Unnamed: 0 int64 0 1.91M | id int64 337 73.8M | title stringlengths 10 150 | question stringlengths 21 64.2k | answer stringlengths 19 59.4k | tags stringlengths 5 112 | score int64 -10 17.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,500 | 46,406,080 | How to speed up append in Python? | <p>My code is something like this:</p>
<pre><code>def fun -> list:
array = ... # creating of array
return array
def fun2:
array2 = []
# some code
for i in range(some_value):
array2.append(fun)
</code></pre>
<p>Note that it isn't known how many values function <strong>fun</strong> retur... | <p>If you take a look at the <a href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/TimeComplexity" rel="nofollow noreferrer">time complexity table</a> of different python operations on lists, you can see that that the speed of appending k elements to a list is always the same regardless to the number of elements to append.</p> | python|append | 0 |
2,501 | 49,344,890 | duplicate key value violates unique constraint .... Django error | <p>I am trying to make a 'get' query on a model. The parameters that i'm using to query the model are foreign keys(both of them).
The models looks something like this...</p>
<pre><code>class model_1(models.Model):
field_1 = models.ForeignKey(model_2)
field_2 = models.CharField(max_length = 512)
field_3 = ... | <p>You are trying to create a unique index on (field_1, field_3) which already have duplicate data.
Please check your data there must be 2 rows with the same value of field_1 and field_3 ie.(1339, 5), which is violating the unique constraint.</p> | python|django|model|key|unique | 0 |
2,502 | 21,013,656 | How to fetch data from AngularJS to Python Script | <p>I am new for python so if you can help me to solve my problem. I want fetch Username and Password
from angularjs to python script In my python script then what mechanism i want to follow to achieve this gole. </p>
<hr>
<p>html code</p>
<pre><code><form action="" method="post" id="homeTitle">
<table wid... | <p>It seems you have tagged this post as Django but have not used Django yet. I suggest that you read the <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/intro/tutorial01/" rel="nofollow">Django tutorial</a> and solve this. <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/intro/tutorial04/" rel="nofollow">Part 4</a> cover... | angularjs|python-2.7 | 3 |
2,503 | 21,114,246 | Django ModelAdmin Fieldset within fieldset | <p>What I've been asked create is an admin page with the following layout:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Fieldset 1 name</p>
<ul>
<li>Section 1 name
<ul>
<li>field 1</li>
<li>field 2</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Fieldset 2 name</p>
<ul>
<li>Section 2 name
<ul>
<li>field 3</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>and so on.</p>
... | <p>Unfortunately you're out of luck, the Django admin <a href="https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/10590" rel="nofollow">does not support nested fieldsets</a> and has no way to output other structural tags, except by customising the templates.</p>
<p>You can have a look at:<br>
<a href="http://django-betterforms.rea... | python|django | 2 |
2,504 | 70,149,929 | Tkinter Photo Image Issues | <p>I am trying to run sample code and I am running into a problem where sublime says "_tkinter.TclError: couldn't recognize data in image file "C:\Users\atave\Dropbox\Python\tkinter Python Tutorial\Labels\prac.png". Can anyone tell me why? I have already set up sublime as an exception in the firewall, do... | <p>the <code>tk.PhotoImage</code> doesn't work that well with <code>.png</code> files. I would suggest conversion to <code>.bmp</code> file or using PIL(Pillow) module- <code>tk.PhotoImage(ImageTk.PhotoImage(file="C:\\Users\\atave\\Dropbox\\Python\\tkinter Python Tutorial\\Labels\\prac.png")</code></p>
<p>The... | python|tkinter | -1 |
2,505 | 46,167,783 | Python - multiplication between a variable that belong to the same class | <p>How to set a class variable return to other data type (list or int)?</p>
<p>So I have two variable that is belong to the same class and I want to use the operator for example multiplication to both of the variables, but It cannot be done because both of them have the class data type.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre>... | <p>To get this to work, do this:</p>
<pre><code>otherclass = other.x*other.y
</code></pre>
<p>instead of</p>
<pre><code>otherclass = other
</code></pre>
<p>This will mean otherclass is an int and the multiplication will work.</p> | python|python-3.x|class|oop | 1 |
2,506 | 54,882,027 | Inner workings of NumPy's logical_and.reduce | <p>I'm wondering how does <code>np.logical_and.reduce()</code> work.</p>
<p>If I look at <a href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/reference/generated/numpy.logical_and.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">logical_and</a> documentation it presents it as a function with certain parameters. But when it is used with <e... | <p>I'm not sure what your question is. Using Pythons help the parameters to reduce are as shown below. <code>reduce</code> acts as a method of the ufunc, it's reduce that takes the arguments at run time.</p>
<pre><code>In [1]: import numpy as np
help(np.logical_and.reduce)
Help on built-in function reduce:
reduce(.... | python|numpy | 1 |
2,507 | 54,789,544 | How can I print every values of each attributes of a class in Python | <p>I want to print each values of a class, but I don't know how to do it. I understand why my method of doing it doesn't work though.</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class test:
def __init__(self, a = 1, b = 2, c = 3):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c
classobject = test... | <p><code>classobject.attr</code> is specifically looking for an attribute named <code>attr</code> in <code>classobject</code>.</p>
<p><code>attr</code> does not get magically replaced at runtime by the appropriate value.</p>
<p>What you need is the <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#getattr" re... | python|python-3.x|class | 2 |
2,508 | 33,086,942 | Pyglet Opengl VBOs | <p>I'm new in pyglet, B4, I've tried to use PyOpenGL with Pygame, but PyOpenGL creates weird NuffFunctionErrors, so I've moved to Pyglet.</p>
<p>I've tried out this code, it runs perfectly:</p>
<pre class="lang-python prettyprint-override"><code>from pyglet.gl import *
window = pyglet.window.Window()
vertices = [
... | <p>Ok, I received the answer in comment, but the problem was that 12 bytes wan't enough 4 six floats.</p>
<p>Each float uses 4 byte.</p> | python|opengl|pyglet | 0 |
2,509 | 33,137,269 | To find the _id of document other than during insertion | <p>I have created several documents and inserted into Mongo DB.I am using python for the same . Is there a way where in I can get the _id of a particular record?
I know that we get the _id during insertion. But if i need to use it at a lateral interval is there a way I can get it by say using the find() command?</p> | <p>You can user the projection to get particular field from the document like this </p>
<p>db.collection.find({query},{_id:1}) this will return only _id </p>
<p><a href="http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.find/" rel="nofollow">http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.f... | python|mongodb | 0 |
2,510 | 29,151,332 | How to parse JSON from python service with unicode? SyntaxError: Unexpected token u | <p>I'm loading json from <a href="http://pythond3jsmashup.appspot.com/chart" rel="nofollow">http://pythond3jsmashup.appspot.com/chart</a> using angular js</p>
<pre><code>$http.get('http://pythond3jsmashup.appspot.com/chart');
</code></pre>
<p>I got this service from a an example of how to get Google BigQuery data as ... | <blockquote>
<p>Angular has a problem with the json parse with unicode.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>No, the problem is that the service literally returns </p>
<pre><code>{u'kind': u'bigquery#queryResponse', ...}`.
