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To investigate whether the levels of expression of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in hepatic tissue are related with severity and prognosis of sepsis in rat, in order to look for a dependable marker for monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of the treatment of sepsis. |
In this article, the author, an actor and a privileged observer of psychiatry in Quebec over the past twenty-five years, outlines the development of that area. He describes the events before 1962, the after effects of the Bedard Commission and the influence of the Castonguay-Nepveu Commission on psychiatric services. T... |
The idea of alternative resources is a fashion able one; however, those resources are still fighting for their financial survival and what is more, they are handicapped by power games. The alternative resources'state of affairs is described with the help of examples taken from the Montreal district and from a report on... |
In this article the author describes the current legal system as it applies to the legal protection of the mentally ill and retarded. He speaks mainly of the laws and regulations which apply to every Quebec citizen; of the civil procedure code ; of the law for protection of the mentally ill, of the law on Public Curato... |
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) are two metalloproteases, which have both been isolated from the airways. With the knowledge that young girls experience a worsening of asthma with fluctuations in oestrogen levels, we attempted to establish whether there is a change in ACE or NEP leve... |
It has become increasingly clear that receptors for the immunoglobulin Fc region play pivotal roles in immune homeostasis and disease. This review describes the fine regulation of the high-affinity IgE-receptor (FcepsilonRI) signaling, especially focusing on the early events that are coordinately regulated by Src famil... |
Extremely low birth-weight newborns (<1000g) experience low levels of thyroid hormone that vary inversely with the severity of neonatal illness and the extent of developmental immaturity with levels reaching a nadir at approximate, equals7 days after birth; this phenomenon can persist for several weeks. In the absence ... |
FTIR spectroscopy was applied to investigate the interaction of anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Amide band I of BSA was analyzed to obtain the change in secondary structure of BSA when different concentration of SDS was added and during different interaction period. In sh... |
Hemin-catalytic decomposition of artemisinin (qinghaosu, QHS) was studied using pyronine B (PB) as an indicator. The interaction between hemin and QHS was an enzyme-substrate model, and the action sites were the endoperoxide moiety of QHS and the central metal ion of enzyme respectively. The kinetic catalytic constant ... |
In studies that use DNA arrays to assess changes in gene expression, our goal is to evaluate the statistical significance of treatments on sets of genes. Genes can be grouped by a molecular function, a biological process, or a cellular component, e.g., gene ontology (GO) terms. The meaning of an affected GO group is of... |
Gene Ontology (GO) characterizes and categorizes the functions of genes and their products according to biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components, facilitating interpretation of data from high-throughput genomics and proteomics technologies. The most effective use of GO information is achieved w... |
The field of Computational Systems Neurobiology is maturing quickly. If one wants it to fulfil its central role in the new Integrative Neurobiology, the reuse of quantitative models needs to be facilitated. The community has to develop standards and guidelines in order to maximise the diffusion of its scientific produc... |
A current trend in neuroscience research is the use of stable isotope tracers in order to address metabolic processes in vivo. The tracers produce a huge number of metabolite forms that differ according to the number and position of labeled isotopes in the carbon skeleton (isotopomers) and such a large variety makes th... |
Small non coding RNAs are a group of very different RNA molecules, present in virtually all cells, with a wide spectrum of regulatory functions which include RNA modification and regulation of protein synthesis. They have been isolated and characterized in all organisms and tissues, from Archaeobacteria to mammals. In ... |
Neuronal communication is tightly regulated in time and space. Following neuronal activation, an electrical signal triggers neurotransmitter (NT) release at the active zone. The process starts by the signal reaching the synapse followed by a fusion of the synaptic vesicle (SV) and diffusion of the released NT in the sy... |
Transplant failure is a more and more frequent cause of end stage renal failure and dialysis. Patient survival rate after graft failure is very varied according to different reports. Better survival is mainly a consequence of good continuum of care thanks to improved interaction between dialysis and transplant center. ... |
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is frequently associated with increased plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy), an amino acid that can be considered a new uremic toxin according to recent evidence. Studies on Hcy described first homocystinuria, an inherited disease characterized by high plasma Hcy levels and premature cardiov... |
