instance_id stringlengths 9 18 | patient_vignette stringlengths 52 559 | question stringlengths 52 139 | options dict | answer listlengths 1 5 | taxonomy_clinical_department stringclasses 11
values | taxonomy_clinical_system stringclasses 9
values | taxonomy_drug_categories listlengths 1 4 | taxonomy_patient_info_type stringclasses 8
values | taxonomy_population_source stringclasses 3
values | taxonomy_reasoning_operation stringclasses 5
values | benchmark_task_family stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PG-THAL-POS-001 | A 45-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma is being initiated on combination therapy. She is confirmed to be 8 weeks pregnant. | Which of the following medications is contraindicated in this patient? | {
"A": "Dexamethasone",
"B": "Carfilzomib",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Bortezomib",
"E": "Thalidomide"
} | [
"E"
] | obstetrics and gynecology | reproductive system | [
"immunomodulators"
] | pregnancy status | pregnancy | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-GF-ARB-001 | A 2-week-old neonate with severe hypertension secondary to renal disease is being evaluated for antihypertensive therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Hydralazine",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Furosemide",
"D": "Amlodipine",
"E": "Losartan"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | cardiovascular system | [
"cardiovascular drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-ATV-001 | A 2-month-old infant with perinatal HIV exposure is being evaluated for antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacogenetic testing is not available. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Lamivudine",
"B": "Raltegravir",
"C": "Zidovudine",
"D": "Atazanavir",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antivirals"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-CAM-001 | A 6-year-old child presents with upper respiratory symptoms, and the caregiver asks about topical chest-rub products for symptomatic relief. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Saline nasal spray",
"B": "Camphor (topical)",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Petrolatum ointment",
"E": "Honey"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"topical drugs"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-CAR-001 | A 15-month-old toddler is brought to clinic for rhinorrhea and nighttime cough, and the family asks about antihistamine options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Saline nasal spray",
"C": "Cetirizine",
"D": "Carbinoxamine",
"E": "Humidified air"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | respiratory system | [
"antihistamines"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-CEF-001 | A 10-day-old neonate is being treated for suspected sepsis. This is not a one-time gonococcal treatment dose. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Ceftriaxone",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Gentamicin",
"D": "Ampicillin",
"E": "Cefotaxime"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-CHL-001 | A 2-week-old neonate with a serious bacterial infection is in the neonatal intensive care unit. Serum concentration monitoring is not available. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Chloramphenicol",
"B": "Gentamicin",
"C": "Ampicillin",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Cefotaxime"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-COR-001 | A 10-month-old infant presents with diaper dermatitis, and the clinician is reviewing topical treatment choices. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Topical nystatin",
"B": "Topical corticosteroids (high potency)",
"C": "Zinc oxide barrier cream",
"D": "Petrolatum ointment",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"dermatologic drugs"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-DAR-001 | A 2-year-old child weighing 9 kg with HIV infection is being evaluated for antiretroviral therapy. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Darunavir",
"C": "Zidovudine",
"D": "Dolutegravir",
"E": "Lamivudine"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antivirals"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-DIC-001 | A 4-month-old infant is brought in for abdominal cramping, and the clinician is reviewing antispasmodic treatment options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Dicyclomine",
"C": "Simethicone",
"D": "Glycerin suppository",
"E": "Oral rehydration solution"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-DIF-001 | A 9-year-old child is being treated for postoperative ocular inflammation, and ophthalmic medication options are under review. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Artificial tears",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Difluprednate (ophthalmic)",
"D": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment",
"E": "Saline eye wash"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"ophthalmic drugs"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-DIP-001 | A 3-year-old child presents with acute diarrhea, and the caregiver asks about antidiarrheal medication options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Zinc supplementation",
"C": "Diphenoxylate-atropine",
"D": "Oral rehydration solution",
"E": "Dietary modification"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-FGA-001 | A 12-year-old child with severe agitation is being evaluated for psychiatric medication options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply. | {
"A": "Melatonin",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Hydroxyzine",
"D": "Haloperidol",
"E": "Chlorpromazine"
} | [
"D",
"E"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-PRODA-001 | An 18-month-old toddler presents with vomiting, and the clinician is reviewing antiemetic choices. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Oral rehydration solution",
"B": "Ondansetron",
"C": "Simethicone",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Prochlorperazine"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-SGA02-001 | A 14-year-old adolescent with psychiatric symptoms is being considered for maintenance treatment, and the team is reviewing medication plans. | Which of the following treatment plans should be avoided in this patient because of pediatric guideline restrictions on treatment duration? | {
"A": "Fluoxetine planned for 12 weeks",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Risperidone planned for 4 weeks",
"D": "Olanzapine planned for 16 weeks",
"E": "Olanzapine planned for 6 weeks"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-MET-001 | A 10-month-old infant is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding, and the team is reviewing symptomatic treatment options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Metoclopramide",
"B": "Oral rehydration solution",