</code></pre>
<p>Which is not JSON. That <code>u</code> right after the <code>{</code> is invalid (which is... | python|json|angularjs|unicode|google-bigquery | 5 |
2,511 | 28,932,344 | 'str' object is not callable Python to SQL database | <p>I'm trying to enter details into an SQL database through Python. I have already created the database with fields customerID, firstname, surname, town and telephone.</p>
<p>When running this function, I get the error 'str' object is not callablefor the line where I am trying to INSERT the values of the variables.</... | <p>You forgot a comma between the SQL statement string and the parameters:</p>
<pre><code>c.execute('INSERT INTO Customer VALUES (NULL, ?,?,?,?,)'(firstname, surname, town, telephone))
# ^
</code></pre>
<p>so you effectively do this: <code>"some string"(arg1, arg2... | python | 0 |
2,512 | 29,252,338 | how to print list in a column? | <p>How do i print these function in one column.</p>
<pre><code> item = stock.stock_list(location_name)
for x in sorted(item):
"""Stock list of given location"""
print (x)
for y in sorted(item):
"""Stock price of give location and stock list"""
print ("{0:.2f}".format(stock.stock_price(y)))
for... | <p>For the second question try this:</p>
<pre><code>print "(%s)" % location_id
</code></pre>
<p>If you want to print more variables you can do it like this:</p>
<pre><code>print "%s %s (%s)" % (toptext, location_name, location_id)
</code></pre> | python|python-3.x | 0 |
2,513 | 8,830,216 | How to write Generators , list comprehension in python | <p>When i think about any problem , thinking via list comprehension doesn't come naturally.</p>
<p>Whats the best way to think through this?</p>
<p>Regards
Ashish</p> | <p>Here's how I think through list comprehensions.</p>
<p>1) I need to output a list</p>
<p>2) I'm starting with a list/iterable. </p>
<p>3) I either need to perform an action on all the elements and/or choose specific elements from the original list.</p>
<p>That leads me to the following construction:</p>
<p><cod... | python|list-comprehension | 2 |
2,514 | 8,763,730 | Gunicorn + Subprocesses raises exception [Errno 10] | <p>I've stumbled across a weird exception I haven't been able to resolve... can anyone suggest what is wrong or a new design? I'm running a Gunicorn/Flask application. In the configuration file, I specify some work to do with an <code>on_starting</code> hook [1]. Inside that hook code, I have some code like this (no... | <p>The error turns out to be related to signal handling of <code>SIGCHLD</code>. </p>
<p>The <code>gunicorn</code> arbiter intercepts <code>SIGCHLD</code>, which breaks <code>subprocess.Popen</code>. The <code>subprocess.Popen</code> module requires that <code>SIGCHLD</code> not be intercepted (at least, this is tru... | python|subprocess|flask|python-2.6|gunicorn | 3 |
2,515 | 52,366,326 | Question about Django tutorial official part3 html code | <p>I have a question about the js code when I'am learning on Django official tutorial part3. In the "Raising a 404 error" section, the official code use following code to display the "question_text" in object called "question":</p>
<pre><code>{{ question }}
</code></pre>
<p>I don't understand why this code could work... | <p>Because you defined a <code>__str__</code> for the object:</p>
<pre><code>class Question(models.Model):
# ...
<b>def __str__(self):
return self.question_text</b></code></pre>
<p>Django implicitly calls <code>str(..)</code> over the variables. In case you did not override the <code>__str__</code> ... | python|django | 1 |
2,516 | 52,040,904 | Working with session cookies in Python | <p>I am trying to get access to the Kerio Connect (mailserver) api which uses jsonrpc as a standard for their api.</p>
<p>There is <code>Session.login</code> method that works just fine, I get back a SESSION_CONNECT_WEBADMIN cookie that gets saved in the session:</p>
<pre><code>SESSION_CONNECT_WEBADMIN=2332a56d0203f2... | <p>Working example:</p>
<pre><code>import json
import urllib.request
import http.cookiejar
import ssl
jar = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(jar))
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
server = "https://mail.smkh.ru:4040"
username = "admin"
password =... | python|python-requests | 0 |
2,517 | 51,676,390 | What optimization algorithm is used within the .fit() method in scikit-learn? | <p>I'm curious what's 'under the hood' of <code>model.fit()</code> method from scikit-learn library? If it depends on a particular model, then let's say it's <code>linear_model.LinearRegression.fit()</code>.</p> | <p>It is dependent on the particular model. Some methods have analytical solutions, like Linear-, Ridge- and Kernel Ridge regression. Some methods like neural networks use numerical solvers. In some cases the documentation has details on the exact methods used, or have options to set it yourself.</p> | python|machine-learning|scikit-learn | 1 |
2,518 | 19,152,578 | No handlers could be found for logger paramiko | <p>I am using paramiko module for ssh connection.I am facing below problem:</p>
<p>No handlers could be found for logger
I am not getting the reason of this problem.I tried to get solution from below link but not able to get reason.
<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15437700/no-handlers-could-be-found-for-l... | <p>I found the solution from <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouvps.com%2F%3Fp%3D869" rel="noreferrer">this website</a>.</p>
<p>Basically, you just need to add a line:</p>
<pre><code>paramiko.util.log_to_file("filename.log")
</code></pre>
<p>Then all... | python | 26 |
2,519 | 18,991,907 | Creating a C++ Wrapper in Python using .dylib | <p>I'm basically trying to develop a Wrapper in Python that can access a library I have developed in C++. At the minute, it is very basic, as this is just for testing purposes. </p>
<p>In my .h file I have the following:</p>
<pre><code>#include <iostream>
class Foo {
public:
void bar() {
std::c... | <p>The <code>ctypes</code> library doesn't know about c++, you need to write your shared library in c if you want to use <code>ctypes</code>.</p>
<p>You can look at something like <a href="http://www.swig.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.swig.org</a> instead, which can hook into a shared library written in c++.</p> | c++|python|macos|wrapper | 1 |
2,520 | 62,065,917 | How do I put together members of two Python lists that have the same indexes? | <p>How do I combine the first member of a list in Python with the first member of the second list as well as the second member of the first list with the second member of the second list? And will this happen until the last members of the lists go ahead?</p> | <p>This is a basic zip function. For example:</p>
<pre><code>list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
list_2 = ["s", "u", "p"]
final_list = list(zip(list_1, list_2))
print(final_list)
</code></pre>
<p>This will return a list of tuples such that the first value from the first list is paired with the first value of the second list, iterati... | python | 1 |
2,521 | 56,090,186 | Class variables - missing one required positional argument | <p>I have two scripts. The first containing a class, with class variables defined and a function using those class variables. The second script calls the class and function within a function of it's own.</p>
<p>This sort of set up works fine for functions inside a class, however adding class variables is causing me th... | <p>As the commentors have pointed out, since the <code>test_func</code> is a class method, we need to call it using a class instance object.</p>
<p>Also <code>print</code> function returns None, so doing <code>new_var = print(var, self.test1, self.test2, self.test3)</code> assigns <code>new_var=None</code>, so if you ... | python|python-3.x | 1 |
2,522 | 19,576,978 | How to retrieve model column value dynamically in python | <p>Suppose I have a model object. </p>
<pre><code>print (dir(table))
['...', 'col1', 'col2', '...']
# this will output column 1 value
print (table.col1)
</code></pre>
<p>I would like to do it dynamically, for example:</p>
<pre><code>col = 'col1'
table.col
</code></pre>
<p>Thx</p> | <p>You want to use <code>getattr</code> when doing dynamic attribute retrieval in python:</p>
<pre><code>col = 'col1'
getattr(table, col)
</code></pre> | python|sqlalchemy | 2 |
2,523 | 22,348,668 | PCA decomposition with python: features relevances | <p>I'm following now next topic: <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14205941/how-can-i-use-pca-svd-in-python-for-feature-selection-and-identification">How can I use PCA/SVD in Python for feature selection AND identification?</a>
Now, we decompose our data set in Python with PCA method and use for this the <c... | <blockquote>
<p>what the input features proportions has every PCA component (to know, which features are much important for us). How is possible to do it?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The <code>components_</code> array has shape <code>(n_components, n_features)</code> so <code>components_[i, j]</code> is already giving you ... | python|scikit-learn|pca | 7 |
2,524 | 43,860,337 | How can I locate to this image by using selenium (python script)? | <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/LeMNk.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/LeMNk.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>
<p>I would like to know how to use selenium to locate to this img location by using selenium by using python script.