Neisseria meningitidis, the etiological agent of all forms of meningococcal disease, is still a cause for concern among society in general and especially among health workers. Several of its antigens have been used in strain characterization, and some have served as the basis for the development of vaccines. In this se... |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human pathogen with worldwide distribution. This microorganism is a common cause (10-30%) of community-acquired pneumonia, also called primary atypical pneumonia because of the spectrum of clinical and radiological findings. The immune response is mainly based on rapid antibody production aga... |
Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 3.1% of all brain tumors and 13.6% of those in patients younger than 15 years of age in Japan. They are classified into five basic histological types: germinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and embryonal carcinoma; or into mixed tumor types when they ... |
To analyze the spectrometric serum protein profiling of laryngeal carcinoma and healthy controls by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), to establish serum marker pattern for the diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma. |
Several studies have been carried out to investigate the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in obese and normal weight individuals, often with contradictory results in different populatios. In some studies, the DD genotype occurs at a high frequency in obesity, while in others ... |
Previous studies have shown that a simple analog of extracellular matrix delays wound contraction and, if seeded with keratinocytes, inhibits scar synthesis by inducing partial regeneration of the dermis and the epidermis in full-thickness skin wounds in the guinea pig. The active extracellular matrix analog was select... |
Corticosteroids exert inhibitory effects on wound healing. They circulate, largely bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin, and the plasma concentrations of this protein determine their bioavailability. The amount of corticosteroid-binding globulin in wounds and the related effects of burn injury are not known. We hav... |
DIOXIN TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR EVALUATION OVERVIEW: Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have the ability to bind to and activate the ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Structurally related compounds that bind to the AhR and e... |
DIOXIN TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTOR EVALUATION OVERVIEW: Polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have the ability to bind to and activate the ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Structurally related compounds that bind to the AhR and e... |
In this study, the nucleotide sequence of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium vivax has been compared to the same enzyme from another malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It was found that the identity between two sequences was 74.8%. The percentage of the GC value was found to be higher in the Plasmodi... |
A total of 116 sera collected from 86 persons infected with G. lamblia (40 males, 46 females) and 30 healthy controls (12 males, 18 females) were tested in order to determine the levels of some cytokines. Serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The cytokine that inc... |
Detection of specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests are not always sufficient in the diagnosis of early and late Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. For this reason, the specific IgG avidity test should be used to detect primary toxoplasmosis infection. In this study, an invest... |
Hypertrophic scars, which commonly occur after thermal and traumatic injury of the skin, are a fibroproliferative disorder of the dermal matrix wherein components of the inflammatory process, including the fibrotic growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, appear to activate dormant fibroblasts leading to cellula... |
The research on glycoproteomes represents an interesting field in the functional proteomics research. Affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry are powerful techniques that are used for gaining valuable information on glycoproteomes because glycoproteins and their unusual forms resulting from protein glycosylation ... |
A simple and sensitive method for the determination of long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) using 1-[2-(p-toluenesulfonate) ethyl]-2-phenylimidazole [4, 5-f] 9, 10-phenanthrene (TSEPIP) as pre-column derivatization reagent by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and mass spect... |
Scatter factor-hepatocyte growth factor is a protein secreted by fibroblasts which disperses colonies of epithelial cells and keratinocytes in culture. The factor is also a patent mitogen for hepatocytes, synthesized in the liver. Basic fibroblast growth factor, another heparin-binding factor, is most abundant in the b... |
A transition zone between well-perfused proximal tissue and inadequately perfused distal tissue was evaluated histologically and biochemically in skin flaps. Cranially based pedicle flaps, 3 x 7.5 cm, were made on the backs of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Flap survival was 22% of the original flap area at 7 days and 40%... |
