ELLIOT (1871-1937), British anatomist; Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Cairo, 1900-09; authority on mummification.
TEMPELS, FATHER PLACIDE (1906- ), Belgian missionary in the Congo; his famous book on Bantu philosophy was first published in Antwerp in 1946.
VALLOIS, HENRI-VICTOR (1889- ... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 10701
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_935 | the revolution of empires (1791), was even more successful. Imprisoned dur. ing the Reign of Terror, he was appointed Professor of History at Paris Ecole Normale the following year. In 1795 went to the United States, was warmly welcomed by George Washington; returned home in 1798 denounced by John Adams as a secret age... | {
"Header 1": "Brief Biographical Notes",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11555
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_936 | Aeschylus. Complete Plays, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray. London: Allen \& Unwin, 1952.
Aitken, Martin J. Physics and Archeology. New York \& London: Interscience Publishers, 1961.
AmÉlineau, Abbé Émile. Prolégomènes à l'étude de la religion égyptienne. Paris: Ed. Leroux, 1916.
—. Nouvelles Fo... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_937 | Balout, Lionel. Préhistoire de l'Afrique du Nord. Paris: Arts et Métiers graphiques, 1955.
Basset, André. La Langue berbère. Paris: E. Leroux, 1929.
Battuta, Ibn. See H. A. R. Gibb, Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa. London: 1929. Also: Les Voyages d'Ibn Battuta, translated into French by C. Défremery \& B. R. Sa... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 784
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_938 | Paris: Masson, 1952. Translated by Michael Bullock as Fossil Men, New York: Dryden Press, 1957.
Breasted, James H. The Conquest of Civilization. New York: Harper \& Brothers, 1926.
Breuil, Abbé Henri. "L'Afrique du Sud," Les Nouvelles littéraires, April 5, 1951.
Brion, Marcel. La Résurrection des villes mortes. Paris: ... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1576
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_939 | Champollion-Figeac, Jacques Joseph. Egypte ancienne. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1839.
Chérubini, Salvatore. La Nubie. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1847.
Childe, V. Gordon. New Light on the Most Ancient East. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner \& Co., Ltd., 1934.
Cohen, Marcel S. Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire e... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2421
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_940 | —. The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. New York: The Universal Library, Grosset \& Dunlap, 1967. Delafosse, Maurice. Haut-Sénégal, Niger. Paris: Larose, 1912.
—_. Les Noirs de l'Afrique. Paris: Payot, 1922. Translated by Frieda Fligeman as The Negroes of Africa. Washington, D. C.: Associated Pu... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3213
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_941 | —. Antériorité des civilisations nègres: mythe ou vérité historique? Paris: Présence Africaine, 1967.
—_. "L'Apparition de l'Homo-sapiens," Bulletin de l'IFAN, vol. XXXII, series B \#3, 1970.
—_. "La Métallurgie du fer sous l'ancien empire égyptien," Bull. B. IFAN, 1973 (on press).
—_. "La Pigmentation des anciens Egyp... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4003
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_942 | Evans, Arthur J. The Palace of Minos. London: Macmillan, 1921 35,4 vols.
Fagg, William B. Nigerian Images, the splendor of African Sculpture. New York: Praeger, 1963.
Faidherbe, Louis. Langues sénégalaises. Paris: Leroux, 1887.
Faulkner, Raymond O. A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian. Oxford, 1964.
Fontanes, Mari... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4831
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_943 | Gardiner, Alan H. Egyptian Grammar. London: Clarendon Press, 1927.
GhykA, Matila C. Esthétique des proportions dans la nature et dans les arts. Paris: Gallimard, 1927.
Gobineau, Count Joseph Arthur de. Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines. Paris, 1853. Translated by Adrian Collins as The Inequality of Human Races... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5525
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_944 | Hardy, Georges. Vue générale de l'histoire d'Afrique. Paris, 1930. Herodotus. History, Book II. Translated by George Rawlinson. New York: Tudor, 1928.
Hoefer, Ferdinand. Chaldée, Assyrie, Médie, Babylonie, Mésopotamie, Phénicie. Paris: Ed. Didot frères, 1852.
Homburger, Lilias. "Le Wolof et les parlers bantous," Mémoir... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 6310
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_945 | Kati, Mahmoud. Tarikh el-Fettach, translated into French by O. Houdas \& M. Delafosse. Paris: Leroux, 1913.
Leakey, Louis S. B. The Stone Age Races of Kenya. Oxford: University Press, 1935.
—. The Progress and Evolution of Man in Africa. Oxford: University Press, 1961.
. Report to the VIIth Pan African Congress on Preh... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7050
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_946 | Lenormant, François. Histoire ancienne des Phéniciens. Paris: Lévy, 1890.