I have tried:</p>
<pre><code>driver... | <p>The tooltip is inside <code><iframe></code> tag, you need to switch to it first</p>
<pre><code># switch to the iframe
iframe = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('iframe')
driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)
# close the tooltip
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#welcome-tooltip-dialog > .close').click()
# swi... | python|selenium | 1 |
2,525 | 9,088,957 | SQLAlchemy cannot find a class name | <p>Simplified, I have the following class structure (in a single file):</p>
<pre><code>Base = declarative_base()
class Item(Base):
__tablename__ = 'item'
id = Column(BigInteger, primary_key=True)
# ... skip other attrs ...
class Auction(Base):
__tablename__ = 'auction'
id = Column(BigInteger, ... | <p>This all turned out to be because of the way I've set SQLAlchemy up in Pyramid. Essentially you need to follow <a href="http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid_cookbook/en/latest/database/sqlalchemy.html#importing-all-sqlalchemy-models">this section</a> to the letter and make sure you use the same <code>decla... | python|sqlalchemy|pyramid|relationships | 38 |
2,526 | 39,108,464 | Running two separate (non-nested) for loops within one CSV file | <p>I am currently trying to create a config template using CSV rows and columns as variable output into a text file for one of my network configurations. Here is the code:</p>
<pre><code>import sys
import os
import csv
with open('VRRP Mapping.csv', 'rb') as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
myfile = open('VRRP fix.tx... | <p>You have consumed all lines in your reader object and need to start from the beginning again. Before the second for loop add:</p>
<pre><code>f.seek(0)
</code></pre>
<p>This will bring the pointer back to the beginning of the file so you can loop over it again. <a href="http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/file_see... | python|networking|network-programming | 2 |
2,527 | 39,328,878 | Python fails to compile a regex | <p>I'm trying to detect all <code>set</code> from a cmake file using a python regex, fo the file below:</p>
<pre><code># Library to include
set(LIB_TO_INCLUDE
a
b
c)
# comon code (inclusion in source code)
set(SHARED_TO_INCLUDE d e f)
# Library to include
set(THIRD_PARTY g h)
</code></pre>
... | <p>This should do it: <code>set\(([^)]*?)\)</code></p>
<p>The "single line" modifier is passed as an argument when you compile the regex:</p>
<pre><code>>>> t = """set(LIB_TO_INCLUDE
... a
... b
... c)"""
>>>
>>> pattern = r'set\(([^)]*?)\)'
>>>
>>&... | python|regex | 2 |
2,528 | 26,059,804 | Python3 executing Javascript | <p>I need to execute a Javascript function from Python 3 (pass a few variables into it's environment and collect the result). I found pyv8 and python-spidermonkey, but neither supports Python 3.</p>
<p>Is there a library for that job?</p> | <p>What you can always do:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Install Node.Js binaries on the server-side</p></li>
<li><p>Write a script as standalone .js file</p></li>
<li><p>Pass input as command-line arguments, pipes (stdin) or files</p></li>
<li><p>Execute the script using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html?h... | javascript|python|python-3.x | 1 |
2,529 | 26,211,308 | preclassified trained twitter comments for categorization | <p>So I have some 1 million lines of twitter comments data in csv format. I need to classify them in certain categories like if somebody is talking about : "product longevity", "cheap/costly", "on sale/discount" etc. </p>
<p>As you can see I have multiple classes to classify these tweets data into.
The thing is that ... | <blockquote>
<p>The thing is that how do I even generate/create a training data for
such a huge data</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I would suggest finding a training data set that could help you with the categories you are interested in. So let's say price related articles, you might want to find a training data set that i... | python|twitter|machine-learning|classification|nltk | 0 |
2,530 | 1,462,003 | Django forms: how to display media (javascript) for a DateTimeInput widget? | <p>Hello (please excuse me for my bad english ;) ),</p>
<p>Imagine the classes bellow:</p>
<p><strong>models.py</strong></p>
<pre><code>from django import models
class MyModel(models.Model):
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, verbose_name=_('content type'))
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField... | <p>The standard DateTimeWidget doesn't include any javascript. The widget used in the admin is a different one - <code>django.contrib.admin.widgets.AdminSplitDateTime</code> - and this includes the javascript.</p> | python|django|django-models|django-admin|django-forms | 5 |
2,531 | 1,953,958 | deleting old folders with datetime function | <p>I am trying to delete old folders and I am asking does anyone know how to set up a variable that allows me to check the variable 'todaystr' which is today's date and minus 7 days of this string and store it another variable. I am wanting to automatically delete old files after a week. Below shows the variable 'today... | <pre><code>import datetime
import os
import shutil
threshold = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=-7)
file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(os.path.getmtime('/folder_name'))
if file_time < threshold:
shutil.rmtree('/folder_name')
</code></pre> | python | 4 |
2,532 | 1,352,980 | Multiprocessing debug techniques | <p>I'm having trouble debugging a multi-process application (specifically using a process pool in python's multiprocessing module). I have an apparent deadlock and I do not know what is causing it. The stack trace is not sufficient to describe the issue, as it only displays code in the multiprocessing module.</p>
<p>A... | <p>Yah, debugging deadlocks is fun. You can set the logging level to be higher -- see <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html" rel="noreferrer">the Python documentation</a> for a description of it, but really quickly:</p>
<pre><code>import multiprocessing, logging
logger = multiprocessing.log_to_... | python|debugging|deadlock|multiprocessing | 45 |
2,533 | 63,013,527 | Comparing pixels between image and colourbar | <p>I am working on a project where I have to extract the pixels from a thermal image and convert it into temperature to detect the respiratory time, using which I can detect the respiratory rate. I have done upto detecting the object(i.e the nostrils), but I am not sure how to extract and convert the pixel values to te... | <p>You don't need to effectively draw the color bar, it suffices to have a representation in an array. Then you can indeed match the colors of the pixels to the colors in the color bar and deduce the "position". If your system is correctly calibrated, you should know the corresponding temperatures.</p>
<p>For... | python|python-3.x|image-processing|heatmap|temperature | 2 |
2,534 | 32,598,754 | Script to Check if Torque Jobs are Running/Queued | <p>Is there a way to programmatically check if there are running and/or queued jobs? I'm looking for a script (can be Bash, Python, or any other typical language) that does that and then take some actions if necessary, e.g., shutdown the server (or in my case, an instance in Google Compute Engine). I'd also like to che... | <pre><code>import subprocess
def runCmd(exe):
p = subprocess.Popen(exe,stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
while True:
retcode = p.poll()
line = p.stdout.readline()
yield line
if retcode is not None:
break
def hasRQJob():
jobs = runCmd('qstat')
f... | python|bash|scripting|torque | 2 |
2,535 | 32,507,493 | CPython - Making the date show up using the date on your computer | <p>I'm really new to programming and I only just started using Python, if anyone could edit the code I put up to make it work how I want it to then please do.</p>
<p>I was wondering if I could make the date show up, on my python program but make it different for different regions, so if someone opened the program in U... | <p>Does this work for you?</p>
<pre><code>>>> import datetime
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> print(today.strftime('%x'))
09/10/15
</code></pre>
<p>Specifically, you probably should look at the <code>%c</code>, <code>%x</code>, and <code>%X</code> format codes. See <a href="https://do... | python|cpython | 0 |
2,536 | 28,141,346 | Bottle Framework PUT request | <p>This is my Bottle code</p>
<pre><code>import sqlite3
import json
from bottle import route, run, request
def dict_factory(cursor, row):
d = {}
for idx, col in enumerate(cursor.description):
d[col[0]] = row[idx]
return d
def db_connect():
conn = sqlite3.connect('inventory.... | <p>Instead of this,</p>
<pre><code>name = request.PUT.get('name')
</code></pre>
<p>use this:</p>
<pre><code>name = request.params.get('name')
</code></pre> | python|bottle | 0 |
2,537 | 44,266,677 | Machine Learning - test set with fewer features than the train set | <p>guys.
