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11 values
taxonomy_clinical_system
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9 values
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PG-THAL-POS-001
A 45-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma is being initiated on combination therapy. She is confirmed to be 8 weeks pregnant.
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in this patient?
{ "A": "Dexamethasone", "B": "Carfilzomib", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Bortezomib", "E": "Thalidomide" }
[ "E" ]
obstetrics and gynecology
reproductive system
[ "immunomodulators" ]
pregnancy status
pregnancy
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-GF-ARB-001
A 2-week-old neonate with severe hypertension secondary to renal disease is being evaluated for antihypertensive therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Hydralazine", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Furosemide", "D": "Amlodipine", "E": "Losartan" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
cardiovascular system
[ "cardiovascular drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-ATV-001
A 2-month-old infant with perinatal HIV exposure is being evaluated for antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacogenetic testing is not available.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Lamivudine", "B": "Raltegravir", "C": "Zidovudine", "D": "Atazanavir", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antivirals" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-CAM-001
A 6-year-old child presents with upper respiratory symptoms, and the caregiver asks about topical chest-rub products for symptomatic relief.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Saline nasal spray", "B": "Camphor (topical)", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Petrolatum ointment", "E": "Honey" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "topical drugs" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-CAR-001
A 15-month-old toddler is brought to clinic for rhinorrhea and nighttime cough, and the family asks about antihistamine options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Saline nasal spray", "C": "Cetirizine", "D": "Carbinoxamine", "E": "Humidified air" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
respiratory system
[ "antihistamines" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-CEF-001
A 10-day-old neonate is being treated for suspected sepsis. This is not a one-time gonococcal treatment dose.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Ceftriaxone", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Gentamicin", "D": "Ampicillin", "E": "Cefotaxime" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-CHL-001
A 2-week-old neonate with a serious bacterial infection is in the neonatal intensive care unit. Serum concentration monitoring is not available.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Chloramphenicol", "B": "Gentamicin", "C": "Ampicillin", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Cefotaxime" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-COR-001
A 10-month-old infant presents with diaper dermatitis, and the clinician is reviewing topical treatment choices.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Topical nystatin", "B": "Topical corticosteroids (high potency)", "C": "Zinc oxide barrier cream", "D": "Petrolatum ointment", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "dermatologic drugs" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-DAR-001
A 2-year-old child weighing 9 kg with HIV infection is being evaluated for antiretroviral therapy.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Darunavir", "C": "Zidovudine", "D": "Dolutegravir", "E": "Lamivudine" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antivirals" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-DIC-001
A 4-month-old infant is brought in for abdominal cramping, and the clinician is reviewing antispasmodic treatment options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Dicyclomine", "C": "Simethicone", "D": "Glycerin suppository", "E": "Oral rehydration solution" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-DIF-001
A 9-year-old child is being treated for postoperative ocular inflammation, and ophthalmic medication options are under review.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Artificial tears", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Difluprednate (ophthalmic)", "D": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment", "E": "Saline eye wash" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "ophthalmic drugs" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-DIP-001
A 3-year-old child presents with acute diarrhea, and the caregiver asks about antidiarrheal medication options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Zinc supplementation", "C": "Diphenoxylate-atropine", "D": "Oral rehydration solution", "E": "Dietary modification" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-FGA-001
A 12-year-old child with severe agitation is being evaluated for psychiatric medication options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply.
{ "A": "Melatonin", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Hydroxyzine", "D": "Haloperidol", "E": "Chlorpromazine" }
[ "D", "E" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-PRODA-001
An 18-month-old toddler presents with vomiting, and the clinician is reviewing antiemetic choices.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Oral rehydration solution", "B": "Ondansetron", "C": "Simethicone", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Prochlorperazine" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-SGA02-001
A 14-year-old adolescent with psychiatric symptoms is being considered for maintenance treatment, and the team is reviewing medication plans.
Which of the following treatment plans should be avoided in this patient because of pediatric guideline restrictions on treatment duration?
