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Lemna protein per frond and per root increases with developmental stage until plants are at least two generations old. Protein per frond, per root, and per unit dry weight is greater in plants grown at 23.9 C than at 18.3 C. More protein is found in fronds than in roots, and more nitrate occurs in roots than in fronds.... |
Echinochloa crus-galli, a problem weed in rice fields, has the rare ability to germinate and to grow in a totally oxygen-free environment. After 7 days growth in the light or dark under N(2), E. crus-galli var. oryzicola produces a 2- to 3-centimeter nonpigmented shoot.Ethanol, malate, and lactate were measured in seed... |
The synthesis of the principal cottonseed storage proteins during embryogenesis has been followed by analyses of stained protein gels and of fluorographs of protein synthesized in vivo and from purified RNA in vitro in the wheat germ system. The kinetics of in vivo labeling as well as immunochemical cross-reactivity in... |
The fact that fungal glucans will stimulate soybeans to accumulate phytoalexins prompted an investigation of soybean cell beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-glucosidases, as well as the ability of these enzymes to hydrolyze the fungal glucans. Several beta-1,3-glucanases and beta-glucosidases can be solubilized from the wall... |
The subcellular location of NADP(+)-isocitrate dehydrogenase was investigated by preparing protoplasts from leaves of pea seedlings. Washed protoplasts were gently lysed and the whole lysate separated on sucrose gradients by a rate-zonal centrifugation. Organelles were located by marker enzymes and chlorophyll analysis... |
Unimbibed, mature cotton seeds (cv. Deltapine 61) were found to possess activity for all gluconeogenesis-related enzymes examined, except for isocitrate lyase activity. This indicates that transcription and translation of most enzymes needed for postgerminative growth takes place during seed maturation. This is in cont... |
Previous studies have shown that the monoterpene ketone l-[G-(3)H]-menthone is reduced to the epimeric alcohols l-menthol and d-neomenthol in leaf discs of flowering peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and that a portion of the menthol is converted to menthyl acetate while the bulk of the neomenthol is transformed to neom... |
Light affects the partitioning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase between thylakoids and stroma in the chloroplast. Illumination of intact chloroplasts changes the ratio between bound and free enzyme from approximately 1:1 to 1:2. Treatment with NADPH, inorganic phosphate, or high pH also results in release of the en... |
Superoxide dismutases (EC 1.15.1.1) in vascular plants representing different evolutionary levels were characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The three forms of the enzyme were distinguished from each other based on the following criteria: a) the Cu-Zn enzyme is sensitive to cyanide wherease the Fe and... |
Isolated cells from leaves of Spinacia oleracea have been maintained in a state capable of high rates of photosynthetic CO(2) fixation for more than 60 hours. The incorporation of (14)CO(2) under saturating CO(2) conditions into carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids, and the effect of ammonia on this incorpo... |
NADP-malate dehydrogenase, a light-modulated enzyme of C(4) photosynthesis, was purified to homogeneity from leaves of corn. The pure enzyme was activated by thioredoxin m that was reduced either photochemically (with ferredoxin and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase) or chemically (with dithiothreitol). Unactivated corn... |
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MITOCHONDRIA PRESENT IN IMBIBED PEANUT COTYLEDONS: a light type (density 1.182 grams per cubic centimeter) and a heavy type (density 1.205 grams per cubic centimeter). The membrane fractions from these two types can be distinguished using sucrose density gradient analysis, and differences in memb... |
Light-induced conversion of NAD to NADP was investigated in higher plants. Upon illumination, conversion of NAD to NADP was observed in intact leaves of wheat and pea following incubation in the dark. This conversion was also observed in mesophyll protoplasts of wheat leaves when they were isolated in the dark or isola... |
In Poterioochromonas, osmotically induced shrinkage is reversed by an accumulation of isofloridoside. In crude extracts, the isofloridosidephosphate synthase is activated by an enzyme system, the activity of which is increased at reduced cell volume and decreases again when cells reswell. The synthase-activating enzyme... |