I was developing an ML model and I got a doubt. Let's assume that my train data has the following data:</p>
<h2>ID | Animal | Age | Habitat</h2>
<h2>0 | Fish | 2 | Sea</h2>
<h2>1 | Hawk | 1 | Mountain</h2>
<h2>2 | Fish | 3 | Sea</h2>
<h2>3 | Snake | 4 | Forest</h2>
<p>If I apply One-ho... | <p>It sounds like you have your train and test sets completely separate. Here's a minimal example of how you might automatically add "missing" features to a given dataset:</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
# Made-up training dataset
train = pd.DataFrame({'animal': ['cat', 'cat', 'dog', 'dog', 'fish', 'fish', 'bear']... | python|machine-learning | 7 |
2,538 | 32,682,754 | np.delete and np.s_. What's so special about np_s? | <p>I don't really understand why regular indexing can't be used for np.delete. What makes np.s_ so special? </p>
<p>For example with this code, used to delete the some of the rows of this array..</p>
<pre><code>inlet_names = np.delete(inlet_names, np.s_[1:9], axis = 0)
</code></pre>
<p>Why can't I simply use regul... | <p><code>np.delete</code> is not doing anything unique or special. It just returns a copy of the original array with some items missing. Most of the code just interprets the inputs in preparation to make this copy.</p>
<p>What you are asking about is the <code>obj</code> parameter</p>
<blockquote>
<p>obj : slice,... | python-2.7|numpy|indexing|slice|delete-row | 25 |
2,539 | 32,761,416 | SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with '\xae' | <p>I am using Python in selenium to create scripts. When used the below code getting syntax error. I could find that the issue is with the registered trademark symbol '®' in title. Please help me out of this.</p>
<pre><code>from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdri... | <p>The content of your question is fine: I inspected it to see that StackOverflow provides the ® symbol encoded as UTF-8.</p>
<p>Based on the error message in the title, Python is reading the file as UTF-8 but I suspect that your editor is using a different encoding to save the file.</p>
<p>Perhaps it is using <a hre... | python | 2 |
2,540 | 32,840,586 | Having trouble running Python file out of Terminal. ImportError: no module named requests | <p>I originally asked this question and took up <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32839336/import-error-no-module-named-requests">Martijn Pieters solution </a> and did as he posted:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/kPDXf.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/kPDXf.png"... | <p>Your shebang line should read:</p>
<pre><code>#!/path/to/anaconda/python
</code></pre>
<p>instead of <code>/usr/bin/python</code> or <code>/usr/bin/env python</code>. </p>
<p>Per your comment, the solution posted <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16694907/how-to-download-large-file-in-python-with-reque... | python|python-requests | 3 |
2,541 | 14,163,532 | Is there anything like Python export? | <p>We use all the time python's import mechanism to import modules and variables and other stuff..but, is there anything that works as export? like:</p>
<p>we import stuff from a module:</p>
<pre><code>from abc import *
</code></pre>
<p>so can we export like?:</p>
<pre><code>to xyz export *
</code></pre>
<p>or
... | <p>First, import the module you want to export stuff into, so you have a reference to it. Then assign the things you want to export as attributes of the module:</p>
<pre><code># to xyz export a, b, c
import xyz
xyz.a = a
xyz.b = b
xyz.c = c
</code></pre>
<p>To do a wildcard export, you can use a loop:</p>
<pre><code... | python|python-module | 9 |
2,542 | 14,010,551 | How to convert between bytes and strings in Python 3? | <p>This is a Python 101 type question, but it had me baffled for a while when I tried to use a package that seemed to convert my string input into bytes. </p>
<p>As you will see below I found the answer for myself, but I felt it was worth recording here because of the time it took me to unearth what was going on. It s... | <p>The 'mangler' in the above code sample was doing the equivalent of this:</p>
<pre><code>bytesThing = stringThing.encode(encoding='UTF-8')
</code></pre>
<p>There are other ways to write this (notably using <code>bytes(stringThing, encoding='UTF-8')</code>, but the above syntax makes it obvious what is going on, and... | string|python-3.x|byte | 119 |
2,543 | 47,332,282 | How to install OpenCV+Python on Mac? | <p>I am trying to install OpenCV+Python on Mac. I am trying to do this in six steps by running commands at terminal (after step2):</p>
<p><strong>Step1:</strong> Install Xcode</p>
<p><strong>Step2:</strong> Install Homebrew </p>
<p><strong>Step3: Install Python2 and Python3</strong></p>
<p>1) <code>brew install pyt... | <p>The officially recommended python packaging tool is <code>pipenv</code>. One example of a workflow you could use to make a virtual environment with the exact libraries your project needs as well as ensuring security is this:</p>
<pre><code>$ brew install pipenv
$ cd /path/to/project
$ pipenv --three
$ pipenv instal... | python|macos|opencv | 1 |
2,544 | 57,527,187 | Get rid of script text in HTML using beautifulsoup | <p>I want to analyze all visible text from an HTML.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.pflegejob.de/index.php?section=anzeige&id=1233125" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Url</a></p>
<p>To get rid of all HTML elements I currently use: </p>
<pre><code>from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
soup = BeautifulSoup(test.conte... | <p>Apparently, the page keeps it's content in <code><script></code> tag. To get content from it, I used <code>re</code> module:</p>
<pre><code>import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = 'https://www.pflegejob.de/index.php?section=anzeige&id=1233125'
soup = BeautifulSoup(requests.get(url).... | regex|python-3.x|beautifulsoup | 2 |
2,545 | 71,039,351 | How do I detect laser line from 2 images and calculate its center using python opencv? | <p>How can I detect laser line using 2 images, first with laser turned off and second with turned on and then calculate its center?
These are my images:
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/efli5.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer">img1.jpg</a>
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/u8W7w.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer">img2.jpg</... | <ol>
<li>difference</li>
<li>gaussian blur to suppress noise, and smooth over saturated sections</li>
<li><code>np.argmax</code> to find maximum for each row</li>
</ol>
<p>I would also recommend</p>
<ul>
<li>some more reduction in exposure</li>
<li>PNG instead of JPEG for real processing. JPEG saves space, okay for vie... | python|opencv | 1 |
2,546 | 58,374,261 | How to convert a rectangular matrix into a stochastic and irreducible matrix? | <p>I have written the following code to convert a matrix into a stochastic and irreducible matrix. I have followed a paper (Deeper Inside PageRank) to write this code. This code works well for the square matrix but giving an error for rectangular matrices. How can I modify it to convert rectangular matrices into stoch... | <p>You are trying to multiply two arrays of different shapes. That will not work, since one array has 30 elements, and the other has 36 elements.</p>
<p>You have to make sure the array <code>e * eT_n</code> has the same shape as your input array <code>P</code>.</p>
<p>You are not using the <code>row_len</code> value.... | python|numpy | 1 |
2,547 | 58,227,509 | How to read multiple partitioned .gzip files into a Spark Dataframe? | <p>I have the following folder of partitioned data-</p>
<pre><code>my_folder
|--part-0000.gzip
|--part-0001.gzip
|--part-0002.gzip
|--part-0003.gzip
</code></pre>
<p>I try to read this data into a dataframe using-</p>
<pre><code>>>> my_df = spark.read.csv("/path/to/my_folder/*")
>>> my_df.show(... | <p>For some reason, Spark does not recognize the <code>.gzip</code> file extension. So I had to change the file extensions before reading the partitioned data-</p>
<pre><code>import os
# go to my_folder
os.chdir("/path/to/my_folder")
# renaming all `.gzip` extensions to `.gz` within my_folder
cmd = 'rename "s/gzip/g... | python|python-3.x|dataframe|pyspark|apache-spark-sql | 2 |
2,548 | 33,786,956 | Print string between two variable substrings | <p>I am looking for the following:</p>
<pre><code>dna = '**atg**abcdefghijk**tga**aa'
start = 'atg'
stop = 'tag' or 'taa' or 'tga'
</code></pre>
<p>I would like to get all the characters between start and stop. I have tried with:</p>
<pre><code>print (dna.find(start:stop))
</code></pre>
<p>but it keeps me saying ... | <p>You could use a regular expression to help find any suitable matches as follows:</p>
<pre><code>import re
dna = 'atgabcdefghijktgaaa'
start = 'atg'
stop = ['tag', 'taa', 'tga']
print re.findall(r'{}(.*?)(?:{})'.format(start, '|'.join(stop)), dna)
</code></pre>
<p>This would display the following:</p>
<pre><code... | python|regex | 1 |
2,549 | 33,530,725 | Alphabetically sorting URLs to Download Image | <p>Having an issue with the sorting of urls. The .jpg files end in "xxxx-xxxx.jpg". The second set of keys need to be sorted in alphabetical order. Thus far I've only been able to sort the first set of characters alphabetically (which is not necessary).</p>
<p>For instance:</p>
<p><a href="http://code.google.com/edu/... | <p>Given the urls end in the format
<code>xxxx-yyyy.jpg</code></p>
<p>and you want to sort the urls based on the second key, i.e. <code>yyyy</code></p>
<pre><code>def read_urls(filename):
with open(filename) as f:
s = {el.rstrip() for el in f if 'puzzle' in el}
return sorted(s, key=lambda u: u[-8:-4]... | python|sorting | 1 |
2,550 | 46,642,360 | Python unitest doesn't work | <p>I'm beginning to learn TDD. I have just started with unit test from python. When I try to execute:</p>
<pre><code>vagrant@vagrant:~/pruebaTestPython$ python test_python_daily_software.py
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 0 tests in 0.000s
OK
</code></pre>
<p>I have read ... | <p>If your <code>python_daily.py</code> Python module is:</p>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def get_string(number):
return 'Hello'
</code></pre>
<p>and your <code>test_python_daily_software.py</code> test module is:</p>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import unittes... | python|unit-testing|tdd | 1 |
2,551 | 38,019,888 | Python: Writing to csv-file | <p>I am trying to read a csv-style file and create another one.