To explore the effect of high volume hemofiltration (HVHF) on pulmonary surfactant protein (SP) in endotoxin induced acute lung injury (ALI) in dogs. |
To study the effect of sodium salicylate on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) protein expression in spiral ganglion cells. |
Heavy metal leftover on farm and stock products has become a big threat to human. It is necessary to develop some fast and efficient detection methods. Heavy metal immunoassays are new methods for detection of heavy metal ions. Compared to the traditional chemical methods, immunoassays are not only fast, cheap, simple,... |
A geldanamycin (GDM) producing strain, Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997, was isolated from Yunnan China soil by our institute researchers. GDM is an ansamycin antibiotic, which has the ability to bind with Hsp90 (Heat Shock Protein 90) and alter its function. Hsp90 is a chaperone protein involved in the regulation of t... |
There are four different types of N-terminal amino acid sequences (F-I-0, F-I, F-II, F-III) in the multicomponents of earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes (EFE). In GenBank 21 nucleic acid sequences of EFE have been reported. Among them, most of the N-terminal amino acid sequences belong to the F-III type,few belong to the F... |
To construct and express Hsp70-HSV2gD fusion protein. Genes of Hsp70 and HSV-2gD were subcloned into vectors pGEX-4T-1 respectively. After confirmed by DNA sequence analysis, the recombinant plasmids pGEX-4T-HSP-gD was transformed into E. coli DH5alpha and induced to express with IPTG. The expressed protein was charact... |
The study of human new gene's function has become an increasingly active academic field basically relying on the gene knockout (KO) mouse. The construction of targeting vector economically and efficiently has turned into the key step to acquire a KO mouse because of the low efficiency of recombination with traditional ... |
Study effect and mechanisms of growth-suppression of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) in nude mice. The construction of the pAdeasy-1-pTrack-CMV-hIL-24 recombined adenovirus vector (Ad-hIL-24) was completed and lineared with PacI. Ad-hIL-24 were transfected into QBI-293 cells and obtained. 16 nude mice of the subcutaneous... |
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is an ubiquitous herpesvirus disease in human populations. It is rarely pathogenic to healthy adults, yet it may cause severe outcome to organ transplant recipients, the immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Using DNA from HCMV AD169 strain as template, the UL32 gene e... |
Human interleukin 4 (IL-4) cDNA was optimized and synthesized according to E. coli preferred codon. A recombinant expression plasmid pET-30a (+)/rhIL-4 was constructed with the target cDNA inserted between Nde I and EcoR I sites, which can translate the mature IL-4 protein with an extra methionine residue at N-terminal... |
Bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) is a member of the of BMPs family, its osteoinductive capacity has already been demonstrated. We tried to express hBMP-2 in CHO cell. In this study, we inserted hBMP-2 cDNA into vector pCDNA3.1(+) to construct hBMP-2 eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1(+)-hBMP-2. Recombinant Chines... |
Expression strain of des-pGlu1-brazzein was constructed and the conditions using lactose as inducer was also optimized. The Influences of three factors which were lactose concentration, induction time and inducing temperature on the growth of strain and on the yield of des-pGlul-Brazzein was analyzed in detail. The res... |
In this paper, the Boosting-based decision tree ensemble classifiers were applied to discriminate thermophilic and mesophilic proteins. Three methods, namely, self-consistency test, 5-fold cross-validation and independent testing with other dataset, were used to evaluate the performance and robust of the models. Logitb... |
It has been demonstrated that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocyte precursors will differentiate in response to application of retinoic acid (RA), whereas GFAP/oligodendrocyte type 2-astrocyte progenitors will be inhibited from differentiating and continue to be mitotically active in the presence o... |
The author reviewed five hereditary neurological tumor syndromes associated with gliomas: Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2), tuberous sclerosis (TS), and Turcot syndrome. In each case, clinical manifestation, genetic localization, and protein function were identified. Correlat... |
A construct suitable for genome-wide transfer-DNA (T-DNA) and subsequent transposon-based (Ds) gene trapping has been developed for use in rice (Oryza sativa). This T-DNA/Ds construct contains: Ds terminal sequences immediately inside T-DNA borders for subsequent Ds mobilization; promoterless green fluorescent protein ... |
Progress in freezing tolerance (FT) improvement through plant breeding approaches has met with little success in the last 50 years. Engineering plants for greater FT through plant transformation is one possible way to reduce the damage caused by freezing. Here, we report an improvement of the selection procedure and th... |
