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5.87k
365,600
65,782,073
Updating JIRA custom field with multi-line comments using Panda dataframe
<p>I am trying to update a JIRA custom field from a panda dataframe.</p> <p>The attribute DATA_HISTORY contains the following values -</p> <p><code>update_dict[data_history] = df[df.EID==employee_id].DATA_HISTORY.values[0]</code></p> <p><strong>'01/18/2021: CRITICAL\r01/17/2021: HIGH'</strong></p> <p><code>issue.update...
<p>Using Jira REST API FOR adding comment, in the content block add</p> <pre><code>{ &quot;type&quot;: &quot;hardBreak&quot; } </code></pre> <p>to achieve this. This is as per Jira Atlassian Document Format (ADF) guidelines</p>
python|pandas|jira|jira-rest-api
0
365,601
65,683,082
ValueError: Shapes (None, 1) and (None, 90) are incompatible
<p>I want to build a <code>deep RNN</code> where my x_train and my y_train. When I execute the code below:</p> <pre><code>print(X_train_fea.shape, y_train_fea.shape) X_train_res = np.reshape(X_train_fea,(10510,10,1)) y_train_res = np.reshape(y_train_fea.to_numpy(),(-1,1)) print(X_train_res.shape, y_train_res.shape) </c...
<p>Looks like <code>y_train_res</code> comprise of integer indices not one-hot vectors. If so you have to use <code>sparse_categorical_crossentropy</code>:</p> <pre><code>model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy') </code></pre> <p>and change its shape to 1D:</p> <pre><code>y_train_res = np....
python-3.x|tensorflow|lstm
0
365,602
65,903,070
Instance Normalization Error while converting model from tensorflow to Coreml (4.0)
<p>I try to convert my model from Tensorflow to Coreml however I get below error. Isn't it possible to convert instance normalization layer to CoreML? Any workaround to overcome?</p> <p>ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) in () 6 7 model = ct.convert( ----&gt; 8 tf_keras_mod...
<p>I use keras-contrib instead and it works fine. Please see issue and its solution below. It is still open for tensorflow_addons.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/apple/coremltools/issues/1007" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/apple/coremltools/issues/1007</a></p>
tensorflow|normalization|coreml|coremltools
0
365,603
65,811,056
Numpy bitwise xor on signed int
<p>I am reading in some binary data that is in offset binary format. The signed integers in <code>numpy</code> are in twos compliment so the values are incorrect. To fix the data I need to flip the most significant bit. However, I am getting some unexpected results from the bitwise xor and not entirely sure what is ...
<p>Your <code>mask = 0b10000000</code> is an unsigned integer representation:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; mask ... 128 </code></pre> <p>This would need 16 bits to represent as a signed integer, hence numpy casts all the ints to 16 bits to accommodate this operation. You are looking for the signed integer that has the b...
python|numpy
1
365,604
65,876,228
How was the ssd_mobilenet_v1 tflite model in TFHub trained?
<p>How do I find more info on how the <a href="https://tfhub.dev/tensorflow/lite-model/ssd_mobilenet_v1/1/default/1" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ssd_mobilenet_v1</a> tflite model on TFHub was trained?</p> <p>Was it trained in such a way that made it easy to convert it to tflite by avoiding certain ops not supported by tf...
<p>I am not sure about about the exact origin of the model, but looks like it does have TFLite-compatible ops. From my experience, the best place to start for TFLite-compatible SSD models is with the <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/tf2_detection_zoo.md" rel="nof...
tensorflow|tensorflow-lite
1
365,605
65,521,041
How to Install Cuda 10.1 with Tensorflow V.2.4 RTX 2070 Super Ubuntu 18.04
<p>I'm new and studying Machine Learning. When I try install nvidia cuda following instruction <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu?hl=en" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.tensorflow.org/install/gpu?hl=en</a>, Installing failed.</p> <p>To use Cuda in tensorflow 2.4, It requires Cuda v10.1 and when I try...
<p>If you're on Ubuntu 18.04, you can use <code>sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit</code>. The version of CUDA in that package (as of January 20, 2021) is 10.1.</p> <p>Once you've run that you can confirm that it is indeed 10.1 with <code>nvcc --version</code>.</p>
tensorflow|gpu|ubuntu-18.04|nvidia
0
365,606
65,595,039
Python&Pandas How to get all the rows that belongs to each one of the 4 quartiles of the method "describe"?
<p>Good night!</p> <p>I'm new in coding, my english isn't so good and it's my second post here, so please be patient with me =]</p> <p>I have a huuuge csv file (more than 500k rows) with a huge amount of interest rates in the last column.</p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/aGl8w.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><i...
<p>Is this what you are looking for:</p> <pre><code># Quartile value qtile_value = 0.95 # Make new dataframe of original, being a subset as it filters for all values lower than # quartile value quart_1 = df[df['vr_tx_jrs']&lt;=np.quantile(df['vr_tx_jrs'], qtile_value )] </code></pre> <p>Just repeat quart_1 for your o...
python|pandas|dataframe|numpy|analytics
1
365,607
65,827,031
Pytorch Global Pruning is not reducing the size of the model
<p>I am trying to Prune my Deep Learning model via Global Pruning. The original UnPruned model is about 77.5 MB. However after pruning, when I am saving the model, the size of the model is the same as the original. Can anyone help me with this issue?</p> <p>Below is the Pruning code:-</p> <pre><code>import torch.nn.uti...
<p>Prunning <strong>won't change the model size</strong> if applied like this.</p> <p>If you have a tensor, say something like:</p> <pre><code>[1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8.] </code></pre> <p>And you prune <code>50%</code> of data, so for example this:</p> <pre><code>[1., 2., 0., 4., 0., 6., 0., 0.] </code></pre> <p>Y...
deep-learning|computer-vision|pytorch|vision|pruning
1
365,608
65,795,924
How to subplot multiple categorical columns in a dataframe?
<p>So I can plot all my columns individually like so:</p> <pre><code>df['cat1'].value_counts().plot.bar() </code></pre> <p>But I can't figure out how to plot all of my cateogical columns in a nice looking subplot structure so I'm not endlessly scrolling.</p> <p>My thinking so far is perhaps looping through my columns a...
<p>You can create an array of subplots and pass along the plot command:</p> <pre><code># assuming you have 12 columns: fig,axes = plt.subplots(nrows=3, ncols=4, figsize=(12,8)) # use `select_dtypes` to filter instead of `describe` for col, ax in zip(df.select_dtypes(include='O'), axes.ravel()): df[col].value_count...
pandas|dataframe|matplotlib|seaborn
1
365,609
65,874,859
how to used if else with for loop in pandas data Frame with Column value
<p>I am having an csv (code.csv) file which contains some words/data available in rows. in columns 'A' and I want to count that words in a text file (data.txt) and want to print count in txt file (test.txt). with words which is at least came 1 time. if word is not available in excel don't print. but counter printing a...
<p>You could simply apply a for loop on column A for each word and search for it in the string as follows:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.read_csv('df.csv') df.columns = ['A'] df.dropna(subset = [&quot;A&quot;], inplace=True) df['A'] = df['A'].astype('string') with open('data.txt', 'r') as txtfile: te...
python|pandas|dataframe|for-loop|if-statement
0
365,610
65,672,557
How to calculate between the rows in pandas Dataframe?
<p>I want to calculate what percentage of original value my new values are. What I want to receive is new columns in my Pandas DataFrame.</p> <p>My DataFrame looks like this:</p> <pre><code> Feature Precision Accuracy Recall Specificity F1 score 0 original 0.949367 0.911765 0.9375 0.818182 0...
<p>Dividing by the first row with <code>div</code> and <code>iloc[0]</code>, adding suffix to column names with <code>add_suffix</code>, and then joining to the original DataFrame with <code>join</code>:</p> <pre><code>df.join( df.select_dtypes(float).div( df.select_dtypes(float).iloc[0]).add_suffix(' %')) ...
python|pandas
2
365,611
65,551,203
Which input's shape for timeseries_dataset_from_array?
<p>I have a dataset with <code>n</code> columns, of which the firsts <code>n-1</code> are features, and the <code>n</code>th is the label.</p> <p>After read <a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/keras/preprocessing/timeseries_dataset_from_array" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> documentation, I have ...
<p>Yes, it is necessary to shift. You can see it in the code below, using the variable <code>seq_length</code> for indexing.</p> <p>The input can be of any shape, as long as <code>data</code> and <code>targets</code> share the same first dimension.</p> <p>The data format can be univariate:</p> <pre><code>import tensorf...
python|tensorflow|keras|time-series|tensorflow2.0
1
365,612
65,867,400
Obtaining just the last row when using beautiful soup
<p>I have the following code:</p> <pre><code>from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests import pandas as pd def Get_Top_List_BR(url): response = requests.get(url) page = response.text soup = BeautifulSoup(page) table = soup.find(id='table') rows = [row for row in table.find_al...