"C": "Ondansetron",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Simethicone"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-PRO-001 | A 15-month-old toddler presents with nausea and vomiting, and antiemetic options are being reviewed. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Oral rehydration solution",
"C": "Simethicone",
"D": "Promethazine",
"E": "Ondansetron"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | respiratory system | [
"antihistamines/antiemetics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TRIDA-001 | A 9-year-old child presents with vomiting, and the clinician is reviewing antiemetic choices. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Oral rehydration solution",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Trimethobenzamide",
"D": "Simethicone",
"E": "Ondansetron"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-BEN-001 | An 18-month-old toddler is brought in for painful oral ulcers and poor oral intake. The family asks about topical oral pain relief. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Benzocaine (topical oral)",
"C": "Cold fluids",
"D": "Acetaminophen",
"E": "Saline oral rinse"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-LID-001 | A 20-month-old toddler is seen for painful oral lesions causing decreased oral intake, and topical oral treatments are under review. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Cold fluids",
"C": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)",
"D": "Saline oral rinse",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-GEN-001 | A 2-week-old neonate presents with eye discharge and eyelid irritation, and ophthalmic treatment options are being reviewed. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Warm compresses",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment",
"D": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)",
"E": "Saline eye drops"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"ophthalmic drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-LAM-001 | An 11-year-old child with epilepsy is starting maintenance therapy, and the neurology team is reviewing medication choices that require slow titration because of pediatric safety concerns. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Lamotrigine",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Levetiracetam",
"D": "Valtoco",
"E": "Clobazam"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"antiepileptics"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-LOP-001 | A 2-year-old child presents with fever, watery stools, and suspected acute infectious diarrhea. The family asks about symptomatic medications. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Oral rehydration solution",
"B": "Banana-rice diet",
"C": "Zinc supplementation",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Loperamide"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-MAC-001 | A 2-week-old neonate with fever and suspected bacterial sepsis is being evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit. The team is considering antibiotics, and there is no evidence of Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia, or Ureaplasma infection. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply. | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Azithromycin",
"C": "Erythromycin",
"D": "Ampicillin",
"E": "Cefotaxime"
} | [
"B",
"C"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-MIN-001 | A 7-month-old infant is evaluated for constipation, and the clinician is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Mineral oil",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Glycerin suppository",
"D": "Lactulose",
"E": "Prune juice"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-NAL-001 | A term neonate in the delivery room requires postpartum resuscitation after maternal intrapartum opioid exposure. The resuscitation team is specifically deciding whether any medication should be avoided in this neonatal postpartum-resuscitation setting. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this neonatal resuscitation setting? | {
"A": "Intravenous glucose",
"B": "Naloxone",
"C": "Positive-pressure ventilation",
"D": "Supplemental oxygen",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioid antagonists"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-NIT-001 | A 2-week-old neonate is being evaluated for urinary tract infection treatment, and antibiotic options are under review. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Cefotaxime",
"B": "Ampicillin",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Gentamicin",
"E": "Nitrofurantoin"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-COD-001 | An 8-year-old child presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury, and the clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Acetaminophen",
"C": "Naproxen",
"D": "Codeine",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-COD02-001 | A 14-year-old adolescent is on postoperative day 1 after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and needs analgesic treatment. | Which of the following analgesics should be avoided in this postoperative patient? | {
"A": "Ibuprofen",
"B": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen",
"C": "Acetaminophen",
"D": "Codeine",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-MEP-001 | A 3-week-old neonate requires analgesic review in the intensive care setting, and opioid choices are being considered. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Meperidine",
"B": "Acetaminophen",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Morphine",
"E": "Fentanyl"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TRA-001 | A 10-year-old child presents with acute pain after a sports injury, and the team is reviewing oral analgesic options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Naproxen",
"B": "Tramadol",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Acetaminophen",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TRA02-001 | A 15-year-old adolescent is recovering after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and needs postoperative analgesia. | Which of the following analgesics should be avoided in this postoperative patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Ibuprofen",
"C": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen",
"D": "Tramadol",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-PPF-001 | A 13-year-old patient in the intensive care unit requires ongoing sedation, and the team is reviewing infusion plans. | Which of the following medication plans should be avoided in this patient because of pediatric dose-duration safety guidance? | {
"A": "Dexmedetomidine infusion at standard dosing",
"B": "Propofol infusion 2 mg/kg/hr for 12 hours",
"C": "Propofol infusion 5 mg/kg/hr for 72 hours",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Midazolam infusion at standard dosing"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"anesthetics"