Exposure of dark grown resting Euglena to ethanol produced a transient increase in the specific activity of the glyoxysomal enzyme malate synthase. Enzyme specific activity increased during the first 24 hours of ethanol treatment and then declined. Light exposure or malate addition failed to increase enzyme specific ac... |
The localization and activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO; EC 1.5.3.3), was investigated in leaves and protoplasts of oat seedlings. Activity of the enzyme is highest with spermine as substrate; spermidine is also oxidized, but putrescine and cadaverine are unaffected by the enzyme. Protoplasts isolated following digesti... |
The membrane of anthocyanin containing Hippeatrum petal vacuoles was examined for protein and enzyme content after purification by equilibrium density centrifugation. Light scattering, protein, and a Mg(2+)-dependent nucleotide specific ATPase were associated with membrane having a density of 1.08 to 1.12 grams per cub... |
The responses of two cultivars of soybean (Merr.) to a chilling treatment (4 C for first hour of imbibition) were compared. The germination of cv. Biloxi was unaffected by the treatment, while the germination of cv. Fiskeby was reduced. The phospholipid fatty acids of dry axes of the two cultivars were very similar, an... |
A Mg(2+)-dependent, cation-stimulated ATPase was associated with plasma membranes isolated from corn leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Potassium was the preferred monovalent cation for stimulating the ATPase above the Mg(2+)-activated level. The enzyme was substrate-specific for ATP, was inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodi... |
A high affinity cAMP-binding protein (cABP II) was purified to homogeneity from wheat germ. The apparent molecular weight of cABP II, as determined from gel exclusion chromatography, is 5.2 x 10(5) (at low ionic strength) and 2.8 x 10(5) (at high ionic strength). One polypeptide subunit (molecular weight, 80,000) was r... |
Wheat leaves normally produced very little ethylene, but following a water deficit stress which caused a loss of 9% initial fresh weight, ethylene production increased more than 30-fold within 4 hours and declined rapidly thereafter. The changes in ethylene production were paralleled by an increase and subsequent decre... |
A large pectic polysaccharide, called rhamnogalacturonan I, that is solubilized by a fungal endo-alpha-1,4-polygalacturonase from the purified walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells possesses proteinase inhibitor-inducing activity similar to that of the proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor, a pectic-like oligosacc... |
The association of K(+)-stimulated, Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase activity with plasma membranes from higher plants has been used as a marker for the isolation and purification of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae L.) buds. Plasma membranes were isolated by differential centrifugation f... |
Energy charge, adenine nucleotide levels, and protein synthesis were studied during the transfer of rice seedlings from air to anoxia. Within minutes, the energy charge value dropped from 0.90 in air to 0.50 in the seed and 0.60 in the coleoptile after the transfer to a nitrogen atmosphere, and then increased to a valu... |
Soluble acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.15) which are localized in chloroplasts were purified from leaves of Pisum sativum and Spinacia oleracea and obtained free from interfering activities. The purification raised the specific activities by factors of about 1,000 for pea and 200 for spinac... |
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was purified from peas, and a specific antiserum against the enzyme was produced in rabbits. The antiserum was used to study the first 8 hours of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity response in two different organs of the pea from different developmental stages and in response to two di... |
The conversion of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to phytoene in Neurospora crassa requires both a soluble and a particulate fraction. Soluble and particulate enzyme fractions obtained from light-treated and dark-grown wild type, albino-1, albino-2, albino-3, and white collar-1 strains were mixed in various combinations, and... |
The mRNAs for seed lectin and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor of soybean have been highly enriched by immunoadsorption of the polysomes synthesizing these proteins. Polysomes isolated from developing seed of variety Williams were incubated with monospecific rabbit antibodies produced against lectin subunits or trypsin inhibit... |
Extracts prepared from apple seeds contain a factor (AF) capable of agglutinating cells of Erwinia amylovora. In drop agglutination tests, AF is more active in agglutinating an avirulent, acapsular strain of E. amylovora than a virulent, capsular strain. AF precipitates in agar plates with a receptor derived from boile... |
