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17.3k
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Jupyter ipython kernel dies on large file loading
<p>I have a huge binary file of size ~10gbs which I want to load into a pandas dataframe on my Jupyter notebook. I am using the following code for creating the dataframe:</p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame(np.fromfile('binary_file.dat', dtype = mydtype)) #the file has over 20 columns of dtype '&lt;f8' </code></pre> <p>Ev...
<p>Try</p> <pre><code>df = pd.read_csv('.....\binary_file.dat' , sep=&quot;however you dat-file is separated&quot;,engine ='python') </code></pre>
python|python-3.x|pandas|jupyter-notebook|ipython
0
5,701
66,410,803
Understanding of fig, ax, and plt when combining Matplotlib and Pandas
<p>I'm trying to get a better understanding of how figure, axes, and plt all fit together when combining Matplotlib and Pandas for plotting. The accepted <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29568110/how-to-use-ax-with-pandas-and-matplotlib/29568196#29568196">answer here</a> helped me connect Matplotlib and Pan...
<p><code>plt.xticks()</code> only works on the &quot;current&quot; ax. You should use <code>ax.set_xticks()</code>, <code>ax.set_xticklabels()</code> and <code>ax.tick_params()</code> instead.</p> <p><code>plt.xticks()</code> is a rather old function that is still supported, mimicking similar matlab code, born in a tim...
python|pandas|matplotlib
1
5,702
66,753,634
Add column of WordNet synonyms to DataFrame
<p>I have the below example DataFrame in the var output_table:</p> <pre><code>Job Title ReqID Word TFAbs Agree to Agree Manager R4 Trust 2 Agree to Agree Manager R4 agree 2 Agreement Manager R2 Trust 5 </code></pre> <p>I want to check synonyms of each word in column &quot;Word&quot; using WordNet. For t...
<p>You could use .assign() to add the new values as a column. In order to do so, I first created a new column.</p> <pre><code>column = [] for ind in output_table.index: word = output_table['Word'][ind] syn = list() for synset in wn.synsets(word): for lemma in synset.lemmas(): syn.ap...
pandas|dataframe|loops|nltk|wordnet
0
5,703
64,665,578
matplotlib bar chart - only size-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars
<p>I want to matplotlib bar chart but I am giving below errors for one variable(g) (no-problem with the second variable) I have fetched these values from sqlite queries in python and its shape is like:</p> <pre><code>g= [(11,), (7,), (6,), (3,), (1,), (4,), (7,), (0,), (0,), (0,), (172,)] error TypeError: only size-1 a...
<p>Use:</p> <pre><code>g1 = np.array(g).flatten() </code></pre> <p>Output:</p> <pre><code>array([ 11, 7, 6, 3, 1, 4, 7, 0, 0, 0, 172]) </code></pre>
python|matplotlib
0
5,704
64,852,610
does setMouseCallback method not work with tkinter?
<p>I am working on Slideshow application. Basically this shows all the pictures in a certain directory in every 5 seconds, and if you click the picture changes. It had worked so well until I mixed it with <code>tkinter</code>. It seems like my <code>setMouseCallback</code> method doesn't work anymore... Any helps?</p> ...
<p>Tkinter has it's own method of capturing button presses and it is probably blocking the cv2 callback.</p> <p>You can register a call back for a button press in tkinter using</p> <pre><code>root.bind(&quot;&lt;Button-1&gt;&quot;, nameOfCallbackFunction) </code></pre> <p>Worth noting that tkinter does not work with in...
python|opencv|tkinter
0
5,705
65,046,403
Name not defined, even with global variable?
<p>So I'm trying to write a function to calculate an estimated value of pi, which is then subtracted from the actual value of pi. However, when I run it, I get an error saying that name 'piCalc' is not defined. Any ideas as to what I did wrong?</p> <pre><code>import math import random def computePI (numThrows): circl...
<p>You have not declared global in your function</p> <pre><code>import math import random def computePI (numThrows): global piCalc circleCount = 0 for i in range(numThrows): xPos = random.uniform (-1.0, 1.0) yPos = random.uniform (-1.0, 1.0) distance = math.hypot(xPos, yPos) if distance &l...
python|python-3.x|nameerror
0
5,706
65,257,711
Jupyter keeps producing a 500 error no matter what (new and existing notebooks)
<p>I am running into a 500: Internal Server Error when launching Jupyter, and trying to open or create a notebook. I checked multiple threads here, but nothing worked. I also tried installing, reinstalling, installing from within PyCharm, and from the commandline. I used the steps on Juypter official website as well. I...
<p>I recommend that you update your python version. Make sure that your jupyter installation is running with the new version and not 3.6.0.</p>
python|jupyter-notebook|jupyter|jupyter-lab|jupyter-console
0
5,707
65,406,991
How to fetch the resource ID of an virtual machine in azure using python
<p>how to get the resource ID of an VM in azure with using subscriptionID, vm name and resource group</p>
<h1>We can use rest api to get resource id.</h1> <p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/compute/virtualmachines/get#code-try-0" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Offical Doc: Virtual Machines - Get</a></p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/rta9w.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur....
python|python-3.x|azure
0
5,708
71,888,174
Predicting future data using a single column as input data
<p>I am having trouble with predicting future values with my input set. I am fairly new with statsmodels so I am not sure if it is even possible to do with this much input data.</p> <p>This is the DataFrame that I am using. (Note: Starts at index 5 since I had to filter some data)</p> <pre><code> year suicides_no 5...
<p>This is a rather open-ended problem. I can certainly show you how you might write some code to make <strong>a</strong> prediction, but I think discussing how to make a <strong>good</strong> prediction is beyond the scope of StackOverflow. It will be very dependent on a good understanding of the problem domain.</p> <...
python|pandas|dataframe|matplotlib|statsmodels
0
5,709
72,076,771
Class Input Question for user not showing up on console when taking user input for OOP in Python
<p>I am making a bank simulator that needs input from the user regarding the name of their &quot;bank account&quot;.</p> <p>Here is my code:</p> <pre><code>class Account(): def __init__(self,balance=0): self.owner = input(&quot;What is your full name, again?: &quot;) self.balance = balance </code></pre> <p>However,...
<p>You need to create an instance of <code>Account</code>, so that <code>__init__</code> gets called.</p> <pre><code>class Account(): def __init__(self,balance=0): self.owner = input(&quot;What is your full name, again?: &quot;) self.balance = balance a = Account() </code></pre> <p>However, you should ...
python|python-3.x
1
5,710
10,275,971
How to tell if there is a missing item in request.REQUEST in Django
<p>I have five keys that I want to check are in request.REQUEST. So I want to make sure first_name, last_name, age, gender, and location are all in request.REQUEST. Then if one or more are not there, I want to tell the which attributes are missing.</p> <p>Is there a way to do this without using a bunch of if stateme...
<p>Create a set of the keys that you expect, and a set of the keys that were returned, and intersect them:</p> <pre><code>expected = set(['first_name', 'last_name', 'age']) got = set(request.REQUEST.keys()) if expected.issubset(got): # Request contained everything you expected # Bonus points: check if field w...
python|django
1
5,711
10,745,595
What causes a method wrapped via a metaclass to forget self when called?
<p>The following code allows me to follow the operation of how metaclasses work. However, when lines 21 and 22 are uncommented, <code>Metaclass.__init__</code> will fail because the <code>self</code> argument is not passed to the wrapped method. What is causing <code>VerboseFunction.__call__</code> to not pass the nee...
<p>The <code>VerboseMetaclass</code> class can be modified, and the <code>VerboseFunction</code> class can be removed. <code>VerboseMetaclass.wrap</code> should be altered as follows, and <code>wrap_function</code> should be added.</p> <pre><code>@classmethod def wrap(cls, key, value): sign('VerboseMetaclass') ...
python|metaclass
2
5,712
5,393,557
adding nodes to xml file with same node name but different attributes with Python Dom
<p><br> is it possible to add two nodes with the same name to a xml document ?<br> That is something like that :<br> <strong>Initial file :</strong></p> <pre><code>&lt;Files&gt; &lt;Filter&gt; &lt;/Filter&gt; &lt;/Files&gt; </code></pre> <p><strong>Wanted file :</strong></p> <pre><code>&lt;Files&gt; &lt;Filter...
