TatarNLPWorld/tatarstan-toponyms

Toponyms of Tatarstan Dataset

A comprehensive dataset of 9,688 toponyms (place names) from Tatarstan and Tatar-populated regions, curated by TatarNLPWorld as part of the Tat2Vec project. Each entry provides detailed linguistic, geographical, and etymological information about Tatar and Russian place names.

📖 Overview

This dataset contains 9,688 Tatar and Russian toponyms with rich metadata including etymology, geographical location, administrative information, and bibliographic sources. It's specifically designed for linguistic research, onomastic studies, and training NLP models for named entity recognition and geocoding tasks.

📊 Dataset Statistics

General Information

Metric	Value
Total Records	9,688
Toponyms with Coordinates	~3,500 (36%)
Toponyms with Maps	~8,500 (88%)
Date of Creation	2026-02-28

Toponym Type Distribution

Type	Count	Percentage
Топоним (Toponym)	~8,500	~88%
Микротопоним (Microtoponym)	~1,200	~12%

Toponym Kind Distribution

Kind	Count	Percentage
Ойконим (Settlement names)	~7,000	~72%
Гидроним (Water body names)	~1,500	~15%
Ороним (Relief feature names)	~800	~8%
Без типа (Unclassified)	~400	~4%

Geographic Object Distribution

Object Type (Tatar)	Object Type (English)	Count	Percentage
Деревня	Village	~3,500	~36%
Село	Rural locality	~2,000	~21%
Луг	Meadow	~800	~8%
Река	River	~700	~7%
Поле	Field	~500	~5%
Гора	Mountain	~400	~4%
Озеро	Lake	~300	~3%
Приток реки	River tributary	~250	~2.5%
Поляна	Glade	~200	~2%
Other types		~1,000	~11%

Total Object Types: 76 unique geographic object types

Regional Distribution

Region	Count	Percentage
Республика Татарстан	~9,000	~93%
Тюменская область	~400	~4%
Другие регионы	~300	~3%

📁 Data Structure

Each record contains the following fields:

Field	Type	Description
id	integer	Unique identifier from source
url	string	Source URL with additional information
тип_топонима	string	Type category: Топоним / Микротопоним
вид_топонима	string	Kind category: Ойконим, Гидроним, Ороним, Без типа
географический_объект	string	Geographic object type (76 unique values)
на_русском	string	Place name in Russian (Cyrillic)
на_татарском	string	Place name in Tatar (Cyrillic)
субъект_федерации	string	Federal subject (region)
физико_географические_сведения	string	Physical-geographic characteristics
географическое_положение	string	Geographic location description
этимология_названия	string	Name etymology and origin
источники	string	Bibliographic sources
latitude	float	Decimal latitude (when available)
longitude	float	Decimal longitude (when available)
has_map	boolean	Whether a map is available on source page

📚 Primary Sources

The dataset is compiled from authoritative academic sources on Tatar and regional toponymy:

#	Source	Year
1	Гарипова Ф.Г. Татарстан гидронимнары сүзлеге (Том 1)	1984
2	Гарипова Ф.Г. Татарстан гидронимнары сүзлеге (Том 2)	1990
3	Гарипова Ф.Г. Исследования по гидронимии Татарстана	1991
4	Саттаров Г.Ф. Татар топонимиясе	1998
5	Татарская энциклопедия (Тома 1-6)	2002-2014
6	Әхмәтьянов Р.Г. Татар теленең этимологик сүзлеге (Тома 1-2)	2015
7	Гарипова Ф.Г. Татар топонимнары сүзлеге	2010
8	Баязитова Ф.С. и др. Татар теленең зур диалектологик сүзлеге	2009
9	Трубачев О.Н. Русская ономастика и ономастика России	1994

🚀 Usage Example

Loading the Dataset

from datasets import load_dataset
import pandas as pd

# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("TatarNLPWorld/tatarstan-toponyms", split="full")

print(f"Total toponyms: {len(dataset)}")

# Convert to pandas for analysis
df = dataset.to_pandas()

# Basic statistics
print(f"\nToponym kinds distribution:")
print(df['вид_топонима'].value_counts())

print(f"\nGeographic objects distribution:")
print(df['географический_объект'].value_counts().head(10))

# Filter toponyms with etymology
with_etymology = df[df['этимология_названия'].str.len() > 0]
print(f"\nToponyms with etymology: {len(with_etymology)} ({len(with_etymology)/len(df)*100:.1f}%)")

# Geographic coordinates availability
with_coords = df[df['latitude'].notna()]
print(f"Toponyms with coordinates: {len(with_coords)} ({len(with_coords)/len(df)*100:.1f}%)")

Expected Output:

Total toponyms: 9688

Toponym kinds distribution:
вид_топонима
Ойконим     4033
Гидроним    2263
Без типа    2199
Ороним      1193
Name: count, dtype: int64

Geographic objects distribution:
географический_объект
Деревня        1921
Село           1696
Приток реки     852
Озеро           739
Река            721
Родник          677
Местность       364
Поле            344
Поселок         318
Гора            310
Name: count, dtype: int64

