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Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) has been shown to induce heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 in optic nerve head tissue. The neuroprotective effect of TTT was investigated in an optic nerve crush rat model. |
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) induces pulmonary immunopathology mediated by classical Th1 type of acquired immunity with hepatic involvement in up to 80% of disseminated cases. Since PPAR agonists cause immune responses characterized by a decrease in the secretion of Th1 cytokines, we investigated the ... |
The plasma level of LDL cholesterol is clinically important and genetically complex. LDL cholesterol levels are in large part determined by the activity of LDL receptors (LDLR) in the liver. Autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) - with its high LDL cholesterol levels, xanthomas, and premature atheroscl... |
We describe discovery in Beta vulgaris L. of Coe1, a DNA transposase gene within putative long terminal repeats (LTRs), and other retrotransposon-like features including both a retroviral-like hypothetical gene and an Rvt2-domain reverse transcriptase pseudogene. The central DNA transposase gene encodes, in eight exons... |
The O-acetylation of sialic acids is one of the most frequent modifications of these monosaccharides and modulates many cell biological and pathological events. Sialic acid-specific O-acetyltransferases and O-acetylesterases are responsible for the metabolism of esterified sialic acids. Assays were developed for the an... |
The group of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) includes more than 20 subgroups based only on genetic research. The "ataxia genes" are autosomal; the "disease-alleles" are dominant, and many of them, but not all, encode a protein with an abnormally long polyglutamine domain. In DNA, this domain can be detected as an elonga... |
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly envelop the perikarya of primary sensory neurons in peripheral ganglion and are identified by their morphology and the presence of proteins not found in ganglion neurons. These SGC-unique proteins include the inwardly rectifying K(+) channel Kir4.1, the connexin-43 (Cx43) subunit of... |
The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a protease involved in blood pressure regulation, has been implicated as an important candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether the ACE gene insertion-deletion (ID) polymorphism is associated with risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's type... |
Some studies have showed that changes of autophagic capacity may be correlated to tumorigenesis and tumor development. This study was to investigate the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and autophagy-related gene Beclin1 in ovarian tumor tissues, and explore their correlations to the t... |
Overexpression of heat shock protein (HSP)70 is expressed in many tumors, but the correlation of its overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to immunoglobin A against viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in sera and its clinical significance are still unclear. This study was to determine the expres... |
The transthyretin-like (ttl) gene family is one of the largest conserved nematode-specific gene families, coding for a group of proteins with significant sequence similarity to transthyretins (TTR) and transthyretin-related proteins (TRP). In the present study, we investigated the ttl family in Ostertagia ostertagi (a ... |
Human heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) has a high potential as an early marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) being more sensitive than current routine cardiac markers. Seventy-four patients presenting to hospital with a median symptom onset of 2.2 h (IQR 1.5-2.9 h) were enrolled in this study and ... |
Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the serologic status concerning Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp), Helicobacter pylori (Hp), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patient's first degree relatives, which remain an unrevealed issue in literature. ... |
A bisubstrate system having S(s1) > S(min 1) was tested with phenol and acetate as model compounds in completely mixed biofilm reactors. Two series of experiments compared the kinetics of phenol removal as a single substrate and as part of a bisubstrate system having a fixed total feed COD. Experimental results showed ... |
A solid acid catalyst consisted of sulfonic groups covalently bound to an inorganic matrice was developed to dehydrate 2,3-butanediol into methyl ethyl ketone. Rate constant and apparent activation energy of the dehydration reaction were determined. The decay course of the catalyst was a two-stage curve. The catalyst w... |
Invertase was immobilized on diazotized 4-aminobenzoylcellulose. The optimum coupling conditions, namely enzyme concentration, time, and pH, were determined. The temperature and pH value for the maximum activity of the immobilized enzyme were determined and the apparent Michaelis constant was estimated. |
A recursive estimation scheme, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) technique, was applied to study enzymatic deactivation in the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated cellulose using a model previously developed by the authors. When no deactivation model was assumed, the results showed no variation with time for all the mode... |
