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NADH:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) and NAD(P)H:nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2) were purified from wild-type soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr., cv Williams) and nr(1)-mutant soybean plants. Purification included Blue Sepharose- and hydroxylapatite-column chromatography using acetone powders from fully expanded unifoliolat... |
The kinetics of l-aspartate transport into pea chloroplasts was studied in the presence and absence of transport inhibitors to determine whether multiple aspartate carriers exist. Transport was measured by the silicone oil centrifugation technique. Reciprocal plots of concentration-dependent transport rates were biphas... |
Wheat coleoptiles have two distinct invertases, a soluble and a cell wall-bound form as indicated by results from cytochemical and biochemical studies. These enzyme activities differ in their pH optima, chromatographic behavior on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, kinetic properties, thermal stability, and response to light... |
Chromatin DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and RNases activities were measured in winter and spring varieties to understand the overall regulation of RNA synthesis during cold acclimation. We found that total RNA polymerase activities were significantly higher in chromatin isolated from winter wheat compared to the spring... |
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extensively purified to homogeneity from d'Anjou pear (Pyrus communis L.) by extraction in the presence of the phenolic binder AG 2-X8 andTriton X-100. Chlorophyll pigment was removed by chromatography resulting in a clear, colorless enzyme extract. Purification of pear PPO was achieved aft... |
d-Lactate accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was dependent on anaerobic conditions. As much as 50% of the (14)C after 2 minutes of photosynthetic (14)CO(2) fixation moved into d-lactate from sugar phosphates if the cells became anaerobic for short time periods. No lactate accumulated in the dark until the O(2) c... |
The subcellular and developmental distribution of beta-cyanoalanine synthase (EC 4.4.1.9), which catalyzes the reaction between cysteine and HCN to form beta-cyanoalanine and H(2)S, were investigated in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves. Total leaf activity was 1.1 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight. Sucrose den... |
Glucosamine and mannose were incorporated into oligosaccharides linked to either polar membrane-lipids or to asparagine residues of endogenous proteins in apical growing tissues of the etiolated pea stem. The glycolipids were subject to turnover in pulse-chase tests and protein-linked oligosaccharides accumulated with ... |
The tonoplast ATPase from corn coleoptile membranes was solubilized using a two-step procedure consisting of a pretreatment with 0.15% (w/v) deoxycholate to remove 60% of the protein, and 40 millimolar octyl-glucoside to solubilize the ATPase. During ultracentrifugation, the solublized ATPase entered a linear sucrose g... |
Soybean (Glycine max L.) cells cultured in B5 medium produce extremely low amounts of lignin. However, modification in the growth medium, by lowering the concentration of NO(-) (3) and PO(2-) (4), results in the lignification of these cells without affecting levels of cell wall-esterified 4-coumaric and ferulic acid. T... |
Superoxide dismutase has been purified to homogeneity from Lens esculenta cotyledons and shoots. The two forms appeared to be identical. The purified enzyme contained two electrophoretically distinct bands. It contained two ions of Cu and two ions of Zn. Gel filtration experiments indicate a molecular weight of about 3... |
A non-heme iron containing protein which bears an antigenic similarity to ferredoxin from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) has been identified in extracts prepared from young roots of maize (Zea mays L., hybrid W64A x W182E). The ferredoxin-like root electron carrier could substitute for ferredoxin in a cytochrome... |
Seeds of the greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) contain a lectin which could be isolated using a combination of affinity chromatography on chitin and ion exchange chromatography on sulphopropyl-Sephadex. The purified lectin was partially characterized with respect to its biochemical and physicochemical properties... |
We have examined phytochrome regulated changes in transcript abundance for 11 different light regulated mRNAs in developing pea buds. Fluence-response curves were measured for changes in transcript abundance in response to red light pulses in both the low and very low fluence ranges. Most transcripts show only low flue... |
We have exploited the positional gradient of cellular differentiation in Zea mays leaves to study the accumulation of mRNAs encoding subunits of the two CO(2)-fixing enzymes and the major chlorophyll-binding protein. These three proteins are differentially compartmentalized in the two photosynthetically active cell typ... |
Flower buds of ;Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) were able to fix (14)CO(2) into a number of compounds in their own tissues under both light and dark conditions. The total incorporation, however, was about 4-fold higher in the light than in the dark. In the light, 50% of the total (14)C label was found in... |