<p>First, I'm not sure as to what Python version you are using but how you implement BeautifulSoup is incorrect, at least in my version. BeautifulSoup heavily recommends using a parser <a href="https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#installing-a-parser" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>. Your following...
python|pandas|web-scraping|beautifulsoup
1
365,613
65,800,820
New Column Based on Last Delimiter Split
<p>I am getting an index error while trying to use a lambdas function like below... I am trying to extract just the last 2-3 characters from the string based on a space as a delimiter. Why would this not work?</p> <p>Error:</p> <pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last): File &quot;C:\Users\robert.carmody\OneDrive ...
<p>If you are looking for the last element of the list, then you would need to use <code>[-1]</code> instead of <code>[1]</code>. Furthermore, there's no need for apply + lambda, you can use <code>.str.split()</code>. Try with the following:</p> <pre><code>report_demand['Industry'] = report_demand['Industry'].str.split...
python|pandas
1
365,614
65,893,054
importing from yfinance rounds data
<p>I have been hitting my head against a wall here for the last couple of hours, I'm not that familiar with python and I'm trying to import historical data from Yahoo finance.</p> <p>I've got it set up to import the data I want, but ran into a problem with the actual data, when trying to add some technical indicators. ...
<p>I don't know why yfinance has the same high and low values, but if you set yfinance to 1 hour intervals, the high and low values will be different, so if you adjust the alpha side to 1 hour, you can handle it. If the specification requires 1 minute intervals, then this answer is useless.</p> <pre><code>import dateti...
python|numpy|alpha-vantage|yfinance
0
365,615
65,506,925
Pivot Pandas Dataframe adding columns
<p>I have the following dataframe:</p> <pre><code>date product ... cost quantity 2018-01-02 orange ... 7.5 2 2018-01-02 apples ... 10 5 2018-01-02 apples ... 12 4 2018-01-04 melon ... 6.5 10 2018-01-04 melon ... 5 4 2...
<p>Just modifying <code>user3483203</code>'s <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/52681150/6660373">answer</a></p> <pre><code>x = (df.assign(flag=df.groupby(['date', 'product']).cost.cumcount()) .pivot_table(index=['date', 'product'], columns='flag', values='cost', aggfunc='first') .add_prefix('cost_')) y = (d...
python|pandas|pivot
0
365,616
65,665,723
Extract Datetime information from a string in a DataFrame column
<p>So I have the Edition Column which contains data in unevenly pattern, as some have ',' followed by the date and some have ',-' pattern.</p> <pre><code>df.head() 17 Paperback,– 1 Nov 2016 18 Mass Market Paperback,– 1 Jan 1991 19 Paperback,– 2016 20 Hardcover,– 24 ...
<pre><code>obj = df['Edition'] obj.str.split('((?:\d+\s+\w+\s+)?\d{4}$)', expand=True) </code></pre> <p>or</p> <pre><code>obj.str.split('[,–]+').str[0] obj.str.split('[,–]+').str[-1] # date </code></pre>
python-3.x|pandas|dataframe|machine-learning|feature-engineering
3
365,617
65,877,365
Python sklearn linear regression error: fit() missing 1 required positional argument: 'y'"
<p>I'm very new to Python and scikit-learn. I'm having difficulty working with the scikit-learn Boston data house prices data set. Please find my code below.</p> <p>Thanks!</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import pandas as pd import scipy.stats as stats import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import sklearn bos = pd.DataFram...
<p>Your <code>lm = LinearRegression</code> is missing the parentheses, thus the Model Object constructor is not called. Furthermore, you are not correctly fitting the model you just created. The line <code>LinearRegression.fit</code> is not needed.</p> <p>Try the following and see if it helps:</p> <pre><code>import pan...
python|pandas|numpy|scikit-learn|linear-regression
0
365,618
65,661,486
Pandas read data row by row
<p>I have a csv file that looks like this</p> <div class="s-table-container"> <table class="s-table"> <thead> <tr> <th>lon</th> <th>lat</th> <th>date1</th> <th>date2</th> <th>date3</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>120.55</td> <td>23.2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1.66</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>4...
<p>You have two options. Option one using <code>stack</code>:</p> <pre><code>df.set_index(['lon', 'lat']) .stack() .rename('date') .reset_index(level=2, drop=True) .reset_index() lon lat date 0 120.55 23.2 1 1 120.55 23.2 2 2 120.55 23.2 3 3 120.66 23.3 4 4 120.66 23.3 ...
python|pandas|sqlite
2
365,619
65,494,855
Seed for reproducible results is not working (Tensorflow)
<p>I'm having a problem that concern the reproducibility of my results using Tensorflow (v1.15.3). I set all the seeds (os, random, numpy and tensorflow) but the results of a convolutional neural networks changes always between executions (even if similar).</p> <p>I set my seeds in this way:</p> <pre><code>seed_value =...
<p>I suggest, after</p> <pre><code>weights = { 'conv1/conv2d': tf.get_variable('conv1/weights', shape=[3,3,512,1024], initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer()), # and more ... } </code></pre> <p>store the weight externally in a file, for example, then next time you run, do not go through that previous...
python|tensorflow|seed
1
365,620
65,806,658
Pandas rolling conditional sum on time and group
<br> I got an apparently hard task to do, in Python/Pandas. <p>I have a dataframe like this:</p> <pre><code>| DATETIME | PRODUCT | AMOUNT | </code></pre> <p>I need to produce the last column, with the cumulative sum of the (let's say sold product) amounts in the last 5 minutes, for each product (I have more than two pr...
<p>You can use <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.groupby.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>pd.DataFrame.groupby</code></a>, <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.apply.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>g...
python|pandas|time-series|rolling-computation|cumsum
1
365,621
65,596,986
How to define a function on numpy array that uses array indexes to lookup a dictionary?
<p>I have a large numpy matrix 'mat' of size (150,000 * 150,000). I'm trying to apply a function on each element of this numpy array. The function uses a dictionary whose key range from 0 to 149,999:</p> <p>Step1:</p> <p>Converting the 1-d array to a dictionary</p> <pre><code>dict1 = dict(enumerate(arr)) # arr is a 1d ...
<p>I think there is no need to create dictionary from <code>1-d</code> array you can directly transform the <code>arr</code> by taking the outer product then you can divide the matrix by this transformed <code>arr</code> to get the final result:</p> <pre><code>mat / (arr[:, None] * arr) </code></pre> <hr /> <pre><code...
python-3.x|pandas|numpy|vectorization
0
365,622
65,678,363
Mask of an image with a list of pixel values
<p>I want to create a mask of an image with the values in a list. For example I have an RGB image with dimension (2, 5):</p> <pre><code>a = (np.random.rand(2, 5, 3) * 10).astype(int) array([[[0, 5, 8], [9, 0, 2], [2, 2, 9], [9, 2, 4], [2, 5, 3]], [[7, 5, 7], [1, 9, 3], ...
<p>Try this solution using broadcasting.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>aa = a[:, :, None, :] bb = b[None, None] mask = (aa == bb).any(axis=2).all(axis=-1) </code></pre> <p>We get:</p> <pre><code>In [57]: mask Out[57]: array([[ True, False, False, False, False], [ True, False, True, False, ...
python|numpy|opencv|image-processing|matrix
3
365,623
65,541,235
Conditional mapping among columns of two data frames with Pandas Data frame
<p>I needed your advice regarding how to map columns between data-frames:</p> <p><strong>I have put it in simple way so that it's easier for you to understand:</strong></p> <p>df = dataframe</p> <p><strong>EXAMPLE:</strong></p> <pre><code>df1 = pd.DataFrame({ &quot;X&quot;: [], &quot;Y&quot;: [], ...
<p>Try this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def first_non_empty(df, cols): &quot;&quot;&quot;Return the first non-empty, non-null value among the specified columns per row&quot;&quot;&quot; return df[cols].replace('', pd.NA).bfill(axis=1).iloc[:, 0] col_x = first_non_empty(df2, ['A','C...
pandas|dataframe|conditional-statements
1
365,624
65,529,663
Implementation of Deep learning model in Keras
<p>I am trying to implement the neural network model in Keras but I am getting a dimensionality issue. As per the Model architecture, I should get 1 as the output dimension from the last(Fully connected) layer but I am getting 2D data as output.</p> <p>I am trying to implement the figure-4 from the <a href="https://iee...
