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ABSTRACT Endopolygalacturonase (EPG) of Cochliobolus sativus was produced in shake culture and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 34,000 Da, an isoelectric point in the range of 9.0 to 9.5, exhibited endo activity, was nongly-cosylated, and was inhibited by polygalact... |
ABSTRACT This study examined protein induction and accumulation during imbibition and germination of corn kernels, as well as antifungal activities of extracts from germinating kernels against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme. Genotypes studied included GT-MAS:gk and Mp420, which are resistant to A. flavus i... |
ABSTRACT Strains of Pseudomonas syringae (78 strains and 43 pathovars) and other strains (79) of plant and insect origin were examined for the presence of the ethylene-forming enzyme gene (efe) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The sequence of the efe gene of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola PK2 was used to design ... |
ABSTRACT A comparative study was made on the host reactions, serological properties, and nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of 10 clover yellow vein virus (C1YVV) isolates and one bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolate collected from different host plant species and locations in Japan. Two strains of C... |
ABSTRACT Grapevine virus A (GVA) is implicated in the etiology of the rugose wood disease. The coat protein (CP) and the putative movement protein (MP) genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP and the MP were detected with their corresponding antisera in GVA-i... |
ABSTRACT Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seed from a commercial breeding line suspected of harboring cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was analyzed for seed transmission of the virus. Initial seed grow-out tests and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay studies indicated that CMV was present in this seed lot at a level of nearly 15%.... |
ABSTRACT Sugarcane mosaic is the most widespread virus disease affecting sugarcane production. We have established a collection of seven prominent sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (SCMV) strains currently causing disease in sugarcane throughout the world and originally found in sugarcane in the United States. This collection... |
ABSTRACT Host-specific toxins are produced by three pathotypes of Alternaria alternata: AM-toxin, which affects apple; AK-toxin, which affects Japanese pear; and AAL-toxin, which affects tomato. Each toxin has a role in pathogenesis. To facilitate molecular genetic analysis of toxin production, isolation of toxin-defic... |
ABSTRACT The causal organism responsible for the recent outbreak of almond and peach anthracnose in California was identified and characterized as Colletotrichum acutatum. Isolates of C. acutatum from almond were found to be similar to California strawberry isolates and South Carolina peach and apple isolates of C. acu... |
ABSTRACT Strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato, showed marked differences in virulence on host plants. When infiltrated into tobacco leaves, virulent strains caused a rapid localized necrotic response (within 24 to 48 h) characteristic of the hypersensitiv... |
ABSTRACT Using biochemical, serological, and cytopathological evidence, we have confirmed that banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) is a distinct member of the family Potyviridae. Virions of a Philippine isolate of BBrMV were purified from field-infected banana cv. Cardaba. Particles were approximately 725-nm long, banded... |
ABSTRACT Strawberry anthracnose was observed for the first time in Israel in 1995. The disease reached epidemic proportions in Israeli nurseries and production fields in 1995 and 1996. Using morphological and cultural characteristics, the species responsible for anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum. A ... |
ABSTRACT The 3'-terminal regions of the genomes of apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), isolated from apple, Japanese pear, and European pear plants, and citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), isolated from citrus plants, were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The DNA products were cloned and sequenc... |
ABSTRACT Black currant reversion is a virus-like disease whose causal agent has not been identified. In rooted cuttings of a black currant plant affected with the severe form of the disease, pronounced chlorotic line patterns and ringspots developed in newly emerging leaves. From such symptom-bearing leaves, a virus wa... |
ABSTRACT Cultivar-specific toxic metabolites of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis are involved in the appearance of necrotic and chlorotic foliar lesions characteristic of tan spot. A P. tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin, Ptr necrosis toxin, was purified from isolate 86-124, sequenced by gas-phase amino acid microseq... |
ABSTRACT Aflatoxin biosynthesis was induced by compounds in filtrates (EF) obtained from cultures consisting of ground maize kernels colonized by Aspergillus flavus. The inducing activity increased to a maximum at 4 days of incubation and then decreased. Amylase activity was detected in the EF, suggesting that the indu... |