Endoproteinase activities and species were compared during dark-induced senescence of attached and detached primary barley leaves by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell-free extracts. Neither of the two major endoproteinases (EP1 and EP2) changed in amounts during senescence of attached ... |
Young bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var Saxa) were fed with 3.5 or 10 millimolar N in either the form of NO(3) (-) or NH(4) (+), after being grown on N-free nutrient solution for 8 days. The pH of the nutrient solutions was either 6 or 4. The cell sap pH and the extractable activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carbox... |
The second enzyme of phosphatidic acid synthesis from glycerol-3-phosphate, 1-acylglycerophospate acyltransferase, was localized to the inner envelope membrane of pea chloroplasts. The activity of this enzyme was measured by both a coupled enzyme assay and a direct enzyme assay. Using the coupled enzyme assay, phosphat... |
Two distinct membrane fractions containing H(+)-ATPase activity were prepared from red beet. One fraction contained a H(+)-ATPase activity that was inhibited by NO(3) (-) while the other contained a H(+)-ATPase inhibited by vanadate. We have previously proposed that these H(+)-ATPases are associated with tonoplast (NO(... |
As compared with normal wheat leaves, the chlorina wheat mutant, designated CD3, has a high chlorophyll a/b ratio and a deficiency in the light harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHCP) complex. Applications of 200 micrograms per milliliter of d-threo-chloramphenicol to etiolated seedlings decreased the chlorophyll a/b rat... |
3-Phosphoglycerate (PGA)-dependent O(2) evolution by mesophyll chloroplasts of the C(4) plant, Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop. (crabgrass), was inhibited by micromolar levels of 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS). As little as 1.8 micromolar DIDS added to the assay medium (containing 0.7 millimolar... |
The effects of sulfur deficiency on the complement of proteins laid down in developing seeds of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) have been examined. Sulfur deficiency caused a 40% decrease in the level of glycinins and a contrasting elevation in the level of beta-conglycinins. The subunit composition of these proteins was... |
Phleinase induced in stem base of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) after defoliation was partially purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of phleinase was 57,000 as determined by gel chromat... |
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was partially purified from Chlorella vulgaris 11h. 3-Phosphoglycerate activated the enzyme by lowering the Michaelis constant for glucose-1-phosphate (from 0.97 to 0.36 millimolar in the presence of 2 millimolar phosphoglycerate) and ATP (from 0.23 to 0.10 millimolar), as well as increasi... |
We have used the nonionic detergent octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate to isolate two novel Photosystem I (PSI) complexes from spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) thylakoid membranes. These complexes have been characterized as to their spectral properties, content of PSI reaction center ... |
Homogeneous nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2) from Monoraphidium braunii was obtained by means of affinity chromatography in blue-Sepharose and gel filtration. After electrophoresis in polyacrylamide, gel slices containing pure nitrate reductase were disrupted and injected into previously unimmunized rabbits. The antiseru... |
Development of Brassica napus L. cv Tower embryos of different ages cultured in vitro with and without abscisic acid (ABA) was compared with normal development in situ to investigate the role of ABA in embryo maturation. Endogenous ABA levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and sensitivity to ABA was assayed in term... |
Radiation inactivation of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plasma membrane ATPase was carried out using gamma-ray radiation from a (137)Cs source. Inactivation of vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity by gamma-ray radiation followed an exponential decline with increasing total dose, indicating a single target size calculat... |
Potential sites of gibberellin biosynthesis in 10-day-old ;Alaska' pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were investigated using a cell-free ezyme system capable of incorporating [(14)C]-mevalonic acid into ent-kaurene. In peas, ent-kaurene is assumed to be a committed intermediate in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway. C... |
Mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath strands were isolated from maize leaves. Light microscopic observation showed the preparations were pure and without cross contamination. Protein blot analysis of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell soluble protein showed that the concentration of pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (E... |
Lipoxygenase protein and activity were examined during establishment, senescence, and rejuvenation of soybean cotyledons. Lipoxygenase protein, as determined on ;Western' immunoblots, and lipoxygenase-1 and -2/3 activities decreased during mobilization of seed reserves 3 to 9 days following planting. Lipoxygenase-1 act... |
Protein and RNA synthesizing activities increased markedly during the mating process and decreased during the maturation stage of zygotes in heterothallic strains of Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littoale, KAS-4-29 (mating-type minus) and KAS -4-30 (mating-type plus) and a homothallic Closterium acerosum. Different ... |