{ "A": "Fluoxetine planned for 12 weeks", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Risperidone planned for 4 weeks", "D": "Olanzapine planned for 16 weeks", "E": "Olanzapine planned for 6 weeks" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-MET-001
A 10-month-old infant is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding, and the team is reviewing symptomatic treatment options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Metoclopramide", "B": "Oral rehydration solution", "C": "Ondansetron", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Simethicone" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-PRO-001
A 15-month-old toddler presents with nausea and vomiting, and antiemetic options are being reviewed.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Oral rehydration solution", "C": "Simethicone", "D": "Promethazine", "E": "Ondansetron" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
respiratory system
[ "antihistamines/antiemetics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TRIDA-001
A 9-year-old child presents with vomiting, and the clinician is reviewing antiemetic choices.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Oral rehydration solution", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Trimethobenzamide", "D": "Simethicone", "E": "Ondansetron" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-BEN-001
An 18-month-old toddler is brought in for painful oral ulcers and poor oral intake. The family asks about topical oral pain relief.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Benzocaine (topical oral)", "C": "Cold fluids", "D": "Acetaminophen", "E": "Saline oral rinse" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-LID-001
A 20-month-old toddler is seen for painful oral lesions causing decreased oral intake, and topical oral treatments are under review.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Cold fluids", "C": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)", "D": "Saline oral rinse", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-GEN-001
A 2-week-old neonate presents with eye discharge and eyelid irritation, and ophthalmic treatment options are being reviewed.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Warm compresses", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment", "D": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)", "E": "Saline eye drops" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "ophthalmic drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-LAM-001
An 11-year-old child with epilepsy is starting maintenance therapy, and the neurology team is reviewing medication choices that require slow titration because of pediatric safety concerns.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Lamotrigine", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Levetiracetam", "D": "Valtoco", "E": "Clobazam" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "antiepileptics" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-LOP-001
A 2-year-old child presents with fever, watery stools, and suspected acute infectious diarrhea. The family asks about symptomatic medications.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Oral rehydration solution", "B": "Banana-rice diet", "C": "Zinc supplementation", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Loperamide" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-MAC-001
A 2-week-old neonate with fever and suspected bacterial sepsis is being evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit. The team is considering antibiotics, and there is no evidence of Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia, or Ureaplasma infection.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply.
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Azithromycin", "C": "Erythromycin", "D": "Ampicillin", "E": "Cefotaxime" }
[ "B", "C" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-MIN-001
A 7-month-old infant is evaluated for constipation, and the clinician is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Mineral oil", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Glycerin suppository", "D": "Lactulose", "E": "Prune juice" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-NAL-001
A term neonate in the delivery room requires postpartum resuscitation after maternal intrapartum opioid exposure. The resuscitation team is specifically deciding whether any medication should be avoided in this neonatal postpartum-resuscitation setting.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this neonatal resuscitation setting?
{ "A": "Intravenous glucose", "B": "Naloxone", "C": "Positive-pressure ventilation", "D": "Supplemental oxygen", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioid antagonists" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-NIT-001
A 2-week-old neonate is being evaluated for urinary tract infection treatment, and antibiotic options are under review.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Cefotaxime", "B": "Ampicillin", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Gentamicin", "E": "Nitrofurantoin" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-COD-001
An 8-year-old child presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury, and the clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Acetaminophen", "C": "Naproxen", "D": "Codeine", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-COD02-001
A 14-year-old adolescent is on postoperative day 1 after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and needs analgesic treatment.
Which of the following analgesics should be avoided in this postoperative patient?
{ "A": "Ibuprofen", "B": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen", "C": "Acetaminophen", "D": "Codeine", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-MEP-001
A 3-week-old neonate requires analgesic review in the intensive care setting, and opioid choices are being considered.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Meperidine", "B": "Acetaminophen", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Morphine", "E": "Fentanyl" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TRA-001
A 10-year-old child presents with acute pain after a sports injury, and the team is reviewing oral analgesic options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Naproxen", "B": "Tramadol", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Acetaminophen", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TRA02-001
A 15-year-old adolescent is recovering after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and needs postoperative analgesia.
Which of the following analgesics should be avoided in this postoperative patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Ibuprofen", "C": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen", "D": "Tramadol", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-PPF-001
A 13-year-old patient in the intensive care unit requires ongoing sedation, and the team is reviewing infusion plans.
Which of the following medication plans should be avoided in this patient because of pediatric dose-duration safety guidance?