<p>You need return_sequences = False in your last LSTM layer so it only returns last hidden state. That way it only returns a vector. So 4 branches return 4 vectors which are concatenated into one.</p> <p>More details: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42755820/how-to-use-return-sequences-option-and-timedist...
machine-learning|keras|deep-learning|tensorflow2.0
1
365,625
65,776,409
pandas merge dataframes where rows match and append value
<p>I have two data frames:</p> <p>df1:</p> <pre><code> Chr Pos qual 0 1 1234 2 1 2 5678 6 2 1 1111 4 3 5 0123 30 </code></pre> <p>df2:</p> <pre><code> Chr Pos 0 1 1234 1 5 0123 2 3 1111 3 1 01234 </code></pre> <p>if the row in df2 matches the row in df1 then append qual ...
<p>If I understood correctly should be:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np df3 = pd.merge(df1,df2,how='outer',on=['Chr','Pos'],indicator=True) df3.loc[df3._merge != &quot;both&quot;,'qual']= np.nan df3.drop(columns='_merge',inplace=True) df3 </code></pre>
python|pandas
0
365,626
65,877,638
What's the function of “keep_aspect_ratio_resizer {” in the config file of Tensorflow Object Detection API?
<p>I use the Tensorflow Object Detection API to create an AI for Faster-RCNN. <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/models.git" rel="nofollow noreferrer">GitHub:Tensorflow/models</a></p> <p>What kind of resizing function does &quot;keep_aspect_ratio_resizer {&quot; in the config file have?</p> <p>I prepared images of ...
<p>The definition of the different fields of the configuration files can be seen following this link: <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/research/object_detection/protos" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/research/object_detection/protos</a></p> <p>The <em...
python|tensorflow|object-detection|object-detection-api
2
365,627
65,857,308
Cannot install Fastquant using pip on OSX
<p>Problem description Can't install Fastquant</p> <p>Environment</p> <pre><code>platform (e.g. Linux, OSX, Windows): OSX fastquant version (e.g. 0.1.3.17): latest version installation method (e.g. pip, conda, source): pip </code></pre> <p>I'm getting this error message: <a href="https://gist.github.com/datomnurdin/931...
<p>Can you try updating your fastquant package? We've just fixed an issue with the new python 3.9</p> <p><code>pip install fastquant --upgrade</code></p>
python|python-3.x|macos|numpy|pip
0
365,628
65,722,752
Neural Network accuracy is always 0 while training classification problem in Keras
<p>I am making a neural network for the titanic classification problem but my training accuracy is always 0. I checked other solutions but couldn't find a solution that works. The loss reduces but accuracy is 0.</p> <pre><code>model= keras.Sequential( [ layers.Dense(10,activation=&quot;relu&quot;,input_shape=(...
<p>First, you are incorrectly using <code>metrics=['accuracy']</code>. Second, this points to a much deeper bug which I think is unintentional. <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/46436" rel="nofollow noreferrer">I have raised an Issue</a> for this on tensorflow repo. Let's hope someone responds.</...
python|tensorflow|machine-learning|keras|neural-network
1
365,629
65,609,285
In Tensorflow, adding data augmentation layers to my keras model slows down training by over 10x
<p>I'm adding data augmentation to my tensorflow model like so:</p> <pre><code>data_augmentation = keras.Sequential([ layers.experimental.preprocessing.RandomRotation(factor=0.4, fill_mode=&quot;wrap&quot;), layers.experimental.preprocessing.RandomTranslation(height_factor=0.2, width_factor=0.2, fill_mode=&quot;wra...
<p>There are two ways of adding data augmentation: 1- Inside the model, just like the way you did. 2- Outside the model, and before training, using tf.data.Dataset.map()</p> <p>Maybe trying option2 could make your model training faster. Try it! More details here: <a href="https://keras.io/guides/preprocessing_layers/" ...
tensorflow|keras|keras-layer|data-augmentation
0
365,630
65,764,908
How do I join dataframes in python where each dataframe has a column which represents different processes values at a specific time
<p>My title is a bit messy but hopefully the information below is specific enough.</p> <p>I have a script that scrapes the name and price of items from a online store and stores them in a pandas dataframe with 2 columns, Name and Price. The script runs at regular time periods and exports the data to a csv. Now I want t...
<p>Maybe you can partition the data and generate a pivot table to produce your desired outcome.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame({ &quot;Item&quot;: [&quot;Car&quot;, &quot;Bike&quot;, &quot;Car&quot;, &quot;Bike&quot;, &quot;Car&quot;, &quot;Bike&quot;,], &quot;Price&quot;: [&quot;...
python|pandas|dataframe|time-series
0
365,631
65,693,305
pandas key error only when using merge only in a function
<p>I have two data frames &quot;base_level&quot; and &quot;raw_inventory&quot; with the following columns:</p> <p>&quot;base_level&quot; columns -&gt; &quot;a&quot; , &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; , &quot;inventory_id&quot;...</p> <p>&quot;raw_inventory&quot; columns -&gt; &quot;1&quot;, &quot;2&quot;, &quot;3&quot;, &q...
<p>Try this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>test = inv_level(left, right, left['user_id'], right['new_id'], 'left') </code></pre>
python|pandas
0
365,632
65,738,799
RuntimeError: stack expects each tensor to be equal size, but got [205] at entry 0 and [229] at entry 1
<p>I am a secondary level practitioner, and in my practice they sent me to program a neural network that classifies complaints, I need someone's help because it gives me the following error:</p> <p>It is based on a youtube tutorial, only adapted to work with BETO and does not classify between positive and negative but ...
<p>@Andrey</p> <pre><code># Iteración entrenamiento def train_model(model, data_loader, loss_fn, optimizer, device, scheduler, n_examples): model = model.train() losses = [] correct_predictions = 0 for batch in data_loader: input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device) attention_...
tensorflow
0
365,633
65,842,712
Why does my Keras Custom Layer only gets called once?
<p>I have to work with tensorflow 1.15 and need a custom layer. A very simplistic layer can look like this:</p> <pre><code>class Dummy(keras.layers.Layer): def __init__(self, units=32, input_dim=32): super(Dummy, self).__init__() self.cnt = 1 def call(self, inputs): self.cnt += 1 ...
<p>Have to use <code>tf.Variable</code> and <code>assign_add</code> for initialization and adding</p> <pre><code>class Dummy(keras.layers.Layer): def __init__(self, units=32, input_dim=32): super(Dummy, self).__init__() self.cnt = tf.Variable(1, trainable=False) def call(self, inputs): ...
python|tensorflow|keras|tensorflow1.15
0
365,634
65,619,603
Scipy raise error, TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'float' and 'dict' however the variables are float
<p>I'm trying to optimize one constrained, nonlinear model with scipy.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np; from scipy.optimize import minimize; import math # initial guesses n = 2 x0 = np.zeros(n) T = 0.1 L = 0.1 def objective(T, L): try: return (350 / T) + (35 * ((312.5 * (T / 2)) + (11.69 * (math.sqrt(T...
<p>I ran your code to debug it. I noticed the following and made the changes accordingly:</p> <ul> <li>The function <code>constraint1(T, L)</code> did not return anything.</li> <li>As <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/4354477/forcebru">@ForceBru</a> mentioned, using <code>args=cons</code> will pass the dictionar...
python|numpy|optimization|scipy|nonlinear-optimization
1
365,635
21,088,052
square root of sum of square of columns in multidimensional array
<p>I am using multidimensional list with numpy</p> <p>I have a list.</p> <pre><code>l = [[0 2 8] [0 2 7] [0 2 5] [2 4 5] [ 8 4 7]] </code></pre> <p>I need to find square root of sum of square of columns.</p> <pre><code>0 2 8 0 2 7 0 2 5 2 4 5 8 4 7 </code></pre> <p>output as,</p> <pre><code>l = [sqrt((square(0) +...
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import numpy as np &gt;&gt;&gt; a = np.array([[0, 2, 8], [0, 2, 7], [0, 2, 5], [2, 4, 5], [ 8, 4, 7]]) &gt;&gt;&gt; np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(a), axis=0)) array([ 8.24621125, 6.63324958, 14.56021978]) </code></pre>
python|numpy
12
365,636
21,381,106
How to trim a series of string objects in python?
<p>is there any way to trim a series of string objects with out using for loop. I can do this element by element. I have a series <code>a</code></p> <pre><code>print a 0 164 1 164 2 164 3 164 4 164 5 164 </code></pre> <p>now I have to remove space at the start of each " 164"s. <code>a.strip()...
<p>Use <code>str.strip</code> to remove the spaces:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({'a': ['164', ' 164', ' 164']}) for item in df.a: print (len(item)) 3 4 7 In [11]: df.a = df.a.str.strip(' ') for item in df.a: print (len(item)) 3 3 3 </code></pre> <p>To convert to ints do this:</p> <pre><code>In [20]:...
python|pandas|strip
4
365,637
21,138,492
For Python, how to sort and lump elements in a fixed-sized list
<p>Sorry if this is a trivial question. If I have a list:</p> <pre><code>inputlist = [(0,0), (_,_), (_,_), (0,0), (0,0), (_,_), (0,0)] </code></pre> <p>What is an efficient way to sort it so that all the non-zero elements get lumped to the left (in any order):</p> <pre><code>sortlist = [(_,_), (_,_), (_,_), (0,0), (...