ABSTRACT Brassica tissues are potentially useful in the control of Aphanomyces root rot of peas (Pisum sativum), but identity of the responsible compounds and specific impacts of those compounds on the pathogen's infection potential remain uncertain. Brassica napus seed meals and water extracts from these meals were us... |
ABSTRACT A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) of immunoglobulin class M (IgM) was raised against surface antigens from Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici and, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, recognized isolates of G. graminis var. tritici, G. graminis var. avenae and G. graminis var. graminis. Characterization of... |
ABSTRACT Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against an isolate of soilborne wheat mosaic furovirus from Oklahoma (SBWMV Okl-7). Three MAbs had different reactivities in tests on SBWMV isolates from Nebraska (Lab1), France, and Japan. One MAb (SCR 133) also reacted with oat golden stripe furovirus. None of ... |
ABSTRACT Interactions between CaCl(2), grapefruit peel tissue, Penicillium digitatum, and the yeast antagonist Pichia guilliermondii strain US-7 were investigated. Application of 68 or 136 mM CaCl(2) to grapefruit surface wounds reduced the incidence of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum by 43 to 52%. In labora... |
ABSTRACT To better understand the nature of recent outbreaks of leaf scald disease of sugarcane in a number of sugarcane production regions of the world including Florida, Guadeloupe, Louisiana, Mauritius, Taiwan, and Texas, a study of the worldwide genetic variation of the pathogen was undertaken. A total of 218 strai... |
ABSTRACT Tetragonia expansa plants infected with a California isolate of beet yellows virus (BYV-60) contained multiple BYV-specific RNAs identified by Northern blot hybridization. These RNAs were identified by cDNA probes specific to six open reading frames (ORFs). One genomic RNA and five subgenomic (sg) RNAs represe... |
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, has been detected in ixodid ticks in some regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. In the present study, 245 Dermacentor reticulatus, 211 Ixodes ricinus, and 194 Haemaphysalis concinna adults from Hungary were tested for the presence of F. tularensis by polym... |
Schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1: dysbindin-1) gene is a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Genetic variations in DTNBP1 are associated with cognitive functions, general cognitive ability and memory fun... |
The present study was a component of a series of studies scrutinising the neuroreceptor substrate of behavioural flexibility in a rat model. Spontaneous alternation paradigms model the natural tendency of rodents to spontaneously and flexibly shift between alternative spatial responses. In the study it was tested for t... |
Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) are products of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme activity, and like the enzyme, have a direct role in toxic inflammatory responses in variety of organ systems. Paradoxically, reduced plasma lysoPC levels have been noted in sepsis patients and systemic treatment with lysoPCs is therapeut... |
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of protein kinase Cbeta inhibition with ruboxistaurin on renal hemodynamic function and urinary biomarkers (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and epidermal growth factor) in renin angiotensin system blockade-treated type 1 diabetic subjects. |
It is well established that ATP is co-secreted with insulin and zinc from pancreatic beta-cells (beta-cells) in response to elevations in extracellular glucose concentration. Despite this knowledge, the physiological roles of extracellular secreted ATP and zinc are ill-defined. We hypothesized that secreted ATP and zin... |
The present study evaluated functional properties of lactic-fermented ginger products. Three Zingiberaceae species were used as the substrate for fermentation using three lactic acid bacteria. The fermentation process ended 35-40 h after inoculation and reached a pH value of 3.5-4.0. Total antioxidant performances were... |
Cell motility and resistance to apoptosis characterize glioblastoma (GBM) growth and malignancy. In our current work we report that galectin-1, a homodimeric adhesion molecule and carbohydrate-binding protein with affinity for beta-galactosides, is linked with cell surface expression of integrin beta1 and the process o... |
The International Olympic Committee-Medical Commission (IOC-MC) accepts a number of bronchial provocation tests for the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite athletes, none of which have been studied in elite swimmers. With the suggestion of a different pathogenesis involved in the developmen... |
Predictions of protein conformational disorder are important in structural biology since they can allow the elimination of protein constructs, the three-dimensional structure of which cannot be determined since they are natively unfolded. Here a new procedure is presented that allows one to predict with high accuracy d... |
Lipid rafts and caveolae are microdomains of the plasma membrane enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, and hence are less fluid than the remainder of the membrane. Caveolae have an invaginated structure, while lipid rafts are flat regions of the membrane. The two types of microdomains have different protein compos... |