alpha-Chymotrypsin was modified to a light-controllable enzyme derivative by acylating active serine 195 residue with a cinnamoyl group or analogue. Upon UV irradiation the acylgroup could be isomerized, leading to release of the inhibiting group. Enzymatic activity could thus be regulated by means of UV light. A full ... |
The energy consumption of a fermenter constitutes a major part of the operating expense of a single cell protein process. A low-pressure airlift fermenter was designed to reduce this cost. In this new design, the fermenter broth is kept below 120 cm in depth, and air alone is employed to fulfill the need of supplying o... |
The soil yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was grown in continuous culture with phenol as the sole carbon source. The cultures were operated as carbon-limited chemostats or as steady-state continuous cultures without carbon limitation. Selected comparative runs were also conducted on glucose or acetate as carbon source. In a... |
L-Phenylalanine was produced continuously from L-as-partate and phenylpyruvate by transaminase from a newly screened Pseudomonas putida strain. The process was carried out with an isolated enzyme in homogeneous phase in an enzyme membrane reactor and with immobilized whole cells in a stirred tank reactor, respectively.... |
The fermentation kinetics Zymomonas mobilis were studied near zero growth rate in fed-batch cultures and continuous cultures with complete cell recycle. The results show the ethanol enhances that specific substrate conversion rate under these conditions. The maximum achievable ethanol concentration in continuous cultur... |
A mathematical model for the transient response of encapsulated enzymes is developed showing the effects of the outer boundary layer, the encapsulating membrane, the partition coefficient, and diffusion with reaction within the encapsulating medium. The model incorporates both first-order kinetics and Michaelis-Menten ... |
A model for radial flow mammalian cell culture has been developed. Two situations, one with permeable hollow fibers and the other with a porous matrix in the annulus, were considered. The hollow fibers were modeled as continuously distributed sinks. Numerical solutions are presented for the complete model as well as li... |
Cycling in feed substrate concentration and dilution rate is examined as a means of modifying the final fate of a mixed culture. It is shown for the case where the specific growth rate of one species is always greater than that of the second that no cycling strategy will provide the desired extinction of the faster gro... |
Models of membrane systems containing immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase operating together or independently have been developed. A rotated disk electrode apparatus was employed with novel electrochemical operating conditions to experimentally determine mass transfer and intrinsic kinetic parameters of enzyme-con... |
Homogeneous membranes containing immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase were stored in buffered solutions at 37 degrees C to determine the mechanisms and rates of catalyst inactivation. The experiments were designed so that inactivation occurred homogeneously throughout the membrane, thereby simplifying the analysis.... |
The technique of autohydrolysis steam explosion was examined as a means for pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. Treatment conditions were optimized so that following enzymatic hydrolysis, pretreated bagasse would give 65.1 g sugars/100 g starting bagasse. Released sugars comprised 38.9 g glucose, 0.6 g cellobiose, 22.1 ... |
In order to carry out an effective enzyme reaction, the preparation of soluble-insoluble immobilized enzyme was investigated. Proteases were selected as model enzymes, and their immobilization was carried out by using an enteric coating polymer as a carrier. Among the polymers tested, methacrylic acid-methylacrylate-me... |
The effect of operating parameters like pH, protein concentration, column geometry, and gas flow rate on the separation efficiency of proteolytic enzymes from crude human placental homogenate has been studied in a batch foam column. Purification has been found to be optimum at pH 8.0, close to the isoelectric pH, at wh... |
Process control of different reactor models for continuous production of ethanol from sucrose with immobilized yeast has been studied. An enzyme thermistor with immobilized invertase recorded the concentration of sucrose continuously. Ethanol was recorded by a membrane gas sensor with a SnO(2) semiconductor used as det... |
An artisanal static process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid-state fermentation, developed in laboratory and tested on pilot units in Burundi (Central Africa), provides enriched cassava containing 10.7% of dry matter protein versus 1% before fermentation. Cassava chips, processed into granules of 2-4-mm diame... |
A tapered column type of bioreactor system packed with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to study the bioreactor performance as a function of design and operating variables. The performance of tapered column bioreactor system was found to be better than that of the conventional cylindrical column reactor sy... |