<p>Use a key that returns a lower for anything non-zero, like <code>-1</code> vs. <code>0</code>:</p> <pre><code>sorted(inputlist, key=lambda t: -1 if t != (0, 0) else 0) </code></pre> <p>This can be simplified to:</p> <pre><code>sorted(inputlist, key=lambda t: t == (0, 0)) </code></pre> <p>since <code>False</code>...
python|list|sorting|numpy
3
365,638
21,069,716
Plot numpy array built from a .tiff image using pyqtplot
<p>I'm trying to plot a tiff image in pyqtgraph.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import gdal import pyqtgraph as pg from PyQt4 import QtCore gd = gdal.Open('myImage.tif') data = np.array(gd.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()) pg.plot(data, title="my picture") if __name__ == '__main__': import sys if sys.flags....
<p>I think you want <a href="http://www.pyqtgraph.org/documentation/images.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">pyqtgraph.image</a>. For example, here's a modifed version of your script (I have PySide installed):</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import pyqtgraph as pg from PySide import QtCore from scipy.ndimage import g...
python|numpy|pyqtgraph
3
365,639
21,335,957
Fast way to select n items (drawn from a Poisson distribution) for each element in array x
<p>I am having some trouble with solving a problem I encountered.</p> <p>I have an array with prices:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; x = np.random.randint(10, size=10) array([6, 1, 7, 6, 9, 0, 8, 2, 1, 8]) </code></pre> <p>And a (randomly) generated array of Poisson distributed arrivals:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; ar...
<p>You could use <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.repeat.html" rel="nofollow">np.repeat</a>:</p> <pre><code>In [43]: x = np.array([6, 1, 7, 6, 9, 0, 8, 2, 1, 8]) In [44]: arrivals = np.array([4, 0, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1]) In [45]: np.repeat(x, arrivals) Out[45]: array([6, 6, 6, 6, ...
python|arrays|algorithm|numpy
6
365,640
21,207,990
Display multiple output tables in IPython notebook using Pandas
<p>I now know that I can output multiple charts from IPython pandas by embedding them in one plot space which will appear in a single output cell in the notebook.</p> <p>Can I do something similar with Pandas HTML Tables?</p> <p>I am getting data from multiple tabs (about 15-20) on a spreadsheet and running them thou...
<p>This does it:</p> <pre><code>area-tabs=list(map(str, range(1, 28))) # for all 27 tabs #area_tabs=['1','2'] # for specific tabs for area_tabs in area_tabs: actdf,aname = get_data(area_tabs) #get_data gets the data and does a bunch or regression and table building aname,actdf,merged2,mergederrs,montdist,ols_t...
pandas|ipython|ipython-notebook
3
365,641
21,160,036
Find Unique Values Across Data Frames without looping
<p>How do I find unique values across Data Frames without looping?</p> <pre><code>df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,105673,size=100).reshape(10,10)) df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,206782,size=100).reshape(10,10)) df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,435612,size=100).reshape(10,10)) </code></pre> <p>To ...
<p>You can try to get the unique values in a dataframe <code>df</code> by converting its flattened values to a set <code>set(df.values.ravel())</code> (in the set data structure duplicate values will automatically be removed).</p>
python|pandas
0
365,642
20,940,805
Python particles simulator: out-of-core processing
<h1>Problem description</h1> <p>In writing a Monte Carlo particle simulator (brownian motion and photon emission) in python/numpy. I need to save the simulation output (>>10GB) to a file and process the data in a second step. Compatibility with both Windows and Linux is important.</p> <p>The number of particles (<cod...
<p>Dask.array can perform chunked operations like <code>max</code>, <code>cumsum</code>, etc. on an on-disk array like PyTables or h5py.</p> <pre><code>import h5py d = h5py.File('myfile.hdf5')['/data'] import dask.array as da x = da.from_array(d, chunks=(1000, 1000)) </code></pre> <p>X looks and feels like a numpy a...
numpy|pandas|pytables|h5py|blaze
3
365,643
21,036,348
Numpy, sorting based on column twice
<p>I have data that looks like this:</p> <pre><code>[[ 361 2 2] [ 259 4 3] [ 361 6 5] [ 259 8 5] ... ] </code></pre> <p>In the original data, the first column is a <code>person id</code>, the second column is a <code>test id</code>, while the third is <code>mark</code> (for example).</p> <p>I want...
<p>It would be great if you could provide a minimum data set and an expected output, but from your description, if your person and test id's are consecutive integers starting at 0, and you have no repeated person-test pair, you can simply do:</p> <pre><code>people, tests = np.max(data[:, :2], axis=0) sorted_scores = n...
python|numpy
0
365,644
2,641,701
storing record arrays in object arrays
<p>I'd like to convert a list of record arrays -- dtype is (uint32, float32) -- into a numpy array of dtype <code>np.object</code>: </p> <pre><code>X = np.array(instances, dtype = np.object) </code></pre> <p>where <code>instances</code> is a list of arrays with data type <code>np.dtype([('f0', '&lt;u4'), ('f1', '&lt;...
<p>Stéfan van der Walt (a numpy developer) <a href="http://numpy-discussion.10968.n7.nabble.com/Structured-array-inititialization-weirdness-td23335.html#a23337" rel="nofollow noreferrer">explains</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>The ndarray constructor does its best to guess what kind of data you are feeding it, but som...
python|numpy
2
365,645
3,157,374
How do you 'remove' a numpy array from a list of numpy arrays?
<p>If I have a list of numpy arrays, then using remove method returns a value error.</p> <p>For example:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np l = [np.array([1,1,1]),np.array([2,2,2]),np.array([3,3,3])] l.remove(np.array([2,2,2])) </code></pre> <p>Would give me </p> <blockquote> <p>ValueError: The truth value of an...
<p>The problem here is that when two numpy arrays are compared with ==, as in the remove() and index() methods, a numpy array of boolean values (the element by element comparisons) is returned which is interpretted as being ambiguous. A good way to compare two numpy arrays for equality is to use numpy's array_equal() f...
python|numpy
15
365,646
2,417,794
How to make the angles in a matplotlib polar plot go clockwise with 0° at the top?
<p>I am using matplotlib and numpy to make a polar plot. Here is some sample code:</p> <pre><code>import numpy as N import matplotlib.pyplot as P angle = N.arange(0, 360, 10, dtype=float) * N.pi / 180.0 arbitrary_data = N.abs(N.sin(angle)) + 0.1 * (N.random.random_sample(size=angle.shape) - 0.5) P.clf() P.polar(angl...
<p>Updating this question, in Matplotlib 1.1, there are now two methods in <code>PolarAxes</code> for setting the theta direction (CW/CCW) and location for theta=0. </p> <p>Check out <a href="http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/devel/add_new_projection.html#matplotlib.projections.polar.PolarAxes" rel="noreferrer">http...
python|numpy|matplotlib|plot
33
365,647
63,361,688
rolling statistics in numpy or pytroch
<p>I have a tensors data of sensors, each tensor is of shape (4,1500) This is 1500 timepoints and for each time point I have 4 features. I want to &quot;smooth&quot; the sequences with rolling average or other rolling statistics. The end goal is to try to improve an lstm autoencoder with rolling statistics instead of t...
<p>Since you're striding the output by the size of the window this is actually more akin to downsampling by averaging than to a computing rolling statistics. We can take advantage of the fact that there are no overlaps by simply reshaping the initial tensor.</p> <hr /> <h3>Using <code>Tensor.reshape</code></h3> <p>Assu...
python|pandas|numpy|pytorch
2
365,648
63,658,141
How to annotate pandas date-time format in Matplotlib like Plotly?
<p>How to add annotate text example <code>1st Lockdown, 2nd Lockdown</code> in Matplotlib like Plotly?</p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/4WDsN.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/4WDsN.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/s8axf.p...
<p>Here is an example using <a href="https://matplotlib.org/3.3.1/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.axes.Axes.annotate.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>ax.annotate</code></a>, as another answer suggested:</p> <pre><code>import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd dr = pd.date_range('02-01-2020', '07-01-2020', freq='...
python|pandas|matplotlib
7
365,649
63,661,197
Latent vector variance much larger in CoreML than PyTorch
<p>I have a PyTorch model that I've converted to CoreML. In PyTorch, the inferred latent vector's values range to a limit of around ±1.6, but the converted mlmodel varies as much as ±55.0. What might be causing this huge discrepancy? The conversion is pretty straightforward:</p> <pre><code>encoder = Encoder_CNN(latent_...