The concentration of glucan, mucilage, soluble carbohydrates, and malic acid were determined in Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. during a 23-week period. The experiment began during the dry summer by irrigation to stimulate Crassulacean acid metabolism and was followed by 13 weeks of drought. After the 13-week drought period,... |
Circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry and light-scattering measurements of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.39) from alfalfa, spinach and tobacco show: a) The conformation and thermal stability of the native carboxylases are sensitive to changes in pH and to activation of the enzyme wit... |
All the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in developing castor bean endosperm is shown to be located in the mitochondria. The enzyme can not be detected in the plastids, and this is probably not due to the inactivation of an unstable enzyme, since a stable enzyme can be isolated from castor bean leaf chloroplasts. The e... |
Leupeptin, a tripeptide inhibitor of some proteinases, was shown previously to maintain the stability of several enzymes (isocitrate lyase, fumarase, and catalase) in crude extracts of castor bean endosperm. This reagent is now shown to inhibit the breakdown of water-soluble and crystalloidstorage proteins of the prote... |
Net photosynthesis on a leaf area and leaf weight basis increased significantly with ploidy in a 4X, 6X, 8X and 10X allopolyploid series of tail fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Total protein did not increase significantly with ploidy. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitate ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate ... |
The administration of the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) to internodal cells of Chara corallina caused alterations in the biophysical properties of the plasmalemma, as measured with electrophysiological and radioactive tracer techniques. The membrane potential depolarized to, or near, the calculated Nernst ... |
Sonication of a crude cell organelle fraction from hypocotyl tissue of dark-grown bean seedlings, and from suspension-cultured cells released a hydroxyproline-containing protein. The purification of this protein is described. It was found to be an arabinogalactan protein composed of 90% carbohydrate and 10% protein. Th... |
Membrane fractions from seedlings of four soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines were examined by radioimmunoassay and hemagglutination assay for the 120,000 dalton soybean lectin. Two of the lines (Sooty and T-102) are genotypically lele and lack buffer-soluble soybean lectin; the remaining two lines (Beeson and Haros... |
Pyrophosphorylytic kinetic constants (S(0.5), V(max)) of partially purified UDP-glucose- and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases from potato tubers were determined in the presence of various intermediary metabolites. The S(0.5) of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase for UDP-glucose (0.17 millimolar) or pyrophosphate (0.30 millimo... |
Two major endoproteinases were purified from senescing primary barley leaves. The major enzyme (EP(1)) appeared to be a thiol proteinase and accounted for about 85% of the total proteolytic activity measured in vitro. This proteinase was purified 5,800-fold and had a molecular weight of 28,300. It was highly unstable i... |
The oxidation of linoleic acid in incubation mixtures containing extracts of barley lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase, and the production of these enzymes in quiescent and germinated barley, were investigated. The ratio of 9-hydroperoxylinoleic acid to 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid was higher for incubation mixtur... |
A single glycoprotein accounts for the majority of radioactivity secreted to the cell wall when incubated carrot (Daucus carota) discs are labeled with radioactive proline or arabinose. The ferrous chelator alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl prevents the synthesis of this protein. A new proline-labeled protein is made in the prese... |
Antiserum was raised against a synthetic nona-peptide which was predicted to have considerable homology with the unhydroxylated, unglycosylated precursor of cell wall proteins from several plants. The antiserum is able to recognize the major cell wall protein of incubated carrot (Daucus carota) root discs which is prod... |
The carbohydrate moiety of secretory arabinogalactan protein in bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Prélude) is attached to the peptide backbone through hydroxyproline, serine, and threonine. Hydroxyproline-linked side chains, consisting of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and rhamnose, comprise the major part of t... |
