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The reversion behavior of pleiotropic carbohydrate mutants, previously designated as ctr, was studied. The mutants revert to complete restoration of the wild-type phenotype, as well as to a spectrum of partial wild-type phenotypes. Lac(+) reversions were found in the lac region (11 min) and some Mal(+) reversions occur... |
When logarithmically growing cultures of Clostridium botulinum types A and E are treated with penicillin in a liquid medium containing 8% polyethylene glycol, protoplast-like spherical bodies are formed. The penicillin effect shows a dose-response relationship; the largest yield of converted forms is obtained with 10,0... |
The cell wall of the gram-negative marine pseudomonad (American Type Culture Collection 19855) consists of three layers: the loosely bound outer layer, the outer double-track layer, and the underlying layer. These three layers constitute 4.7, 7.9, and 6.1%, respectively, of the dry weight of the whole cells. All three ... |
Yeast cells of mating type alpha excrete a sex factor which inhibits cell division and deoxyribonucleic acid replication but not ribonucleic acid or protein synthesis in cells of opposite mating type a. |
Five gram-negative species contained one or two major protein species with electrophoretic mobilities similar to the major protein of the Escherichia coli cell wall. |
The tryptic peptide containing the active-site cysteine in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus 1503 was isolated after inhibition of the enzyme with (14)C-iodoacetate. The amino acid sequence of the 20-residue peptide was determined by 19 successive cycles of dansyl-Edman degradati... |
The phosphotransacetylase from Clostridium acidiurici has two properties not observed for this enzyme in other bacteria: (i) it requires a divalent metal for activity, and (ii) it is not subject to uncoupling by arsenate. The enzyme has been obtained in highly purified form, with a specific activity 500-fold higher tha... |
Studies were conducted on the oxidation and assimilation of various three-carbon compounds by a gram-positive rod isolated from soil and designated strain R-22. This organism can utilize propane, propionate, or n-propylamine as sole source of carbon and energy. Respiration rates, enzyme assays, and (14)CO(2) incorporat... |
Schaeffer, W. I. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge), J. Gabliks, and R. Calitis. Interaction of staphylococcal enterotoxin B with cell cultures of human embryonic intestine. J. Bacteriol. 91:21-26. 1966.-The cytotoxic effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin B upon human embryonic intestine cell cultures is... |
Holt, Stanley C. (Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H.), S. F. Conti, and R. C. Fuller. Photosynthetic apparatus in the green bacterium Chloro-pseudomonas ethylicum. J. Bacteriol. 91:311-323. 1966.-When cells of Chloro-pseudomonas ethylicum were broken by ballistic disruption and examined by electron microscopy, ves... |
Goodman, R. E. (University of California, Los Angeles), and M. J. Pickett. Delayed lactose fermentation by Enterobacteriaceae. J. Bacteriol. 92:318-327. 1966.-When 171 Citrobacter freundii strains and 14 Paracolobactrum arizonae strains examined, 51 of the C. freundii strains and 13 of the P. arizonae strains were foun... |
Cooper, Stephen (University Institute of Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark). Utilization of d-methionine by Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 92:328-332. 1966.-Methionine-requiring strains of Escherichia coli grow on d-methionine. Mutants can be isolated which cannot grow on d-methionine. The d-methionine nonutilizing mu... |
Shugart, Lee R. (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), and Raymond W. Beck. Occurrence and distribution of proteinase of Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens. J. Bacteriol. 92:338-341. 1966.-The proteolytic enzyme produced by Streptococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens (ATCC 13398) was shown to be an exoenzyme. The pro... |
Li, Lan-Fun (Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio), Lars Ljungdahl, and Harland G. Wood. Properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum. J. Bacteriol. 92: 405-412. 1966.-A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NA... |
Langridge, Patricia (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Richard Y. Morita. Thermolability of malic dehydrogenase from the obligate psychrophile Vibrio marinus. J. Bacteriol. 92:418-423. 1966.-The thermolability of malic dehydrogenase in whole cells of Vibrio marinus MP-1 grown at 15 C was compared with that of ce... |
Coggin, Joseph H. (University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.), Muriel Loosemore, and William R. Martin. Metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine by resistant Escherichia coli cells. J. Bacteriol. 92:446-454. 1966.-6-Mercaptopurine (MP) utilization as a source of purine in MP-sensitive and -resistant cultures of Escherichia coli was i... |
Böck, August (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), and Frederick C. Neidhardt. Isolation of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a temperature-sensitive fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity. J. Bacteriol. 92:464-469. 1966.-A mutant of Escherichia coli was isolated which was able to grow in rich medium at 30 C but no... |