] | dose threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-SAL-001 | A 9-year-old child with fever, myalgias, and suspected influenza is being evaluated for symptomatic treatment. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Acetaminophen",
"B": "Aspirin",
"C": "Ibuprofen",
"D": "Oral hydration",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"antipyretic analgesics"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-SNP-001 | An 18-month-old toddler is brought in for constipation, and rectal medication options are being reviewed. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Lactulose",
"B": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)",
"C": "Glycerin suppository",
"D": "Prune juice",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-SUL-001 | A 2-week-old neonate requires antibiotic review, and sulfonamide-containing options are under consideration. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Cefotaxime",
"B": "Ampicillin",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Gentamicin",
"E": "Sulfamethoxazole"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TET01-001 | A 6-year-old child is being evaluated for treatment of an atypical bacterial infection, and antibiotic choices are under review. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Tetracycline",
"B": "Cefdinir",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Azithromycin",
"E": "Amoxicillin"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TET02-001 | A 2-week-old neonate with a mild superficial skin infection is being evaluated for antibiotic therapy, and the team wants to avoid agents with specific age-related toxicity in neonates. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Cefalexin",
"B": "Clindamycin",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Ampicillin",
"E": "Tetracycline"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-TCA-001 | A 13-year-old adolescent is being evaluated for psychiatric medication treatment, and the clinician is reviewing antidepressant choices. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply. | {
"A": "Desipramine",
"B": "Fluoxetine",
"C": "Sertraline",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Imipramine"
} | [
"A",
"E"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-VPA-001 | An 18-month-old toddler with seizures is being evaluated for maintenance antiepileptic therapy. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Clobazam",
"B": "Valproic acid",
"C": "Levetiracetam",
"D": "Phenobarbital",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"antiepileptics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-GF-VER-001 | A 6-month-old infant with supraventricular tachycardia is being evaluated for medication therapy. | Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient? | {
"A": "Verapamil",
"B": "Digoxin",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Propranolol",
"E": "Adenosine"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | cardiovascular system | [
"cardiovascular drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | static risk identification | guideline_following |
KD-CF-CHL-001-A | A 2-week-old neonate is being treated for a serious bacterial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. The care team is reviewing antimicrobial options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Cefotaxime",
"B": "Chloramphenicol",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Gentamicin",
"E": "Ampicillin"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-CHL-001-B | A 3-month-old infant is being treated for a serious bacterial infection. The care team is reviewing antimicrobial options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Cefotaxime",
"C": "Chloramphenicol",
"D": "Gentamicin",
"E": "Ampicillin"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | lymphatic and immune system | [
"antibiotics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-BEN-001-A | An 18-month-old toddler is brought to clinic for painful oral irritation and poor feeding. The clinician is considering symptomatic treatment options for oral pain. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "Benzocaine (topical oral)",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Acetaminophen",
"D": "Saline oral rinse",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"A"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-BEN-001-B | A 4-year-old child is brought to clinic for painful oral irritation and poor feeding. The clinician is considering symptomatic treatment options for oral pain. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "Benzocaine (topical oral)",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Acetaminophen",
"D": "Saline oral rinse",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-LID-001-A | A 15-month-old toddler is seen for painful oral ulcerations causing decreased oral intake. The pediatrician is reviewing topical and supportive treatment options. | Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient? | {
"A": "Saline oral rinse",
"B": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Cold fluids",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-LID-001-B | A 5-year-old child is seen for painful oral ulcerations causing decreased oral intake. The pediatrician is reviewing topical and supportive treatment options. | Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient? | {
"A": "Saline oral rinse",
"B": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)",
"C": "Cold fluids",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | integumentary system | [
"local anesthetics/topical drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-GEN-001-A | A 2-week-old neonate is evaluated for eye discharge and eyelid irritation. The clinician is reviewing ophthalmic treatment options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment",
"C": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)",
"D": "Saline eye drops",
"E": "Warm compresses"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"ophthalmic drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-GEN-001-B | A 4-month-old infant is evaluated for eye discharge and eyelid irritation. The clinician is reviewing ophthalmic treatment options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment",
"B": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)",
"C": "Saline eye drops",
"D": "Warm compresses",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"ophthalmic drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-MET-001-A | A 10-month-old infant is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding. The pediatric team is reviewing symptom-directed treatment options. | Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient? | {
"A": "Ondansetron",
"B": "Oral rehydration solution",
"C": "Simethicone",