Many studies have shown that gibberellic acid (GA(3)) inhibits tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, we have utilized the 40 kilodalton glycoprotein, patatin, as a marker for biochemical events associated with the process of tuberization. To determine the effects of exogenous applications of GA(... |
Phytohemagglutinin, the glycoprotein lectin of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, has both high-mannose (Man(8-9)GlcNAc(2)) and modified oligosaccharide side chains. The modified side chains have glucosamine, mannose, fucose, and xylose in the molar ratios 2:3.8:0.6:0.5, and are resistant to hydrolysis by endoglycosi... |
Proteins in intercellular washing fluid (IWF) from wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves were separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) or silver. Intracellular protein from the cut ends of leaves accounte... |
The enzyme, phenoloxidase, was isolated and partially purified as an inactive enzyme, a proenzyme, from plant cell cultures of Daucus carota, Nicotiana tabacum, and Haplopappus gracilis. The prophenoloxidase was found to be specifically activated by Ca(2+) or Mn(2+) ions in concentrations above 1 millimolar. Calmodulin... |
This study presents evidence for a new enzyme, d-ribose-5-P reductase, which catalyzes the reaction: d-ribose-5-P + NADPH + H(+) --> d-ribitol-5-P + NADP(+). The enzyme was isolated from Adonis vernalis L. leaves in 38% yield and was purified 71-fold. The reductase was NADPH specific and had a pH optimum in the range o... |
The enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), has been demonstrated in leaves of Chinese cabbage, (Brassica pekinensis var Pak Choy). All of the enzyme can be found in extracts of the protoplasts obtained from the leaves of growing healthy or virus-infected cabbage. The protein has been purified a... |
The effect of the inhibitor N(2)-bromoacetyl-l-ornithine (NBAO) on the biosynthesis of ornithine in higher plants, was investigated using soybean cells (Glycine max L. var Mandarin), grown in suspension culture. The NBAO was found to reduce the specific activity of the enzyme N(2)-acetyl-l-ornithine: l-glutamate N-acet... |
Chlamydomonas reinhardii cells, after a period of dark anaerobic adaptation, evolve H(2) not only in the dark but also in the light. Our results show that high irradiances impair prolonged H(2) evolution, while under low irradiances or darkness H(2) evolution proceeds for more than 50 hours. NO(3) (-) and NO(2) (-) sup... |
Polyadenylated RNA was isolated from maize leaves and translated in vitro. In agreement with a previous report by others, we found among the translation products a 110-kilodalton pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) precursor that is about 16 kilodaltons larger than the polypeptide isolated from cells. This maize PP... |
The globulins from wheat caryopses were found to consist primarily of protein sedimenting at approximately 3S and 7S. These proteins displayed a molecular weight distribution similar to that of the purified vicilin-like fractions from oat and pea, with variations occurring in the isoelectric points and relative quantit... |
The transport and accumulation of phytohemagglutinin in developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cotyledons is accompanied by the transient presence of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues on the oligosaccharide sidechains of this glycoprotein. These peripheral GlcNAc residues can be distinguished from those in the chi... |
The activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was measured at various times during the purification of the enzyme from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum which were collected either 1 hour before the start of the photoperiod (predawn) or in the middle of the photoperiod (midday). The activity of the enzyme i... |
Sealed membrane vesicles were isolated from homogenates of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproot by a combination of differential centrifugation, extraction with KI, and dextran gradient centrifugation. Relative to the KI-extracted microsomes, the content of plasma membranes, mitochondrial membranes, and Golgi membranes... |
Immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv Taylor's Horticultural removed from the pod at 32 days of development do not germinate unless first subjected to desiccation. Our results show that premature drying not only redirects metabolism from a developmental to a germination program but it does so permanently, thus effect... |
Cloned hybridization probes have been used to investigate the effect of infection of susceptible Hordeum vulgare cv Prior by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei on the abundance of host mRNAs coding for the large (LSU) and precursor to the small (SSU) subunits of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the rapi... |
This study focuses on the role of protein turnover in the accumulation of the storage protein beta-conglycinin (7S protein) during soybean embryogenesis. The results of pulse:chase experiments using (3)H-leucine indicate that the turnover of the subunits of beta-conglycinin by proteolysis is more rapid in early stages ... |
The enzymes responsible for the phosphorylation of hexoses in the plant cytosolic fraction of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr cv Williams) nodules have been studied and a hexokinase (ATP:d-hexose 6-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.1) and fructokinase (ATP:d-fructose 6-phosphotransferase EC 2.7.1.4) shown to be involved. The pl... |