<p>You probably are using different input normalization for PyTorch and Core ML. Your <code>img_in</code> consists of values between 0 and 1. I don't see the inference code for Core ML, but your input pixels are probably between 0 and 255 there. You can fix this by specifying image preprocessing settings when you conve...
pytorch|coreml
1
365,650
63,601,854
Pivot multiple combination - Dataframe - Python
<p>I have an dataframe with multiple combination with their respective rankings as shown below:</p> <pre><code>+--------------+--------------+--------------+------+ | Combination1 | Combination2 | Combination3 | Rank | +--------------+--------------+--------------+------+ | VAR1 : VAL11 | VAR2 : VAL21 | VAR3 : VAL31 | ...
<p>I tried separating the columns and values along with the rank, renamed them and then union-ed it.</p> <pre><code>+-----------+-----------+-------+ +-----------+-----------+-------+ | Comb_Col1 | Comb_Val1 | Rank | | Comb_Col1 | Comb_Val1 | Rank | +-----------+-----------+-------+ +-----------+-----------+...
python|python-3.x|pandas|pivot
0
365,651
63,488,261
Conditional replacement across data frames using Pandas
<p>I am rather new to Python and have a question about conditional replacement across data frames.</p> <p>I have two data frames, A and B and I would like to update the dates in A with the dates in B whenever there are matching id (nid).</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np nid1 = (1, 3, 4, 8) date1 =...
<p>You can use <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.combine_first.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>combine_first</code></a>:</p> <pre><code>print (dfb.set_index(&quot;nid&quot;).combine_first(dfa.set_index(&quot;nid&quot;))) date info nid ...
python|pandas|dataframe|replace|conditional-statements
3
365,652
63,683,290
pandas construct multi index for columns
<p>How can I construct a multi-index in pandas for an example dataframe of:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame({'day':['2020-01-01', '2020-01-02'], 'value_mean':[1,5], 'value_max':[40,100]}) </code></pre> <p>Transform the existing:</p> <pre><code> day value_mean value_max 0 2020-01-01 ...
<p>There is problem join no <code>Multiindex</code> with <code>MultiIndex columns</code>, only trick should be use empty strings for second level:</p> <pre><code>df.columns = df.columns.str.split('_', expand=True) df = df.rename(columns = lambda x: x if pd.notna(x) else '') print (df) day value ...
python|pandas|multi-index
2
365,653
63,601,707
Calculating the share of each code, by ID
<p>I have this data-frame:</p> <pre><code>ID code X X_total A 456 40 40 A 789 0 40 B 123 75 100 B 987 25 100 C 789 13 91 C 987 0 91 C 123 35 91 C 456 43 91 </code></pre> <p>I want the calculate the <em>share</em> of each code (from <cod...
<p>Let us do <code>crosstab</code></p> <pre><code>s = pd.crosstab(df.ID, df.code, df.X ,aggfunc='sum', normalize='index').add_prefix(&quot;share_&quot;) Out[70]: code 123 456 789 987 ID A 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00 B 0.750000 0.000000 0.000000...
python|pandas|numpy
4
365,654
63,482,695
Task: I am trying to create a pandas dataframe from a list of dictionaries. Problem: This creates a dataframe for each dictionary item
<p>I am trying to create a dataframe from three lists which I have generated using webscraped data. However, when I try and turn these lists into dictionaries and then use them to build my pandas dataframe it outputs a dataframe for each dictionary item (row) rather than one dataframe including all of these items as ro...
<p>Firstly you should do <code>price_list=[]</code> and <code>bedroom_list=[]</code> and <code>bathroom_list=[]</code> before your <code>for</code> loop - otherwise they were 1-element long at most as it in every turn they would be reseted to <code>[]</code> then appended with single element. Secondly if you wish to ha...
python|pandas|dataframe|dictionary
1
365,655
63,428,536
How to add two dataframes
<p>Hi I am trying to append one dataframe to another</p> <pre><code>Name roll_no House John A_1 Red Mark A_2 Green Twain N_1 Yellow Mark A_2 Red </code></pre>
<p>You can concat both using <code>pd.concat</code> and then remove duplicates rows using <code>drop_duplicates</code></p> <pre><code>pd.concat([df1,df2]).drop_duplicates() Name ID House 0 John A_1 Red 1 Mark A_2 Red 2 Twain N_1 Yellow 1 Mark A_2 Green </code></pre>
python|pandas|dataframe
0
365,656
63,612,982
Python pandas: Get first values of group
<p>I have a list of recorded diagnoses like this:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame({ &quot;DiagnosisTime&quot;: [&quot;2017-01-01 08:23:00&quot;, &quot;2017-01-01 08:23:00&quot;, &quot;2017-01-01 08:23:03&quot;, &quot;2017-01-01 08:27:00&quot;, &quot;2019-12-31 20:19:39&quot;, &quot;2019-12-31 20:19:39&quot;], ...
<p>You can add lambda function with <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.transform.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>GroupBy.transform</code></a> and <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.factorize.html" rel="nofollow nore...
python|pandas|pandas-groupby
1
365,657
63,395,480
Pandas scoring n.lowest value of each date into a new column
<p>I have been spending too long for this what should be easy but..</p> <p>I have dataset:</p> <pre><code> date score1 score2 0 1.8.2020 10 11 1 1.8.2020 15 10 2 1.8.2020 16 7 3 2.8.2020 8 7 4 2.8.2020 2 9 5 2.8.2020 6 8 6 3.8.202...
<p>This is an application of <code>rank</code>:</p> <pre><code>rank = df.groupby('date')['score1'].rank(method='dense')-1 df['result1'] = rank.eq(1).astype(int) </code></pre> <p>Output:</p> <pre><code> date score1 score2 result1 0 1.8.2020 10 11 0 1 1.8.2020 15 10 1 2 1...
python|pandas|dataframe|group-by
1
365,658
63,509,939
How to merge two dataframes with preserving the same order of one of them?
<p>I have two <strong>large</strong> dataframes and I want to merge them with the same order of the first one (dataframe).</p> <p>for simplisity, I will create dummy data.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd data = {'name': pd.Series(['A','A','A','B',&quot;C&quot;,'C','C']), 'text': pd.Series(['txt2','txt1','tx...
<p>try first <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.stack.html#pandas-dataframe-stack" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>DataFrame.stack</code></a> then <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.merge.html#pandas-dataframe-merge" rel...
python|python-3.x|pandas|dataframe|merge
1
365,659
63,517,650
pandas convert integer to time
<p>I have time column in seconds like this</p> <pre><code>100 100000 235900 </code></pre> <p>I want to convert to time format, i.e.</p> <pre><code>00:01 01:00 23:59 </code></pre> <p>I have tried</p> <pre><code>time = pd.to_datetime(temp['time'], format='%H%M%S').dt.time </code></pre> <p>but it throw</p> <pre><code>Valu...
<p>Use <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.str.zfill.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>Series.str.zfill</code></a> with convert integers to strings:</p> <pre><code>time = pd.to_datetime(temp['time'].astype(str).str.zfill(6), format='%H%M%S').dt.time print (time) 0 00:...
pandas|time
1
365,660
63,553,871
If-else statement with group_by in Pandas dataframe
<p>I’ve a pd df consists four columns: <code>ID</code>, <code>t</code>, <code>x1</code> and <code>x2</code>.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd dat = {'ID': [1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,5,5,6,6,6], 't': [0,1,2,3,0,1,2,0,1,2,3,0,1,2,0,1,0,1,2], 'x1' : [3.5,3.5,3.5,3.5,2.01,2.01,2.01,3.9,3.9,3.9,3.9,2.2,2...
<p>We can combine <code>transform</code> <code>max</code> with <code>np.where</code></p> <pre><code>df['y'] = np.where(df.t != df.groupby('ID').t.transform('max'), 1, df.x1-df.x2+1) df Out[221]: ID t x1 x2 y 0 1 0 3.50 4 1.00 1 1 1 3.50 4 1.00 2 1 2 3.50 4 1.00 3 1 3 3.50 4 ...
python|pandas|if-statement
3
365,661
63,374,659
Pandas MultiIndex single level look up is much slower than alternative access patterns
<p>I have this isolated code snippet that should be self-explanatory:</p> <pre><code>import string import itertools import numpy as np import timeit index = list(itertools.product(range(100_000), string.ascii_uppercase)) df = pd.DataFrame(index, columns=['i', 'p']) df['n'] = np.random.randn(len(df)) df_2 = df.set_ind...