Active alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli (PhoA, EC 3.1.3.1) was displayed via the leucine zipper element of the Jun-Fos heterodimer on the surface of filamentous phage and the kinetic parameters K(m) and k(cat) were determined. The phoA gene was cloned downstream of fos while jun was inserted upstream of pIII or... |
During these last 15 years, drug discovery strategies have essentially focused on identifying small molecules able to inhibit catalytic sites. However, other mechanisms could be targeted. Protein-protein interactions play crucial roles in a number of biological processes, and, as such, their disruption or stabilization... |
2S albumin storage proteins are becoming of increasing interest in nutritional and clinical studies as they have been reported as major food allergens in seeds of many mono- and di-cotyledonous plants. This review describes the main biochemical, structural and functional properties of these proteins thought to play a r... |
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) has been widely used in suicide gene therapy for the treatment of cancer due to its broad substrate specificity and the inability of the endogenous human TK to phosphorylate guanosine analogs such as ganciclovir (GCV). The basis of suicide gene therapy is the intr... |
Modification of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) (SUMOylation) appears to regulate diverse cellular processes, including nuclear transport, signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle control, ubiquitin-dependent degradation and gene transcription. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK 3beta) is a serin... |
SR vesicles isolated from rabbit muscle were treated by a SDS incubation and subsequent dialysis to obtain open membrane fragments that allow a direct access to the luminal membrane surface and especially to the ion-binding sites in the P-E(2) conformation of the Ca-ATPase. The open membrane fragments showed about 80% ... |
Hypoxia regulates the local expression of angiotensin-generating system in the rat carotid body and the me-tabolite angiotensin IV (Ang IV) may be involved in the modulation of carotid body function. We tested the hypothesis that Ang IV-binding angiotensin AT(4) receptors play a role in the adaptive change of the carot... |
The ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) is an economic fish species in China. To improve its artificial reproduction, we studied the compositions and functions of the hatching froth secreted by ricefield eels. The froth showed a viscosity of 2.72 mPaS, composed of glycoproteins with a sugar content of 0.156 mg/ml and a pr... |
A coating process was applied to prepare nickel-silica composite hollow nanospheres (650 nm) with controllable shell thickness. The nanospheres were characterized through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. This material with large BET surface area (288 ... |
In a previous paper (Vivarès, D.; Bonneté, F. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. D 2002, 58, 472), protein-protein interactions of Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase (Uox) in solution were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering in the presence of different poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEG) in order to correlate second virial coeffi... |
Keloid tissue results from aberrant wound healing. The underlying mechanism responsible for keloid formation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the production of tissue inflammatory mediators by normal and keloid-derived human dermal fibroblasts cultured in vitro. Production of monocyte chemoattracta... |
The SAP6 gene (without signal sequence) encoding Metschnikowia reukaufii acid protease was amplified by PCR and fused to the expression vector pET-24a(+). The carboxy-terminal 6x His-tagged recombinant acid protease (rSAP6) was expressed from pET-24a(+)SAP6-6His in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified with affinity... |
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sucralfate, a gastric ulcer medication, would alter plasma concentrations of total carbon dioxide (tCO2), lactate (LA), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and total protein (TP), as well as calculated plasma strong ion difference (SID) and packed cell ... |
The dynamics of proteins play a key role in the organization and control of nuclear functions. Techniques were developed recently to observe the movement and interactions of proteins in living cells; time-lapse microscopy using fluorescent-tagged proteins gives access to observations of nuclear protein trafficking over... |
The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a dynamic, irregularly shaped, and electron-dense nuclear structure that is physically associated with the nucleolus (1). It is found predominantly in transformed cells and various cancer tissues, and rarely in normal cells (1). The components of the PNC described to date include ... |
A method for isolation of constitutive heterochromatin (chromocenters) from nuclei of mouse liver cells is described. This method is based on the higher resistance of chromocenters to low ionic strength treatment as compared with that of nucleoli and euchromatin. The method allows separation of chromocenters that are e... |