Lhote, Henri. A la découverte des fresques du Tassili. Grenoble:
Arthaud, 1958. Translated by Alan Brodrick as The Search for the Tassili Frescoes. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1959.
Livy. The History of Rome, Book 34.
Maes, Joseph. "Pierres levée... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7902
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_947 | Massoulard, Émile. Préhistoire et protohistoire d'Egypte. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, 1949.
Mauny, Raymond. "Campagne de fouilles de 1950 à Koumby Saleh." Bull. IFAN, vol. XVIII, series B \#1 \& 2, 1956.
—_. "Tableau géographique de l'Ouest africain au Moyen Age." Memoir IFAN, \#61, 1961.
—_. "Essai sur l'histoire ... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 8712
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_948 | Moret, Alexandre. Le Nil et la civilisation égyptienne. Paris, 1926.
—_ \& Georges Davy. Des clans aux empires. Paris: Ed. La Renaissance du Livre, 1923. Translated by V. Gordon Childe as From
Tribe to Empire. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1970.
naville, Henri Edouard. "L'Origine africaine de la civilisat... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9508
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_949 | Pittard, Eugène. Les Races et l'histoire. Paris: Renaissance du Livre, 1924. Translated as Race and History. New York: Knopf, 1926.
Plutarch's Lives (especially "Isis and Osiris").
Rienzi, Domeny de. Océanie. Paris: Collection l'Univers, 1836.
Riffert, George R. Great Pyramid, Proof of God. Haverhill, Mass.: Destiny ... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 10369
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_950 | Summers, Roger. Zimbabwe, a Rhodesian Mystery. South Africa: Nelson, 1963.
Suret-Canale, J. Afrique Noire. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1958.
. "Les Sociétés traditionnelles en Afrique tropicale et le concept de mode de production asiatique." La Pensée, \#117, Oct. 1964.
Tacitus. Germany, translated by Thomas Gordon. Ha... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11157
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_951 | Volney, Count Constantin de. Voyages en Syrie et en Egypte. Paris, 1787.
Wartburg, Walter von. Problèmes et méthodes de la linguistique, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1946.
Wauthier, Claude. L'Afrique des Africains. Paris: Ed. du Scuil, 1964.
Zervos, Christian. L'Art en Mésopotamie. Paris: Ed. Cahiers ... | {
"Header 1": "Selected Bibliography",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11932
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_952 | Abshal, 169
Absolute dating, 299
Abu Simbel, 58-59, 60, 62
Abyssinians, 49, 54, 239, 241, 258, 264
African Independence Party, see P.A.I.
Afrique dans l'Antiquité, L' (Obenga), 276
Afrique Noire précoloniale, L' (Diop), xvi, 253
Agandjou, 148
Aani, 49, 105, 199
Aido-Khouedo, 148
Akhnaton, see Amenophis IV
Amasis, 222
A... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_953 | Anau, 264
Androgyny, 112, 137
Ani, 76, 105, 114, 185, 199; Ani papyrus, 200 (see Book of the Dead)
Ano, 72-73, 76-77, 78, 83, 89, 91, 105, 109, 199
Apophis, 209
Apries, 222
Arabia, 26, 72, 105, 109, 123-125, 127, 152, 168, 265, 268; Arabs, 5, 10, 47, 52, 70, 72-73, 76-77, 116, 127, 199, 200, 233, 244245, 249
Arambourg,... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 743
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_954 | Batutsi, 49, 179
Baulé, 48
Baumann, Hermann, 142, 189, 198, 300; \& Westermann, D., 160, 274
Bela, 264
Benfey, Theodor, 115-116
Bethers, 52, 54-55, 64-65, 68-70, 134, 145
Bihan-el-Moluk, 46-48, 55-56, 58-59
Biri, 148
Bisharin, 63
Bocchoris, 146, 219
Book of the Dead, The, 76, 77, 89, 91, 101, 199, 200
Bory de Saint V... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1555
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_955 | Candace, 96, 143
Capari, Jean, 83, 86, 125, 204, 301
Cappart, Denise, 19
Capsian, 66, 70, 264-266, 268
Carthage, 65, 70, 118-119, 122, 168, 195, 212
Cecrops, 110
Césaire, Aimé, 26, 257/n