The photosystem II core complex (TSF-IIa) is composed of polypeptides of molecular weight 54-, 47-, 42-, and 30 kilodaltons (kD) and cytochrome b-559. After treatment with trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin for 20 hours, the TSF-IIa particles still retained their photochemical activity and the light-induced cytochrome b-559... |
The binding of concanavalin A (Con A) to soybean root membranes in plasma membrane enriched fractions (recovered from the 34/45% interface of simplified discontinuous sucrose density gradients) was studied using a radiochemical assay employing tritiated ((3)H)-Con A. The effect of lectin concentration, time, and membra... |
Adenosine nucleosidase (adenosine ribohydrolase, EC 3.2.2.7) which catalyzes the deribosylation of N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine and adenosine to form the corresponding bases was partially purified from wheat germ. This enzyme (molecular weight 59,000 +/- 3,000) deribosylates the ribonucleosides at an optimum pH... |
Specific activities of NADP-malic enzyme, NAD-malic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase in various cells of Vicia faba L. leaflets were determined. Expressed on dry weight, chlorophyll or protein basis, the averages for NADP- and NAD-malic enzyme specific activities were high... |
The succulent, cylindrical leaves of the C(4) dicot Portulaca grandiflora possess three distinct green cell types: bundle sheath cells (BSC) in radial arrangement around the vascular bundles; mesophyll cells (MC) in an outer layer adjacent to the BSC; and water storage cells (WSC) in the leaf center. Unlike typical Kra... |
The subcellular distribution of soluble protease in anthesis-stage, anthocyanin-containing Hippeastrum cv. Dutch Red Hybrid petal protoplasts has been reevaluated and that of Triticum aestivum L. var. Red Coat leaf protoplasts determined using (125)I-fibrin as a protease substrate and improved methods for protoplast an... |
Using the thioredoxin/glutaredoxin-dependent adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase coupled assay system, the Chlorella thioredoxin/glutaredoxin system has been partially purified and characterized. A NADPH-thioredoxin reductase and two thioredoxin/glutaredoxin activities, designated as Chlorella thioredoxi... |
A second hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) was obtained from pea seed (Pisum sativum L. var. Progress No. 9) extracts. The enzyme, termed hexokinase II, had a high affinity (K(m), 48 micromolar) for glucose and a relatively low affinity (K(m), 10 millimolar) for fructose. The K(m) for MgATP was 86 micromolar. Mg(2+) was required... |
Ent-kaurene is synthesized from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in a two step sequence catalyzed by kaurene synthetase; the first step (A activity) involves the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into the intermediate ent-trans labda-8(17), 13-dien-15-yl pyrophosphate (copalyl pyrophosphate) which is further cycli... |
In exploring the role of the chloroplast in the multiplication of turnip yellow mosaic virus, the biosyntheses of the major viral polyamine, spermidine, as well as that of the tetramine, spermine were studied. The synthesis of these polyamines from [2-(14)C]methionine in protoplasts of Chinese cabbage leaf cells derive... |
A lipid-bound oligosaccharide was isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) cotyledons incubated with [(14)C]mannose. The oligosaccharide moiety appeared to be identical with the one obtained from rat liver, known to contain three glucoses, nine mannoses, and two N-acetylglucosamines, and to be involved in protein glycosylatio... |
NAD-dependent malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.39) was obtained from isolated mitochondria of cauliflower buds (Brassica oleracea L., var. botrytis). The NAD-linked activity is accompanied by a minor NADP-linked activity. Some contaminant NADP-malic enzyme from the supernatant and the plasma membrane is usually present in crude ... |
ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from spinach leaves has been purified to homogeneity by hydrophobic chromatography carried out in 1 molar phosphate buffer. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the preparation showed only one protein staining band that coincided with a single activity stain. The enzyme appears to be c... |
Respiration utilizing NAD-linked substrates in mitochondria isolated from cotyledons of etiolated peas (Pisum sativum L. var. Homesteader) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation exhibited resistance to rotenone. The inhibited rate of alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation was equivalent to the recovered rate of malate oxida... |