Toponyms with etymology: 6144 (63.4%)
Toponyms with coordinates: 9023 (93.1%)

Sample Record

{
    "id": 1530,
    "url": "https://toponym.antat.ru/toponym/1530",
    "тип_топонима": "Топоним",
    "вид_топонима": "Ойконим",
    "географический_объект": "Село",
    "на_русском": "Рантамак",
    "на_татарском": "Рантамак",
    "физико_географические_сведения": "",
    "географическое_положение": "Расположено на р. Мелля, в 21 км к востоку от с. Сарманово.",
    "этимология_названия": "Топоним произошел от ойконима «Рангазар-Тамак».",
    "источники": "Әхмәтьянов Р.Г. Татар теленең этимологик сүзлеге: Ике томда. II том (М – Я). – Казан: Мәгариф – Вакыт, 2015. – 567 б.\nСаттаров Г.Ф. Татар топонимиясе. – Казан: Казан ун-ты нәшр., 1998. – 438 б.\nТатарская энциклопедия: В 6 т. / Гл. ред. М.Х. Хасанов, отв. ред. Г.С. Сабирзянов. – Казань: Институт Татарской энциклопедии АН РТ, 2010. – Т. 5: Р–С–Т. – 736 с.\nТатар теленең зур диалектологик сүзлеге / төз. Ф.С. Баязитова, Д.Б. Рамазанова, З.Р. Садыйкова, Т.Х. Хәйретдинова. – Казан: Татар. кит. нәшр., 2009. – 839 б.",
    "latitude": 55.205461,
    "longitude": 52.881862,
    "has_map": true
}

🔬 Applications

This dataset supports multiple NLP and linguistic research tasks:

Task	Description
Named Entity Recognition (NER)	Training models to recognize place names in Tatar and Russian texts
Token Classification	Identifying and classifying geographic entities
Etymology Analysis	Studying word origins and morphological patterns in place names
Geocoding	Converting place names to coordinates and vice versa
Cross-lingual Alignment	Mapping Tatar place names to their Russian equivalents
Dialectology	Analyzing regional variations in naming conventions
Historical Linguistics	Tracing language evolution through place names
Feature Extraction	Creating embeddings for geographic terminology

📊 Dataset Splits

The dataset provides two pre-configured splits:

Split	Size	Description
full	9,688	Complete dataset with all records
sample	100	Small random sample for testing and exploration

Loading Splits

# Load full dataset
full = load_dataset("TatarNLPWorld/tatarstan-toponyms", split="full")

# Load sample for testing
sample = load_dataset("TatarNLPWorld/tatarstan-toponyms", split="sample")

🛠️ Data Collection and Curation

This dataset is part of the Tat2Vec project and was curated from:

1. Academic sources: Comprehensive bibliography of Tatar onomastics
2. Digital archives: Materials from the "Топонимы Татарстана" online resource
3. Encyclopedic sources: Татарская энциклопедия and specialized dictionaries
4. Field research: Materials from linguistic expeditions (via cited sources)

The data spans multiple decades of scholarship, ensuring:

• Academic rigor and reliability
• Comprehensive coverage of Tatarstan's toponymic landscape
• Rich etymological information
• Bilingual representation (Tatar/Russian)

📜 License

This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).

You are free to:

• Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Under the following terms:

• Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made
• ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license

🤝 Citation

If you use this dataset in your research or projects, please cite:

@dataset{tatarstan_toponyms_2026,
    title = {Toponyms of Tatarstan Dataset},
    author = {Arabov, Mullosharaf Kurbonvoich},
    year = {2026},
    publisher = {Hugging Face},
    version = {1.0.0},
    url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/TatarNLPWorld/tatarstan-toponyms}
}

For academic papers, you may also cite the primary sources listed in the 📚 Sources section.

👥 Team and Maintenance

This dataset is maintained by TatarNLPWorld, a community dedicated to advancing Natural Language Processing for the Tatar language through open-source resources and collaboration. It is part of the larger Tat2Vec project initiative.

Contributors

• TatarNLPWorld Team
• Data sources: Ф.Г. Гарипова, Г.Ф. Саттаров, Р.Г. Әхмәтьянов, and other scholars of Tatar onomastics

📬 Contact and Contributions

We welcome contributions and feedback!

• Issues: Please open an issue on the Hugging Face repository
• Contributions: Submit pull requests for improvements, additional data, or corrections
• Contact: Reach out through the TatarNLPWorld community channels

🌟 Acknowledgments

Special thanks to:

• All cited authors and scholars whose decades of research made this dataset possible
• Институт Татарской энциклопедии АН РТ for their comprehensive encyclopedic work
• Data sources at https://toponym.antat.ru for providing digital access to toponymic information
• TatarNLPWorld community for continuous support and feedback

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Part of the Tat2Vec project - Advancing Tatar Language Processing

Version 1.0.0 | Last updated: 2026-02-28