Here is the (simplified) code.</p>
<pre><code>import os
import csv
import sys
fn = 'C:\mydird\Temp\xyz'
ext = '.txt'
infn = fn+ext
outfn = fn+'o'+ext
infile = open(infn, newline='')
outfile = open(outfn, 'w', newline='')
try:
reader = csv.reader(i... | <p>Your code doesn't define a writer.</p>
<p>Add <code>writer = csv.writer(outfile)</code> and then close the outfile and it should work. Using the <code>with</code> idiom makes the code cleaner.</p>
<pre><code>import csv
fn = 'C:\mydird\Temp\xyz'
ext = '.txt'
infn = fn+ext
outfn = fn+'o'+ext
with open(infn) as rf... | python|csv | 4 |
2,552 | 37,863,253 | Reverse a python dictionary ordered pairs | <p>This question has been asked many times, and I searched diligently to no avail.
Here is an example of my question:</p>
<p><code>dict = {"a":"1", "b":"2", "c":"3"}</code></p>
<p>The output I am looking for is as below:</p>
<p><code>dict = {"c":"3", "b":"2", "a":"1"}</code></p>
<p>I am really unsure how to attack... | <p>Firstly, the <code>dict</code> object of python is a hashtable, so It have no order.
but if you only want to get a list is order you can use <code>sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)</code> method.
<code>
def order(dic):
return sorted(dic.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=True)
</code></p> | python|python-2.7|sorting|dictionary|reverse | 0 |
2,553 | 37,850,869 | Storing objects in file instead of in memory | <p>I've created a genetic programming system in Python, but am having troubles related to memory limits. The problem is with storing all of the individuals in my population in memory. Currently, I store all individuals in memory, then reproduce the next generation's population, which then gets stored in to memory. This... | <p>Given the RAM constraint, I'd change the population model from generational to <strong><em>steady state</em></strong>.</p>
<p>The idea is to iteratively breed a new child or two, assess their fitness and then reintroduce them directly into the population itself, killing off some preexisting individuals to make room... | python|memory|memory-management|genetic-programming | 2 |
2,554 | 30,043,709 | Python: sorting a list of tuples on alpha case-insensitive order | <p>I have a list of tuples ("twoples")</p>
<pre><code>[('aaa',2), ('BBB',7), ('ccc',0)]
</code></pre>
<p>I need to print it in that order, but</p>
<pre><code>>>> sorted([('aaa',2), ('BBB',7), ('ccc',0)])
</code></pre>
<p>gives</p>
<pre><code>[('BBB', 7), ('aaa', 2), ('ccc', 0)]
list.sort(key=str.tolower)... | <p>You're right that this is a Python 2 thing, but the fix is pretty simple:</p>
<pre><code>list.sort(key=lambda a: (a[0].lower(), a[1]))
</code></pre>
<p>That doesn't really seem any less clear, because the names <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> don't have any more inherent meaning than <code>a[0]</code> and <code>... | python|list|sorting | 8 |
2,555 | 30,150,537 | Python Quicksort Recursion unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'list' and 'int'` | <p>I have been having issues with a sorting program I am writing, the error </p>
<pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Shaun/PycharmProjects/Sorts/BubbleSort.py", line 117, in <module>
sorted = quick_sort(unsorted, 0, len(unsorted - 1))
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'li... | <p>It is clearly stated in the Error message:</p>
<pre><code>TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'list' and 'int'
</code></pre>
<p>It means you are doing an operation, which is "-" (as stated in the error message: "for -") on operands whose type(s) not supported by this Operation.</p>
<p>So you were subtra... | python|function|sorting|call | 3 |
2,556 | 29,959,044 | Removing comments using lex: why doesn't this work? | <p>I'm writing a parser using Python/lex and trying to create an entry to remove C-style comments. My current (faulty) attempt is:</p>
<pre><code>def t_comment_ignore(t):
r'(\/\*[^*]*\*\/)|(//[^\n]*)'
pass
</code></pre>
<p>This produced a quirk that baffled me. When I parse the string below: </p>
<pre><code... | <p>My guess is that your pattern for EQUALS matches <code>=.</code> instead of (or as well as) <code>=</code>. </p>
<p>By the way, the correct comment pattern is <code>/[*][^*]*[*]+([^/*][^*]*[*]+)*/|//[^\n]*</code>.</p> | python|lex|ply | 1 |
2,557 | 61,490,560 | Python 3 decimal module calculation reversability | <p>I am trying to implement a reversible physics engine so I have decided to use the decimal module. So this obviously works.</p>
<pre><code>>>> from decimal import *
>>> a = Decimal('1')
>>> b = Decimal('0.82')
>>> a = a*b/b
>>> print(a)
1
</code></pre>
<p>However, when t... | <p>Decimal doesn't have infinite precision. You can <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html#quick-start-tutorial" rel="nofollow noreferrer">increase its precision</a> if you're finding it too inaccurate.</p>
<pre><code>from decimal import *
getcontext().prec = some larger number
</code></pre> | python|decimal|precision|bignum|arbitrary-precision | 2 |
2,558 | 65,793,281 | My code is wrong? I can't seem to find the answer | <p>Question is:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Create a text file named team.txt and store 8 football team names and their best player, separate the player from the team name by a comma.
Create a program that reads from the text file and displays a random
team name and the first letter of the player’s first name and the first let... | <p>The issue is with this line:</p>
<pre><code>splitLetters = letters.append('')
</code></pre>
<p>The issue is .append() does not return any value, so splitLetters is <code>None</code> and therefore doesn't have a length. To use .append(), you need to append directly to the string (i.e letters.append('t') would append ... | python|syntax|file-handling | 0 |
2,559 | 72,389,951 | List to a json object | <p>I have a list of ec2 instanceID like below:</p>
<pre><code>['i-111111111111', 'i-22222222222']
</code></pre>
<p>And I want to convert it to json.</p>
<pre class="lang-json prettyprint-override"><code>{
"instance_id": "i-111111111111",
"instance_id": "i-222222222222"
}
</c... | <pre><code>li = ['i-111111111111', 'i-22222222222']
di = dict()
for i in li:
a = {'instance_id':i}
di.update(a)
print(di)
</code></pre>
<p>But having a single key is not a good approach</p> | python|python-3.x|amazon-web-services | 0 |
2,560 | 72,321,396 | Query SQL Server encrypted columns through python and show decrypted values | <p>I am trying to query a table (in an on premise database), which has some encrypted columns, in Python. I don't have any problem querying this data in Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio. Since I have a certificate, I just use Windows authentication to login, and in Additional Connection Parameters, I add "Co... | <p><code>Driver={SQL Server}</code> (SQLSRV32.DLL) is the ancient SQL Server driver that ships with Windows. It dates back to the days of SQL Server 2000 and does not support many of the more modern SQL Server features.</p>
<p>Today's applications should use a more current driver like <code>Driver=ODBC Driver 17 for SQ... | sql-server|python-3.x|encryption|pyodbc|pymssql | 2 |
2,561 | 37,140,873 | Pass arguments to slot function built by QT Designer | <p>I'm new to GUI designing and I started working with QT Designer 4.8.6. I'm connecting buttons to function using the signals-slots mechanism.</p>
<p>Here is some connections generated by the pyuic4 util to create the GUI script:</p>
<pre><code>QtCore.QObject.connect(self.btn_add_codes, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("clic... | <p>Does this lambda work? At least that's how I do it with Qt when using C++.</p>
<pre><code>self.btn_add_codes.clicked.connect(lambda codes=self.path_codes: MainWindow.select_file(codes))
</code></pre> | python|c++|qt|user-interface|qt-designer | 0 |
2,562 | 37,142,838 | Convert time strings to integers | <p>I am reading in a file that has a column of times that is in the format of hour, minute, seconds (023456). There are other columns in the file that I am not dealing with at the time. I have ignored the other values. </p>
<pre><code>020746 10 -1
020823 5 -1
020839 6 -1
020812 6 0
</code></pre>
... | <p>As suggested by pyNoob. Create a <code>list</code> with the times and <code>append</code> the info to it.</p>
<pre><code>time_list = []
f = open(file, 'r')
for line in flash:
line = line.strip()
columns = line.split()
time = columns[0]
hour = int(time[0:2])
minute = int(time[2:4])
second = i... | python|string | 0 |
2,563 | 48,448,577 | Interrupt python grpc client when receiving stream | <p>I am playing a little bit with gRPC and I do not know how to close a connection between a client and the server when receiving a stream. Both the client and the server are written in Python.</p>
<p>For example, my server reads messages from a Queue and it yields each message. My idea is that the client subscribes t... | <blockquote>