<p>Not sure where your code is going wrong, as you've not provided a testable example. I'm not particularly familiar with minidom, I prefer lxml.</p> <p>I suspect you need to instantiate each new child node separately.</p> <p>This works for me:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import xml.dom.minidom &gt;&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;...
python|xml|dom|minidom
3
5,713
5,429,577
showing progress while spawning and running subprocess
<p>I need to show some progress bar or something while spawning and running subprocess. How can I do that with python? </p> <pre><code>import subprocess cmd = ['python','wait.py'] p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, bufsize=1024,stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) p.stdin.close() outputmessag...
<p>Since the subprocess call is blocking, one way to print something out while waiting would be to use multithreading. Here's an example using threading._Timer:</p> <pre><code>import threading import subprocess class RepeatingTimer(threading._Timer): def run(self): while True: self.finished.w...
python|subprocess|progressdialog
6
5,714
64,226,516
How to set mocked exception behavior on Python?
<p>I am using an external library (github3.py) that defines an internal exception (github3.exceptions.UnprocessableEntity). It doesn't matter how this exception is defined, so I want to create a side effect and set the attributes I use from this exception.</p> <p>Tested code not-so-minimal example:</p> <pre><code>impor...
<p>So based on your example, you don't really need to mock <a href="https://github.com/sigmavirus24/github3.py/blob/master/src/github3/exceptions.py#L287" rel="nofollow noreferrer">github3.exceptions.UnprocessableEntity</a> but only the incoming <a href="https://github.com/sigmavirus24/github3.py/blob/master/src/github...
python-3.x|unit-testing|exception|pytest|pytest-mock
1
5,715
64,607,822
copy dataframe lines and replace on the same dataframe
<p>I have a dataframe in which I have 2 records that are with few values, I wanted to replace those records with others with more values, make a copy. Does anyone know how to do this on pandas or vaex?</p> <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/9cgiM.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer">image</a></p> <p>wanted to replace the ...
<p>If I understand you correctly, this should be straightforward in vaex:</p> <pre><code>df['new_col'] = df.func.where(df.day_of_week==148, 140, df.day_of_week) </code></pre> <p>In vaex the new column will be virtual, i.e. not take any memory. So it does not matter if you overwrite your existing one, or keep a separate...
python|pandas|vaex
0
5,716
70,058,771
Finding continued fractions of pi with Stern-Brocot tree
<p>Im trying to use python to determine the continued fractions of pi by following the stern brocot tree. Its simple, if my estimation of pi is too high, take a left, if my estimation of pi is too low, take a right.</p> <p>Im using <code>mpmath</code> to get arbitrary precision floating numbers, as python doesn't suppo...
<p>You need to include the term prec=xxxxx in each fdiv operation, eg:<code>mp.fdiv(stern_frac[0],stern_frac[1])</code> becomes <code>mp.fdiv(stern_frac[0],stern_frac[1], prec=200)</code></p>
python|math|mpmath
0
5,717
10,953,548
Correct way to save nested formsets in Django
<p>I have a 3-level Test model I want to present as nested formsets. Each Test has multiple Results, and each Result can have multiple Lines. I am following <a href="http://yergler.net/blog/2009/09/27/nested-formsets-with-django/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Yergler's method</a> for creating nested formsets, along with...
<p>When I used <code>extra</code> on formsets in similar situation I ended up having to include all the required fields from the model in the form, as HiddenInputs. A bit ugly but it worked, curious if anyone has a hack-around.</p> <p><strong>edit</strong><br> I was confused when I wrote above, I'd just been working o...
python|django|django-forms
1
5,718
11,058,199
Why does SciPy's loadmat throw a MemoryError when reading a 200 MB Matlab struct
<p>I'm using the following code to try to load a MAT file in Python. I can load it without issue in MATLAB. </p> <pre><code>from scipy.io import loadmat test_filename = 'test_data.mat' #This is a struct data =loadmat(test_filename, struct_as_record=True) </code></pre> <p>Running that code produces this error:</p> <p...
<p>I found the answer.</p> <p>Loadmat can't deal with heavily nested structures. In the data set I was given, three of the struct fields, 'waves, neurons, contvars' were cell arrays. Each member of that cell array was a struct. Some of the fields of those structs were themselves cell arrays. Those cell arrays had one ...
python|matlab|file-io|scipy|mat-file
3
5,719
11,307,538
Is there an equivalent Matlab dot function in numpy?
<p>Is there an equivalent Matlab <code>dot</code> function in numpy? </p> <p>The <code>dot</code> function in Matlab: For multidimensional arrays A and B, dot returns the scalar product along the first non-singleton dimension of A and B. A and B must have the same size.</p> <p>In numpy the following is similar but no...
<p>In MATLAB, <code>dot(A,B)</code> of two matrices <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> of same size is simply:</p> <pre><code>sum(conj(A).*B) </code></pre> <p>Equivalent Python/Numpy:</p> <pre><code>np.sum(A.conj()*B, axis=0) </code></pre>
python|matlab|numpy
10
5,720
63,492,418
Plotting a graph with neworkx using a csv file as co-occurence matrix
<p>I made a co-occurrence matrix using sklearn CountVectorizer and saved it as a csv file. Let's say it looks something like that :</p> <pre><code> Unnamed: 0 a b c d 0 a 0 1 0 0 1 b 2 0 1 0 2 c 0 1 0 3 3 d 0 0 1 0 </code></pre> <p>What would be the easiest way t...
<p>As @ALollz has mentioned in the comments, you can use <code>G=nx.from_pandas_adjacency(df)</code> to create a graph from your pandas dataframe and then visualize it with <code>pyvis.network</code> as follows:</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np import networkx as nx from pyvis.network import Networ...
python|pandas|networkx
1
5,721
56,544,310
Two player Tic-tac toe Python program not running completely
<p>I am trying to write a simple two player tic-tac toe game but whenever I run it always says its a tie. I can't seem to find the problem with it so I was wondering if someone would assist me in figuring out why it always does that. I've attached the sample code below.</p> <pre><code>import random import os def dis...
<p>The error may be in the function <code>position_check</code>, where you check if the board position is equal to <code>""</code>, while you may want to check if it is still a space <code>" "</code>:</p> <pre><code>def position_check(board,position): if board[position] == "": return True else: ...
python
0
5,722
69,741,459
How to assign new column to existing DataFrame in pandas
<p>I'm new to pandas. I'm trying to add new columns to my existing DataFrame but It's not getting assigned don't know why can anyone explain me what I'm missing this is what i tried</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(data = {&quot;test&quot;:[&quot;mkt1&quot;,&quot;mkt2&quot;,&quot;mkt3&quot;], ...
<p>Pandas <code>assign</code> method returns a new modified dataframe with a new column, it does not modify it in place.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame(data = {&quot;test&quot;:[&quot;mkt1&quot;,&quot;mkt2&quot;,&quot;mkt3&quot;], &quot...
python|pandas
1
5,723
60,869,676
Appending to a new row when converting from xml to csv in python
<p>Im having trouble writing each <code>control_code</code> along with its <code>description</code> on a new row rather than having it in the same row but different column (see image). Any ideas would be appreciated!</p> <p>This is the <a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/static/feeds/xml/sp80053/rev4/800-53-controls.xml" re...
<p>Reset <code>list_nodes=[]</code> when you want a new row. Right now you have:</p> <pre><code>for element in root.findall('control'): list_nodes=[] ... for controlStmt in element.findall('statement'): ... csvwriter.writerow(list_nodes) </code></pre> <p>And it should be:</p> <pr...
python|xml|csv|elementtree
0
5,724
66,000,324
Python Scrapy: How do you run your spider from a seperate file?
<p>So I've created a spider in scrapy that now successfully targets all the text I want.</p> <p>How exactly do you execute this spider in another python file? Cause I want to be able to pass it new URLs/store the data it finds within a dictionary and then a dataframe.</p> <p>Cause at the moment I can only get it to run...
<p>In Scrapy doc <a href="https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/practices.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Common Practices</a> you can see <a href="https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/practices.html#run-scrapy-from-a-script" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Run Scrapy from a script</a></p> <pre><code>import scrapy fro...
python|scrapy|screen-scraping
1
5,725
69,106,967
Jupyter matplotlib widget: place toolbar horizontally over plot?