Böck, August (Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.), and Frederick C. Neidhardt. Properties of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a temperature-sensitive fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase. J. Bacteriol. 92:470-476. 1966.-A mutant of Escherichia coli in which fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase functions at 30 C but not at 4... |
A study of the metabolic activity of Rickettsia quintana was carried out by conventional Warburg and radioisotope techniques with intact cells harvested while growing in the fluid counterpart of the medium of Vinson and Fuller. Like other rickettsiae, R. quintana did not utilize glucose, but did metabolize glutamate an... |
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by severe intraepatic cholestasis. Pruritus often occurs during the course of the illness. We designed a study aimed at assessing whether pruritus is associated with dysfunction of signal transduction. Seventeen female patients affected by PBC wer... |
An improved method, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction the so-called Suzuki-coupling, was used to synthesize 19 monofluorinated analogues (F-PCBs) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including analogues of PCBs 28, 52 and 81. The coupling of chlorinated and/or fluorinated isomers of aryl boronic acids with ... |
A rapid method for assaying [(3)H]gibberellin A(4) bound to a soluble protein from cucumber hypocotyls by using DEAE-cellulose filter discs is described. The binding is saturable, reversible with unlabeled gibberellin A(4), and has a half-life of association under nonequilibrium conditions at 0-4 degrees C of 6-7 min. ... |
Soybean plants and Rhizobium japonicum 122 DES, a hydrogen uptake-positive strain, were cultured in media purified to remove Ni. Supplemental Ni had no significant effect on the dry matter or total N content of plants. However, the addition of Ni to both nitrate-grown and symbiotically grown plants resulted in a 7- to ... |
Chloroplast photogene 32 codes for the 32-kilodalton triazine herbicide-binding protein at the B site of electron transport in photosystem II of the photosynthetic apparatus-its product is the B protein and the gene is accordingly designated ps2B here. The cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans R2, Fremyella diplosiphon, and... |
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved total cellular protein from Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Cori into 640 polypeptides detectable by silver staining. The addition of 84 mM ethanol to dark-grown resting carbon-starved cells increased the relative amounts of 6 polypeptides and decreased the relative a... |
Fluorescence anisotropy measurements on isotropically distributed membranes yield the well-known orientational order parameter as a measure of orientational fluctuations of the fluorophore that are fast compared to the fluorescence lifetime. Measurements on oriented membranes provide four order parameters, two for fast... |
Recombinant phage lambda177.4 contains a gene for beta phaseolin, a major storage glycoprotein of French bean seed. A 3.8-kilobase Bgl II-BamHI fragment containing the entire 1700-base-pair coding region, together with 863 base pairs of 5' and 1226 base pairs of 3' flanking sequence, was inserted into the A66 Ti plasmi... |
The neurosecretory caudodorsal cells of the freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis produce an ovulation hormone [caudodorsal cell hormone (CDCH)] that is stored and released at the periphery of the intercerebral commissure. In the present study, CDCH has been purified and sequenced by micromethods. CDCH has been ... |
Phenotypic alterations induced by the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine in cell suspensions of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia were studied at the level of the NH(2)-terminal sequence of the constituent proteins. Total protein extracts were separated by classical two-dimensional PAGE, and the proteins were recovered by electrobl... |
Expression of Vibrio fischeri luminescence genes requires an inducer, termed autoinducer, and a positive regulatory element, the luxR gene product. A plasmid containing luxR under control of a tac promoter was engineered to overproduce this gene product. The overproduced luxR gene product was active in vivo, and its ap... |
Two sets of synthetic oligonucleotides coding for amino acids in the amino- and carboxyl-terminal portions of wheat germ agglutinin were synthesized and used as hybridization probes to screen cDNA libraries derived from developing embryos of tetraploid wheat. The nucleotide sequence for a cDNA clone recovered from the ... |
Four endochitinases (poly[1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide)] glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.14) have been purified from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN reacting hypersensitively to tobacco mosaic virus. Two of them are acidic proteins of molecular weights 27,500 and 28,500 and have been identified as 2 of the 1... |
Syringomycin, a peptide toxin and a virulence factor produced by the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, stimulated the phosphorylation of several plasma membrane polypeptides of red beet storage tissue. Among these was a 100-kDa polypeptide, which corresponds in size to the proton pump ATPase. T... |
In Nicotiana sylvestris, the N' gene confers hypersensitive resistance to some strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) but not to the common strain. TMV sequences responsible for inducing local lesion formation in this host were identified by using cDNA clones to construct genomic recombinants between the common strain g... |