<p>I need to update my answer, since some additional timings show completely different results:</p> <pre><code>import string import itertools import numpy as np import timeit index = list(itertools.product(range(100_000), string.ascii_uppercase)) df = pd.DataFrame(index, columns=['i', 'p']) df['n'] = np.random.randn(...
python|pandas
1
365,662
63,558,553
How do we create a dictionary from a dataframe?
<p>dataframe is like below:</p> <pre><code>ENV INVOCATION SSM_ID ANA_ID VALUE env1 invo1 A oas 1.6 env1 invo1 A default 2.0 env1 invo1 B oas 0.8 env1 invo2 C oas 0.4 env2 invo1 A oas 3.1 env2 invo2 B default 0.6 <...
<p>Just <code>set_index</code> to all the columns except VALUE:</p> <pre><code>print (df.set_index(list(df.columns[:-1]))[&quot;VALUE&quot;].to_dict()) {('env1', 'invo1', 'A', 'oas'): 1.6, ('env1', 'invo1', 'A', 'default'): 2.0, ('env1', 'invo1', 'B', 'oas'): 0.8, ('env1', 'invo2', 'C', 'oas'): 0.4, ('env2', 'invo...
python|pandas|dataframe|dictionary
2
365,663
63,560,484
Bad predictions but good model accuracy using GCN
<p>I am using Graph Convolutional Network for Information Extraction from an Image with OCR Results. my Training set has a 45-50 set of data. At training the model I am able to get 85-90 percentage Accuracy with loss of 0.63094 But with that model when I try to predict it gives bad results. Please Help me to solve this...
<p>This may be because of a few things.</p> <ol> <li><strong>don't have enough data</strong></li> <li><strong>your features aren't sufficient for reliable predictions</strong></li> <li><strong>you are overfitting</strong></li> </ol> <p>But beyond what you've given I'm not sure. If you can provide some more information ...
python|tensorflow|machine-learning|deep-learning
0
365,664
63,404,849
Backpropagation in Tensorflow.js
<p>I am making an RNN for sentiment classification while using a many to one structure. In order to make my RNN be able to run within an HTML file.</p> <p>To make the question short and simple:</p> <blockquote> <p>What is the Tensorflow.js equivalent of Tensorflow's (the python version) <code>tf.train.GradientDescentOp...
<p>By gradient descent, you probably would prefer stochastic gradient descent (sampling random batches) and it would look like:</p> <pre><code>tf.train.stg(learningRate).minimize(loss) </code></pre> <p>Read more here: <a href="https://js.tensorflow.org/api/latest/#tf.train.Optimizer.minimize" rel="nofollow noreferrer">...
javascript|python|tensorflow|artificial-intelligence|tensorflow.js
1
365,665
63,391,771
How to convert Array to pandas dataframe with datetime ohlcv efficiently, also divide column values by 100?
<p>Following is the json output I am getting from api</p> <pre><code> { &quot;data&quot;: [ [ 1594373520, 43625, 43640, 43565, 43600, 59561 ], [ 1594373820, 43600, 43650, 4...
<p>If you want to run it all together, I think you can also use the following method. Is this the best way to answer your question?</p> <pre><code>df[['open','high','low','close']] = df[['open','high','low','close']].astype(float).div(100) datetime open high low close volume 0 2020-07-10 15:02:00+05:3...
python|pandas
1
365,666
63,388,566
Analyzing learning curves for facial expression recognition
<p>I have a neural network set up in tensorflow (in python) that is operating on the fer2013 dataset (can be found on kaggle). My network architecture is this</p> <pre><code>emotion_model = Sequential() emotion_model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(48,48,1))) emotion_model.add(Conv2D(...
<p>You're quite correct: this is the very definition of over-fitting.</p> <ul> <li>Validation and training losses diverge</li> <li>Validation and training accuracies diverge</li> <li>Validation loss later increases</li> </ul> <p>In general, we also expect that the validation loss will reach a relative minimum at about ...
python|tensorflow|machine-learning|keras
1
365,667
63,553,375
Outputting all values of an large tensor in Tensorflow.js
<p>I have an <code>[174,48]</code> dimensional tensor and I would like to output <strong>all</strong> (without them being compressed in a manner similar to <a href="https://ibb.co/Jm2LW59" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> values of it into the developer console present in the browser. How would I be able to achieve t...
<p><strong>Example</strong></p> <pre class="lang-js prettyprint-override"><code>const tensor = tf.tensor([[1, 2], [3, 4]]); console.log(JSON.stringify(tensor.arraySync())); // [[1,2],[3,4]] </code></pre> <p><a href="https://js.tensorflow.org/api/latest/#tf.Tensor.arraySync" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>tensor.array...
javascript|tensorflow|output|tensor|tensorflow.js
1
365,668
63,436,424
ValueError: Argument U has a size 4 which does not match 1, the number of arrow positions
<p><strong>Code:</strong></p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib import colors import math as mt from numpy import linalg as LA from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D from sklearn.datasets import fetch_olivetti_faces %matplotlib inline x=np.array([1,0]) # Original vector the...
<p>So I am not sure if you are using an older or newer version of quiver which doesn't support the <code>t1[:,0]</code> notation, but what it is expecting is a single value for each <code>t1</code>'s. So it should be broken up into 2 lines and look like</p> <pre><code>ax1.quiver(x_pos, y_pos, t1[0,0], t1[0,1], color=['...
python|numpy|matplotlib|jupyter-notebook
0
365,669
63,326,772
Does pandas df.to_sql() rollback?
<p>I am using pandas to write data to an SQL database via SQLalchemy.</p> <p>I am loading data to a DataFrame and then using the to_sql() method.</p> <p>Does the pandas to_sql() method rollback? As in, if an error occurs during the insertion of the data to the database, can I roll it back to the original?</p>
<p>Using the context manager, rollback is taken care of automatically if there's an error:</p> <pre><code>with engine.begin() as conn: df1.to_sql(con=conn, ...) df2.to_sql(con=conn, ...) </code></pre> <p>For more information, read this: <a href="https://capelastegui.wordpress.com/2018/05/21/commit-and-rollback-...
python-3.x|pandas|sqlalchemy
2
365,670
63,653,124
Extracting a nested tuples from list (Python)
<p>I have a list that has nested tuples.</p> <pre><code>nested = [['53062423-690f-4923-8f65-db710c038566', [('12253996-b2f7-46c7-b49f-09ca87cac84f', 'AFC_PoCv1.0'), ('b17bd025-611f-4728-9396-e59388ee59f6', 'Customer Profitability Sample'), ('b4a5d199-2c6f-4f8d-9fcb-5e4971254f73', 'Jammers vs Floaty Pants')]], ['988f64e...
<p>We do <code>explode</code></p> <pre><code>s = pd.DataFrame(nested,columns=['c1','c2']).explode('c2').reset_index(drop=True) # if only need to split the tuple , you do not need to do the next steps </code></pre> <hr /> <p>Split the tuple into single columns</p> <pre><code>s = s.join(pd.DataFrame(s['c2'].tolist())) s...
python|pandas|list-comprehension
2
365,671
63,320,721
How to click on next button to scrape data from all pages using selenium python?
<p>I've just started learning data scraping. I am using Selenium for that and storing the data in excel sheet. The issue is I am not able to figure out that how do I make selenium to loop click on next pages and scrape their data too until the pages run out. To understand it better below is my complete code.</p> <pre><...
<p>Try a while loop, it would look something like this:</p> <pre><code>links = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('[rel=next]') while len(links) &gt; 0: driver.get(links[0].get_attribute('href')) # do stuff links = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('[rel=next]') </code></pre>
python|python-3.x|pandas|selenium|web-scraping
1
365,672
63,681,625
Pandas UDF (PySpark) - Incorrect type Error
<p>I'm trying entity extraction with spaCy and Pandas UDF (PySpark) but I get an error.<br /> Using a UDF works without errors but is slow. What am I doing wrong?</p> <p>Loading the model every time is to avoid load error - <code> Can't find model 'en_core_web_lg'. It doesn't seem to be a shortcut link, a Python packag...
<p>You need to see the input as <code>pd.Series</code> instead of single value</p> <p>I was able to get it working by refactoring the code a bit. Notice <code>x.apply</code> call which is pandas specific and applies function to a <code>pd.Series</code>.</p> <pre><code>def entities(x): global nlp import spacy ...
pandas|apache-spark|pyspark|user-defined-functions|spacy
1
365,673
63,323,464
how to get the correct embedding from Roberta transformers?
<p>I got confused by which hidden state should I use as the output of fine-tuned Roberta transformer models.</p> <pre><code>from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForMaskedLM, AutoTokenizer config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(&quot;roberta-base&quot;) config.output_hidden_states = True tok = AutoTokenizer.from_...