Etiolated whole rice seedlings enclosed in sealed vials produced ethylene at a rate of 0.9 picomole per hour per seedling. When 2-centimeter-long shoots were subdivided into 5-millimeter-long sections, the sections containing the tip of the shoot evolved 37% of the total ethylene with the remaining 63% being produced a... |
The stroma of chloroplasts is probably the sole site of the shikimate pathway enzymes shikimate oxidoreductase/dehydroquinate hydrolyase (SORase/DHQase) in spinach leaves. (a) The chromatographic behavior of the bifunctional protein SORase/DHQase on several separation materials with extracts from stroma compared with l... |
Terminal stem joints from three opuntias were detached and maintained for 160 days under natural climatic conditions in the winter and summer. Neither Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) nor CAM-idling, as evidenced by a diurnal malate flux, was maintained throughout the two periods; ceasing earlier in the summer period... |
This study represents the first report on chloroplast protein synthesis during the synchronous cell growth of a chromophytic (chlorophyll a,c) plant. When the unicellular alga Olisthodiscus luteus is maintained on a 12-hour light:12-hour dark cycle, cell and chloroplast number double every 24 hours. A temporal separati... |
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) was purified from mature, dry maize kernels and from roots of anaerobically treated maize seedlings and partially characterized. PDC was purified to a specific activity of 96 units per milligram protein from kernels and to 41 units per milligram protein from root. The subunit molecular mass... |
Glycerate kinase (EC 2.7.1.31) from maize (Zea mays) leaves was shown to be regulated by light/dark transition. The enzyme more than doubled in activity after either the leaves or isolated mesophyll chloroplasts were illuminated with white light for 10 minutes. Rate of inactivation in the dark was faster in leaves than... |
Proteolytic activity is compared in anther extracts from Petunia parodii fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile lines. It is characterized relative to developmental stage of the anthers, effect of variable incubation times, pH of isolation buffers, and degradation of marker proteins. In fertile anthers, proteolytic activ... |
Protein kinase activity was detected in osmotically lysed mitochondria isolated from etiolated seedlings of corn, pea, soybean, and wheat, as well as from potato tubers. Ther kinase(s) phosphorylated both endogenous polypeptides and exogenous, nonmitochondrial proteins when supplied with ATP and Mg(2+). Eight to fiftee... |
Spleen cells from mice immunized with starch branching enzymes were fused with cells from the mouse myeloma Sp2/0-AG14 cell line to form hybridomas. Those hybridomas producing antibodies against the branching enzyme were screened by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified branching enzyme as the antigen. T... |
The enzymic properties of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase purified from rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves were studied. Rice RuBPcarboxylase, activated by preincubation with CO(2) and Mg(2+) like other higher plant carboxylases, had an activation equilibrium constant (K(c)K(Mg)) of 1.90 x 10(5) to 2.... |
A competitive radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) from Lens culinaris is reported. Specific antibodies raised in rabbits immunized with a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme were incubated with purified (125)I-enzyme and with either unlabeled diamine oxidase or plant material. Antige... |
The storage protein phaseolin accumulates during seed development in protein bodies in cotyledons of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Hall et al. (In L Van Vloten-Doting, TC Hall, eds, Molecular Form and Function of the Plant Genome, 1985 Plenum Press, In press) recently reported the expression of a gene coding for ... |
Bundle sheath chloroplasts have been isolated from Zea mays leaves by a procedure involving enzymic digestion of mechanically prepared strands of bundle sheath cells followed by gentle breakage and filtration. The resulting crude chloroplast preparation was enriched by Percoll density layer centrifugation to yield inta... |
Serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase, a marker enzyme for leaf peroxisomes, has been purified to homogeneity from cucumber cotyledons (Cucumis sativus cv Improved Long Green). The isolation procedure involved precipitation with polyethyleneimine, a two-step ammonium sulfate fractionation (35 to 45%), gel filtration on Ul... |
Polyadenylated (poly A(+)) RNAs were prepared from both dry and incubated embryonic axes of Vigna unguiculata seeds and were translated by a wheat germ translation system. Analysis with gel electrophoresis and fluorography showed that translation products of poly A(+) RNA from dry embryonic axes were nearly the same as... |
Increased photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells treated with triacontanol (TRIA) was not due to changes in glycolate excretion, CO(2) compensation point, or the sensitivity of photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation to O(2). Kinetic analysis of TRIA-treated cells showed that the increase in pho... |