The 20S proteasome is part of a larger complex, the 26S proteasome, that is implicated in the ATP-dependent degradation of multiubiquitin-conjugated proteins (1). About 80% of intracellular protein breakdown occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Key proteins such as transcription factors, nuclear receptors,... |
The terminal chromatin structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomeres, are a focus of intensive research due to their importance for the maintenance of chromosome integrity. Their shortening due to incomplete replication functions as a molecular clock counting the number of cell divisions, and ultimate... |
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can directly visualize single molecules in solution, which makes it an extremely powerful technique for carrying out studies of biological complexes and the processes in which they are involved. A recent development, called Recognition Imaging, allows the identification of a specific type ... |
The trafficking of protein and RNA cargoes between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which is a major pathway involved in cell regulation, is mediated by nuclear transport sequences in the cargoes and by shuttling transport factors. The latter include receptors (karyopherins) that recognize the cargoes... |
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is an ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a variety of target proteins. Unlike ubiquitination, sumoylation does not target proteins for proteolytic breakdown, but is instead involved in regulating a variety of different protein functional properties, including p... |
Glycosylation is one of the most common and complex forms of posttranslational modifications of proteins in eukaryotes. Seven different protein-carbohydrate linkages have been characterized on nuclear and cytoplasmic glycoproteins, the most widespread of which is the modification of Ser/Thr residues with monosaccharide... |
Two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) systems employing combinations of acetic acid/urea (AU), acetic acid/urea/Triton X-100 (AUT) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel formulations are uniquely effective for resolution of histone variants and their modified derivatives. Coupled with Western tra... |
Many nuclear proteins contain thiols, which undergo reversible oxidation and are critical for normal function. These proteins include enzymes, transport machinery, structural proteins, and transcription factors with conserved cysteine in zinc fingers and DNA-binding domains. Uncontrolled oxidation of these thiols cause... |
Microscopic imaging of single fluorescent molecules within cells provides a molecular, real-time view of physiological processes in vivo. Single fluorescent molecules produce diffraction-limited light spots in the image plane, which can be localised with a very high precision. In single-molecule fluorescence microscopy... |
Recent developments in cell biology and microscopy techniques enable us to observe macromolecular assemblies in their natural setting: the living cell. These emerging technologies have revealed novel concepts in nuclear cell biology. In order to further elucidate the biochemistry of gene expression, replication, and ge... |
In this chapter we present the method of spatially modulated illumination (SMI) microscopy, a (far-field) fluorescence microscopy technique featuring structured illumination obtained via a standing wave field laser excitation pattern. While this method does not provide higher optical resolution, it has been proven a hi... |
Proteins involved in chromatin-interacting processes, like gene transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair, bind directly or indirectly to DNA, leading to their immobilisation. However, to reach their target sites in the DNA the proteins have to somehow move through the nucleus. Fluorescence recovery after photoble... |
Thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (TLXI) are recently discovered wheat proteins. They belong to the family of the thaumatin-like proteins and inhibit glycoside hydrolase family 11 endoxylanases commonly used in different cereal based (bio)technological processes. We here report on the biochemical characterisation of T... |
Promising antiinflammatory activity together with low ulcerogenic properties of some Michael addition products of thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazole-5(6H)-ones which have been synthesized in our previous study, prompted us to investigate their antioxidant properties. Since compound Ib has both antioxidant and antiinflammat... |
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an enzyme of the brush border of the enterocyte. The activity of IAP biphasically depends on calcium. Although calcium increases IAP activity, when calcium is higher than 20 mmole/L, IAP activity decreases and the amount of an aggregated form increases. The reversibility of the ... |
The therapeutic use of statins in reducing cholesterol requires careful assessment of potential neuroprotective and/or neurotoxic mechanisms. Chronic treatment with mevastatin (MV) exerts effects on cortical neuron morphology, protein expression and synaptic function in primary culture. MV impaired expression of synapt... |
We sought to investigate the association of CD14 genotype with the risk of mortality after burn, and we also attempted to evaluate whether CD14-159 C/T polymorphism affects the kinetics and extent of CD14 expression as well as its release, and TNF-alpha expression in burned patients. The study involved 64 patients in C... |
