. If one wants a satellite to fly","title":"Sun-synchronous orbit"},{"docid":"3609988","text":"over some given spot on Earth every day at the same hour, it can do between 7 and 16 orbits per day, as shown in the following table. (The table has been calculated assuming the periods given. The orbital period that should be used is actually slightly longer. For instance, a retrograde equatorial orbit that passes over the same spot after 24 hours has a true period about ≈ 1.0027 times longer than the time between overpasses. For non-equatorial orbits the factor is closer to 1.) When one says that a Sun-synchronous orbit goes over a spot on the Earth","title":"Sun-synchronous orbit"},{"docid":"17356365","text":"be capable of transporting up to of cargo and passengers per trip to Mars, with on-orbit propellant refill before the beyond-Earth-orbit part of the journey. Early flights to Mars are expected to carry mostly equipment and few people. The transport capacity of the 2016 spaceship from low Earth orbit to a Mars trajectory—with a trans-Mars trajectory insertion energy gain of and full propellant tanks—was projected to be to Mars orbit, or landed on the surface with retropropulsive landing. SpaceX estimated Earth-Mars transit times to vary between 80–150 days, depending on particular planetary alignments during the nine discrete 2020–2037 mission opportunities,","title":"SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure"},{"docid":"16490358","text":"by. This would mean the ascent stage of the lander to reach the speed necessary equal to that of the spacecraft flying by, but the resources needed for Earth return would not have to enter or leave Mars orbit. The spacecraft they live in on the journey to Mars does the flyby, but the crew separates and goes into a lander. The Excursion module's ascent stage must rejoin the main spacecraft before it gets too far away. An advantage is that the resources needed for Earth return don't have to enter and leave Mars orbit, but the ascent stage has","title":"Mars flyby"},{"docid":"10864858","text":"Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars The Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM) is a mission concept for a Mars air and dust sample return. It was a semi-finalist at the Mars Scout Program along with four other missions in December 2002. The SCIM mission would be designed to skim through the Mars atmosphere without landing or entering orbit. It would collect samples in an aerogel and take them back to Earth on a free-return trajectory. The success of fellow Discovery program mission \"Stardust\" was noted as supporting future sample return missions, and in particular supporting the SCIM concept.","title":"Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars"},{"docid":"13116380","text":"Ice ages on Mars are very different from the ones that the Earth experiences. Ice ages are driven by changes in Mars's orbit and tilt —also known as obliquity. Orbital calculations show that Mars wobbles on its axis far more than Earth does. The Earth is stabilized by its proportionally large moon, so it only wobbles a few degrees. Mars may change its tilt by many tens of degrees. When this obliquity is high, its poles get much more direct sunlight and heat; this causes the ice caps to warm and become smaller as ice sublimes. Adding to the variability","title":"Water on Mars"},{"docid":"10352719","text":"the risks and can be undertaken before 2030. In 2012, a conceptual architecture was published by Boeing, United Launch Alliance, and RAL Space in England, laying out a possible design for a crewed Mars mission. Components of the architecture include various spacecraft for the Earth-to-Mars journey, landing, and surface stay as well as return. Some features include several uncrewed cargo landers assembled into a base on the surface of Mars. The crew would land at this base in the \"Mars Personnel Lander\", which could also take them back into Mars orbit. The design for the crewed interplanetary spacecraft included artificial","title":"Human mission to Mars"},{"docid":"3245420","text":"on 26 October 664, and the next transit of this type will occur on 14 December 5934. The simultaneous occurrence of a transit of Venus and a transit of Earth is extremely rare, and will next occur in the year 571,471. Transit of Earth from Mars A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Earth would be visible from Mars as a small black disc moving across the","title":"Transit of Earth from Mars"},{"docid":"11281342","text":"are sufficiently smaller than that of the Sun; thus, their partial \"eclipses\" of the Sun are best considered transits (see transit of Deimos and Phobos from Mars). Transits of Mercury and Venus have been observed from Mars. A transit of Earth will be seen from Mars on November 10, 2084. On October 19, 2014, Comet Siding Spring passed extremely close to Mars, so close that the coma may have enveloped Mars. The mean apparent magnitude of Mars is +0.71 with a standard deviation of 1.05. Because the orbit of Mars is eccentric, the magnitude at opposition from the Sun can","title":"Mars"},{"docid":"18192281","text":"a German astronomer, it was believed, or assumed, that planets traveled in circular orbits around the Sun. When Kepler studied Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe's careful observations of Mars's position in the sky on many nights, Kepler realized that Mars's orbit could not be a circle. After considerable analysis, Kepler discovered that Mars's orbit was an ellipse, with the Sun occupying one of the elliptical orbit's two focal points. This, in turn, led to Kepler's discovery that all planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one of the two focal points. This became the first of Kepler's","title":"Orbit of Mars"},{"docid":"10352689","text":"orbit of Mars, it may drop into orbit around Mars by either of two main options: using rockets to slow down, or aerocapture. The same is true for missions to the surface. The state of the atmosphere, the altitude, and the properties of the landing site must come into consideration for a surface landing. It may be necessary to avoid a scientifically interesting site in the interest of safe touchdown. Aerocapture at Mars for human missions was studied in the 20th century. In a review of 93 Mars studies 24 used aerocapture for Mars or Earth return. One of the","title":"Human mission to Mars"},{"docid":"2253689","text":"time. To keep the same local time on a given pass, the time period of the orbit must be kept as short as possible, this is achieved by keeping the orbit lower around Earth. However, very low orbits of a few hundred kilometers rapidly decay due to drag from the atmosphere. Commonly used altitudes are between 700 and 800 km, producing an orbital period of about 100 minutes. The half-orbit on the Sun side then takes only 50 minutes, during which local time of day does not vary greatly. To retain the Sun-synchronous orbit as Earth revolves around the Sun","title":"Polar orbit"},{"docid":"977009","text":"However, Mars 4 failed to enter orbit, and Mars 5 failed after a few days in orbit. Mars 7 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24. The launch occurred at 17:00:17 UTC on 9 August 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 7 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars. The spacecraft performed a course correction on 16 August 1973. Mars 7's lander separated from the flyby bus on 9","title":"Mars 7"},{"docid":"361701","text":"gradual motion of the aphelion of the \"Earth's\" orbit). Ibn Yunus observed more than 10,000 entries for the Sun's position for many years using a large astrolabe. From an observation of a transit of Venus in 1032, the Persian astronomer and polymath Avicenna concluded that Venus is closer to Earth than the Sun. In 1672 Giovanni Cassini and Jean Richer determined the distance to Mars and were thereby able to calculate the distance to the Sun. In 1666, Isaac Newton observed the Sun's light using a prism, and showed that it is made up of light of many colors. In","title":"Sun"},{"docid":"9692771","text":"on a regular basis. Once the orbit is established, no propulsion is required to shuttle between the two bodies on a regular basis, although some minor corrections may be necessary due to small perturbations in the orbit. The use of cyclers was considered in 1969 by Walter M. Hollister, who examined the case of an Earth-Venus cycler. Cycler trajectories between Earth and Mars occur in whole-number multiples of the synodic period between the two planets, which is about 2.135 Earth years. A Martian year is 1.8808 Earth years, so Mars makes eight orbits of the Sun in about the same","title":"Mars cycler"},{"docid":"578334","text":"3753 Cruithne 3753 Cruithne ( , ) is a Q-type, Aten asteroid in orbit around the Sun in 1:1 orbital resonance with Earth, making it a co-orbital object. It is an asteroid that, relative to Earth, orbits the Sun in a bean-shaped orbit that effectively describes a horseshoe, and that can change into a quasi-satellite orbit. Cruithne does not orbit Earth and at times it is on the other side of the Sun, placing Cruithne well outside of Earth's Hill sphere. Its orbit takes it inside the orbit of Mercury and outside the orbit of Mars. Cruithne orbits the Sun","title":"3753 Cruithne"},{"docid":"3609989","text":"at the same \"local time\" each time, this refers to mean solar time, not to apparent solar time. The Sun will not be in exactly the same position in the sky during the course of the year (see Equation of time and Analemma). Sun-synchronous orbits are mostly selected for Earth observation satellites, with an altitude typically between 600 and over the Earth surface. Even if an orbit remains Sun-synchronous, however, other orbital parameters such as argument of periapsis and the orbital eccentricity will evolve, due to higher order perturbations in the Earth's gravitational field, the pressure of sunlight, and other","title":"Sun-synchronous orbit"},{"docid":"3609981","text":"Sun-synchronous orbit A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO, also called a heliosynchronous orbit) is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun. A Sun-synchronous orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight, which allows the solar panels to work continually. This orbit is also useful for imaging, spy, and weather satellites, because every time that the","title":"Sun-synchronous orbit"},{"docid":"11281322","text":"For the last 35,000 years, the orbit of Mars has been getting slightly more eccentric because of the gravitational effects of the other planets. The closest distance between Earth and Mars will continue to mildly decrease for the next 25,000 years. The current understanding of planetary habitability—the ability of a world to develop environmental conditions favorable to the emergence of life—favors planets that have liquid water on their surface. Most often this requires the orbit of a planet to lie within the habitable zone, which for the Sun extends from just beyond Venus to about the semi-major axis of Mars.","title":"Mars"},{"docid":"16567911","text":"before arrival at Mars) and a lander (see \"Human Lander\" below). In 2012, Mars One speculated that the Transit Living Module could potentially be designed and built by Thales Alenia Space. A concept study was produced by Lockheed Martin for a demonstration lander based on the 2008 \"Phoenix\" lander. In December 2013 Mars One awarded a contract to Surrey Satellite Technology for a study of the satellite technology required to provide 24/7 communication between Earth and the Mars base. Mars One proposed at least two satellites, one in areostationary orbit above Mars and a second at the Earth – Sun","title":"Mars One"},{"docid":"8102490","text":"Orbit of the Moon The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth). On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii. With a mean orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), the Moon covers a distance approximately","title":"Orbit of the Moon"},{"docid":"628333","text":"L3\" Lagrangian point (see diagram), would mean the combined gravitational pull of the two large masses of Earth and Sun would provide \"precisely the centripetal force required to orbit with them\". But a small planet would be even more influenced by the orbit of Venus, Mars and Jupiter, making it even more unstable. Any planetary sized body 180 degrees from Earth should also have been visible to some space probes, such as NASA's STEREO coronagraph probes (two spacecraft launched into orbits around the Sun in 2006, one farther ahead of and one behind the Earth's orbit) which would have seen","title":"Counter-Earth"},{"docid":"14432149","text":"stars. While planets have been discovered orbiting similar stars to the Sun, most are gas giant or super-Earth sized, and many of these planetary systems have shown to be surprisingly different from our own. This measure is not entirely reliable as Mars and Venus also orbit the Sun but have different compositions and properties. The concept of the habitable zone (or Liquid Water Zone) defining a region where water can exist on the surface, is based on the properties of both the Earth and Sun. Under this model, Earth orbits roughly at the centre of this zone or in the","title":"Earth analog"},{"docid":"977004","text":"traps, cosmic ray and micrometeoroid detectors, and an instrument to study proton and electron fluxes from the Sun. Built by Lavochkin, Mars 6 was the first of two 3MP spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973 and was followed by Mars 7. Two orbiters, Mars 4 and Mars 5, were launched earlier in the 1973 Mars launch window and were expected to relay data for the two landers. However, Mars 4 failed to enter orbit, and Mars 5 failed after a few days in orbit. Mars 6 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying","title":"Mars 6"},{"docid":"111130","text":"that it formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet called Theia with the early Earth. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of Earth's crust. Earth has at least five co-orbital asteroids, including 3753 Cruithne and . A trojan asteroid companion, , is librating around the leading Lagrange triangular point, L4, in the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The tiny near-Earth asteroid makes close approaches to the Earth–Moon system roughly every twenty years. During these approaches, it can orbit Earth","title":"Earth"},{"docid":"4121375","text":"tadpole orbits and can be explained in a similar way, except that the asteroid's distance from the Earth does not oscillate as far as the point on the other side of the Sun. As it moves closer to or farther from the Earth, the changing pull of Earth's gravitational field causes it to accelerate or decelerate, causing a change in its orbit known as libration. An example of a body in a tadpole orbit is Polydeuces, a small moon of Saturn which librates around the trailing point relative to a larger moon, Dione. In relation to the orbit of Earth,","title":"Horseshoe orbit"},{"docid":"17831976","text":"in the habitat supported by the power and logistics module. After finishing their research they use the ascent vehicle to return to the Mars Transit Habitat, see also Mars Orbit Rendezvous. It brings them back to earth orbit, from where they return to the surface with the CEV. Austere Human Missions to Mars Austere Human Missions to Mars is a concept for a human mission to Mars by the United States space agency, NASA. Released in 2009, it proposed a modified and even less costly version of Design Reference Architecture (DRA) 5.0, itself a combination of nearly 20 years of","title":"Austere Human Missions to Mars"},{"docid":"251060","text":"It also acts as a relay for communications between the Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory, and previously the \"Phoenix\" lander to Earth. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of \"\". \"Odyssey\" was launched April 7, 2001, on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and reached Mars orbit on October 24, 2001, at 02:30 UTC (October 23, 19:30 PDT, 22:30 EDT). By December 15, 2010, it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3,340 days of operation. It is currently in a polar orbit around","title":"2001 Mars Odyssey"},{"docid":"2426075","text":"to this mission in any case. Back-contamination – humans acquiring and spreading Martian viruses – is described as \"just plain nuts\", because there are no host organisms on Mars for disease organisms to have evolved. In the same chapter, Zubrin decisively denounces and rejects suggestions that the Moon should be used as waypoint to Mars or as a training area. It is ultimately much easier to journey to Mars from low Earth orbit than from the moon and using the latter as a staging point is a pointless diversion of resources. While the Moon may superficially appear a good place","title":"The Case for Mars"},{"docid":"4268505","text":"Earth orbit rendezvous Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) is a potential methodology for conducting round trip human flights to the Moon, involving the use of space rendezvous to assemble, and possibly fuel, components of a translunar vehicle in low Earth orbit. It was considered and ultimately rejected in favor of lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) for NASA's Apollo Program of the 1960s and 1970s. Three decades later, it was planned to be used for Project Constellation, until that program’s cancellation in October 2010. The Agena target vehicle (ATV) was used for testing Earth orbit rendezvous in the NASA Gemini Program. Gemini 6","title":"Earth orbit rendezvous"},{"docid":"12303128","text":"\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" entered the Hot 100 Singles at number 77 and spent 17 weeks on the chart. The song was well received by music critics. Miles Marshall Lewis of \"The Village Voice\" commented on its Prince influence, stating \"D's falsetto plays the \"Do Me Baby\"-era chocolate-seduction Prince role\", while Mark Anthony Neal of PopMatters described the song as \"simply the best Prince song since his \"Diamonds and Pearls\" days\". Neal cited \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" as the best track featured on \"Voodoo\", and praised D'Angelo's style, stating \"arguably Prince has never sounded better channeled through D'Angelo.\"","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"361720","text":"Ultraviolet light is strongly attenuated by Earth's ozone layer, so that the amount of UV varies greatly with latitude and has been partially responsible for many biological adaptations, including variations in human skin color in different regions of the Earth. The Sun has eight known planets. This includes four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). The Solar System also has at least five dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, numerous comets, and a large number of icy bodies which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Sun The","title":"Sun"},{"docid":"4268508","text":"EDS and Altair would be met by the separately launched Orion (CEV). Once joined in low Earth orbit, the three would then travel out to the Moon and the Orion/Altair combination would fly a lunar orbit rendezvous flight pattern. Earth orbit rendezvous Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) is a potential methodology for conducting round trip human flights to the Moon, involving the use of space rendezvous to assemble, and possibly fuel, components of a translunar vehicle in low Earth orbit. It was considered and ultimately rejected in favor of lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) for NASA's Apollo Program of the 1960s and","title":"Earth orbit rendezvous"},{"docid":"3245418","text":"result). Much more recently, better measurements of the oblateness of Mars have been made by using radar from the Earth. Also, better measurements have been made by using artificial satellites that have been put into orbit around Mars, including \"Mariner 9\", \"Viking 1\", \"Viking 2\", and Soviet orbiters, and the more recent orbiters that have been sent from the Earth to Mars. A science fiction short story published in 1971 by Arthur C. Clarke, called \"Transit of Earth\", depicts a doomed astronaut on Mars observing the transit in 1984. This short story was first published in the January 1971 issue","title":"Transit of Earth from Mars"},{"docid":"20440163","text":"to deploy and commission the geophysical science instruments. It will then begin its mission of observing Mars, which is planned to last for two years. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun; it is about 1/2 size of Earth with 1/3 the gravity, and orbits between about 1.3 to 1.7 Earth-Sun distances. It has an almost 25-hour day, and has a 2-year orbit of the Sun for its year. Flybys and landings to gather scientific data about Mars have been conducted since the 1960s, but quality seismological studies – which would provide detailed information about the interior of Mars","title":"Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure"},{"docid":"20688278","text":"by the press. Other neologisms include \"tosol\" (for \"today\" on Mars), as well as one of three Mars versions of \"tomorrow\": \"nextersol\", \"morrowsol\", or \"solmorrow\". NASA planners coined the term \"soliday\" at least as far back as 2012 to refer to days off due to time phasing or the synching of planetary schedules. Considering a possible colonization of Mars, one question that arose was \"how does one convert a Sol to standard Earth time?\" In the science fiction series \"Mars trilogy\" by Kim Stanley Robinson, the Mars settlers use traditional Earth watches that stop ticking at midnight for 39 minutes","title":"Sol (day on Mars)"},{"docid":"17366309","text":"that are accessible to any user. There are four prominent aspects of the game. The story is inspired by Andy Weir's The Martian. The game is set in 2028 when a manned mission is sent to Mars. Player takes control of Mark Willis a member of the crew. Expedition suffers an accident and the crew dies. Willis is the sole survivor on Mars surface without any contact with Earth. He has to survive and find a way home. The early access phase of Take On Mars allows users to help Bohemia Interactive create new content and fix many bugs the","title":"Take On Mars"},{"docid":"3245419","text":"of \"Playboy\" magazine. Sometimes Earth only grazes the Sun during a transit. In this case it is possible that in some areas of Mars a full transit can be seen while in other regions there is only a partial transit (no second or third contact). The last transit of this type was on 30 April 1211, and the next such transit will occur on 27 November 4356. It is also possible that a transit of Earth can be seen in some parts of Mars as a partial transit, while in others Earth misses the Sun. Such a transit last occurred","title":"Transit of Earth from Mars"},{"docid":"4121371","text":"viewed relative to the Earth. Its orbit around the Sun still takes only slightly more than one Earth year. Given enough time, the Earth and the satellite will be on opposite sides of the Sun. Eventually the satellite comes around to point D where Earth's gravity is now reducing the satellite's orbital velocity. This causes it to fall into a lower orbit, which actually increases the angular speed of the satellite around the Sun. This continues until point E where the satellite's orbit is now lower and faster than Earth's orbit, and it begins moving out ahead of Earth. Over","title":"Horseshoe orbit"},{"docid":"8102497","text":"called the \"draconic\" or \"draconitic month\". The line of nodes, the intersection between the two respective planes, has a retrograde motion: for an observer on Earth, it rotates westward along the ecliptic with a period of 18.60 years or 19.3549° per year. When viewed from the celestial north, the nodes move clockwise around Earth, opposite to Earth's own spin and its revolution around the Sun. Lunar and solar eclipses can occur when the nodes align with the Sun, roughly every 173.3 days. Lunar orbit inclination also determines eclipses; shadows cross when nodes coincide with full and new moon when the","title":"Orbit of the Moon"},{"docid":"14041012","text":"or as a preliminary training area. \"It is ultimately much easier to journey to Mars from low Earth orbit than from the Moon and using the latter as a staging point is a pointless diversion of resources.\" While the Moon may superficially appear a good place to perfect Mars exploration and habitation techniques, the two bodies are radically different. The Moon has no atmosphere, no analogous geology and a much greater temperature range and rotational period of illumination. It is argued Antarctica, deserts of Earth, and precisely controlled chilled vacuum chambers on easily accessible NASA centers on Earth provide much","title":"Mars to Stay"},{"docid":"867542","text":"would maintain the orientation of the instruments, towards Mars. The chosen orbit was also sun-synchronous, allowing the daylit side of Mars to always be captured during the mid-afternoon of each Martian Sol. While some instruments could provide a real-time data link when Earth was in view of the spacecraft, data would also be recorded to the digital tape recorders and played back to Earth each day. Over 75 gigabytes of scientific data was expected to be yielded during the primary mission, much more than any previous mission to Mars. The end of the operable life for the spacecraft was expected","title":"Mars Observer"},{"docid":"7346665","text":"Orbiter Mission—currently orbiting Mars—is placed into highly elliptical supersynchronous orbit around Mars, with a period of 76.7 hours and a planned periapsis of and apoapsis of . Supersynchronous orbit A supersynchronous orbit is either an orbit with a period greater than that of a synchronous orbit, or just an orbit whose apoapsis (apogee in the case of the earth) is higher than that of a synchronous orbit. A synchronous orbit has a period equal to the rotational period of the body which contains the barycenter of the orbit. One particular supersynchronous orbital regime of significant economic value to Earth commerce","title":"Supersynchronous orbit"},{"docid":"111108","text":"hours. Due to this motion, on average it takes 24 hours—a solar day—for Earth to complete a full rotation about its axis so that the Sun returns to the meridian. The orbital speed of Earth averages about , which is fast enough to travel a distance equal to Earth's diameter, about , in seven minutes, and the distance to the Moon, , in about 3.5 hours. The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from","title":"Earth"},{"docid":"9939444","text":", and also the Genesis mission collecting solar particles at . On 14 May 2009, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched into space the Herschel and Planck observatories, both of which use Lissajous orbits at Sun–Earth . ESA's current Gaia mission also uses a Lissajous orbit at Sun–Earth . In 2011, NASA transferred two of its THEMIS spacecraft from Earth orbit to Lunar orbit by way of Earth-Moon and Lissajous orbits. China's lunar orbiter Chang'e 2 left lunar orbit on June 8, 2011 and was placed in a Lissajous orbit at Earth-Sun until mid-2012 prior to leaving Earth orbit entirely","title":"Lissajous orbit"},{"docid":"579696","text":"filings. This orbit, referred to as \"VLEO\", requires the use of novel technologies for orbit raising because they operate in orbits that would ordinarily decay too soon to be economically useful. A low Earth orbit requires the lowest amount of energy for satellite placement. It provides high bandwidth and low communication latency. Satellites and space stations in LEO are more accessible for crew and servicing. Since it requires less energy to place a satellite into a LEO, and a satellite there needs less powerful amplifiers for successful transmission, LEO is used for many communication applications, such as the Iridium phone","title":"Low Earth orbit"},{"docid":"10959987","text":"Gate orbit Gate orbits are optimal circular departure orbits for transfer from one planet to another. At certain specific orbits around a cosmic body, the additional delta-\"v\" required to go from orbital velocity to hyperbolic trajectory for an interplanetary transfer, is minimal. Gate orbits can therefore be very useful for minimising the delta-\"v\" budget for an interplanetary trip. For example, the required delta-\"v\" for a Hohmann transfer orbit from the Earth to Mars (considering Earth at 1 AU and Mars at 1.52 AU) is 2.94 km/s. To reach 2.94 km/s at infinity from a low Earth orbit at, say 200","title":"Gate orbit"},{"docid":"16691769","text":"the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC on 5 November 2013. The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013. The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC). After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. The mission is a \"technology demonstrator\" project to develop the technologies for","title":"Mars Orbiter Mission"},{"docid":"17323989","text":"months (1,378 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.57 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The \"Earth minimum orbit intersection distance\" with the orbit of the asteroid is , which translates into 13.4 lunar distances. As with many members of the Amor group, this asteroid has an aphelion beyond the orbit of Mars (at 1.66 AU) which also makes it a Mars-crosser. The sooty surface of suggested that it might have previously been a comet that experienced a close encounter with the Sun. However, the Tisserand parameter with respect to","title":"(285263) 1998 QE2"},{"docid":"17112546","text":"fly-by of Mars. The flight would take the spacecraft to within 800 kilometres of the surface of Venus, using the planet for a gravity assist to speed the onward travel to Mars. According to a paper written by Dennis Tito, \"the mission would require no maneuvers except small course corrections after a trans-Martian injection burn, [and] would allow no aborts. ... [It will] use low Earth orbit launch and crewed-spacecraft technology, outfitted for the long duration of a flight to Mars.\" They speculated that when the spacecraft returned to Earth it would reenter the atmosphere at 50 000 km per","title":"Inspiration Mars Foundation"},{"docid":"1918789","text":"was becoming the preferred system of many astronomers at the time of publication and which was ultimately proven incorrect. The Tychonic system is a motionless Earth system but not a Ptolemaic system; it is a hybrid system of the Copernican and Ptolemaic models. Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun (as in the Copernican system) in small circles, while the sun in turn orbits a stationary Earth; Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn orbit the Sun in much larger circles, which means they also orbit the earth. The Tychonian system is mathematically equivalent to the Copernican system, except that the Copernican system predicts","title":"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems"},{"docid":"4970515","text":"Astronomy on Mars In many cases astronomical phenomena viewed from the planet Mars are the same or similar to those seen from Earth but sometimes (as with the view of Earth as an evening/morning star) they can be quite different. For example, because the atmosphere of Mars does not contain an ozone layer, it is also possible to make UV observations from the surface of Mars. Mars has an axial tilt of 25.19°, quite close to the value of 23.44° for Earth, and thus Mars has seasons of spring, summer, autumn, winter as Earth does. As on Earth, the southern","title":"Astronomy on Mars"},{"docid":"10352728","text":"with the Deep Space Gateway (DSG) station, which would be in cis-lunar space after its construction, in 2027. Current plans show it to be sent with a crew of 4 to Mars in 2033. It would not, however, land, but merely remain in Martian orbit until there is a launch window for a return. The mission is expected to take about 2 years if all missions in the DSG and DST from 2021–2030 are successful. This mission would use the SLS rocket for launches, and the Orion MPCV to transport the crew to and from the Earth and the DSG","title":"Human mission to Mars"},{"docid":"10352731","text":"rockets could be used, but would add significant further weight. A return mission to Mars will need to land a rocket to carry crew off the surface. Launch requirements mean that this rocket would be significantly smaller than an Earth-to-orbit rocket. Mars-to-orbit launch can also be achieved in single stage. Despite this, landing an ascent rocket on Mars will be difficult. Reentry for a large rocket will be difficult. In 2014 NASA proposed the Mars Ecopoiesis Test Bed. One of the medical supplies that might be needed is a considerable mass of intravenous fluid, which is mainly water but contains","title":"Human mission to Mars"},{"docid":"8609615","text":"Medium Earth orbit Medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), is the region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit (altitude of above sea level) and below geostationary orbit (altitude of above sea level). The most common use for satellites in this region is for navigation, communication, and geodetic/space environment science. The most common altitude is approximately ), which yields an orbital period of 12 hours, as used, for example, by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Other satellites in medium Earth orbit include Glonass (with an altitude of ) and Galileo (with an altitude of )","title":"Medium Earth orbit"},{"docid":"4970541","text":"those of Earth — after all, the two ecliptic planes only have a mutual inclination of 1.85° — but on Mars, the Sun spends 6 days in the constellation Cetus, leaving and re-entering Pisces as it does so, making a total of 14 zodiacal constellations. The equinoxes and solstices are different as well: for the northern hemisphere, vernal equinox is in Ophiuchus (compared to Pisces on Earth), summer solstice is at the border of Aquarius and Pisces, autumnal equinox is in Taurus, and winter solstice is in Virgo. As on Earth, precession will cause the solstices and equinoxes to cycle","title":"Astronomy on Mars"},{"docid":"518391","text":"Mars). The geocentric gravitational constant \"GM\" (which is \"μ\") for Mars has the value of 42,828 kms, and the known rotational period (\"T\") of Mars is 88,642.66 seconds. Since \"ω\" = 2/\"T\", using the formula above, the value of \"ω\" is found to be approx 7.088218×10 s. Thus \"r\" = 8.5243×10 km, whose cube root is 20,427 km (the orbital radius); subtracting the equatorial radius of Mars (3396.2 km) gives the orbital altitude of 17,031 km. Orbital speed of a Mars geostationary orbit can be calculated as for Earth above: formula_10 Geostationary orbit A geostationary orbit, often referred to as","title":"Geostationary orbit"},{"docid":"16885814","text":"the lander out of Earth orbit to Mars, where it would land, collect samples, and separate for return, with a stage returning to Mars orbit to rendezvous with a return spacecraft delivered by another Proton. The return craft was originally to dock with a station in Earth orbit, though in the final design, which was completed in January 1976, had it travel directly to Earth after sterilizing the samples via heat. To save weight, the return craft would crash land on earth without parachutes, and would be located via a radioactive beacon. Though the Soviet government approved the mission, and","title":"Mars 5M"},{"docid":"8609616","text":"constellations. Communications satellites that cover the North and South Pole are also put in MEO. The orbital periods of MEO satellites range from about 2 to nearly 24 hours. Telstar 1, an experimental satellite launched in 1962, orbited in MEO. The orbit is home to a number of artificial satellites. Medium Earth orbit Medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), is the region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit (altitude of above sea level) and below geostationary orbit (altitude of above sea level). The most common use for satellites in this region is for navigation,","title":"Medium Earth orbit"},{"docid":"398683","text":"Company, which was a concept for an expendable booster stage which could deliver a payload to orbit in one stage. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO design was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was designed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to lift up to 2000 short tons into Earth orbit, intended for missions to further out locations in the solar system such as Mars. The North American Air Augmented VTOVL from","title":"Single-stage-to-orbit"},{"docid":"13519957","text":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"docid":"13519959","text":"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \"Duotones\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"docid":"3609983","text":"passage for equatorial latitudes is around noon or midnight, and the dawn/dusk orbit, where the local mean solar time of passage for equatorial latitudes is around sunrise or sunset, so that the satellite rides the terminator between day and night. Riding the terminator is useful for active radar satellites, as the satellites' solar panels can always see the Sun, without being shadowed by the Earth. It is also useful for some satellites with passive instruments that need to limit the Sun's influence on the measurements, as it is possible to always point the instruments towards the night side of the","title":"Sun-synchronous orbit"},{"docid":"870460","text":"Mars 2MV-4 No.1 Mars 2MV-4 No.1 also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars, and transmit images of the planet back to Earth. Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit. It was the first of two Mars 2MV-4 spacecraft to be launched, the other being the Mars 1 spacecraft which was launched eight days later. With the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolding, the USSR spacecraft \"Mars 2MV-4","title":"Mars 2MV-4 No.1"},{"docid":"3776561","text":"but it is of interest to some scientists foreseeing a future telecommunications network for the exploration of Mars. An asteroid or station placed in areostationary orbit could also be used to construct a Martian space elevator for use in transfers between the surface of Mars and orbit. Orbital speed (how fast a satellite is moving through space) is calculated by multiplying the angular speed of the satellite by the orbital radius: By this formula one can find the geostationary-analogous orbit of an object in relation to a given body, in this case, Mars (this type of orbit above is referred","title":"Areostationary orbit"},{"docid":"10352696","text":"a similar mission in English in the book \"The Conquest of Space\" (1949), featuring illustrations by Chesley Bonestell. Von Braun's Mars project envisioned nearly a thousand three-stage vehicles launching from Earth to ferry parts for the Mars mission to be constructed at a space station in Earth orbit. The mission itself featured a fleet of ten spacecraft with a combined crew of 70 heading to Mars, bringing three winged surface excursion ships that would land horizontally on the surface of Mars. (Winged landing was considered possible because at the time of his proposal, the Martian atmosphere was believed to be","title":"Human mission to Mars"},{"docid":"12303151","text":"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \"Voodoo\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"12303116","text":"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \"Voodoo\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"251071","text":"first few minutes on the Martian surface. \"Odyssey\" also acts as a relay for UHF radio signals from the (MSL) rover \"Curiosity\". Because \"Odyssey\" is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, it consistently passes over \"Curiosity\"s location at the same two times every day, allowing for convenient scheduling of contact with Earth. 2001 Mars Odyssey 2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence","title":"2001 Mars Odyssey"},{"docid":"20567647","text":"back on Earth after launch. In December 2017, Musk tweeted that the dummy payload on the maiden Falcon Heavy launch would be his personal midnight cherry Tesla Roadster playing David Bowie's \"Life on Mars\", and that it would be launched into an orbit around the Sun that will take it as far out as Mars' orbit. He released pictures in the following days. The car has three cameras attached that provided \"epic views\". On December 28, 2017, the Falcon Heavy was moved to the launch pad in preparation of a static fire test of all 27 engines, which was expected","title":"Falcon Heavy test flight"},{"docid":"11514107","text":"How Does It Feel to Be Loved? How Does It Feel to Be Loved? (often abbreviated to HDIF) is a London-based nightclub which predominately plays indie pop, Northern Soul and Motown music. On the club's website, founder Ian Watson explains: \"We love pop, we love guitars that jangle, we love foot stomping melodies and huge choruses.\" The club's name is taken from the lyrics to The Velvet Underground song \"Beginning to See the Light\". Watson, a former \"Melody Maker\" journalist, began the night in April 2002 at The Buffalo Bar in Islington. HDIF takes place on the third Saturday of","title":"How Does It Feel to Be Loved?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"13826658\",\n \"text\": \"Mars orbit rendezvous Mars orbit rendezvous (MOR) is a space travel concept where two spacecraft meet up and/or dock in Mars orbit. For example, one vehicle takes off from Mars, such as a Martian ascent stage, and does a rendezvous in Mars orbit with another spacecraft. Applied to a Mars sample return or manned mission to Mars, it allows much less weight to be sent to the surface and back into orbit, because the fuel needed to travel back to Earth is not landed on the planet. It has also been proposed for unmanned Mars sample return plans. In one\",\n \"title\": \"Mars orbit rendezvous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192278\",\n \"text\": \"0.105 after about 24 millennia from now (and with perihelion distances a mere 1.3621 astronomical units). The orbit is at times near circular: it was 0.002 1.35 million years ago, and will be about 0.01 a million years into the future. The maximum eccentricity between those two minima is 0.12. Mars reaches opposition when there is a 180° difference between the geocentric longitudes of it and the Sun. At a time near opposition (within 8½ days) the Earth–Mars distance is as small as it will get during that 780-day synodic period. Every opposition has some significance because Mars is visible\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609985\",\n \"text\": \"rate. The plane of the orbit is not fixed in space relative to the distant stars, but rotates slowly about the Earth's axis. Typical Sun-synchronous orbits around Earth are about 600–800 km in altitude, with periods in the 96–100-minute range, and inclinations of around 98°. This is slightly retrograde compared to the direction of Earth's rotation: 0° represents an equatorial orbit, and 90° represents a polar orbit. Sun-synchronous orbits can happen around other oblate planets, such as Mars. A satellite around the almost spherical Venus, for example, will need an outside push to maintain a Sun-synchronous orbit. The angular precession\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9692772\",\n \"text\": \"time as Earth makes 15. In 1985, Buzz Aldrin presented an extension of his earlier Lunar cycler work which identified a Mars cycler corresponding to a single synodic period. The Aldrin cycler (as it is now known) makes a single eccentric loop around the Sun. It travels from Earth to Mars orbit in 146 days, spends the next 16 months beyond the orbit of Mars, and another 146 days from the Martian orbit back to Earth. The existence of the now-eponymous Aldrin Cycler was calculated and confirmed by scientists at Jet Propulsion Laboratory later that year, along with the VISIT-1\",\n \"title\": \"Mars cycler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17366306\",\n \"text\": \"is a story focused on the survival on Mars. Players take on the role of astronaut Mark Willis, one of the crew members in the first manned mission to Mars. Launched from Earth in 2028, the mission reaches Mars orbit a year later. However, during the descent into Mars' atmosphere, things go wrong, and connection to Earth is lost. When contact cannot be re-established, the crew is declared MIA. In \\\"Take On Mars\\\", the player operates a variety of Mars landers and rovers. The functions of the space vehicles are not fully accurate in order to make the simulation more\",\n \"title\": \"Take On Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1370499\",\n \"text\": \"planet. The delta-\\\"v\\\" needed is only 3.6 km/s, only about 0.4 km/s more than needed to escape Earth, even though this results in the spacecraft going 2.9 km/s faster than the Earth as it heads off for Mars (see table below). At the other end, the spacecraft will need a certain velocity to orbit Mars, which will actually be less than the velocity needed to continue orbiting the Sun in the transfer orbit, let alone attempting to orbit the Sun in a Mars-like orbit. Therefore, the spacecraft will have to decelerate in order for the gravity of Mars to capture\",\n \"title\": \"Hohmann transfer orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13826660\",\n \"text\": \"Mars flyby rendezvous was evaluated at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center in the 1960s. At that time NASA developed designs for a combination of a Mars lander, short-stay surface habitat, and ascent vehicle called a Mars Excursion Module (MEM); the ascent stage performed the rendezvous. Compared to MOR, a flyby rendezvous means one spacecraft does not have to orbit Mars. Mars orbit rendezvous was utilized in Austere Human Missions to Mars, a tweak of DRA 5.0. Mars orbit rendezvous Mars orbit rendezvous (MOR) is a space travel concept where two spacecraft meet up and/or dock in Mars orbit. For example, one\",\n \"title\": \"Mars orbit rendezvous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19095970\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \\\"What Does It Take\\\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \\\"Dinner and a Movie\\\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16490359\",\n \"text\": \"to perform space rendezvous in solar orbit and the time on Mars is constrained by the need to this. Mars cyclers orbit the Sun in such a way as to pass by Mars and the Earth on regular intervals, performing Mars flybys on regular intervals. The crews would live on the stations during the interplanetary voyages. The concept for Flyby Excursion Landing Module is that a lander and flyby would separate in solar orbit, the lander would accelerate to get to Mars first, then land on Mars meanwhile the other segment does a Mars flyby, then the lander takes off\",\n \"title\": \"Mars flyby\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13826659\",\n \"text\": \"mission proposal, MOR was planned for a Mars Descent-Ascent Vehicle (DAV) and Mars Transit Habitat, where a crew would transfer to the DAV after traveling to Mars on the habitat. This allowed the Mars DAV to be launched separately from the transit habitat, and without any crew. MOR is analogous to Lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) used on the United States NASA Apollo program missions to Earth's moon during 1969 to 1972, as opposed to Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) or Direct ascent. A related concept is a Mars flyby rendezvous, where spacecraft do not enter orbit but rendezvous near the planet.\",\n \"title\": \"Mars orbit rendezvous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352686\",\n \"text\": \"the cycle repeated. The next low-energy launch window occurs in 2033. Several types of mission plans have been proposed, such as the opposition class and conjunction class, or the Crocco flyby. The lowest energy transfer to Mars is a Hohmann transfer orbit; a mission to Mars using Hohmann transfer involves an approximately 9 month travel time from Earth to Mars, about five hundred days at Mars to wait for the transfer window to Earth, and a Hohmann transfer of about 9 months to return to Earth. Shorter Mars mission plans have round-trip flight times of 400 to 450 days, but\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8102507\",\n \"text\": \"associated with the lunar orbit. The sidereal month is the time it takes to make one complete orbit around Earth with respect to the fixed stars. It is about 27.32 days. The synodic month is the time it takes the Moon to reach the same visual phase. This varies notably throughout the year, but averages around 29.53 days. The synodic period is longer than the sidereal period because the Earth–Moon system moves in its orbit around the Sun during each sidereal month, hence a longer period is required to achieve a similar alignment of Earth, the Sun, and the Moon.\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of the Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19095972\",\n \"text\": \"to attack the cast and crew, along with himself. The cast fends off the kids, and its down to the boyfriend and Days. An audience member throws Dave his guitar. Dave blocks a hit from a sword the boyfriend is carrying, and knocks him to the ground by hitting him with the head of the guitar while doing a guitar flip. He then takes the sword he had and puts it to his neck while he is on the ground. The audience then claps, and Days and Lynn hug and wave to the crowd. What Does It Take (Dave Days\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192285\",\n \"text\": \"of the asteroid belt is of great concern to those requiring or attempting to provide the highest-accuracy ephemerides. No more than five significant figures are presented in the following table of Mars's orbital elements. To this level of precision, the numbers match very well the VSOP87 elements and calculations derived from them, as well as Standish's (of JPL) 250-year best fit, and calculations using the actual positions of Mars over time. Orbit of Mars Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million kilometers), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. The planet orbits the Sun in\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352688\",\n \"text\": \"Basically, a short stay lander-ascent vehicle would separate from a \\\"parent\\\" Earth-Mars transfer prior to its flyby of Mars. The Ascent-Descent lander would arrive sooner and either go into orbit around Mars or land, and depending on the design offer perhaps 10–30 days before it needed to launch itself back to the main transfer vehicle. (see also Mars flyby). Aerobraking at Mars was estimated in the 1980s to cut the mass of a Mars mission lifted off the Earth by half. As a result, Mars missions have designed interplanetary spacecraft and landers capable of aero-braking. When an expedition reaches the\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609986\",\n \"text\": \"per orbit for an orbit around an oblate planet is (equation 24 of the article Orbital perturbation analysis (spacecraft)) given by where An orbit will be Sun-synchronous when the precession rate equals the mean motion of the Earth about the Sun, which is 360° per sidereal year (), so we must set , where is the orbital period. As the orbital period of a spacecraft is (where is the semi-major axis of the orbit), and as for a circular or almost circular orbit, it follows that or when is 360° per year, As an example, for = (the spacecraft about\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14352526\",\n \"text\": \"1965. He envisioned an \\\"enormous scientific expedition\\\" involving a fleet of ten spacecraft with 70 crew members that would spend 443 days on the surface of Mars before returning to Earth. The spacecraft, seven passenger ships, and three cargo ships, would all be assembled in Earth orbit using materials supplied by reusable space shuttles. The fleet would use a nitric acid/hydrazine propellant that, although corrosive and toxic, could be stored without refrigeration during the three-year round-trip to Mars. Von Braun calculated the size and weight of each ship, and how much fuel each of them would require for the round\",\n \"title\": \"The Mars Project\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7346664\",\n \"text\": \"Ariane 5 flight VA241. However, due to launch crew error resulting in anomaly and a deviation of the trajectory, the satellites were not inserted into the intended orbit, causing a reschedule of their maneuvering plan. Most natural satellites in the Solar System are in supersynchronous orbits. The Moon is in a supersynchronous orbit of Earth, orbiting more slowly than the 24-hour rotational period of Earth. The inner of the two Martian moons, Phobos, is in a subsynchronous orbit of Mars with an orbital period of only 0.32 days. The outer moon Deimos is in supersynchronous orbit around Mars. The Mars\",\n \"title\": \"Supersynchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192279\",\n \"text\": \"from Earth all night, high and fully lit, but the ones of special interest happen when Mars is near perihelion, because this is when Mars is also nearest to Earth. One perihelic opposition is followed by another either 15 or 17 years later. In fact every opposition is followed by a similar one 7 or 8 synodic periods later, and by a very similar one 37 synodic periods (79 years) later. In the so-called perihelic opposition Mars is closest to the Sun and is particularly close to Earth: Oppositions range from about 0.68 AU when Mars is near aphelion to\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3245414\",\n \"text\": \"Transit of Earth from Mars A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Earth would be visible from Mars as a small black disc moving across the face of the Sun. They occur every 26, 79 and 100 years, and every 1,000 years or so there is an extra 53rd-year transit. Transits of Earth from Mars usually occur in pairs, with one following the other after 79 years;\",\n \"title\": \"Transit of Earth from Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4121368\",\n \"text\": \"no repeated looping: each one traces a full horseshoe with respect to the other). The following explanation relates to an asteroid which is in such an orbit around the Sun, and is also affected by the Earth. The asteroid is in almost the same solar orbit as Earth. Both take approximately one year to orbit the Sun. It is also necessary to grasp two rules of orbit dynamics: The horseshoe orbit arises because the gravitational attraction of the Earth changes the shape of the elliptical orbit of the asteroid. The shape changes are very small but result in significant changes\",\n \"title\": \"Horseshoe orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609990\",\n \"text\": \"causes. Earth observation satellites, in particular, prefer orbits with constant altitude when passing over the same spot. Careful selection of eccentricity and location of perigee reveals specific combinations where the perturbations largely cancel and hence the orbit is relatively stable – a frozen orbit. The ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat of European Space Agency, as well as the MetOp spacecraft of EUMETSAT, are all operated in such Sun-synchronous frozen orbits. Sun-synchronous orbit A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO, also called a heliosynchronous orbit) is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20084385\",\n \"text\": \"the Beast\\\"; the others are \\\"Evermore\\\", \\\"Aria\\\", and \\\"How Does a Moment Last Forever\\\". Menken said he only wanted to create more material for the remake if \\\"it fe[lt] organic to the medium\\\". David Hoberman, who produced the 2017 film, thought \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" would earn Menken his ninth Academy Award for Best Original Song. A preview of \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" was released on February 17, 2017, along with a portion of Emma Thompson's performance of the 1991 song \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\". \\\"Days in the Sun\\\" was considered for release as a single but director Bill Condon\",\n \"title\": \"Days in the Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3542842\",\n \"text\": \"Earth's orbit All celestial bodies in the Solar System, including planets such as our own, orbit around the Solar System's centre of mass. The sun makes up 99.76% of this mass which is why the centre of mass is extremely close to the sun. Earth's orbit is the trajectory along which Earth travels around the Sun. The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.0167.