Rubisco is a hexadecameric enzyme composed of two subunits: a small subunit (SSU) encoded by a nuclear gene (rbcS), and a large subunit (LSU) encoded by a plastid gene (rbcL). Due to its high abundance, Rubisco represents an interesting target to express peptides or small proteins as fusion products at high levels. In ... |
Seven homozygous transgenic lines of two European commercial cultivars of rice (Ariete (A) and Senia (S)), harbouring the cry1B or cry1Aa Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) delta-endotoxin genes, were field evaluated for protection from striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) damage during the 2001 and 2002 summer crop ... |
Spider dragline silk is a unique biomaterial and represents nature's strongest known fibre. As it is almost as strong as many commercial synthetic fibres, it is suitable for use in many industrial and medical applications. The prerequisite for such a widespread use is the cost-effective production in sufficient quantit... |
The overproduction of fibronectin and type I collagen in keloids and hypertrophic scars implicates altered regulation of extracellular matrix components as an important aspect of these wound healing pathologies. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in extracellular matrix gene expression duri... |
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a calcium-binding, multiply palmitoylated type II endofacial plasma membrane protein, while unpalmitoylated PLSCR1 protein can import into the nucleus, where it binds to genomic DNA. Although the original work showed that PLSCR1 contributes to the transbilayer movement of phospholi... |
Bovine adrenal medulla 22 (BAM22), an endogenous opioid peptide, is one of the cleavage products of proenkephalin A. It potently activates opioid receptors and sensory neuron-specific receptor (SNSR). The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of BAM22 on morphine tolerance. Intrathecal (i.t.) administrati... |
Both in vivo and cultured cardiomyocyte experiments were performed to investigate the alteration of expression of calreticulin (CRT) during the delayed cardioprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) and the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of the alteration. (1) Wistar rats were randomly divided ... |
Effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an extracellular phospholipid signal, on the proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and their differentiation into microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive, i.e. cholinergic-committed neurons, were observed in... |
The present study was aimed at investigating the expression of calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k) in human fallopian tube, which were collected from 33 childbearing age women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy with adnexectomy for benign disease in the pelvic cavity. These women had normal menstrual cycle and history of normal ... |
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis leads to the functional incapacitation of myocardial plasmodium and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure transformed from compensable cardiac hypertrophy. Mitochondria are the main source of apoptosis-inducing molecule of various cells, and the role of caspartate-specific... |
Apoptosis is characterized by multiple morphological and biochemical changes. One biochemical change that has been primarily associated with apoptosis is the cleavage of chromatin in the internucleosomal regions. We have taken two independent approaches to investigating the enzyme(s) responsible for such cleavage. Firs... |
Biochemical and functional properties of wild-type (wt) and mutant p53 were studied under the same cellular environment by transient transfection. Exogenous wt p53 expressed in transformed cell lines was found to be as metabolically stable as mutant p53. Yet only mutant p53 bound to hsp70 whereas wt p53 did not, sugges... |
Retinoic Acid (RA) has been shown to control growth and induce differentiation in a number of human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines. However, a number of NB cell lines may be termed resistant to RA as they fail to growth arrest and differentiate. In studying the mechanism mediating RA-resistance, we noted that invariably... |
The epidermal cornified cell envelope (CE) is a 15 nm thick layer of highly insoluble protein that is assembled on the intracellular surface of the cell membrane during terminal differentiation, and comprises about 10% of the mass of the cornified dead layers of the tissue. The CE consists of a complex amalgam of sever... |
Recent studies implicate oxidative stress in the mechanism of apoptosis. We have examined the expression of genes, whose products counteract oxidative stress, during glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis of a murine thymoma-derived cell line. Using Northern blot hybridisation analyses, we observed a progressive decline ove... |
The role of the abl oncogene family in cellular transformation has been well established, but knowledge of its role in apoptosis is limited. Recent studies demonstrate that it may act as a suppressor of apoptosis in certain circumstances. The growth factor independence conferred on IL-3 dependent myeloid progenitor cel... |