<p>Consider the following Jupyter notebook Python code:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>%matplotlib widget import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from ipywidgets import widgets, Layout from IPython.display import display out_widget_plot = widgets.Output() with out_widget_plot: with plt.style.context(&...
<p>Well, this was a short joy; as of ipympl 0.8.4, the below hack does not work anymore: <a href="https://github.com/matplotlib/ipympl/issues/411" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Getting back toolbar on left (if set to top position) in 0.8.4? · Issue #411 · matplotlib/ipympl</a> - so the work I put in to get the hack working...
python|matplotlib|jupyter-notebook|ipywidgets
1
5,726
69,141,545
create a multidimensional array field in Django model
<p>I get multidimensional arrays must-have array expressions with matching dimensions error from Django when I try to insert data into my model, below is my model and the data format i have</p> <pre><code>effect = ArrayField( ArrayField( models.IntegerField( blank=True, ...
<p>This is not an issue with the ArrayField, but with the Django Admin. The default admin widget expects the Array to be 1-dimensional (both when displaying as when updating).</p> <p>If you want to use the django-admin you can use something like <a href="https://django-jsonform.readthedocs.io/en/stable/guide/arrayfield...
python|arrays|django|django-models
0
5,727
72,498,432
Python: Naming of columns and merging two data frames into one
<p>I would like to give my sample data column names. I'd like the columns be named after objective functions and their decision variables like this: f_1, f_2, h, b, l, t</p> <p>Sample data:</p> <pre><code>sampler = qmc.LatinHypercube(d=4) u_bounds = np.array([5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 10.0]) l_bounds = np.array([0.125, 0.125, 0...
<p>Like the error says, you can't <code>concat</code> a dataframe with a numpy array.</p> <p>So you should transform y, the numpy array, into a df to concat with another df:</p> <pre><code>y = np.zeros((2,2)) y = pd.DataFrame(y) #this pd.concat([df, y]) </code></pre> <p><strong>Reproducing error:</strong></p> <p><a h...
python|pandas|dataframe|optimization
1
5,728
72,569,074
How do I test start_server_http is working for Prometheus
<p>I have created this monitoring class that updates some Counter Metrics according to some logic. I have attached the code. Please can someone explain to me why would my registry be empty even after I add the test metric.</p> <pre><code>import logging from prometheus_client import ( CollectorRegistry, Counter,...
<p>before = reporter.registry.get_sample_value('bycounter', ['level1', 'WSJ2'])</p> <p>The counter is being renamed as <code>bycounter_total</code></p>
python|testing|prometheus|prometheus-alertmanager
0
5,729
72,782,449
nltk stopwords - AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'words'
<p>This is my import:</p> <pre><code>from nltk.corpus import stopwords </code></pre> <p>And this is my code:</p> <pre><code>def stopwords(text): &quot;&quot;&quot;a function for removing the stopword&quot;&quot;&quot; sw = stopwords.words('english') # removing the stop words and lowercasing the selected words text = [w...
<p>Hello the problem is that you've named your function like the nltk.corpus module. You should find an other name for your function and it'll work I think.</p>
python|error-handling|nlp|nltk|stop-words
1
5,730
68,384,466
CustomMaskWarning when using Keras OxfordPets code
<p>I'm on a project that is taking the Oxford Pets code <a href="https://keras.io/examples/vision/oxford_pets_image_segmentation/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://keras.io/examples/vision/oxford_pets_image_segmentation/</a> and modifying it various ways. We're getting the following warning (when running on Google Col...
<p>As mentioned by @Henrique Mendonça, This warning appears when we use Resnet model on Tfv2.5.</p> <p>These warnings will not hamper your code execution, still you can suppress these warnings using following code</p> <pre><code>import logging, os logging.disable(logging.WARNING) os.environ[&quot;TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL&q...
python|keras|tf.keras
5
5,731
59,337,219
How can I change my x-axis ticks to show every date on my x-axis in my chart?
<p>I downloaded Bitcoin price data and I want to plot the results. This is my code to retrieve price data:</p> <pre><code>import requests periods = '86400' resp = requests.get('https://api.cryptowat.ch/markets/bitfinex/btcusd/ohlc', params={'periods': periods}) data = resp.json() df = pd.DataFrame(data['result'][per...
<p>Try this:</p> <pre><code>plt.xticks(price.index, price.index, rotation=45) </code></pre> <p>As per the <a href="https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.xticks.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a> you can provide the index <strong>and</strong> the labels.</p> <p><a href="https://i.s...
python|matplotlib|charts|axis|bitcoin
0
5,732
63,254,419
pandas: groupby apply using numba
<p>Using pandas v1.1.0.</p> <p>In the pandas docs there is a nice example on how to use numba to speed up a <code>rolling.apply()</code> operation <a href="https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/computation.html#rolling-apply" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a></p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import...
<p>Have you tried Bodo for this? It's built on top of Numba and supports Pandas directly. For example:</p> <pre><code>pip install bodo </code></pre> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import pandas as pd import numpy as np import bodo def mad(x): return np.fabs(x - x.mean()).mean() np.random.seed(0) ...
python|pandas|pandas-groupby|numba|bodo
4
5,733
63,219,811
Algorithm to print all valid combinations of n pairs of parentheses
<p>This is a very popular interview question and there are tons of pages on the internet about the solution to this problem. eg. <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31479647/calculating-the-complexity-of-algorithm-to-print-all-valid-i-e-properly-opene">Calculating the complexity of algorithm to print all valid...
<p>It looks like a wrong approach.</p> <p>As you can see in your failure case <code>(())(())</code> your algorithm may only obtain such string by placing parenthesis around <code>())(()</code>. Unfortunately the latter is not a valid combination, and cannot be generated: the prior recursive call only builds valid ones....
python|algorithm|combinations
0
5,734
62,898,228
Scrapy spider is repeating scraped data
<p>from scrapy.spiders import Spider from ..items import QtItem</p> <pre><code>class QuoteSpider(Spider): name = 'acres' start_urls = ['any_url'] def parse(self, response): items = QtItem() all_div_names = response.xpath('//article') for bks in all_div_names: name = all_div_names.xpath('/...
<p>You use a for loop but not use for loop variable 'bks'.</p> <pre><code> for bks in all_div_names: name = bks.xpath('//span[@class=&quot;css-fwbz9r&quot;]/text()').extract() price = bks.xpath('//h2[@class=&quot;css-yr18fa&quot;]/text()').extract() sqft = bks.xpath('//div[@class=&quot;css-1t...
python-3.x|scrapy|data-science
1
5,735
58,701,646
Getting mouse relative motion even at the border of screen
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> I want to have the relative movement of my mouse even when she is on the border of my screen (so I can't compute the vector between 2 moment).</p> <p><strong>Application:</strong> I want to make a helper for mortar shooting in a game called 'squad', you control the mortar with your mouse. ...
<p>Rather than warping the cursor to the center of the screen, could you just warp it back a little from the edge? It seems like anti-cheat software would have a harder time detecting that.</p>
python|mouse|motion
0
5,736
59,021,295
How to convert dictionaries to nested dictionary?
<p>I have the dictionary as shown below:</p> <pre><code>dict1 = {'K7': ['k07 = v07', ''], 'K2': ['k02 = v02', ''], 'K01': ['k2 = v2', 'k02 = v2', ''], 'K3': ['k1 = v1', ''], 'K02': ['k2 = v2', '']} </code></pre> <p>I am trying to make a nested dictionary as follows:</p> <pre><code>dict1 = [{'K7': {'k07' : 'v07'}}, {...
<p>You can use <code>dict</code> with a list comprehension:</p> <pre><code>dict1 = {'K7': ['k07 = v07', ''], 'K2': ['k02 = v02', ''], 'K01': ['k2 = v2', 'k02 = v2', ''], 'K3': ['k1 = v1', ''], 'K02': ['k2 = v2', '']} new_d = [{a:dict(i.split(' = ') for i in b if i)} for a, b in dict1.items()] </code></pre> <p>Output:...
python|python-2.7|dictionary
2
5,737
59,570,611
PySide2/QT for Python : Widget not updating / GUI Freezing
<p>I'm using pyside2 with python. On a Qmainwindow, I've created a QpushButton and a Qlabel. The label is hidden at the init of the mainWindow, and the pushButton is connected to the following function, defined in mainWindow : </p> <pre><code>def buttonPushed(self): self.label.show() self.doStuff() ...