\",\n \"title\": \"Earth's orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609984\",\n \"text\": \"Earth. The dawn/dusk orbit has been used for solar-observing scientific satellites such as Yohkoh, TRACE, Hinode and PROBA2, affording them a nearly continuous view of the Sun. A Sun-synchronous orbit is achieved by having the osculating orbital plane precess (rotate) approximately one degree eastward each day with respect to the celestial sphere to keep pace with the Earth's movement around the Sun. This precession is achieved by tuning the inclination to the altitude of the orbit (see Technical details) such that Earth's equatorial bulge, which perturbs inclined orbits, causes the orbital plane of the spacecraft to precess with the desired\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14985610\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"effective, almost ballad-like, single\\\" with \\\"effective vocals and tight licks\\\". In a review of the \\\"Slade in Flame\\\" album, \\\"Record Mirror\\\" said: \\\"\\\"How Does It Feel\\\" has a slower relaxed beat with grasping dramatic vocals delivered with as much feeling as Sir Larry's \\\"Richard III\\\".\\\" \\\"Disc\\\" said: \\\"For once Noddy's voice is allowed to take almost total precedence and the result is a poignant and unusual number.\\\" In a retrospective review of the album, Geoff Ginsberg of AllMusic commented: \\\"From the opening number, \\\"How Does It Feel,\\\" Slade sets a different tone\\\". How Does It Feel (Slade song) \\\"How Does\",\n \"title\": \"How Does It Feel (Slade song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609987\",\n \"text\": \"800 km over the Earth surface) one gets with this formula a Sun-synchronous inclination of 98.696°. Note that according to this approximation equals −1 when the semi-major axis equals , which means that only smaller orbits can be Sun-synchronous. The period can be in the range from 88 minutes for a very low orbit ( = , = 96°) to 3.8 hours ( = , but this orbit would be equatorial with = 180°). A period longer than 3.8 hours may be possible by using an eccentric orbit with < but > . If one wants a satellite to fly\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609988\",\n \"text\": \"over some given spot on Earth every day at the same hour, it can do between 7 and 16 orbits per day, as shown in the following table. (The table has been calculated assuming the periods given. The orbital period that should be used is actually slightly longer. For instance, a retrograde equatorial orbit that passes over the same spot after 24 hours has a true period about ≈ 1.0027 times longer than the time between overpasses. For non-equatorial orbits the factor is closer to 1.) When one says that a Sun-synchronous orbit goes over a spot on the Earth\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17356365\",\n \"text\": \"be capable of transporting up to of cargo and passengers per trip to Mars, with on-orbit propellant refill before the beyond-Earth-orbit part of the journey. Early flights to Mars are expected to carry mostly equipment and few people. The transport capacity of the 2016 spaceship from low Earth orbit to a Mars trajectory—with a trans-Mars trajectory insertion energy gain of and full propellant tanks—was projected to be to Mars orbit, or landed on the surface with retropropulsive landing. SpaceX estimated Earth-Mars transit times to vary between 80–150 days, depending on particular planetary alignments during the nine discrete 2020–2037 mission opportunities,\",\n \"title\": \"SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16490358\",\n \"text\": \"by. This would mean the ascent stage of the lander to reach the speed necessary equal to that of the spacecraft flying by, but the resources needed for Earth return would not have to enter or leave Mars orbit. The spacecraft they live in on the journey to Mars does the flyby, but the crew separates and goes into a lander. The Excursion module's ascent stage must rejoin the main spacecraft before it gets too far away. An advantage is that the resources needed for Earth return don't have to enter and leave Mars orbit, but the ascent stage has\",\n \"title\": \"Mars flyby\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10864858\",\n \"text\": \"Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars The Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM) is a mission concept for a Mars air and dust sample return. It was a semi-finalist at the Mars Scout Program along with four other missions in December 2002. The SCIM mission would be designed to skim through the Mars atmosphere without landing or entering orbit. It would collect samples in an aerogel and take them back to Earth on a free-return trajectory. The success of fellow Discovery program mission \\\"Stardust\\\" was noted as supporting future sample return missions, and in particular supporting the SCIM concept.\",\n \"title\": \"Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13116380\",\n \"text\": \"Ice ages on Mars are very different from the ones that the Earth experiences. Ice ages are driven by changes in Mars's orbit and tilt —also known as obliquity. Orbital calculations show that Mars wobbles on its axis far more than Earth does. The Earth is stabilized by its proportionally large moon, so it only wobbles a few degrees. Mars may change its tilt by many tens of degrees. When this obliquity is high, its poles get much more direct sunlight and heat; this causes the ice caps to warm and become smaller as ice sublimes. Adding to the variability\",\n \"title\": \"Water on Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352719\",\n \"text\": \"the risks and can be undertaken before 2030. In 2012, a conceptual architecture was published by Boeing, United Launch Alliance, and RAL Space in England, laying out a possible design for a crewed Mars mission. Components of the architecture include various spacecraft for the Earth-to-Mars journey, landing, and surface stay as well as return. Some features include several uncrewed cargo landers assembled into a base on the surface of Mars. The crew would land at this base in the \\\"Mars Personnel Lander\\\", which could also take them back into Mars orbit. The design for the crewed interplanetary spacecraft included artificial\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3245420\",\n \"text\": \"on 26 October 664, and the next transit of this type will occur on 14 December 5934. The simultaneous occurrence of a transit of Venus and a transit of Earth is extremely rare, and will next occur in the year 571,471. Transit of Earth from Mars A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars. During a transit, Earth would be visible from Mars as a small black disc moving across the\",\n \"title\": \"Transit of Earth from Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11281342\",\n \"text\": \"are sufficiently smaller than that of the Sun; thus, their partial \\\"eclipses\\\" of the Sun are best considered transits (see transit of Deimos and Phobos from Mars). Transits of Mercury and Venus have been observed from Mars. A transit of Earth will be seen from Mars on November 10, 2084. On October 19, 2014, Comet Siding Spring passed extremely close to Mars, so close that the coma may have enveloped Mars. The mean apparent magnitude of Mars is +0.71 with a standard deviation of 1.05. Because the orbit of Mars is eccentric, the magnitude at opposition from the Sun can\",\n \"title\": \"Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18192281\",\n \"text\": \"a German astronomer, it was believed, or assumed, that planets traveled in circular orbits around the Sun. When Kepler studied Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe's careful observations of Mars's position in the sky on many nights, Kepler realized that Mars's orbit could not be a circle. After considerable analysis, Kepler discovered that Mars's orbit was an ellipse, with the Sun occupying one of the elliptical orbit's two focal points. This, in turn, led to Kepler's discovery that all planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one of the two focal points. This became the first of Kepler's\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352689\",\n \"text\": \"orbit of Mars, it may drop into orbit around Mars by either of two main options: using rockets to slow down, or aerocapture. The same is true for missions to the surface. The state of the atmosphere, the altitude, and the properties of the landing site must come into consideration for a surface landing. It may be necessary to avoid a scientifically interesting site in the interest of safe touchdown. Aerocapture at Mars for human missions was studied in the 20th century. In a review of 93 Mars studies 24 used aerocapture for Mars or Earth return. One of the\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2253689\",\n \"text\": \"time. To keep the same local time on a given pass, the time period of the orbit must be kept as short as possible, this is achieved by keeping the orbit lower around Earth. However, very low orbits of a few hundred kilometers rapidly decay due to drag from the atmosphere. Commonly used altitudes are between 700 and 800 km, producing an orbital period of about 100 minutes. The half-orbit on the Sun side then takes only 50 minutes, during which local time of day does not vary greatly. To retain the Sun-synchronous orbit as Earth revolves around the Sun\",\n \"title\": \"Polar orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"977009\",\n \"text\": \"However, Mars 4 failed to enter orbit, and Mars 5 failed after a few days in orbit. Mars 7 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24. The launch occurred at 17:00:17 UTC on 9 August 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 7 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars. The spacecraft performed a course correction on 16 August 1973. Mars 7's lander separated from the flyby bus on 9\",\n \"title\": \"Mars 7\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"361701\",\n \"text\": \"gradual motion of the aphelion of the \\\"Earth's\\\" orbit). Ibn Yunus observed more than 10,000 entries for the Sun's position for many years using a large astrolabe. From an observation of a transit of Venus in 1032, the Persian astronomer and polymath Avicenna concluded that Venus is closer to Earth than the Sun. In 1672 Giovanni Cassini and Jean Richer determined the distance to Mars and were thereby able to calculate the distance to the Sun. In 1666, Isaac Newton observed the Sun's light using a prism, and showed that it is made up of light of many colors. In\",\n \"title\": \"Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9692771\",\n \"text\": \"on a regular basis. Once the orbit is established, no propulsion is required to shuttle between the two bodies on a regular basis, although some minor corrections may be necessary due to small perturbations in the orbit. The use of cyclers was considered in 1969 by Walter M. Hollister, who examined the case of an Earth-Venus cycler. Cycler trajectories between Earth and Mars occur in whole-number multiples of the synodic period between the two planets, which is about 2.135 Earth years. A Martian year is 1.8808 Earth years, so Mars makes eight orbits of the Sun in about the same\",\n \"title\": \"Mars cycler\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"578334\",\n \"text\": \"3753 Cruithne 3753 Cruithne ( , ) is a Q-type, Aten asteroid in orbit around the Sun in 1:1 orbital resonance with Earth, making it a co-orbital object. It is an asteroid that, relative to Earth, orbits the Sun in a bean-shaped orbit that effectively describes a horseshoe, and that can change into a quasi-satellite orbit. Cruithne does not orbit Earth and at times it is on the other side of the Sun, placing Cruithne well outside of Earth's Hill sphere. Its orbit takes it inside the orbit of Mercury and outside the orbit of Mars. Cruithne orbits the Sun\",\n \"title\": \"3753 Cruithne\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609989\",\n \"text\": \"at the same \\\"local time\\\" each time, this refers to mean solar time, not to apparent solar time. The Sun will not be in exactly the same position in the sky during the course of the year (see Equation of time and Analemma). Sun-synchronous orbits are mostly selected for Earth observation satellites, with an altitude typically between 600 and over the Earth surface. Even if an orbit remains Sun-synchronous, however, other orbital parameters such as argument of periapsis and the orbital eccentricity will evolve, due to higher order perturbations in the Earth's gravitational field, the pressure of sunlight, and other\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609981\",\n \"text\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO, also called a heliosynchronous orbit) is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time. More technically, it is an orbit arranged so that it precesses through one complete revolution each year, so it always maintains the same relationship with the Sun. A Sun-synchronous orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight, which allows the solar panels to work continually. This orbit is also useful for imaging, spy, and weather satellites, because every time that the\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11281322\",\n \"text\": \"For the last 35,000 years, the orbit of Mars has been getting slightly more eccentric because of the gravitational effects of the other planets. The closest distance between Earth and Mars will continue to mildly decrease for the next 25,000 years. The current understanding of planetary habitability—the ability of a world to develop environmental conditions favorable to the emergence of life—favors planets that have liquid water on their surface. Most often this requires the orbit of a planet to lie within the habitable zone, which for the Sun extends from just beyond Venus to about the semi-major axis of Mars.\",\n \"title\": \"Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16567911\",\n \"text\": \"before arrival at Mars) and a lander (see \\\"Human Lander\\\" below). In 2012, Mars One speculated that the Transit Living Module could potentially be designed and built by Thales Alenia Space. A concept study was produced by Lockheed Martin for a demonstration lander based on the 2008 \\\"Phoenix\\\" lander. In December 2013 Mars One awarded a contract to Surrey Satellite Technology for a study of the satellite technology required to provide 24/7 communication between Earth and the Mars base. Mars One proposed at least two satellites, one in areostationary orbit above Mars and a second at the Earth – Sun\",\n \"title\": \"Mars One\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8102490\",\n \"text\": \"Orbit of the Moon The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution relative to the stars in about 27.32 days (a sidereal month) and one revolution relative to the Sun in about 29.53 days (a synodic month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycenter (common center of mass), which lies about from Earth's center (about of the radius of Earth). On average, the distance to the Moon is about from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii. With a mean orbital velocity of 1.022 km/s (0.635 miles/s), the Moon covers a distance approximately\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of the Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628333\",\n \"text\": \"L3\\\" Lagrangian point (see diagram), would mean the combined gravitational pull of the two large masses of Earth and Sun would provide \\\"precisely the centripetal force required to orbit with them\\\". But a small planet would be even more influenced by the orbit of Venus, Mars and Jupiter, making it even more unstable. Any planetary sized body 180 degrees from Earth should also have been visible to some space probes, such as NASA's STEREO coronagraph probes (two spacecraft launched into orbits around the Sun in 2006, one farther ahead of and one behind the Earth's orbit) which would have seen\",\n \"title\": \"Counter-Earth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14432149\",\n \"text\": \"stars. While planets have been discovered orbiting similar stars to the Sun, most are gas giant or super-Earth sized, and many of these planetary systems have shown to be surprisingly different from our own. This measure is not entirely reliable as Mars and Venus also orbit the Sun but have different compositions and properties. The concept of the habitable zone (or Liquid Water Zone) defining a region where water can exist on the surface, is based on the properties of both the Earth and Sun. Under this model, Earth orbits roughly at the centre of this zone or in the\",\n \"title\": \"Earth analog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"977004\",\n \"text\": \"traps, cosmic ray and micrometeoroid detectors, and an instrument to study proton and electron fluxes from the Sun. Built by Lavochkin, Mars 6 was the first of two 3MP spacecraft launched to Mars in 1973 and was followed by Mars 7. Two orbiters, Mars 4 and Mars 5, were launched earlier in the 1973 Mars launch window and were expected to relay data for the two landers. However, Mars 4 failed to enter orbit, and Mars 5 failed after a few days in orbit. Mars 6 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying\",\n \"title\": \"Mars 6\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"111130\",\n \"text\": \"that it formed from the collision of a Mars-size protoplanet called Theia with the early Earth. This hypothesis explains (among other things) the Moon's relative lack of iron and volatile elements and the fact that its composition is nearly identical to that of Earth's crust. Earth has at least five co-orbital asteroids, including 3753 Cruithne and . A trojan asteroid companion, , is librating around the leading Lagrange triangular point, L4, in the Earth's orbit around the Sun. The tiny near-Earth asteroid makes close approaches to the Earth–Moon system roughly every twenty years. During these approaches, it can orbit Earth\",\n \"title\": \"Earth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4121375\",\n \"text\": \"tadpole orbits and can be explained in a similar way, except that the asteroid's distance from the Earth does not oscillate as far as the point on the other side of the Sun. As it moves closer to or farther from the Earth, the changing pull of Earth's gravitational field causes it to accelerate or decelerate, causing a change in its orbit known as libration. An example of a body in a tadpole orbit is Polydeuces, a small moon of Saturn which librates around the trailing point relative to a larger moon, Dione. In relation to the orbit of Earth,\",\n \"title\": \"Horseshoe orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17831976\",\n \"text\": \"in the habitat supported by the power and logistics module. After finishing their research they use the ascent vehicle to return to the Mars Transit Habitat, see also Mars Orbit Rendezvous. It brings them back to earth orbit, from where they return to the surface with the CEV. Austere Human Missions to Mars Austere Human Missions to Mars is a concept for a human mission to Mars by the United States space agency, NASA. Released in 2009, it proposed a modified and even less costly version of Design Reference Architecture (DRA) 5.0, itself a combination of nearly 20 years of\",\n \"title\": \"Austere Human Missions to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"251060\",\n \"text\": \"It also acts as a relay for communications between the Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory, and previously the \\\"Phoenix\\\" lander to Earth. The mission was named as a tribute to Arthur C. Clarke, evoking the name of \\\"\\\". \\\"Odyssey\\\" was launched April 7, 2001, on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and reached Mars orbit on October 24, 2001, at 02:30 UTC (October 23, 19:30 PDT, 22:30 EDT). By December 15, 2010, it broke the record for longest serving spacecraft at Mars, with 3,340 days of operation. It is currently in a polar orbit around\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Mars Odyssey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2426075\",\n \"text\": \"to this mission in any case. Back-contamination – humans acquiring and spreading Martian viruses – is described as \\\"just plain nuts\\\", because there are no host organisms on Mars for disease organisms to have evolved. In the same chapter, Zubrin decisively denounces and rejects suggestions that the Moon should be used as waypoint to Mars or as a training area. It is ultimately much easier to journey to Mars from low Earth orbit than from the moon and using the latter as a staging point is a pointless diversion of resources. While the Moon may superficially appear a good place\",\n \"title\": \"The Case for Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4268505\",\n \"text\": \"Earth orbit rendezvous Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) is a potential methodology for conducting round trip human flights to the Moon, involving the use of space rendezvous to assemble, and possibly fuel, components of a translunar vehicle in low Earth orbit. It was considered and ultimately rejected in favor of lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) for NASA's Apollo Program of the 1960s and 1970s. Three decades later, it was planned to be used for Project Constellation, until that program’s cancellation in October 2010. The Agena target vehicle (ATV) was used for testing Earth orbit rendezvous in the NASA Gemini Program. Gemini 6\",\n \"title\": \"Earth orbit rendezvous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303128\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" entered the Hot 100 Singles at number 77 and spent 17 weeks on the chart. The song was well received by music critics. Miles Marshall Lewis of \\\"The Village Voice\\\" commented on its Prince influence, stating \\\"D's falsetto plays the \\\"Do Me Baby\\\"-era chocolate-seduction Prince role\\\", while Mark Anthony Neal of PopMatters described the song as \\\"simply the best Prince song since his \\\"Diamonds and Pearls\\\" days\\\". Neal cited \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" as the best track featured on \\\"Voodoo\\\", and praised D'Angelo's style, stating \\\"arguably Prince has never sounded better channeled through D'Angelo.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"361720\",\n \"text\": \"Ultraviolet light is strongly attenuated by Earth's ozone layer, so that the amount of UV varies greatly with latitude and has been partially responsible for many biological adaptations, including variations in human skin color in different regions of the Earth. The Sun has eight known planets. This includes four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). The Solar System also has at least five dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, numerous comets, and a large number of icy bodies which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Sun The\",\n \"title\": \"Sun\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4268508\",\n \"text\": \"EDS and Altair would be met by the separately launched Orion (CEV). Once joined in low Earth orbit, the three would then travel out to the Moon and the Orion/Altair combination would fly a lunar orbit rendezvous flight pattern. Earth orbit rendezvous Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) is a potential methodology for conducting round trip human flights to the Moon, involving the use of space rendezvous to assemble, and possibly fuel, components of a translunar vehicle in low Earth orbit. It was considered and ultimately rejected in favor of lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) for NASA's Apollo Program of the 1960s and\",\n \"title\": \"Earth orbit rendezvous\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3245418\",\n \"text\": \"result). Much more recently, better measurements of the oblateness of Mars have been made by using radar from the Earth. Also, better measurements have been made by using artificial satellites that have been put into orbit around Mars, including \\\"Mariner 9\\\", \\\"Viking 1\\\", \\\"Viking 2\\\", and Soviet orbiters, and the more recent orbiters that have been sent from the Earth to Mars. A science fiction short story published in 1971 by Arthur C. Clarke, called \\\"Transit of Earth\\\", depicts a doomed astronaut on Mars observing the transit in 1984. This short story was first published in the January 1971 issue\",\n \"title\": \"Transit of Earth from Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20440163\",\n \"text\": \"to deploy and commission the geophysical science instruments. It will then begin its mission of observing Mars, which is planned to last for two years. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun; it is about 1/2 size of Earth with 1/3 the gravity, and orbits between about 1.3 to 1.7 Earth-Sun distances. It has an almost 25-hour day, and has a 2-year orbit of the Sun for its year. Flybys and landings to gather scientific data about Mars have been conducted since the 1960s, but quality seismological studies – which would provide detailed information about the interior of Mars\",\n \"title\": \"Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20688278\",\n \"text\": \"by the press. Other neologisms include \\\"tosol\\\" (for \\\"today\\\" on Mars), as well as one of three Mars versions of \\\"tomorrow\\\": \\\"nextersol\\\", \\\"morrowsol\\\", or \\\"solmorrow\\\". NASA planners coined the term \\\"soliday\\\" at least as far back as 2012 to refer to days off due to time phasing or the synching of planetary schedules. Considering a possible colonization of Mars, one question that arose was \\\"how does one convert a Sol to standard Earth time?\\\" In the science fiction series \\\"Mars trilogy\\\" by Kim Stanley Robinson, the Mars settlers use traditional Earth watches that stop ticking at midnight for 39 minutes\",\n \"title\": \"Sol (day on Mars)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17366309\",\n \"text\": \"that are accessible to any user. There are four prominent aspects of the game. The story is inspired by Andy Weir's The Martian. The game is set in 2028 when a manned mission is sent to Mars. Player takes control of Mark Willis a member of the crew. Expedition suffers an accident and the crew dies. Willis is the sole survivor on Mars surface without any contact with Earth. He has to survive and find a way home. The early access phase of Take On Mars allows users to help Bohemia Interactive create new content and fix many bugs the\",\n \"title\": \"Take On Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3245419\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Playboy\\\" magazine. Sometimes Earth only grazes the Sun during a transit. In this case it is possible that in some areas of Mars a full transit can be seen while in other regions there is only a partial transit (no second or third contact). The last transit of this type was on 30 April 1211, and the next such transit will occur on 27 November 4356. It is also possible that a transit of Earth can be seen in some parts of Mars as a partial transit, while in others Earth misses the Sun. Such a transit last occurred\",\n \"title\": \"Transit of Earth from Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4121371\",\n \"text\": \"viewed relative to the Earth. Its orbit around the Sun still takes only slightly more than one Earth year. Given enough time, the Earth and the satellite will be on opposite sides of the Sun. Eventually the satellite comes around to point D where Earth's gravity is now reducing the satellite's orbital velocity. This causes it to fall into a lower orbit, which actually increases the angular speed of the satellite around the Sun. This continues until point E where the satellite's orbit is now lower and faster than Earth's orbit, and it begins moving out ahead of Earth. Over\",\n \"title\": \"Horseshoe orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8102497\",\n \"text\": \"called the \\\"draconic\\\" or \\\"draconitic month\\\". The line of nodes, the intersection between the two respective planes, has a retrograde motion: for an observer on Earth, it rotates westward along the ecliptic with a period of 18.60 years or 19.3549° per year. When viewed from the celestial north, the nodes move clockwise around Earth, opposite to Earth's own spin and its revolution around the Sun. Lunar and solar eclipses can occur when the nodes align with the Sun, roughly every 173.3 days. Lunar orbit inclination also determines eclipses; shadows cross when nodes coincide with full and new moon when the\",\n \"title\": \"Orbit of the Moon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14041012\",\n \"text\": \"or as a preliminary training area. \\\"It is ultimately much easier to journey to Mars from low Earth orbit than from the Moon and using the latter as a staging point is a pointless diversion of resources.\\\" While the Moon may superficially appear a good place to perfect Mars exploration and habitation techniques, the two bodies are radically different. The Moon has no atmosphere, no analogous geology and a much greater temperature range and rotational period of illumination. It is argued Antarctica, deserts of Earth, and precisely controlled chilled vacuum chambers on easily accessible NASA centers on Earth provide much\",\n \"title\": \"Mars to Stay\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"867542\",\n \"text\": \"would maintain the orientation of the instruments, towards Mars. The chosen orbit was also sun-synchronous, allowing the daylit side of Mars to always be captured during the mid-afternoon of each Martian Sol. While some instruments could provide a real-time data link when Earth was in view of the spacecraft, data would also be recorded to the digital tape recorders and played back to Earth each day. Over 75 gigabytes of scientific data was expected to be yielded during the primary mission, much more than any previous mission to Mars. The end of the operable life for the spacecraft was expected\",\n \"title\": \"Mars Observer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7346665\",\n \"text\": \"Orbiter Mission—currently orbiting Mars—is placed into highly elliptical supersynchronous orbit around Mars, with a period of 76.7 hours and a planned periapsis of and apoapsis of . Supersynchronous orbit A supersynchronous orbit is either an orbit with a period greater than that of a synchronous orbit, or just an orbit whose apoapsis (apogee in the case of the earth) is higher than that of a synchronous orbit. A synchronous orbit has a period equal to the rotational period of the body which contains the barycenter of the orbit. One particular supersynchronous orbital regime of significant economic value to Earth commerce\",\n \"title\": \"Supersynchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"111108\",\n \"text\": \"hours. Due to this motion, on average it takes 24 hours—a solar day—for Earth to complete a full rotation about its axis so that the Sun returns to the meridian. The orbital speed of Earth averages about , which is fast enough to travel a distance equal to Earth's diameter, about , in seven minutes, and the distance to the Moon, , in about 3.5 hours. The Moon and Earth orbit a common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month, from\",\n \"title\": \"Earth\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9939444\",\n \"text\": \", and also the Genesis mission collecting solar particles at . On 14 May 2009, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched into space the Herschel and Planck observatories, both of which use Lissajous orbits at Sun–Earth . ESA's current Gaia mission also uses a Lissajous orbit at Sun–Earth . In 2011, NASA transferred two of its THEMIS spacecraft from Earth orbit to Lunar orbit by way of Earth-Moon and Lissajous orbits. China's lunar orbiter Chang'e 2 left lunar orbit on June 8, 2011 and was placed in a Lissajous orbit at Earth-Sun until mid-2012 prior to leaving Earth orbit entirely\",\n \"title\": \"Lissajous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"579696\",\n \"text\": \"filings. This orbit, referred to as \\\"VLEO\\\", requires the use of novel technologies for orbit raising because they operate in orbits that would ordinarily decay too soon to be economically useful. A low Earth orbit requires the lowest amount of energy for satellite placement. It provides high bandwidth and low communication latency. Satellites and space stations in LEO are more accessible for crew and servicing. Since it requires less energy to place a satellite into a LEO, and a satellite there needs less powerful amplifiers for successful transmission, LEO is used for many communication applications, such as the Iridium phone\",\n \"title\": \"Low Earth orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10959987\",\n \"text\": \"Gate orbit Gate orbits are optimal circular departure orbits for transfer from one planet to another. At certain specific orbits around a cosmic body, the additional delta-\\\"v\\\" required to go from orbital velocity to hyperbolic trajectory for an interplanetary transfer, is minimal. Gate orbits can therefore be very useful for minimising the delta-\\\"v\\\" budget for an interplanetary trip. For example, the required delta-\\\"v\\\" for a Hohmann transfer orbit from the Earth to Mars (considering Earth at 1 AU and Mars at 1.52 AU) is 2.94 km/s. To reach 2.94 km/s at infinity from a low Earth orbit at, say 200\",\n \"title\": \"Gate orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16691769\",\n \"text\": \"the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC on 5 November 2013. The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013. The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC). After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was inserted into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. The mission is a \\\"technology demonstrator\\\" project to develop the technologies for\",\n \"title\": \"Mars Orbiter Mission\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17323989\",\n \"text\": \"months (1,378 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.57 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. The \\\"Earth minimum orbit intersection distance\\\" with the orbit of the asteroid is , which translates into 13.4 lunar distances. As with many members of the Amor group, this asteroid has an aphelion beyond the orbit of Mars (at 1.66 AU) which also makes it a Mars-crosser. The sooty surface of suggested that it might have previously been a comet that experienced a close encounter with the Sun. However, the Tisserand parameter with respect to\",\n \"title\": \"(285263) 1998 QE2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17112546\",\n \"text\": \"fly-by of Mars. The flight would take the spacecraft to within 800 kilometres of the surface of Venus, using the planet for a gravity assist to speed the onward travel to Mars. According to a paper written by Dennis Tito, \\\"the mission would require no maneuvers except small course corrections after a trans-Martian injection burn, [and] would allow no aborts. ... [It will] use low Earth orbit launch and crewed-spacecraft technology, outfitted for the long duration of a flight to Mars.\\\" They speculated that when the spacecraft returned to Earth it would reenter the atmosphere at 50 000 km per\",\n \"title\": \"Inspiration Mars Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1918789\",\n \"text\": \"was becoming the preferred system of many astronomers at the time of publication and which was ultimately proven incorrect. The Tychonic system is a motionless Earth system but not a Ptolemaic system; it is a hybrid system of the Copernican and Ptolemaic models. Mercury and Venus orbit the Sun (as in the Copernican system) in small circles, while the sun in turn orbits a stationary Earth; Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn orbit the Sun in much larger circles, which means they also orbit the earth. The Tychonian system is mathematically equivalent to the Copernican system, except that the Copernican system predicts\",\n \"title\": \"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4970515\",\n \"text\": \"Astronomy on Mars In many cases astronomical phenomena viewed from the planet Mars are the same or similar to those seen from Earth but sometimes (as with the view of Earth as an evening/morning star) they can be quite different. For example, because the atmosphere of Mars does not contain an ozone layer, it is also possible to make UV observations from the surface of Mars. Mars has an axial tilt of 25.19°, quite close to the value of 23.44° for Earth, and thus Mars has seasons of spring, summer, autumn, winter as Earth does. As on Earth, the southern\",\n \"title\": \"Astronomy on Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352728\",\n \"text\": \"with the Deep Space Gateway (DSG) station, which would be in cis-lunar space after its construction, in 2027. Current plans show it to be sent with a crew of 4 to Mars in 2033. It would not, however, land, but merely remain in Martian orbit until there is a launch window for a return. The mission is expected to take about 2 years if all missions in the DSG and DST from 2021–2030 are successful. This mission would use the SLS rocket for launches, and the Orion MPCV to transport the crew to and from the Earth and the DSG\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352731\",\n \"text\": \"rockets could be used, but would add significant further weight. A return mission to Mars will need to land a rocket to carry crew off the surface. Launch requirements mean that this rocket would be significantly smaller than an Earth-to-orbit rocket. Mars-to-orbit launch can also be achieved in single stage. Despite this, landing an ascent rocket on Mars will be difficult. Reentry for a large rocket will be difficult. In 2014 NASA proposed the Mars Ecopoiesis Test Bed. One of the medical supplies that might be needed is a considerable mass of intravenous fluid, which is mainly water but contains\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8609615\",\n \"text\": \"Medium Earth orbit Medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), is the region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit (altitude of above sea level) and below geostationary orbit (altitude of above sea level). The most common use for satellites in this region is for navigation, communication, and geodetic/space environment science. The most common altitude is approximately ), which yields an orbital period of 12 hours, as used, for example, by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Other satellites in medium Earth orbit include Glonass (with an altitude of ) and Galileo (with an altitude of )\",\n \"title\": \"Medium Earth orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4970541\",\n \"text\": \"those of Earth — after all, the two ecliptic planes only have a mutual inclination of 1.85° — but on Mars, the Sun spends 6 days in the constellation Cetus, leaving and re-entering Pisces as it does so, making a total of 14 zodiacal constellations. The equinoxes and solstices are different as well: for the northern hemisphere, vernal equinox is in Ophiuchus (compared to Pisces on Earth), summer solstice is at the border of Aquarius and Pisces, autumnal equinox is in Taurus, and winter solstice is in Virgo. As on Earth, precession will cause the solstices and equinoxes to cycle\",\n \"title\": \"Astronomy on Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"518391\",\n \"text\": \"Mars). The geocentric gravitational constant \\\"GM\\\" (which is \\\"μ\\\") for Mars has the value of 42,828 kms, and the known rotational period (\\\"T\\\") of Mars is 88,642.66 seconds. Since \\\"ω\\\" = 2/\\\"T\\\", using the formula above, the value of \\\"ω\\\" is found to be approx 7.088218×10 s. Thus \\\"r\\\" = 8.5243×10 km, whose cube root is 20,427 km (the orbital radius); subtracting the equatorial radius of Mars (3396.2 km) gives the orbital altitude of 17,031 km. Orbital speed of a Mars geostationary orbit can be calculated as for Earth above: formula_10 Geostationary orbit A geostationary orbit, often referred to as\",\n \"title\": \"Geostationary orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16885814\",\n \"text\": \"the lander out of Earth orbit to Mars, where it would land, collect samples, and separate for return, with a stage returning to Mars orbit to rendezvous with a return spacecraft delivered by another Proton. The return craft was originally to dock with a station in Earth orbit, though in the final design, which was completed in January 1976, had it travel directly to Earth after sterilizing the samples via heat. To save weight, the return craft would crash land on earth without parachutes, and would be located via a radioactive beacon. Though the Soviet government approved the mission, and\",\n \"title\": \"Mars 5M\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8609616\",\n \"text\": \"constellations. Communications satellites that cover the North and South Pole are also put in MEO. The orbital periods of MEO satellites range from about 2 to nearly 24 hours. Telstar 1, an experimental satellite launched in 1962, orbited in MEO. The orbit is home to a number of artificial satellites. Medium Earth orbit Medium Earth orbit (MEO), sometimes called intermediate circular orbit (ICO), is the region of space around Earth above low Earth orbit (altitude of above sea level) and below geostationary orbit (altitude of above sea level). The most common use for satellites in this region is for navigation,\",\n \"title\": \"Medium Earth orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"398683\",\n \"text\": \"Company, which was a concept for an expendable booster stage which could deliver a payload to orbit in one stage. A reusable version named ROOST was also proposed. Another early SSTO design was a reusable launch vehicle named NEXUS which was designed by Krafft Arnold Ehricke in the early 1960s. It was one of the largest spacecraft ever conceptualized with a diameter of over 50 metres and the capability to lift up to 2000 short tons into Earth orbit, intended for missions to further out locations in the solar system such as Mars. The North American Air Augmented VTOVL from\",\n \"title\": \"Single-stage-to-orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13519957\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13519959\",\n \"text\": \"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \\\"Duotones\\\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3609983\",\n \"text\": \"passage for equatorial latitudes is around noon or midnight, and the dawn/dusk orbit, where the local mean solar time of passage for equatorial latitudes is around sunrise or sunset, so that the satellite rides the terminator between day and night. Riding the terminator is useful for active radar satellites, as the satellites' solar panels can always see the Sun, without being shadowed by the Earth. It is also useful for some satellites with passive instruments that need to limit the Sun's influence on the measurements, as it is possible to always point the instruments towards the night side of the\",\n \"title\": \"Sun-synchronous orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"870460\",\n \"text\": \"Mars 2MV-4 No.1 Mars 2MV-4 No.1 also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars, and transmit images of the planet back to Earth. Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit. It was the first of two Mars 2MV-4 spacecraft to be launched, the other being the Mars 1 spacecraft which was launched eight days later. With the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolding, the USSR spacecraft \\\"Mars 2MV-4\",\n \"title\": \"Mars 2MV-4 No.1\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3776561\",\n \"text\": \"but it is of interest to some scientists foreseeing a future telecommunications network for the exploration of Mars. An asteroid or station placed in areostationary orbit could also be used to construct a Martian space elevator for use in transfers between the surface of Mars and orbit. Orbital speed (how fast a satellite is moving through space) is calculated by multiplying the angular speed of the satellite by the orbital radius: By this formula one can find the geostationary-analogous orbit of an object in relation to a given body, in this case, Mars (this type of orbit above is referred\",\n \"title\": \"Areostationary orbit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10352696\",\n \"text\": \"a similar mission in English in the book \\\"The Conquest of Space\\\" (1949), featuring illustrations by Chesley Bonestell. Von Braun's Mars project envisioned nearly a thousand three-stage vehicles launching from Earth to ferry parts for the Mars mission to be constructed at a space station in Earth orbit. The mission itself featured a fleet of ten spacecraft with a combined crew of 70 heading to Mars, bringing three winged surface excursion ships that would land horizontally on the surface of Mars. (Winged landing was considered possible because at the time of his proposal, the Martian atmosphere was believed to be\",\n \"title\": \"Human mission to Mars\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303151\",\n \"text\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \\\"Voodoo\\\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303116\",\n \"text\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \\\"Voodoo\\\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"251071\",\n \"text\": \"first few minutes on the Martian surface. \\\"Odyssey\\\" also acts as a relay for UHF radio signals from the (MSL) rover \\\"Curiosity\\\". Because \\\"Odyssey\\\" is in a Sun-synchronous orbit, it consistently passes over \\\"Curiosity\\\"s location at the same two times every day, allowing for convenient scheduling of contact with Earth. 2001 Mars Odyssey 2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Mars Odyssey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20567647\",\n \"text\": \"back on Earth after launch. In December 2017, Musk tweeted that the dummy payload on the maiden Falcon Heavy launch would be his personal midnight cherry Tesla Roadster playing David Bowie's \\\"Life on Mars\\\", and that it would be launched into an orbit around the Sun that will take it as far out as Mars' orbit. He released pictures in the following days. The car has three cameras attached that provided \\\"epic views\\\". On December 28, 2017, the Falcon Heavy was moved to the launch pad in preparation of a static fire test of all 27 engines, which was expected\",\n \"title\": \"Falcon Heavy test flight\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11514107\",\n \"text\": \"How Does It Feel to Be Loved? How Does It Feel to Be Loved? (often abbreviated to HDIF) is a London-based nightclub which predominately plays indie pop, Northern Soul and Motown music. On the club's website, founder Ian Watson explains: \\\"We love pop, we love guitars that jangle, we love foot stomping melodies and huge choruses.\\\" The club's name is taken from the lyrics to The Velvet Underground song \\\"Beginning to See the Light\\\". Watson, a former \\\"Melody Maker\\\" journalist, began the night in April 2002 at The Buffalo Bar in Islington. HDIF takes place on the third Saturday of\",\n \"title\": \"How Does It Feel to Be Loved?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":273,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"274"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What college did Magic Johnson go to?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"472301","text":"such as Indiana and UCLA, he decided to play close to home. His college decision came down to Michigan and Michigan State in East Lansing. He ultimately decided to attend Michigan State when coach Jud Heathcote told him he could play the point guard position. The talent already on Michigan State's roster also drew him to the program. Johnson did not initially aspire to play professionally, focusing instead on his communication studies major and on his desire to become a television commentator. Playing with future NBA draftees Greg Kelser, Jay Vincent and Mike Brkovich, Johnson averaged 17.0 points, 7.9 rebounds,","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"5174867","text":"was actually laid down in college basketball of the late 1970s. During the 1978–79 NCAA season, Michigan State was led by Magic Johnson to the championship game of the NCAA Tournament, where they faced Indiana State University, which was led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever, Michigan State defeated Indiana State 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four. Magic Johnson would go on to be drafted by the Lakers, and Larry Bird by the Celtics. The personal rivalry formed by these two basketball greats during college would transfer","title":"Celtics–Lakers rivalry"},{"docid":"472302","text":"and 7.4 assists per game as a freshman, and led the Spartans to a 25–5 record, the Big Ten Conference title, and a berth in the 1978 NCAA Tournament. The Spartans reached the Elite Eight, but lost narrowly to eventual national champion Kentucky. During the 1978–79 season, Michigan State again qualified for the NCAA Tournament, where they advanced to the championship game and faced Indiana State, which was led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever, Michigan State defeated Indiana State 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four. He","title":"Magic Johnson"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"472301\",\n \"text\": \"such as Indiana and UCLA, he decided to play close to home. His college decision came down to Michigan and Michigan State in East Lansing. He ultimately decided to attend Michigan State when coach Jud Heathcote told him he could play the point guard position. The talent already on Michigan State's roster also drew him to the program. Johnson did not initially aspire to play professionally, focusing instead on his communication studies major and on his desire to become a television commentator. Playing with future NBA draftees Greg Kelser, Jay Vincent and Mike Brkovich, Johnson averaged 17.0 points, 7.9 rebounds,\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5174867\",\n \"text\": \"was actually laid down in college basketball of the late 1970s. During the 1978–79 NCAA season, Michigan State was led by Magic Johnson to the championship game of the NCAA Tournament, where they faced Indiana State University, which was led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever, Michigan State defeated Indiana State 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four. Magic Johnson would go on to be drafted by the Lakers, and Larry Bird by the Celtics. The personal rivalry formed by these two basketball greats during college would transfer\",\n \"title\": \"Celtics–Lakers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472302\",\n \"text\": \"and 7.4 assists per game as a freshman, and led the Spartans to a 25–5 record, the Big Ten Conference title, and a berth in the 1978 NCAA Tournament. The Spartans reached the Elite Eight, but lost narrowly to eventual national champion Kentucky. During the 1978–79 season, Michigan State again qualified for the NCAA Tournament, where they advanced to the championship game and faced Indiana State, which was led by senior Larry Bird. In what was the most-watched college basketball game ever, Michigan State defeated Indiana State 75–64, and Johnson was voted Most Outstanding Player of the Final Four. He\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3504581","text":"Magic Johnson Enterprises Magic Johnson Enterprises is an American investment company owned by retired NBA Hall of Fame legend Magic Johnson. In 1995, after some criticism that he only invested with other people's money, Johnson took an equity stake along with what was then the Loews chain in the 12-screen multiplex movie theater in Baldwin Hills (now owned by Cinemark). The Beverly Hills-based Magic Johnson Enterprises formerly owned Magic Johnson Theatres in four cities, 31 Burger King restaurants in the Southeast, and 13 24-Hour Fitness/Magic Johnson Sport health clubs. Over the years, Magic Johnson Enterprises has continually invested ownership in","title":"Magic Johnson Enterprises"},{"docid":"3504585","text":"minority candidates for jobs and internships. Magic Johnson Enterprises' investment was part of a $3.25 million seed round that included Andreessen Horowitz, Kapor Capital, Omidyar Network and Valar Ventures. Magic Johnson Enterprises Magic Johnson Enterprises is an American investment company owned by retired NBA Hall of Fame legend Magic Johnson. In 1995, after some criticism that he only invested with other people's money, Johnson took an equity stake along with what was then the Loews chain in the 12-screen multiplex movie theater in Baldwin Hills (now owned by Cinemark). The Beverly Hills-based Magic Johnson Enterprises formerly owned Magic Johnson Theatres","title":"Magic Johnson Enterprises"},{"docid":"472327","text":"\"If I knew what I know now, I wouldn't have retired.