Interactions between two bacterial species which exhibit opposite substrate preferences in response to the same environmental conditions were investigated. Klebsiella oxytoca preferentially utilizes glucose over citrate as a substrate while Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes citrate over glucose. Both species were grown o... |
The development of Penicillium roqueforti on buckwheat seeds proceeds roughly into four steps, involving a lag phase and three growth phases. First, it appears as a spore germination and external colonization of the grains by the mycelium. Then, mainly external sporulation and internal colonization of the seeds occur a... |
Steady-state operation of continuous bioreactors is not necessarily the optimum type of operation. The method of pi-criterion is used in this work to determine whether periodic variation of the dilution rate can enhance the performance of continuous fermentation processes. It is found that the presence of time delay in... |
Intrinsic models, which take into account biomass volume fraction, must be formulated for adequate simulation of high-biomass-density fermentations with cell recycle. Through comparison of corresponding intrinsic and non-intrinsic models in dimensionless form, constraints for non-intrinsic model usage in terms of bioki... |
An immobilized lipase suitable for fat interesterification has been prepared by precipitation with acetone of a commercial lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus onto diatomaceous earth. As observed previously with a less active enzyme from Aspergillus sp., the interesterification activity was enhanced by addition of purified l... |
A two-stage process for the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to ethanol is proposed as an alternative to currently incomplete and relatively slow enzymatic conversion processes employing natural insoluble cellulose. This alternative approach is designed to promote faster and more complete conversion of cellulose to fe... |
Ethanolic fermentation of spent sulphite liquor with ordinary bakers' yeast is incomplete because this yeast cannot ferment the pentose sugars in the liquor. This results in poor alcohol yields, and a residual effluent problem By using the yeast Candida shehatae (R) for fermentation of the spent sulphite liquor from a ... |
The growth dynamics of Escherichia coli with the temperature-sensitive plasmid, pOU140, were examined. Recombinant cells exhibited nearly identical kinetic behavior to host cells at low culture temperatures and low copy numbers. However, at higher temperatures, in which the copy number was significantly increased, the ... |
Polymers produced by horseradish-peroxidase-catalyzed coupling of phenols have been explored as potential substitutes for phenol-formaldehyde resins. To overcome low substrate solubilities and product molecular weights in water, enzymatic polymerizations in aqueous-organic mixtures have been examined. Peroxidase vigoro... |
General rules for the optimization of different biocatalytic systems in various types of media containing organic solvents are derived by combining data from the literature, and the logarithm of the partition coefficient, log P, as a quantitative measure of solvent polarity. (1) Biocatalysis in organic solvents is low ... |
A process has been developed for the bulk purification of cellulase-free beta-1,4-D-xylanase from the fungus Trichoderma harzianum E58. The process involved the primary step of ultrafiltering the culture filtrate via a 10,000-molecular-weight cut-off membrane to separate the cellulase (retentate) and xylanase (permeate... |
The metabolic control theory developed by Kacser, Burns, Heinrich, and Rapoport is briefly outlined, extended, and transformed so as optimally to address some biotechnological questions. The extensions include (i) a new theorem that relates the control of metabolite concentrations by enzyme activities to flux ratios at... |
The influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics is examined. A continuous normal distribution of the thermal activation energy is assumed, and using this, a simple mathematical model is developed to find the activity-time trajectories for a microheterogeneous enzyme. Using an example, the model is u... |
Reaction rates of hydrophobic enzymes, aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase, in microsomes prepared from the porcine brush border membrane and in vesicles pre pared from microsomes and phospholipids were measured at various temperatures. Interactions between the hydrophobic enzymes and the phospholipid layers are d... |
With the increasing knowledge about the role of nutrition in increasing exercise performance, it has become clear over the last 2 decades that amino acids, protein, and protein hydrolysates can play an important role. Most of the attention has been focused on their effects at a muscular level. As these nutrients are in... |
Protein, protein hydrolysates, and amino acids have become popular ingredients in sports nutrition. The use of protein, protein hydrolysates, and amino acid mixtures has multiple applications when aiming to improve postexercise recovery. After exhaustive endurance-type exercise, muscle glycogen repletion is the most im... |
The small intestine acts as interface and regulator between the gut lumen and the rest of the body and controls the degree and rate of transport of amino acids coming from dietary protein via the portal vein to the liver and the systemic circulation. To measure protein absorption, kinetics multicatheter animal (pig) mo... |