Gene VI of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genome encodes a protein (P(66)) in virus-infected plants that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. When a segment of the CaMV genome bearing gene VI is transferred to tobacco plants by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid, the resulting transgenic plants displ... |
Chitinase {poly[1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide)]glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.14} and 1,3-beta-glucanase (1,3-beta-D-glucan 3-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.6) activities increased rapidly in potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves inoculated with the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora infestans or treated with fungal elicitor. The... |
Methods involving in situ RNA hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and microspectrophotometry of individual cells were used to localize the mRNA encoding chalcone synthase (the key enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis), the enzyme protein, and the biosynthetic end products in cross sections of parsley leaves (Petroselinum ... |
Phytoene is the first C(40) intermediate in the biogenesis of carotenoids. It is formed by two enzyme activities, catalyzing (i) the coupling of two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to yield prephytoene diphosphate and (ii) the conversion of prephytoene diphosphate into phytoene. We show now, with Capsicum chrom... |
An antibody against glycine-rich protein 1.8 of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was used for immunogold/silver localization of the protein in different organs of the plant. In hypocotyls, ovaries, and seed coats, the protein was found specifically in xylem cells of the vascular tissue. In hypocotyls, only protoxylem cells... |
A polygalacturonide purified from a tomato leaf pectic polysaccharide that induces the systemic synthesis of proteinase inhibitors in tomato plants enhances the phosphorylation of specific proteins in plasma membrane fractions isolated from tomato and potato leaves. In tomato plasma membranes, two proteins of 34 and 29... |
During a screen for mutations in trans-acting genes regulating yolk protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster, we have isolated a mutant (cricklet, clt) that is defective in yolk protein synthesis, histolysis of the larval fat body, vitellogenesis, and synthesis of larval serum protein 2 in the adult, larval synthes... |
Adriamycin (ADR) induced heart failure is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Changes due to ADR in mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs), pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bcl-xl) and apoptosis were examined in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. |
The contribution of backbone-backbone hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) to protein folding energetics has been controversial. This is due, at least in part, to the inability to perturb backbone-backbone H-bonds by traditional methods of protein mutagenesis. Recently, however, protein backbone mutagenesis has become possible wit... |
This chapter discusses methods for modeling electronic polarization in proteins and protein-ligand complexes. Two different approaches are considered: explicit incorporation of polarization into a molecular mechanics force field and the use of mixed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods to model polarization in... |
Hydrogen bonds are an important contributor to free energies of biological macromolecules and macromolecular complexes, and hence an accurate description of these interactions is important for progress in biomolecular modeling. A simple description of the hydrogen bond is based on an electrostatic dipole-dipole interac... |
The energetic cost of partitioning peptide bonds into membrane bilayers is prohibitive unless the peptide bonds participate in hydrogen bonds. However, even then there is a significant free energy penalty for dehydrating the peptide bonds that can only be overcome by favorable hydrophobic interactions. Membrane protein... |
Proteins and peptides in solution or in vivo share properties with both liquids and solids. More often than not, they are studied using the liquid paradigm rather than that of a solid. Studies of molecular crystals illustrate how the use of a solid paradigm may change the way that we consider these important molecules.... |
Thirty-eight wheat strains, each nullisomic for one chromosome and tetrasomic for a homoeologous (related) one, were analyzed electrophoretically for 12 different enzymes, and a gene (or genes) for alkaline phosphatase was localized to chromosomes 4B and 4D. The other 11 enzymes showed no significant electrophoretic va... |
High reactivity toward alpha-chymotrypsin is observed for derivatives of beta-arylpropionic acids of varied structure-L-alpha-acylamido compounds, D-cyclized compounds, and, now, L-glycolamide esters. Compensating enthalpy and entropy effects are observed which appear to be caused by changes in water of solvation. High... |
The velocities of acid catalyzed esterification and gamma-lactonizations were studied to test the sensitivity of a chemical reaction to the orientation of the reacting atoms. Variation in orientation of the attacking oxygen atom relative to the carbon atom of the carboxylic acid was achieved by using bicyclic ring syst... |