\" Johnson said that despite the physical, highly competitive practices and scrimmages leading up to the 1992 Olympics, some of those same teammates still expressed concerns about his return to the NBA. He said that he retired because he \"didn't want to hurt the game.\" During his retirement, Johnson has written a book on safe sex, run several businesses, worked for NBC as a commentator, and toured Asia, Australia and New Zealand with a basketball team of former college and NBA players. In 1985, Johnson created \"A Midsummer Night's Magic\",","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472328","text":"a yearly charity event which included a celebrity basketball game and a black tie dinner. The proceeds went to the United Negro College Fund, and Johnson held this event for twenty years, ending in 2005. \"A Midsummer Night's Magic\" eventually came under the umbrella of the Magic Johnson Foundation, which he founded in 1991. The 1992 event, which was the first one held after Johnson's appearance in the 1992 Olympics, raised over $1.3 million for UNCF. Magic Johnson joined Shaquille O'Neal and celebrity coach Spike Lee to lead the blue team to a 147–132 victory over the white team, which","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472290","text":"Magic Johnson Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons. After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers. He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472343","text":"for Turner Network Television for seven years, before becoming a studio analyst for ESPN's \"NBA Countdown\" in 2008. Johnson runs Magic Johnson Enterprises, a conglomerate company that has a net worth of $700 million; its subsidiaries include Magic Johnson Productions, a promotional company; Magic Johnson Theaters, a nationwide chain of movie theaters; and Magic Johnson Entertainment, a film studio. In addition to these business ventures, Johnson has also created the \"Magic Card\", a pre-paid MasterCard aimed at helping low-income people save money and participate in electronic commerce. In 2006, Johnson created a contract food service with Sodexo USA called Sodexo-Magic.","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472342","text":"1998, Johnson hosted a late night talk show on the Fox network called \"The Magic Hour\", but the show was canceled after two months because of low ratings. Shortly after the cancellation of his talk show, Magic Johnson started a record label. The label, initially called Magic 32 Records, was renamed Magic Johnson Music when Johnson signed a joint venture with MCA in 2000. Magic Johnson Music signed R&B artist Avant as its first act. Johnson also co-promoted Janet Jackson's Velvet Rope Tour through his company Magicworks. He has also worked as a motivational speaker, and was an NBA commentator","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472336","text":"of power forward. A few days later Johnson changed his mind and retired permanently, saying, \"I am going out on my terms, something I couldn't say when I aborted a comeback in 1992.\" Determined to play competitive basketball despite being out of the NBA, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team composed of former NBA and college players. In 1994 Johnson joined with former pros Mark Aguirre, Reggie Theus, John Long, Earl Cureton, Jim Farmer, and Lester Conner, as his team played games in Australia, Israel, South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Japan. They also toured the United","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"5981866","text":"the Magic Theatres name only to brand the location. Magic Johnson Enterprises website Magic Johnson Theatres Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of basketball player-turned-entrepreneur Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres. A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006. Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they","title":"Magic Johnson Theatres"},{"docid":"5981862","text":"Magic Johnson Theatres Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of basketball player-turned-entrepreneur Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres. A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006. Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they are solely controlled by AMC. Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson, Jr., is no longer actively","title":"Magic Johnson Theatres"},{"docid":"472298","text":"his brother not to play. Johnson did join the basketball team but became angry after several days when his new teammates ignored him during practice, not even passing the ball to him. He nearly got into a fight with another player before head coach George Fox intervened. Eventually, Johnson accepted his situation and the small group of black students looked to him as their leader. When recalling the events in his autobiography, \"My Life\", he talked about how his time at Everett had changed him: Johnson was first dubbed \"Magic\" as a 15-year-old sophomore playing for Everett High School, when","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"12000171","text":"Magic Johnson Foundation The Magic Johnson Foundation, founded by Magic Johnson in 1991 the same year Magic Johnson retired, works to develop programs and support community-based organizations that address the educational, health and social needs of ethnically diverse, urban communities. MJF has three strategic priorities: HIV/AIDS, Scholarship, & Community Empowerment Centers. Currently, the Foundation serves more than 250,000 individuals each year through direct and collaborative services and programs that enhance the lives of economically challenged people and empower underserved communities. 2011 marked the 20th anniversary for the Magic Johnson Foundation. In celebration of this milestone, MJF launched a twelve-month campaign","title":"Magic Johnson Foundation"},{"docid":"472337","text":"States, playing five games against teams from the CBA. In the final game of the CBA series, Magic Johnson had 30 points, 17 rebounds, and 13 assists, leading the All-Stars to a 126–121 victory over the Oklahoma City Cavalry. By the time he returned to the Lakers in 1996, the Magic Johnson All-Stars had amassed a record of 55–0, and Johnson was earning as much as $365,000 per game. Johnson played with the team frequently over the next several years, with possibly the most memorable game occurring in November, 2001. Magic, at the age of 42, played with the All-Stars","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472345","text":"to him. Johnson learned everything he could about business, often meeting with corporate executives during road trips. Johnson's first foray into business, a high-end sporting goods store named Magic 32, failed after only one year, costing him $200,000. The experience taught him to listen to his customers and find out what products they wanted. Johnson has become a leading voice on how to invest in urban communities, creating redevelopment opportunities in underserved areas, most notably through his movie theaters and his partnership with Starbucks. He went to Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz with the idea that he could successfully open the","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472364","text":"Buss had given Johnson a contract that paid him $14 million a year, as payback for all the years he was not the league's highest paid player. Although Johnson's retirement prior to the 1992–93 NBA season voided this contract, Buss insisted that he still be paid. It was this arrangement that allowed Johnson to coach the team without receiving any additional salary. After Johnson ended his coaching stint, Buss sold him a 4% stake in the Lakers for $10 million, and Johnson served as a team executive. Johnson's autobiography is Other biographies include: Magic Johnson Earvin \"Magic\" Johnson Jr. (born","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"12000172","text":"of special events and activities known as MJF: 20. The campaign commemorates twenty years of distinguished service and impact. Magic Johnson Foundation The Magic Johnson Foundation, founded by Magic Johnson in 1991 the same year Magic Johnson retired, works to develop programs and support community-based organizations that address the educational, health and social needs of ethnically diverse, urban communities. MJF has three strategic priorities: HIV/AIDS, Scholarship, & Community Empowerment Centers. Currently, the Foundation serves more than 250,000 individuals each year through direct and collaborative services and programs that enhance the lives of economically challenged people and empower underserved communities. 2011","title":"Magic Johnson Foundation"},{"docid":"472344","text":"In 2004, Johnson and his partner Ken Lombard, sold Magic Johnson Theaters to Loews Cineplex Entertainment in 2004. The first Magic Johnson Theater located in the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, closed in 2010 and re-opened in 2011 as Rave Cinema 15. Johnson began thinking of life after basketball while still playing with the Lakers. He wondered why so many athletes had failed at business, and sought advice. During his seventh season in the NBA, he had a meeting with Michael Ovitz, CEO of Creative Artists Agency. Ovitz encouraged him to start reading business magazines and to use every connection available","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"5981865","text":"Plaza 15 and XD. The only multiplex that was opened during the partnership with Magic Johnson, and is still operating, is the AMC Magic Johnson Harlem 9 in Harlem, New York City. The Randall Park 12 in Cleveland, Ohio; Northline 12 in Houston, Texas; and Greenbriar 12 in Atlanta, Georgia — were all closed by AMC due to lack of profitability. The Magic Theatres Cap Center 12 in Largo, Maryland is still open and operated by AMC Theatres. The Cap Center 12 was the first multiplex opened that was not a partnership with Magic Johnson. Loews Cineplex Entertainment had used","title":"Magic Johnson Theatres"},{"docid":"14525782","text":"Here We Go Magic (album) Here We Go Magic is the eponymous 2009 debut album from Brooklyn-based indie rock band Here We Go Magic, recorded mostly by the band's lead singer Luke Temple. The album was recorded by Temple at home on a 4-track recorder over a two-month period. Temple described the recording: \"I just had one tom, one microphone, a synth and an acoustic guitar. I didn’t have a full drum kit or normal bass, it was just all synth stuff that I did myself.\" Tim DiGravina, writing for Allmusic, gave the album a 3.5/5 rating, saying \"There's a","title":"Here We Go Magic (album)"},{"docid":"19494130","text":"Magic Johnson Award The Magic Johnson Award is an annual award for a National Basketball Association (NBA) player who recognizes excellence on the court and cooperation and dignity with the media and public. The award, which was created in 2001 by the Pro Basketball Writers Association a professional nonprofit organization comprised approximately 175 writers and editors of people who regularly cover the NBA for newspapers, magazines and websites has been given to some of the league's most prominent players over the years. It is named in honor of player Magic Johnson, whom the writers association regards as \"the ideal model\"","title":"Magic Johnson Award"},{"docid":"472303","text":"was selected to the 1978–79 All-American team for his performance that season. After two years in college, during which he averaged 17.1 points, 7.6 rebounds, and 7.9 assists per game, Johnson entered the 1979 NBA draft. Jud Heathcote stepped down as coach of the Spartans after the 1994–95 season, and on June 8, 1995, Johnson returned to the Breslin Center to play in the Jud Heathcote All-Star Tribute Game. He led all scorers with 39 points. Johnson was drafted first overall in 1979 by the Los Angeles Lakers. Johnson said that what was \"most amazing\" about joining the Lakers was","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472340","text":"Lakers. Johnson first fathered a son in 1981, when Andre Johnson was born to Melissa Mitchell. Although Andre was raised by his mother, he visited Johnson each summer, and later worked for Magic Johnson Enterprises as a marketing director. In 1991, Johnson married Earlitha \"Cookie\" Kelly in a small wedding in Lansing which included guests Thomas, Aguirre, and Herb Williams. Johnson and Cookie have one son, Earvin III (EJ), who is openly gay and a star on the reality show \"Rich Kids of Beverly Hills\". The couple adopted a daughter, Elisa, in 1995. Johnson resides in Dana Point, California. Johnson","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"19507433","text":"as the Johnson Center of Lake-Sumter, and Williams was designated the dean. The high school used some of the facilities, and by the beginning of the 1966-67 academic year, the Johnson Center was closed, Williams took a job elsewhere, and all of the facilities built for Johnson Junior College had been turned over to the high school. In 1996, the administration building of what was then Lake-Sumter Community College was named the Williams-Johnson building, in honor of the college and its president, Johnson Junior College Johnson Junior College, located at 1200 N. Beecher St. In Leesburg, Florida, opened its doors","title":"Johnson Junior College"},{"docid":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"docid":"14065684","text":"robot, \"Elektro\", built by Westinghouse in 1937. Sex Kittens Go to College Sex Kittens Go to College (a.k.a. Beauty and the Robot) is a 1960 American comedy film from Allied Artists Pictures, produced and directed by Albert Zugsmith, that stars Mamie Van Doren, Tuesday Weld, and Mijanou Bardot. The film was also released in adult theaters with an additional 9-minute dream sequence added showcasing the robot, Sam Thinko, with striptease dancers. Collins College's administrators are expecting new professor Dr. Mathilda West, who holds 13 degrees and speaks 18 languages. What they aren't expecting is the buxom blonde beauty who gets","title":"Sex Kittens Go to College"},{"docid":"14065681","text":"Sex Kittens Go to College Sex Kittens Go to College (a.k.a. Beauty and the Robot) is a 1960 American comedy film from Allied Artists Pictures, produced and directed by Albert Zugsmith, that stars Mamie Van Doren, Tuesday Weld, and Mijanou Bardot. The film was also released in adult theaters with an additional 9-minute dream sequence added showcasing the robot, Sam Thinko, with striptease dancers. Collins College's administrators are expecting new professor Dr. Mathilda West, who holds 13 degrees and speaks 18 languages. What they aren't expecting is the buxom blonde beauty who gets off the train. Dr. West has an","title":"Sex Kittens Go to College"},{"docid":"472362","text":"Buss at the hospital just a few months before his death from cancer. Speaking to media just hours after Buss had died, Johnson was emotional, saying, \"Without Dr. Jerry Buss, there is no Magic.\" Buss acquired the team from Jack Kent Cooke in 1979, shortly before he drafted Johnson with the #1 pick in the 1979 NBA draft. In addition to playing 13 seasons for the Lakers and coaching the team briefly in 1994, Johnson also had an ownership stake in the team for nearly twenty years. Buss took a special interest in Johnson, introducing him to important Los Angeles","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"18295773","text":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"docid":"18295781","text":"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\" seeks","title":"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go"},{"docid":"472292","text":"member of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (\"The Dream Team\"), which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992. After leaving the NBA in 1992, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team that travelled around the world playing exhibition games. Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996. Johnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame—being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as a member of the \"Dream Team\". He was rated the greatest NBA point guard of all time by","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"13675535","text":"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \"perverted,\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the","title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon"},{"docid":"17338142","text":"1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"docid":"472352","text":"in her second presidential campaign. He hosted a fundraiser for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign on August 22, 2016. After announcing his infection in November 1991, Johnson created the Magic Johnson Foundation to help combat HIV, although he later diversified the foundation to include other charitable goals. In 1992, he joined the National Commission on AIDS, a committee appointed by members of Congress and the Bush Administration. Johnson left after eight months, saying that the White House had \"utterly ignored\" the work of the panel, and had opposed the commission's recommendations, which included universal healthcare and the expansion of Medicaid to","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472300","text":"He gave Chastine much of the credit for his development as a basketball player and as a person, saying years later, \"I doubted myself back then.\" Johnson and Chastine were almost always together, playing basketball or riding around in Chastine's car. Upon learning of Chastine's death, Magic ran from his home, crying uncontrollably. Johnson, who finished his high school career with two All-State selections, was considered at the time to be the best high school player ever to come out of Michigan and was also named to the 1977 McDonald's All-American team. Although Johnson was recruited by several top-ranked colleges","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"19494131","text":"for this award. Ray Allen was the first NBA player to win this achievement. In the current year of 2017 Damian Lillard was named the winner. And after Lillard, this year's finalists were Paul Millsap, DeMar DeRozan, Paul George and Draymond Green. Magic Johnson Award The Magic Johnson Award is an annual award for a National Basketball Association (NBA) player who recognizes excellence on the court and cooperation and dignity with the media and public. The award, which was created in 2001 by the Pro Basketball Writers Association a professional nonprofit organization comprised approximately 175 writers and editors of people","title":"Magic Johnson Award"},{"docid":"472361","text":"forever\"; during Johnson's Hall of Fame ceremony, Bird formally inducted his old rival. In 2009, Johnson and Bird collaborated with journalist Jackie MacMullan on a non-fiction book titled \"When the Game Was Ours\". The book detailed their on-court rivalry and friendship with one another. The following year, HBO developed a documentary about their rivalry titled \"\", which was directed by Ezra Edelman. Magic Johnson had an extremely close relationship with Lakers owner Jerry Buss, whom he saw as a mentor and a father figure. Calling Buss his \"second father\" and \"one of [his] best friends\", Johnson spent five hours visiting","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"472323","text":"that they, too, were at risk\". At the time, only a small percentage of HIV-positive American men had contracted it from heterosexual sex, and it was initially rumored that Johnson was gay or bisexual, although he denied both. Johnson later accused Isiah Thomas of spreading the rumors, a claim Thomas denied. Johnson's HIV announcement became a major news story in the United States, and in 2004 was named as ESPN's seventh-most memorable moment of the previous 25 years. Many articles praised Johnson as a hero, and former U.S. President George H. W. Bush said, \"For me, Magic is a hero,","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"15832704","text":"adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"docid":"15832699","text":"Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features and that there are no Chinese records of Polo's presence. Thus it is a typical example of an argument from silence. Some archeologists have pointed to inconsistencies","title":"Did Marco Polo Go to China?"},{"docid":"14445176","text":"Here We Go Magic Here We Go Magic is an American indie rock band based in Brooklyn, New York. The group was originally formed by core members Luke Temple, Michael Bloch and Peter Hale, in late 2008. The project signed to Western Vinyl in 2008, followed by the five-piece group's signing to Secretly Canadian in 2009. After previously releasing two folk albums under his own name in the mid-2000s, Luke Temple released the self-titled album \"Here We Go Magic\" in February 2009 on Western Vinyl, described by Pitchfork as \"hazy electronic textures, endlessly-spiraling lyrical loops, occasional forays into extended sections","title":"Here We Go Magic"},{"docid":"13675534","text":"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \"Princess Paragon\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some","title":"What They Did to Princess Paragon"},{"docid":"14525784","text":"7.4 out of 10. Alex Denney, writing for The Quietus, wrote \"There isn't a duff moment on ...Magic exactly, but it's the opening salvo, with its lingering impression of small ideas stretched gauzily out, that really sings like firing synapses and leaves you wanting more\". Barry Walters of \"SPIN\" gave it 7/10, calling it \"Magic indeed\". Here We Go Magic (album) Here We Go Magic is the eponymous 2009 debut album from Brooklyn-based indie rock band Here We Go Magic, recorded mostly by the band's lead singer Luke Temple. The album was recorded by Temple at home on a 4-track","title":"Here We Go Magic (album)"},{"docid":"15008137","text":"\"I got hogtied by a hooker in Ohio,\" from the song's chorus, was edited to replace the word \"hooker\" with \"redhead.\" What a Way to Go (song) \"What a Way to Go\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \"What a Way to Go\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February","title":"What a Way to Go (song)"},{"docid":"15008136","text":"What a Way to Go (song) \"What a Way to Go\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \"What a Way to Go\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February 1991. Kennedy's version featured an altered verse from the original. To make the single more suitable for radio airplay, the line","title":"What a Way to Go (song)"},{"docid":"9970898","text":"College of Magic College of Magic is a non-profit organization (007-517 NPO/NGO) based in Cape Town, South Africa that teaches magic to people from various levels of society with the goal of creating social empowerment. College of Magic addresses key community concerns at grassroots level. The Director, David Gore, has been with the organization since its inception. It is the current holder of 17 national and 2 international awards. College of Magic graduates perform throughout South Africa and the world. College of Magic is a member of the International Jugglers' Association (IJA). College of Magic opened its doors on 23","title":"College of Magic"},{"docid":"13579999","text":"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"New Musical Express\" stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"The Sun\" that","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"docid":"17338141","text":"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \"Affection\" and on \"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\". They were also featured on \"The Collection","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"docid":"16319758","text":"Magic/Bird Magic/Bird is a play by Eric Simonson about basketball stars Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers and Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics, their rise from college basketball to the NBA and super stardom, and eventually the Olympic Dream Team, their team and personal rivalries and ultimately their long-running friendship. The play premiered on Broadway in 2012. Preview performances of \"Magic/Bird\" (stylized sometimes as Magic-Bird and Magic Bird) began on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre on March 21, 2012 with an official opening on April 11, 2012. Kevin Daniels starred as Magic Johnson and Tug Coker as Larry","title":"Magic/Bird"},{"docid":"9970909","text":"the college. In 2007, director Daniel Roth filmed a feature-length documentary about the College; it is entitled \"Do You Believe In Magic?\". The film follows the lives of students Lesley and Mfundo as they struggle to realize their dream of winning the College annual competition and so advance to the annual World Teenage Magic Championship in Las Vegas. \"Do You Believe In Magic?\" premiered at the Pan African Film Festival in Los Angeles on 9 February 2008 and it was also selected for the 2008 International Film Festival of South Africa. College of Magic College of Magic is a non-profit","title":"College of Magic"},{"docid":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"docid":"11690819","text":"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs","title":"Where Did It All Go Wrong?"},{"docid":"9037004","text":"are mixed without hi-hat. In 1992 when the Original cast CD was released, the hi-hat was suddenly apparent in the recording. It is most likely that the hi-hat was always present in the mix, but just not loud enough to be heard. It was probably boosted in the remix and subsequent remastering. Where Did the Good Times Go? \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\" is, what is popularly termed, the \"big ballad\" or \"11 o'clock number\" from the musical \"Over Here!\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment","title":"Where Did the Good Times Go?"},{"docid":"13579997","text":"Where Did All the Love Go? \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \"New Musical Express\" stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \"The Sun\" that \"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's","title":"Where Did All the Love Go?"},{"docid":"18928609","text":"This World Did To Us\" adapted from AllMusic. Managerial Visuals and imagery Performance credits Technical and production Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \"Exclaim!\" wrote that the lyrics \"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus","title":"Look What This World Did to Us"},{"docid":"16918900","text":"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \"What Richard Did\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \"The Guardian\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses","title":"What Richard Did"},{"docid":"9037003","text":"Where Did the Good Times Go? \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\" is, what is popularly termed, the \"big ballad\" or \"11 o'clock number\" from the musical \"Over Here!\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment of drama when all seems lost toward the end of the second act. The song was somewhat successful as a single for Patty Andrews, who debuted the song in the show. The song was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. The recording on both the LP and the single","title":"Where Did the Good Times Go?"},{"docid":"18937073","text":"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only","title":"What We Did"},{"docid":"18937071","text":"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,","title":"What We Did"},{"docid":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"7527245","text":"What I Go to School For \"What I Go to School For\" is the debut single by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne, Charlie Simpson, Steve Robson, Graham Jay, John McLaughlin and Richard Rashman, and produced by Robson. The song was inspired by a teacher that Matt Willis had a crush on at school. The song was released on 16 September 2002 and reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. A young Jade Ewen from girl group Sugababes appeared in the music video. In 2003, the real-life inspiration for the song was revealed to","title":"What I Go to School For"},{"docid":"7527250","text":"The musical was written by Elliot Davis with songs from the Busted albums and new music by James Bourne. It was directed by Steven Dexter and played at the Theatre Royal, Brighton in 2016. The video for the song features model Lorna Roberts as Miss McKenzie, the object of the band's desire. Then 14-year-old Jade Ewen, who later joined the Sugababes, appears in the video as a schoolgirl. What I Go to School For \"What I Go to School For\" is the debut single by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne, Charlie Simpson, Steve Robson,","title":"What I Go to School For"},{"docid":"472312","text":"Game 2 with 18 seconds to go, but after a layup by Gerald Henderson, Johnson failed to get a shot off before the final buzzer sounded, and the Lakers lost 124–121 in overtime. In Game 3, Johnson responded with 21 assists in a 137–104 win, but in Game 4, he again made several crucial errors late in the contest. In the final minute of the game, Johnson had the ball stolen by Celtics center Robert Parish, and then missed two free throws that could have won the game. The Celtics won Game 4 in overtime, and the teams split the","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"14445185","text":"krautrock influence, stating that the band \"channel propulsive krautrock and 1980s indie rock to great effect\". Allmusic writer Jason Thurston described the band's sound as an \"ethereal collage of indie folk, Baroque pop, plains country (and whatever else strikes their fancy)\". Here We Go Magic Here We Go Magic is an American indie rock band based in Brooklyn, New York. The group was originally formed by core members Luke Temple, Michael Bloch and Peter Hale, in late 2008. The project signed to Western Vinyl in 2008, followed by the five-piece group's signing to Secretly Canadian in 2009. After previously releasing","title":"Here We Go Magic"},{"docid":"14445177","text":"of ambience and noise\". Temple recorded the album at home on a 4-track recorder, describing the recording: \"I just had one tom, one microphone, a synth and an acoustic guitar. I didn't have a full drum kit or normal bass, it was just all synth stuff that I did myself.\" The album does feature a live band on one of its nine tracks, the song \"Everything's Big\", which features Here We Go Magic guitarist Michael Bloch along with musicians Tyler Wood (keyboards), Parker Kindred (drums) and Adam Chilenski (bass). After several tours incorporating members Kristina Lieberson (keyboards) and Jen Turner","title":"Here We Go Magic"},{"docid":"14910963","text":"brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Baseline\" that was a bonus track on \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \"2AM Club reveal","title":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?"},{"docid":"14910962","text":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Baseline\" that was a bonus track on \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \"2AM Club reveal themselves as the best and","title":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?"},{"docid":"4844950","text":"It won a Locarno Film Festival award for Best Actor for Gene Kelly. What a Way to Go! (film) What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American black comedy film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Bob Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. In a dream-like pre-credit sequence, Louisa May Foster (Shirley MacLaine), dressed as a black-clad widow, descends a pink staircase in a pink mansion. As she reaches the bottom, she is followed by pall-bearers carrying a pink coffin. As they round the bend in the staircase, the","title":"What a Way to Go! (film)"},{"docid":"4844938","text":"What a Way to Go! (film) What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American black comedy film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Bob Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. In a dream-like pre-credit sequence, Louisa May Foster (Shirley MacLaine), dressed as a black-clad widow, descends a pink staircase in a pink mansion. As she reaches the bottom, she is followed by pall-bearers carrying a pink coffin. As they round the bend in the staircase, the pallbearers drop the coffin, which slides down the stairs, leading into the opening","title":"What a Way to Go! (film)"},{"docid":"7578097","text":"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"18928606","text":"Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \"Exclaim!\" wrote that the lyrics \"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus on \"the daily grind.\" About the production, Red Pill explained that \"for this particular record, I wanted","title":"Look What This World Did to Us"},{"docid":"14013880","text":"And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball? And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball? is the second release on the label 4AD for singer and composer Scott Walker. The album was originally commissioned as a contemporary dance piece for disabled and non-disabled dance company CandoCo, choreographed by Rafael Bonachela. A video with excerpts from the performance can be found at the CandoCo website In a press release from his record label, Walker describes the music in the following way: \"\"Apart from a slow movement given over","title":"And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball?"},{"docid":"8543560","text":"lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"docid":"8543549","text":"What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"docid":"8543550","text":"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \"What did the rose do to the cypress?\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"docid":"11939649","text":"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \"Where Did They Go\" and \"My Sweet Lord,\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \"Where Did They Go\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"docid":"1872863","text":"commercially successful, grossing $72 million domestically, and remaining at number 1 on the U.S. box office for three consecutive weeks. It would go on to gross an additional $53 million in other markets, making for a total of over $125 million in international box office returns. It also was nominated for and won multiple awards. The film was followed by two sequels, \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1998) and the straight-to-DVD release \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" (2006). Though the former film has a continuation of the plotline established in its predecessor, the latter","title":"I Know What You Did Last Summer"},{"docid":"13579047","text":"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"docid":"13579043","text":"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live","title":"What Katy Did Next"},{"docid":"7578094","text":"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"3504584","text":"and sold for $205 million. The fund also had a stake in Sunset+Vine in Hollywood, which was built for $125 million and sold for $160 millon. In the summer of 2006, the company made headlines for concluding a deal with Sodexo, one of the largest food services and facilities management companies in the world. The initiative includes a marketing agreement and the formation of SodexoMAGIC, LLC, a new joint venture that is 51 percent owned by Johnson. Magic Johnson Enterprises has also invested in Jopwell. Jopwell is a diversity hiring startup that helps companies connect with and recruit underrepresented ethnic","title":"Magic Johnson Enterprises"},{"docid":"13279845","text":"\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"docid":"13279844","text":"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \"Love Is the Thing\" (1957) and \"The Very Thought of You\" (1958). The initial \"Billboard\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\". The Allmusic review of \"Where Did Everyone Go?\" by Lindsay Planer said","title":"Where Did Everyone Go?"},{"docid":"3994152","text":"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is","title":"Look What I Did"},{"docid":"11939648","text":"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \"Where Did They Go\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \"Billboard\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \"Is That All There Is?\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \"My Rock And Foundation\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \"Where Did They Go\" (backed by \"All I Want\") as a 45\" single","title":"Where Did They Go (album)"},{"docid":"472322","text":"tested positive for HIV. In a press conference held on November 7, 1991, Johnson made a public announcement that he would retire immediately. He stated that his wife Cookie and their unborn child did not have HIV, and that he would dedicate his life to \"battle this deadly disease\". Johnson initially said that he did not know how he contracted the disease, but later acknowledged that it was through having numerous sexual partners during his playing career. He admitted to having \"harems of women\" and talked openly about his sexual activities because \"he was convinced that heterosexuals needed to know","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"20791864","text":"October 10 but will play for their G League affiliate the Lakeland Magic. On October 23, 2018, Johnson was included in the training camp roster of the Lakeland Magic. B. J. Johnson (basketball) B. J. Johnson (born December 21, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Lakeland Magic of the NBA G League. He competed in college basketball for Syracuse and La Salle. Johnson is the son of Robert Johnson, who played basketball at Lower Merion High School from 1986 to 1990. B.J. grew up outside Philadelphia and also attended Lower Merion. He had 22 points and 11","title":"B. J. Johnson (basketball)"},{"docid":"2815032","text":"Johnson State College Johnson State College was a small public liberal arts college in Johnson, Vermont. Founded in 1828 by John Chesamore, in 2018 it was merged with the former Lyndon State College to create Northern Vermont University. Both the college, and the town of Johnson are named for William Samuel Johnson (1727-1819), American jurist, statesman and educator. The town of Johnson, and a part of neighboring Cambridge, Vermont together once made up the King's College Tract, a land grant chartered by King George III in 1774 for the eventual expansion of King's College in New York, today's Columbia University.","title":"Johnson State College"},{"docid":"5753826","text":"album, \"Definitive Collection\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \"Paper Lace\". I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"docid":"5753825","text":"I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation","title":"I Did What I Did for Maria"},{"docid":"13930846","text":"What Did the Lady Forget? Komiya (Tatsuo Saitō) is an affluent, respected and good-natured professor of medicine at a Tokyo university. He has a wife, Tokiko (Sumiko Kurishima), though they are without children. His niece from Osaka, Setsuko (Michiko Kuwano) comes for a visit. A liberated young lady who smokes and drinks, Setsuko finds Tokiko's attempts to interfere with and control her behaviour annoying. Tokiko asks her husband to go for his usual weekend golfing trip, though Komiya is not keen. So as not to vex his wife, Komiya leaves anyway, and writes a postcard telling his wife the weather","title":"What Did the Lady Forget?"},{"docid":"11942399","text":"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \"What I Did Last Summer\"was recently produced by","title":"What I Did Last Summer"},{"docid":"472341","text":"is a Christian and has said his faith is \"the most important thing\" in his life. In 2010, Magic Johnson and current and former NBA players such as LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Bill Russell, as well as Maya Moore from the WNBA, played a basketball game with President Barack Obama as an exhibition for a group of military troops who had been injured in action. The game was played at a gym inside Fort McNair, and reporters covering the president were not allowed to enter. The basketball game was part of festivities organized to celebrate Obama's 49th birthday. In","title":"Magic Johnson"},{"docid":"15358177","text":"Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \"Baby Love\", \"Come","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"docid":"15358184","text":"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \"Where Did Our Love Go\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \"Where Did Our Love Go\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs","title":"Where Did Our Love Go"},{"docid":"13232609","text":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\", had been delayed to May","title":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?"},{"docid":"8334567","text":"– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"","title":"What Did He Say?"},{"docid":"8334566","text":"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"","title":"What Did He Say?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504581\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson Enterprises Magic Johnson Enterprises is an American investment company owned by retired NBA Hall of Fame legend Magic Johnson. In 1995, after some criticism that he only invested with other people's money, Johnson took an equity stake along with what was then the Loews chain in the 12-screen multiplex movie theater in Baldwin Hills (now owned by Cinemark). The Beverly Hills-based Magic Johnson Enterprises formerly owned Magic Johnson Theatres in four cities, 31 Burger King restaurants in the Southeast, and 13 24-Hour Fitness/Magic Johnson Sport health clubs. Over the years, Magic Johnson Enterprises has continually invested ownership in\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Enterprises\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504585\",\n \"text\": \"minority candidates for jobs and internships. Magic Johnson Enterprises' investment was part of a $3.25 million seed round that included Andreessen Horowitz, Kapor Capital, Omidyar Network and Valar Ventures. Magic Johnson Enterprises Magic Johnson Enterprises is an American investment company owned by retired NBA Hall of Fame legend Magic Johnson. In 1995, after some criticism that he only invested with other people's money, Johnson took an equity stake along with what was then the Loews chain in the 12-screen multiplex movie theater in Baldwin Hills (now owned by Cinemark). The Beverly Hills-based Magic Johnson Enterprises formerly owned Magic Johnson Theatres\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Enterprises\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472327\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"If I knew what I know now, I wouldn't have retired.\\\" Johnson said that despite the physical, highly competitive practices and scrimmages leading up to the 1992 Olympics, some of those same teammates still expressed concerns about his return to the NBA. He said that he retired because he \\\"didn't want to hurt the game.\\\" During his retirement, Johnson has written a book on safe sex, run several businesses, worked for NBC as a commentator, and toured Asia, Australia and New Zealand with a basketball team of former college and NBA players. In 1985, Johnson created \\\"A Midsummer Night's Magic\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472328\",\n \"text\": \"a yearly charity event which included a celebrity basketball game and a black tie dinner. The proceeds went to the United Negro College Fund, and Johnson held this event for twenty years, ending in 2005. \\\"A Midsummer Night's Magic\\\" eventually came under the umbrella of the Magic Johnson Foundation, which he founded in 1991. The 1992 event, which was the first one held after Johnson's appearance in the 1992 Olympics, raised over $1.3 million for UNCF. Magic Johnson joined Shaquille O'Neal and celebrity coach Spike Lee to lead the blue team to a 147–132 victory over the white team, which\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472290\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson Earvin \\\"Magic\\\" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons. After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers. He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s. Johnson retired abruptly in 1991 after announcing that\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472343\",\n \"text\": \"for Turner Network Television for seven years, before becoming a studio analyst for ESPN's \\\"NBA Countdown\\\" in 2008. Johnson runs Magic Johnson Enterprises, a conglomerate company that has a net worth of $700 million; its subsidiaries include Magic Johnson Productions, a promotional company; Magic Johnson Theaters, a nationwide chain of movie theaters; and Magic Johnson Entertainment, a film studio. In addition to these business ventures, Johnson has also created the \\\"Magic Card\\\", a pre-paid MasterCard aimed at helping low-income people save money and participate in electronic commerce. In 2006, Johnson created a contract food service with Sodexo USA called Sodexo-Magic.\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472342\",\n \"text\": \"1998, Johnson hosted a late night talk show on the Fox network called \\\"The Magic Hour\\\", but the show was canceled after two months because of low ratings. Shortly after the cancellation of his talk show, Magic Johnson started a record label. The label, initially called Magic 32 Records, was renamed Magic Johnson Music when Johnson signed a joint venture with MCA in 2000. Magic Johnson Music signed R&B artist Avant as its first act. Johnson also co-promoted Janet Jackson's Velvet Rope Tour through his company Magicworks. He has also worked as a motivational speaker, and was an NBA commentator\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472336\",\n \"text\": \"of power forward. A few days later Johnson changed his mind and retired permanently, saying, \\\"I am going out on my terms, something I couldn't say when I aborted a comeback in 1992.\\\" Determined to play competitive basketball despite being out of the NBA, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team composed of former NBA and college players. In 1994 Johnson joined with former pros Mark Aguirre, Reggie Theus, John Long, Earl Cureton, Jim Farmer, and Lester Conner, as his team played games in Australia, Israel, South America, Europe, New Zealand, and Japan. They also toured the United\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5981866\",\n \"text\": \"the Magic Theatres name only to brand the location. Magic Johnson Enterprises website Magic Johnson Theatres Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of basketball player-turned-entrepreneur Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres. A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006. Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Theatres\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5981862\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson Theatres Magic Johnson Theatres is a chain of movie theaters, originally developed in 1994 by Johnson Development Corporation, the business holding of basketball player-turned-entrepreneur Magic Johnson, and Sony Pictures Entertainment through a partnership with Sony-Loews Theatres. A 1998 merger between Sony-Loews and Cineplex Odeon Corporation caused them to become part of the new Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corp. Currently the chain's former locations are owned by AMC Theatres, after Sony-Loews was acquired by that company in 2006. Although they are still branded Magic Johnson Theatres, they are solely controlled by AMC. Earvin \\\"Magic\\\" Johnson, Jr., is no longer actively\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Theatres\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472298\",\n \"text\": \"his brother not to play. Johnson did join the basketball team but became angry after several days when his new teammates ignored him during practice, not even passing the ball to him. He nearly got into a fight with another player before head coach George Fox intervened. Eventually, Johnson accepted his situation and the small group of black students looked to him as their leader. When recalling the events in his autobiography, \\\"My Life\\\", he talked about how his time at Everett had changed him: Johnson was first dubbed \\\"Magic\\\" as a 15-year-old sophomore playing for Everett High School, when\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12000171\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson Foundation The Magic Johnson Foundation, founded by Magic Johnson in 1991 the same year Magic Johnson retired, works to develop programs and support community-based organizations that address the educational, health and social needs of ethnically diverse, urban communities. MJF has three strategic priorities: HIV/AIDS, Scholarship, & Community Empowerment Centers. Currently, the Foundation serves more than 250,000 individuals each year through direct and collaborative services and programs that enhance the lives of economically challenged people and empower underserved communities. 2011 marked the 20th anniversary for the Magic Johnson Foundation. In celebration of this milestone, MJF launched a twelve-month campaign\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472337\",\n \"text\": \"States, playing five games against teams from the CBA. In the final game of the CBA series, Magic Johnson had 30 points, 17 rebounds, and 13 assists, leading the All-Stars to a 126–121 victory over the Oklahoma City Cavalry. By the time he returned to the Lakers in 1996, the Magic Johnson All-Stars had amassed a record of 55–0, and Johnson was earning as much as $365,000 per game. Johnson played with the team frequently over the next several years, with possibly the most memorable game occurring in November, 2001. Magic, at the age of 42, played with the All-Stars\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472345\",\n \"text\": \"to him. Johnson learned everything he could about business, often meeting with corporate executives during road trips. Johnson's first foray into business, a high-end sporting goods store named Magic 32, failed after only one year, costing him $200,000. The experience taught him to listen to his customers and find out what products they wanted. Johnson has become a leading voice on how to invest in urban communities, creating redevelopment opportunities in underserved areas, most notably through his movie theaters and his partnership with Starbucks. He went to Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz with the idea that he could successfully open the\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472364\",\n \"text\": \"Buss had given Johnson a contract that paid him $14 million a year, as payback for all the years he was not the league's highest paid player. Although Johnson's retirement prior to the 1992–93 NBA season voided this contract, Buss insisted that he still be paid. It was this arrangement that allowed Johnson to coach the team without receiving any additional salary. After Johnson ended his coaching stint, Buss sold him a 4% stake in the Lakers for $10 million, and Johnson served as a team executive. Johnson's autobiography is Other biographies include: Magic Johnson Earvin \\\"Magic\\\" Johnson Jr. (born\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12000172\",\n \"text\": \"of special events and activities known as MJF: 20. The campaign commemorates twenty years of distinguished service and impact. Magic Johnson Foundation The Magic Johnson Foundation, founded by Magic Johnson in 1991 the same year Magic Johnson retired, works to develop programs and support community-based organizations that address the educational, health and social needs of ethnically diverse, urban communities. MJF has three strategic priorities: HIV/AIDS, Scholarship, & Community Empowerment Centers. Currently, the Foundation serves more than 250,000 individuals each year through direct and collaborative services and programs that enhance the lives of economically challenged people and empower underserved communities. 