We performed immunoelectronmicroscopy, immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation studies of insect cells (Spodopetra frugiperda or SF9) infected with recombinant baculovirus containing bcl-2 cDNA to determine the cellular localization of the bcl-2 product. Similar studies were also undertaken in pre-B cells carr... |
Despite the clinical importance of cardiomyocyte death following ischemia and reperfusion, little is known about the nature of the process. In primary rat neonatal cardiomyocyte cultures, cell death was induced by ischemia (deprivation of oxygen, serum and glucose) and reperfusion. We report here that ischemia induced ... |
In the mammary gland distinct phases of proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death of epithelial cells occur at defined stages of development. Here we show that the expression and activity of cell cycle regulators during normal and preneoplastic proliferation and programmed cell death are remarkably simil... |
Below a critical cell density of 750 cells ml(-1), and in a manner familiar throughout much of cell culture technology, Tetrahymena thermophila die within a few hours despite being supported by a nutritionally complete synthetic medium, SSM, in which a supracritical inoculum (1000 cells ml(-1)) nevertheless proliferate... |
The cytotoxicity of two inhibitors of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A has been investigated on primary cultures of dog thyrocytes. Both compounds, okadaic acid and calyculin A elicited dose- and time- related effects, i.e. apoptosis and necrosis. In addition a pronounced detachment of the cells from the monolayer was... |
APO-1/Fas(CD95), a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor superfamily transduces apoptotic signals into apoptosis sensitive cells. In metabolic labelling experiments using the highly APO-1 positive cell lines HUT78 (adultT cell leukemia) and SKW6.4 (Blymphoblastoid cell line) APO-... |
Mcl-1 is a recently described homologue of Bcl-2 whose function and biochemical characteristics remain poorly defined. Gene transfer experiments in lnterleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid progenitor 32D.3 cells and pro-B-lymphoid FL5.12 cells demonstrated that enforced production of high levels of Mcl-1 protein failed t... |
The toxin gliotoxin induces apoptosis or programmed cell death in a variety of immune cells including thymocytes. Apoptosis induced by gliotoxin in thymocytes is unaffected by protein synthesis inhibitors nor is it associated with early changes in intracellular calcium levels (Beaver and Waring, 1994). This work shows ... |
Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy represents a physiologic response to a growth stimulus occurring in the intact animal. Understanding what growth factors and cytokines trigger liver regeneration will provide insights into recovery from hepatic injury mediated by viruses and toxins, and promote an unders... |
In the current paradigm for apoptotic cell death, the activity of a family of proteases related to interleukin 1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) orchestrates the multiple downstream events (such as cell shrinkage and chromatin degradation) that comprise apoptosis. A variety of stimuli can induce this type of cell death. O... |
This review focuses on evidence that oxidative stress during apoptosis is controlled, at least in part, by modulating cellular antioxidant defences. Evidence is presented from studies of apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids, HIV-1 infection and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Glucocorticoid treatment of murine lymphocyte... |
Oxidants can be considered early growth signals, since they have been shown to activate a number of pathways that are also stimulated by growth factors. In particular, H(2)O(2) activates the protein kinase C signal transduction pathway in smooth muscle cells. These events certainly play a role in the activation of the ... |
The interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) gene family, (homologues of C. elegans cell death gene product Ced-3) plays an important role in controlling programmed cell death. Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes survival of cultured embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons. Ciliary ganglion neurons depend exclus... |
Although expression of Bcl-2 has been shown to prevent apoptosis under many circumstances, there are several systems in which Bcl-2 fails to promote cell survival. We have previously reported that Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) display differential ability to protect WEHI-231 cells from multiple inducers of apoptosis. A possible e... |
There are at least two major types of active or physiological cell death. The most well-known form, apoptosis or Type I, involves early nuclear collapse, condensation of chromatin, generation of nucleosomal ladders, and cell fragmentation with little or no early alteration of lysosomes. It is most commonly seen in cell... |
We present here a model for the degradation of chromatin in cells undergoing apoptosis. This model rationalises all aspects of the fragmentation process that have been described to date, explaining not only the patterns of degradation seen within individual cells, but also the variability in extent of degradation seen ... |
Src homology type 2 (SH2) and type 3 (SH3) domains appear to have an important role in signal transduction pathways initiated by tyrosine kinases. SH2 domains allow proteins with signalling functions to interact with tyrosine kinases and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins at the plasma membrane, whereas SH3 domains allow... |