<p>If a task is executed for a long time, it will block the Qt event loop causing certain ones to not work properly since the events cannot be transmitted causing the window to freeze, generating as an effect what you indicate.</p> <p>So in those cases you must execute that task in another thread (assuming that task d...
python|pyside2
4
5,738
25,127,134
Intelligently Execute Python Functions in Order
<p>I'm curious what the relative merits are of calling functions in a program using a decorator to create an ordered map of the functions, and iterating through that map, versus directly calling the functions in the order I want. Below are two examples that yield the same result:</p> <pre><code>PROCESS_MAP = {} def...
<p>I would prefer the second (non-decorated) approach in all situations I can think of. Explicitly naming the functions is direct, obvious, and clear. Consider asking the question "where is this function called from?" and how you might answer that in each case.</p> <p>There is a possible bug in your decorator where it...
python|decorator
4
5,739
70,922,483
QGraphicsView scale scene gives weird results
<p>Inside the <code>QGraphView</code>'s <code>mouseMoveEvent</code> I'm calculating the difference of the mouse position to scale the view's scene by scaling a transform. This seems to work well, but it scales in a weird way. Like it almost feels like it makes the items slide as the anchor to which it scales from doesn...
<p>The scale transformation is always applied on the origin point of the matrix (the top left corner). This causes the scene rect to adapt inside the view.</p> <p>To scale around a specific point, you need to first translate the matrix, then apply the scale, and finally restore the translation back:</p> <pre><code> ...
python|qt5|pyside2|qgraphicsview
2
5,740
60,220,406
remove new line spaces from json file and reading it in pandas dataframe
<pre><code>{"country":"India","city":"Chennai","lat":13.0827,"lon":80.2707,"isp":"Facebook, Inc.","query":"157.240.23.19"} {"country":"India","city":"Mumbai","lat":19.076,"lon":72.8777,"isp":"Facebook, Inc.","query":"31.13.79.18"} {"country":"India","city":"Bhadohi","lat":25.3953,"lon":82.5703,"isp":"Railtel Enterprise...
<p>Your sample json file is incorrect, If you are using lines=True, each object should be in new line, and not in single line.</p> <pre><code>{"country":"India","city":"Chennai","lat":13.0827,"lon":80.2707,"isp":"Facebook, Inc.","query":"157.240.23.19"} {"country":"India","city":"Mumbai","lat":19.076,"lon":72.8777,"is...
python|json|pandas|newline|spaces
0
5,741
60,280,364
Kivy - Saving object's values changed in Popup, so that after closing it, when I open the popup again it opens with new values
<p>I want to change some button labels of a class in a popup and retain the new label after reopening the popup. If you run my app, you can see that after pressing "Press me" button, a popup appears with a button with a label "Default", after pressing on it, it changes the label to "New". I want to be able to close the...
<p>One way that you can do it, is by keeping a reference to the popup.<br> The <code>py</code> side:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>Window.clearcolor = (1, 1, 1, 1) Window.size = (800, 480) class MyGrid(Widget): def __init__(self, **kwargs): super(MyGrid, self).__init__(**kwargs) ...
python|python-3.x|kivy|kivy-language
0
5,742
60,119,971
Seaborn/Matplotlib categorical plot markers size by count of observations
<p>I want to scale markers on a plot of 2 categorical variables by count of observations.</p> <p>I am using <code>seaborn.pairplot</code> for easiness, because I have quite a lot of variables (features). But I don't think there is an argument for a case like this.</p>
<p>I am guessing that what you are looking for is a <a href="https://rpkgs.datanovia.com/ggpubr/reference/ggballoonplot.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">balloon plot</a>, also known as a matrix bubble chart or a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50399802/python-categorical-bubble-plot">categorical bubble plot...
python|matplotlib|seaborn
1
5,743
5,630,186
Python: Find item in multidimensional list
<p>I have a list of lists, a snippet of which is below:</p> <p><code>x_attrib = []</code></p> <pre><code>self.x_attrib.append(["Is_virtual", False, 'virtual', 'flag']) self.x_attrib.append(["X_pos", None, 'pos/x', 'attrib']) self.x_attrib.append(["Y_pos", None, 'pos/y', 'attrib']) </code></pre> <p>I want make a func...
<p>If I understand correctly, you need to something like this:</p> <pre><code>def find_it(key): for index, sublist in enumerate(lists): if sublist[0] == key: return index </code></pre> <p>Having said that your code looks like you are solving the more general problem incorrectly. i.e. that list l...
python|list|find|multidimensional-array
4
5,744
67,757,732
Pygame not exiting even after receiving keypress
<p>So I'm trying to exit the pygame using a function but its not working. It's definitely entering the function block but for some reason is not quitting after the keypress.</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>import pygame from pygame import mixer from random import * from math import * pygame.init() ...
<p>&quot;running&quot; is not associated with anything. You need a while running loop.</p> <pre><code>running = True while running: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: running = False screen.fill((120,120,120)) pygame.display.update() </c...
python|pygame|game-loop
0
5,745
66,868,387
Generating a numpy array of ones and zeros with weighted chance for ones equal 0.11
<p>How can I generate a size 10000 Numpy array of 1's and 0's where getting 1's is weighted by a chance of 0.11?</p>
<p>Use numpy's <a href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/random/generated/numpy.random.choice.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">random choice</a>.</p> <pre><code>from numpy.random import choice ratio = 0.11 draw = choice([0,1], 10000, p=[1-ratio, ratio]) # Evaluate sum(draw) # 1119 </code></pre>
python|numpy|probability
0
5,746
66,833,120
How can I annotate text/mark in matplotlib based on an if condition?
<p>I have 3 pandas series plotted where the values are:</p> <pre><code>date_series = date1,date2... price_series = price1,price2... factor_series = factor1,factor2... </code></pre> <p>and so i wish to annotate/highlight it on a matplotlib figure automatically based on an if condition which is when factor_series &gt; ...
<p>If possible, I would recommend putting your series together in a DataFrame indexed by date for easier access. Then you can add a scatterplot of the subset DataFrame: <code>df[df['factor'] &gt; 4]</code> to your secondary y-axis object with corresponding text and markers.</p> <pre><code>import pandas as pd import num...
python|pandas|matplotlib|data-visualization
3
5,747
66,931,837
Pandas copy previous day's data based on key and date range
<p>I have below dataframe in Pandas. I want to roll/copy the data for the missing dates withing the start/end dates.</p> <p>I want to create rows for 3-MAR-21 and 4-MAR-21 as per below ---</p> <p>For 3-MAR-21, all the three loans L1, L2 and L3 rows should be copied from 2-MAR-21</p> <p>For 4-MAR-21, only L1 and L3 shou...
<p>You could try:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code># 4-MAR-21 rows = df.loc[df['DATE'] == '2-MAR-21, :] rows['DATE] = '3-MAR-21' df = df.append(rows, ignore_index=True) # 5-MAR-21 rows = df.loc[ (df[&quot;DATE&quot;] == &quot;2-MAR-21&quot;) &amp; ((df[&quot;Loan ID&quot;] == &quot;L1&quot;) | (...
python|pandas
0
5,748
42,652,111
How to delete queried results from Splunk database?
<p>Query is on Splunk DB data delete: </p> <p>My requirement:</p> <p>I do a query to splunk, based on time stamp, "from date" &amp; "to date".</p> <p>After I got the list of all events results between the timestamp, I want to delete these list of events from the Splunk database.</p> <p>Each queried results data wil...
<p>I'm not sure you can actually delete them to free up storage space. As written <a href="https://answers.splunk.com/answers/1484/how-do-i-delete-events.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>, what you can do is simply mask the results from ever showing up again in the next searches.</p> <p>To do this, simply pipe ...
python|splunk-query
0
5,749
42,979,837
python not defined error function/argument
<p>I am having a problem with an error message about tk not being defined? </p> <p>How can I get around this, I thought I defined it. I was wondering if it was a problem with the <code>window = tk</code> but when I remove one and vice versa the define problem still occurs.</p> <pre><code>import tkinter import os win...