The involvement of phytochrome in the control of the levels of RNA transcribed from maize plastid and nuclear genes was examined. The effects of illumination with red light, far-red light, or red light followed by far-red light on relative amounts of RNAs complementary to maize plastid genes for the large subunit of ri... |
The levels of activity of 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase in the green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris, were in the range of 37 to 60 micromoles per milligram chlorophyll per hour and in the blue-green algae, Anacystis nidulans and Anabaena variabilis were 204 to 310 micromoles per milligram chlo... |
The effects of water deficits on plant morphology and biochemistry were analyzed in two photoperiodic strains of field-grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Plants grown under dryland conditions exhibited a 40 to 85% decrease in leaf number, leaf area index, leaf size, plant height, and total weight per plant. Gross ph... |
Reduction of Fe(III)EDTA by excised roots of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) is stimulated by l-malate in the bathing solution. Reduction occurs much more rapidly with roots of seedlings grown in the absence of iron than with roots of seedlings grown with iron. Cell-wall preparations from these roots catalyze reduct... |
The effect of water stress (reduced osmotic potential) on photosynthetic nitrite reduction was investigated using intact, isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Nitrite-dependent O(2) evolution was inhibited 39% at -29.5 bars osmotic potential, relative to a control at -11 bars. In the presence of an uncoup... |
Previous work showed that the indole alkaloid gramine accumulates in the upper leaves (e.g. the fifth) of barley as a response to high growth temperatures. The biosynthesis of gramine proceeds from tryptophan to 3-aminomethylindole (AMI); sequential N-methylations of AMI then yield N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole (MAMI) a... |
The chlorosis symptom that characterizes the halo blight disease of Phaseolus vulgaris L. is caused by phaseolotoxin produced by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola. Phaseolotoxin is hydrolyzed by plant peptidases to N(delta)(N'-sulpho-diaminophosphinyl) -l-ornithine which also causes ch... |
Phospholipid polar head group and fatty acid composition were determined for plasma membrane enriched fractions from developing soybean root (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cult. Wells II). Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from meristematic and mature sections of four-day-old dark grown soybean roots at pH 7.8 and in the... |
The alkaline lipase in the glyoxysomes from the endosperm of young castor bean seedlings, an integral membrane component, was solubilized in deoxycholate:KCl and purified to apparent homogeneity. The molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 62,000 daltons. The enzyme reaction wa... |
Latex from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Two latex-specific bands were identified in protein samples of poppy latex using one-dimensional native PAGE. Second dimension analysis with SDS-PAGE indicates that these proteins have a relative molecular weig... |
In extracts from the youngest leaves of Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Zea Mays, Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of Heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to V(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh... |
A release of (14)CO(2) not related to ornithine decarboxylase activity was found in crude leaf extracts from Lycopersicon esculentum, Avena sativa, and especially from the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing Heliotropium angiospermum when incubated with [1-(14)C]- or [U-(14)C]ornithine. The total (14)CO(2) produced was abou... |
5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA) nucleosidase and 5-methylthioribose (MTR) kinase activities were measured in crude extracts of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Rutgers) during fruit development and ripening. The highest activity of MTA nucleosidase (1.2 nanomoles per milligram protein per minute) was observe... |
The maize sucrose synthetase isozyme (SS2) present in sh1 endosperm, sh1 seedlings, and in suspension culture cells was purified to homogeneity from each of these tissues by sequential ammonium sulfate fractionation, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and affinity elution with UT... |
Poly A(+) mRNA was isolated from Vicia faba leaves and translated in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. From analysis of the total translation products, the major proteins synthesized in vitro were 32 kilodaltons and 20 kilodaltons. When antibodies to Vicia faba polyphenoloxidase were added, a specif... |
The production of somatic embryos in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cv Regen S) is increased 5- to 10-fold by alanine and proline. However, utilization of nitrogen for synthesis of protein from alanine, proline, glutamate, and glycine is not qualitatively different, even though the latter two amino acids do not increase ... |
How fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and metabolic intermediates interact to regulate the activity of the cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in vitro has been investigated. Mg(2+) is required as an activator. There is a wide pH optimum, especially at high Mg(2+). The substrate dependence is not markedly pH dependent. High ... |