<p><code>output[-1][-1]</code> is correct if you are looking for the output of the last encoding layer. You can figure this out by looking at the <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/6e8a38568eb874f31eb49c42285c3a634fca12e7/src/transformers/modeling_bert.py#L419" rel="nofollow noreferrer">source co...
bert-language-model|huggingface-transformers
0
365,674
63,565,465
New Dataframe Column Name based on old data - issue with code
<p>I had a piece of code that used to work to generate a new field based on server names truncated. Essentially I wanted to only use the first 11 characters in a string.</p> <p>This used to be</p> <pre><code>df['newname'] = df.(ServerName).str[:11] </code></pre> <p>However the source of the servername (api) has been ch...
<p>You can just use this syntax for accessing columns:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; df = pd.DataFrame(['aa', 'ab', 'ac', 'cd'], columns=['column:name']) &gt;&gt;&gt; df['newname'] = df['column:name'].str[:1] &gt;&gt;&gt; df column:name newname 0 aa a 1 ab a 2 ac a 3 ...
python|pandas
1
365,675
63,371,291
Update for Dataframe python check if string in column is in another column
<p>I asked this question on <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/63370246/13666184">pandas dataframe-python check if string exists in another column ignoring upper/lower case</a> but i have a new update</p> <p>I have a new row in a new dataframe :</p> <pre><code>Id CompanyName ...
<p>try this,</p> <pre><code>mask = ( df.apply(lambda x : x['CompanyName'].split(&quot;-&quot;)[0].strip().lower() in x['EDescription'].lower(), axis=1) ) df[mask] </code></pre> <hr /> <pre><code> Id ... EDescription 0 4 ... Project manager at finance company </code></pre>
python|pandas|dataframe
0
365,676
63,581,332
How to calculate a simple function for different groups of the same dataframe?
<p>I have a dataframe (df)</p> <pre><code> Index A B 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 </code></pre> <p>and generated 20 resample data from this original data set all combined in one big data frame.</p> <p>For instance:</p> <pre><code> Resample Nr. Index A B ...
<p>You can use df.apply() function</p> <pre><code>def sum_func(df): # defined funtion return (df['A']+ df['B']/df['A']) df = pd.DataFrame({'A':[1,2,3], 'B':[1,2,3]} ) # dataframe # new column df['C'] = df.apply(sum_func, axis=1) # function applied on dataframe #Output A B C 0 1 1 2.0 1 2 ...
python|pandas|numpy
0
365,677
63,446,766
How to print all the columns in single line from dataframe on Jenkins console?
<pre><code> I have created a data frame which contains lot of columns: for eg. col1 col2 col3 col4 col4 col5 col6 col7 and each row contains plenty of data in it. I tried this: </code></pre> <p>pd.set_option('expand_frame_repr', False)</p> <p>pd.set_option('display.max_rows', None)</p> <p...
<p>you could use to_string</p> <pre><code>print(data_frame[row:row].to_string()) </code></pre>
python|pandas|dataframe
0
365,678
63,578,840
Can anyone suggest better ASSERT method to compare two columns of a single dataframe in pytest?
<p>I am using <strong>pytest</strong> for comparing two columns of a dataframe by using below <code>assert</code> method</p> <pre><code>def test_compare(): np.testing.assert_almost_equal(v['col1'].values, v['col2'].values, decimal=4,verbose=True) </code></pre> <p>but the issue with this <code>assert_almost_equal()...
<p>You can use <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.isclose.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>np.isclose</code></a> for these situations, where you can control the precision if you wish</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>assert np.all(np.isclose(v['col1'].values, v['col2'...
python|pandas|numpy|testing|pytest
0
365,679
63,648,506
numpy select multiple ranges from a 1d array
<p>Let's say I have a 1D array of values:</p> <pre><code>T = np.array([1.3, 8.9, 1.4, 3.2, 4.4, 7.0, 2.0, 6.9] </code></pre> <p>and I have a list of start indices:</p> <pre><code>I = np.array([5, 2, 4, 1]) </code></pre> <p>For each start index, I would like to grab <code>m</code> consecutive values from <code>T</code> ...
<p>Here's an answer that does not require installing additional dependencies:</p> <pre><code>def rolling_window(a, window): a = np.asarray(a) shape = a.shape[:-1] + (a.shape[-1] - window + 1, window) strides = a.strides + (a.strides[-1],) return np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(a, shape=shape, strides=s...
python|arrays|numpy|indexing
0
365,680
63,588,328
Minimum absolute difference between elements in two numpy arrays
<p>Consider two 1d numpy arrays.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np X = np.array([-43, 21, 4, 6, -1, 22, 8]) Y = np.array([13, 5, -12, 0]) </code></pre> <p>I want to find the value(s) from <code>X</code> that have the <strong>minimum absolute difference</strong> with the value(s) from <code>Y</code>. In the example sh...
<p>You can calculate the absolute distance array and then find the minimum in that array. This method works for different <code>X</code> and <code>Y</code> lengths. If they are multi-dimensional, simply flatten them first (using <code>X.flatten()</code>, ...) and apply this solution to the flattened arrays:</p> <p>If y...
python|arrays|numpy
1
365,681
63,518,432
Memory leak issue in tensorflow
<p>I have a memory leak with TensorFlow 1.14. I referred to various GitHub issues and <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44327803/memory-leak-with-tensorflow">Memory leak with TensorFlow</a> to address my issue, and I followed the advice of the answer, that seemed to have solved the problem. However it does n...
<p>I ran into similar issue when I tried to use pre-trained embedding model to generate embedding as input feature set. While using universal-sentence-encoder-4, memory used for generate embedding is not released. Neiether <code>tf.keras.backend.clear_session()</code> nor <code>gc.collect()</code> helped.</p> <p>I ende...
python|tensorflow|keras|memory-leaks
0
365,682
63,320,225
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'rank' When converting Keras Model To CoreML
<p>I am trying to convert my Keras model that contains GRU layers to generate Shakespeares text to a coreml model, although when I try to convert it, I get the error &quot;AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'rank'&quot;. I followed the instructions on <a href="https://coremltools.readme.io/docs/tensorflow-2...
<p>Looks like the error is because of the recurrent_dropout parameter. Removing this parameter solves the error.</p> <p>Also note that I have added batch_size parameter to the first GRU layer. This is necessary because CoreML inputs should be either rank 3 (Seq,B,C) or rank 5 (Seq,B,C,H,W) for RNNs.</p> <p>This is the ...
python|tensorflow|keras|coreml|coremltools
1
365,683
63,597,467
How can I correct my code to create the file to save weights in python?
<p>I want to create a .h5 file to store my weights into it. I will use these weights in validation and testing. This is my code. I don't understand, is my path incorrect or there is something else.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np import h5py hf = h5py.File(r&quot;E:\weights.h5&quot;, 'w') </code></pre> <p>I am not g...
<p>It seems like you're passing the arguments wrong. I don't have experience with h5py, however according to the docs, the line should look like this:</p> <pre><code>hf = h5py.File(&quot;E:\weights.h5&quot;, 'a') </code></pre> <p>The first argument passed is the file itself, whereas the second one is the mode you'd lik...
python|numpy|h5py
0
365,684
63,494,925
Adding a column to pandas dataframe conditionally
<p>I am working on a personal project collecting the data on Covid-19 cases. The data set only shows the total number of Covid-19 cases per state cumulatively. I would like to add a column that contains the new cases added that day. This is what I have so far:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd from datetime import dat...
<p>Because you defined <code>total_cases</code> as a concatenation (via append) of <code>yesterday_cases</code> and <code>day_before_yesterday_cases</code>, its number of rows is equal to the sum of the other two dataframes. It looks like <code>yesterday_cases</code> and <code>day_before_yesterday_cases</code> both ha...
python|pandas
1
365,685
63,585,711
Resampling a timeseries pandas with forward data
<p>My 30min df is like below:</p> <pre><code> open high low close volume t 2020-08-24 09:30:00 514.7900 515.1400 502.240 507.3700 12123388 2020-08-24 10:00:00 507.3200 513.9800 500.000 502.8899 6652496 2020-08-24 10:30:00 502.8190 503.7700 495.745 496.4879 59254...
<p>You should use parameter <code>offset</code> in method <code>pd.resample</code> instead of <code>loffset</code>:</p> <pre><code>df2 = df.resample('1H', offset='30Min').agg({'open': 'first', 'high': 'max', 'low': 'min', ...
python|pandas|time-series
1
365,686
63,552,761
Append the count of the occurrence of the word in python Dataframe
<p>My original data</p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/uu2B0.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/uu2B0.png" alt="" /></a></p> <p>I want to convert the text data into a dataframe which will contain the 500 words like the below picture in which each sentence will contain the occurren...