<p>Your code is a bit namespace messed up. Some parts of your code follows the format <code>from tkinter import *</code> provides. While some parts followed the format <code>import tkinter</code>. You <em>can</em> do both, but it's not preferred. Many people like to use import <code>tkinter as tk</code> since it's eas...
python|python-2.7|authentication|tkinter|interface
0
5,750
72,149,677
Two 2D array's of coordinates, finding if any of the coordinates from the different arrays are within a set distance of one another (python)
<p>I have been trying to figure out how to make it so there is two 2D arrays, each containing a number of arrays that have x and y coordinates for set objects of the same class. The two arrays contain coordinates of objects of two different classes. I've been trying to essentially do a scan of each points surroundings,...
<p>Split into two lists:</p> <pre><code>apples = [x for x in objects if isinstance(x, Apple)] oranges = [x for x in objects if isinstance(x, Orange)] </code></pre> <p>Then compare all of them against each other, brute-force, i.e. O(n^2):</p> <pre><code>colliding_pairs = [ (a, o) for a in apples for o in ora...
python|arrays|multidimensional-array
0
5,751
72,371,137
Python GUI Tutorials
<p>I'm looking for good longform tutorials on creating GUIs with Python. I've found one previous answers, but it's quite old (10 years) and closed. What would you recommend? Any good example repos?</p> <p>I want to have a dynamic user interface that allows the user to tab between different screens, enter data, and se...
<p>you have this tuturial in first link in English with PYQT and guizero in the second link(in portuguese)</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOItX2aKTGc" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOItX2aKTGc</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiTnSna5qYf9tC0mBScw2Rg" rel=...
python|python-3.x|user-interface|dynamic|graphics
0
5,752
65,807,468
module "android" has no attibute "Android()"
<p>My python interpreter on my phone says there is no <em>&quot;attribute&quot;</em> Android in the android module, which i am able import:</p> <blockquote> <p>module 'android' has no attribute 'Android()'</p> </blockquote> <p>I am pretty sure it's supposed to be a class. I am using android 10 and I have an a71 samsung...
<p>Try</p> <pre><code>import androidhelper droid = androidhelper.Android() </code></pre> <p>or</p> <pre><code>import androidhelper as android droid=android.Android() </code></pre>
python-3.x
0
5,753
65,720,929
PyGame only shows black screen
<pre><code>import pygame, sys #from pygame.locals import * def load_map(path): f = open(path + &quot;.txt&quot;,&quot;r&quot;) data = f.read() f.close() data = data.split(&quot;\n&quot;) game_map = [] for row in data: game_map.append(list(row)) return(game_map) #main pygame.init() ...
<p>You have to target surfaces, <code>screen</code> and <code>display</code>. However, just 1 of this surfaces can be associated to the window.</p> <blockquote> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>screen = pygame.display.set_mode(window_size, 0, 32) </code></pre> </blockquote> <p>Therefore you will only see...
python|pygame|pygame-surface
0
5,754
65,623,799
StaleElementReferenceException even after adding the wait while collecting the data from the wikipedia using web-scraping
<p>I am a newbie to the web-scraping. Pardon my silly mistakes if there are any.</p> <p>I have been working on a project in which I need a list of movies as my data. I am trying to collect the data from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Bollywood_films" rel="nofollow noreferrer">wikipedia</a> using we...
<p>To collect the data from the wikipedia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Bollywood_films" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Lists of Bollywood films</a> using <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54459701/what-is-selenium-and-what-is-webdriver/54482491#54482491">Selenium</a> and <a href="/questions/tag...
python-3.x|selenium|selenium-webdriver|web-scraping|webdriverwait
1
5,755
50,701,591
when i take input from user and wanna convert that input,the system errors
<p>[enter image description here][1]</p> <p><div class="snippet" data-lang="js" data-hide="false" data-console="true" data-babel="false"> <div class="snippet-code"> <pre class="snippet-code-html lang-html prettyprint-override"><code>from word2number import w2n w2n.word_to_num('one') 1 q = input('write your number le...
<p>Please post the full code as text that you are trying that is giving you errors. </p> <p>But the code from the Word2number documentation is working fine for me. </p> <p><a href="https://pypi.org/project/word2number/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://pypi.org/project/word2number/</a></p> <p><strong>Python 3</stro...
python-2.x
0
5,756
51,001,489
Download text data from HTML link in Python
<p>Hi I want to download delimited text which is hosted on a HTML Link. (The link is accessible on a Private network only, so can't share here). </p> <p>In R, following function solves the purpose (all other functions gave "Unauthorized access" or "401" error)</p> <pre><code>url = 'https://dw-results.ansms.com/dw-pla...
<p></p> <pre><code>def geturls(path): yy=open(path,'rb').read() yy="".join(str(yy)) yy=yy.split('&lt;a') out=[] for d in yy: z=d.find('href="') if z&gt;-1: x=d[z+6:len(d)] r=x.find('"') x=x[:r] x=x.strip(' ./') # ...
python|pandas|url|https
0
5,757
3,973,325
Remove all html in python?
<p>Is there a way to remove/escape html tags using lxml.html and not beautifulsoup which has some xss issues? I tried using cleaner, but i want to remove all html.</p>
<p>I believe that, this code can help you:</p> <pre><code>from lxml.html.clean import Cleaner html_text = "&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;body&gt;Text&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;" cleaner = Cleaner(allow_tags=[''], remove_unknown_tags=False) cleaned_text = cleaner.clean_html(html_text) </co...
python|tags|xss|lxml
12
5,758
35,224,186
Conda create environment fails with Error: No packages found
<p>This is on Windows (32bit) and the full error message is: <code>Error: No packages found in current win-32 channels matching: package_name</code> I have been unable to get the conda package management to work.<br> Reinstalling Anaconda didn't solve the problem.</p>
<p>The problem is that I had created a file in my home directory .condarc which had the following contents:</p> <pre><code>create_default_packages: - PACKAGE_NAME </code></pre> <p>I don't know how I did it. I think I had followed half asleep an instruction to create the non existent package <code>package_name</cod...
python|conda
0
5,759
35,116,689
TensorFlow exited abnormally with code 137
<p>I'm trying convolutional neural net using TensorFlow.</p> <p>Though I could success some training, the script failed with</p> <pre><code>Process Python exited abnormally with code 137 </code></pre> <p>when I just changed the training data. The data sizes of the first and second data are the same, and I could tr...
<p>Exit code 137 means that your Python process was killed by the SIGKILL signal. It's hard to say for certain, but one possibility is that your process was killed by the OOM (out-of-memory) killer. Check <code>/var/log/messages</code> to see if there is any information about why your process was killed.</p> <p><a hre...
python|tensorflow
8
5,760
34,998,939
return all columns when filtering matrix with Numpy pythonically
<p>I have tried several methods and cannot get both columns back. The filtering works, but only returns one column.</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np &lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;read in some data, now get counts&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; unique, counts = np.unique(data[0::,2], return_counts=True) x = np.asmatrix((unique, counts)) x = x.ast...
<p>You may consider using <code>asarray</code> instead of <code>asmatrix</code> :</p> <pre><code>x = np.asarray((unique, counts)) </code></pre> <p>Then it should work as you except.</p> <p>When I run your code on python 3.4 / numpy 1.10.1, if i use <code>asmatrix</code> I get:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; x = np.asm...
python|numpy
2
5,761
35,215,937
python maze using recursion
<p>I want to solve a maze using recursion. The program opens a text file like this one:</p> <pre><code>10 20 1 1 10 20 ----------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | |-+ +-+-+ +-+ + +-+ + + +-+-+ +-+-+ + + | | | | | | | | | | | | + +-+ + + +-+-+-+ + + + + + +...
<p>Looking at your code I see several errors. You do not handle the entry and exit row/column pairs correctly. (10,20) is correct for this maze, if you assume that every other row, and every other column, is a grid line. That is, if the <code>|</code> and <code>-</code> characters represent infinitely thin lines that h...
python|recursion|backtracking|maze
2
5,762
26,830,707
pass python argument to awk script
<p>I am using a python script which takes in few arguments:</p> <pre><code> pipeline.py -t reg.bed -n WT -s run -ID 567 </code></pre> <p>Inside the python script, i am using awk script which should take in the arguments passed above:</p> <p>For instance, it should take the argument by name, ID = 567 and print it in ...