{ "A": "Dexmedetomidine infusion at standard dosing", "B": "Propofol infusion 2 mg/kg/hr for 12 hours", "C": "Propofol infusion 5 mg/kg/hr for 72 hours", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Midazolam infusion at standard dosing" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "anesthetics" ]
dose threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-SAL-001
A 9-year-old child with fever, myalgias, and suspected influenza is being evaluated for symptomatic treatment.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Acetaminophen", "B": "Aspirin", "C": "Ibuprofen", "D": "Oral hydration", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "antipyretic analgesics" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-SNP-001
An 18-month-old toddler is brought in for constipation, and rectal medication options are being reviewed.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Lactulose", "B": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)", "C": "Glycerin suppository", "D": "Prune juice", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-SUL-001
A 2-week-old neonate requires antibiotic review, and sulfonamide-containing options are under consideration.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Cefotaxime", "B": "Ampicillin", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Gentamicin", "E": "Sulfamethoxazole" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TET01-001
A 6-year-old child is being evaluated for treatment of an atypical bacterial infection, and antibiotic choices are under review.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Tetracycline", "B": "Cefdinir", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Azithromycin", "E": "Amoxicillin" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TET02-001
A 2-week-old neonate with a mild superficial skin infection is being evaluated for antibiotic therapy, and the team wants to avoid agents with specific age-related toxicity in neonates.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Cefalexin", "B": "Clindamycin", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Ampicillin", "E": "Tetracycline" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-TCA-001
A 13-year-old adolescent is being evaluated for psychiatric medication treatment, and the clinician is reviewing antidepressant choices.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient? Select all that apply.
{ "A": "Desipramine", "B": "Fluoxetine", "C": "Sertraline", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Imipramine" }
[ "A", "E" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-VPA-001
An 18-month-old toddler with seizures is being evaluated for maintenance antiepileptic therapy.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Clobazam", "B": "Valproic acid", "C": "Levetiracetam", "D": "Phenobarbital", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "antiepileptics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-GF-VER-001
A 6-month-old infant with supraventricular tachycardia is being evaluated for medication therapy.
Which of the following medications should be used with particular caution in this patient?
{ "A": "Verapamil", "B": "Digoxin", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Propranolol", "E": "Adenosine" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
cardiovascular system
[ "cardiovascular drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
static risk identification
guideline_following
KD-CF-CHL-001-A
A 2-week-old neonate is being treated for a serious bacterial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. The care team is reviewing antimicrobial options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Cefotaxime", "B": "Chloramphenicol", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Gentamicin", "E": "Ampicillin" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-CHL-001-B
A 3-month-old infant is being treated for a serious bacterial infection. The care team is reviewing antimicrobial options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Cefotaxime", "C": "Chloramphenicol", "D": "Gentamicin", "E": "Ampicillin" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
lymphatic and immune system
[ "antibiotics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-BEN-001-A
An 18-month-old toddler is brought to clinic for painful oral irritation and poor feeding. The clinician is considering symptomatic treatment options for oral pain.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "Benzocaine (topical oral)", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Acetaminophen", "D": "Saline oral rinse", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "A" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-BEN-001-B
A 4-year-old child is brought to clinic for painful oral irritation and poor feeding. The clinician is considering symptomatic treatment options for oral pain.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "Benzocaine (topical oral)", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Acetaminophen", "D": "Saline oral rinse", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-LID-001-A
A 15-month-old toddler is seen for painful oral ulcerations causing decreased oral intake. The pediatrician is reviewing topical and supportive treatment options.
Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient?
{ "A": "Saline oral rinse", "B": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Cold fluids", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-LID-001-B
A 5-year-old child is seen for painful oral ulcerations causing decreased oral intake. The pediatrician is reviewing topical and supportive treatment options.
Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient?
{ "A": "Saline oral rinse", "B": "Lidocaine viscous (topical oral)", "C": "Cold fluids", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
integumentary system
[ "local anesthetics/topical drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-GEN-001-A
A 2-week-old neonate is evaluated for eye discharge and eyelid irritation. The clinician is reviewing ophthalmic treatment options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment", "C": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)", "D": "Saline eye drops", "E": "Warm compresses" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "ophthalmic drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-GEN-001-B
A 4-month-old infant is evaluated for eye discharge and eyelid irritation. The clinician is reviewing ophthalmic treatment options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment", "B": "Gentamicin (ophthalmic ointment)", "C": "Saline eye drops", "D": "Warm compresses", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "ophthalmic drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-MET-001-A
A 10-month-old infant is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding. The pediatric team is reviewing symptom-directed treatment options.
Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient?
{ "A": "Ondansetron", "B": "Oral rehydration solution", "C": "Simethicone", "D": "Metoclopramide", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-MET-001-B
A 3-year-old child is brought in for persistent vomiting and poor feeding. The pediatric team is reviewing symptom-directed treatment options.
Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient?