Six genotypes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in grain protein concentration were grown on a nutrient solution containing low concentrations of NO(3) (-) (2 millimolar). Total NO(3) (-) uptake varied between genotypes but was not related to grain protein content. An in vivo nitrate reductase assay was ... |
Triacontanol (TRIA) increased fresh and dry weight and total reducible nitrogen (total N) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings within 40 minutes. Increases in total N in the supernatants from homogenates of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice leaves treated with TRIA for one minute before grinding occurred within 30 and 80 minu... |
High activities (100-200 micromoles UDP hydrolyzed per milligram chlorophyll per hour) of uridine-5' diphosphatase (UDPase) have been identified in extracts of fully expanded soybean (Glycine max Merr.) leaves. In desalted crude extracts, UDPase activity was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of Mg:ATP (I(50) = 0... |
Various cytokinins and purines were ineffective in reversing glyphosate (0.25 millimolar)-induced growth inhibition of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell suspension cultures. Aspartate was particularly effective in reversing glyphosate inhibition, but asparagine and various combinations of lysine, methionine, threonine, an... |
Indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase has been reported to be involved in plant growth because of its alleged role in the control of endogenous IAA levels. This purported role was reevaluated in terms of the properties and subcellular location of the enzyme in etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) epicotyls.The enzymi... |
Scutellar tissues were dissected from germinating rice seeds and the incorporation of [(35)S]methionine into the alpha-amylase molecule was examined by in vivo and in vitro assay systems. Immunoprecipitation with monospecific anti-alpha-amylase immunoglobulin G raised against the purified enzyme preparation and sodium ... |
When 3- to 4-day-old dark-grown maize (Zea mays L. WF9 x Bear 38) seedlings are given red light, auxin-binding activity localized on endoplasmic reticulum membranes of the mesocotyl begins to decrease after 4 hours; by 9 hours, it falls to 50 to 60% of that in dark controls, on either a fresh weight or total particulat... |
The pattern of senescence was studied by following the changes in chlorophyll and protein in the leaves and by measuring (32)P retention and export from source to sink during development of the rice plant (Oryza sativa L. cv. Jaya) subjected to different manipulative treatments. With the advance of reproductive develop... |
Changes in proteolytic activity (aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, endopeptidase) were followed during germination (imbibition through seedling development) in extracts from cotyledons of jojoba seeds (Simmondsia chinensis). After imbibition, the cotyledons contained high levels of sulfhydryl aminopeptidase activity (A... |
The distribution of the glucosides of trans- and cis-2-hydroxy cinnamic acid and of the beta-glucosidase which hydrolyzes the latter glucoside was examined in preparations of epidermal and mesophyll tissue obtained from leaves of sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.). The concentrations of glucosides in the two tissues w... |
A toxic effect of alpha,alpha-trehalose in an angiospermic plant, Cuscuta reflexa (dodder), is described. This disaccharide and its analogs, 2-aminotrehalose and 4-aminotrehalose, induced a rapid blackening of the terminal region of the vine which is involved in elongation growth. From the results of in vitro growth of... |
The ammonium assimilatory enzymes glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) were investigated for a possible role in the regulation of asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) in a Chlamydomonas species isolated from a marine environment. Cells grown under nitrogen limitation (0.1 millimolar NH(4) (+)... |
Homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3) was extracted from shoots of etiolated seedlings of Zea mays L. which had been grown for periods ranging from three to thirteen days. Both the amount of enzyme extracted and its regulatory properties, as measured by the sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition by the feedback modula... |
The low molecular weight threonine-resistant (class I) and the higher molecular weight threonine-sensitive (class II/III) isozymes of homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3) isolated from Zea mays L. were shown to differ in stability during incubations in the presence of urea. Class II/III was inactivated by urea in a ti... |
Trans-aconitate synthesis via citrate dehydrase was determined in crude extracts of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. Two molecular forms of this enzyme were purified by substrate-specific elution from DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and gel filtration. Each molecular form migrates as a single band in is... |