"D": "Metoclopramide",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-MET-001-B | A 3-year-old child is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding. The pediatric team is reviewing symptom-directed treatment options. | Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient? | {
"A": "Ondansetron",
"B": "Oral rehydration solution",
"C": "Simethicone",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Metoclopramide"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-COD-001-A | An 8-year-old child presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury. The clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Naproxen",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Codeine",
"D": "Acetaminophen",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-COD-001-B | A 14-year-old adolescent presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury. The clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Naproxen",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Codeine",
"D": "Acetaminophen",
"E": "Ibuprofen"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-MEP-001-A | A 3-week-old neonate requires short-term analgesia during inpatient treatment. The care team is reviewing pain-control options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Meperidine",
"C": "Acetaminophen",
"D": "Morphine",
"E": "Fentanyl"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-MEP-001-B | A 4-month-old infant requires short-term analgesia during inpatient treatment. The care team is reviewing pain-control options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "Meperidine",
"B": "Acetaminophen",
"C": "Morphine",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Fentanyl"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-SNP-001-A | An 18-month-old toddler is seen for constipation with painful stooling. The pediatrician is reviewing bowel-management options. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Glycerin suppository",
"C": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)",
"D": "Polyethylene glycol",
"E": "Lactulose"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-SNP-001-B | A 4-year-old child is seen for constipation with painful stooling. The pediatrician is reviewing bowel-management options. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "Glycerin suppository",
"B": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Polyethylene glycol",
"E": "Lactulose"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-VPA-001-A | An 18-month-old child with recurrent seizures requires maintenance antiseizure therapy. The neurology team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Topiramate",
"C": "Valproic acid",
"D": "Levetiracetam",
"E": "Oxcarbazepine"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"antiepileptics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-VPA-001-B | A 5-year-old child with recurrent seizures requires maintenance antiseizure therapy. The neurology team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient? | {
"A": "Topiramate",
"B": "None of the above",
"C": "Valproic acid",
"D": "Levetiracetam",
"E": "Oxcarbazepine"
} | [
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"antiepileptics"
] | age threshold | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-FGA-001-A | A 15-year-old adolescent presents with severe agitation requiring urgent symptom control in a monitored setting. The psychiatry team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Risperidone",
"B": "Haloperidol",
"C": "Lorazepam",
"D": "Chlorpromazine",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"B",
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-FGA-001-B | A 24-year-old adult presents with severe agitation requiring urgent symptom control in a monitored setting. The psychiatry team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? | {
"A": "Risperidone",
"B": "Haloperidol",
"C": "Lorazepam",
"D": "Chlorpromazine",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"E"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-TCA-001-A | A 14-year-old adolescent is being evaluated for pharmacologic treatment of mood symptoms. The mental health team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient? | {
"A": "Imipramine",
"B": "Desipramine",
"C": "Fluoxetine",
"D": "Sertraline",
"E": "None of the above"
} | [
"A",
"B"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-TCA-001-B | A 29-year-old adult is being evaluated for pharmacologic treatment of mood symptoms. The mental health team is reviewing medication options. | Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient? | {
"A": "Imipramine",
"B": "Desipramine",
"C": "Fluoxetine",
"D": "None of the above",
"E": "Sertraline"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"psychiatric medications"
] | pediatric-adult contraindication | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-LOP-001-A | A 2-year-old child presents with acute febrile diarrhea after a daycare outbreak, with symptoms consistent with infectious gastroenteritis. The pediatrician is reviewing symptom-management options. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "Oral rehydration solution",
"B": "Zinc sulfate",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Loperamide",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-LOP-001-B | A 2-year-old child presents with noninfectious loose stools related to recent diet change, without fever, blood in stool, or suspicion of infectious gastroenteritis. The pediatrician is reviewing symptom-management options. | Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient? | {
"A": "Oral rehydration solution",
"B": "Zinc sulfate",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Loperamide",
"E": "Acetaminophen"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | digestive system | [
"gastrointestinal drugs"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-COD-002-A | A 15-year-old adolescent is being discharged after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The surgical team is selecting a postoperative analgesic regimen. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "None of the above",
"B": "Ibuprofen",
"C": "Acetaminophen",
"D": "Codeine",
"E": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen"
} | [
"D"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | risk activation | counterfactual |
KD-CF-COD-002-B | A 15-year-old adolescent presents with routine musculoskeletal pain after a sports injury. The clinician is selecting an outpatient analgesic regimen. | Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient? | {
"A": "Ibuprofen",
"B": "Acetaminophen",
"C": "None of the above",
"D": "Codeine",
"E": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen"
} | [
"C"
] | pediatrics | nervous system | [
"opioids"
] | disease presence | pediatrics | risk deactivation | counterfactual |
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