<p>I would like to get the client killed whenever CTRL+C is pressed, but
it gets stuck with the current code. How can it be done properly?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>The <code>KeyboardInterrupt</code> should be enough to terminate the client application. Probably the process is hanging on the <code>stub.uns... | python|queue|python-multithreading|grpc | 3 |
2,564 | 48,471,955 | Test the presence of a subexpression involving noncommutative symbols | <p>I have the following Sympy expression</p>
<pre><code>expr=b0*d0*u0 - b0*d1*u1 - b1*d0*u1 - b1*d1*u0 + d0*b0*u0 - d0*b1*u1 - d1*b0*u1 - d1*b1*u0
</code></pre>
<p>And I want to know if, for example, the product</p>
<pre><code>d0*u0
</code></pre>
<p>is in this expression. For this, I use</p>
<pre><code>print(expr.... | <p>This appears to be currently an issue with noncommutative symbols, otherwise <code>expr.has(d0*u0)</code> returns True. </p>
<p>The following works whenever <code>subs</code> can identify a subexpression:</p>
<pre><code>dummy = Dummy()
print(expr.subs(d0*u0, dummy).has(dummy))
</code></pre>
<p>I.e., replace the s... | python|sympy | 0 |
2,565 | 19,865,649 | A single executable file with Py2Exe | <p>I have been trying to make a single executable file and I am getting close. Please do not recommend that I use PyInstaller -- I have tried that route, asked on SO <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19669640/bundling-data-files-with-pyinstaller-2-1-and-meipass-error-onefile">here</a>, and have put in ticke... | <p>Guy <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/112698/py2exe-generate-single-executable-file#113014">here</a> explains how to package to one file with py2exe. He's setup doesn't package resources inside the executable either.</p>
<p>When I package my apps, I don't use one executable option</p>
<pre><code>options... | python|python-2.7|matplotlib|executable|py2exe | 4 |
2,566 | 66,840,201 | how to monitor availability Decathlon's products with python? | <p>I have a request for you.</p>
<p>I wanna to <strong>scrape</strong> the following product <a href="https://www.decathlon.it/p/kit-manubri-e-bilanciere-bodybuilding-93kg/_/R-p-10804?mc=4687932&c=NERO#" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.decathlon.it/p/kit-manubri-e-bilanciere-bodybuilding-93kg/_/R-p-10804?mc=4... | <p>Try this:</p>
<pre><code>import requests
import re
import time
urls = ['p/kit-manubri-e-bilanciere-bodybuilding-93kg/_/R-p-10804.html']
user_agent = {'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
def main(site):
with requests.Session() as req:
for url in urls:
r = req.get(site.format(url), headers=user_agen... | python|python-3.x|web-scraping|request | 0 |
2,567 | 4,120,258 | Python Cookies and PHP virtual() | <p>I narrowed down the problem:</p>
<pre><code>os.environ.get('HTTP_COOKIE')
</code></pre>
<p>This always seems to be None when calling the Python file with that line using PHP's virtual(). Does anyone know why this is?</p>
<p>I'm using Python 2.7 because of how much I need the Python Imaging Library.</p>
<p><stron... | <p>Try to set cookies by your own with <a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.apache-setenv.php" rel="nofollow">apache_setenv</a> function.<br>
But if the only thing that you need from python is PIL, then you probably don't need python at all. PHP have very powerful tools like <a href="http://www.magickwand.org... | php|python|cgi | 0 |
2,568 | 48,116,218 | Multiple keys vs dictionary in memcache? | <p>What is a better approach? Having multiple keys or having a dictionary?</p>
<p>In my scenario I want to store songs in a country basis and cache that for further access later on. Below I write the rough pseudocode without disclosing too many details to keep it simple. The actual songs will most probably be IDs from... | <p>As mentioned in the comment it mainly depends on the application requirement. </p>
<p>To Add another perspective,</p>
<p>You can think of it as the problem of 'storing and retrieve 1 object vs multiple granular objects'. There is a detailed discussion on this tradeoff in this <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/que... | python|django|caching|memcached | 1 |
2,569 | 51,250,987 | How to update the weights of a Tensorflow.js model? | <p>I currently have a tensorflow.js convolutional neural network model that detects if certain images are happy or sad (based on facial expression). This is done through the browser with the user uploading an image of a face or using the webcam which the model then determines the outcome for. However, the user also has... | <p>You can update the data of the objects within the Cloud Storage bucket by <a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/using-object-versioning" rel="nofollow noreferrer">setting up Object Versioning</a>. Only thing is that if you want to access a previous version of the object, you would have to use the generation... | javascript|tensorflow|keras|google-cloud-storage|tensorflow.js | 0 |
2,570 | 73,765,374 | Generating a date in a particular format using python | <p>I have a python code that looks like this. I am receiving the values
of year, month and day in form of a string. I will test whether they are not null.</p>
<p>If they are not null I will like to generate a date in this format MMddyyyy from the variables</p>
<pre><code> from datetime import datetime
y... | <p>It should work without calling <code>len</code> as well.</p>
<pre><code>from datetime import datetime, date
year = "2022"
month = "7"
day = "15"
if year and month and day:
print('variables are not empty')
prepare = date(int(year), int(month), int(day))
valueDt = datetime.s... | python-3.x | 1 |
2,571 | 17,562,182 | Scrapy image problems on production server | <p>I have a scrapy script to download images from a site. Locally work perfectly, and also seems on production server, but despite not receiving any error, don't save the images.</p>
<p>This is the output on production server:</p>
<pre><code>2013-07-10 05:12:33+0200 [scrapy] INFO: Scrapy 0.16.5 started (bot: mybot)
2... | <p>From the <a href="http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/images.html" rel="nofollow">docs</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The images in the list of the images field will retain the same order of the original image_urls field. If some image failed downloading, an error will be logged and the image won’t be present in the... | python|image|scrapy | 0 |
2,572 | 17,160,151 | Is tzinfo=tzutc() same as +00:00 in python? | <p>Are both the time formats equivalent in python : </p>
<pre><code>datetime.datetime(2013, 6, 17, 7, 46, 0, 609263, tzinfo=tzutc())
datetime.datetime(2013, 6, 17, 7, 46, 0, 609263, +00:00)
</code></pre>
<p>Also is there a way to replace <code>tzinfo=tzutc()</code> with <code>+00:00</code> and vice versa?</p> | <p>If you look into the <a href="http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~dateutil/dateutil/trunk/view/head:/dateutil/tz.py" rel="nofollow">source of dateutil</a> </p>
<pre><code>ZERO = datetime.timedelta(0) # same as 00:00
class tzutc(datetime.tzinfo):
def utcoffset(self, dt):
return ZERO
def dst(self, dt):
... | python | 2 |
2,573 | 70,449,909 | Find all partitions of n of length less-than-or-equal to L | <p>How might I find all the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_(number_theory)" rel="nofollow noreferrer">partitions</a> of <code>n</code> that have length less-than-or-equal-to <code>L</code>?</p> | <p>Based on the code given <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/44209393/3614134">here</a>, we can include an additional argument <code>L</code> (which defaults to <code>n</code>).</p>
<p>We might naively include <code>if len((i,) + p) <= L:</code> before <code>yield (i,) + p</code>. However, since <code>len((i,) + ... | python|python-3.x|combinatorics | 0 |
2,574 | 69,926,410 | Creating a new variable with the average of categories of another variable | <p>I have data of houses sold in different locations. There are a variable "zipcode" and a variable "price". I have to predict for every object the average price for the relative zipcode.</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
data = {"zipcode":[100, 100, 101, 101], "price":[500, 60... | <p>You can actually merge the result with the dataframe:</p>
<pre><code>df = df.merge(zipcode_mprice, on= "zipcode" )
df.columns = ["zipcode","price","mean_zipcode"]
df
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPkAC.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.st... | python|replace | 0 |
2,575 | 72,965,205 | How to fix ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS? | <p>I'm developing a site on Django, but I got an error ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS. I think that the matter is in the views.py file. Help figure it out.