{ "A": "Ondansetron", "B": "Oral rehydration solution", "C": "Simethicone", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Metoclopramide" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-COD-001-A
An 8-year-old child presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury. The clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Naproxen", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Codeine", "D": "Acetaminophen", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-COD-001-B
A 14-year-old adolescent presents with acute pain after a minor orthopedic injury. The clinician is selecting an analgesic regimen.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Naproxen", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Codeine", "D": "Acetaminophen", "E": "Ibuprofen" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-MEP-001-A
A 3-week-old neonate requires short-term analgesia during inpatient treatment. The care team is reviewing pain-control options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Meperidine", "C": "Acetaminophen", "D": "Morphine", "E": "Fentanyl" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-MEP-001-B
A 4-month-old infant requires short-term analgesia during inpatient treatment. The care team is reviewing pain-control options and wants to avoid agents that are unsafe at this age.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "Meperidine", "B": "Acetaminophen", "C": "Morphine", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Fentanyl" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-SNP-001-A
An 18-month-old toddler is seen for constipation with painful stooling. The pediatrician is reviewing bowel-management options.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Glycerin suppository", "C": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)", "D": "Polyethylene glycol", "E": "Lactulose" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-SNP-001-B
A 4-year-old child is seen for constipation with painful stooling. The pediatrician is reviewing bowel-management options.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "Glycerin suppository", "B": "Sodium phosphate solution enema (rectal)", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Polyethylene glycol", "E": "Lactulose" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-VPA-001-A
An 18-month-old child with recurrent seizures requires maintenance antiseizure therapy. The neurology team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Topiramate", "C": "Valproic acid", "D": "Levetiracetam", "E": "Oxcarbazepine" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "antiepileptics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-VPA-001-B
A 5-year-old child with recurrent seizures requires maintenance antiseizure therapy. The neurology team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications would be potentially inappropriate in this patient?
{ "A": "Topiramate", "B": "None of the above", "C": "Valproic acid", "D": "Levetiracetam", "E": "Oxcarbazepine" }
[ "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "antiepileptics" ]
age threshold
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-FGA-001-A
A 15-year-old adolescent presents with severe agitation requiring urgent symptom control in a monitored setting. The psychiatry team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Risperidone", "B": "Haloperidol", "C": "Lorazepam", "D": "Chlorpromazine", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "B", "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-FGA-001-B
A 24-year-old adult presents with severe agitation requiring urgent symptom control in a monitored setting. The psychiatry team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications should be avoided in this patient?
{ "A": "Risperidone", "B": "Haloperidol", "C": "Lorazepam", "D": "Chlorpromazine", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "E" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-TCA-001-A
A 14-year-old adolescent is being evaluated for pharmacologic treatment of mood symptoms. The mental health team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient?
{ "A": "Imipramine", "B": "Desipramine", "C": "Fluoxetine", "D": "Sertraline", "E": "None of the above" }
[ "A", "B" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-TCA-001-B
A 29-year-old adult is being evaluated for pharmacologic treatment of mood symptoms. The mental health team is reviewing medication options.
Which of the following medications should not be prescribed for this patient?
{ "A": "Imipramine", "B": "Desipramine", "C": "Fluoxetine", "D": "None of the above", "E": "Sertraline" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "psychiatric medications" ]
pediatric-adult contraindication
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-LOP-001-A
A 2-year-old child presents with acute febrile diarrhea after a daycare outbreak, with symptoms consistent with infectious gastroenteritis. The pediatrician is reviewing symptom-management options.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "Oral rehydration solution", "B": "Zinc sulfate", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Loperamide", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-LOP-001-B
A 2-year-old child presents with noninfectious loose stools related to recent diet change, without fever, blood in stool, or suspicion of infectious gastroenteritis. The pediatrician is reviewing symptom-management options.
Which of the following options would be inappropriate for this patient?
{ "A": "Oral rehydration solution", "B": "Zinc sulfate", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Loperamide", "E": "Acetaminophen" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
digestive system
[ "gastrointestinal drugs" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual
KD-CF-COD-002-A
A 15-year-old adolescent is being discharged after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The surgical team is selecting a postoperative analgesic regimen.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "None of the above", "B": "Ibuprofen", "C": "Acetaminophen", "D": "Codeine", "E": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen" }
[ "D" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
risk activation
counterfactual
KD-CF-COD-002-B
A 15-year-old adolescent presents with routine musculoskeletal pain after a sports injury. The clinician is selecting an outpatient analgesic regimen.
Which of the following would be most appropriate to avoid in this patient?
{ "A": "Ibuprofen", "B": "Acetaminophen", "C": "None of the above", "D": "Codeine", "E": "Hydrocodone-acetaminophen" }
[ "C" ]
pediatrics
nervous system
[ "opioids" ]
disease presence
pediatrics
risk deactivation
counterfactual