The NAD malic enzyme from Crassula argentea shows a slow reaction transient in the form of a lag before reaching a steady-state rate in assays. This lag, which has a half-time or tau ranging from seconds to many minutes under various conditions, poses problems in the interpretation of kinetic data with this enzyme. The... |
The relationship between toluene concentration and the rate of leakage of solutes from toluene-treated roots and leaves of Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench, was studied to determine the effect of toluene on plant cell membranes. A threshold concentration of 0.2% toluene was needed to induce leakage. Maximal leakage rates wer... |
Actively growing juice-vesicle explants, established from small lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f. var. ;Eureka') fruits, were cultured in vitro on defined media. The juice vesicles continued to enlarge in culture for several months, without callus proliferation, and their initial growth was promoted by indoleacetic acid,... |
When gibberellic acid (GA(3); 5-35 micrograms per milliliter) is sprayed on 9-day-old light-grown dwarf Progress pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings, it causes a marked increase in the activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.9) in the fourth internodes. The titer of putrescine and spermidine, polyamines produced in... |
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, the first enzyme in the pathway for interconversion of C(1) fragments, was purified to homogeneity for the first time from any plant source. The enzyme from 72-h mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings was isolated using Blue Sepharose CL-6B and folate-AH-Sepharose-4B affinity matrices a... |
Cell wall preparations from green pericarp of normal and mutant Neverripe (Nr) and ripening inhibitor (rin) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit were all equally degraded in vitro by a cell wall-bound protein extract from ripe normal tomatoes.Similar cell wall-bound protein extracts from ripe Nr fruit were not ... |
In excised pro(1-1) mutant and corresponding normal type roots of Zea mays L. the uptake and interconversion of [(14)C]proline, [(14)C]glutamic acid, [(14)C]glutamine, and [(14)C]ornithine and their utilization for protein synthesis was measured with the intention of finding an explanation for the proline requirement o... |
The effects of inhibition of protein synthesis on whole-plant CO(2) exchange and on protein synthesis during hydration of the resurrection plant Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook and Grev.) were examined. Both chloramphenicol and cycloheximide inhibited the redevelopment of photosynthetic capacity which normally occurs wi... |
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity was measured in partially purified extracts from cotyledons of developing and germinating seeds of Pisum sativum L. Some properties of the enzyme were established. During cotyledon development, the activity initially increased sharply but decreased during further development. The... |
CDP-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol):myo-inositol phosphatidyltransferase (EC 2.7.8.11, phosphatidylinositol synthase) catalyzes the final step in the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction of germinating soybeans (Glycine max L. var Cutler 71). A variety of solubiliz... |
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) RNA was used to program synthesis of the alpha-amylase protein by Xenopus laevis oocytes. A 41,500-dalton protein was made which was identified as alpha-amylase by immunoprecipitation with rabbit anti-alpha-amylase antiserum raised against the purified wheat protein and by its co-migration wit... |
A cyanide-insensitive superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was purified from leaves of the water lily Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. and Smith Subsp. macrophyllum (Small) Beal. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 46,000 and was composed of two equally sized subunits. Metal analysis showed the protein to contain about 1 gram ... |
A particulate preparation (MgP) capable of photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation without the addition of stromal protein was obtained by rupturing whole spinach (Spinacia oleracea var. America) chloroplasts in 15 millimolar MgCl(2) buffered with Tricine at pH 8.5. This CO(2) assimilation was dependent upon light, inorganic... |
Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), an inhibitor of the photorespiratory pathway blocking the conversion of glycine to serine and CO(2), has been used as a selective agent to obtain INH-resistant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) callus cells. Of 22 cell lines that were INH-resistant, none were different from wild-type cells ... |