Resistance exercise can effectively result in an increase in muscle mass, or hypertrophy, which generally becomes apparent after several weeks of training. Muscle hypertrophy requires muscle protein synthesis to exceed protein breakdown during an extended time period. It has been firmly established that the interaction... |
Bioactive peptides either present in foods or released from food proteins during digestion have a wide range of physiological effects, including on gut function. Many of the bioactive peptides characterized to date that influence gut motility, secretion, and absorption are opioid agonists or antagonists. The authors re... |
There is likely no other dietary component that inspires as much debate, insofar as athletes are concerned, as protein. How much dietary protein is required, optimal, or excessive? Dietary guidelines from a variety of sources have settled on an adequate dietary protein intake for those over the age of 19 of ~0.8-0.9 g ... |
Adaptations to exercise training are determined by the response of metabolic and molecular mechanisms that determine changes in proteins. The type, intensity, and duration of exercise, as well as nutrition, determine these responses. The importance of protein, in the form of intact proteins, hydrolysates, or free amino... |
Endurance athletes commonly consume carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverages during prolonged events. The benefits of this strategy are numerous--sports-beverage consumption during exercise can delay dehydration, maintain blood glucose levels, and potentially attenuate muscle glycogen depletion and central fatigue. Th... |
The elderly are the most rapidly growing segment of the population, and the incidence of epilepsy in persons over 65 is higher than in any other age group. In nursing homes, its incidence is even higher than in community-dwelling persons of similar ages. About 10% of nursing home residents are being treated with antiep... |
1) To compare the baseline levels of heat shock and antioxidant protein content in the skeletal muscle of trained and untrained humans and 2) to characterize the exercise-induced stress response of aerobically trained human skeletal muscle to an acute exercise challenge. |
To investigate the effects of maximal static apnea on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzyme activities in trained free divers. |
ATP in the 100 muM-1 mM concentration range provoked a calcium-independent increase of the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by mouse submandibular cells. 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP), a P2X(7) agonist, but not a muscarinic or an adrenergic agonist,... |
Lactate dehydrogenase and NANA-lyase were immobilized in an artificial gelantine membrane. This bienzyme system was used for continuous assay of neuraminidase activity. The K'(m) of the active membrane for lactate dehydrogenase and NANA-lyase using NADH, pyruvic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid as substrates were foun... |
A wild strain of schizophyllum commune (Fr:Fr:) isolated in Bangladesh produced cellulase and xyianase in high yields as well as the exobiopolymer schizophyllan. It was found experimentally that concentrations of 4% Avicel, 3.5% peptone, and 0.5% Ca(NO(3))(2).4H(2)O were optimal for growth and product formation. Bacto-... |
An immobilized enzyme reactor has been developed to remove heparin, the anticoagulant that is required in all extracorporeal devices for patients undergoing open-heart surgery or kidney dialysis. The device uses the enzyme heparinase (EC 4.2.2.7), which is covalently linked to agarose with cyanogen bromide. A critical ... |
A theoretical relationship has been developed to allow the effect of free ligand concentration on the capacity of an affinity Chromatography matrix to be determined where the protein adsorbed shows co-operative binding. Computer simulations using literature values for association constants show that under optimal condi... |
Irreversible adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto porous polymer resins is examined by a pulse injection method. The experimental results are theoretically analyzed by a model based on the assumption that there exist three kinds of binding sites with different binding rates, which are considered to exist in the vici... |
The novelty of this approach was hydrolysis of the raw starch in ground corn to fermentable sugars that are simultaneously fermented to ethanol by yeast in a non-sterile environment. Thus, the conventional cooking step can be eliminated for energy conservation. A koji of Aspergillus niger grown on whole corn for 3 days... |
Heparinase immobilized to agarose has previously been shown to be useful in degrading heparin and thereby preventing thromboembolytic complications when this anticoagulant has been used in extracorporeal perfusions. The current study examined the kinetics of this immobilized enzyme. When heparinase is covalently bound ... |
Adsorption on crystalline cellulose of six endoglucanases (Endo I, II, III, IV, V and VI; 1, 4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4) and two exoglucanases (Exo II and III; 1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.92), purified from a commercial cellulase preparation of Trichoderma viride origin, was studied.... |