P.S. already tried to delete cookie files, it didn't help(</p>
<pre><code>from email import message
from wsgiref.util import request_uri
from django.shortcuts import redire... | <p>The problem is coming from your <code>return redirect('/')</code>. Redirect to one of the views written in your <code>urls.py</code> and your problem will be solved.</p> | python|django | 1 |
2,576 | 55,635,090 | How to execute a function on two values of two separate arrays | <pre><code>for value in distance_moduli_error_array:
DM_error = (np.log(10)*(10**((distance_moduli_array/5)+1))*(value*0.2))
list.append(distance_to_galaxies_parsecs_error, DM_error)
</code></pre>
<p><code>distance_moduli_error_array</code> and <code>distance_moduli_array</code> are two arrays each with 8 valu... | <pre><code>for x,y in zip(distance_moduli_error_array, distance_moduli_array):
DM_error = (np.log(10)*(10**((y/5)+1))*(x*0.2))
list.append(distance_to_galaxies_parsecs_error, DM_error)
</code></pre>
<p>Use <code>zip</code></p> | python | 0 |
2,577 | 55,650,373 | Where do I find the python source code/documentation for the selenium ActionBuilder class? | <p>I would like to rewrite the selenium <a href="https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/py/_modules/selenium/webdriver/common/action_chains.html#ActionChains" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ActionChains class</a> and noticed that it uses the ActionBuilder class. Browsing the python documentation and the internet I w... | <p>You can find the source code in the selenium github repository. But I don't know if there are any documentation for <code>ActionBuilder</code> class exists or not. </p>
<p>Here is the link to <code>action_builder.py</code> file.
<a href="https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/master/py/selenium/webdriver/comm... | python|selenium|selenium-webdriver | 1 |
2,578 | 64,760,626 | Why are tables not being created in flask SQLAlchemy? | <p>This is what I have in my app.py:</p>
<pre><code>from flask import Flask, render_template, url_for, request, redirect
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from datetime import datetime
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///D:/Documents/.my projects/flask-website/blog.db'
db = ... | <p>Turns out I had my file path wrong in <code>app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI']</code>... currently hitting my head on my desk because I have spent more time than I care to admit on this issue.</p> | python|sqlite|flask|flask-sqlalchemy | 0 |
2,579 | 65,102,318 | How can I achieve a 30 FPS frame rate using this Python screen recorder code? | <p>I want a screen recorder. I thought of making my own.</p>
<p>I checked the internet and found: <a href="https://www.thepythoncode.com/code/make-screen-recorder-python" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.thepythoncode.com/code/make-screen-recorder-python</a></p>
<p><strong>The Code:</strong></p>
<pre><code>import ... | <p>basically if you want to continue with your same code, you will have to compromise on resolution or frame rate.</p>
<p>My suggestion is to try the <code>cv2.VideoCapture()</code> functionality.</p>
<p>I am attaching the link to the webpage where there is a detailed step-by-step process where the author has achieved ... | python|frame-rate|pyautogui|screen-recording | 1 |
2,580 | 68,624,410 | what is the easiest way to find if a specific value exists in a table with multiple rows on a website using selenium in python? | <p>I am trying to make my script perform a specific action based on the existence of a value in a table row on a website. E.g if x is in row 1 of table 'lab', create investigation, else move to next row and check if x is in that row. Sorry the website I am trying this on is not accessible by those who do not have an ac... | <p>If I understand correctly what you need, you should remove both <code>continue</code> from your code and the <code>break</code> at the bottom as well and add a <code>break</code> inside the <code>if</code> and <code>else</code> blocks so if you found the condition you are looking for and performed the action you nee... | python|selenium|for-loop|automation|nested-for-loop | 1 |
2,581 | 70,304,403 | Kivy add widget won't appear on screen: | <p>I'm stuck with the following problem:</p>
<p>When I run the following code - this seems to work:</p>
<pre><code>class Board(GridLayout):
def __init__(self, numLines=8, numCols=8, **kwargs):
# constructor of the board
GridLayout._init_(self, **kwargs)
self.finish_game = Button()
# ... | <p>Running <code>Board()</code> creates an instance of the <code>Board</code> class, but that doesn't fundamentally draw anything. It will appear on your screen only if you add it to your widget tree somehow.</p>
<p>In your code you <code>return Board()</code>, but that return doesn't go anywhere so the <code>Board()</... | python|kivy|grid-layout | 1 |
2,582 | 60,824,850 | How to import pyinstaller modules/files | <p>I have files with functions which I've already compiled with pyinstaller. How would I import these files' functions into a new python file? Is this even possible?</p>
<p>(The idea is for them to be somewhat of an equivalent to a Windows dll. Ideally I would like to dynamically import functions from these files.)</p... | <p>As far as I know,no.The pyinstaller basicly creates a compiled .pyc file plus the interpter.</p>
<p>If you want to have something like the DLL, you may turn to the .pyd files.</p> | python|python-3.x|pyinstaller | 0 |
2,583 | 60,803,964 | Python distribute 8 bits into beginnings of 4 x 8 bits, two by two | <p>I have an integer that is 8 bits and I want to distribute these bits into beginnings of 4 integers (4x8 bit) two by two. For example:</p>
<pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>bit_8 = 0b_10_11_00_11
bit_32 = b"\x12\x32\x23\54" # --> [0b100_10, 0b1100_10, 0b1000_11, 0b1011_00]
what_i_want = [0b100_10, ... | <p>You could do it by iterating in reverse on <code>bit_32</code>, and at the same time taking the last two bits of <code>bit_8</code>, then shifting it right.
This way, you can build a list of the output values, in reverse order, which you can reorder while converting to bytes.</p>
<pre><code>bit_8 = 0b_10_11_00_11
... | python|bit-manipulation|bitwise-operators | 1 |
2,584 | 60,916,649 | How to I get July month of all years in a yearly time series? (Jupyter notebook) | <p>I need some help to get my script to plot my SPI values only for July-month.
My script looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>from pandas import read_csv
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
import cartopy
%matplotlib inline
df = pd.read_csv('SPI1_and_rr_for_200011.0.csv... | <p>Make sure <code>df['time']</code> is of type <code>datetime</code> and use the <code>dt</code> accessor to filter by month.</p>
<pre><code># Convert to datetime
df['time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['time'])
# Filter by month number (July == 7)
july_df = df[df['time'].dt.month == 7]
</code></pre> | python|pandas|datetime | 1 |
2,585 | 69,067,530 | how to solve weasyprint error message gobject-2.0-0 error 0x7e message? | <p>I installed several files based upon `https://pbpython.com/pdf-reports.htm to create reports. However the following error messages</p>
<pre><code>Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\histdata\test02.py", line 10, in <module>
from weasyprint import HTML
File "C:\Users\AquaTrader\Ap... | <p>The error means that the <code>gobject-2.0.0</code> library, which is part of GTK3+, cannot be found. Did you follow the installation instructions (<a href="https://doc.courtbouillon.org/weasyprint/stable/first_steps.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://doc.courtbouillon.org/weasyprint/stable/first_steps.html</a>... | python|weasyprint | 5 |
2,586 | 62,921,081 | Beautiful Soup - making a list | <p>I've been at it for several days in the soup trying to scrape a simple html structure into a list to make a dataframe. If it was html tables i have no problem. I am working with a structure like:</p>
<pre><code> <div class="someTypeofRow">
<a href="/mainpage/choc.html">
... | <p>You can select all <code><a></code> tags whose <code>href=</code> begins with <code>"/mainpage"</code> and then do <code>.find_next()</code> for <code><span class="yearText"></code>.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
txt = '''
... | python-3.x|beautifulsoup | 1 |
2,587 | 31,506,987 | Scikit-Learn One-hot-encode before or after train/test split | <p>I am looking at two scenarios building a model using scikit-learn and I can not figure out why one of them is returning a result that is so fundamentally different than the other. The only thing different between the two cases (that I know of) is that in one case I am one-hot-encoding the categorical variables all a... | <p>While the previous comments correctly suggest it is best to map over your entire feature space first, in your case both the Train and Test contain all of the feature values in all of the columns.</p>