Electron-nuclear double resonance has been used to study ligand hyperfine interactions of the copper (II) complex in a frozen solution of the blue protein stellacyanin. It is shown that the copper ion coordinates with at least one nitrogen ligand, and probably more than one, and that the copper ion is in a hydrophobic ... |
The role of methionine in protein chain initiation in wheat has been studied. Two chain-initiating methionine tRNAs have been found. One of these is located in the cytoplasm of the wheat cell. This methionyl-tRNA is not formylated by wheat extracts and appears to function in protein chain initiation in the cytoplasm wi... |
A synthetic polymer has been prepared which contains dodecyl groups (to bind small substrate molecules) and methyleneimidazole side chains (as nucleophilic catalytic sites) linked to a polyethyleneimine framework. This macromolecule, with a high local concentration of binding and catalytic groups, catalyzes the hydroly... |
The enzymes of the cytidine diphosphate-choline pathway, which is involved in lecithin biosynthesis, are present in imbibed barley aleurone cells. The first enzyme, choline kinase (EC 2.7.1.32), is found in the soluble protein fraction. Its activity is not affected by prior treatment of aleurone layers with gibberellin... |
The formation of a coupling factor.ADP complex is shown to be dependent on photoinduced electron transport, AMP, and P(i), and sensitive to arsenate and sulfate. The stability of the complex is unaffected by subsequent addition of arsenate, but is quite markedly sensitive to the addition of ADP. The data are discussed ... |
Allozyme frequencies at five enzyme loci were determined for 14 California populations of Avena barbata, a species introduced to California from the Mediterranean Basin during the colonization of North America. Allelic frequencies at these loci were also determined in Mediterranean collections of this species. The patt... |
Microgeographical distribution of alleles of five enzyme loci and one morphological variant has been determined within populations of A. barbata occupying sites that are transitional between different vegetational zones. The results show that the spatial distribution of alleles is nonrandom and highly correlated with h... |
A membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) that requires Mg(++) and that is stimulated by monovalent ions has been purified 7- to 8-fold from homogenates of oat (Avena sativa L. Cult. Goodfield) roots by discontinuous sucrose-gradient centrifugation. The enzyme was substrate specific; adenosine triphosphate... |
An acetone extract of chloroplast particles, when layered on an aqueous surface, exhibited light-dependent phosphorylation. Studies with the firefly-tail enzyme assay, as well as with (32)P-labeled inorganic phosphate, show an initial release of adenosine triphosphate (a step that is apparently only light-triggered), f... |
The first simple sulfenyl iodide that is a pure stable crystalline solid is reported. This product, ISCMe(2)CH(NHCbz)CONH-Ph-p-Cl(10), contains linkages that simulate the two peptide linkages vicinal to the -SI moiety in a protein sulfenyl iodide. Unlike typical simple sulfenyl iodides, solid 10 remains unchanged at am... |
Rate constants and binding constants for the alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-acetyltyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine anilides are presented. Both k(cat) and K(m) are independent of electronic effects in the substrate over a range of 9.8 orders of magnitude (as measured by pK of the leaving group). Si... |
Ethylene inhibits cell division, DNA synthesis, and growth in the meristems of roots, shoots, and axillary buds, without influencing RNA synthesis. Apical dominance often is broken when ethylene is removed, apparently because the gas inhibits polar auxin transport irreversibly, thereby reducing the shoot's auxin conten... |
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contains a factor that can replace adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in the stimulation of rabbit-muscle protein kinase. The factor cochromatographs and coelectrophoreses with authentic cAMP, and is inactivated by beef heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. When C. reinhardtii is... |
1,N(6)-Ethenoadenosine triphosphate (epsilon-ATP) has been found to be inactive as a substrate for firefly luciferase. However, chemically synthesized luciferyl-epsilonAMP is oxidized by luciferase and light is emitted. The color of the light is red in contrast to the normal yellow-green observed with luciferyladenylat... |
Helminthosporoside is the host-specific toxin produced by Helminthosporium sacchari, the organism causing eyespot disease on sugarcane. Clones of sugarcane susceptible to the toxin posses a membrane protein that binds the toxin. Membranes of resistant clones do not bind the toxin. In this study, a binding protein from ... |
Digitonin - fractionated photosystem - I subchloroplasts were titrated potentiometrically between -450 and -610 mV at pH 10. Examination of the titrated subchloroplasts by low-temperature (13 degrees K) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed resonances centered at values of 2.05, 1.94, 1.92, 1.89, and 1.... |
Bacterial luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide by molecular oxygen; long-chain aldehyde is required for light emission. At 20 degrees the bioluminescence has a lifetime of tens of seconds, while excess reduced flavin is removed by way of nonenzymatic autoxidation in less than a second. Th... |