2011\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472344\",\n \"text\": \"In 2004, Johnson and his partner Ken Lombard, sold Magic Johnson Theaters to Loews Cineplex Entertainment in 2004. The first Magic Johnson Theater located in the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza, closed in 2010 and re-opened in 2011 as Rave Cinema 15. Johnson began thinking of life after basketball while still playing with the Lakers. He wondered why so many athletes had failed at business, and sought advice. During his seventh season in the NBA, he had a meeting with Michael Ovitz, CEO of Creative Artists Agency. Ovitz encouraged him to start reading business magazines and to use every connection available\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5981865\",\n \"text\": \"Plaza 15 and XD. The only multiplex that was opened during the partnership with Magic Johnson, and is still operating, is the AMC Magic Johnson Harlem 9 in Harlem, New York City. The Randall Park 12 in Cleveland, Ohio; Northline 12 in Houston, Texas; and Greenbriar 12 in Atlanta, Georgia — were all closed by AMC due to lack of profitability. The Magic Theatres Cap Center 12 in Largo, Maryland is still open and operated by AMC Theatres. The Cap Center 12 was the first multiplex opened that was not a partnership with Magic Johnson. Loews Cineplex Entertainment had used\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Theatres\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14525782\",\n \"text\": \"Here We Go Magic (album) Here We Go Magic is the eponymous 2009 debut album from Brooklyn-based indie rock band Here We Go Magic, recorded mostly by the band's lead singer Luke Temple. The album was recorded by Temple at home on a 4-track recorder over a two-month period. Temple described the recording: \\\"I just had one tom, one microphone, a synth and an acoustic guitar. I didn’t have a full drum kit or normal bass, it was just all synth stuff that I did myself.\\\" Tim DiGravina, writing for Allmusic, gave the album a 3.5/5 rating, saying \\\"There's a\",\n \"title\": \"Here We Go Magic (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19494130\",\n \"text\": \"Magic Johnson Award The Magic Johnson Award is an annual award for a National Basketball Association (NBA) player who recognizes excellence on the court and cooperation and dignity with the media and public. The award, which was created in 2001 by the Pro Basketball Writers Association a professional nonprofit organization comprised approximately 175 writers and editors of people who regularly cover the NBA for newspapers, magazines and websites has been given to some of the league's most prominent players over the years. It is named in honor of player Magic Johnson, whom the writers association regards as \\\"the ideal model\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Award\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472303\",\n \"text\": \"was selected to the 1978–79 All-American team for his performance that season. After two years in college, during which he averaged 17.1 points, 7.6 rebounds, and 7.9 assists per game, Johnson entered the 1979 NBA draft. Jud Heathcote stepped down as coach of the Spartans after the 1994–95 season, and on June 8, 1995, Johnson returned to the Breslin Center to play in the Jud Heathcote All-Star Tribute Game. He led all scorers with 39 points. Johnson was drafted first overall in 1979 by the Los Angeles Lakers. Johnson said that what was \\\"most amazing\\\" about joining the Lakers was\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472340\",\n \"text\": \"Lakers. Johnson first fathered a son in 1981, when Andre Johnson was born to Melissa Mitchell. Although Andre was raised by his mother, he visited Johnson each summer, and later worked for Magic Johnson Enterprises as a marketing director. In 1991, Johnson married Earlitha \\\"Cookie\\\" Kelly in a small wedding in Lansing which included guests Thomas, Aguirre, and Herb Williams. Johnson and Cookie have one son, Earvin III (EJ), who is openly gay and a star on the reality show \\\"Rich Kids of Beverly Hills\\\". The couple adopted a daughter, Elisa, in 1995. Johnson resides in Dana Point, California. Johnson\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19507433\",\n \"text\": \"as the Johnson Center of Lake-Sumter, and Williams was designated the dean. The high school used some of the facilities, and by the beginning of the 1966-67 academic year, the Johnson Center was closed, Williams took a job elsewhere, and all of the facilities built for Johnson Junior College had been turned over to the high school. In 1996, the administration building of what was then Lake-Sumter Community College was named the Williams-Johnson building, in honor of the college and its president, Johnson Junior College Johnson Junior College, located at 1200 N. Beecher St. In Leesburg, Florida, opened its doors\",\n \"title\": \"Johnson Junior College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14065684\",\n \"text\": \"robot, \\\"Elektro\\\", built by Westinghouse in 1937. Sex Kittens Go to College Sex Kittens Go to College (a.k.a. Beauty and the Robot) is a 1960 American comedy film from Allied Artists Pictures, produced and directed by Albert Zugsmith, that stars Mamie Van Doren, Tuesday Weld, and Mijanou Bardot. The film was also released in adult theaters with an additional 9-minute dream sequence added showcasing the robot, Sam Thinko, with striptease dancers. Collins College's administrators are expecting new professor Dr. Mathilda West, who holds 13 degrees and speaks 18 languages. What they aren't expecting is the buxom blonde beauty who gets\",\n \"title\": \"Sex Kittens Go to College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14065681\",\n \"text\": \"Sex Kittens Go to College Sex Kittens Go to College (a.k.a. Beauty and the Robot) is a 1960 American comedy film from Allied Artists Pictures, produced and directed by Albert Zugsmith, that stars Mamie Van Doren, Tuesday Weld, and Mijanou Bardot. The film was also released in adult theaters with an additional 9-minute dream sequence added showcasing the robot, Sam Thinko, with striptease dancers. Collins College's administrators are expecting new professor Dr. Mathilda West, who holds 13 degrees and speaks 18 languages. What they aren't expecting is the buxom blonde beauty who gets off the train. Dr. West has an\",\n \"title\": \"Sex Kittens Go to College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472362\",\n \"text\": \"Buss at the hospital just a few months before his death from cancer. Speaking to media just hours after Buss had died, Johnson was emotional, saying, \\\"Without Dr. Jerry Buss, there is no Magic.\\\" Buss acquired the team from Jack Kent Cooke in 1979, shortly before he drafted Johnson with the #1 pick in the 1979 NBA draft. In addition to playing 13 seasons for the Lakers and coaching the team briefly in 1994, Johnson also had an ownership stake in the team for nearly twenty years. Buss took a special interest in Johnson, introducing him to important Los Angeles\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18295773\",\n \"text\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks to discover where the funds raised for the relief effort after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti really went. Taking\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18295781\",\n \"text\": \"Best Investigative Documentary •2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary •2013 Women's International Film Festival Best Documentary Short Haiti: Where Did the Money Go Haiti: Where Did the Money Go? is a 2012 Film at Eleven Media production that was produced, written and directed by Michele Mitchell. Shot in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the documentary looks at what really happens with the money donated to help with disaster aid. \\\"Haiti: Where Did The Money Go?\\\" aired on PBS and won the 2013 Edward R. Murrow Award for News Documentary. \\\"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\\\" seeks\",\n \"title\": \"Haiti: Where Did the Money Go\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472292\",\n \"text\": \"member of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team (\\\"The Dream Team\\\"), which won the Olympic gold medal in 1992. After leaving the NBA in 1992, Johnson formed the Magic Johnson All-Stars, a barnstorming team that travelled around the world playing exhibition games. Johnson was honored as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996. Johnson became a two-time inductee into the Basketball Hall of Fame—being enshrined in 2002 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as a member of the \\\"Dream Team\\\". He was rated the greatest NBA point guard of all time by\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13675535\",\n \"text\": \"of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \\\"perverted,\\\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \\\"What They Did to Princess Paragon\\\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17338142\",\n \"text\": \"1989–2003\\\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\\\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\\\" single European/UK 12\\\" single UK 12\\\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472352\",\n \"text\": \"in her second presidential campaign. He hosted a fundraiser for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign on August 22, 2016. After announcing his infection in November 1991, Johnson created the Magic Johnson Foundation to help combat HIV, although he later diversified the foundation to include other charitable goals. In 1992, he joined the National Commission on AIDS, a committee appointed by members of Congress and the Bush Administration. Johnson left after eight months, saying that the White House had \\\"utterly ignored\\\" the work of the panel, and had opposed the commission's recommendations, which included universal healthcare and the expansion of Medicaid to\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472300\",\n \"text\": \"He gave Chastine much of the credit for his development as a basketball player and as a person, saying years later, \\\"I doubted myself back then.\\\" Johnson and Chastine were almost always together, playing basketball or riding around in Chastine's car. Upon learning of Chastine's death, Magic ran from his home, crying uncontrollably. Johnson, who finished his high school career with two All-State selections, was considered at the time to be the best high school player ever to come out of Michigan and was also named to the 1977 McDonald's All-American team. Although Johnson was recruited by several top-ranked colleges\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19494131\",\n \"text\": \"for this award. Ray Allen was the first NBA player to win this achievement. In the current year of 2017 Damian Lillard was named the winner. And after Lillard, this year's finalists were Paul Millsap, DeMar DeRozan, Paul George and Draymond Green. Magic Johnson Award The Magic Johnson Award is an annual award for a National Basketball Association (NBA) player who recognizes excellence on the court and cooperation and dignity with the media and public. The award, which was created in 2001 by the Pro Basketball Writers Association a professional nonprofit organization comprised approximately 175 writers and editors of people\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Award\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472361\",\n \"text\": \"forever\\\"; during Johnson's Hall of Fame ceremony, Bird formally inducted his old rival. In 2009, Johnson and Bird collaborated with journalist Jackie MacMullan on a non-fiction book titled \\\"When the Game Was Ours\\\". The book detailed their on-court rivalry and friendship with one another. The following year, HBO developed a documentary about their rivalry titled \\\"\\\", which was directed by Ezra Edelman. Magic Johnson had an extremely close relationship with Lakers owner Jerry Buss, whom he saw as a mentor and a father figure. Calling Buss his \\\"second father\\\" and \\\"one of [his] best friends\\\", Johnson spent five hours visiting\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472323\",\n \"text\": \"that they, too, were at risk\\\". At the time, only a small percentage of HIV-positive American men had contracted it from heterosexual sex, and it was initially rumored that Johnson was gay or bisexual, although he denied both. Johnson later accused Isiah Thomas of spreading the rumors, a claim Thomas denied. Johnson's HIV announcement became a major news story in the United States, and in 2004 was named as ESPN's seventh-most memorable moment of the previous 25 years. Many articles praised Johnson as a hero, and former U.S. President George H. W. Bush said, \\\"For me, Magic is a hero,\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15832704\",\n \"text\": \"adequate linguistic competence and research methodology ... and her major arguments cannot withstand close scrutiny. Her conclusion fails to consider all the evidence supporting Marco Polo's credibility.\\\" Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15832699\",\n \"text\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China? Did Marco Polo Go to China? is a 1995 book, by Frances Wood, arguing that Italian explorer Marco Polo never visited China but travelled no further than Persia and that he based his description of China on accounts from Persian travelers. The book notes that Polo failed to mention the Great Wall, the use of chopsticks as eating utensils, tea, foot-binding, Chinese calligraphy or other significant features and that there are no Chinese records of Polo's presence. Thus it is a typical example of an argument from silence. Some archeologists have pointed to inconsistencies\",\n \"title\": \"Did Marco Polo Go to China?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14445176\",\n \"text\": \"Here We Go Magic Here We Go Magic is an American indie rock band based in Brooklyn, New York. The group was originally formed by core members Luke Temple, Michael Bloch and Peter Hale, in late 2008. The project signed to Western Vinyl in 2008, followed by the five-piece group's signing to Secretly Canadian in 2009. After previously releasing two folk albums under his own name in the mid-2000s, Luke Temple released the self-titled album \\\"Here We Go Magic\\\" in February 2009 on Western Vinyl, described by Pitchfork as \\\"hazy electronic textures, endlessly-spiraling lyrical loops, occasional forays into extended sections\",\n \"title\": \"Here We Go Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13675534\",\n \"text\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the story of what happens when a venerable comic book superheroine is retconned as a lesbian. Gay comic book creator Brian Parrish is hired by Bang Comics to take over \\\"Princess Paragon\\\", a superhero comic book that's been around since the 1940s, but whose sales are slumping badly by the 1990s. Parrish decides to reimagine Princess Paragon as a lesbian, a move which causes quite a bit of excitement and publicity for Bang, but also causes consternation among some\",\n \"title\": \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14525784\",\n \"text\": \"7.4 out of 10. Alex Denney, writing for The Quietus, wrote \\\"There isn't a duff moment on ...Magic exactly, but it's the opening salvo, with its lingering impression of small ideas stretched gauzily out, that really sings like firing synapses and leaves you wanting more\\\". Barry Walters of \\\"SPIN\\\" gave it 7/10, calling it \\\"Magic indeed\\\". Here We Go Magic (album) Here We Go Magic is the eponymous 2009 debut album from Brooklyn-based indie rock band Here We Go Magic, recorded mostly by the band's lead singer Luke Temple. The album was recorded by Temple at home on a 4-track\",\n \"title\": \"Here We Go Magic (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15008137\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"I got hogtied by a hooker in Ohio,\\\" from the song's chorus, was edited to replace the word \\\"hooker\\\" with \\\"redhead.\\\" What a Way to Go (song) \\\"What a Way to Go\\\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \\\"What a Way to Go\\\". The song reached number 10 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February\",\n \"title\": \"What a Way to Go (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15008136\",\n \"text\": \"What a Way to Go (song) \\\"What a Way to Go\\\" is a song written by Bobby David and Jim Rushing. It was originally recorded by Bobby Borchers in 1977. It was later recorded by American country music artist Ray Kennedy. It was released in November 1990 as the first single and title track from his debut album, \\\"What a Way to Go\\\". The song reached number 10 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in February 1991. Kennedy's version featured an altered verse from the original. To make the single more suitable for radio airplay, the line\",\n \"title\": \"What a Way to Go (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9970898\",\n \"text\": \"College of Magic College of Magic is a non-profit organization (007-517 NPO/NGO) based in Cape Town, South Africa that teaches magic to people from various levels of society with the goal of creating social empowerment. College of Magic addresses key community concerns at grassroots level. The Director, David Gore, has been with the organization since its inception. It is the current holder of 17 national and 2 international awards. College of Magic graduates perform throughout South Africa and the world. College of Magic is a member of the International Jugglers' Association (IJA). College of Magic opened its doors on 23\",\n \"title\": \"College of Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13579999\",\n \"text\": \"this single did prove popular on the radio. Where Did All the Love Go? \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \\\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\\\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \\\"New Musical Express\\\" stating that \\\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\\\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \\\"The Sun\\\" that\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17338141\",\n \"text\": \"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \\\"Affection\\\" and on \\\"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\\\". They were also featured on \\\"The Collection\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16319758\",\n \"text\": \"Magic/Bird Magic/Bird is a play by Eric Simonson about basketball stars Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers and Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics, their rise from college basketball to the NBA and super stardom, and eventually the Olympic Dream Team, their team and personal rivalries and ultimately their long-running friendship. The play premiered on Broadway in 2012. Preview performances of \\\"Magic/Bird\\\" (stylized sometimes as Magic-Bird and Magic Bird) began on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre on March 21, 2012 with an official opening on April 11, 2012. Kevin Daniels starred as Magic Johnson and Tug Coker as Larry\",\n \"title\": \"Magic/Bird\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9970909\",\n \"text\": \"the college. In 2007, director Daniel Roth filmed a feature-length documentary about the College; it is entitled \\\"Do You Believe In Magic?\\\". The film follows the lives of students Lesley and Mfundo as they struggle to realize their dream of winning the College annual competition and so advance to the annual World Teenage Magic Championship in Las Vegas. \\\"Do You Believe In Magic?\\\" premiered at the Pan African Film Festival in Los Angeles on 9 February 2008 and it was also selected for the 2008 International Film Festival of South Africa. College of Magic College of Magic is a non-profit\",\n \"title\": \"College of Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11690819\",\n \"text\": \"released as a radio-single in the United States, where the song received airplay but failed to chart due in part to no official release. The video features Liam being interviewed whilst Noel sings whilst reading a newspaper and looking at what is going on in the building opposite where he and the band are. Where Did It All Go Wrong? \\\"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\\\" is a song and single by the English rock band Oasis, originally released on their 2000 album, \\\"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\\\". Written by guitarist Noel Gallagher, it is one of two songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9037004\",\n \"text\": \"are mixed without hi-hat. In 1992 when the Original cast CD was released, the hi-hat was suddenly apparent in the recording. It is most likely that the hi-hat was always present in the mix, but just not loud enough to be heard. It was probably boosted in the remix and subsequent remastering. Where Did the Good Times Go? \\\"Where Did the Good Times Go?\\\" is, what is popularly termed, the \\\"big ballad\\\" or \\\"11 o'clock number\\\" from the musical \\\"Over Here!\\\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13579997\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did All the Love Go? \\\"Where Did All the Love Go?\\\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album \\\"West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum\\\". It was released on 10 August 2009. Guitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to \\\"New Musical Express\\\" stating that \\\"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\\\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with \\\"The Sun\\\" that \\\"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did All the Love Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18928609\",\n \"text\": \"This World Did To Us\\\" adapted from AllMusic. Managerial Visuals and imagery Performance credits Technical and production Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \\\"Exclaim!\\\" wrote that the lyrics \\\"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\\\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus\",\n \"title\": \"Look What This World Did to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16918900\",\n \"text\": \"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \\\"What Richard Did\\\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \\\"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9037003\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go? \\\"Where Did the Good Times Go?\\\" is, what is popularly termed, the \\\"big ballad\\\" or \\\"11 o'clock number\\\" from the musical \\\"Over Here!\\\", which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre (Broadway) on March 6, 1974. The song is the penultimate moment of drama when all seems lost toward the end of the second act. The song was somewhat successful as a single for Patty Andrews, who debuted the song in the show. The song was written by Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman. The recording on both the LP and the single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Good Times Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18937073\",\n \"text\": \"quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\\\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18937071\",\n \"text\": \"What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \\\"What We Did\\\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \\\"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7527245\",\n \"text\": \"What I Go to School For \\\"What I Go to School For\\\" is the debut single by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne, Charlie Simpson, Steve Robson, Graham Jay, John McLaughlin and Richard Rashman, and produced by Robson. The song was inspired by a teacher that Matt Willis had a crush on at school. The song was released on 16 September 2002 and reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. A young Jade Ewen from girl group Sugababes appeared in the music video. In 2003, the real-life inspiration for the song was revealed to\",\n \"title\": \"What I Go to School For\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7527250\",\n \"text\": \"The musical was written by Elliot Davis with songs from the Busted albums and new music by James Bourne. It was directed by Steven Dexter and played at the Theatre Royal, Brighton in 2016. The video for the song features model Lorna Roberts as Miss McKenzie, the object of the band's desire. Then 14-year-old Jade Ewen, who later joined the Sugababes, appears in the video as a schoolgirl. What I Go to School For \\\"What I Go to School For\\\" is the debut single by English pop rock band Busted. It was written by James Bourne, Charlie Simpson, Steve Robson,\",\n \"title\": \"What I Go to School For\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472312\",\n \"text\": \"Game 2 with 18 seconds to go, but after a layup by Gerald Henderson, Johnson failed to get a shot off before the final buzzer sounded, and the Lakers lost 124–121 in overtime. In Game 3, Johnson responded with 21 assists in a 137–104 win, but in Game 4, he again made several crucial errors late in the contest. In the final minute of the game, Johnson had the ball stolen by Celtics center Robert Parish, and then missed two free throws that could have won the game. The Celtics won Game 4 in overtime, and the teams split the\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14445185\",\n \"text\": \"krautrock influence, stating that the band \\\"channel propulsive krautrock and 1980s indie rock to great effect\\\". Allmusic writer Jason Thurston described the band's sound as an \\\"ethereal collage of indie folk, Baroque pop, plains country (and whatever else strikes their fancy)\\\". Here We Go Magic Here We Go Magic is an American indie rock band based in Brooklyn, New York. The group was originally formed by core members Luke Temple, Michael Bloch and Peter Hale, in late 2008. The project signed to Western Vinyl in 2008, followed by the five-piece group's signing to Secretly Canadian in 2009. After previously releasing\",\n \"title\": \"Here We Go Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14445177\",\n \"text\": \"of ambience and noise\\\". Temple recorded the album at home on a 4-track recorder, describing the recording: \\\"I just had one tom, one microphone, a synth and an acoustic guitar. I didn't have a full drum kit or normal bass, it was just all synth stuff that I did myself.\\\" The album does feature a live band on one of its nine tracks, the song \\\"Everything's Big\\\", which features Here We Go Magic guitarist Michael Bloch along with musicians Tyler Wood (keyboards), Parker Kindred (drums) and Adam Chilenski (bass). After several tours incorporating members Kristina Lieberson (keyboards) and Jen Turner\",\n \"title\": \"Here We Go Magic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14910963\",\n \"text\": \"brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\\\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \\\"Baseline\\\" that was a bonus track on \\\"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\\\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \\\"2AM Club reveal\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14910962\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \\\"Baseline\\\" that was a bonus track on \\\"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\\\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \\\"2AM Club reveal themselves as the best and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4844950\",\n \"text\": \"It won a Locarno Film Festival award for Best Actor for Gene Kelly. What a Way to Go! (film) What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American black comedy film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Bob Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. In a dream-like pre-credit sequence, Louisa May Foster (Shirley MacLaine), dressed as a black-clad widow, descends a pink staircase in a pink mansion. As she reaches the bottom, she is followed by pall-bearers carrying a pink coffin. As they round the bend in the staircase, the\",\n \"title\": \"What a Way to Go! (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4844938\",\n \"text\": \"What a Way to Go! (film) What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American black comedy film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Bob Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. In a dream-like pre-credit sequence, Louisa May Foster (Shirley MacLaine), dressed as a black-clad widow, descends a pink staircase in a pink mansion. As she reaches the bottom, she is followed by pall-bearers carrying a pink coffin. As they round the bend in the staircase, the pallbearers drop the coffin, which slides down the stairs, leading into the opening\",\n \"title\": \"What a Way to Go! (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578097\",\n \"text\": \"as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \\\"Tramp\\\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \\\"Katy\\\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \\\"Katy\\\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \\\"Katy\\\", which is a modern retelling of \\\"What Katy Did\\\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" was followed by four sequels: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18928606\",\n \"text\": \"Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \\\"Exclaim!\\\" wrote that the lyrics \\\"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\\\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus on \\\"the daily grind.\\\" About the production, Red Pill explained that \\\"for this particular record, I wanted\",\n \"title\": \"Look What This World Did to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14013880\",\n \"text\": \"And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball? And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball? is the second release on the label 4AD for singer and composer Scott Walker. The album was originally commissioned as a contemporary dance piece for disabled and non-disabled dance company CandoCo, choreographed by Rafael Bonachela. A video with excerpts from the performance can be found at the CandoCo website In a press release from his record label, Walker describes the music in the following way: \\\"\\\"Apart from a slow movement given over\",\n \"title\": \"And Who Shall Go to the Ball? And What Shall Go to the Ball?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8543560\",\n \"text\": \"lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \\\"The Brown Fairy Book\\\" (1904), with the note \\\"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\\\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8543549\",\n \"text\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \\\"The Brown Fairy Book\\\" (1904), with the note \\\"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\\\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8543550\",\n \"text\": \"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \\\"What did the rose do to the cypress?\\\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11939649\",\n \"text\": \"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" and \\\"My Sweet Lord,\\\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \\\"Where Did They Go\\\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \\\"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\\\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1872863\",\n \"text\": \"commercially successful, grossing $72 million domestically, and remaining at number 1 on the U.S. box office for three consecutive weeks. It would go on to gross an additional $53 million in other markets, making for a total of over $125 million in international box office returns. It also was nominated for and won multiple awards. The film was followed by two sequels, \\\"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" (1998) and the straight-to-DVD release \\\"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\\\" (2006). Though the former film has a continuation of the plotline established in its predecessor, the latter\",\n \"title\": \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13579047\",\n \"text\": \"Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13579043\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \\\"What Katy Did\\\" (1872) and \\\"What Katy Did At School\\\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did Next\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578094\",\n \"text\": \"Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \\\"What Katy Did\\\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \\\"Little Women\\\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \\\"What Katy Did\\\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504584\",\n \"text\": \"and sold for $205 million. The fund also had a stake in Sunset+Vine in Hollywood, which was built for $125 million and sold for $160 millon. In the summer of 2006, the company made headlines for concluding a deal with Sodexo, one of the largest food services and facilities management companies in the world. The initiative includes a marketing agreement and the formation of SodexoMAGIC, LLC, a new joint venture that is 51 percent owned by Johnson. Magic Johnson Enterprises has also invested in Jopwell. Jopwell is a diversity hiring startup that helps companies connect with and recruit underrepresented ethnic\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson Enterprises\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13279845\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"there is a perceptible poignancy and longing weaved throughout Jenkins' arrangements. The opener \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" possesses a solitude accentuated by responsive instrumentation that supports, yet never intrudes. Cole's practically conversational delivery of pop standards...become musical soliloquies with the score as a sonic subtext.\\\" Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13279844\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Everyone Go? Where Did Everyone Go? is a 1963 studio album by Nat King Cole, arranged by Gordon Jenkins. This was the third and final album that Cole and Jenkins recorded together, following \\\"Love Is the Thing\\\" (1957) and \\\"The Very Thought of You\\\" (1958). The initial \\\"Billboard\\\" review from April 13, 1963 commented that \\\"Here he is in a superb collection of ballad tunes, many of them in a lonesome, blue mood, with standout backing provided by Gordon Jenkins...Great mood wax for buyers and spinners\\\". The Allmusic review of \\\"Where Did Everyone Go?\\\" by Lindsay Planer said\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Everyone Go?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3994152\",\n \"text\": \"I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\\\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \\\"Fireball\\\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is\",\n \"title\": \"Look What I Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11939648\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Don Sebesky and Al Capps. The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" was Peggy Lee's first album not to make the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart since her Grammy-winning hit \\\"Is That All There Is?\\\" in 1969. Burt Bacharach and Hal David wrote the song \\\"My Rock And Foundation\\\" specifically for Lee. Capitol Records released \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" (backed by \\\"All I Want\\\") as a 45\\\" single\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472322\",\n \"text\": \"tested positive for HIV. In a press conference held on November 7, 1991, Johnson made a public announcement that he would retire immediately. He stated that his wife Cookie and their unborn child did not have HIV, and that he would dedicate his life to \\\"battle this deadly disease\\\". Johnson initially said that he did not know how he contracted the disease, but later acknowledged that it was through having numerous sexual partners during his playing career. He admitted to having \\\"harems of women\\\" and talked openly about his sexual activities because \\\"he was convinced that heterosexuals needed to know\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20791864\",\n \"text\": \"October 10 but will play for their G League affiliate the Lakeland Magic. On October 23, 2018, Johnson was included in the training camp roster of the Lakeland Magic. B. J. Johnson (basketball) B. J. Johnson (born December 21, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Lakeland Magic of the NBA G League. He competed in college basketball for Syracuse and La Salle. Johnson is the son of Robert Johnson, who played basketball at Lower Merion High School from 1986 to 1990. B.J. grew up outside Philadelphia and also attended Lower Merion. He had 22 points and 11\",\n \"title\": \"B. J. Johnson (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2815032\",\n \"text\": \"Johnson State College Johnson State College was a small public liberal arts college in Johnson, Vermont. Founded in 1828 by John Chesamore, in 2018 it was merged with the former Lyndon State College to create Northern Vermont University. Both the college, and the town of Johnson are named for William Samuel Johnson (1727-1819), American jurist, statesman and educator. The town of Johnson, and a part of neighboring Cambridge, Vermont together once made up the King's College Tract, a land grant chartered by King George III in 1774 for the eventual expansion of King's College in New York, today's Columbia University.\",\n \"title\": \"Johnson State College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5753826\",\n \"text\": \"album, \\\"Definitive Collection\\\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \\\"Paper Lace\\\". I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5753825\",\n \"text\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria \\\"I Did What I Did for Maria\\\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \\\"Las Vegas\\\" and \\\"Avenues and Alleyways\\\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation\",\n \"title\": \"I Did What I Did for Maria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13930846\",\n \"text\": \"What Did the Lady Forget? Komiya (Tatsuo Saitō) is an affluent, respected and good-natured professor of medicine at a Tokyo university. He has a wife, Tokiko (Sumiko Kurishima), though they are without children. His niece from Osaka, Setsuko (Michiko Kuwano) comes for a visit. A liberated young lady who smokes and drinks, Setsuko finds Tokiko's attempts to interfere with and control her behaviour annoying. Tokiko asks her husband to go for his usual weekend golfing trip, though Komiya is not keen. So as not to vex his wife, Komiya leaves anyway, and writes a postcard telling his wife the weather\",\n \"title\": \"What Did the Lady Forget?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11942399\",\n \"text\": \"go on the roller coaster, that Charlie is too young to ride. At the end of the show, the audience finds out he is moving to Canada - for good. Although Charlie and Ted fight, the audience can feel the heart-wrenching moment between the two boys when Ted announces his move. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Circle Repertory Company, running from February 6, 1983 to February 20, 1983. Directed by Joan Micklin Silver, the cast included Julie Bovasso as Anna Trumbul, Christine Estabrook as Elsie, and Robert Joy as Ted. \\\"What I Did Last Summer\\\"was recently produced by\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472341\",\n \"text\": \"is a Christian and has said his faith is \\\"the most important thing\\\" in his life. In 2010, Magic Johnson and current and former NBA players such as LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Bill Russell, as well as Maya Moore from the WNBA, played a basketball game with President Barack Obama as an exhibition for a group of military troops who had been injured in action. The game was played at a gym inside Fort McNair, and reporters covering the president were not allowed to enter. The basketball game was part of festivities organized to celebrate Obama's 49th birthday. In\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Johnson\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15358177\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs in a row to reach number one (the others being \\\"Baby Love\\\", \\\"Come\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15358184\",\n \"text\": \"in Vietnam, and foreseeing the end of the early optimism of the 1960s. Where Did Our Love Go \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" is a 1964 song recorded by American music group the Supremes for the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown's main production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, \\\"Where Did Our Love Go\\\" was the first single by the Supremes to go to the number-one position on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 pop singles chart in the United States, a position it held for two weeks, from August 16 to August 29, 1964. It was also the first of five Supremes songs\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did Our Love Go\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13232609\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\", had been delayed to May\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8334567\",\n \"text\": \"– 0:31 16. \\\"A Little Buzz\\\" – 2:46 17. \\\"Kids Didn't Change\\\" – 0:54 18. \\\"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\\\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8334566\",\n \"text\": \"What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \\\"Yo Victa\\\" – 0:07 2. \\\"What Did He Say?\\\" – 3:20 3. \\\"What You Won't Do for Love\\\" – 4:43 4. \\\"Cherokee\\\" – 1:49 5. \\\"Don't Wanna Cry\\\" – 5:07 6. \\\"The Lonliest Monk\\\" – 4:36 7. \\\"A Chance\\\" – 2:54 8. \\\"Radio W-OO-10\\\" – 1:06 9. \\\"Norwegian Wood\\\" – 4:52 10. \\\"Bro John\\\" – 4:18 11. \\\"Naima\\\" – 5:57 12. \\\"Sometimes I Laugh\\\" – 3:20 13. \\\"My Life\\\" – 4:45 14. \\\"The Sojourn of Arjuna\\\" – 6:29 15. \\\"Buzz Ntro\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Did He Say?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":274,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"275"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"When did the United States enter World War II?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"15819497","text":"United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all time was the invasion of France in June 1944. The combatant warships were 79 percent British or Canadian, 17 percent American, and the remainder from other Allies. The U.S. Navy grew slowly in the years prior to World War II. International naval limitations on operation in the 1920s. Battleship production restarted","title":"United States Navy in World War II"},{"docid":"15819527","text":"more airpower than the Japanese Navy. List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all time was the invasion of France in June 1944. The combatant warships were 79 percent British or Canadian, 17 percent American, and the remainder from other Allies. The U.S. Navy grew","title":"United States Navy in World War II"},{"docid":"7529824","text":"Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made official in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend-Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"3400502","text":"cadet or midshipman at the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy or the U.S. Coast Guard Academy between 3 September 1945 and any date in 1946, receiving the medal without having been a veteran of World War II. The reason for this late date is that President Harry S. Truman did not declare an official end of hostilities until the last day of 1946. As every member of the United States Armed Forces who served from December 7, 1941 to December 31, 1946 was eligible for the medal, there were over 12 million eligible recipients, making the World War","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"3400500","text":"Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The medal was designed by Mr. Thomas H. Jones and approved by the Secretary of War on 5 February 1946. Consequently, it did not transition from a ribbon to a full medal until after World War II had ended. The Congressional authorization for the medal specified that it was to be awarded to any member of the United States military, including members of the armed forces of the Government of the Philippine Islands, who served on active duty, or as a reservist, between 7 December 1941","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"7529955","text":"Empire and Chinese forces in Burma and suffered many casualties. On 10 August 1944 the Marauders were consolidated into the 475th Infantry. The U.S. also had an adviser to Chiang Kai-shek and Joseph Stillwell. Units of the Tenth Air Force, Fourteenth Air Force, and Twentieth Air Force of the USAAF also served in the theatre, including the previously mentioned \"Flying Tigers\". Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"17342305","text":"Cuba during World War II The history of Cuba during World War II begins in 1939. Because of Cuba's geographical position at the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, Havana's role as the principal trading port in the West Indies, and the country's natural resources, Cuba was an important participant in the American Theater of World War II, and subsequently one of the greatest beneficiaries of the United States' Lend-Lease program. Cuba declared war on the Axis powers in December 1941, making it one of the first Latin American countries to enter the conflict, and by the war's end in","title":"Cuba during World War II"},{"docid":"3400501","text":"and 31 December 1946. On 8 August 1946, the separate Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal was established for members of the United States Merchant Marine who served during World War II. The medal is awarded for service between 7 December 1941 and 31 December 1946, both dates inclusive. The National Personnel Records Center has reported some cases of service members receiving the award for simply a few days of service. As the Second World War ended on 2 September 1945, there may be cases of service members who had enlisted, entered officer candidate school, or had been a","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"4457445","text":"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor Scholars have identified various events as being the first engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. They disagree on which events led to formal entry of the United States into the conflict. The first American hostile action against Axis forces was on 10 April 1941, when the destroyer attacked a German U-boat the U-52 that had just sunk a Dutch freighter \"Saleier\". \"Niblack\" was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected a U-boat preparing","title":"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"4457447","text":"first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later. The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. First engagement of neutral United States","title":"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor"},{"docid":"17377468","text":"War II began, the Venezuelan military was badly in need of modernization, and the United States was eager to help in return for Venezuela's support in the war. However, the United States was concerned about a possible enemy attack on Venezuela, in order to disrupt oil production, if it did openly join the Allied cause and declare war. As result, the Venezuelan government broke relations with the Axis powers on December 31, 1941, but it did not declare war until February 15, 1945, when the threat of an attack against the oil was gone. Therefore, the Venezuelan military never met","title":"Venezuela during World War II"},{"docid":"5500619","text":"to declare war on Germany on 10 September 1939. Because of Cuba's geographical position at the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, Havana's role as the principal trading port in the West Indies, and the country's natural resources, Cuba was an important participant in the American Theater of World War II, and subsequently one of the greatest beneficiaries of the United States' Lend-Lease program. Cuba declared war on the Axis powers in December 1941, making it one of the first Latin American countries to enter the conflict, and by the war's end in 1945 its military had developed a reputation","title":"Allies of World War II"},{"docid":"4432411","text":"tin to the Allies , but with no coastline, the landlocked country did not send troops or warplanes overseas. Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of Yugoslavia during World War II. So see this article's section on Yugoslavia. Brazil was under its second civilian military dictatorship led by Getúlio Vargas, maintaining its official neutrality until 1941, when it allowed US forces to use bases to patrol the South Atlantic. The United States built several airfields on Brazilian soil with the understanding that shortly after the war ended, they would be turned over to Brazil. In the wake of the Japanese attack","title":"World War II by country"},{"docid":"17587141","text":"in a state of war with the United States of America. Accept, Mr. Charge d'Affaires, the expression of my high consideration. December 11, 1941. RIBBENTROP. Notes Bibliography German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war","title":"German declaration of war against the United States"},{"docid":"17587118","text":"German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. The course of relations between Germany and","title":"German declaration of war against the United States"},{"docid":"16941898","text":"for Pacific transfer were repainted in dazzle, only to be painted again in Measure 21 or 22 on arrival at the West Coast or Hawaii. <nowiki>* Not a specification; measured by the US Bureau of Standards in October 1941</nowiki><br> <nowiki>** Not a specification; estimated </nowiki><br> <nowiki>*** In other words, paint issued by BY&D for shore facilities and their equipment, procured by Amphibious Force crews during mid to late 1942</nowiki> World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy In 1935, the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory began studies and tests on low visibility ship camouflage. Research continued","title":"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy"},{"docid":"7529832","text":"Soviet Union as well as Britain and China. Prior to America's entry into World War II in December 1941, individual Americans volunteered to fight against the Axis powers in other nations' armed forces. Although under American law, it was illegal for United States citizens to join the armed forces of foreign nations and in doing so, they lost their citizenship, many American volunteers changed their nationality to Canadian. However Congress passed a blanket pardon in 1944. American mercenary Colonel Charles Sweeny living in London began recruiting American citizens to fight as a U.S. volunteer detachment in the French Air force,","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"15819497\",\n \"text\": \"United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all time was the invasion of France in June 1944. The combatant warships were 79 percent British or Canadian, 17 percent American, and the remainder from other Allies. The U.S. Navy grew slowly in the years prior to World War II. International naval limitations on operation in the 1920s. Battleship production restarted\",\n \"title\": \"United States Navy in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15819527\",\n \"text\": \"more airpower than the Japanese Navy. List of US Navy ships sunk or damaged in action during World War II United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all time was the invasion of France in June 1944. The combatant warships were 79 percent British or Canadian, 17 percent American, and the remainder from other Allies. The U.S. Navy grew\",\n \"title\": \"United States Navy in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529824\",\n \"text\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. During the first two years of World War II, the United States had maintained formal neutrality as made official in the Quarantine Speech delivered by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937, while supplying Britain, the Soviet Union, and China with war materiel through the Lend-Lease Act which was signed into law on 11 March 1941, as well as deploying the\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400502\",\n \"text\": \"cadet or midshipman at the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy or the U.S. Coast Guard Academy between 3 September 1945 and any date in 1946, receiving the medal without having been a veteran of World War II. The reason for this late date is that President Harry S. Truman did not declare an official end of hostilities until the last day of 1946. As every member of the United States Armed Forces who served from December 7, 1941 to December 31, 1946 was eligible for the medal, there were over 12 million eligible recipients, making the World War\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400500\",\n \"text\": \"Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The medal was designed by Mr. Thomas H. Jones and approved by the Secretary of War on 5 February 1946. Consequently, it did not transition from a ribbon to a full medal until after World War II had ended. The Congressional authorization for the medal specified that it was to be awarded to any member of the United States military, including members of the armed forces of the Government of the Philippine Islands, who served on active duty, or as a reservist, between 7 December 1941\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529955\",\n \"text\": \"Empire and Chinese forces in Burma and suffered many casualties. On 10 August 1944 the Marauders were consolidated into the 475th Infantry. The U.S. also had an adviser to Chiang Kai-shek and Joseph Stillwell. Units of the Tenth Air Force, Fourteenth Air Force, and Twentieth Air Force of the USAAF also served in the theatre, including the previously mentioned \\\"Flying Tigers\\\". Military history of the United States during World War II The military history of the United States in World War II covers the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan, starting with the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17342305\",\n \"text\": \"Cuba during World War II The history of Cuba during World War II begins in 1939. Because of Cuba's geographical position at the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, Havana's role as the principal trading port in the West Indies, and the country's natural resources, Cuba was an important participant in the American Theater of World War II, and subsequently one of the greatest beneficiaries of the United States' Lend-Lease program. Cuba declared war on the Axis powers in December 1941, making it one of the first Latin American countries to enter the conflict, and by the war's end in\",\n \"title\": \"Cuba during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400501\",\n \"text\": \"and 31 December 1946. On 8 August 1946, the separate Merchant Marine World War II Victory Medal was established for members of the United States Merchant Marine who served during World War II. The medal is awarded for service between 7 December 1941 and 31 December 1946, both dates inclusive. The National Personnel Records Center has reported some cases of service members receiving the award for simply a few days of service. As the Second World War ended on 2 September 1945, there may be cases of service members who had enlisted, entered officer candidate school, or had been a\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4457445\",\n \"text\": \"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor Scholars have identified various events as being the first engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor. They disagree on which events led to formal entry of the United States into the conflict. The first American hostile action against Axis forces was on 10 April 1941, when the destroyer attacked a German U-boat the U-52 that had just sunk a Dutch freighter \\\"Saleier\\\". \\\"Niblack\\\" was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected a U-boat preparing\",\n \"title\": \"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4457447\",\n \"text\": \"first American-caused casualties occurred on 7 December 1941 when the attacked and sank a Japanese midget submarine near the entrance to Pearl Harbor prior to the commencement of the Japanese air attack upon Hawaii later that day. As a result of the attack on Hawaii, America declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941. Germany and Italy declared war on the United States three days later. The first planned offensive action by the United States in World War II came in January 1942 when the aircraft carrier attacked Japanese bases in the Marshall Islands. First engagement of neutral United States\",\n \"title\": \"First engagement of neutral United States in World War II before the attack on Pearl Harbor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17377468\",\n \"text\": \"War II began, the Venezuelan military was badly in need of modernization, and the United States was eager to help in return for Venezuela's support in the war. However, the United States was concerned about a possible enemy attack on Venezuela, in order to disrupt oil production, if it did openly join the Allied cause and declare war. As result, the Venezuelan government broke relations with the Axis powers on December 31, 1941, but it did not declare war until February 15, 1945, when the threat of an attack against the oil was gone. Therefore, the Venezuelan military never met\",\n \"title\": \"Venezuela during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5500619\",\n \"text\": \"to declare war on Germany on 10 September 1939. Because of Cuba's geographical position at the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, Havana's role as the principal trading port in the West Indies, and the country's natural resources, Cuba was an important participant in the American Theater of World War II, and subsequently one of the greatest beneficiaries of the United States' Lend-Lease program. Cuba declared war on the Axis powers in December 1941, making it one of the first Latin American countries to enter the conflict, and by the war's end in 1945 its military had developed a reputation\",\n \"title\": \"Allies of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4432411\",\n \"text\": \"tin to the Allies , but with no coastline, the landlocked country did not send troops or warplanes overseas. Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of Yugoslavia during World War II. So see this article's section on Yugoslavia. Brazil was under its second civilian military dictatorship led by Getúlio Vargas, maintaining its official neutrality until 1941, when it allowed US forces to use bases to patrol the South Atlantic. The United States built several airfields on Brazilian soil with the understanding that shortly after the war ended, they would be turned over to Brazil. In the wake of the Japanese attack\",\n \"title\": \"World War II by country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17587141\",\n \"text\": \"in a state of war with the United States of America. Accept, Mr. Charge d'Affaires, the expression of my high consideration. December 11, 1941. RIBBENTROP. Notes Bibliography German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war\",\n \"title\": \"German declaration of war against the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17587118\",\n \"text\": \"German declaration of war against the United States On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II. The decision to declare war was made by Adolf Hitler, apparently offhand, almost without consultation. Later that day, the United States declared war on Germany. The course of relations between Germany and\",\n \"title\": \"German declaration of war against the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16941898\",\n \"text\": \"for Pacific transfer were repainted in dazzle, only to be painted again in Measure 21 or 22 on arrival at the West Coast or Hawaii. <nowiki>* Not a specification; measured by the US Bureau of Standards in October 1941</nowiki><br> <nowiki>** Not a specification; estimated </nowiki><br> <nowiki>*** In other words, paint issued by BY&D for shore facilities and their equipment, procured by Amphibious Force crews during mid to late 1942</nowiki> World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy In 1935, the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory began studies and tests on low visibility ship camouflage. Research continued\",\n \"title\": \"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529832\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet Union as well as Britain and China. Prior to America's entry into World War II in December 1941, individual Americans volunteered to fight against the Axis powers in other nations' armed forces. Although under American law, it was illegal for United States citizens to join the armed forces of foreign nations and in doing so, they lost their citizenship, many American volunteers changed their nationality to Canadian. However Congress passed a blanket pardon in 1944. American mercenary Colonel Charles Sweeny living in London began recruiting American citizens to fight as a U.S. volunteer detachment in the French Air force,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3400505","text":"included clasps, the World War II Victory Medal did not. This was because campaign medals were awarded instead. World War II Victory Medal (United States) The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The corresponding medal from World War I is the World War I Victory Medal. The World War II Victory Medal was first issued as a service ribbon referred to as the “Victory Ribbon.”","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"3400499","text":"World War II Victory Medal (United States) The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The corresponding medal from World War I is the World War I Victory Medal. The World War II Victory Medal was first issued as a service ribbon referred to as the “Victory Ribbon.” The World War II Victory Medal was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"3987037","text":"Politics of the United States during World War II The United States maintained its Representative Democracy government structure throughout World War II. Certain expediencies were taken within the existing structure of the Federal government, such as conscription and other violations of civil liberties, and the internment and later dispersal of Japanese-Americans. Still, elections were held as scheduled in 1944. The United States entered World War II with the Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This Administration had been preparing for war for a while by the time of the","title":"Politics of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"11305623","text":"United States Submarine Operations in World War II United States Submarine Operations in World War II by Theodore Roscoe is a classic history of the role of the United States Navy submarines in World War II, earning him the title of \"grandfather\" of World War II American Submarine historiography. Because the book was written shortly after the war, later scholars have found errors or omissions in its facts. Nevertheless, the book's sweeping narrative maintains it as a classic text in the American submarine force; excerpts are often read at ceremonies where submariners earn their Submarine Warfare insignia. After World War","title":"United States Submarine Operations in World War II"},{"docid":"3987039","text":"most part civilians. In addition, the following offices reported to the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Politics of the United States during World War II The United States maintained its Representative Democracy government structure throughout World War II. Certain expediencies were taken within the existing structure of the Federal government, such as conscription and other violations of civil liberties, and the internment and later dispersal of Japanese-Americans. Still, elections were held as scheduled in 1944. The United States entered World War II with the Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.","title":"Politics of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"19680432","text":"United States Army in World War II United States Army in World War II is the official history of the ground forces of the United States Army during World War II. The 78-volume work was originally published beginning in 1946. The work describes and to a degree evaluates the ground operations of the Army in 21 volumes. Additional volumes address grand strategy; recruitment, organization, and training; the service forces; the technical services; and special studies; again almost exclusively those of the ground forces. Three additional volumes provide a pictorial account. (Air operations, logistics, and training are presented in a separate","title":"United States Army in World War II"},{"docid":"19680437","text":"dust jacket) whose face was a black-and-white photograph with the title superimposed. They omitted the original editions’ fold-out maps but instead printed them in two separate atlases. Two volumes, ‘’Cross Channel Attack’’ and ‘’The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge’’, were reprinted in the 1990s by Konecky & Konecky in a large 8½” by 11” format. They, too, omitted the fold-out maps. Other publishing houses have also reprinted selected volumes. United States Army in World War II United States Army in World War II is the official history of the ground forces of the United States Army during World War II.","title":"United States Army in World War II"},{"docid":"11305635","text":"source for Roscoe, and the seminal source for Blair: The \"Operational History\" produced by Voge et al. is a massive document of more than 1500 pages dealing with every conceivable operational aspect of the submarine war. No one attempting a serious submarine history should begin without consulting it. United States Submarine Operations in World War II United States Submarine Operations in World War II by Theodore Roscoe is a classic history of the role of the United States Navy submarines in World War II, earning him the title of \"grandfather\" of World War II American Submarine historiography. Because the book","title":"United States Submarine Operations in World War II"},{"docid":"15082397","text":"World War II: When Lions Roared World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were Giants) is a 1994 American war television miniseries, directed by Joseph Sargent, and starring Michael Caine, John Lithgow and Bob Hoskins as the three major Allied leaders, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill respectively. It was notable as the first video production to be produced in an early form of analog high-definition video using the Sony HDVS line of equipment expressly for broadcast in the United States on the NBC television network. The film portrays Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin as they maneuver their countries","title":"World War II: When Lions Roared"},{"docid":"6658534","text":"wet winter wear. The shoepac was a leather boot with rubberized lower top and sole, worn in conjunction with the wool ski sock. While it was effective in keeping feet protected from soaking and freezing ground, the shoepac lacked foot support and tended to wear quickly; it also resulted in incidents of foot injuries when a soldier wearing shoepacs on a march in freezing weather stopped to rest, allowing perspiration-soaked socks inside the boot to freeze. <br> United States Army uniforms in World War II The United States Army in World War II used a variety of standard and non-standard","title":"United States Army uniforms in World War II"},{"docid":"20146964","text":"United States military vehicle markings of World War II Military markings on United States army vehicles were upgraded in August 1942 when specific new rules were adopted. New marks, from the national identification symbol downwards were ordered to be put on \"all motor vehicles assigned to tactical units\". The letters U.S. or US appeared on vehicles during World War I, the United States American Expeditionary Forces units began arriving in France in June 1917. Formation signs and War Department vehicle identification numbers were painted on the sides. Ambulances of the United States Army Ambulance Service carrying a red cross and","title":"United States military vehicle markings of World War II"},{"docid":"14788823","text":"the ancient mariners. The publication contained news pertaining to the submarine veterans, the U.S. Navy, and the outside world. SVWWII reaffirmed their plan for a formal organizational closure in Norfolk, Virginia at the 2012 convention. Local chapters will continue to function so long as there is an interest in doing so. United States Submarine Veterans of World War II The United States Submarine Veterans of World War II is a congressionally chartered veterans organization that was established to \"perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who gave their lives in submarine warfare\" during World War II. In 1956 a group of","title":"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II"},{"docid":"14788804","text":"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II The United States Submarine Veterans of World War II is a congressionally chartered veterans organization that was established to \"perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who gave their lives in submarine warfare\" during World War II. In 1956 a group of Plankowners formulated and discussed thoroughly the \"purpose of\" a \"motto\" of the newly formed organization. 1956 version: \"The purpose of this organization is to perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who voluntarily gave their lives in submarine warfare; to further promote and keep alive the spirit and unity that existed among","title":"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II"},{"docid":"20146984","text":"lacklustre blue paint, generally on both sides and tailgate. Veterinary ambulances carry a green cross. United States military vehicle markings of World War II Military markings on United States army vehicles were upgraded in August 1942 when specific new rules were adopted. New marks, from the national identification symbol downwards were ordered to be put on \"all motor vehicles assigned to tactical units\". The letters U.S. or US appeared on vehicles during World War I, the United States American Expeditionary Forces units began arriving in France in June 1917. Formation signs and War Department vehicle identification numbers were painted on","title":"United States military vehicle markings of World War II"},{"docid":"7809512","text":"Smith Act, also known as the Alien Registration Act of 1940, which required indicted communists, anarchists and fascists. Another program was the Bracero Program, which allowed over two decades, nearly 5 million Mexican workers to come and work in the United States. After World War II, there was also the Truman Directive of 1945, which did not allow more people to migrate, but did use the immigration quotas to let in more displaced people after the war. There was also the War Brides Act of 1945, which allowed spouses of US soldiers to get an expedited path towards citizenship. In","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"7809538","text":"the most extensive and well-organized drives; it was mobilized by the \"Omaha World Herald\" newspaper. Although the Axis powers never launched a full-scale invasion on the U.S. mainland, there were attacks and acts of sabotage on U.S. soil. United States home front during World War II The home front of the United States in World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good \"for the duration [of the war].\"","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"7809461","text":"United States home front during World War II The home front of the United States in World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good \"for the duration [of the war].\" The labor market changed radically. Peacetime conflicts with respect to race and labor took on a special dimension because of the pressure for national unity. The Hollywood film industry was important for propaganda. Every aspect of life from","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"2145782","text":"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Morison, already convinced of the value of personal involvement as a result of sailing experience while writing his biography of Christopher Columbus, wrote to President Roosevelt suggesting the preparation of an official history of the Navy in the war, and volunteering for the","title":"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II"},{"docid":"7529903","text":"were left severely depleted of men and equipment, as survivors retreated to the defenses of the Siegfried Line. With about 610,000 men committed and some 89,000 casualties, including 19,000 killed, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest and bloodiest battle fought by the United States in World War II. The Colmar Pocket (French: Poche de Colmar; German: Brückenkopf Elsaß) was the area held in central Alsace, France by the German Nineteenth Army from November 1944 – February 1945, against the U.S. 6th Army Group during World War II. It was formed when 6th AG liberated southern and northern Alsace","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"17589466","text":"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II The Demobilization of United States armed forces after the Second World War began with the defeat of Germany in May 1945 and continued through 1946. The United States had more than 12 million men and women in the armed forces at the end of World War II of whom 7.6 million were stationed abroad. The American public demanded a rapid demobilization and soldiers protested the slowness of the process. Military personnel were returned to the United States in Operation \"Magic Carpet\". By June 30, 1947, the number of active duty","title":"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II"},{"docid":"20602748","text":"came from the British Empire. Canada operated a similar program on behalf of Great Britain, and Britain itself operated a similar one for the Soviet Union. In terms of repaying Washington after the war ended, the policy became one of fair shares. In the end, no one paid for the goods it received , although they did pay for goods in transit that were received after the program ended . Roosevelt told Congress in June 1942: The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set","title":"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II"},{"docid":"2145786","text":"become the 1952-53 TV series, \"Victory at Sea\". The success of this TV series played a major role in establishing the historic documentary--using combat footage--as a viable television genre. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Morison, already convinced of the value of personal involvement as a result of sailing","title":"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II"},{"docid":"6658505","text":"United States Army uniforms in World War II The United States Army in World War II used a variety of standard and non-standard dress and battle uniforms, which often changed depending upon the theater of war, climatic environment, and supply exigencies. The uniform consists of an Olive Drab (OD-51) peaked cap with a russet leather visor, white linen spread-collared shirt with a black worsted wool tie, Olive Drab wool trousers, an olive-drab (OD-51) wool four-button tunic with leather belt, and russet-brown leather Type I (leather-soled) service shoes. By 1942 the white linen shirt was replaced by the \"Class B\" olive","title":"United States Army uniforms in World War II"},{"docid":"20602754","text":"base for American supplies sent to India, and Lend Lease operations boosted the local economy. The 2 million Indian soldiers were a major factor in British success in the Middle East. Muslim support for the British war effort proved decisive in the British decision to partition the Raj, forming of the new state of Pakistan. United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal","title":"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II"},{"docid":"7809510","text":"role difficult to handle. Stress came when sons, husbands, fathers, brothers, and fiancés were drafted and sent to faraway training camps, preparing for a war in which nobody knew how many would be killed. Millions of wives tried to relocate near their husbands' training camps. During World War II the trend in immigration policies were both more and less restrictive. The United States immigration policies focused more on national security and were driven by foreign policy imperatives. Legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was finally repealed. This Act was the first law in the United States that","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"3037640","text":"United States aircraft production during World War II America's manufacturers in World War II were engaged in the greatest military industrial effort in history. Aircraft companies went from building a handful of planes at a time to building them by the thousands on assembly lines. Aircraft manufacturing went from a distant 41st place among American industries to first place in less than five years. In 1939, total aircraft production for the US military was less than 3,000 planes. By the end of the war, America produced 300,000 planes. No war was more industrialized than World War II. It was a","title":"United States aircraft production during World War II"},{"docid":"17589482","text":"military forces remained at a level of about 1.5 million personnel until the Korean War in 1950. Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II The Demobilization of United States armed forces after the Second World War began with the defeat of Germany in May 1945 and continued through 1946. The United States had more than 12 million men and women in the armed forces at the end of World War II of whom 7.6 million were stationed abroad. The American public demanded a rapid demobilization and soldiers protested the slowness of the process. Military personnel were returned","title":"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II"},{"docid":"16990024","text":"from battalion to field army and were faked using documents, photographs, double agents, news reportage and physical subterfuge. Some of the units were either based on existing decommissioned formations (usually World War I formations) or created afresh. Many were used multiple times, Clarke in particular believed that reusing units in the long term would help establish their existence in the mind of the enemy. United States Army deception formations of World War II The United States Army created a large number of notional deception formations that were used in a number of World War II deception operations. The most notable","title":"United States Army deception formations of World War II"},{"docid":"20602732","text":"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal ties, that operated apart from their respective diplomatic and military organizations. Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill have thoroughly dominated the popular and scholarly writings, each stood atop a complex decision-making's does system that guaranteed inputs from military, diplomatic, business and public opinion. In terms of foreign-policy, Roosevelt for years had developed a system whereby he","title":"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II"},{"docid":"1811325","text":"the South-East Asian Theater The American General Joseph Stilwell commanded the operational Northern Combat Area Command and used his other positions to communicate directly with Joint Chiefs of Staff about some operational matters. United States theaters of operations in World War II During World War II, the United States Army divided its operations around the world into four theaters. Forces from many different Allied nations fought in these theaters. Other Allied countries have different conceptions of the theaters and/or different names for them. Operational command SHAEF Operational command AFHQ Operational commands were the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific. The","title":"United States theaters of operations in World War II"},{"docid":"1811324","text":"United States theaters of operations in World War II During World War II, the United States Army divided its operations around the world into four theaters. Forces from many different Allied nations fought in these theaters. Other Allied countries have different conceptions of the theaters and/or different names for them. Operational command SHAEF Operational command AFHQ Operational commands were the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific. The China Burma India Theater served more as an Administrative Command rather than a Theater of Operations and lacked any true Operational Command. The Operational Command was joint Allied South East Asia Command in","title":"United States theaters of operations in World War II"},{"docid":"16941884","text":"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy In 1935, the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory began studies and tests on low visibility ship camouflage. Research continued through World War II to (1) reduce visibility by painting vertical surfaces to harmonize with the horizon and horizontal surfaces to blend with the sea, or (2) confuse identity and course by painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces. Some camouflage methods served both purposes. American captains were permitted less freedom of interpretation with these schemes (other than Measure 12 Modified) than their British Commonwealth counterparts applied to Admiralty camouflage","title":"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy"},{"docid":"14253799","text":"World War I grew up to become the adults of World War II. These children were exposed to propaganda and indoctrinated to value strong nationalism and loyalty to the United States and its allies. Therefore, when World War II was on the forefront, many of the adults in the United States still harbored negative feelings toward the Germans because of their schooling during World War I. Additionally, women were granted suffrage shortly after World War I. This was partly due to the fact that they had moved away from their traditional roles and filled the factory jobs that the men","title":"Effect of World War I on children in the United States"},{"docid":"16990023","text":"United States Army deception formations of World War II The United States Army created a large number of notional deception formations that were used in a number of World War II deception operations. The most notable fictional US formation was the First U.S. Army Group (FUSAG); this field army was originally intended as the main invasion force for the Invasion of Normandy, however that was renamed to the 12th Army Group. FUSAG remained in existence on paper and was used during Operation Fortitude South to divert Axis attention to the Pas de Calais area. The imaginary formations ranged in size","title":"United States Army deception formations of World War II"},{"docid":"3536809","text":"Ribbon became a full-sized medal as the World War II Victory Medal, at which point the World War I Victory Medal adopted its current name. However, some military records as late as the 1950s continued to annotate the World War I decoration by its previous name, and the medal was often referred to as \"Victory Medal (WWI)\". Not only did the United States issue a Victory Medal, but so did a significant number of Allied and associated countries involved in the conflict against the Dual Alliance between Austria and Germany. The proposition of such a common award was first made","title":"World War I Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"3400503","text":"II Victory Medal one of the most widely awarded decorations of the United States military. The bronze medal is 1 inches in width. The obverse is a figure of Liberation standing full length with head turned to dexter looking to the dawn of a new day, right foot resting on a war god’s helmet with the hilt of a broken sword in the right hand and the broken blade in the left hand, the inscription \"WORLD WAR II\" placed immediately below the center. On the reverse are inscriptions for the Four Freedoms: \"FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND WANT\" and \"FREEDOM OF","title":"World War II Victory Medal (United States)"},{"docid":"10229434","text":"Although the United States had had a long history of interventions in Latin America, the expropriation did not result in that. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was implementing the Good Neighbor Policy, in which the U.S. eschewed the role of intervention and courted better relations with the region, which would be vital if another major conflict broke out in Europe. However, with the Great Depression, the United States implemented a program of expelling Mexicans from the U.S. in what was known as Mexican Repatriation. When the U.S. did enter World War II, it negotiated an agreement with Mexican President Manuel","title":"Mexico–United States relations"},{"docid":"7529954","text":"Axis Power, V-J Day also marked the end of World War II. The United States contributed several forces to the China Burma India theater, such as the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional) but nicknamed \"Merrill's Marauders\" after its commander; Frank Merrill, it was a United States Army long range penetration special operations jungle warfare unit organized as light infantry assault units. In slightly more than five months of combat in 1944, the Marauders advanced 750 miles through some of the harshest jungle terrain in the world, fought in five major engagements, mostly behind enemy lines, with or in support of British","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"20602747","text":"$10.7 billion, and all other countries $2.9 billion. The question of repayment came up, and Roosevelt repeatedly insisted the United States did not want a postwar debt problem of the sort that had troubled relations after the first world war. A small fraction of goods that were still useful – such as merchant ships – were returned to the United States. The recipients provided bases and supplies to American forces on their own soil. The cost, including rents, was called \"Reverse Lend Lease\", that is, aid given to the United States. It came to $7.8 billion overall, of which 86%","title":"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II"},{"docid":"15819505","text":"was \"sunk\" at Pearl Harbor. It is correct to say that American industrial might was a deciding factor in World War II, and Admiral Yamamoto knew that a prolonged war for Japan was a losing war. The Battle of Midway, together with the Guadalcanal campaign, marked the turning point in the Pacific. Between June 4–7, 1942, the United States Navy decisively defeated a Japanese naval force that had sought to lure the U.S. carrier fleet into a trap at Midway Atoll. The Japanese fleet lost four aircraft carriers to the U.S. Navy's one American carrier and a destroyer. After Midway,","title":"United States Navy in World War II"},{"docid":"11292222","text":"Kansas World War II army airfields During World War II, Kansas was a major United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) training center for pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Kansas was favored because it has excellent, year-round flying conditions. The sparsely populated land made ideal locations for gunnery, bombing, and training ranges. The training that was given to the airmen stationed at these airfields gave them the skills and knowledge that enabled them to enter combat in all theaters of warfare, and enabled the Allies to defeat Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. The majority of these airfields were","title":"Kansas World War II army airfields"},{"docid":"16486919","text":"Professional sports in the Western United States Professional sports have existed in the United States since the late 19th century. The NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL have millions of fans across the nation, and are an important part of American culture. Professional sports did not enter into the American West until the mid-twentieth century. However, the expansion of professional sports into the West has helped to increase the popularity of each of the professional leagues and has changed the landscape of professional sports in America. Prior to World War II, top-level professional sports in the United States did not exist","title":"Professional sports in the Western United States"},{"docid":"1626897","text":"of the Fifth Army in May 1945. II Corps was inactivated in Austria on 10 October 1945, following Germany's surrender. In March 1958, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, became Headquarters for the reactivated II Corps as the controlling headquarters for United States Army Reserve units across the northeast. It also assigned personnel to active duty during the Vietnam war when its headquarters was moved to Fort Wadsworth, New York. The corps was inactivated on 5 June 1970. II Corps (United States) The II Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army that was active in both World War I","title":"II Corps (United States)"},{"docid":"3037644","text":"and also complete aircraft. Ford set up the Willow Run production facility and built complete Consolidated B-24 Liberators as well as sections to be assembled at other plants. ¹ ² William S. Knudsen, an automotive industry executive who was made Chairman of the Office of Production Management and member of the National Defense Advisory Commission by the Roosevelt administration to organize war production, said, \"We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible.\" United States aircraft production during World War II America's manufacturers in World War","title":"United States aircraft production during World War II"},{"docid":"20651489","text":"1945. In 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt visited the Gambia, the first visit by a sitting President of the United States to the African continent. The Colony-class light cruiser HMS Gambia, which saw active service during World War II, took its name from the colony. It maintained a connection with the Gambia throughout its service, and on 28 May 1943, called at Bathurst when it was en route to Cape Town. The Gambia is also home to Fajara War Cemetery, now maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, which contains 203 Commonwealth burials from World War II, four of which are","title":"The Gambia in World War II"},{"docid":"7529846","text":"that their strategic objectives were: (1) \"The early defeat of Germany as the predominant member of the Axis with the principal military effort of the United States being exerted in the Atlantic and European area; and (2) A strategic defensive in the Far East.\" Thus, the Americans concurred with the British in the grand strategy of \"Europe first\" (or \"Germany first\") in carrying out military operations in World War II. The UK feared that, if the United States was diverted from its main focus in Europe to the Pacific (Japan), Hitler might crush both the Soviet Union and Britain, and","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"7529830","text":"With the Soviets unstoppable in the east, and the Allies unstoppable in the west, Germany was squeezed to death. Berlin fell to the Soviets in May 1945, and with Adolf Hitler dead, the Germans surrendered. The military effort was strongly supported by civilians on the home front, who provided the military personnel, the munitions, the money, and the morale to fight the war to victory. World War II cost the United States an estimated $341 billion in 1945 dollars – equivalent to 74% of America's GDP and expenditures during the war. In 2015 dollars, the war cost over $4.5 trillion.","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"1626889","text":"II Corps (United States) The II Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army that was active in both World War I and World War II. It was originally formed and fought on the Western Front during World War I and was also the first American formation of any size to see combat in North Africa or Europe during World War II. II Corps was organized on 24 February 1918. It first saw significant action in Europe in August 1918, in the Hundred Days Offensive, as part of the British Third Army. Advances made during a secondary assault","title":"II Corps (United States)"},{"docid":"7809511","text":"excluded a specific group- the Chinese from migrating to the United States. But during World War II, with the Chinese as allies, the United States passed the Magnuson Act, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943. There was also the Nationality Act of 1940, which clarified how to become and remain a citizen. Specifically, it allowed immigrants who were not citizens, like the Filipinos or those in the outside territories to gain citizenship by enlisting in the army. In contrast, the Japanese and Japanese-Americans were subject to internment in the U.S. There was also legislation like the","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"18475721","text":"Liberia in World War II Liberia did not become militarily involved in World War II until January, 1944, with the election of William Tubman, at which time the country declared war on Germany and Japan. However, even before the start of Liberia's official military involvement, the nation participated in the war for two years under the terms of a Defense Agreement with the United States. Apart from Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka) and the Belgian Congo, Liberia possessed one of the few remaining sources of rubber for the Allies. To guarantee a steady supply of rubber from the world's largest","title":"Liberia in World War II"},{"docid":"6253010","text":"Citizens Committee on Displaced Persons, favored allowing European refugees from World War II to enter the United States. Truman signed the first Displaced Persons Act on June 25, 1948. It allowed 200,000 displaced persons to enter the country within the next two years. However, they exceeded the quota by extending the act for another two years, which doubled the admission of refugees into the United States to 415,000. From 1949 to 1952, about half the 900,000 immigrants that entered the United States were displaced persons. In order to qualify for American visas, only those that were in internment camps by","title":"Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe"},{"docid":"8639814","text":"United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II The U.S. Army enlisted rank insignia that was used during World War II differs from the current system. The color scheme used for the insignia's chevron design was defined as either silver grey on dark blue, olive drab on dark blue, or khaki on dark blue (as seen in the charts below). This scheme of rank insignia was established by War Department Circular No. 303 on 5 August 1920 and would see two significant changes in 1942. The usage of this style of insignia was ended by Department of the","title":"United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II"},{"docid":"15477799","text":"German prisoners of war in the United States Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II. Hostilities ended six months after the United States saw its first action in World War I, and only a relatively small number of German prisoners of war reached the U.S. Many prisoners were German sailors caught in port by U.S. forces far away from the European battlefield. The United States Department of","title":"German prisoners of war in the United States"},{"docid":"10749471","text":"Civil War as well as its long refusal to recognize the Soviet Union's existence as a state. During the meetings from 1943-45 there were disputes over the growing list of demands from the USSR. Tensions increased further when Roosevelt died and his successor Harry Truman rejected demands put forth by Stalin. Grand Alliance (World War II) The Grand Alliance, also known as The Big Three, was a military alliance consisting of the three major Allies of World War II: the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It is often called the \"Strange Alliance\" because it united the","title":"Grand Alliance (World War II)"},{"docid":"6303195","text":"time to purchase the standard 5-dollar War Savings Certificate stamp. When the Treasury began issuing war savings stamps during World War II, the lowest denomination was a 10-cent stamp, enabling ordinary citizens to purchase them. In many cases, collections of war savings stamps could be redeemed for Treasury Certificates or War Bonds. The United States Treasury Department issued its first war savings stamps in late 1917 in order to help pay for the costs incurred through involvement in World War I. The estimated cost of World War I for the United States was approximately $32 billion, and by the end","title":"War savings stamps of the United States"},{"docid":"10669412","text":"aboard the Battleship when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The \"Nevada\" was among the ships which were in the harbor that day. As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of United States Armed Forces as volunteers or through the draft. In","title":"Hispanic Americans in World War II"},{"docid":"15082399","text":"aid the Soviet Union in their fight against Nazi Germany. It was nominated for 6 Emmy Awards, including Best Actor for Michael Caine, but only won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries or a Special. Certain UK home versions used an edited version of the film running at 115 minutes, under the alternate title of \"Then There Were Giants\". The complete film was released on a two-disc DVD set on February 13, 2007. World War II: When Lions Roared World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were","title":"World War II: When Lions Roared"},{"docid":"17342306","text":"1945 its military had developed a reputation as being the most efficient and cooperative of all the Caribbean nations. Federico Laredo Brú was the President of Cuba when the war began in 1939. His one significant World War II-related crisis before leaving office in 1940 was the MS \"St. Louis\" affair. The MS \"St. Louis\" was a German ocean liner carrying over 900 Jewish refugees from Germany to Cuba. Upon arriving in Havana, the Cuban government refused to allow the refugees to land because they did not have proper permits and visas. After sailing north, the United States and Canadian","title":"Cuba during World War II"},{"docid":"15849688","text":"Naval history of World War II In the beginning of World War II the Royal Navy was still the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across the globe. Totalling over 15 battleships and battlecruisers, 7 aircraft carriers, 66 cruisers, 164 destroyers and 66 submarines. In the course of the war the United States Navy grew tremendously as the United States was faced with a two-front war on the seas. By the end of World War II the U.S Navy was larger than any other navy in the world. The United","title":"Naval history of World War II"},{"docid":"7529848","text":"the defeat of Japan must follow.\" The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the Kriegsmarine (German navy) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) against the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, the United States Navy,","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"7529906","text":"captured as prisoners of war. The South German Offensive is the general name of one of the final offensives of World War II in Europe. The offensive was led by the Seventh and Third armies of the United States along with the First Army of France. Soviet troops linked up with American forces in Czechoslovakia notably in the Battle of Slivice. The offensive was made by the US 6th Army Group to protect the 12th Army Group's right flank and to prevent a German last stand in the Alps. However German resistance was much more fierce than in the north,","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"745387","text":"remains feeble.\" [[Category:1945 in Germany]] [[Category:1945 in military history]] [[Category:History of Dresden]] [[Category:Firebombings]] [[Category:History of the Royal Air Force during World War II]] [[Category:History of the United States Air Force]] [[Category:World War II strategic bombing of Germany|Dresden]] [[Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War II by town or city|Dresden]] [[Category:February 1945 events]] [[Category:Germany–United Kingdom military relations]] [[Category:Germany–United States military relations]] [[Category:World War II massacres]] Bombing of Dresden in World War II The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the","title":"Bombing of Dresden in World War II"},{"docid":"7809532","text":"taught Americans what was happening and who the heroes and the villains were. Ninety million people went to the movies every week. Some of the most highly regarded films during this period included \"Casablanca\", \"Mrs. Miniver\", \"Going My Way\", and \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\". Even before active American involvement in the war, the popular Three Stooges comic trio were lampooning the Nazi German leadership, and Nazis in general, with a number of short subject films, starting with \"You Nazty Spy!\" in January 1940, nearly two years before the United States was drawn into World War II. Cartoons and short subjects were","title":"United States home front during World War II"},{"docid":"9909652","text":"of the island's men played active roles as commanders in the military. The military did not keep statistics with regard to the total number of Hispanics who served in the regular units of the Armed Forces, only of those who served in Puerto Rican units; therefore, it is impossible to determine the exact number of Puerto Ricans who served in World War II. Before the United States entered World War II Puerto Ricans were already fighting on European soil in the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started following an attempted \"coup","title":"Puerto Ricans in World War II"},{"docid":"18738191","text":"Military use of children in World War II In World War II, children frequently fought in both the Allied and Axis forces. In World War II, the US only allowed men and women 18 years or older to be drafted or enlisted into the armed forces. However, some succeeded at lying about their age. The youngest member of the United States military was 12-year-old Calvin Graham. He lied about his age when he enlisted in the US Navy, and his real age was not known until after he was wounded. The United States military was not the sole recruiter, albeit","title":"Military use of children in World War II"},{"docid":"15477831","text":"Colorado, and Hawaii before coming forward in 1985. Although wanted by the United States government for years, Gärtner was granted permission to remain and became a naturalized US citizen in 2009. He lived under his adopted name Dennis Whiles, and wrote a book about his life, \"Hitler's Last Soldier in America\". German prisoners of war in the United States Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II. Hostilities","title":"German prisoners of war in the United States"},{"docid":"17277224","text":"following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and finally entered the war on the Allies' side on November 26, 1943, after a series of German U-boat attacks on Colombian ships. Despite the declaration, Colombia did not send an army overseas, but its navy was active in countering U-boat operations in the Caribbean. The economic dislocation created by World War II impacted Colombia significantly. Firstly, Colombia was cut off from European and Asian markets, leaving the United States as its primary market for exports. Secondly, Colombia's imports were also dramatically affected, and again the United States was the sole source of","title":"Colombia during World War II"},{"docid":"16811281","text":"Arizona during World War II The history of Arizona during World War II begins in 1940, when the United States government began constructing military bases within the state in preparation for war. Although far removed from the frontlines in Europe and the Pacific, Arizona's contribution to the Allied war effort was significant. Multiple prisoner of war camps and Japanese internment camps were established across the state, as well as several new airbases and associated sites, resulting in the birth of Arizona's aviation and manufacturing industries at the end of the Depression-era. The population of the state also experienced a major","title":"Arizona during World War II"},{"docid":"4529026","text":"Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II This is a Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II covering Britain 1939–45. For a brief narrative see United Kingdom home front during World War II, as well as History of Scotland#Second World War 1939-45 and History of Northern Ireland#Second World War. For the military story see Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II for foreign affairs, Diplomatic history of World War II. For the government see Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill. For a narrative history and bibliography of","title":"Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II"},{"docid":"20611806","text":"United Kingdom home front during World War II The United Kingdom home front during World War II covers the political, social and economic history 1939-45. See also Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II and Diplomatic history of World War II. The common experience of suffering wartime hardships placed on the political agenda a new consensus regarding the need for a post-war welfare state: universal social security, a free national health service, improved secondary education, expanded housing, and family allowances. The success of the wartime government","title":"United Kingdom home front during World War II"},{"docid":"4432396","text":"World War II by country Nearly every country and territory in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of only a few nations which remained neutral. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The leading Axis powers were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan; while the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were the \"Big Four\" Allied powers. The countries involved in or affected by World War II are listed here alphabetically, with a description of their role","title":"World War II by country"},{"docid":"10155183","text":"Seabees in World War II The first Seabees (from Construction Battalions) were recruited by the United States Navy during World War II. They were skilled construction workers whose task was to assist in building naval bases in the theatres of war. In all, 325,000 men served as Seabees during the war. The first three Naval Construction Battalions were formed in March 1942 by Admiral Ben Moreell, under the command of the Civil Engineer Corps. Enlistment was voluntary until December 1942, when the Selective Service System became responsible for recruitment. After basic training, including combat training, most members of newly formed","title":"Seabees in World War II"},{"docid":"9909649","text":"Puerto Ricans in World War II Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved since World War I. In World War II, more than 65,000 Puerto Ricans service members served in the war effort, including the guarding of U.S. military installations in the Caribbean and combat operations in the European and Pacific theatres. Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States in accordance to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898, as","title":"Puerto Ricans in World War II"},{"docid":"17912242","text":"for most of its operational service, it controlled contract pilot schools primarily in the Central United States. Until 1939, the Army Air Corps provided all flying training with military instructor pilots. Beginning in 1939, it contracted with nine civilian flying schools to provide primary flight training. Primary training consisted of a three-month course of 65 hours of flying instruction. As the United States prepared to enter World War II by expanding its number of flying squadrons, the number of contract primary schools increased. According to the contract, the government supplied students with training aircraft, flying clothes, textbooks, and equipment. The","title":"31st Flying Training Wing (World War II)"},{"docid":"2145785","text":"than the professional sailor.\" The volumes: An abridgement of the fifteen-volume work entitled \"The Two-Ocean War; A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War\" was written by Morison and published in 1963. This \"History of U.S. Naval Operations\" also played an indirect role in the history of television. One of Morison's research assistants in the project, Henry Salomon, knew NBC's Robert Sarnoff and, in 1949, first proposed an ambitious documentary TV series on U.S. Navy and Marine Corps warfare in World War II. In 1951 the National Broadcasting Company hired Salomon to produce what would","title":"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II"},{"docid":"10669477","text":"from working outside the home prior to World War II, even more than other American women. During World War II, the broad changes in the role of women caused by a need for labor on the home front affected the role of Hispanic women, who worked as secretaries and nurses, helped build airplanes, made ammunition in factories, and worked in shipyards. Isabel Solis-Thomas and Elvia Solis were born in Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. The Solis family immigrated to the United States and moved to Brownsville, Texas. When World War II broke out, both sisters volunteered to become \"Rosies\", welding pipes and","title":"Hispanic Americans in World War II"},{"docid":"19165934","text":"the war effort, those who remained on the homefront also contributed to the country's fight. One of the biggest sources of agricultural jobs for Mexicans in the United States during World War II was the Bracero Program. Briefly, it was a temporary work agreement between the United States and Mexico through which Mexican workers would be sent to the United States for a certain amount of time, and would then return to Mexico. Women were not enlisted into the Bracero Program, however it still had a profound effect on Latinas. When Mexican men entered into the Bracero Program, they often","title":"Latinas and World War II"},{"docid":"4432420","text":"Canadian soil since the Fenian Raids. A lone Japanese submarine also surfaced and shelled a lighthouse at Estevan Point in British Columbia, although it did no damage. The war had significant cultural, political and economic effects on Canada, including the conscription crisis. However, the war effort not only strengthened the Canadian economy but further established Canada as a major actor on the world stage. At the outbreak of World War II, the United States assumed Britain's defense responsibilities in the Caribbean. In September 1940, the two countries agreed to the Lend-Lease Agreement (also called the Bases-for-Destroyers Agreement). It involved the","title":"World War II by country"},{"docid":"16811310","text":"of the 364th were involved in another shooting with MPs on May 30, 1943, resulting in the wounding of two other soldiers. After that, the regiment participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers and was then shipped away to the cold and unexciting Aleutian Islands, largely because of the incidents at Phoenix and Camp Van Dorn. This incident was known as the Camp Van Dorn Slaughter. Arizona during World War II The history of Arizona during World War II begins in 1940, when the United States government began constructing military bases within the state in preparation for war. Although far removed from","title":"Arizona during World War II"},{"docid":"7529952","text":"as well as roughly 200 warships. Only 42 U.S. submarines were sunk in the Pacific, but 3,500 (22%) submariners were killed, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The force destroyed over half of all Japanese merchant ships, totaling well over five million tons of shipping. As victory for the United States slowly approached, casualties mounted. A fear in the American high command was that an invasion of mainland Japan would lead to enormous losses on the part of the Allies, as casualty estimates for the planned Operation Downfall demonstrate. President Harry Truman gave the","title":"Military history of the United States during World War II"},{"docid":"12356587","text":"roles. It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, though some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force Air Technical Service Command Oregon World War II Army Airfields Oregon World War II Army Airfields were the airfields built or repurposed during World War II for training pilots and aircrews of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)","title":"Oregon World War II Army Airfields"},{"docid":"454792","text":"conducted in the wake of the war both against the Germans and the Japanese. World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts; the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—became the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of","title":"World War II"},{"docid":"18928096","text":"the Air Commandos were inactivated in preparation for the invasion of mainland Japan. The United States would end World War II still without a settled air control doctrine. When the U.S. Air Force split from the U.S. Army in 1947, neither carried out the responsibility for forward air control; the U.S. military thus had no forward air control function when the Korean War broke out. Forward air control operations during World War II Forward air control operations during World War II were begun as an ad hoc expedient to wartime conditions. Forward air control during the war began with the","title":"Forward air control operations during World War II"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400505\",\n \"text\": \"included clasps, the World War II Victory Medal did not. This was because campaign medals were awarded instead. World War II Victory Medal (United States) The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The corresponding medal from World War I is the World War I Victory Medal. The World War II Victory Medal was first issued as a service ribbon referred to as the “Victory Ribbon.”\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400499\",\n \"text\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States) The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public Law 135, 79th Congress) and promulgated by Section V, War Department Bulletin 12, 1945. The corresponding medal from World War I is the World War I Victory Medal. The World War II Victory Medal was first issued as a service ribbon referred to as the “Victory Ribbon.” The World War II Victory Medal was established by an Act of Congress on 6 July 1945 (Public\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3987037\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of the United States during World War II The United States maintained its Representative Democracy government structure throughout World War II. Certain expediencies were taken within the existing structure of the Federal government, such as conscription and other violations of civil liberties, and the internment and later dispersal of Japanese-Americans. Still, elections were held as scheduled in 1944. The United States entered World War II with the Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. This Administration had been preparing for war for a while by the time of the\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11305623\",\n \"text\": \"United States Submarine Operations in World War II United States Submarine Operations in World War II by Theodore Roscoe is a classic history of the role of the United States Navy submarines in World War II, earning him the title of \\\"grandfather\\\" of World War II American Submarine historiography. Because the book was written shortly after the war, later scholars have found errors or omissions in its facts. Nevertheless, the book's sweeping narrative maintains it as a classic text in the American submarine force; excerpts are often read at ceremonies where submariners earn their Submarine Warfare insignia. After World War\",\n \"title\": \"United States Submarine Operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3987039\",\n \"text\": \"most part civilians. In addition, the following offices reported to the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Politics of the United States during World War II The United States maintained its Representative Democracy government structure throughout World War II. Certain expediencies were taken within the existing structure of the Federal government, such as conscription and other violations of civil liberties, and the internment and later dispersal of Japanese-Americans. Still, elections were held as scheduled in 1944. The United States entered World War II with the Administration that had been at the helm of the nation since 1932, that of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19680432\",\n \"text\": \"United States Army in World War II United States Army in World War II is the official history of the ground forces of the United States Army during World War II. The 78-volume work was originally published beginning in 1946. The work describes and to a degree evaluates the ground operations of the Army in 21 volumes. Additional volumes address grand strategy; recruitment, organization, and training; the service forces; the technical services; and special studies; again almost exclusively those of the ground forces. Three additional volumes provide a pictorial account. (Air operations, logistics, and training are presented in a separate\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19680437\",\n \"text\": \"dust jacket) whose face was a black-and-white photograph with the title superimposed. They omitted the original editions’ fold-out maps but instead printed them in two separate atlases. Two volumes, ‘’Cross Channel Attack’’ and ‘’The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge’’, were reprinted in the 1990s by Konecky & Konecky in a large 8½” by 11” format. They, too, omitted the fold-out maps. Other publishing houses have also reprinted selected volumes. United States Army in World War II United States Army in World War II is the official history of the ground forces of the United States Army during World War II.\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11305635\",\n \"text\": \"source for Roscoe, and the seminal source for Blair: The \\\"Operational History\\\" produced by Voge et al. is a massive document of more than 1500 pages dealing with every conceivable operational aspect of the submarine war. No one attempting a serious submarine history should begin without consulting it. United States Submarine Operations in World War II United States Submarine Operations in World War II by Theodore Roscoe is a classic history of the role of the United States Navy submarines in World War II, earning him the title of \\\"grandfather\\\" of World War II American Submarine historiography. Because the book\",\n \"title\": \"United States Submarine Operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15082397\",\n \"text\": \"World War II: When Lions Roared World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were Giants) is a 1994 American war television miniseries, directed by Joseph Sargent, and starring Michael Caine, John Lithgow and Bob Hoskins as the three major Allied leaders, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill respectively. It was notable as the first video production to be produced in an early form of analog high-definition video using the Sony HDVS line of equipment expressly for broadcast in the United States on the NBC television network. The film portrays Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin as they maneuver their countries\",\n \"title\": \"World War II: When Lions Roared\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6658534\",\n \"text\": \"wet winter wear. The shoepac was a leather boot with rubberized lower top and sole, worn in conjunction with the wool ski sock. While it was effective in keeping feet protected from soaking and freezing ground, the shoepac lacked foot support and tended to wear quickly; it also resulted in incidents of foot injuries when a soldier wearing shoepacs on a march in freezing weather stopped to rest, allowing perspiration-soaked socks inside the boot to freeze. <br> United States Army uniforms in World War II The United States Army in World War II used a variety of standard and non-standard\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army uniforms in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20146964\",\n \"text\": \"United States military vehicle markings of World War II Military markings on United States army vehicles were upgraded in August 1942 when specific new rules were adopted. New marks, from the national identification symbol downwards were ordered to be put on \\\"all motor vehicles assigned to tactical units\\\". The letters U.S. or US appeared on vehicles during World War I, the United States American Expeditionary Forces units began arriving in France in June 1917. Formation signs and War Department vehicle identification numbers were painted on the sides. Ambulances of the United States Army Ambulance Service carrying a red cross and\",\n \"title\": \"United States military vehicle markings of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14788823\",\n \"text\": \"the ancient mariners. The publication contained news pertaining to the submarine veterans, the U.S. Navy, and the outside world. SVWWII reaffirmed their plan for a formal organizational closure in Norfolk, Virginia at the 2012 convention. Local chapters will continue to function so long as there is an interest in doing so. United States Submarine Veterans of World War II The United States Submarine Veterans of World War II is a congressionally chartered veterans organization that was established to \\\"perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who gave their lives in submarine warfare\\\" during World War II. In 1956 a group of\",\n \"title\": \"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14788804\",\n \"text\": \"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II The United States Submarine Veterans of World War II is a congressionally chartered veterans organization that was established to \\\"perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who gave their lives in submarine warfare\\\" during World War II. In 1956 a group of Plankowners formulated and discussed thoroughly the \\\"purpose of\\\" a \\\"motto\\\" of the newly formed organization. 1956 version: \\\"The purpose of this organization is to perpetuate the memory of those shipmates who voluntarily gave their lives in submarine warfare; to further promote and keep alive the spirit and unity that existed among\",\n \"title\": \"United States Submarine Veterans of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20146984\",\n \"text\": \"lacklustre blue paint, generally on both sides and tailgate. Veterinary ambulances carry a green cross. United States military vehicle markings of World War II Military markings on United States army vehicles were upgraded in August 1942 when specific new rules were adopted. New marks, from the national identification symbol downwards were ordered to be put on \\\"all motor vehicles assigned to tactical units\\\". The letters U.S. or US appeared on vehicles during World War I, the United States American Expeditionary Forces units began arriving in France in June 1917. Formation signs and War Department vehicle identification numbers were painted on\",\n \"title\": \"United States military vehicle markings of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809512\",\n \"text\": \"Smith Act, also known as the Alien Registration Act of 1940, which required indicted communists, anarchists and fascists. Another program was the Bracero Program, which allowed over two decades, nearly 5 million Mexican workers to come and work in the United States. After World War II, there was also the Truman Directive of 1945, which did not allow more people to migrate, but did use the immigration quotas to let in more displaced people after the war. There was also the War Brides Act of 1945, which allowed spouses of US soldiers to get an expedited path towards citizenship. In\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809538\",\n \"text\": \"the most extensive and well-organized drives; it was mobilized by the \\\"Omaha World Herald\\\" newspaper. Although the Axis powers never launched a full-scale invasion on the U.S. mainland, there were attacks and acts of sabotage on U.S. soil. United States home front during World War II The home front of the United States in World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good \\\"for the duration [of the war].\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809461\",\n \"text\": \"United States home front during World War II The home front of the United States in World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good \\\"for the duration [of the war].\\\" The labor market changed radically. Peacetime conflicts with respect to race and labor took on a special dimension because of the pressure for national unity. The Hollywood film industry was important for propaganda. Every aspect of life from\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2145782\",\n \"text\": \"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Morison, already convinced of the value of personal involvement as a result of sailing experience while writing his biography of Christopher Columbus, wrote to President Roosevelt suggesting the preparation of an official history of the Navy in the war, and volunteering for the\",\n \"title\": \"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529903\",\n \"text\": \"were left severely depleted of men and equipment, as survivors retreated to the defenses of the Siegfried Line. With about 610,000 men committed and some 89,000 casualties, including 19,000 killed, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest and bloodiest battle fought by the United States in World War II. The Colmar Pocket (French: Poche de Colmar; German: Brückenkopf Elsaß) was the area held in central Alsace, France by the German Nineteenth Army from November 1944 – February 1945, against the U.S. 6th Army Group during World War II. It was formed when 6th AG liberated southern and northern Alsace\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17589466\",\n \"text\": \"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II The Demobilization of United States armed forces after the Second World War began with the defeat of Germany in May 1945 and continued through 1946. The United States had more than 12 million men and women in the armed forces at the end of World War II of whom 7.6 million were stationed abroad. The American public demanded a rapid demobilization and soldiers protested the slowness of the process. Military personnel were returned to the United States in Operation \\\"Magic Carpet\\\". By June 30, 1947, the number of active duty\",\n \"title\": \"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20602748\",\n \"text\": \"came from the British Empire. Canada operated a similar program on behalf of Great Britain, and Britain itself operated a similar one for the Soviet Union. In terms of repaying Washington after the war ended, the policy became one of fair shares. In the end, no one paid for the goods it received , although they did pay for goods in transit that were received after the program ended . Roosevelt told Congress in June 1942: The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2145786\",\n \"text\": \"become the 1952-53 TV series, \\\"Victory at Sea\\\". The success of this TV series played a major role in establishing the historic documentary--using combat footage--as a viable television genre. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Morison, already convinced of the value of personal involvement as a result of sailing\",\n \"title\": \"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6658505\",\n \"text\": \"United States Army uniforms in World War II The United States Army in World War II used a variety of standard and non-standard dress and battle uniforms, which often changed depending upon the theater of war, climatic environment, and supply exigencies. The uniform consists of an Olive Drab (OD-51) peaked cap with a russet leather visor, white linen spread-collared shirt with a black worsted wool tie, Olive Drab wool trousers, an olive-drab (OD-51) wool four-button tunic with leather belt, and russet-brown leather Type I (leather-soled) service shoes. By 1942 the white linen shirt was replaced by the \\\"Class B\\\" olive\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army uniforms in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20602754\",\n \"text\": \"base for American supplies sent to India, and Lend Lease operations boosted the local economy. The 2 million Indian soldiers were a major factor in British success in the Middle East. Muslim support for the British war effort proved decisive in the British decision to partition the Raj, forming of the new state of Pakistan. United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809510\",\n \"text\": \"role difficult to handle. Stress came when sons, husbands, fathers, brothers, and fiancés were drafted and sent to faraway training camps, preparing for a war in which nobody knew how many would be killed. Millions of wives tried to relocate near their husbands' training camps. During World War II the trend in immigration policies were both more and less restrictive. The United States immigration policies focused more on national security and were driven by foreign policy imperatives. Legislation such as the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was finally repealed. This Act was the first law in the United States that\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037640\",\n \"text\": \"United States aircraft production during World War II America's manufacturers in World War II were engaged in the greatest military industrial effort in history. Aircraft companies went from building a handful of planes at a time to building them by the thousands on assembly lines. Aircraft manufacturing went from a distant 41st place among American industries to first place in less than five years. In 1939, total aircraft production for the US military was less than 3,000 planes. By the end of the war, America produced 300,000 planes. No war was more industrialized than World War II. It was a\",\n \"title\": \"United States aircraft production during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17589482\",\n \"text\": \"military forces remained at a level of about 1.5 million personnel until the Korean War in 1950. Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II The Demobilization of United States armed forces after the Second World War began with the defeat of Germany in May 1945 and continued through 1946. The United States had more than 12 million men and women in the armed forces at the end of World War II of whom 7.6 million were stationed abroad. The American public demanded a rapid demobilization and soldiers protested the slowness of the process. Military personnel were returned\",\n \"title\": \"Demobilization of United States armed forces after World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16990024\",\n \"text\": \"from battalion to field army and were faked using documents, photographs, double agents, news reportage and physical subterfuge. Some of the units were either based on existing decommissioned formations (usually World War I formations) or created afresh. Many were used multiple times, Clarke in particular believed that reusing units in the long term would help establish their existence in the mind of the enemy. United States Army deception formations of World War II The United States Army created a large number of notional deception formations that were used in a number of World War II deception operations. The most notable\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army deception formations of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20602732\",\n \"text\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II The UK-US relations in World War II comprised an extensive and highly complex relationships, in terms of diplomacy, military action, financing, and supplies. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt formed close personal ties, that operated apart from their respective diplomatic and military organizations. Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill have thoroughly dominated the popular and scholarly writings, each stood atop a complex decision-making's does system that guaranteed inputs from military, diplomatic, business and public opinion. In terms of foreign-policy, Roosevelt for years had developed a system whereby he\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1811325\",\n \"text\": \"the South-East Asian Theater The American General Joseph Stilwell commanded the operational Northern Combat Area Command and used his other positions to communicate directly with Joint Chiefs of Staff about some operational matters. United States theaters of operations in World War II During World War II, the United States Army divided its operations around the world into four theaters. Forces from many different Allied nations fought in these theaters. Other Allied countries have different conceptions of the theaters and/or different names for them. Operational command SHAEF Operational command AFHQ Operational commands were the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific. The\",\n \"title\": \"United States theaters of operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1811324\",\n \"text\": \"United States theaters of operations in World War II During World War II, the United States Army divided its operations around the world into four theaters. Forces from many different Allied nations fought in these theaters. Other Allied countries have different conceptions of the theaters and/or different names for them. Operational command SHAEF Operational command AFHQ Operational commands were the Pacific Ocean and South West Pacific. The China Burma India Theater served more as an Administrative Command rather than a Theater of Operations and lacked any true Operational Command. The Operational Command was joint Allied South East Asia Command in\",\n \"title\": \"United States theaters of operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16941884\",\n \"text\": \"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy In 1935, the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory began studies and tests on low visibility ship camouflage. Research continued through World War II to (1) reduce visibility by painting vertical surfaces to harmonize with the horizon and horizontal surfaces to blend with the sea, or (2) confuse identity and course by painting obtrusive patterns on vertical surfaces. Some camouflage methods served both purposes. American captains were permitted less freedom of interpretation with these schemes (other than Measure 12 Modified) than their British Commonwealth counterparts applied to Admiralty camouflage\",\n \"title\": \"World War II ship camouflage measures of the United States Navy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14253799\",\n \"text\": \"World War I grew up to become the adults of World War II. These children were exposed to propaganda and indoctrinated to value strong nationalism and loyalty to the United States and its allies. Therefore, when World War II was on the forefront, many of the adults in the United States still harbored negative feelings toward the Germans because of their schooling during World War I. Additionally, women were granted suffrage shortly after World War I. This was partly due to the fact that they had moved away from their traditional roles and filled the factory jobs that the men\",\n \"title\": \"Effect of World War I on children in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16990023\",\n \"text\": \"United States Army deception formations of World War II The United States Army created a large number of notional deception formations that were used in a number of World War II deception operations. The most notable fictional US formation was the First U.S. Army Group (FUSAG); this field army was originally intended as the main invasion force for the Invasion of Normandy, however that was renamed to the 12th Army Group. FUSAG remained in existence on paper and was used during Operation Fortitude South to divert Axis attention to the Pas de Calais area. The imaginary formations ranged in size\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army deception formations of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3536809\",\n \"text\": \"Ribbon became a full-sized medal as the World War II Victory Medal, at which point the World War I Victory Medal adopted its current name. However, some military records as late as the 1950s continued to annotate the World War I decoration by its previous name, and the medal was often referred to as \\\"Victory Medal (WWI)\\\". Not only did the United States issue a Victory Medal, but so did a significant number of Allied and associated countries involved in the conflict against the Dual Alliance between Austria and Germany. The proposition of such a common award was first made\",\n \"title\": \"World War I Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3400503\",\n \"text\": \"II Victory Medal one of the most widely awarded decorations of the United States military. The bronze medal is 1 inches in width. The obverse is a figure of Liberation standing full length with head turned to dexter looking to the dawn of a new day, right foot resting on a war god’s helmet with the hilt of a broken sword in the right hand and the broken blade in the left hand, the inscription \\\"WORLD WAR II\\\" placed immediately below the center. On the reverse are inscriptions for the Four Freedoms: \\\"FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND WANT\\\" and \\\"FREEDOM OF\",\n \"title\": \"World War II Victory Medal (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10229434\",\n \"text\": \"Although the United States had had a long history of interventions in Latin America, the expropriation did not result in that. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was implementing the Good Neighbor Policy, in which the U.S. eschewed the role of intervention and courted better relations with the region, which would be vital if another major conflict broke out in Europe. However, with the Great Depression, the United States implemented a program of expelling Mexicans from the U.S. in what was known as Mexican Repatriation. When the U.S. did enter World War II, it negotiated an agreement with Mexican President Manuel\",\n \"title\": \"Mexico–United States relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529954\",\n \"text\": \"Axis Power, V-J Day also marked the end of World War II. The United States contributed several forces to the China Burma India theater, such as the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional) but nicknamed \\\"Merrill's Marauders\\\" after its commander; Frank Merrill, it was a United States Army long range penetration special operations jungle warfare unit organized as light infantry assault units. In slightly more than five months of combat in 1944, the Marauders advanced 750 miles through some of the harshest jungle terrain in the world, fought in five major engagements, mostly behind enemy lines, with or in support of British\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20602747\",\n \"text\": \"$10.7 billion, and all other countries $2.9 billion. The question of repayment came up, and Roosevelt repeatedly insisted the United States did not want a postwar debt problem of the sort that had troubled relations after the first world war. A small fraction of goods that were still useful – such as merchant ships – were returned to the United States. The recipients provided bases and supplies to American forces on their own soil. The cost, including rents, was called \\\"Reverse Lend Lease\\\", that is, aid given to the United States. It came to $7.8 billion overall, of which 86%\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom–United States relations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15819505\",\n \"text\": \"was \\\"sunk\\\" at Pearl Harbor. It is correct to say that American industrial might was a deciding factor in World War II, and Admiral Yamamoto knew that a prolonged war for Japan was a losing war. The Battle of Midway, together with the Guadalcanal campaign, marked the turning point in the Pacific. Between June 4–7, 1942, the United States Navy decisively defeated a Japanese naval force that had sought to lure the U.S. carrier fleet into a trap at Midway Atoll. The Japanese fleet lost four aircraft carriers to the U.S. Navy's one American carrier and a destroyer. After Midway,\",\n \"title\": \"United States Navy in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11292222\",\n \"text\": \"Kansas World War II army airfields During World War II, Kansas was a major United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) training center for pilots and aircrews of USAAF fighters and bombers. Kansas was favored because it has excellent, year-round flying conditions. The sparsely populated land made ideal locations for gunnery, bombing, and training ranges. The training that was given to the airmen stationed at these airfields gave them the skills and knowledge that enabled them to enter combat in all theaters of warfare, and enabled the Allies to defeat Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. The majority of these airfields were\",\n \"title\": \"Kansas World War II army airfields\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16486919\",\n \"text\": \"Professional sports in the Western United States Professional sports have existed in the United States since the late 19th century. The NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL have millions of fans across the nation, and are an important part of American culture. Professional sports did not enter into the American West until the mid-twentieth century. However, the expansion of professional sports into the West has helped to increase the popularity of each of the professional leagues and has changed the landscape of professional sports in America. Prior to World War II, top-level professional sports in the United States did not exist\",\n \"title\": \"Professional sports in the Western United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1626897\",\n \"text\": \"of the Fifth Army in May 1945. II Corps was inactivated in Austria on 10 October 1945, following Germany's surrender. In March 1958, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, became Headquarters for the reactivated II Corps as the controlling headquarters for United States Army Reserve units across the northeast. It also assigned personnel to active duty during the Vietnam war when its headquarters was moved to Fort Wadsworth, New York. The corps was inactivated on 5 June 1970. II Corps (United States) The II Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army that was active in both World War I\",\n \"title\": \"II Corps (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037644\",\n \"text\": \"and also complete aircraft. Ford set up the Willow Run production facility and built complete Consolidated B-24 Liberators as well as sections to be assembled at other plants. ¹ ² William S. Knudsen, an automotive industry executive who was made Chairman of the Office of Production Management and member of the National Defense Advisory Commission by the Roosevelt administration to organize war production, said, \\\"We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible.\\\" United States aircraft production during World War II America's manufacturers in World War\",\n \"title\": \"United States aircraft production during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20651489\",\n \"text\": \"1945. In 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt visited the Gambia, the first visit by a sitting President of the United States to the African continent. The Colony-class light cruiser HMS Gambia, which saw active service during World War II, took its name from the colony. It maintained a connection with the Gambia throughout its service, and on 28 May 1943, called at Bathurst when it was en route to Cape Town. The Gambia is also home to Fajara War Cemetery, now maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, which contains 203 Commonwealth burials from World War II, four of which are\",\n \"title\": \"The Gambia in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529846\",\n \"text\": \"that their strategic objectives were: (1) \\\"The early defeat of Germany as the predominant member of the Axis with the principal military effort of the United States being exerted in the Atlantic and European area; and (2) A strategic defensive in the Far East.\\\" Thus, the Americans concurred with the British in the grand strategy of \\\"Europe first\\\" (or \\\"Germany first\\\") in carrying out military operations in World War II. The UK feared that, if the United States was diverted from its main focus in Europe to the Pacific (Japan), Hitler might crush both the Soviet Union and Britain, and\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529830\",\n \"text\": \"With the Soviets unstoppable in the east, and the Allies unstoppable in the west, Germany was squeezed to death. Berlin fell to the Soviets in May 1945, and with Adolf Hitler dead, the Germans surrendered. The military effort was strongly supported by civilians on the home front, who provided the military personnel, the munitions, the money, and the morale to fight the war to victory. World War II cost the United States an estimated $341 billion in 1945 dollars – equivalent to 74% of America's GDP and expenditures during the war. In 2015 dollars, the war cost over $4.5 trillion.\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1626889\",\n \"text\": \"II Corps (United States) The II Corps was a corps-sized formation of the United States Army that was active in both World War I and World War II. It was originally formed and fought on the Western Front during World War I and was also the first American formation of any size to see combat in North Africa or Europe during World War II. II Corps was organized on 24 February 1918. It first saw significant action in Europe in August 1918, in the Hundred Days Offensive, as part of the British Third Army. Advances made during a secondary assault\",\n \"title\": \"II Corps (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809511\",\n \"text\": \"excluded a specific group- the Chinese from migrating to the United States. But during World War II, with the Chinese as allies, the United States passed the Magnuson Act, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943. There was also the Nationality Act of 1940, which clarified how to become and remain a citizen. Specifically, it allowed immigrants who were not citizens, like the Filipinos or those in the outside territories to gain citizenship by enlisting in the army. In contrast, the Japanese and Japanese-Americans were subject to internment in the U.S. There was also legislation like the\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18475721\",\n \"text\": \"Liberia in World War II Liberia did not become militarily involved in World War II until January, 1944, with the election of William Tubman, at which time the country declared war on Germany and Japan. However, even before the start of Liberia's official military involvement, the nation participated in the war for two years under the terms of a Defense Agreement with the United States. Apart from Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka) and the Belgian Congo, Liberia possessed one of the few remaining sources of rubber for the Allies. To guarantee a steady supply of rubber from the world's largest\",\n \"title\": \"Liberia in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6253010\",\n \"text\": \"Citizens Committee on Displaced Persons, favored allowing European refugees from World War II to enter the United States. Truman signed the first Displaced Persons Act on June 25, 1948. It allowed 200,000 displaced persons to enter the country within the next two years. However, they exceeded the quota by extending the act for another two years, which doubled the admission of refugees into the United States to 415,000. From 1949 to 1952, about half the 900,000 immigrants that entered the United States were displaced persons. In order to qualify for American visas, only those that were in internment camps by\",\n \"title\": \"Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8639814\",\n \"text\": \"United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II The U.S. Army enlisted rank insignia that was used during World War II differs from the current system. The color scheme used for the insignia's chevron design was defined as either silver grey on dark blue, olive drab on dark blue, or khaki on dark blue (as seen in the charts below). This scheme of rank insignia was established by War Department Circular No. 303 on 5 August 1920 and would see two significant changes in 1942. The usage of this style of insignia was ended by Department of the\",\n \"title\": \"United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15477799\",\n \"text\": \"German prisoners of war in the United States Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II. Hostilities ended six months after the United States saw its first action in World War I, and only a relatively small number of German prisoners of war reached the U.S. Many prisoners were German sailors caught in port by U.S. forces far away from the European battlefield. The United States Department of\",\n \"title\": \"German prisoners of war in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10749471\",\n \"text\": \"Civil War as well as its long refusal to recognize the Soviet Union's existence as a state. During the meetings from 1943-45 there were disputes over the growing list of demands from the USSR. Tensions increased further when Roosevelt died and his successor Harry Truman rejected demands put forth by Stalin. Grand Alliance (World War II) The Grand Alliance, also known as The Big Three, was a military alliance consisting of the three major Allies of World War II: the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It is often called the \\\"Strange Alliance\\\" because it united the\",\n \"title\": \"Grand Alliance (World War II)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6303195\",\n \"text\": \"time to purchase the standard 5-dollar War Savings Certificate stamp. When the Treasury began issuing war savings stamps during World War II, the lowest denomination was a 10-cent stamp, enabling ordinary citizens to purchase them. In many cases, collections of war savings stamps could be redeemed for Treasury Certificates or War Bonds. The United States Treasury Department issued its first war savings stamps in late 1917 in order to help pay for the costs incurred through involvement in World War I. The estimated cost of World War I for the United States was approximately $32 billion, and by the end\",\n \"title\": \"War savings stamps of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10669412\",\n \"text\": \"aboard the Battleship when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The \\\"Nevada\\\" was among the ships which were in the harbor that day. As her gunners opened fire and her engineers got up steam, she was struck by torpedoes and bombs from the Japanese attackers. Fifty men were killed and 109 wounded. Among those killed was Trujillo, who became the first Hispanic Marine casualty of World War II. When the United States officially entered World War II, Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of United States Armed Forces as volunteers or through the draft. In\",\n \"title\": \"Hispanic Americans in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15082399\",\n \"text\": \"aid the Soviet Union in their fight against Nazi Germany. It was nominated for 6 Emmy Awards, including Best Actor for Michael Caine, but only won for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction (Electronic) for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries or a Special. Certain UK home versions used an edited version of the film running at 115 minutes, under the alternate title of \\\"Then There Were Giants\\\". The complete film was released on a two-disc DVD set on February 13, 2007. World War II: When Lions Roared World War II: When Lions Roared (also known as Then There Were\",\n \"title\": \"World War II: When Lions Roared\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17342306\",\n \"text\": \"1945 its military had developed a reputation as being the most efficient and cooperative of all the Caribbean nations. Federico Laredo Brú was the President of Cuba when the war began in 1939. His one significant World War II-related crisis before leaving office in 1940 was the MS \\\"St. Louis\\\" affair. The MS \\\"St. Louis\\\" was a German ocean liner carrying over 900 Jewish refugees from Germany to Cuba. Upon arriving in Havana, the Cuban government refused to allow the refugees to land because they did not have proper permits and visas. After sailing north, the United States and Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"Cuba during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15849688\",\n \"text\": \"Naval history of World War II In the beginning of World War II the Royal Navy was still the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across the globe. Totalling over 15 battleships and battlecruisers, 7 aircraft carriers, 66 cruisers, 164 destroyers and 66 submarines. In the course of the war the United States Navy grew tremendously as the United States was faced with a two-front war on the seas. By the end of World War II the U.S Navy was larger than any other navy in the world. The United\",\n \"title\": \"Naval history of World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529848\",\n \"text\": \"the defeat of Japan must follow.\\\" The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the Kriegsmarine (German navy) and aircraft of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) against the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, the United States Navy,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529906\",\n \"text\": \"captured as prisoners of war. The South German Offensive is the general name of one of the final offensives of World War II in Europe. The offensive was led by the Seventh and Third armies of the United States along with the First Army of France. Soviet troops linked up with American forces in Czechoslovakia notably in the Battle of Slivice. The offensive was made by the US 6th Army Group to protect the 12th Army Group's right flank and to prevent a German last stand in the Alps. However German resistance was much more fierce than in the north,\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"745387\",\n \"text\": \"remains feeble.\\\" [[Category:1945 in Germany]] [[Category:1945 in military history]] [[Category:History of Dresden]] [[Category:Firebombings]] [[Category:History of the Royal Air Force during World War II]] [[Category:History of the United States Air Force]] [[Category:World War II strategic bombing of Germany|Dresden]] [[Category:Aerial operations and battles of World War II by town or city|Dresden]] [[Category:February 1945 events]] [[Category:Germany–United Kingdom military relations]] [[Category:Germany–United States military relations]] [[Category:World War II massacres]] Bombing of Dresden in World War II The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the\",\n \"title\": \"Bombing of Dresden in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7809532\",\n \"text\": \"taught Americans what was happening and who the heroes and the villains were. Ninety million people went to the movies every week. Some of the most highly regarded films during this period included \\\"Casablanca\\\", \\\"Mrs. Miniver\\\", \\\"Going My Way\\\", and \\\"Yankee Doodle Dandy\\\". Even before active American involvement in the war, the popular Three Stooges comic trio were lampooning the Nazi German leadership, and Nazis in general, with a number of short subject films, starting with \\\"You Nazty Spy!\\\" in January 1940, nearly two years before the United States was drawn into World War II. Cartoons and short subjects were\",\n \"title\": \"United States home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9909652\",\n \"text\": \"of the island's men played active roles as commanders in the military. The military did not keep statistics with regard to the total number of Hispanics who served in the regular units of the Armed Forces, only of those who served in Puerto Rican units; therefore, it is impossible to determine the exact number of Puerto Ricans who served in World War II. Before the United States entered World War II Puerto Ricans were already fighting on European soil in the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started following an attempted \\\"coup\",\n \"title\": \"Puerto Ricans in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18738191\",\n \"text\": \"Military use of children in World War II In World War II, children frequently fought in both the Allied and Axis forces. In World War II, the US only allowed men and women 18 years or older to be drafted or enlisted into the armed forces. However, some succeeded at lying about their age. The youngest member of the United States military was 12-year-old Calvin Graham. He lied about his age when he enlisted in the US Navy, and his real age was not known until after he was wounded. The United States military was not the sole recruiter, albeit\",\n \"title\": \"Military use of children in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15477831\",\n \"text\": \"Colorado, and Hawaii before coming forward in 1985. Although wanted by the United States government for years, Gärtner was granted permission to remain and became a naturalized US citizen in 2009. He lived under his adopted name Dennis Whiles, and wrote a book about his life, \\\"Hitler's Last Soldier in America\\\". German prisoners of war in the United States Members of the German military were interned as prisoners of war in the United States during World War I and World War II. In all, 425,000 German prisoners lived in 700 camps throughout the United States during World War II. Hostilities\",\n \"title\": \"German prisoners of war in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17277224\",\n \"text\": \"following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and finally entered the war on the Allies' side on November 26, 1943, after a series of German U-boat attacks on Colombian ships. Despite the declaration, Colombia did not send an army overseas, but its navy was active in countering U-boat operations in the Caribbean. The economic dislocation created by World War II impacted Colombia significantly. Firstly, Colombia was cut off from European and Asian markets, leaving the United States as its primary market for exports. Secondly, Colombia's imports were also dramatically affected, and again the United States was the sole source of\",\n \"title\": \"Colombia during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16811281\",\n \"text\": \"Arizona during World War II The history of Arizona during World War II begins in 1940, when the United States government began constructing military bases within the state in preparation for war. Although far removed from the frontlines in Europe and the Pacific, Arizona's contribution to the Allied war effort was significant. Multiple prisoner of war camps and Japanese internment camps were established across the state, as well as several new airbases and associated sites, resulting in the birth of Arizona's aviation and manufacturing industries at the end of the Depression-era. The population of the state also experienced a major\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4529026\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II This is a Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II covering Britain 1939–45. For a brief narrative see United Kingdom home front during World War II, as well as History of Scotland#Second World War 1939-45 and History of Northern Ireland#Second World War. For the military story see Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II for foreign affairs, Diplomatic history of World War II. For the government see Timeline of the first premiership of Winston Churchill. For a narrative history and bibliography of\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20611806\",\n \"text\": \"United Kingdom home front during World War II The United Kingdom home front during World War II covers the political, social and economic history 1939-45. See also Timeline of the United Kingdom home front during World War II, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II and Diplomatic history of World War II. The common experience of suffering wartime hardships placed on the political agenda a new consensus regarding the need for a post-war welfare state: universal social security, a free national health service, improved secondary education, expanded housing, and family allowances. The success of the wartime government\",\n \"title\": \"United Kingdom home front during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4432396\",\n \"text\": \"World War II by country Nearly every country and territory in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of only a few nations which remained neutral. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers. The leading Axis powers were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan; while the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China were the \\\"Big Four\\\" Allied powers. The countries involved in or affected by World War II are listed here alphabetically, with a description of their role\",\n \"title\": \"World War II by country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10155183\",\n \"text\": \"Seabees in World War II The first Seabees (from Construction Battalions) were recruited by the United States Navy during World War II. They were skilled construction workers whose task was to assist in building naval bases in the theatres of war. In all, 325,000 men served as Seabees during the war. The first three Naval Construction Battalions were formed in March 1942 by Admiral Ben Moreell, under the command of the Civil Engineer Corps. Enlistment was voluntary until December 1942, when the Selective Service System became responsible for recruitment. After basic training, including combat training, most members of newly formed\",\n \"title\": \"Seabees in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9909649\",\n \"text\": \"Puerto Ricans in World War II Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved since World War I. In World War II, more than 65,000 Puerto Ricans service members served in the war effort, including the guarding of U.S. military installations in the Caribbean and combat operations in the European and Pacific theatres. Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States in accordance to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898, as\",\n \"title\": \"Puerto Ricans in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17912242\",\n \"text\": \"for most of its operational service, it controlled contract pilot schools primarily in the Central United States. Until 1939, the Army Air Corps provided all flying training with military instructor pilots. Beginning in 1939, it contracted with nine civilian flying schools to provide primary flight training. Primary training consisted of a three-month course of 65 hours of flying instruction. As the United States prepared to enter World War II by expanding its number of flying squadrons, the number of contract primary schools increased. According to the contract, the government supplied students with training aircraft, flying clothes, textbooks, and equipment. The\",\n \"title\": \"31st Flying Training Wing (World War II)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2145785\",\n \"text\": \"than the professional sailor.\\\" The volumes: An abridgement of the fifteen-volume work entitled \\\"The Two-Ocean War; A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War\\\" was written by Morison and published in 1963. This \\\"History of U.S. Naval Operations\\\" also played an indirect role in the history of television. One of Morison's research assistants in the project, Henry Salomon, knew NBC's Robert Sarnoff and, in 1949, first proposed an ambitious documentary TV series on U.S. Navy and Marine Corps warfare in World War II. In 1951 the National Broadcasting Company hired Salomon to produce what would\",\n \"title\": \"History of United States Naval Operations in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10669477\",\n \"text\": \"from working outside the home prior to World War II, even more than other American women. During World War II, the broad changes in the role of women caused by a need for labor on the home front affected the role of Hispanic women, who worked as secretaries and nurses, helped build airplanes, made ammunition in factories, and worked in shipyards. Isabel Solis-Thomas and Elvia Solis were born in Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico. The Solis family immigrated to the United States and moved to Brownsville, Texas. When World War II broke out, both sisters volunteered to become \\\"Rosies\\\", welding pipes and\",\n \"title\": \"Hispanic Americans in World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19165934\",\n \"text\": \"the war effort, those who remained on the homefront also contributed to the country's fight. One of the biggest sources of agricultural jobs for Mexicans in the United States during World War II was the Bracero Program. Briefly, it was a temporary work agreement between the United States and Mexico through which Mexican workers would be sent to the United States for a certain amount of time, and would then return to Mexico. Women were not enlisted into the Bracero Program, however it still had a profound effect on Latinas. When Mexican men entered into the Bracero Program, they often\",\n \"title\": \"Latinas and World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4432420\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian soil since the Fenian Raids. A lone Japanese submarine also surfaced and shelled a lighthouse at Estevan Point in British Columbia, although it did no damage. The war had significant cultural, political and economic effects on Canada, including the conscription crisis. However, the war effort not only strengthened the Canadian economy but further established Canada as a major actor on the world stage. At the outbreak of World War II, the United States assumed Britain's defense responsibilities in the Caribbean. In September 1940, the two countries agreed to the Lend-Lease Agreement (also called the Bases-for-Destroyers Agreement). It involved the\",\n \"title\": \"World War II by country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16811310\",\n \"text\": \"of the 364th were involved in another shooting with MPs on May 30, 1943, resulting in the wounding of two other soldiers. After that, the regiment participated in the Louisiana Maneuvers and was then shipped away to the cold and unexciting Aleutian Islands, largely because of the incidents at Phoenix and Camp Van Dorn. This incident was known as the Camp Van Dorn Slaughter. Arizona during World War II The history of Arizona during World War II begins in 1940, when the United States government began constructing military bases within the state in preparation for war. Although far removed from\",\n \"title\": \"Arizona during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7529952\",\n \"text\": \"as well as roughly 200 warships. Only 42 U.S. submarines were sunk in the Pacific, but 3,500 (22%) submariners were killed, the highest casualty rate of any American force in World War II. The force destroyed over half of all Japanese merchant ships, totaling well over five million tons of shipping. As victory for the United States slowly approached, casualties mounted. A fear in the American high command was that an invasion of mainland Japan would lead to enormous losses on the part of the Allies, as casualty estimates for the planned Operation Downfall demonstrate. President Harry Truman gave the\",\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States during World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12356587\",\n \"text\": \"roles. It is still possible to find remnants of these wartime airfields. Many were converted into municipal airports, though some were returned to agriculture and several were retained as United States Air Force installations and were front-line bases during the Cold War. Hundreds of the temporary buildings that were used survive today, and are being used for other purposes. Second Air Force Air Technical Service Command Oregon World War II Army Airfields Oregon World War II Army Airfields were the airfields built or repurposed during World War II for training pilots and aircrews of United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)\",\n \"title\": \"Oregon World War II Army Airfields\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"454792\",\n \"text\": \"conducted in the wake of the war both against the Germans and the Japanese. World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts; the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—became the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of\",\n \"title\": \"World War II\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18928096\",\n \"text\": \"the Air Commandos were inactivated in preparation for the invasion of mainland Japan. The United States would end World War II still without a settled air control doctrine. When the U.S. Air Force split from the U.S. Army in 1947, neither carried out the responsibility for forward air control; the U.S. military thus had no forward air control function when the Korean War broke out. Forward air control operations during World War II Forward air control operations during World War II were begun as an ad hoc expedient to wartime conditions. Forward air control during the war began with the\",\n \"title\": \"Forward air control operations during World War II\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":275,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"276"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"When was the battle of Shiloh?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1283312","text":"20, 1980, describes a visit to the site of the battle by a modern couple whose marriage is about to collapse. In Frederick Forsyth's 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", one of the main plots is of the Phantom composing an opera set during the battle called \"The Angel of Shiloh\". In 2011, the American Celtic punk band Dropkick Murphys included a song lamenting the heavy casualties taken by Irish units at Shiloh on their album \"Going Out in Style\" entitled \"Broken Hymns.\" The Battle of Shiloh was depicted in the wargame \"Bloody April: The Battle of Shiloh, 1862\", published","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283236","text":"Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. A Union force known as the Army of the Tennessee (Major General Ulysses S. Grant) had moved via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and was encamped principally at Pittsburg Landing on the west bank of the Tennessee River, where the Confederate Army of Mississippi (General Albert Sidney Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard second-in-command) launched a surprise attack on Grant's army from its base in Corinth,","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283310","text":"stamp on the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Shiloh, first issued through the Shiloh, Tennessee, Post Office on April 7, 1962. It was the second in a marking the Civil War Centennial. The writer Ambrose Bierce was at Shiloh as sergeant-major of the 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. He recalled his experiences in the essay \"What I Saw of Shiloh\", written in 1874 and twice revised in the following 35 years. He describes Pittsburg Landing as follows: \"Here in 1862 were some fields and a house or two; now there are a national cemetery and other improvements.\" Some scholars think","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283240","text":"Union advance into northern Mississippi. The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history until the Battle of Antietam in September (an overall bloodier battle and still the bloodiest single day in American military history), which was surpassed by the Battle of Chancellorsville the next year and soon after, by the three-day Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest of the war. After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew his forces into western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and Alabama to reorganize. Johnston established his base at Corinth, Mississippi, the site","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283302","text":"the fall of 1862, he led it on an abortive invasion of Kentucky, culminating in his retreat from the Battle of Perryville. The Union General Lew Wallace was heavily criticized for failing to get his division into the battle until 1830 hours, near the end of combat on the first day. He was removed from the Army of the Tennessee and never again received a front line command or took part in a big offensive operation, though his backwater assignments still placed him in important battles. Shortly after Shiloh, he was sent to the War Department in Ohio where he","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1188344","text":"the reasons for the change are unclear: in 1908, some local citizens testified that it was named in honor of the Battle of Shiloh, a Civil War battle fought in 1862, while others stated that it was given in memory of the biblical Shiloh. In 1874, Shiloh was incorporated as a village. Two railroads provided substantial commerce by the end of the century, and natural gas deposits supplied the village with its energy needs and small amounts of gas for export to surrounding communities. One Shiloh location, the Silas Ferrell House, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.","title":"Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio"},{"docid":"8096279","text":"the best 19th-century system ever designed for a wargame—realistic, challenging, and eminently replayable.\" The three \"Battleground\" games of 1996—\"Shiloh\", \"Antietam\" and \"\"—collectively won \"Computer Games Strategy Plus\"s wargame of the year award for that year. The Computer Game Developers Conference nominated \"Shiloh\" for its 1996 \"Best Music or Soundtrack\" Spotlight Award, which ultimately went to \"Quake\". The game received a score of 85% from \"boot\". Battleground 4: Shiloh Battleground 4: Shiloh is a turn-based computer wargame developed by TalonSoft in 1996, the fourth issue in the Battleground series. It simulated combat at the 1862 Battle of Shiloh, using both a","title":"Battleground 4: Shiloh"},{"docid":"8096277","text":"Battleground 4: Shiloh Battleground 4: Shiloh is a turn-based computer wargame developed by TalonSoft in 1996, the fourth issue in the Battleground series. It simulated combat at the 1862 Battle of Shiloh, using both a video version of miniature wargaming and board gaming. Terrain hex maps are 3D or 2D with various scales and sizes. The basic platform for the Battleground series involves individual infantry and cavalry regiments, artillery batteries, and commanders. All are rated for strength, firepower, weaponry, morale, and movement. As a unit takes fire, it may become fatigued, disordered, or routed to the rear. Players compete against","title":"Battleground 4: Shiloh"},{"docid":"11697318","text":"Battle of Booneville The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862, in Booneville, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. It occurred in the aftermath of the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh and within the context of Confederate General Braxton Bragg's efforts to recapture the rail junction at Corinth, Mississippi, north of Booneville. After the Union Army victory at Shiloh, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck moved his forces slowly toward Corinth, an important rail center. By May 25, 1862, after traveling in three weeks, Halleck was positioned to lay siege to the town. But on May 29,","title":"Battle of Booneville"},{"docid":"11697321","text":"respectively. The cavalry forces pushed Chalmers to retreat and Sheridan called off the pursuit after , when his fatigued troops encountered swampy terrain. Sheridan estimated that Chalmer lost 65 troops killed in the battle; Federal casualties were one dead, 24 wounded, and 16 missing. Due to the battle, Bragg delayed his offensive strategy for Corinth, allowing Halleck additional time to unite his troops. Battle of Booneville The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862, in Booneville, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. It occurred in the aftermath of the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh and within","title":"Battle of Booneville"},{"docid":"3548562","text":"self-guided Auto Tour. The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The two-day battle, April 6 and April 7, 1862, involved about 65,000 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell and 44,000 Confederates under Albert Sidney Johnston (killed in the battle) and P.G.T. Beauregard. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side —the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it","title":"Shiloh National Military Park"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283312\",\n \"text\": \"20, 1980, describes a visit to the site of the battle by a modern couple whose marriage is about to collapse. In Frederick Forsyth's 1999 novel \\\"The Phantom of Manhattan\\\", one of the main plots is of the Phantom composing an opera set during the battle called \\\"The Angel of Shiloh\\\". In 2011, the American Celtic punk band Dropkick Murphys included a song lamenting the heavy casualties taken by Irish units at Shiloh on their album \\\"Going Out in Style\\\" entitled \\\"Broken Hymns.\\\" The Battle of Shiloh was depicted in the wargame \\\"Bloody April: The Battle of Shiloh, 1862\\\", published\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283236\",\n \"text\": \"Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. A Union force known as the Army of the Tennessee (Major General Ulysses S. Grant) had moved via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and was encamped principally at Pittsburg Landing on the west bank of the Tennessee River, where the Confederate Army of Mississippi (General Albert Sidney Johnston, P. G. T. Beauregard second-in-command) launched a surprise attack on Grant's army from its base in Corinth,\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283310\",\n \"text\": \"stamp on the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Shiloh, first issued through the Shiloh, Tennessee, Post Office on April 7, 1962. It was the second in a marking the Civil War Centennial. The writer Ambrose Bierce was at Shiloh as sergeant-major of the 9th Indiana Infantry Regiment. He recalled his experiences in the essay \\\"What I Saw of Shiloh\\\", written in 1874 and twice revised in the following 35 years. He describes Pittsburg Landing as follows: \\\"Here in 1862 were some fields and a house or two; now there are a national cemetery and other improvements.\\\" Some scholars think\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283240\",\n \"text\": \"Union advance into northern Mississippi. The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle in American history until the Battle of Antietam in September (an overall bloodier battle and still the bloodiest single day in American military history), which was surpassed by the Battle of Chancellorsville the next year and soon after, by the three-day Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest of the war. After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew his forces into western Tennessee, northern Mississippi, and Alabama to reorganize. Johnston established his base at Corinth, Mississippi, the site\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283302\",\n \"text\": \"the fall of 1862, he led it on an abortive invasion of Kentucky, culminating in his retreat from the Battle of Perryville. The Union General Lew Wallace was heavily criticized for failing to get his division into the battle until 1830 hours, near the end of combat on the first day. He was removed from the Army of the Tennessee and never again received a front line command or took part in a big offensive operation, though his backwater assignments still placed him in important battles. Shortly after Shiloh, he was sent to the War Department in Ohio where he\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1188344\",\n \"text\": \"the reasons for the change are unclear: in 1908, some local citizens testified that it was named in honor of the Battle of Shiloh, a Civil War battle fought in 1862, while others stated that it was given in memory of the biblical Shiloh. In 1874, Shiloh was incorporated as a village. Two railroads provided substantial commerce by the end of the century, and natural gas deposits supplied the village with its energy needs and small amounts of gas for export to surrounding communities. One Shiloh location, the Silas Ferrell House, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8096279\",\n \"text\": \"the best 19th-century system ever designed for a wargame—realistic, challenging, and eminently replayable.\\\" The three \\\"Battleground\\\" games of 1996—\\\"Shiloh\\\", \\\"Antietam\\\" and \\\"\\\"—collectively won \\\"Computer Games Strategy Plus\\\"s wargame of the year award for that year. The Computer Game Developers Conference nominated \\\"Shiloh\\\" for its 1996 \\\"Best Music or Soundtrack\\\" Spotlight Award, which ultimately went to \\\"Quake\\\". The game received a score of 85% from \\\"boot\\\". Battleground 4: Shiloh Battleground 4: Shiloh is a turn-based computer wargame developed by TalonSoft in 1996, the fourth issue in the Battleground series. It simulated combat at the 1862 Battle of Shiloh, using both a\",\n \"title\": \"Battleground 4: Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8096277\",\n \"text\": \"Battleground 4: Shiloh Battleground 4: Shiloh is a turn-based computer wargame developed by TalonSoft in 1996, the fourth issue in the Battleground series. It simulated combat at the 1862 Battle of Shiloh, using both a video version of miniature wargaming and board gaming. Terrain hex maps are 3D or 2D with various scales and sizes. The basic platform for the Battleground series involves individual infantry and cavalry regiments, artillery batteries, and commanders. All are rated for strength, firepower, weaponry, morale, and movement. As a unit takes fire, it may become fatigued, disordered, or routed to the rear. Players compete against\",\n \"title\": \"Battleground 4: Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11697318\",\n \"text\": \"Battle of Booneville The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862, in Booneville, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. It occurred in the aftermath of the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh and within the context of Confederate General Braxton Bragg's efforts to recapture the rail junction at Corinth, Mississippi, north of Booneville. After the Union Army victory at Shiloh, Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck moved his forces slowly toward Corinth, an important rail center. By May 25, 1862, after traveling in three weeks, Halleck was positioned to lay siege to the town. But on May 29,\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Booneville\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11697321\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. The cavalry forces pushed Chalmers to retreat and Sheridan called off the pursuit after , when his fatigued troops encountered swampy terrain. Sheridan estimated that Chalmer lost 65 troops killed in the battle; Federal casualties were one dead, 24 wounded, and 16 missing. Due to the battle, Bragg delayed his offensive strategy for Corinth, allowing Halleck additional time to unite his troops. Battle of Booneville The Battle of Booneville was fought on July 1, 1862, in Booneville, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. It occurred in the aftermath of the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh and within\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Booneville\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3548562\",\n \"text\": \"self-guided Auto Tour. The Battle of Shiloh was one of the first major battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The two-day battle, April 6 and April 7, 1862, involved about 65,000 Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant and Don Carlos Buell and 44,000 Confederates under Albert Sidney Johnston (killed in the battle) and P.G.T. Beauregard. The battle resulted in nearly 24,000 killed, wounded, and missing. The two days of fighting did not end in a decisive tactical victory for either side —the Union held the battlefield but failed to pursue the withdrawing Confederate forces. However, it\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh National Military Park\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1283311","text":"'What I Saw of Shiloh' is Bierce's best work. The song \"Shiloh's Hill\" was written shortly after the battle and soon became a popular civil war tune. The Battle of Shiloh was depicted in the 1962 film \"How the West Was Won\", directed by John Ford. Shel Silverstein wrote \"In the Hills of Shiloh\", a poignant song about widowed bride forever awaiting the return of a man killed in the battle of Shiloh. The song was recorded by The New Christy Minstrels, Judy Collins, and others. Bobbie Ann Mason's short story \"Shiloh\", which appeared in \"The New Yorker\" on October","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283313","text":"in 1979 by Simulation Publications Inc. (SPI). In May 2016, \"Bloody April\", a computer game based on the SPI title was released by HexWar Games, Ltd. (Scotland), for iPhone/iPad/Mac platforms. This single-player game (with a computer opponent) presents several scenarios covering the two-day battle. The battle is also depicted on in \"\" (released November 2016 by Game Labs), a computer game that presents various battles of the civil war in a realistic and tactical manner. Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283309","text":"National Park Service and incorporated into the Shiloh National Military Park. The land preserved by the Trust at Shiloh included tracts over which Confederate divisions passed as they fought Grant's men on the battle's first day and their retreat during the Union counteroffensive on day two. A 2012 campaign focused in particular on a section of land which was part of the Confederate right flank on day one and on several tracts which were part of the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Shiloh National Military Park is managed by the National Park Service. The United States Postal Service released a commemorative","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283268","text":"support of Sherman's 5th Division, which was encamped around Shiloh Church when the battle began. The written orders, transcribed from verbal orders that Grant gave to an aide, were lost during the battle and controversy remains over their wording. Wallace maintained that he was not ordered to Pittsburg Landing, which was to the left rear of the army, or told which road to use. Grant later claimed that he ordered Wallace to Pittsburg Landing by way of the River Road (also called the Hamburg–Savannah Road). Around noon, Wallace began the journey along the Shunpike, a route familiar to his men.","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283307","text":"through a long string of commanders, much like the Union in the east, as Davis searched for a leader who was the caliber of Robert E. Lee. In addition to those already mentioned, several other famous people participated in the Battle of Shiloh Shiloh's importance as a Civil War battle, coupled with the lack of widespread agricultural or industrial development in the battle area after the war, led to its development as one of the first five battlefields restored by the federal government in the 1890s. Government involvement eventually proved insufficient to preserve the land on which the battle took","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283254","text":"to consider retreat. Johnston made the decision to attack, stating \"I would fight them if they were a million.\" Despite Beauregard's well-founded concern, most of the Union forces did not hear the marching army approach and were unaware of the enemy camps less than away. Before 6 a.m. on Sunday, April 6, Johnston's army was deployed for battle, straddling the Corinth Road. The army had spent the entire night making a camp in order of battle within of the Union camp near Sherman's headquarters at Shiloh Church. Despite several contacts, a few minor skirmishes with Union forces, and the failure","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283291","text":"and seized the heights overlooking Locust Grove Branch by late afternoon. Beauregard's final counterattack was flanked and repulsed when Grant moved Col. James C. Veatch's brigade forward. Realizing that he had lost the initiative, was low on ammunition and food, and had more than 10,000 of his men killed, wounded, or missing, Beauregard could go no further. He withdrew beyond Shiloh Church, leaving 5,000 men under Breckinridge as a covering force, and massed Confederate batteries at the church and on the ridge south of Shiloh Branch. Confederate forces kept the Union men in position on the Corinth Road until 5","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283269","text":"A member of Grant's staff, William R. Rowley, found Wallace between 2 and 2:30 p.m. on the Shunpike, after Grant wondered where Wallace was and why he had not arrived on the battlefield, while the main Union force was being slowly pressed backward. Rowley told Wallace that the Union army had retreated, Sherman was no longer fighting at Shiloh Church, and the battle line had moved northeast toward Pittsburg Landing. If Wallace continued in the same direction, he would have found himself in the rear of the advancing Confederate troops. Wallace had to make a choice: he could launch an","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283292","text":"p.m., then began an orderly withdrawal southwest to Corinth. The exhausted Union soldiers did not pursue much farther than the original Sherman and Prentiss encampments. Lew Wallace's division crossed Shiloh Branch and advanced nearly , but received no support from other units and was recalled. They returned to Sherman's camps at dark. The battle was over. For long afterwards, Grant and Buell quarreled over Grant's decision not to mount an immediate pursuit with another hour of daylight remaining. Grant cited the exhaustion of his troops, although the Confederates were certainly just as exhausted. Part of Grant's reluctance to act could","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283303","text":"led the successful Defense of Cincinnati during Bragg's invasion of Kentucky. In 1864, at the Battle of Monocacy, Wallace commanded a 5,800 man force to oppose Jubal Early's 14,000-an invasion of Maryland. Faced against an army more than twice his size, Wallace was eventually forced to retreat to Baltimore, but his men delayed Early's advance for a full day, enabling Union re-enforcement to be brought up to protect Washington D.C. Despite this success and later fame for writing the book \"\", criticism of Wallace's conduct at Shiloh would haunt him for the rest of his life and he would spend","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283299","text":"able to retain under the strenuous circumstances, and his ability to perceive the larger tactical picture that ultimately resulted in victory on the second day. For the rest of his life, Grant would insist he always had the battle well under control and rejected claims from critics that only the death of Johnston and arrival of Buell's Army prevented his defeat. In his 1885 memoirs, he wrote: Grant's career suffered temporarily in the aftermath of Shiloh; Halleck combined and reorganized his armies, relegating Grant to the powerless position of second-in-command. Beauregard remained in command of the Army of Mississippi and","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283304","text":"much of it trying to defend his actions there. The two-day battle of Shiloh, the costliest in American history up to that time, resulted in the defeat of the Confederate army and frustration of Johnston's plans to prevent the two Union armies in Tennessee from joining together. Union casualties were 13,047 (1,754 killed, 8,408 wounded, and 2,885 missing); Grant's army bore the brunt of the fighting over the two days, with casualties of 1,513 killed, 6,601 wounded, and 2,830 missing or captured. Confederate casualties were 10,699 (1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing or captured). The dead included the Confederate","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"9813382","text":"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season Shiloh Season is a 1999 film directed by Sandy Tung and starring Zachary Browne. It serves as a film sequel to the 1997 film \"Shiloh\", which was adapted from the book by the same name by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. Judd is upset that Shiloh (his former hunting dog) now belongs to Marty. In the first film, Marty did hard labor to get Shiloh from Judd. Judd starts drinking heavily and almost runs Marty and Shiloh off the road with his truck. Marty encounters Judd several times, including one key moment when Judd thinks he heard Marty","title":"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season"},{"docid":"12088143","text":"either gender in the United States. In the United States, the name has associations with the Southern United States due to the Battle of Shiloh, a major battle of the United States Civil War, and to many towns named Shiloh in southern states, which were usually named after the town in the Bible. People named Shiloh include: Shiloh (given name) Shiloh is a Biblical place, mentioned in Genesis 49:10, meaning \"peace\". Christians claim it is a reference to Jesus, but Muslims claim it is a reference to Islam. The name was the 803rd most popular name for girls born in","title":"Shiloh (given name)"},{"docid":"1283245","text":"Grant developed a reputation during the war for being more concerned with his own plans than with those of the enemy. His encampment at Pittsburg Landing displayed his most consequential lack of such concern—his army was spread out in bivouac style, with many of his men surrounding a small, log meetinghouse named Shiloh Church (Shiloh was a biblical city that served as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel), passing the time waiting for Buell's army with drills for his many raw troops without establishing entrenchments or other significant defensive measures. In his memoirs, Grant reacted to criticism of his","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283285","text":"dusk. Braxton Bragg and Albert Sidney Johnston's son, Col. William Preston Johnston, were among those who bemoaned the so-called \"lost opportunity at Shiloh.\" Beauregard did not come to the front to inspect the strength of the Union lines; he remained at Shiloh Church. He also discounted intelligence reports from Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest (and bluster from prisoner of war General Prentiss) that Buell's men were crossing the river to reinforce Grant. In defense of his decision, Beauregard's troops were simply exhausted, there was less than an hour of daylight left, and Grant's artillery advantage was formidable. In addition, he had","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"9813384","text":"Marty and Judd start to become friends after Judd tells him that it was Shiloh who really saved him, Judd starts to gets close with his dogs and he lets them come inside when it starts to rain at the end. The film currently holds a rating of 70% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 20 reviews with an average score of 6.6/20. Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season Shiloh Season is a 1999 film directed by Sandy Tung and starring Zachary Browne. It serves as a film sequel to the 1997 film \"Shiloh\", which was adapted from the book by the same","title":"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season"},{"docid":"3548563","text":"was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there. The battlefield is named after Shiloh Methodist Church, a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as \"The Battle of Pittsburg Landing\". The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil Wilson Duke was appointed","title":"Shiloh National Military Park"},{"docid":"3548567","text":"well preserved prehistoric Shiloh Indian Mounds Site, which is also a National Historic Landmark. The site was inhabited during the Early Mississippian period from about 1000 to 1450 CE. Shiloh National Military Park Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with an additional area located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh. The Battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at","title":"Shiloh National Military Park"},{"docid":"9081935","text":"in a shed behind his house. His secret is soon revealed when his mother, Louise Preston, comes up the hill and sees Marty and Shiloh bonding. When a German Shepherd belonging to the Bakers family attacks Shiloh, Marty turns to Ray for help. Marty takes Shiloh to a vet and Shiloh recovers quickly. Soon, Ray says that it is time to take Shiloh back to Judd. Marty urges his father to keep Shiloh, pleading about how Judd abuses the dog. Ray initially agrees to keep Shiloh until he recovers, and tries not to become attached to Shiloh. That night, when","title":"Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"1704010","text":"USS Shiloh (CG-67) USS \"Shiloh\" (CG-67) is a \"Ticonderoga\"-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy, named in remembrance of the Battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War. She was built at the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. With her guided missiles and rapid-fire cannons, she is capable of facing and defeating threats in the air, on the sea, or the ashore, and underneath the sea. She also carries two Seahawk LAMPS multi-purpose helicopters, mainly for anti-submarine warfare, (ASW). On 3 September 1996, while in the \"Carl Vinson\" carrier battle group, \"Shiloh\" launched six Tomahawk cruise missiles","title":"USS Shiloh (CG-67)"},{"docid":"3548561","text":"Shiloh National Military Park Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with an additional area located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh. The Battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack. The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a","title":"Shiloh National Military Park"},{"docid":"17858210","text":"Shiloh College Shiloh College is a historic school building located at 13043 Walnut Street in Shiloh Hill, Illinois. Preparations for Shiloh College's founding began in 1836. In 1839, area residents purchased 80 acres for the school and the Illinois legislature officially incorporated the college. Shiloh College's students included John A. Logan, the future Civil War general, Congressman, candidate for Vice President, and founder of Memorial Day. By 1896, the college was financially strapped, ceased operations, and leased the building to the Shiloh Hill school district. The building served as a public school until 1954, when the school was consolidated into","title":"Shiloh College"},{"docid":"3037749","text":"David's elevation of Jerusalem. The tabernacle had been built under Moses' direction from God (Exodus 26) to house the Ark of the Covenant, also built under Moses' direction from God (Exodus 25). According to Talmudic sources, the tent sanctuary remained at Shiloh for 369 years until the Ark of the Covenant was taken into the battle camp at Eben-Ezer (1 Samuel 4:3–5) and captured by the Philistines at Aphek (probably Antipatris). At some point during its long stay at Shiloh, the portable tent seems to have been enclosed within a compound — a Greek \"temenos\". It was at Shiloh that","title":"Shiloh (biblical city)"},{"docid":"9907412","text":"Shiloh (Foote novel) Shiloh: A Novel is a historical novel about the American Civil War battle of that name, written in 1952 by Shelby Foote. It employs the first-person perspectives of several protagonists, Union and Confederate, to give a moment-by-moment depiction of the battle. Because the novel is divided into chapters, each closely concerned with one of the characters, a summary of the story serves as a character analysis as well. Chapter One takes place the day before the battle; it is narrated by Lieutenant Palmer Metcalfe, a cocky, 19 year old, aristocrat from New Orleans and a staff officer","title":"Shiloh (Foote novel)"},{"docid":"1283290","text":"counterattacks from Breckinridge. Wallace's and Sherman's men on the Union right made steady progress, driving Bragg and Polk to the south. As Crittenden and McCook resumed their attacks, Breckinridge was forced to retire. By noon Beauregard's line paralleled the Hamburg-Purdy Road. In early afternoon, Beauregard launched a series of counterattacks from the Shiloh Church area, aiming to control the Corinth Road. The Union right was temporarily driven back by these assaults at Water Oaks Pond. Crittenden, reinforced by Tuttle, seized the junction of the Hamburg-Purdy and East Corinth roads, driving the Confederates into Prentiss's old camps. Nelson resumed his attack","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1704011","text":"in Operation Desert Strike against Iraq. She deployed with the Battle Group again in July 2002, and was among the first cruisers to launch missiles in Operation Iraqi Freedom. In March 2003 \"Shiloh\" was assigned to Cruiser-Destroyer Group Three. The \"Shiloh\" returned to her homeport San Diego, California on 25 April 2003, ending an unusually long nine-month deployment. In January 2005, she participated in Operation Unified Assistance, rendering aid to those who suffered from the 26 December 2004 tsunami off the coast of Aceh, Indonesia. The \"Shiloh\" was one of the first American ships to arrive on scene. On 22","title":"USS Shiloh (CG-67)"},{"docid":"8096278","text":"the computer's artificial intelligence or against another player via modem. Players may try a variety of 25 individual scenarios, or refight the entire Battle of Shiloh. A Fog of War option enhances playing against the computer, as it hides units that are not in direct view of the enemy. The game features video clips of battle reenactments, as well as Civil War music by folk singer Bobby Horton. \"Shiloh\" won \"Computer Gaming World\"s 1996 \"Wargame of the Year\" award. The editors wrote, \"Sure, there's micromanaging. And yes, there's complexity, too. But the learning curve is justified, because this is simply","title":"Battleground 4: Shiloh"},{"docid":"3037753","text":"same battle and that the later Davidic editors redacted the texts to make it appear as if Saul had ruled without either Tent Shrine or Ark, and thus without sacral legitimacy. This claim is disputed. What is certain is that during the prophetic ministry of Jeremiah (7:12-15; 26:5-9) over three hundred years later, Shiloh had been reduced to ruins. Jeremiah used the example of Shiloh to warn the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem what Yahweh Elohim will do to the \"place where I caused my name to dwell,\" warning them that their holy city, Jerusalem, like Shiloh, could fall under","title":"Shiloh (biblical city)"},{"docid":"1704015","text":"to counsel him. Capt. Aycock was relieved of command after completing his full 26-month tour. USS Shiloh (CG-67) USS \"Shiloh\" (CG-67) is a \"Ticonderoga\"-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy, named in remembrance of the Battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War. She was built at the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. With her guided missiles and rapid-fire cannons, she is capable of facing and defeating threats in the air, on the sea, or the ashore, and underneath the sea. She also carries two Seahawk LAMPS multi-purpose helicopters, mainly for anti-submarine warfare, (ASW). On 3 September","title":"USS Shiloh (CG-67)"},{"docid":"16292943","text":"Journey to Shiloh Journey to Shiloh is a 1968 Technicolor Western film starring James Caan, Michael Sarrazin, Harrison Ford, Brenda Scott, Albert Popwell, Jan-Michael Vincent, Robert Pine and Noah Beery, and directed by William Hale. As well as early starring performances from Caan and Sarrazin, it also features small parts for up-and-coming actors Harrison Ford and Jan-Michael Vincent. Seven young Texans in the Confederate army during the American Civil War, The Concho County Comanches, journey to Shiloh, Tennessee where a major battle is about to take place. Along the way they encounter many perilous adventures. \"TV Guide\" gave it a","title":"Journey to Shiloh"},{"docid":"6905099","text":"to discover that another town of Shiloh already existed in the state of Arkansas. Due to United States Postal Service regulations, the town was forced to change its name to receive a post office. The town then assumed its current name, after the numerous springs that are prevalent in the area. When the museum was established, it was named in honor of the original name of the city, the Shiloh Museum. In 1993, the board of trustees expanded the name to include Ozark history to better represent the museum's mission. Over the years the Shiloh Museum of Ozark History has","title":"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History"},{"docid":"1283308","text":"place. (The federal government had saved just over 2,000 acres at Shiloh by 1897, and consolidated those gains by adding another 1,700 acres by 1954.) Preservation eventually slowed. Since 1954, only 300 additional acres of the saved land had been preserved. Private preservation organizations stepped in to fill the void. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) became the primary agent of these efforts, joining federal, state and local partners to acquire and preserve of the battlefield in more than 25 different acquisitions since 1996. Much of the acreage has been sold or conveyed to the","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"1283264","text":"men fought stubbornly, but the Union troops slowly lost ground and fell back to a position behind Shiloh Church. McClernand's division temporarily stabilized the position. Overall, however, Johnston's forces made steady progress until noon, rolling up Union positions one by one. As the Confederates advanced, many threw away their flintlock muskets and grabbed rifles dropped by the fleeing Union troops. By 11:00 am, the Confederate advance began to slow down, due to stiff Union resistance, but also due to disciplinary problems as the army overran the Federal camps. The sight of fresh food still burning on camp fires proved too","title":"Battle of Shiloh"},{"docid":"5059498","text":"that when she read the book to her children, she chose not to read with the dialect. In 1992, \"Shiloh\" received the John Newbery Medal. The annual award, bestowed by the children's librarians division of the American Library Association, is given for \"the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children\". \"Shiloh\" was a dark horse for the award. Ohio State University Professor Rudine Sims Bishop, a member of the 1992 Newbery committee, said in an interview that \"Shiloh\" was a \"sleeper\" that surfaced as a serious contender deep in their debate. After the January 27, 1992 announcement of \"Shiloh\"s","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"3037756","text":"Shiloh as a result of the verse (Genesis 49:10)—\"The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes, and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.\" Shiloh is believed to refer to Jesus by some Christians. Alternative translations have led others, including some Christians, to different conclusions. In 638 the Muslims conquered the area of Palestine. Muslim pilgrims to Shiloh mention a mosque called es-Sekineh where the memory of Jacob's and Joseph's deeds was revered. The earliest source is el-Harawi, who visited the country in 1173 when it was occupied by","title":"Shiloh (biblical city)"},{"docid":"1148989","text":"of a referendum held on May 16, 1929. The borough was named for the Civil War Battle of Shiloh. It is a dry town, where alcohol cannot be sold, though alcohol is available at the winery in the borough. The settlement of Shiloh was founded in 1705 by Robert Ayars. He brought over 2,000 people from Rhode Island to be free of religious persecution. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.209 square miles (3.129 km), including 1.208 square miles (3.128 km) of land and 0.001 square miles (0.002 km) of water (0.05%).","title":"Shiloh, New Jersey"},{"docid":"17858211","text":"Trico School District. The only surviving building from Shiloh College is a Greek Revival building constructed in 1881. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2005. It is one of two one-room schoolhouses remaining in the Shiloh Hill area. In 1998, the Randolph County Historical Society took ownership of the College building. In 2004, the Shiloh College Foundation was founded to support restoration of the college building. Shiloh College Shiloh College is a historic school building located at 13043 Walnut Street in Shiloh Hill, Illinois. Preparations for Shiloh College's founding began in 1836.","title":"Shiloh College"},{"docid":"9907423","text":"narrative also resembles Stephen Crane's \"The Red Badge of Courage\"; a similarity reinforced by the fact that Foote wrote an introduction to an edition of Crane's work some forty years later. The story illustrates two of Foote's most strongly held convictions: that Nathan Bedford Forrest was the greatest combat commander in the American Civil War, and that Confederate society held the seeds of its own doom. Shiloh (Foote novel) Shiloh: A Novel is a historical novel about the American Civil War battle of that name, written in 1952 by Shelby Foote. It employs the first-person perspectives of several protagonists, Union","title":"Shiloh (Foote novel)"},{"docid":"16869181","text":"death, hostility, and sibling rivalry. \"A Shiloh Christmas\" was published in 2015. \"Shiloh\" is a Family/Drama film produced and directed by Dale Rosenbloom in 1996. It was shown at the Heartland Film Festival in 1996, but its general release came on April 27, 1997. \"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season\" is a 1999 family/drama film about a boy trying to defend his dog from a man who is constantly under the influence. \"Saving Shiloh\" is a family movie produced in 2006. The film is rated PG for some thematic elements and peril. Shiloh (franchise) Shiloh is a media franchise that includes four","title":"Shiloh (franchise)"},{"docid":"9081934","text":"to remodel an abandoned shack at the top of a hidden hill for the dog to stay in for the next few weeks. Marty bonds with the dog, and names him Shiloh. Marty's strict father, Ray Preston, will not let Marty keep Shiloh because he belongs to Judd Travers. Judd is a mean old man that hunts with his dogs. Shiloh was the most mistreated in the pack. Marty hesitantly returns Shiloh to Judd, but, after Shiloh is mistreated again, the dog returns to Marty. Knowing Ray will make him take Shiloh back to Judd, Marty decides to hide Shiloh","title":"Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"10452662","text":"be used as a commercial spaceport. Shiloh was the part of Merritt Island between the Old Haulover Canal to the south, and Volusia County to the north. It is still used in the atlas of Brevard County. Shiloh is located at . Shiloh, Florida Shiloh was a village in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is the northernmost place in Brevard County. Scottsmoor also shares the title, across the Indian River. Shiloh is currently uninhabited. It was an active community during the turn of the 19th to the 20th Century. During the beginning of the Space Age, the village was","title":"Shiloh, Florida"},{"docid":"17748979","text":"Shiloh Orphanage Shiloh Orphanage, now the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center, was an orphanage for black children in Augusta, Georgia, United States. The site includes the Strong Academy building, a girls' dormitory, and a boys' dormitory. The orphanage closed in 1970 and reopened in 1977 as the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1996. It is located at 1635 15th Street. The orphanage was established in 1902 by the Shiloh Baptist Association. Land for the orphanage was purchased in 1904 near the historically black community of Bethlehem. Strong Academy,","title":"Shiloh Orphanage"},{"docid":"1055114","text":"who were born to live, lived to help, and helped to live. The Shiloh School District 85 consists of two schools. Most children attend Shiloh Elementary and Shiloh Middle School, both public schools. Shiloh students attend O'Fallon Township High School, District 203. Students west of Greenmount Road attend Whiteside Elementary School and attend Belleville Township High School East. Shiloh is home to Memorial Hospital East, part of BJC HealthCare. A satellite facility of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center is expected to move into a new building on the campus in early 2020. Shiloh, Illinois Shiloh is a village in","title":"Shiloh, Illinois"},{"docid":"12088142","text":"Shiloh (given name) Shiloh is a Biblical place, mentioned in Genesis 49:10, meaning \"peace\". Christians claim it is a reference to Jesus, but Muslims claim it is a reference to Islam. The name was the 803rd most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007, 650th in 2008, 604th by 2009, and 620th by 2010. The name was popularized when American actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt named their daughter Shiloh Nouvel (born 2006). The name had previously been used occasionally for both boys and girls, though it was never previously among the top 1,000 names for","title":"Shiloh (given name)"},{"docid":"9081937","text":"though, sometimes overtime without being paid a penny more. Marty told Judd that he wanted Shiloh and that he worked very hard for nothing. Marty keeps Shiloh for the next few days, until Judd comes again to take the dog. Marty fights with Judd again about keeping Shiloh with the help of Ray. Judd then tries to kidnap Shiloh. Ray comes to the rescue and knocks Judd down, and they both fight. Judd escapes Ray, grabs Shiloh, and drives away in his truck. Marty can already tell how much Judd is going to abuse Shiloh. Watching Marty and Shiloh in","title":"Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"18138136","text":"Johnny Shiloh (film) Johnny Shiloh is a 1963 television film that originally aired as two episodes of The Wonderful World of Disney based on the life of John Clem, who was called \"Johnny Shiloh\". When the Blue Raiders are called into Union service at the start of the American Civil War, their mascot drummer boy, John Clem defies his father’s wishes and smuggles himself on the train carrying the troops to camp. In spite of efforts by the troops to force him to give up and go home, Johnny refuses and tries to tough it out. He gets photographed by","title":"Johnny Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"18138138","text":"B. Steedman, but on the way back to Thomas’s headquarters, Gabe is wounded and Johnny is captured. Even though questioned by General Joseph Wheeler he refuses to talk. He makes a daring escape and returns to the union lines. Johnny Shiloh (film) Johnny Shiloh is a 1963 television film that originally aired as two episodes of The Wonderful World of Disney based on the life of John Clem, who was called \"Johnny Shiloh\". When the Blue Raiders are called into Union service at the start of the American Civil War, their mascot drummer boy, John Clem defies his father’s wishes","title":"Johnny Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"9081938","text":"the mirror, Judd seems to consider everything and releases Shiloh from his truck and the dog runs into Marty's arms. Sheena Easton sings the theme \"Are There Angels\" for the \"Shiloh\" soundtrack during the credits, which show Marty happily walking with Shiloh at his side. The film has been rated PG. Shiloh (film) Shiloh is a 1997 American family drama film produced and directed by Dale Rosenbloom. It was shown at the Heartland Film Festival in 1996, but its general release came on April 25, 1997. The original book by the same name was written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. There","title":"Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"596877","text":"the Civil War Centennial, the United States Post Office issued five postage stamps commemorating the 100th anniversaries of famous battles, as they occurred over a four-year period, beginning with the Battle of Fort Sumter Centennial issue of 1961. The Battle of Shiloh commemorative stamp was issued in 1962, the Battle of Gettysburg in 1963, the Battle of the Wilderness in 1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. Battle of the Wilderness The Battle of the Wilderness, fought May 5–7, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E.","title":"Battle of the Wilderness"},{"docid":"12017679","text":"Shiloh Temple The Shiloh Temple, now Shiloh Chapel, is a historic religious facility at 38 Beulah Lane in Durham, Maine. Built in 1897, the surviving building is a small portion of a once-extensive religious enclave established by the evangelical Christian cult leader Frank Sandford, exhibiting a unique expression of religious and summer retreat architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Shiloh Temple stands on a property overlooking the southern bank of the Androscoggin River, a few miles south of Lisbon Falls, off the north side of Shiloh Road. The surviving portion of","title":"Shiloh Temple"},{"docid":"12017682","text":"ended by legal action in 1920 following the death of a Shiloh resident, and most of its buildings were demolished in the 1950s. Low level occupation continued, and the present Shiloh Chapel is a successor to Sandford's legacy. A minister of the Holy Ghost and Us Society, George W. Higgins, was a victim of New England's last tarring and feathering incident in 1899. Shiloh Temple The Shiloh Temple, now Shiloh Chapel, is a historic religious facility at 38 Beulah Lane in Durham, Maine. Built in 1897, the surviving building is a small portion of a once-extensive religious enclave established by","title":"Shiloh Temple"},{"docid":"16869179","text":"that morality is confounding and must choose between two unpalatable choices: rescuing the abused Shiloh through stealing and lying and allowing Judd to keep abusing Shiloh. Reviewers generally gave positive reviews of the book and were impressed by the novel's suspense and vernacular language. In addition to the Newbery Medal, \"Shiloh\" has received several state awards voted upon by children, including the Sequoyah Children's Book Award, the Mark Twain Readers Award, and the William Allen White Children's Book Award. \"Shiloh Season\" was published in 1996. In \"Shiloh Season\", Naylor renews the strife by restoring Judd's hostility and aggravating it with","title":"Shiloh (franchise)"},{"docid":"10179205","text":"Marty explains to Judd that Shiloh is going to go over the waterfall unless he saves him. Judd saves Shiloh and begins a friendship with Marty and Shiloh. Judd joins the local fire and rescue department after his acts of bravery. The film ends with Marty saying, \"If you open your heart, anything is possible.