<p>If you compare the <code>vectorizer.vocabulary_</code> between the two versions, they are exactly the same, so th... | python-2.7|scikit-learn | 14 |
2,588 | 61,251,379 | Appending HDFStore pandas TypeError | <p>According to <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/46206376/11578009">https://stackoverflow.com/a/46206376/11578009</a> I am trying to append HDFStore file</p>
<pre><code>import pandas as pd
hdfStore = pd.HDFStore('dataframe.h5')
#df=
#a b c d f
#0 125 ... | <p>I found out answer when I was replicating error, but maybe it will be useful for sb.</p>
<p>Error does not occur when dtypes in used pd.DataFrame are </p>
<pre><code>df.dtypes
Out[65]:
time_diffrences int64
temp_diffrences int64
label object
dtype: object
</code></pre>
<p>So dtypes cant be f... | python|pandas|hdf5 | 0 |
2,589 | 56,277,014 | I have a code where I import another code file, but the other code gets executed before my actual code runs | <p>So I am making <strong>a Voice assistant</strong>, and then I have to <strong>import another file</strong>, but the file always gets <strong>executed</strong>.</p>
<p>So I know there is a <strong>fix using an if loops</strong> but none of the answers are <strong>elaborate enough</strong>.</p>
<pre><code>#voice_ass... | <p>What you want to do is write everything in your second module that runs right away inside a check like this: </p>
<pre><code>if __name__ == "__main__":
do_things()
</code></pre>
<p>this way, your <code>do_things()</code> function will be called if you open up this file and run it directly, BUT if you import th... | python-3.x | 0 |
2,590 | 45,303,724 | How can I create a list of records groupedby index in Pandas? | <p>I have a CSV of records:</p>
<pre><code>name,credits,email
bob,,test1@foo.com
bob,6.0,test@foo.com
bill,3.0,something_else@a.com
bill,4.0,something@a.com
tammy,5.0,hello@gmail.org
</code></pre>
<p>where <code>name</code> is the index. Because there are multiple records with the same name, I'd like to roll the enti... | <p>Is that what you want?</p>
<pre><code>cols = df.columns.drop('name').tolist()
</code></pre>
<p>or as recommended by @jezrael:</p>
<pre><code>cols = df.columns.difference(['name'])
</code></pre>
<p>and then:</p>
<pre><code>s = df.groupby('name')[cols].apply(lambda x: x.to_dict('r')).to_json()
</code></pre>
<p>... | python|json|pandas|csv|numpy | 4 |
2,591 | 45,656,457 | How to print the processing steps/report from model.fit MXNet Python | <p>I am trying to train my 20x20 images dataset using MXNet deep learning library, you can see the code below:
the question is when I run it, although it shows no errors it returns nothing, I mean it does not show any processing like :</p>
<p>epoch 0 : ........accuracy:.....</p>
<p>epoch 1 : ........accuracy:.....</p... | <p>Solved
add to your code these lines:</p>
<pre><code>import logging
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
</code></pre>
<p>for different types of processing report, refer to "Callback API in MXNet" </p> | python|mxnet | 2 |
2,592 | 57,146,518 | Detect difference in x, y direction between 2 images using OpenCv and ORB detector | <p>I am trying to detect is there any shift in x or y direction between 2 images, one of the images is reference image and the other one is live image coming from camera. </p>
<p>Idea is to use ORB detector to extract keypoints in 2 images and then use BFFMatcher to find good matches. After that do further analysis by... | <p>Basically, you want to know <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30716610/">How to get pixel coordinates from Feature Matching in OpenCV Python</a>. Then you need some way to filter outliers. If only differnce between your images is translation (shift) on live image, this should be straightforward. But I'd s... | python|opencv|orb | 0 |
2,593 | 31,196,760 | How to filter out data into unique pandas dataframes from a combined csv of multiple datatypes? | <p>Sample csv</p>
<pre><code>time,type,-1,
time,type,0,w
time,type,1,a,12,b,13,c,15,name,apple
time,type,5,r,2,s,43,t,45,u,67,style,blue,font,13
time,type,11,a,12,c,15
time,type,5,r,2,s,43,t,45,u,67,style,green,font,15
time,type,1,a,12,b,13,c,15,name,apple
time,type,11,a,12,c,15
time,type,5,r,2,s,43,t,45,u,67,style,gr... | <pre><code>import pandas as pd
headers = {1:['a','b','c','name'],
5:['r','s','t','u','style','font'],
}
usecols = {1:[4,6,8,10],
5:[4,6,8,10,12,14],
}
frames = {}
for h in headers:
frames[h] = pd.DataFrame(columns=headers[h])
count = 0
for line in open('irreg.csv'):
row = l... | python|numpy|pandas|matplotlib|data-analysis | 1 |
2,594 | 40,245,687 | How to create files which are named by the elements of a column stored in a file? | <p>I have a file which contains two columns, the first one contains the name and the second one contains the measurements for the corresponding names.</p>
<p>I need to create files with the name of the measurements, and each measurement has the corresponding measurement for it.</p>
<p>In other words, I need to make f... | <p>This code works...</p>
<pre><code>import numpy as np
arr = np.genfromtxt('file.txt', dtype=str)
for i in range(0, len(arr)):
np.savetxt(arr[i, 0], [float(arr[i, 1])]) # int -> float
</code></pre> | python|for-loop | 1 |
2,595 | 40,206,598 | sklearn custom scorer multiple metrics at once | <p>I have a function which returns an <code>Observation</code> object with <strong>multiple</strong> scorers
How can I integrate it into a custom sklearn scorer?
I defined it as:</p>
<pre><code>class Observation():
def __init__(self):
self.statValues = {}
self.modelName = ""
def setModelName(s... | <p>In short: you cannot.</p>
<p>Long version: scorer <strong>has to</strong> return a single scalar, since it is something that can be used for model selection, and in general - comparing objects. Since there is no such thing as a complete ordering over vector spaces - you cannot return a vector inside a scorer (or di... | python|scikit-learn|classification|scoring | 4 |
2,596 | 47,811,533 | can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type | <p>I'm using bokeh for data visualization, and trying to make an executable but it shows an error message of "can't perform this operation for unregistered loader type"</p>
<p>I have tried as a solution of <strong>init</strong>.py to the directory (+subdir) of my script.py, but it's not work.</p>
<p>PS. Win10, Python... | <p>Ran into the same error using pyinstaller.</p>
<p>This should solve your problem and the problem of not finding jinja2 that will follow:</p>
<p>edit the file: your-python-env\Lib\site-packages\bokeh\core\templates.py</p>
<p>(nb: change your-python-env to wherever you've installed python)</p>
<p>and change the im... | python-3.x|bokeh|pyinstaller | 3 |
2,597 | 34,208,466 | numpy, get maximum of subsets | <p>I have an array of values, said <code>v</code>, (e.g. <code>v=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]</code>) and an array of indexes, say <code>g</code> (e.g. <code>g=[0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2]</code>).</p>
<p>I know, for instance, how to take the first element of each group, in a very numpythonic way, doing:</p>
<pre><code>i... | <p>You can use <code>np.maximum.reduceat</code>:</p>
<pre><code>>>> _, idx = np.unique(g, return_index=True)
>>> np.maximum.reduceat(v, idx)
array([ 4, 74, 10])
</code></pre>
<p>More about the workings of the ufunc <code>reduceat</code> method can be found <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/re... | python|arrays|numpy|max|vectorization | 6 |
2,598 | 47,145,044 | Django Inline Formset - possible to follow foreign key relationship backwards? | <p>I'm pretty new to django so I apologize if this has an obvious answer.</p>
<p>Say you have the following three models:</p>
<pre><code>models.py
class Customer(models.Model):
name = models.CharField()
slug = models.SlugField()
class Product(models.Model):
plu = models.Charfield()
description = mod... | <p>The formset functionality is only to show forms but something that you can do is create a custom form that display the 2 fields with the function of <code>readonly</code> like: </p>
<pre><code>class your_form(models.ModelForm):
class Meta()
model = Template
fields = ['price', 'product']
d... | python|django|python-3.x | 1 |
2,599 | 64,593,474 | How can I solve this problem that shows me the correct output? | <pre><code>import mysql.connector
from tabulate
import tabulate
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user = 'root' , password = '',host = 'localhost', database = 'karmand')
c = cnx.cursor()
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS employee (
Name text,
Weight integer,
Height integer
... | <p>An Order By clause can contain multiple items quite simply. So to order by height and then by weight, do this:</p>
<pre><code>SELECT
*
FROM
employee
ORDER BY
Height DESC,
Weight ASC
</code></pre>
<p>Live demo: <a href="https://dbfiddle.uk/?rdbms=mysql_8.0&fiddle=7f33f82b79724920be1e1499c4dff9da" rel... | python|mysql|sql | 3 |
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