<p>use awk's <code>-v</code> option</p> <pre><code>awk -v id=567 '{print id, $0}' input.txt &gt; output.txt </code></pre> <p>Although this awk script is so simple, surely you should implement it in python.</p>
python|awk|arguments
1
5,763
56,781,521
How to glue (stitch) two python code together?
<p>I am wondering what is the best way to put together codes from different python files into a new python file. Lets say the first file <code>1.py</code>would consist of:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>def(...): a=1 b=2 return c=a+b </code></pre> <p>And another file <code>2.py</code>...
<p>If you're on a unix shell:</p> <p><code>cat 1.py 2.py &gt; 3.py</code></p>
python|python-3.x
6
5,764
44,934,026
Mock functions in a function dict in python
<p>Let's say I have a class declared like below:</p> <pre><code>class SampleClass(object): def __init__(self): self.ops = { 'key 1': self.function_a, 'key 2': self.function_b } def function_a(self): print('Inside a') def function_b(self): print('Inside b') ...
<p>It's possible to patch dictionary entries, here's an example that's very similar to what you posted:</p> <pre><code>from mock import patch, Mock class SampleClass(): def __init__(self): self.ops = { 'key 1': self.function_a, 'key 2': self.function_b } def function_a...
python|python-2.7|unit-testing|mocking
2
5,765
61,523,952
Pygame, if key pressed and then released action
<p>I am experimenting with physics for a game and wanted to try how you can speed up.</p> <p>My current code is this</p> <pre><code> def left(self): self.x -= 1 * self.xvelocity if not self.xvelocity == 10: self.xvelocity += 1 def right(self): self.x += 1 * self.xvelocity ...
<p>You can try breaking down your left/right inputs as follows:</p> <pre><code>1) left. Increase velocity to left till max 2) right. increase velocity to right till max 3) L+R. Invalid 4) No input. Velocity resets to zero 5) L-&gt;R/R-&gt;L. left velocity resets to zero and now increases in right direction. vice-v...
python|pygame
1
5,766
57,906,930
Why is Python subprocess not working as expected with named_pipe?
<p>I am using python subprocess to run a mysqlimport command. For tracking the uploading progress, I am using a named pipe and pipe_viewer. Here is another similar <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53981907/getting-pv-output-with-subprocess">problem</a>. </p> <p>The subprocess Pipes are running without any ...
<p>To get the ">" redirection to work correctly, you most likely need to set "shell=True" to the Popen function.</p>
mysql|python-3.x|subprocess|pipe|pv
1
5,767
56,208,340
Verify which numbers are prime in the list
<p>I am trying to verify which numbers in the list are primes.</p> <pre><code>vetor = [2,3,4,5,11,15,20] divisions_list = [] def isprime(): divisions = 0 i = 0 for i in range(1, vetor[i+1]): if i % i == 0: divisions = divisions + 1 divisions_list.append...
<p>You already had a piece of code that takes a number and checks if it is a prime or not, then instead of using it you reinvented the wheel and broke it in the process (for example, you re-used <code>i</code> which caused a division by zero and tried to check if a list is equal to 2 instead of checking if its length i...
python|loops|iteration|primes
2
5,768
56,123,769
How to check the feature names for the one hot label using keras.utils.to_categorical?
<p>I would like to check the vocabulary after applying keras.util.to_categorical.</p> <p>Eg. </p> <pre><code>from keras.utils import to_categorical l = to_categorical(np.asarray([1,2,3,4,5,6])) </code></pre> <p>when I print l[0]</p> <p>My result:</p> <pre><code>array([0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.], dtype=float32) </...
<p>The coding is fixed, positional one-hot encoding. <code>0</code> will always have a 1 in the first column, <code>1</code> will always have a 1 in the 2nd column and so on. Better understood using examples - </p> <pre><code>from keras.utils import to_categorical import numpy as np arr1 = np.asarray([0,1,2]) arr2 = ...
python|keras
1
5,769
18,683,909
Sqlalchemy query returns incorrect and outdated results (for sqlite engine)
<p>I'm using sqlalchemy with sqlite engine (development server) and just discovered that after update query, queries in next web-requests return outdated data set (that depends on fact which thread is used for the request, as I understand there is a pool of threads). </p> <p>I'm using <code>scoped_session</code> and t...
<p>You could issue a <a href="http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/rel_0_8/orm/session.html#sqlalchemy.orm.session.Session.refresh" rel="nofollow"><code>Session.refresh</code></a> with the database object you want to get the value of.</p>
python|sqlite|sqlalchemy|pyramid
1
5,770
55,184,318
keyboard shortcut for sublime text new version
<p>I have this code to create a shortcut to run current file in <code>sublimeREPL</code>:</p> <pre><code>{ "keys": ["ctrl+alt+b"], "command": "run_existing_window_command", "args": { "id": "repl_python_run", "file": "config/Python/Main.sublime-menu" } } </code></pre> <p>But with the su...
<p>This is the code:</p> <pre><code>{ "keys": ["ctrl+alt+b"], "command": "repl_open", "args": { "cmd": ["python", "-u", "-i", "$file_basename"], "cwd": "$file_path", "encoding": "utf8", "extend_env": {"PYTHONIOENCODING": "utf-8"}, "external_id": "python", "syntax": "Packages/Python/Python...
python|python-3.x|sublimetext3|sublimerepl
0
5,771
55,544,952
Order of Operation for python
<p>My question is to solve </p> <p><code>result = 8 - 4 ** 3 / 5 // 2 % 15 * 2</code></p> <p>This is what I did</p> <p>First: 4^3=64</p> <p>second: 5//2=2</p> <p>third: 64/2=32</p> <p>4th: 32%15=2</p> <p>5th: 2*2=4</p> <p>final: 8-4=4</p> <p>I expected the output of 8-4=4 but the actual output was -4.0.</p>
<p><code>result = 8 - 4 ** 3 / 5 // 2 % 15 * 2</code></p> <p>In your particular case, the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#operator-precedence" rel="nofollow noreferrer">operator precedence</a> is as follows:</p> <p>First, <code>**</code></p> <p>Second, <code>*</code>, <code>/</code>, <c...
python
1
5,772
57,639,529
Make the same cooldown for multiple discord.py bot commands?
<p>This is written in <code>discord.py</code>.</p> <p>I have multiple commands similar to the following:</p> <pre><code>@bot.command(name ="hi") async def hi(ctx): link = ["https://google.com", "https://youtube.com"] chosen = random.choice(link) url = chosen embed = discord.Embed(title="Your Link", de...
<p>This is how the <code>cooldowns</code> decorator is defined in the code:</p> <pre><code>def cooldown(rate, per, type=BucketType.default): def decorator(func): if isinstance(func, Command): func._buckets = CooldownMapping(Cooldown(rate, per, type)) else: func.__commands_co...
python|discord|discord.py
3
5,773
57,413,721
How can i generate random variables using np.random.zipf for a given range of values?
<p>I have a given price range and i had used random uniform to get random generated random results from it. How can i introduce <code>np.random.zipf</code> to do the same ?</p> <p>i have tried the following : </p> <pre><code>a = np.random.zipf((randint(1, 6000000)), size=None) print(a) </code></pre> <p>But it seems ...
<p>While @RobinNicole is right wrt Zipf distribution, you could simulate truncated Zipf using discrete sampling. Along the lines</p> <pre><code>import numpy as np from matplotlib import pyplot as plt def Zipf(a: np.float64, min: np.uint64, max: np.uint64, size=None): """ Generate Zipf-like random variables, ...
python|random
2
5,774
57,560,093
Can't create a python virtual environment on Ubuntu 18.04
<p>I'm a complete beginner to Ubuntu and I'm trying to create a virtual environment on Ubuntu 18.04. I had one running and it was working just fine, but I don't know what I did and know I cant get it to run.</p> <p>I deleted my old <code>env/</code> file and now I'm trying to create a new one using</p> <pre><code>pyt...