Champollion, Jean-François (the Younger), $45,46-50,55-57,137,167,189,255-256$, 301
Champollion-Figeac, Jacques-Joseph, 45-46, $48,50... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2357
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_956 | Coon, Carleton S., 238-241, 249, 256, 298
Cornevin, Robert, 265-266, 268, 273-274, 301
Cosmogony, 139-141
Cremation, 113, 116, 194-195
Crete, 86, 106, 209, 229, 251
Cro-Magnon man, 70, 130-131, 241, 249, 261, 264-266, 268-269, 273, 297-298
Dada, 148
Dagomba, 139
Danakil, 264
Danaus, 110
"Dark red" color, 43-44, 46, 5... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3117
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_957 | Diodorus Siculus (Diodorus of Sicily), 1-2, $57,71-72,101,106,150,168,200,214$, 244, 301
Diop, Cheikh Anta, challenged, 236-259; educational background, $x$
Diet, Serpent King, 75
Djoloff-Djoloff, 170
Dodona, 1, 110, 242
Dogon, 79, 136-137, 140-141, 179, 234, 301
Dolichocephalism, 104, 261
DuBois, W. E. B., $x$
Dugba, ... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": null,
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3921
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_958 | Edrissi, 164
Egypt, see Dynasties; Low Epoch; Middle Kingdom; Old Kingdom
Egypt and Negro Africa (Seligman), 8
Egypte de Mourtadi, fils du Gaphiphe, L', $149 j n$
Egyptology, advent and development of, 51 , $70,74,148,210,250$
Eliade, Mircea, 194
Engels, Friedrich, 225
Ethiopia, 56, 71-72, 92, 107, 140, 145-146, 156, 2... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 0
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_959 | Frazer, Sir James George, 135, 301
Frobenius, Leo, 158, 160-161, 224, 301
From Tribe to Empire (Alexander Moret \& Georges Davy), 310-311
Fulbe, 63
Foron, Raymond, 65-67, 264-266, 301
Ga-Gan-Gang, 182
Galla, 264
Gamble's Cave II, 268, 271
Gao, Empire, 148, 161; Mosque, 178
Garrod, Dorothy Annie Elizabeth, 265
Genseric,... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 804
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_960 | Griaule, Marcel, 79, 136-137, 140-141, 187, 234, 301
Grimaldi Negroids, 67, 118, 249, 263-264, 266-267, 269, 297-298; Les Grotles de Grimaldi (Verneau), 263
Guin, 149
Haddon, Alfred Cort, 249, 264, 301, 303; Haddon, the Head-Hunter (A. H. Quiggin), 301
Hadendoa, 264
Hagar, 127, 136
Hamy, Ernest-Théodore, 104, 247, 301-... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 1582
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_961 | Hommel, Fritz, 247
Homo habilis, 298
Homo sapiens, 260, 262, 265-266; "Homo sapiens-sapiens," $x v$
Horemheb, 38, 212
Horus, 6, 46, 48, 55, 76, 79, 87-89, 92, 108, 185-186, 190, 194
Hottentots, 66-67, 164, 184, 267; Hottentot Venus, 267, 270
Houssay, Frédéric-Arsène, 104-105, 302
Hubac, Pierre, 114
Hyksos, 62, 152, 209... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 2376
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_962 | Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, ix
Juvenal, 253
Ko, 75
Kallirs, 51-52, 184
Kankan Musa, 161-162
Kara-Karé, 182-184
Karnak, 95, 101, 220, 234-235
Kati, Mahmud, 144, 302
Katsena, 139
Keith, Sir Arthur, 130
Kenya man, 265
Khaldun, Ibn, 70, 302
Khepera, 185
Khevioso, see Shango
Khnum, 185
Khons, see Kush
Khopri, 185
Kingship, 13... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 3183
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_963 | Iepsius, Karl Richard, 63, 96, 302, 303
Leroi-Gourban, André, Is
léys-Bruhl, Lucien, 23-24, 91, 302
I hote, A., 256
I hote, Henri, 253-254, 265
Libya, 66, 95, 110, 133, 140, 242, 247-248, 298; Libyans, 1, 3-5, 56-57, 64-65, 68-70, $72-73,93-94,97,118,152,214-216,218-$ $219,221,240,264$
Linnaeus, Carl, 266, 302
Lloyd, S... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4033
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_964 | Marx, Karl, 225
Masai, 268, 273
Masathi, Prince of Assiout, 33
Mashauasha, 97
Maspero, Gaston (Sir Gaston-Camille-
Charles), 2, 65, 70-76, 88, 114, 167, 190, 302, 303
Masson-Oursel, Paul, 139-140
Massoufard, Dr. Emile, 129-131, 165
Matriarchy, 112, 142-145
Mauny, Raymond, 236-259, 302
Mazoi, 97
Mhum, 139
Mechta man, ... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 4805