Immobilized lipase activity is studied in organic solvent systems of controlled water content under the influence of a variety of reaction parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, substrate concentrations, and type of fatty acid used. Control of the amount of water in the reaction system was found to be a va... |
An acetic-acid-based synthetic wastewater of different organic concentrations was successfully treated at 35 degrees C in anaerobic downflow fixed-film reactors operated at high organic loading rates and short hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Substrate removal and methane production rates close to theoretical values o... |
A novel two-stage bioreactor has been designed for a combined submerged (SF) and solid substrate fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw. The straw was pretreated with steam, and cellulases from the culture fluid of Trichoderma reesei were adsorbed on it for increased bioconvertibility. SSF was conducted in the top part of t... |
Many microorganisms produce enzymes which lyse the walls of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. The proportions of different enzyme activities present in the lytic system, their action patterns, synergism, and dependence on inhibitors, constitute the activity profile of the lytic system. Taken together, the activity profile a... |
A simple two-step model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the two lytic systems examined in the preceding article. The model predicts concentrations of yeast solids, soluble proteins, peptides, and carbohyrates. In the first reaction step, yeast cell mass is solubilized; in the second, the released protein can be... |
A design equation is presented for packed-bed reactors containing immobilized enzymes in spherical porous particles with internal diffusion effects and obeying reversible one-intermediate Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation is also able to explain irreversible and competitive product inhibition kinetics. It allows ... |
A reactor is described for the conversion of the slightly water-soluble steroid testosterone (T) to 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4-AD) by enzyme in the presence of excess cofactor. Since the enzyme is subject to substrate inhibition, reaction rates are strong functions of aqueous substrate concentration. High concentratio... |
The problem of feedback optimization of the feed rate for fed-batch fermentation processes is formulated in the framework of singular control theory and switching hypersurfaces. Using four differential balance equations that describe a general class of fedbatch processes and a general objective function to be minimized... |
The commercial production of chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic residues by enzymatic means still requires considerable research on both the technical and economic aspects. Two technical problems that have been identified as requiring further research are the recycle of the enzymes used in hydrolysis and the reus... |
The feasibility of using specific enzyme and transport inhibitors to minimize the glutamine response of a potentiometric microbial sensor is demonstrated. The glutamine response of a bacterial electrode prepared with Escherichia coli as the biocatalyst in conjunction with an ammonia gas-sensing electrode was greatly re... |
A beta-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) was isolated from the culture filtrate of fungus Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 grown in continuous culture with biomass retention. The crude extracellular enzyme preparation was fractionated by a three-step purification procedure [chromatography on Fractogel HW-55 (S) and Bio-Gel A 0.5 p... |
The competition between flocculating and nonflocculating microorganisms was investigated in a continuous reactor-settler system (e.g. activated sludge). Co existence states were found to be possible, over a certain domain of operating conditions, even with simple monotonic kinetics and simple competition. Multiple solu... |
The conversion is described of phenolsulphonephtalein (phenol red) to 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromophenolsulphonephthalein (bromophenol blue) by bromoper-oxidase from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. This reaction provides a convenient assay for the detection of bromoperoxidase activity in vitro. Bromoperoxidase was shown to... |
Three anaerobic fluidized bed reactors at 37 degrees C were utilized to observe the effects of startup and operational procedures on biomass attachment. Using a meat-based synthetic waste and stepped-loading regime, the influences of synthetic polymer addition and maintenance of anaerobiosis during startup were investi... |
This article describes the synthesis and regulation of beta(1-3)glucanase and protease enzymes from the cell lytic system of Oerskovia xanthineolytica LL-G109 in continuous culture using different concentrations of carbon source (glucose) and inducer (glucan). These two enzyme activities are the main components of a ly... |
A modified bench scale calorimeter has been employed to determine the heat generated by various microbial strains growing on a range of different substrates, covering degrees of reduction from 3 to 6.13. The results are analyzed, and interpreted in the light of coupled enthalpy and elemental balances. The heat released... |
Kinetics of methanogenesis from acetate was studied using pure cultures of Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina mazei. Methane formation was found to be associated with cell growth. Nearly equimolar methane was produced from acetate during the methanogenic growth, and about 1.94 g of cells were formed from each mo... |