<blockquote> <p>just reinstall your python3-venv</p> </blockquote> <pre><code>apt-get purge python3-venv apt-get install python3-venv </code></pre> <blockquote> <p>and then create the virtualenv</p> </blockquote> <pre><code> python3.7 -m venv venvTest </code></pre> <blockquote> <p>if you have different versi...
python|ubuntu|pip|python-venv
1
5,775
42,502,100
Python Flask retrieve POST data from AngularJS AJAX
<p>I am using Angular AJAX call to send data to my Flask backend for natural language processing.</p> <p>AJAX code:</p> <pre><code>$scope.processText = function(){ $http({ method: "POST", url: "http://127.0.0.1:5000/processText", headers: { 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*', ...
<p>You need to use jsonify to return the object since jsonify creates a flask.Response() object that automatically has the Content-Type header.</p> <p>Try using this: <code>return jsonify(data)</code></p> <p>Alternatively, if you want to return the string (value of message), you can just go ahead and return the value...
python|angularjs|json|ajax|flask
1
5,776
42,260,031
Python string with currency formatted
<p>I am attempting to retrieve a dollar amount from my database, concatenate it with other information and have it print with 2 decimal points. I have tried so many different configurations I have lost tract but continue to get only one decimal point (or an error). Can someone please show me where I am losing it.</p> ...
<p>As an alternative to Haifeng's answer, you could do the following</p> <pre><code>from decimal import Decimal str(round(Decimal(row[0]), 2)) </code></pre> <p>Edit: I would also like to add that there is a <code>locale</code> module and that it is probably a better solution, even if it is a little bit more work. Yo...
python-3.x
2
5,777
42,352,483
IF statement doesnt compare values recieved from file
<p>I just started programming a few days ago. I made this program where the user can create a quiz ( all the Q's and A's are written to a file ) When i come to read the answers file, i make a with statement to extract every line independently, then compare it with every independent line of the Qs file. This works just...
<p>The problem is that when you write the answers to your file, you also write the newline character <code>"\n"</code>. Now, when you compare your strings, you are actually comparing <code>abdo1</code> to <code>abdo1\n</code>, which is false. Use the <code>.rstrip()</code> method on your <code>line2</code> string befor...
python|file
2
5,778
54,236,600
Special characters are printed only as a part of string, but not independently (python3)
<p>I work with strings containing diacritics. When I print the string, it is printed correctly:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- s = "ˈtau̯rum" print(s) &gt; ˈtau̯rum </code></pre> <p>However, When I iterate over the string and print each character independently, some of the characters ar...
<p>As the comment suggested, the printing issue is most likely due to how your terminal handles displaying the unicode characters. You can check that the character is what you expect by encoding it to <code>utf-8</code> bytes, or by using the <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#ord" rel="nofollow ...
python-3.x|utf-8|utf
0
5,779
65,474,351
error in python: name not defined (variable in if statement)
<p>May I know why there is an error that 'the name 'output' is not defined'? Thank you</p> <pre><code>weight = input('&gt; ') converter = input('lbs or kg: ').lower() if converter == 'l': output = weight * 2.205 + 'lbs' elif converter == 'k': output = weight / 2.205 + 'kg' print(f'converted weight = {str(...
<p>If <code>converter</code> is not <code>'l'</code> or <code>'k'</code>, then no <code>output = ...</code> is never executed.</p> <p>You can precede the conditionals by</p> <p><code>output = &lt;some default value&gt;</code></p> <p>or raise an exception if no condition was met.</p>
python
3
5,780
28,514,938
Overwrite printed line in python 3.x on mac
<p>I'm attempting to write a program that involves the use of a coin flip, heads or tails, but so that it will print 'heads' then be replaced by 'tails' and continue doing this until it decides on an answer.</p> <p>At the moment, when I run the program, it prints the 'heads' or 'tails' on the next line every time. Thi...
<p><code>print</code> writes a <code>\n</code> character to the end, therefore you need to modify that if you want to keep on the same line.</p> <pre><code>import time import random offset = random.randint(0,1) for i in range (0, 20+offset): if i % 2 == 0: print("Heads", end='') else: print("...
python|macos|carriage-return|sys
5
5,781
28,738,025
What is a good way to get a function to use its default value for an argument when the argument is specified as None in Python?
<p>Let's say I have a function (called <code>function</code>) that takes a boolean argument with default value of <code>True</code> like <code>def function(argument1 = True)</code>.</p> <p>Now let's say I want to use this function, specifying its argument using the output of another function (<code>resolveArg</code>) ...
<p>I have not seen this kind of problem before, so may be there is a way to improve your logic and omit this functionality.</p> <p>However there is a way to do introspection of code in Python by using the module <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/inspect.html" rel="nofollow">"inspect"</a>. </p> <p>An example ...
python|function|default-arguments
1
5,782
28,422,915
Print dict on KeyError
<p>I'm working with several enormous lists of dicts, some of which might be missing items. I'm getting a lot of KeyErrors. They tell me what the bad key is, but they don't tell me what the dict in question is. I'd like something that does the equivalent of</p> <pre><code>foos = [{'abc': 0, 'bcd': 1}, {'abc': 2}, {'abc...
<p>If you are looking for the index of the dictionary within the list you can use enumerate: </p> <pre><code>foos = [{'abc': 0, 'bcd': 1}, {'abc': 2}, {'abc': 4, 'bcd': 0}] for idx, foo in enumerate(foos): try: print foo['bcd'] except KeyError as err: print 'bcd not found in dictionary #' + idx...
python|python-2.7|error-handling
2
5,783
14,491,938
Python GDal installation
<p>Having some problems with Gdal installation with python 2.7 on Windows 7 32bit. I am running MSVC 2010. I have followed the instruction from the blog website</p> <p><a href="http://cartometric.com/blog/2011/10/17/install-gdal-on-windows/" rel="nofollow">http://cartometric.com/blog/2011/10/17/install-gdal-on-windows...
<p>Get the precompiled gdal from here:</p> <p><a href="http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal" rel="nofollow">http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal</a></p> <p>I have some other notes on setting up postgres and postgis 2.0 here if you need it:</p> <p><a href="http://monkut.webfactional.com/blog/arc...
python|gis|gdal
1
5,784
14,823,373
Python: Identify the generator function that created a generator
<p>Given a generator object, is it possible to identify the function used to create it?</p> <pre><code>def gen_func(): yield gen = gen_func() // From `gen`, how do I get a reference to `gen_func` ? </code></pre> <p>I am implementing a decorator used to decorate a generator function with an additional attribute....
<p>What you're literally asking for isn't possible in a clean way, both because generator objects don't have access to their generator function, and because new attributes can't be created on a generator.</p> <p>But what you're trying to achieve probably <em>is</em> possible. Here's an example decorator that wraps the...
python|generator|yield|python-3.3
1
5,785
41,547,592
sort dataframe by position in group then by that group
<p>consider the dataframe <code>df</code></p> <pre><code>df = pd.DataFrame(dict( A=list('aaaaabbbbccc'), B=range(12) )) print(df) A B 0 a 0 1 a 1 2 a 2 3 a 3 4 a 4 5 b 5 6 b 6 7 b 7 8 b 8 9 c 9 10 c 10 11 c 11 </code></pre> <p>I want to sort the ...
<p>You can use <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.core.groupby.GroupBy.cumcount.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><code>cumcount</code></a> for count values in <code>groups</code> first, then <a href="http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.Series.sort_values.html" ...
python|pandas|numpy
4
5,786
41,236,661
Failed to get broadcast_1_piece0 of broadcast_1 in pyspark application
<p>I was building an application on Apache Spark 2.00 with Python 3.4 and trying to load some CSV files from HDFS (Hadoop 2.7) and process some KPI out of those CSV data.</p> <p>I use to face "Failed to get broadcast_1_piece0 of broadcast_1" error randomly in my application and it stopped. </p> <p>After searching a l...
<ol> <li><p>You should to extends Serializable for your class</p></li> <li><p>Your code Framework error, you can test it </p> <pre><code>$SPARK_HOME/examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples/ </code></pre></li> </ol> <p>If it's ok, you should check your code.</p>
python-3.x|apache-spark|pyspark|hadoop2|spark-csv
0
5,787
6,333,367
Django on Apache web server 'dict' object has no attribute 'render_context'
<p>I'm having a bit of a problem, I uploaded my Django project to a webserver running apache, mod_python, and django. On the computer I developed on the following works fine</p> <pre><code>nameBox = getNamesBox().render(locals()) </code></pre> <p>-</p> <pre><code>def getNamesBox(): users = User.objects.filter() ...