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been implicated in the development and progression of several human tumors. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of HDAC2 protein in 20 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and 93 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Positive HDAC2 nuclear staining was observed... |
This paper describes a series of five pilot trials to test the feasibility of inducing a protective mucosal immune response against a non-blood-feeding intestinal nematode by delivery of antigens across the mucosal epithelium. A number of antigen preparations from Trichostrongylus colubriformis (viable larvae, larval h... |
The protein Src homology 3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) is a regulator of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha generation in macrophages and of osteoclast differentiation. SH3BP2 regulates bone marrow monocyte responses to macrophage and osteoclast differentiation signals downstream of the receptors for macrophage co... |
Visfatin is a newly identified 52 kD adipocytokine that appears to have insulinomimetic properties. We examined visfatin expression in visceral fat from lean and pregnant women. Visfatin gene expression was seven times higher in omental fat of pregnant women than in lean women. Both immunohistochemistry and immunoblot ... |
The molecular mechanism for the beneficial effect of fish oil on breast tumor growth is largely undefined. Using the xenograft model in nude mice, we for the first time report that the fish oil diet significantly increased the level of PTEN protein in the breast tumors. In addition, the fish oil diet attenuated the PI ... |
To evaluate the influence of up-regulation of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) on fetal rat cerebral neuron apoptosis following intrauterine distress and the unification of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrium. |
To observe the effect of the self-made chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel system with dual-release bone morphogenetic protein and chlorhexidine on periodontal defects repair. |
To investigate the relationship between the gene polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme (eNOSG894T) with pulmonary hypertension of Chinese patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). |
To investigate the role of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the inflammatory response induced by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). |
Quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPRTase) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of quinolinic acid (QA) to nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), a key step on the de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. We describe herein a theoretical study of the intrinsic e... |
Recent studies have implicated the peripheral actions of ghrelin in reproductive tissues. Here, we provide evidence that both ghrelin and its receptor GHSR-1a (the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor) are expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in sheep oocytes and pre-implantation embryos produced in vitro.... |
'Oketsu' is a pathophysiologic concept in Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine, primarily denoting blood stasis/stagnant syndrome. Here we have explored plasma protein biomarkers and/or diagnostic algorithms for 'Oketsu'. Sixteen rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were treated with keishibukuryogan (KBG), a representa... |
To examine if a potentized homeopathic drug, Natrum Sulphuricum 200 (Nat Sulph-200) has protective potentials against hepatocarcinogenesis, liver tumors were induced in mice through chronic feeding of P-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB; initiator of hepatocarcinogenesis) and phenobarbital (PB; promoter). Mice were divide... |
Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) extracts (VME) were tested for effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. VME (0.3-30 µg ml(-1)) and GM6001 (0.1-100 µM; a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor) concentration-dependently inhibited both tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induce... |
Earlier we identified adenosine monophosphate (AMP) N(1)-oxide as a unique compound of royal jelly (RJ) that induces neurite outgrowth (neuritegenesis) from cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells via the adenosine A(2A) receptor. Now, we found that AMP N(1)-oxide stimulated the phosphorylation of not only mitogen-act... |
Several homeopathic remedies, namely, Pulsatilla Nigricans (30th potency), Ceanothus Americanus (both mother tincture and 6th potency) and Ferrum Metallicum (30th potency) selected as per similia principles were administered to 38 thalassemic patients receiving Hydroxyurea (HU) therapy for a varying period of time. Lev... |
Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb is a traditional medicinal plant for treating inflammation-related disease. This explores the inner anti-inflammatory mechanism of n-butanol extract from M. suaveolens Ledeb. Inflammatory cellular model was established by lipopolysaccharide intervention on RAW264.7 cell line. Levels of secret... |