Activity of arginine decarboxylase in etiolated pea seedlings appears 24 hours after seed imbibition, reaches its highest level on the 4th day, and levels off until the 7th day. This activity was found in the apical and subapical tissue of the roots and shoots where intensive DNA synthesis occurs. Exposure of the seedl... |
One major and two minor aminopeptidase activities from germinated jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) cotyledon extracts were separated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatofocusing. None of the activities were inhibited by 1,10 phenanthroline.The major aminopeptidase, purified 260-fold, showed a pH optimum of 6.9 w... |
Callus cultures established from Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings were used to investigate hormonal influence on lectin biosynthesis. The plant tissue cultures were initiated using defined levels of both a cytokinin (kinetin) and an auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and were then transferred to media containing differ... |
Senescence of petals isolated from flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (cv Pink Versicolor) was associated with increased ethylene production. Exposure to ethylene (10 microliters per liter) accelerated the onset of senescence, as indicated by petal in-rolling, and stimulated ethylene production. Senescence was also h... |
During the period of most active leaf expansion, the foliar dark respiration rate of soybeans (Glycine max cv Williams), grown for 2 weeks in 1000 microliters CO(2) per liter air, was 1.45 milligrams CO(2) evolved per hour leaf density thickness, and this was twice the rate displayed by leaves of control plants (350 mi... |
The effect of TP (triosephosphates:glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate, GAP, +dihydroxyacetone phosphate, DHAP) on respiration, phosphorylation and matrix ATP/ADP ratios of isolated oat mesophyll mitochondria was investigated. With both malate and NADH, a 50% inhibition of state 3-phosphorylation was induced by about 15 to 20 m... |
Anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves of triazinesusceptible and -resistant biotypes of common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) were studied in order to explain the differences in light-saturated photosynthetic rates previously reported. Leaves were of uniform leaf plastochron index from greenhouse-grow... |
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was measured in extracts of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) leaves over a single day/night cycle. There was a 2- to 3-fold postillumination increase in extractable enzyme activity in maize leaves, whereas the activity of soybean SPS was only about 30% h... |
Two isozymes of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.2.15) designated DS-Mn and DS-Co were separated from seedlings of Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. DS-Mn was activated 2.6-fold by 0.4 millimolar manganese, had an activity optimum of 7.0, and was substrate i... |
The accumulation and degradation of a wheat (Triticum durum) embryo cytokinin-binding protein (CBF-1) was followed during embryo development and germination by its N(6)-benzyladenine (BA) binding activity and immunological reactivity (rocket immunoelectrophoresis and Western blotting). Both BA binding activity and CBF-... |
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (oxidative) cyclase, the enzyme system responsible for the formation of the chlorophyll isocyclic ring, exhibits requirements for both essential sulfhydryls and essential disulfides. It is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, dithiothreitol, and beta-mercaptoethanol, but not by sodium ar... |
Roots of carrots (Daucus carota) contain three activities of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the shikimate pathway. The three activities, enzymes I, II, and III, are separated by chromatography on phosphocellulose. Enzyme III, purified to electrop... |
In weak yet optimal light intensity, complete photoactivation of the water-oxidizing enzyme in NH(2)OH-extracted wheat (Triticum aestivum, var Oasis) leaf segments could be obtained only after long dark preincubation. Photoactivation was not affected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate or inhibitors of photophosphorylation ... |
Chlorella sorokiniana ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) was purified to homogeneity with yields of 35 to 40%. Molecular weights of the holoenzyme and its large subunit (LS) and small subunit (SS) were estimated to be 562,000, 55,000, and 15,800, respectively. Amino acid compositions of LS from C. sorokin... |
By use of specific immunochemical procedures, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase), antigen and catalytic activity were shown to have coincident step-patterns of accumulation during the cell cycle of Chlorella sorokiniana. Pulse-chase studies, employing radioactive sulfate, were performed during the period ... |
Proteins in intercellular washing fluid (IWF) from noninoculated and stem rust-affected wheat leaves were separated by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and assayed in situ for peroxidase and glycosidase activity.Two infe... |
Light-induced swelling of guard cell protoplasts (GCP) from Vicia faba was accompanied by increases in content of K(+) and malate. DCMU inhibited the increase of K(+) and malate, and consequently swelling.Effect of light on the activity of selected enzymes that take part in malate formation was studied. When isolated G... |
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