<p>The <code>render()</code> method on a <code>Template</code> takes a <code>Context</code> object as its argument, not a dict. You'll have to construct a <code>Context</code> object from the dict, e.g.</p> <pre><code>namedbox = getNamesBox().render(Context(locals())) </code></pre>
python|html|django|apache|mod-python
16
5,788
6,901,783
simplejson decoder for a python script
<p>I am trying to parse the code with simplejson using a python script.</p> <pre><code>{ "name":"some", "products_valid_time_from":2011-08-01T14:45:00, "products_valid_time_to":2011-08-01T21:00:00, } </code></pre> <p>Ia m getting an error </p> <pre><code>simplejson.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting , delimite...
<p>Dates are not part of JSON. See for example <a href="http://weblogs.asp.net/bleroy/archive/2008/01/18/dates-and-json.aspx" rel="nofollow">this blog entry</a>.</p>
python
0
5,789
6,701,449
Python and no obvious way to get a specific element from a dictionary
<p>How come that I can easily do a for-loop in Python to loop through all the elements of a dictionary in the order I appended the elements but there's no obvious way to access a specific element? When I say element I'm talking about a key+value pair.</p> <p>I've looked through what some basic tutorials on Python says...
<p>You access a specific element in a dictionary <em>by key.</em> That's what a dictionary <em>is.</em> If that behavior isn't what you want, use something other than a dictionary.</p> <blockquote> <p>a dict is supposed to be unordered but then why does the for-loop print them in the order I put them in?</p> </block...
python|dictionary
7
5,790
57,085,245
How do you import a .txt (or other file type) into a Google Colab notebook directly from your own Drive?
<p>I'm trying to import a couple .txt files into Colab from my own Google Drive. The colab notebook I'm using is in the same folder as the files I want to upload within that notebook. While there is documentation on file I/O on <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/io.ipynb" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Ext...
<p>If you have a file that you want to write in the root of your Google Drive called <code>foo.txt</code> then the following code should read the file into Colab: </p> <pre><code>from google.colab import drive drive.mount('/content/drive') </code></pre> <p>The above will ask you to provide your credentials via a link...
python|file-upload|google-drive-api|jupyter-notebook|google-colaboratory
4
5,791
56,873,621
How to display image icons on nodes in NetworkX
<p>I am using NetworkX module to present the network of an infrastructure systems. In this systems, nodes and edges consist of different types of entities and I would like to use some icons representing their types instead of circle, star or square. </p> <pre><code>G = nx.Graph() G.add_edge('a', 'b') nx.draw(G, labels...
<p>You can create a plot using networkx and get the handle to the figure. Then use matplotlib to plot ontop of it.</p> <pre><code>import networkx as nx import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.image as mpimg import glob from numpy import sqrt import glob path = 'some/folder/with/png/files' files = [f for f i...
python|python-3.x|networkx
0
5,792
44,538,400
How do i import files that mutually import each other?
<p>how do i import a function and a dictionary that mutually imports each other. These two files are already in the same directory thus, there is no nid to import sys. Also, i this it is recursive that is why it is unable to import. How do i import a dictionary from each other's file without making it recursive and cau...
<p>This is a circular dependency. I am not sure how you can solve it without changing the basic structure of the modules and therefore the dependency graph. Why don't you try to define both the dicts in a separate file and import them. As it looks like form your code they are empty dicts anyway.</p> <p>You may find <a...
python|python-3.x|dictionary|recursion|tinydb
1
5,793
61,935,417
What is the fastest way to manipulate large csv files in Python?
<p>I have been working on a python code, which reads a csv file with 800 odd rows and around 17000 columns. I would like to check each entry in the csv file and see if this number is bigger than or smaller than a value, if it is, I assign a default value. I used pandas and worked with dataframes, apply and lambda funct...
<p>using pandas,for cvs data, makes it efficient. but your code is not efficient.it will be faster if you try code given blow.</p> <pre><code>def do_something(some_dataframe): col = get_req_colm(some_dataframe) col = col.to_numpy() np_array = np.zeros_like(col) for i in range(len(col)): k = np_...
python|csv|large-files
0
5,794
24,273,338
why updating sys.path is not effecting the list of directories python will search
<p>I am trying to import serial module. But it was throwing error</p> <pre><code>AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'RawIOBase' </code></pre> <p>Later I found that there is one more directory with name 'io' and 'init.py' file exists in the directory. so when I print using print(io), it is displaying </p...
<p>FYI, you can join your system path together using</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; ':'.join(sys.path) '/usr/lib/python2.7:/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old:/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:/u...
python
1
5,795
72,044,493
User object has no attribute
<p>I am creating an app in which it manages ranking and ELO functions for a local hobby game store. I am using django to write the application. I am having troubles trying to figure out how to access a user's model from their name.</p> <p>models.py</p> <pre><code>class Profile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneF...
<p>You should assign a related name to OneToOneField like this:</p> <pre class="lang-py prettyprint-override"><code>class Profile(models.Model): user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name=&quot;assigned_profile&quot;) ... </code></pre> <p>then you will be able to access it like <co...
python|django
1
5,796
35,976,802
How do I print out everytime the state of the list every time you make a pass in bubble sort?
<p>I have a question on how to get the following output in python 2.7.</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt; bubble(['abe','Ada','bak','bAr'], False) ['Ada', 'bak', 'bAr', 'abe'] ['bak', 'bAr', 'Ada', 'abe'] ['bAr', 'bak', 'Ada', 'abe'] &gt;&gt; bubble(['Adm','abe','bAr','bak'], False) ['Ada','bAr','bak','abe'] ['bArt','bak','Ada',...
<p>Use feature of range method which allow you to iterate in reverse order</p> <pre><code>print range(1,3) # [1,2] print range(3-1, 0, -1) # [1,2] </code></pre> <p>By the way you can avoid code duplication of loops ( <code>if asc == False</code> and <code>if asc == True</code> remove conditions).</p> <p>To do it use...
list|python-2.7|sorting|for-loop|bubble-sort
1
5,797
35,950,050
How to import python file located in same subdirectory in a pycharm project
<p>I have an input error in pycharm when debugging and running.</p> <p>My project structure is rooted properly, <code>etc./HW3/.</code> so that <code>HW3</code> is the root directory. </p> <p>I have a subfolder in HW3, <code>util</code>, and a file, <code>util/util.py</code>. I have another file in <code>util</code>...
<p><strong>Recommended Way:</strong></p> <p>Make sure to set the working folder as <code>Sources</code>.</p> <p>You can do it in <code>Pycharm</code> <code>-&gt;</code> <code>Preferences</code> <code>-&gt;</code> <code>Project: XYZ</code> <code>-&gt;</code> <code>Project Structure</code></p> <p>Select your working fold...
python|pycharm|importerror
109
5,798
15,097,907
How to execute many functions one after the other
<p>I'd like to execute many function after the other. Each function returns True or False. So if one function returns True, I'd like to execute the next one. etc...</p> <p>All the functions don't have necessary the same arguments.</p> <p>Now i have something like :</p> <pre><code>res=function1() if res: res=funct...
<p>Well, you can define your own way to do this, but I would do that like that:</p> <pre><code>my_functions = ( (my_func1, [2, 5], {'kwarg1': 'val1'}), # ... ) for function, args, kwargs in my_functions: if not function(*args, **kwargs): break </code></pre> <p>Edited according to the comment. Gre...
python
8
5,799
46,201,887
Dynamically defining methods with names derived from a class attribute?
<p>The title might not be the best description of what I'm trying to do but I'm not sure what to call this. I came across various seemingly related concepts with names like "decorators", "descriptors", and "metaclasses" but I don't know which of those approaches (if any) I should investigate further!</p> <p>Given the ...
<p>An easy way to do this would just be to implement <code>__getattr__()</code>, e.g.:</p> <pre><code>class MyGreeter(AnimalGreeter): animals = {'dog', 'parrot'} def __getattr__(self, animal): if animal in self.animals: return self.greet(animal) raise AttributeError("'{}' object un...
python|metaprogramming
4