The mechanisms by which hepatocytes regulate their cell numbers in culture have been examined. We found that when murine hepatocytes were cultured at an overconfluent stage, the number of viable cells were reduced to that of the confluent stage 48 h later by cell death. Cell death was accompanied by LDH release, and it... |
The CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor has attracted great interest in recent years because it transduces an apoptotic signal in a variety of different tissues. CD95 belongs to the NGF/TNF-receptor superfamily, members of which need to be trimerized by specific protein ligands in order to generate a signal. This review focuses ... |
Interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases comprise a novel family of unusual cysteine proteases which have been implicated in programmed cell death in both invertebrates and mammals. Current available evidence indicates a role of ICE proteases as central executioners of apoptosis triggered by the cell su... |
A systematic search for genes differentially expressed in human tissues resulted in the isolation of a gene encoding a protein with high homology to DNase I. In addition to the recently described cDNA sequence (Parrish et al., 1995) we have isolated a transcript, alternatively spliced in the 5' noncoding region. The ge... |
Lovastatin is a very specific and potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which regulates a rate-limiting step in the cellular synthesis of isoprenoid and cholesterol. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of rat ovarian metastatic OV1N cells with lovastatin induces apoptos... |
Programmed cellular suicide follows a set of distinct morphological events involving profound cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. The recent discovery of a family of mammalian homologues of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein CED-3 is now providing insight into how these events might be brought about. These mamm... |
Cytotoxic lymphocytes induce apoptosis of target cells by degranulating and releasing the serine protease granzyme B and the pore forming protein perforin. Granzyme B is an aspartic acid protease similar to members of the interleukin 1beta converting enzyme (ICE) family. We review the evidence for the participation mem... |
In recent years, the human epidermal keratinocyte has been extensively studied. These studies have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), retinoids, phorbol ester, vitamin D and other agents regulate keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and gene expression... |
A chance-selection model is proposed to explain cell differentiation. It is based on the general idea that stochasticity at the molecular level generates diversity in cell types whereas cell interactions impose a characteristic order on the developing embryo. In this model, gene expression depends on stochastic molecul... |
We have maintained HeLa cells in culture in the original medium for increasing times to induce growth arrest. Cell viability was evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay. We observed that when cells are maintained in culture for several days, morphological hallmarks of apoptosis become evident. DNA synthesis rate, ... |
Embryonic stem (ES) cells cultured on gelatin-coated plates or feeder layers form tight aggregated colonies by the E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions. Here we show that murine ES cells do not make cell-cell contacts or form colonies when cultured on the plate coated with a fusion protein of E-cadherin and IgG Fc d... |
Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by various mutations in the gene encoding the key glycolytic enzyme TPI. A drastic decrease in TPI activity and an increased level of its substrate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, have been measured in unpurified cell extracts of affected... |
The characteristics of human resistin (RETN) are unclear and controversial despite intensive adipose-focused research. Its transcriptional and functional similarity with the murine myeloid-specific and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (Cebpe)-dependent gene, resistin-like gamma (Retnlg), is unexplored. We examine... |
An addressable electrode array was used for the production of acid at sufficient concentration to allow deprotection of the dimethoxytrityl (DMT) protecting group from an overlaying substrate bound to a porous reaction layer. Containment of the generated acid to an active electrode of 100 micron diameter was achieved b... |
Since the Giardia lamblia cyst wall is necessary for survival in the environment and host infection, we tested the hypothesis that it contains proteins other than the three known cyst wall proteins. Serial analysis of gene expression during growth and encystation revealed a gene, "HCNCp" (High Cysteine Non-variant Cyst... |
Amyloid-beta peptide species ending at positions 40 and 42 (Abeta40, Abeta42) are generated by the proteolytic processing of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP). Abeta peptides accumulate in the brain early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially Abeta42. The cytoplasmic domain of APP regulate... |
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