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_965 | Meyer, Karl E., 300
Middle Kingdom (Middle Empire), 35, 7475, 158, 208-218
Min, 147
Mineptah-Sitah, 214
Mithras, 113
Monod, Théodore, 144, 266fn, 297, 302
Monotheism, 6-7, 112
Montet, Pierre, 4
Mours, 52, 200-201
Moret, Alexandre, 85, 87-91, 94-97, 100, 134, 189-190, 239, 303; \& Davy, Georges, $310-311$
Moreux, Abbé T... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 5617
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_966 | Natufian, 265-266, 298
Naville, Edouard, 92, 303
Nazis (Nazism), 25, 49, 117, 235, 301
Neanderthal Man, 266, 299
Nebuchadnezzar, 121
Necho, 220-221
Nêgres de l'Afrique, Les, see Negroes of Africa
Negritude, xiii, 257
Negro, xiv, 10-42, 51, 70, 136, 242, 274;
"Negro blacksmiths," see Shemsu-Hor; Negro Gobinism, see Gobi... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 6419
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_967 | Obenga, Théophile, ix, 276
Ogoun, 148
Old Kingdom (Old Empire), 74-75, 87, 95, 204-208, 222
Oldusai man, 268; Olduvai Gorge, 298-299
Orisha, 186
Orougan, $148-149$
Osiris, xiv-xv, 1, 6, 11, 75-77, 87-91, 95, $105,108,113,141,147,159,185,190-191$, 194, 199, 230, 256; Tomb of, 300; Tribunal of, $95,159,230$; "Osirian dea... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7082
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_968 | Petrie, Flinders (Sir William Matthew), 12, 131, 204, 247-248, 303
Peul, 79, 183, 187-191, 199, 202-203
Peuples et les civilisations de l'Afrique, Les (Baumann \& Westermann), 274
Philo, of Byblos, 108
Phoenicia, 2, 65, 70, 72, 107-123, 127, 136, 152, 168, 215, 265, 302; Phoenicians, 166167, 194, 242
Piankhi, 219
Pierr... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 7887
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_969 | Pythagoras, 231-232
Quatrefages de Bréau, Armand, 104, 303
Queen of Daura, 142
Quibbell, James Edward, 78, 204, 303
Quiggin, A. H., 301
Ra, 6, 71, 87, 91, 94-95, 108, 137, 150, 185, 198-199; see also Amon
Rametou, 167
Ramses, 6, 182; Ramses I, 212; Ramses II, 19, 47, 108, 203, 208, 211-212, 216, 218,
239 (deification... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 8712
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_970 | Rougé, Emmanuel de, $72 / n, 247$
Rpa, 186-187
Saba (Sheba), 72, 115, 126-128; Sabacans, 125; see also Sheba, Queen of
S'adi, Abderrahman, 311
Saïs, self-government at, 205-206, 219-221
Sanchoniation, 108
Sao, 187-189
Saqqara, 14, 101-102, 228, 303
Sar, 199
Sara (Sarakolé), 145, 182, 198
Sar-Teta, 199
Sataspes, 181
"Sc... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 9510
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_971 | Shabataka, 220-221
Shamba, 139
Shango, King, 148-149
Sheba, Queen of, 121, 124; see also Saba Shemsu-Hor, 88
Shilluk, 139, 268, 273
Shu, 185
Siegfried, André, 234, 303
Sinanthropus, 179, 298
Slaves, Slavery, 24, 210-218, 222-225
Smith, Sir Grafton Elliott, 131, 241, 249, 264, 303
Snowden, F. M., 242
Sokaris, 185
Somali... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 10304
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_972 | Tamhou, 47, 64, 256
Tanis, 4
Tanit, 122
Tamatamon, 221
Tarikh el Fettach, 144, 302
Tarikh es Sudan, 157, 311
Tassili N'ajier, 254, 272
Tausert, Queen, 214
Teaspes, 181
Teda, 142, 258
Tedju, Miss Aderemi, xii
Tefnakhi, 219
Teheno, 97
Tell el Amarna, 6, 158
Tempels, Father Placide, 139, 303
Tera Neter, 12, 204
Texts of t... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11100
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf_chunk_973 | Tothmosis III, 20, 83fn, 108, 124, 209, 213
Tyre, 118, 218
Una, 169
UNESCO, xiii, 276, 304
Uni, Chancellor, 240
Unité culturelle de l'Afrique Noire, L' (Diop), xvi
Valtois, Dr. Henri-Victor, 123, 249, 260-261, $263-264,268-273,303$
Vandals, 69-70, 106, 115
Van Gennep, Arnold, 134-135
Vendryes, Joseph, 303
Verneau, ... | {
"Header 1": "INDEX",
"Header 2": "Ebers, Georg Moritz, 247",
"image_references": [],
"images_base64": [],
"start_index": 11900
} | african-origin-of-civilization-complete.pdf |
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