Plectranthus amboinicus (P. amboinicus) is a folk herb that is used to treat inflammatory diseases or swelling symptoms in Taiwan. We investigated therapeutic efficacy of P. amboinicus in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) using collagen-induced arthritis animal model. Arthritis was induced in Lewis rats by immunizatio... |
Catalytic therapy (CT) is a cancer treatment modality based on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a combination of substrate molecules and a catalyst. The most frequently used substrate/catalyst pair is ascorbate/Co phthalocyanine (PcCo). In the present work, herb extracts containing pigments have be... |
Phytochemicals are dietary phytoestrogens that may play a role in prostate cancer prevention. Forty percent of Americans use complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) for disease prevention and therapy. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) contains flavonoids and active ingredients like alkaloids and steroidal lactones... |
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most frequent and serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Soybeans have been shown to reduce urinary albumin excretion and total cholesterol in non-diabetic patients with nephrotic syndrome. However, reports focusing specifically on diabetic nephropathy are scarce and the availabl... |
The effects of Wasabia japonica (WJ) were investigated in vitro and in vivo for their anti-oxidant and anti-hypercholesterolemic activities. It was found that the aqueous extracts of WJ leaves (WJL) had strong scavenging activities towards 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals in cell ... |
Diabetes is known as a multifactorial disease. The treatment of diabetes (Type II) is complicated due to the inherent patho-physiological factors related to this disease. One of the complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Glucosidase inhibitors, particularly α-amylase inhibitors are a class of ... |
Dietary bioactive components that play a role in improving skeletal health have received considerable attention in complementary and alternative medicine practices as a result of their increased efficacy to combat chronic diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the additive or synergistic effects of dri... |
Antrodia camphorata is used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation syndromes and liver-related diseases in Taiwan. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the mycelial extract of A. camphorata (ACE) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in SLE-prone NZB/W F1 mice. After anti... |
Circulating adhesion molecules (CAMs), surface proteins expressed in the vascular endothelium, have emerged as risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). CAMs are involved in intercellular communication that are believed to play a role in atherosclerosis. A Chinese medicine, the "Dantonic Pill" (DP) (also known as ... |
Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), this study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) could reduce early stage hypertension by examining nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in the mesenteric resistance artery. EA was applied to the acupuncture point Governor Vessel 2... |
Cerebral toxoplasmosis can occur outside the setting of advanced HIV immunodeficiency or drug-induced immunosuppression. A case of cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported in a previously healthy 41-year-old man who was found to have a genetic defect in CD40 ligand, resulting in the X linked hyper-IgM syndrome despite normal... |
Classical galactosaemia is an autosomal recessive disease of galactose metabolism caused by a deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT). Galactosaemia is not included in the neonatal screening programme in Mexico and it is necessary to implement methodologies for prompt diagnosis of these ... |
Beauvericin is a secondary metabolite natural product from microorganisms and has been shown to have a new potential antifungal activity. In this study, the metabolism and inhibition of beauvericin in human liver microsomes (HLM) and rat liver microsomes (RLM) were investigated. The apparent K(m) and V(max) of beauveri... |
Prions, the infectious agents that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are relatively resistant to destruction by physical, enzymatic, and chemical treatments. Hydrolysis in boiling saturated calcium hydroxide (limewater) utilizes inexpensive chemicals to digest protein components of offal. The purp... |
Activated protein C (APC) inhibits coagulation by degrading activated factor V (FVa) and factor VIII (FVIIIa), protein S (PS) functioning as a cofactor to APC. |
The spliced leader (SL) RNA gene promoter is the only RNA polymerase II-dependent promoter characterized to date in trypanosomatids. Transcription of this small nuclear RNA is critical for trypanosomatid cell life because it is needed for polycistronic primary transcripts processing into individual translatable mRNAs. ... |
Recently, calcineurin has been shown to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including the extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK), the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) and the p38 MAPK (p38), have also been shown to be important in the transduction of trophic signals. The objectiv... |
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