A ribonuclease fraction previously purified from flax by gel filtration was further resolved into two components by hydroxyl apatite chromatography. These were homogeneous with respect to electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Both enzymes are of RNase I type but differ in substrate specificity, kinetic properties, ... |
The binding of ferredoxin-NADP reductase to spinach chloroplast membranes was studied by washing the membranes with different media. Release of the enzyme from the thylakoids was greater in 0.75 millimolar EDTA but was not complete inasmuch as 20% the activity remained membrane-bound after three washes.A Scatchard plot... |
Wheat kernels from myo-[2-(3)H]inositol- or scyllo-[R-(3)H]inositol-labeled plants (Sasaki and Loewus 1980 Plant Physiol 66: 740-745) were used to study redistribution of (3)H into growing regions during germination. Most of the labeled 1-alpha-galactinol (or the analogous scyllo-inositol galactoside) was hydrolyzed wi... |
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, a key enzyme in the photosynthetic carboxylation process, has been localized through an indirect immunofluorescent technique in the guard cells of some of the 41 species of plants examined. This sample includes 17 families of both dicotyledons and monocotyledons, one gymnosperm, and o... |
The intrinsic membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum from endosperm of maturing and germinated seedlings of castor bean (Ricinus communis) were studied. Preparations were simultaneously subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 30 separate proteins were distinguished by staining ... |
The importance of the simultaneous consideration of tissue and substrate concentration in the estimation of ion uptake is discussed. An elaboration of the model of ion uptake, originally proposed by E. Epstein, is developed. The modified model takes both tissue and substrate ion concentration into account and uses true... |
Changes in the concentrations of NH(4) (+) and amides during the growth of suspension cultures of rose (Rosa cv. Paul's Scarlet) cells were examined. When cells were grown in medium possessing only NO(3) (-) as a nitrogen source, the concentrations of NH(4) (+) and amides increased to 4.0 x 10(-1) and 5.9 micromoles pe... |
Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase has been identified in the green grains of eight cereal grasses, most of which are classified as C(3) plants. The wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lerma Rojo) grain enzyme was further investigated: activity was low in very young grains, increased to a maximum at about 25 days after anthe... |
A NAD(P)H oxidizing system (NAAP) was detected and partially purified from leaves of spinach and Sedum praealtum, seeds and leaves of pea and cells of green and red algae which oxidized NAD(P)H in the presence of ascorbate and H(2)O(2).The partially-purified spinach system had substrate K(m) values of 5 micromolar for ... |
This study was conducted to determine if aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) insensitivity in avocado (Persea americana Mill., Lula, Haas, and Bacon) tissue was due to an alternate pathway of ethylene biosynthesis from methionine. AVG, at 0.1 millimolar, had little or no inhibitory effect on either total ethylene production ... |
Mesophyll protoplasts isolated from primary leaves of wheat seedlings were used to follow the localization of proteases and the breakdown of chloroplasts during dark-induced senescence. Protoplasts were readily obtained from leaf tissue, even after 80% of the chlorophyll and protein had been lost. Intact chloroplasts a... |
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, a halophilic, inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species, was grown at NaCl concentrations of 20 and 400 millimolar in the rooting medium. Plants from the low salinity treatment showed exclusively C(3)-photosynthetic net CO(2) fixation, whereas plants exposed to the high salinit... |
Solid-state [(15)N]NMR was used to measure the use of the amide and amino nitrogens of glutamine and asparagine for synthesis of storage protein in cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Elf) in culture. No major discrimination in the incorporation of the amide or amino nitrogens of glutamine into protein is apparen... |
Solid-state (15)N- and [(13)C] NMR have been used to measure quantitatively the utilization of glycine in the presence of glutamine for the synthesis of storage protein in immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Elf) in culture. The presence of an equal molar amount of glycine in the medium causes a decrease... |
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