<pre><code>from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer count_vect = CountVectorizer() X_train_counts = count_vect.fit_transform(twenty_train.data) </code></pre> <p><a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/tutorial/text_analytics/working_with_text_data.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://scikit-lea...
python|pandas|dataframe|nlp
0
365,687
63,345,335
NumPy - Random Seed not working when sample size changes?
<p>Can anyone help me understand why the following code will not keep random_list_2 the same when I change the sample size, say from 3000 to 5000?</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np np.random.seed(2) sample_size = 3000 random_list_1 = np.random.randint(low = 1, high = 3, size = sample_size).tolist() random_list_2 = np....
<p>The seed is only the starting value for the RNG (Random Number Generator). Each random number you generate updates the seed. When you specify a starting seed, then you get a deterministic, reproducible sequence of seed values.</p> <p>When you change the sample size, you change the quantity of updates in the <code>...
python|numpy|random|random-seed
0
365,688
63,659,659
how do you create subarray from 1st column of a 2d array in numpy
<p>Using numpy, how is it possible to take the array</p> <p><code>np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])</code></p> <p>and get out the arrays</p> <p><code>[1,4,7] and [[2,3],[5,6],[8,9]]</code></p>
<p>You can use indexing as such :</p> <pre><code>In [9]: a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]) In [10]: a[:,0] Out[10]: array([1, 4, 7]) In [11]: a[:,1:] Out[11]: array([[2, 3], [5, 6], [8, 9]]) </code></pre>
python|python-3.x|numpy
1
365,689
63,619,435
How to rotate a Torch Tensor by a random number of degrees
<p>as part of training a CNN, I am working with an array <code>inputs</code> that contain <code>&lt;class 'torch.Tensor'&gt;</code> objects. I want to rotate an individual <code>&lt;class 'torch.Tensor'&gt;</code> object by some random number of degrees <code>x</code>, as shown here:</p> <pre><code>def rotate(inputs, x...
<p>To transform an <code>torch.tensor</code> you can use <code>scipy.ndimage.rotate</code> function (read <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.ndimage.rotate.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>),that rotates a <code>torch.tensor</code> but also it converts it to <code>numpy.ndarray</...
python|rotation|pytorch
1
365,690
63,412,782
Pandas DataFrame Filling missing values in a column
<p>I have a large DataFrame with the following columns:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd x = pd.read_csv('age_year.csv') x.head() ID Year age 22445 1991 29925 1991 76165 1991 223725 1991 16.0 280165 1991 </code></pre> <p>The <code>Year</code> column has values ranging from <code>199...
<p>try doing:</p> <pre><code>def get_age(s): present = s.age.notna().idxmax() diff = s.loc[[present]].eval('age - Year').iat[0] s['age'] = diff + s.Year return s df.groupby(['ID']).apply(get_age) </code></pre>
python|pandas|dataframe|missing-data
4
365,691
63,515,366
Value to Assign to Missing Values in uint Numpy Array
<p>A numpy array <code>z</code> is constructed from 2 Python lists <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> where values of <code>y</code> can be <code>0</code> and values of <code>x</code> are not continuously incrementing (i.e. values can be skipped).</p> <p>Since <code>y</code> values can also be <code>0</code>, it will be...
<h1>Solution</h1> <p>You could typically assign <code>np.nan</code> or any other value for the non-existing indices in <code>x</code>.</p> <p>Also, no need for the <em>for loop</em>. You can directly assign all values of <code>y</code> in one line, as I showed here.</p> <p>However, since you are typecasting to <em>uint...
python|python-3.x|numpy|missing-data|numpy-ndarray
2
365,692
63,349,832
pytorch code sudden fails on colab with NVIDIA driver on your system is too old
<p>I had some code which worked on colab (gpu runtime) just a short while ago. Suddenly I am getting</p> <p>The NVIDIA driver on your system is too old (found version 10010).</p> <p>nvcc shows Cuda compilation tools, release 10.1, V10.1.243</p> <p>I tried torch versions 1.5.1, then 1.13.0. Both keep getting this error....
<p>The light-the-torch package is designed to solve exactly this type of issue. Try this:</p> <pre><code>!pip install light-the-torch !ltt install torch torchvision </code></pre>
pytorch|google-colaboratory
8
365,693
63,531,097
Group dataframe by column, then get the top 3 .count() values for another column?
<p>I have a dataframe which I named parking which has multiple columns, in this case Registration State, Violation Code, and Summons Number.</p> <p>For each Registration State, I want the 3 Violation Codes which the highest row count. The best I've been able to get is:</p> <p>parking_state_group = parking.groupby(['Reg...
<p>Lets try</p> <pre><code>df[['Registration State', 'Violation Code', 'Summons Number']].groupby('Registration State')['Summons Number'].nlargest(3).reset_index().rename(columns={'level_1':'Violation Code'}) </code></pre>
python|python-3.x|pandas|pandas-groupby
0
365,694
63,418,873
In decorated tf function, I get error: 'Tensor' object has no attribute 'numpy'
<p>I've looked all over but can't find anyone who's previous answers help.</p> <p>I have a tensorflow model with an @tf.function in it that does the training (tf version 2.3.0). Within the train_step call, I need to pass the data from a tensor on to a numpy function that performs a cwt transform on it. There is (afaik)...
<p>As you have mentioned, as per <code>tf.function</code> rules you can not use <code>.numpy()</code> functions inside <code>tf.fucntion</code>.<br /> There is still some workaround you can do to convert <strong>Tensor to a NumPy array</strong> when graph mode is enabled using <code>eval()</code>.</p> <p>Below is the m...
python|numpy|tensorflow|tensor
1
365,695
63,720,562
Pandas split each row by delimiter into two columns (5GB CSV)
<p>Relatively new and trying to split some data with python from a CSV file. My data is structured as follows:</p> <pre><code>Time| Signature -------------------- 0 | Class1#Method1 1 | Class4#Method5 2 | Class5# &lt;--note that Class 5 has no method </code></pre> <p>What I try to accomplish is to manipulate the ...
<p>You can probably use something like <code>df[['Class','Method']] = df['Signature'].str.split('#',expand=True)</code></p> <p>(from <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37333299/splitting-a-column-by-delimiter-pandas-python">splitting a column by delimiter pandas python</a>)</p>
python|python-3.x|pandas
1
365,696
63,455,207
Iterating over sub-folders and converting file format from txt to csv
<p>For a current project, I am planning to run through a number of sub-folders, each of them containing the files <code>num.txt</code> and <code>sub.txt</code> (but all having a different content).</p> <p>I have already attempted to set up the loops through <code>for subdir, dirs, files in os.walk(rootdir):</code> with...
<p>You keep reading and writing the same two files. All you need to do is to complete the path you hand to <code>pd.read_csv</code>.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>for subdir, dirs, files in os.walk(rootdir): read_file1 = pd.read_csv(os.path.join(subdir, &quot;num.txt&quot;),delimiter=&quot;\t...
python|pandas|loops
1
365,697
63,406,167
Pandas transform method performing slow
<p>I have a canonical Pandas <code>transform</code> example in which performance seems inexplicably slow. I have read the <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54432583/when-should-i-ever-want-to-use-pandas-apply-in-my-code">Q&amp;A on the <code>apply</code> method</a>, which is related but, in my humble opinion...
<p>This answer is due to the insightful comment from @sammywemmy, who deserves all credit and no blame for any inaccuracy here. Because a similar usage of <code>transform</code> is illustrated in the <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/groupby.html#transformation" rel="nofollow noreferrer">...
python|pandas|performance|transform
2
365,698
63,505,224
Reading a particular row in csv file with Python
<p>How to read string row in python?</p> <p>I got a football csv file.</p> <p><a href="https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1920/F1.csv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.football-data.co.uk/mmz4281/1920/F1.csv</a> I would like to retrieve all the lines where there is the PS Germain.</p> <pre><code>import pandas...
<p>You need to select rows from your Pandas DataFrame. You can use the following logic to select rows from Pandas DataFrame based on specific conditions:</p> <p><em>df.loc[df['column name'] condition]</em></p> <p>In pratice that means:</p> <pre><code>result = df.loc[df['HomeTeam'] == 'PS Germain'] </code></pre> <p>You'...
python|pandas|numpy
2
365,699
63,683,496
How to trigger a particular version of lambda from s3 events
<p>I am using lambda as an ETL tool to process raw files coming in the s3 bucket.</p> <p>As time will pass, functionality of lambda function will grow.</p> <p>Each month, I will change lambda function. so, I want to publish version 1,2,3</p> <p>How do I make the s3 bucket trigger particular version of lambda for the fi...
<p>From <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/configuration-aliases.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">AWS Lambda function aliases - Documentation</a>:</p> <blockquote> <p>When you use a resource-based policy to give a service, resource, or account access to your function, the scope of that permission depe...
python-3.x|pandas|amazon-web-services|amazon-s3|aws-lambda
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