3-Bromo-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate has been synthesized in an attempt to find a reactive analog of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate for labeling the active site of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39). The reagent irreversibly inactivates the carboxylase from spinach, and several observations suggest that the inact... |
C(18):juvenile hormone is quite soluble in water, yielding a monomeric solution greater than 10(-5) M. In vivo injection or addition of aqueous juvenile hormone to the hemolymph in vitro shows the complexation of juvenile hormone to a protein, as demonstrated by gel permeation chromatography and disc-gel electrophoresi... |
The banding patterns of certain anodal peroxidase variants of red-fruited tomato species are governed by alleles at four loci-two alleles per locus. Alleles at three loci code for modified enzyme migration patterns and are codominant in heterozygotes; those at the fourth locus code for presence or absence of a band. No... |
The toxin-binding protein of sugarcane susceptible to eyespot disease also possesses raffinose-binding activity. The K(m)'s for binding are: helminthosporoside (toxin) 6.8 x 10(-5) M, raffinose 2.5 x 10(-5) M, and melibiose 2.6 x 10(-5) M. Evidence obtained by administering [(14)C]raffinose to sugarcane protoplasts sug... |
Added substrates, acetone and t-butyl alcohol, strongly retard the decomposition of H(2)O(2) brought about by ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at pH 8-9.5. Their relative effectiveness and the kinetic form of the retardation are consistent with their interruption of a hydroxyl radical chain that is propagated ... |
The iron-sulfur cluster compounds Fe(4)S(4)(SR)(4) (-2) [where -SR = -SCH(3), -S-C(CH(3))(3), and -S- CH(2)-CH(CH(3))(2)] have been found to represent the base species of weak acids of pK(a) comparable to that of carboxylic acids. The acid species Fe(4)S(4)(SR)(4)H(-) is most subject to reaction with O(2) and to acid-c... |
Crystals of monellin, a sweet protein from Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii, were grown by vapor diffusion of 20% ethanol into buffered protein solution. The crystals are orthorhombic, belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with a = 54.4 A, b = 113.0 A, c = 40.8 A, and V = 250,300 A(3). The asymmetric unit contains two complet... |
Gibberellic acid (10 muM) causes lettuce hypocotyl cells to elongate by 400-500% more than water controls in 72 hr. Kinetic data indicate that whereas in water controls cell elongation occurs between 24 and 48 hr, in gibberellic-acid-treated material it starts at 8 hr and continues to 72 hr. Dry weight of the cell wall... |
Three distinct classes of human mutations (cbl A, cbl B, and cbl C) cause defective synthesis of cobalamin (Cbl; vitamin B(12)) coenzymes. Cultured fibroblasts from that unique class (cbl C) deficient in the synthesis of both Cbl coenzymes, 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) and methylcobalamin (MeCbl), were used to ex... |
A new model is proposed for the structure of the special pair of chlorophyll a molecules believed to correspond to the P700 species in green plants and algae. The proposed model, although admittedly speculative, is based upon exciton-theoretical considerations and on in vitro infrared and visible absorption spectra of ... |
Hydrolyses of beta-cyclodextrin cinnamate (betaCDC) and alpha-cyclodextrin cinnamate were catalyzed by amines such as 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane, triethylamine, quinuclidine, piperidine, diisobutylamine, and n-butylamine. The rate constant of hydrolyses of the betaCDC-amine complexes follows the order: 1,4-diazabicy... |
Seedling growth in mung beans (Phaseolus aureus, Roxb.) is accompanied by the metabolism of the reserve proteins, and the appearance in the cotyledons of a proteolytic enzyme with endopeptidase activity. Enzyme activity increases 25-fold during the first 5 days of growth. Cotyledon extracts prepared from seeds imbibed ... |
The synthesis of the A-gliadin protein fraction derived from the endosperm of the grain of hexaploid bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.), which is toxic in celiac disease, was associated with the alpha arm of the 6A chromosome through use of the substitution lines of "Cheyenne" chromosomes in "Chinese Spring". The asso... |
A majority of the total protein synthesis in host cell cytoplasm is inhibited by cycloheximide. Because leghemoglobin represents a large proportion of total cellular protein in the nodule, this observation suggests that leghemoglobin may be translated on the 80S-type ribosomes. Analysis of the nascent peptides isolated... |
The molecular mechanism of enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; EC 4.3.1.5) formation mediated by phytochrome in mustard seedlings was investigated by labeling the enzyme with deuterium followed by high resolution CsCl density gradient analysis. A favorable relationship between induced rise of activity and turnover of ... |
A set of metal carbonyl clusters, Ru(3)(CO)(12), Os(3)(CO)(12), and Ir(4)(CO)(12), has been evaluated as catalysts for a series of hydrocarbon reactions which comprise skeletal rearrangement, metathesis, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, isomerization, and H-D exchange. None was especially effective as a hydrogenation ca... |