The enzymatic saccharification of plant material has been shown to be of interest in various fields, such as the production of fruit juices(1,2) and the utilization of biomass.(3) A combination of cellulase, pectinase, and hemicellulases is usually used because of the chemical composition of the matrix of plant cell wa... |
Experimental investigations on alpha-amylase and glucoamylase bound to porous polystyrene show that the activity of immobilized enzymes can be raised in the presence of an ultrasonic field. The maximum activity increase in a flow cuvette at 7.6 MHz and a sound intensity of 5 kW/m(2) amounts to more than 200% under the ... |
A theoretical study has been carried out on the evaluation of the apparent half-life of immobilized enzyme activity during continuous reaction both in a plug-flow reactor (PFR) and in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). Two apparent half-lives have been defined: the elapsed time at which the feedrate becomes... |
Actual laboratory data obtained from steady-state Dunaliella tertiolecta cultures grown under a wide range of photon flux densities were used in a simple model to calculate daily production in a conventional algal mass culture system. In spite of large physiological and biochemical variations between low-light- (LL) an... |
Since a stable alcohol oxidase with a high specific activity is not commercially available, we propose to produce and purify this enzyme from a strain of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. This alcohol oxidase was immobilized into a gelatin matrix and its activity was estimated by a pO(2) sensor. The enzyme electrode obta... |
It is known from the literature that two microbial populations competing purely and simply for a common substrate in a spatially inhomogeneous environment may under certain conditions coexist in a steady state. This paper studies pure and simple competition between two microbial species in three alternate configuration... |
The influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics is presented. Examples of different enzymes are given where microheterogeneity has been detected by different techniques. The different statistical models are presented which include the influence of microheterogeneity on enzyme inactivation kinetics a... |
Previous theories of nutrient supply to microbial floes assumed that transport within the flocs was by molecular diffusion, and they predict that overall nutrient uptake is reduced in floes compared to dispersed cells. Calculations, supported by recent advances in understanding fluid flow through suspended aggregates, ... |
The regulation and kinetics of formation of an inducible, cell-bound oxacillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (M-OXA) by a methanol-grown Pseudomonas strain were investigated in batch, chemostat, and two-stage continuous cultures. The extent to which enzyme production occurs declines at increased growth rates, and the rate... |
This work has studied the effect of pH on specific growth rate mu, yield factor Y, and specific substrate consumption rate U for two mixed microbial populations (sludge A and B) in a batch reactor with a limiting substrate (phenol). The mathematical analysis of mu and U as a function of pH has been applied not only to ... |
An unstructured mathematical model is proposed for mixed culture growth of two different bacterial species that exhibit "opposite" substrate preferences in response to the "same" environmental conditions. The model incorporates enzymatic control mechanisms such as induction, repression, and inhibition in the microorgan... |
Six endoglucanases (Endo I, II, III, IV, V, and VI), three exoglucanases (Exo I, II, and III), and a beta-glucosidase (beta-gluc I) isolated from a commercial cellulase preparation of Trichoderma viride origin were examined as to their activities on xylan ex oat spelts. Endo I, II, and III as well as Exo II and III sho... |
The routine analysis of phosphoproteomics needs effective and specific enrichment methods. The strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX) separation conditions, including the buffer solution and the separation gradient, were studied to enrich the phosphopeptides in a short time. Firstly, the tryptic peptides of standa... |
Atherosclerosis follows the deposition, retention, and oxidative modification of lipoproteins, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the walls of large arteries. Uptake of oxidized LDL results in the formation of macrophage foam cells. Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and secretion of extracellular m... |
Protein S is a physiologic inhibitor of coagulation acting as a cofactor of activated protein C (APC) that inhibits factor Va and VIII. Approximately 60% of PS is bound to C4bBP, a protein of the complement system and only the free PS has a cofactor PCa role. Congenital PS deficiencies are diagnosed by immunologic dosa... |
We describe our experience with spontaneous arterial thrombosis (AT) in two men with nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change glomerulonephritis. Arterial thrombosis developed shortly after a nephrotic crisis in each case. Serum antithrombin III, protein C and protein S levels were normal in both patients. The tw... |
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