Isolated nuclei from healthy pea plants were primed with pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV), radish mosaic virus (RdMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), PEMV RNA, SBMV RNA, RdMV RNA, or TMV RNA. RNA replication occurred only with PEMV RNA and not with intact PEMV or any of the other viruses ... |
By means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique of Coons and collaborators, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in principal ganglion cells of some sympathetic ganglia. The noradrenergic nature of these cells was established by "staining" of the same or consecutive sections with antiserum to ... |
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra are reported for flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.3.4), in resonance with the 450 nm flavin absorption band. Several isoalloxazine ring modes were observed (1635, 1584, 1507, 1416, and 1359 cm(-1)).... |
The structure of native luciferin from the bioluminescent coelenterate Renilla reniformis is shown to be 3,7-dihydro-2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-8-benzylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one by mass spectral analysis of synthetic luciferin and the luciferin derived from a protein directly involved in the bioluminesce... |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, unable to make D-glucosamine owing to a defect in the enzyme 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (amino-transferring) (EC 5.3.1.19), show aberrations both in sporulation and in vegetative growth. They grow normally on a medium of yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose (... |
Two pupariation factors, anterior retraction factor (ARF) and puparium tanning factor (PTF), are absent from the hemolymph of larvae at the time of tanning accelerated by ARF/PTF, cyclic AMP, or dopamine. ARF and PTF are not involved in derepression of dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase, aromatic L... |
In vitro linked transcription-translation of chloroplast DNA has been used to show that the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] is encoded by Zea mays chloroplast DNA. A BamHI-generated chloroplast DNA sequence cloned in Escherichia coli... |
The bz locus in maize, which directs synthesis of the enzyme UDPglucose:flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) in the endosperm, is one of many loci at which controlling element-induced phenotypic changes are known. To characterize the nature of such modifications, several bz mutants derived by transposition of the contr... |
The binding of the geometrical isomers (>/=99% pure) of juvenile hormone I to the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) was analyzed. A technique is described for isomer separation by micropreparative high-resolution liquid chromatography. Analysis of competition was perf... |
Intraventricular administration of nanogram quantities of nerve growth factor to adult rats results in a marked increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.17) in the brain. The increase occurs in all major brain regions and the activity is maximal by 7.5 hr after administra... |
Cytoplasmic mRNA has been isolated from the leaves of pea seedlings. Translation of this RNA in the wheat germ cell-free system produces two major products, RI and RII, with molecular weights of 33,000 and 20,000, respectively. Both of these products are considerably larger than the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bispho... |
The messenger RNAs coding for the zein storage protein have been purified from other contaminating RNAs. The average molecular lengths are 1.1-1.2 kilobases, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by electron microscopy. Products of messenger-dependent protein synthesis in vitro appear to be 1100 and 2... |
A blue fluorescence protein has been isolated and purified from extracts of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. It is a single polypeptide of molecular weight 22,000 with absorption maxima at 274 and 418 nm. It is efficiently fluorescent (varphi(F) 0.45), with a fully corrected spectral maximum (476 nm) ... |
On rehydration after complete drying, the drought-tolerant moss Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer, and Scherb reforms its polyribosomes and can resume protein synthesis without new RNA synthesis. Results obtained with the double-label ratio technique coupled with polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis show that (... |
Electrophilic nitration of toluene and benzene was studied under various conditions with several nitrating systems. It was found that high orthopara regioselectivity is prevalent in all reactions and is independent of the reactivity of the nitrating agent. The methyl group of toluene is predominantly ortho-para directi... |
Mating factor alpha isolated from yeast culture filtrates was radiolabeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination, with full retention of biological activity. The (125)I-labeled alpha factor bound at low levels to cells of both mating types (a and alpha) but not to spheroplasts. Despite the low level of binding, large... |
RNAs larger than about 6 S prepared from etioplasts of dark-grown maize seedlings, and from plastids at later stages of light-induced development, were labeled in vitro and hybridized to separated fragments of maize chloroplast DNA digested with endonucleases. The major nonribosomal RNA present in developing plastids, ... |
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