\" Saving Shiloh Saving Shiloh is a family movie produced in 2006, based on the book of the same name written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. It is the third and final film in the trilogy, whose other members are \"Shiloh\" and \"\". The film is rated","title":"Saving Shiloh"},{"docid":"5059501","text":"every week until the end of November. It also created a book guide about \"Shiloh\" and printed 1,000 copies for parents and teachers. A chat room was created for children to direct questions and comments about \"Shiloh\". In 1999, \"Shiloh\" was selected as a recommended novel for children ages nine to twelve in the Read Across America initiative. In 2000, the \"Shiloh\" trilogy placed at number seven on the National Education Association's Children's Top 100 book list. Naylor was delighted that children had given her work such a high ranking. \"Shiloh\" is taught in many American elementary school courses. \"Shiloh\"","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"18138137","text":"Mathew Brady. His father comes to get him, but Johnny runs away and returns to the regiment. He finally wears down Capt. McPherson, who agrees to let him join the regiment officially. At the Battle of Shiloh, Johnny and General George Henry Thomas rally the retreating Federal forces, but his friend Jeremiah Sullivan is killed. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Johnny wounds a Confederate Colonel who was attacking his friend Gabe Trotter. After the battle, General Ulysses S. Grant promotes Gabe to a lieutenant and Johnny is promoted to sergeant. Johnny and Gabe deliver an important message to General James","title":"Johnny Shiloh (film)"},{"docid":"6905101","text":"Shiloh Scrapbook Arkansas Museum Association 2006 Adult & Family Educational Program of the Year, Shiloh Podcasts Northwest Arkansas Citiscapes Metro Monthly 2007 Best Museum Arkansas Museum Association 2007 Publication of the Year, Color the Ozarks Northwest Arkansas Citiscapes Metro Monthly 2008 Best Museum Arkansas Museum Association 2008 Adult/Family Educational Program of the Year, Shiloh Museum in iTunes U Arkansas Museum Association 2008 Museum of the Year, Budget more than $500,000 Shiloh Museum of Ozark History The Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, located in Springdale, Arkansas, is a regional history museum covering the Arkansas Ozarks. Programs, exhibits, and events relating to","title":"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History"},{"docid":"10215326","text":"societies. Shiloh High School Shiloh High School is a public high school located in Snellville, Georgia, United States, in southern Gwinnett County. The school is part of the Gwinnett County Public Schools system and opened in 1984. It serves students in the Shiloh Cluster, which feeds from the Anderson Livsey, Annistown, Centerville, Partee, and Shiloh Elementary Schools and Shiloh Middle School. The school mascot is the General, and the school colors are black, silver, and white. Shiloh, like Peachtree Ridge, was on block scheduling, and until the 2015-2016 school year, was on a regular six-period day starting 2008-2009, but is","title":"Shiloh High School"},{"docid":"10215321","text":"Shiloh High School Shiloh High School is a public high school located in Snellville, Georgia, United States, in southern Gwinnett County. The school is part of the Gwinnett County Public Schools system and opened in 1984. It serves students in the Shiloh Cluster, which feeds from the Anderson Livsey, Annistown, Centerville, Partee, and Shiloh Elementary Schools and Shiloh Middle School. The school mascot is the General, and the school colors are black, silver, and white. Shiloh, like Peachtree Ridge, was on block scheduling, and until the 2015-2016 school year, was on a regular six-period day starting 2008-2009, but is now","title":"Shiloh High School"},{"docid":"10452658","text":"Shiloh, Florida Shiloh was a village in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is the northernmost place in Brevard County. Scottsmoor also shares the title, across the Indian River. Shiloh is currently uninhabited. It was an active community during the turn of the 19th to the 20th Century. During the beginning of the Space Age, the village was later annexed to NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island, Florida, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, and the Canaveral National Seashore. Shiloh is a \"dark sky\" site used by the Kennedy Space Center Amateur Astronomers and the Brevard Astronomical Society","title":"Shiloh, Florida"},{"docid":"5059502","text":"has three sequels, \"Shiloh Season\", \"Saving Shiloh\", and \"A Shiloh Christmas\" published in 1996, 1997, and 2015 respectively. In \"Shiloh Season\", Naylor renews the strife by restoring Judd's hostility and aggravating it with a bout of drinking issues. Marty fears Judd will take back Shiloh and be faithless to the deal they made. Whereas in \"Shiloh\" Marty confronts the confusing and ambiguous concept of morality, in \"Shiloh Season\" he must face the notion of wickedness. In the third book, \"Saving Shiloh\", Marty's parents persuade Marty that people who have wronged are worthy of forgiveness. In the midst of several robberies","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"17748980","text":"a one-room school for young children, was built in 1910; the girls' dormitory was designed by Scroggs and Ewing and completed in 1927; and the Edward Lynn Drummond-designed boys' dormitory was constructed in 1936. The grounds included a vegetable garden and a grazing area for cattle. Shiloh Orphanage Shiloh Orphanage, now the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center, was an orphanage for black children in Augusta, Georgia, United States. The site includes the Strong Academy building, a girls' dormitory, and a boys' dormitory. The orphanage closed in 1970 and reopened in 1977 as the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center. The site was listed","title":"Shiloh Orphanage"},{"docid":"1638184","text":"title track, which opened the album, was based on an introduction Banton had used in live shows. According to producer Donovan Germain, \"'Til Shiloh mean forever.\" In 2002 the album an expanded and remastered edition was released on Island/IDJMG/Universal Records, featuring the tracks \"Sensemilia Persecution\" and \"Rampage.\" The album was listed in the 1999 book \"The Rough Guide: Reggae: 100 Essential CDs\". 'Til Shiloh ’Til Shiloh is the fourth album by Jamaican dancehall artist Buju Banton, released in 1995 on Loose Cannon Records, a short-lived subsidiary of Island Records (see 1995 in music). His international breakthrough, \"’Til Shiloh\" marked a","title":"'Til Shiloh"},{"docid":"5059494","text":"country of West Virginia\". Author Timothy Morris deemed \"Shiloh\" to be the \"most celebrated dog novel of the nineties\". Michele Landsberg of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called \"Shiloh\" a \"compelling read\" and rated the novel an A. Equating \"Shiloh\" to classics like \"Charlotte's Web\", author Laura Elliott praised the novel's \"voice, suspense, and layer of themes\". After \"Shiloh\" received the Newbery Award, Jane Langton wrote in \"The New York Times Book Review\": \"Did \"Shiloh\" really deserve the prize? Surely there must have been a book more important than this agreeable but slight story.\" Langton opined that \"Shiloh\" was \"a good book, not","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"5059466","text":"rescuing the abused Shiloh through stealing and lying and allowing Judd to keep abusing Shiloh. Reviewers generally gave positive reviews of the book and were impressed by the novel's suspense and vernacular language. In addition to the Newbery Medal, \"Shiloh\" has received several state awards voted upon by children, including the Sequoyah Children's Book Award, the Mark Twain Readers Award, and the William Allen White Children's Book Award. In 1996, the book was adapted into a movie of the same name. The novel spawned three sequels, \"Shiloh Season\", \"Saving Shiloh\", and \"A Shiloh Christmas\" published in 1996, 1997, and 2015,","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"15623664","text":"artistry full-time. Michaela Shiloh Michaela \"Mickey\" Shiloh (born January 25, 1992) is an American songwriter and recording artist. Shiloh was signed as an artist and songwriter to Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins from 2009 until 2011 and has written songs for artists such as Janet Jackson, Pitbull, Britney Spears, and Jennifer Lopez. Michaela \"Mickey\" Shiloh is a multi-platinum songwriter and artist. Born in San Mateo, California to teenage parents, she was constantly surrounded by hip-hop throughout her childhood. Following in the footsteps of her father, an aspiring rapper, Mickey began writing her own raps at the age of 8. By 15, she","title":"Michaela Shiloh"},{"docid":"15623661","text":"Michaela Shiloh Michaela \"Mickey\" Shiloh (born January 25, 1992) is an American songwriter and recording artist. Shiloh was signed as an artist and songwriter to Rodney \"Darkchild\" Jerkins from 2009 until 2011 and has written songs for artists such as Janet Jackson, Pitbull, Britney Spears, and Jennifer Lopez. Michaela \"Mickey\" Shiloh is a multi-platinum songwriter and artist. Born in San Mateo, California to teenage parents, she was constantly surrounded by hip-hop throughout her childhood. Following in the footsteps of her father, an aspiring rapper, Mickey began writing her own raps at the age of 8. By 15, she had taught","title":"Michaela Shiloh"},{"docid":"5059493","text":"I can do.\" After ultimately ceding Shiloh to Marty, Judd asks: \"What you going to do with that dog once he's yours?\" Marty's simple reply is: \"Love him.\" Scholar Claudia Mills noted that: \"The resolution of the stand-off comes when Marty, in essence, stands witness, in his mother's religious sense of witness, for an ethic of love, crystallized in his love for Shiloh.\" \"The News & Observer\"s Elizabeth Ward listed \"Shiloh\" as one of the best children's books in 1991. She called the book a \"heartstopping, but tough-as-steel story of a boy and an abused dog in the hardscrabble hill","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"5059488","text":"children to strive to be. In her essay \"The Structure of the Moral Dilemma in Shiloh\" for \"Children's Literature\", Claudia Mills wrote that \"Shiloh\" deals with \"consequentialism pitted against deontological respect for moral duty\". Taught from his youth to be respectful to others and worship God, Marty is confounded by the injustice of Shiloh's being abused. He seeks to justify his unethical actions by thinking that \"[a] lie don't seem a lie anymore when it's meant to save a dog.\" Consequentionalists base the worthiness of a person's act on its result. Marty's act of saving Shiloh is worse for Shiloh's","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"3037746","text":"Shiloh (biblical city) Shiloh (; Hebrew: שִׁלוֹ ,שִׁילֹה ,שִׁלֹה, and שִׁילוֹ variably) was an ancient city in Samaria mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. It has been positively identified with modern Khirbet Seilun, a tell or archaeological mound, called in Modern Hebrew Tel Shiloh. It is located to the west of the modern town of Shilo in the West Bank, south of ancient Lebonah and north of Beth El. Shiloh was the major Israelite worship centre before the first Temple was built in Jerusalem. The meaning of the word \"Shiloh\" is unclear. Sometimes, it is translated as a Messianic title that","title":"Shiloh (biblical city)"},{"docid":"16869180","text":"a bout of drinking issues. Marty fears Judd will take back Shiloh and be faithless to the deal they made. Whereas in \"Shiloh\" Marty confronts the confusing and ambiguous concept of morality, in \"Shiloh Season\" he must face the notion of wickedness. \"Saving Shiloh\" was published in 1997. Marty's parents persuade Marty that people who have wronged are worthy of forgiveness. In the midst of several robberies and a murder, the community hastily faults Judd. Willing to grant Judd a second chance, Marty attempts to help him. Meanwhile, Marty and his family must face the intricacies of life such as","title":"Shiloh (franchise)"},{"docid":"12915875","text":"baseball, softball, tennis (boys/girls), and track and field (boys/girls). The Shiloh Christian High School teams have won more than 25 state championships. The following are notable people associated with Shiloh Christian School. If the person was a SCS student, the number in parentheses indicates the year of graduation; if the person was a faculty or staff member, that person's title and years of association are included: Shiloh Christian School Shiloh Christian School is a private Christian school in Springdale, Arkansas, United States. Shiloh Christian School was founded in 1976 as a ministry of the First Baptist Church of Springdale, by","title":"Shiloh Christian School"},{"docid":"10452661","text":"launch site at Shiloh. Though largely symbolic in nature, the vote was considered by many to be a critical step toward any future development of the proposed Shiloh location. After difficulties gaining support from environmental groups and others, Space Florida began looking in July 2014 for alternatives to the Shiloh location that would facilitate commercial space launch pads on the Florida Space Coast. These include working with the US Air Force to see about converting some of the very large amount of unused military launch pads at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (south of Shiloh) to state land that might","title":"Shiloh, Florida"},{"docid":"1188350","text":"were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over. Shiloh is located within the Plymouth-Shiloh Local School District. The district administers three public schools in the nearby village of Plymouth including Plymouth-Shiloh Elementary School, Shiloh Middle School, and Plymouth High School. Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio Shiloh is a village in Richland County in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is part of the Mansfield, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 649 at the 2010 census. Shiloh was platted in September 1852 at the junction of the Sandusky and","title":"Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio"},{"docid":"991367","text":"Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama Shiloh is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated in 1962. At the 2010 census the population was 274. Shiloh is located atop Sand Mountain. Shiloh is located west of the center of DeKalb County at at an elevation of . It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Rainsville and to the southwest by the town of Fyffe. Alabama State Route 75 passes through Shiloh, connecting Rainsville and Fyffe. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Shiloh has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000,","title":"Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama"},{"docid":"6242478","text":"Shiloh Strong Shiloh Strong (born June 12, 1978) is an American actor, screenwriter, photographer and film director whose roles include \"Zelos Wilder\" from \"Tales of Symphonia\", \"David Scott\" from \"Dinotopia\", and \"Grant\" from \"Buck Naked Arson\". At the age of 16, Shiloh won a Dramalogue Award for writing the play \"Shades of Blue\". He wrote, directed and starred in the award-winning short film \"Irish Twins\" along with his brother, Rider Strong. The film premiered at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. In 2008, Shiloh Strong helped create a television commercial for Barack Obama's Presidential campaign called \"It Could Happen To You\".","title":"Shiloh Strong"},{"docid":"6242479","text":"He appeared in the commercial with Alexandra Barreto and his brother Rider Strong. The commercial won Moveon.org's contest for funniest commercial and aired on Comedy Central. In 2015, Shiloh started working on \"Girl Meets World\", co-directing episodes with his brother Rider. Girl Meets World Shiloh Strong Shiloh Strong (born June 12, 1978) is an American actor, screenwriter, photographer and film director whose roles include \"Zelos Wilder\" from \"Tales of Symphonia\", \"David Scott\" from \"Dinotopia\", and \"Grant\" from \"Buck Naked Arson\". At the age of 16, Shiloh won a Dramalogue Award for writing the play \"Shades of Blue\". He wrote, directed","title":"Shiloh Strong"},{"docid":"10179202","text":"Saving Shiloh Saving Shiloh is a family movie produced in 2006, based on the book of the same name written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. It is the third and final film in the trilogy, whose other members are \"Shiloh\" and \"\". The film is rated PG for some thematic elements and peril. The movie begins with Marty Preston (Jason Dolley) explaining the events of \"Shiloh\" and \"\". Then Judd Travers (Scott Wilson) shows up at the Preston home with dead squirrels as a present for Marty and his family for helping him after his truck accident in the second film.","title":"Saving Shiloh"},{"docid":"16869177","text":"Shiloh (franchise) Shiloh is a media franchise that includes four novels and three films. \"Shiloh\" is a Newbery Medal-winning children's novel by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor published in 1991. The 65th book by Naylor, it is the first in a trilogy about a young boy and the title character, an abused dog. Naylor decided to write \"Shiloh\" after an emotionally taxing experience in West Virginia where she encountered an abused dog. Narrator and protagonist Marty Preston lives in the hills of Friendly, West Virginia. After finding an abused beagle owned by his brutal neighbor Judd Travers, Marty defies his society's standards","title":"Shiloh (franchise)"},{"docid":"10179204","text":"for his hunting dogs, Judd accidentally steps on one of his dog's paws. The dog starts attacking Judd, biting his good leg. Judd doesn't show any fear, grabbing the dog and swinging him at a fence. Afterwards, when Dara Lynn (Kyle Chavarria), another of Marty's sisters, falls into a lake, Marty jumps in to save her. Shiloh jumps in to help but gets caught in the current, which leads toward Miller Falls. Marty goes back into the lake to save Shiloh but gets caught in a branch. Seeing this, Judd jumps off a cliff into the lake to free Marty.","title":"Saving Shiloh"},{"docid":"6905098","text":"the Women's Civic Club, and between 1935 and 2005 as the Odd Fellows Lodge. In 1991, the museum opened its new home, a building. The Shiloh Museum of Ozark History is mainly funded by the City of Springdale, though more than two thirds of its patrons live outside of the city limits. The museum has been named \"Museum of the Year\" four times by the Arkansas Museum Association in 1982, 1991, 2004, and 2008. The original name of the City of Springdale was Shiloh up until 1872. At that time, the town of Shiloh applied for a postal designation, only","title":"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History"},{"docid":"1978974","text":"the breed as the President of the SSDCA, Inc. and Breed Warden for the ISSR. Tina Barber died at the age of 63 on May 30, 2011 in Warsaw, New York. Lisa Barber (daughter) has assumed the role of Breed Warden and Registrar of the ISSR since the death of her mother. In 1997, during a period when the SSDCA was inactive, The International Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club (ISSDC) was opened. In 1998, the ISSDC opened their own registry, calling it the ISSDCr. The Shiloh Shepherd Breed Association (SSBA) was opened shortly after and assumed registry functions for the ISSDCr.","title":"Shiloh Shepherd dog"},{"docid":"1978975","text":"The National Shiloh Breed Registry (NSBR) was established in 2001 and The Shiloh Shepherd Registry (TSSR) in 2002. In 2004, the ISSDC was reorganized as a parent club for the NSBR, the SSBA, and the TSSR. In June 2009, the SSBA was closed. There are significant differences of opinion between the founding club and registry and subsequently established clubs and registries as to how best serve the breed. Shiloh Shepherd dog The Shiloh Shepherd is a new dog breed that is still under development. They are not recognized by any major kennel club, but may be shown in some rare","title":"Shiloh Shepherd dog"},{"docid":"1055108","text":"Shiloh, Illinois Shiloh is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. The 2010 census recorded a population of 12,651. A site known as \"Three Springs\" for its geological characteristics hosted an 11-day revival camp meeting in April 1807, which was the first in St. Clair County and possibly the second in Illinois Country, which was then part of Indiana Territory. It was organized by the Rev. William McKendree, Presiding Elder of the Western Conference and 4th Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This assembly inspired construction of the log Shiloh Meeting House on the site shortly afterward, being","title":"Shiloh, Illinois"},{"docid":"12915873","text":"Shiloh Christian School Shiloh Christian School is a private Christian school in Springdale, Arkansas, United States. Shiloh Christian School was founded in 1976 as a ministry of the First Baptist Church of Springdale, by Dennis Cottrell and Tom Ellis, under the leadership of Pastor Cliff Palmer. The school opened with 180 students from kindergarten through sixth grade. A new grade was added each year. The school graduated its first high school class in 1983, with twelve students. In 1979, the First Baptist Church of Springdale moved from its downtown location to its present site on Johnson Road. Shiloh Christian School","title":"Shiloh Christian School"},{"docid":"9813383","text":"on his property, threatens him and holds his gun and goes to find him but he is too drunk. Later, Judd crashes his truck into the creek while driving drunk. Shiloh's loud barking gets Marty's attention, and he finds Judd. Judd is taken to the hospital and returns home sometime later. Marty wants to be nice with Judd and makes donations of bread and meat. Marty then starts writing Judd letters, telling him stories about Shiloh. Judd reads them and starts to bond with Marty. In the end, Marty decides he wants to take Shiloh with him to visit Judd.","title":"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season"},{"docid":"5059505","text":"a child, she hoped that the novels would enable children to see Judd as a person like Marty who must make difficult moral choices. The first three books in the quartet each were made into a movie: \"Shiloh\" in 1996, \"\" in 1999, and \"Saving Shiloh\" in 2006. In 1996 Warner Bros. Pictures released \"Shiloh\", which was directed by Dale Rosenbloom. The first of Naylor's more than 100 juvenile and adult works to be adapted into a movie, it starred Blake Heron as Marty and Scott Wilson as Judd Travers. Budgeted at less than $2 million, \"Shiloh\" was filmed in","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"5059477","text":"style\". Writing that the main story in \"Shiloh\" is Marty's struggle in his mind with morality, Langston noted that it is \"presented simply, in a way any third- or fourth-grade reader can understand\". Scholar Kathie Cerra praised the novel for its \"vivid sensory detail\", which enables readers to experience Marty's \"inner life of thought and feeling\". In Marty's \"teem[ing] with life\" first-person narrative, he shows how he feels when he tells lies to his parents and when he embraces the wriggling Shiloh. Academic Leona W. Fisher wrote in \"Children's Literature Association Quarterly\" that the novel employs a seldom used yet","title":"Shiloh (Naylor novel)"},{"docid":"1283258","text":"the 3rd Mississippi Battalion, and a spirited fight lasted about an hour. Arriving messengers and sounds of gunfire from the skirmish alerted the nearest Union troops, who formed battle line positions before the Confederates were able to reach them; however, the Union army command had not adequately prepared for an attack on their camps. When Prentiss learned that Peabody had sent out a patrol without his authorization he was outraged and accused the Colonel of provoking a major engagement in violation of Grant's orders, but he soon realized he was facing an assault by an entire Confederate army and rushed","title":"Battle of Shiloh"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283311\",\n \"text\": \"'What I Saw of Shiloh' is Bierce's best work. The song \\\"Shiloh's Hill\\\" was written shortly after the battle and soon became a popular civil war tune. The Battle of Shiloh was depicted in the 1962 film \\\"How the West Was Won\\\", directed by John Ford. Shel Silverstein wrote \\\"In the Hills of Shiloh\\\", a poignant song about widowed bride forever awaiting the return of a man killed in the battle of Shiloh. The song was recorded by The New Christy Minstrels, Judy Collins, and others. Bobbie Ann Mason's short story \\\"Shiloh\\\", which appeared in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" on October\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283313\",\n \"text\": \"in 1979 by Simulation Publications Inc. (SPI). In May 2016, \\\"Bloody April\\\", a computer game based on the SPI title was released by HexWar Games, Ltd. (Scotland), for iPhone/iPad/Mac platforms. This single-player game (with a computer opponent) presents several scenarios covering the two-day battle. The battle is also depicted on in \\\"\\\" (released November 2016 by Game Labs), a computer game that presents various battles of the civil war in a realistic and tactical manner. Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh (also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283309\",\n \"text\": \"National Park Service and incorporated into the Shiloh National Military Park. The land preserved by the Trust at Shiloh included tracts over which Confederate divisions passed as they fought Grant's men on the battle's first day and their retreat during the Union counteroffensive on day two. A 2012 campaign focused in particular on a section of land which was part of the Confederate right flank on day one and on several tracts which were part of the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Shiloh National Military Park is managed by the National Park Service. The United States Postal Service released a commemorative\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283268\",\n \"text\": \"support of Sherman's 5th Division, which was encamped around Shiloh Church when the battle began. The written orders, transcribed from verbal orders that Grant gave to an aide, were lost during the battle and controversy remains over their wording. Wallace maintained that he was not ordered to Pittsburg Landing, which was to the left rear of the army, or told which road to use. Grant later claimed that he ordered Wallace to Pittsburg Landing by way of the River Road (also called the Hamburg–Savannah Road). Around noon, Wallace began the journey along the Shunpike, a route familiar to his men.\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283307\",\n \"text\": \"through a long string of commanders, much like the Union in the east, as Davis searched for a leader who was the caliber of Robert E. Lee. In addition to those already mentioned, several other famous people participated in the Battle of Shiloh Shiloh's importance as a Civil War battle, coupled with the lack of widespread agricultural or industrial development in the battle area after the war, led to its development as one of the first five battlefields restored by the federal government in the 1890s. Government involvement eventually proved insufficient to preserve the land on which the battle took\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283254\",\n \"text\": \"to consider retreat. Johnston made the decision to attack, stating \\\"I would fight them if they were a million.\\\" Despite Beauregard's well-founded concern, most of the Union forces did not hear the marching army approach and were unaware of the enemy camps less than away. Before 6 a.m. on Sunday, April 6, Johnston's army was deployed for battle, straddling the Corinth Road. The army had spent the entire night making a camp in order of battle within of the Union camp near Sherman's headquarters at Shiloh Church. Despite several contacts, a few minor skirmishes with Union forces, and the failure\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283291\",\n \"text\": \"and seized the heights overlooking Locust Grove Branch by late afternoon. Beauregard's final counterattack was flanked and repulsed when Grant moved Col. James C. Veatch's brigade forward. Realizing that he had lost the initiative, was low on ammunition and food, and had more than 10,000 of his men killed, wounded, or missing, Beauregard could go no further. He withdrew beyond Shiloh Church, leaving 5,000 men under Breckinridge as a covering force, and massed Confederate batteries at the church and on the ridge south of Shiloh Branch. Confederate forces kept the Union men in position on the Corinth Road until 5\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283269\",\n \"text\": \"A member of Grant's staff, William R. Rowley, found Wallace between 2 and 2:30 p.m. on the Shunpike, after Grant wondered where Wallace was and why he had not arrived on the battlefield, while the main Union force was being slowly pressed backward. Rowley told Wallace that the Union army had retreated, Sherman was no longer fighting at Shiloh Church, and the battle line had moved northeast toward Pittsburg Landing. If Wallace continued in the same direction, he would have found himself in the rear of the advancing Confederate troops. Wallace had to make a choice: he could launch an\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283292\",\n \"text\": \"p.m., then began an orderly withdrawal southwest to Corinth. The exhausted Union soldiers did not pursue much farther than the original Sherman and Prentiss encampments. Lew Wallace's division crossed Shiloh Branch and advanced nearly , but received no support from other units and was recalled. They returned to Sherman's camps at dark. The battle was over. For long afterwards, Grant and Buell quarreled over Grant's decision not to mount an immediate pursuit with another hour of daylight remaining. Grant cited the exhaustion of his troops, although the Confederates were certainly just as exhausted. Part of Grant's reluctance to act could\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283303\",\n \"text\": \"led the successful Defense of Cincinnati during Bragg's invasion of Kentucky. In 1864, at the Battle of Monocacy, Wallace commanded a 5,800 man force to oppose Jubal Early's 14,000-an invasion of Maryland. Faced against an army more than twice his size, Wallace was eventually forced to retreat to Baltimore, but his men delayed Early's advance for a full day, enabling Union re-enforcement to be brought up to protect Washington D.C. Despite this success and later fame for writing the book \\\"\\\", criticism of Wallace's conduct at Shiloh would haunt him for the rest of his life and he would spend\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283299\",\n \"text\": \"able to retain under the strenuous circumstances, and his ability to perceive the larger tactical picture that ultimately resulted in victory on the second day. For the rest of his life, Grant would insist he always had the battle well under control and rejected claims from critics that only the death of Johnston and arrival of Buell's Army prevented his defeat. In his 1885 memoirs, he wrote: Grant's career suffered temporarily in the aftermath of Shiloh; Halleck combined and reorganized his armies, relegating Grant to the powerless position of second-in-command. Beauregard remained in command of the Army of Mississippi and\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283304\",\n \"text\": \"much of it trying to defend his actions there. The two-day battle of Shiloh, the costliest in American history up to that time, resulted in the defeat of the Confederate army and frustration of Johnston's plans to prevent the two Union armies in Tennessee from joining together. Union casualties were 13,047 (1,754 killed, 8,408 wounded, and 2,885 missing); Grant's army bore the brunt of the fighting over the two days, with casualties of 1,513 killed, 6,601 wounded, and 2,830 missing or captured. Confederate casualties were 10,699 (1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing or captured). The dead included the Confederate\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9813382\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season Shiloh Season is a 1999 film directed by Sandy Tung and starring Zachary Browne. It serves as a film sequel to the 1997 film \\\"Shiloh\\\", which was adapted from the book by the same name by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. Judd is upset that Shiloh (his former hunting dog) now belongs to Marty. In the first film, Marty did hard labor to get Shiloh from Judd. Judd starts drinking heavily and almost runs Marty and Shiloh off the road with his truck. Marty encounters Judd several times, including one key moment when Judd thinks he heard Marty\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12088143\",\n \"text\": \"either gender in the United States. In the United States, the name has associations with the Southern United States due to the Battle of Shiloh, a major battle of the United States Civil War, and to many towns named Shiloh in southern states, which were usually named after the town in the Bible. People named Shiloh include: Shiloh (given name) Shiloh is a Biblical place, mentioned in Genesis 49:10, meaning \\\"peace\\\". Christians claim it is a reference to Jesus, but Muslims claim it is a reference to Islam. The name was the 803rd most popular name for girls born in\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283245\",\n \"text\": \"Grant developed a reputation during the war for being more concerned with his own plans than with those of the enemy. His encampment at Pittsburg Landing displayed his most consequential lack of such concern—his army was spread out in bivouac style, with many of his men surrounding a small, log meetinghouse named Shiloh Church (Shiloh was a biblical city that served as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel), passing the time waiting for Buell's army with drills for his many raw troops without establishing entrenchments or other significant defensive measures. In his memoirs, Grant reacted to criticism of his\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283285\",\n \"text\": \"dusk. Braxton Bragg and Albert Sidney Johnston's son, Col. William Preston Johnston, were among those who bemoaned the so-called \\\"lost opportunity at Shiloh.\\\" Beauregard did not come to the front to inspect the strength of the Union lines; he remained at Shiloh Church. He also discounted intelligence reports from Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest (and bluster from prisoner of war General Prentiss) that Buell's men were crossing the river to reinforce Grant. In defense of his decision, Beauregard's troops were simply exhausted, there was less than an hour of daylight left, and Grant's artillery advantage was formidable. In addition, he had\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9813384\",\n \"text\": \"Marty and Judd start to become friends after Judd tells him that it was Shiloh who really saved him, Judd starts to gets close with his dogs and he lets them come inside when it starts to rain at the end. The film currently holds a rating of 70% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 20 reviews with an average score of 6.6/20. Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season Shiloh Season is a 1999 film directed by Sandy Tung and starring Zachary Browne. It serves as a film sequel to the 1997 film \\\"Shiloh\\\", which was adapted from the book by the same\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3548563\",\n \"text\": \"was a decisive strategic defeat for the Confederate forces that had massed to oppose Grant's and Buell's invasion through Tennessee. After the Battle of Shiloh, the Union forces proceeded to capture Corinth and the critical railroad junction there. The battlefield is named after Shiloh Methodist Church, a small log church near Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. Pittsburg Landing is the point on the Tennessee River where the Union forces landed for the battle; they referred to the battle as \\\"The Battle of Pittsburg Landing\\\". The Shiloh National Military Park was established on December 27, 1894. In 1904, Basil Wilson Duke was appointed\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh National Military Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3548567\",\n \"text\": \"well preserved prehistoric Shiloh Indian Mounds Site, which is also a National Historic Landmark. The site was inhabited during the Early Mississippian period from about 1000 to 1450 CE. Shiloh National Military Park Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with an additional area located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh. The Battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh National Military Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9081935\",\n \"text\": \"in a shed behind his house. His secret is soon revealed when his mother, Louise Preston, comes up the hill and sees Marty and Shiloh bonding. When a German Shepherd belonging to the Bakers family attacks Shiloh, Marty turns to Ray for help. Marty takes Shiloh to a vet and Shiloh recovers quickly. Soon, Ray says that it is time to take Shiloh back to Judd. Marty urges his father to keep Shiloh, pleading about how Judd abuses the dog. Ray initially agrees to keep Shiloh until he recovers, and tries not to become attached to Shiloh. That night, when\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1704010\",\n \"text\": \"USS Shiloh (CG-67) USS \\\"Shiloh\\\" (CG-67) is a \\\"Ticonderoga\\\"-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy, named in remembrance of the Battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War. She was built at the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. With her guided missiles and rapid-fire cannons, she is capable of facing and defeating threats in the air, on the sea, or the ashore, and underneath the sea. She also carries two Seahawk LAMPS multi-purpose helicopters, mainly for anti-submarine warfare, (ASW). On 3 September 1996, while in the \\\"Carl Vinson\\\" carrier battle group, \\\"Shiloh\\\" launched six Tomahawk cruise missiles\",\n \"title\": \"USS Shiloh (CG-67)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3548561\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh National Military Park Shiloh National Military Park preserves the American Civil War Shiloh and Corinth battlefields. The main section of the park is in the unincorporated town of Shiloh, about nine miles (14 km) south of Savannah, Tennessee, with an additional area located in the city of Corinth, Mississippi, 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Shiloh. The Battle of Shiloh began a six-month struggle for the key railroad junction at Corinth. Afterward, Union forces marched from Pittsburg Landing to take Corinth in a May siege, then withstood an October Confederate counter-attack. The visitor center provides exhibitions, films and a\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh National Military Park\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17858210\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh College Shiloh College is a historic school building located at 13043 Walnut Street in Shiloh Hill, Illinois. Preparations for Shiloh College's founding began in 1836. In 1839, area residents purchased 80 acres for the school and the Illinois legislature officially incorporated the college. Shiloh College's students included John A. Logan, the future Civil War general, Congressman, candidate for Vice President, and founder of Memorial Day. By 1896, the college was financially strapped, ceased operations, and leased the building to the Shiloh Hill school district. The building served as a public school until 1954, when the school was consolidated into\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037749\",\n \"text\": \"David's elevation of Jerusalem. The tabernacle had been built under Moses' direction from God (Exodus 26) to house the Ark of the Covenant, also built under Moses' direction from God (Exodus 25). According to Talmudic sources, the tent sanctuary remained at Shiloh for 369 years until the Ark of the Covenant was taken into the battle camp at Eben-Ezer (1 Samuel 4:3–5) and captured by the Philistines at Aphek (probably Antipatris). At some point during its long stay at Shiloh, the portable tent seems to have been enclosed within a compound — a Greek \\\"temenos\\\". It was at Shiloh that\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (biblical city)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9907412\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh (Foote novel) Shiloh: A Novel is a historical novel about the American Civil War battle of that name, written in 1952 by Shelby Foote. It employs the first-person perspectives of several protagonists, Union and Confederate, to give a moment-by-moment depiction of the battle. Because the novel is divided into chapters, each closely concerned with one of the characters, a summary of the story serves as a character analysis as well. Chapter One takes place the day before the battle; it is narrated by Lieutenant Palmer Metcalfe, a cocky, 19 year old, aristocrat from New Orleans and a staff officer\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Foote novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283290\",\n \"text\": \"counterattacks from Breckinridge. Wallace's and Sherman's men on the Union right made steady progress, driving Bragg and Polk to the south. As Crittenden and McCook resumed their attacks, Breckinridge was forced to retire. By noon Beauregard's line paralleled the Hamburg-Purdy Road. In early afternoon, Beauregard launched a series of counterattacks from the Shiloh Church area, aiming to control the Corinth Road. The Union right was temporarily driven back by these assaults at Water Oaks Pond. Crittenden, reinforced by Tuttle, seized the junction of the Hamburg-Purdy and East Corinth roads, driving the Confederates into Prentiss's old camps. Nelson resumed his attack\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1704011\",\n \"text\": \"in Operation Desert Strike against Iraq. She deployed with the Battle Group again in July 2002, and was among the first cruisers to launch missiles in Operation Iraqi Freedom. In March 2003 \\\"Shiloh\\\" was assigned to Cruiser-Destroyer Group Three. The \\\"Shiloh\\\" returned to her homeport San Diego, California on 25 April 2003, ending an unusually long nine-month deployment. In January 2005, she participated in Operation Unified Assistance, rendering aid to those who suffered from the 26 December 2004 tsunami off the coast of Aceh, Indonesia. The \\\"Shiloh\\\" was one of the first American ships to arrive on scene. On 22\",\n \"title\": \"USS Shiloh (CG-67)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8096278\",\n \"text\": \"the computer's artificial intelligence or against another player via modem. Players may try a variety of 25 individual scenarios, or refight the entire Battle of Shiloh. A Fog of War option enhances playing against the computer, as it hides units that are not in direct view of the enemy. The game features video clips of battle reenactments, as well as Civil War music by folk singer Bobby Horton. \\\"Shiloh\\\" won \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\"s 1996 \\\"Wargame of the Year\\\" award. The editors wrote, \\\"Sure, there's micromanaging. And yes, there's complexity, too. But the learning curve is justified, because this is simply\",\n \"title\": \"Battleground 4: Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037753\",\n \"text\": \"same battle and that the later Davidic editors redacted the texts to make it appear as if Saul had ruled without either Tent Shrine or Ark, and thus without sacral legitimacy. This claim is disputed. What is certain is that during the prophetic ministry of Jeremiah (7:12-15; 26:5-9) over three hundred years later, Shiloh had been reduced to ruins. Jeremiah used the example of Shiloh to warn the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem what Yahweh Elohim will do to the \\\"place where I caused my name to dwell,\\\" warning them that their holy city, Jerusalem, like Shiloh, could fall under\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (biblical city)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1704015\",\n \"text\": \"to counsel him. Capt. Aycock was relieved of command after completing his full 26-month tour. USS Shiloh (CG-67) USS \\\"Shiloh\\\" (CG-67) is a \\\"Ticonderoga\\\"-class guided missile cruiser of the United States Navy, named in remembrance of the Battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War. She was built at the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. With her guided missiles and rapid-fire cannons, she is capable of facing and defeating threats in the air, on the sea, or the ashore, and underneath the sea. She also carries two Seahawk LAMPS multi-purpose helicopters, mainly for anti-submarine warfare, (ASW). On 3 September\",\n \"title\": \"USS Shiloh (CG-67)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16292943\",\n \"text\": \"Journey to Shiloh Journey to Shiloh is a 1968 Technicolor Western film starring James Caan, Michael Sarrazin, Harrison Ford, Brenda Scott, Albert Popwell, Jan-Michael Vincent, Robert Pine and Noah Beery, and directed by William Hale. As well as early starring performances from Caan and Sarrazin, it also features small parts for up-and-coming actors Harrison Ford and Jan-Michael Vincent. Seven young Texans in the Confederate army during the American Civil War, The Concho County Comanches, journey to Shiloh, Tennessee where a major battle is about to take place. Along the way they encounter many perilous adventures. \\\"TV Guide\\\" gave it a\",\n \"title\": \"Journey to Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6905099\",\n \"text\": \"to discover that another town of Shiloh already existed in the state of Arkansas. Due to United States Postal Service regulations, the town was forced to change its name to receive a post office. The town then assumed its current name, after the numerous springs that are prevalent in the area. When the museum was established, it was named in honor of the original name of the city, the Shiloh Museum. In 1993, the board of trustees expanded the name to include Ozark history to better represent the museum's mission. Over the years the Shiloh Museum of Ozark History has\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283308\",\n \"text\": \"place. (The federal government had saved just over 2,000 acres at Shiloh by 1897, and consolidated those gains by adding another 1,700 acres by 1954.) Preservation eventually slowed. Since 1954, only 300 additional acres of the saved land had been preserved. Private preservation organizations stepped in to fill the void. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) became the primary agent of these efforts, joining federal, state and local partners to acquire and preserve of the battlefield in more than 25 different acquisitions since 1996. Much of the acreage has been sold or conveyed to the\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283264\",\n \"text\": \"men fought stubbornly, but the Union troops slowly lost ground and fell back to a position behind Shiloh Church. McClernand's division temporarily stabilized the position. Overall, however, Johnston's forces made steady progress until noon, rolling up Union positions one by one. As the Confederates advanced, many threw away their flintlock muskets and grabbed rifles dropped by the fleeing Union troops. By 11:00 am, the Confederate advance began to slow down, due to stiff Union resistance, but also due to disciplinary problems as the army overran the Federal camps. The sight of fresh food still burning on camp fires proved too\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059498\",\n \"text\": \"that when she read the book to her children, she chose not to read with the dialect. In 1992, \\\"Shiloh\\\" received the John Newbery Medal. The annual award, bestowed by the children's librarians division of the American Library Association, is given for \\\"the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children\\\". \\\"Shiloh\\\" was a dark horse for the award. Ohio State University Professor Rudine Sims Bishop, a member of the 1992 Newbery committee, said in an interview that \\\"Shiloh\\\" was a \\\"sleeper\\\" that surfaced as a serious contender deep in their debate. After the January 27, 1992 announcement of \\\"Shiloh\\\"s\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037756\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh as a result of the verse (Genesis 49:10)—\\\"The scepter shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes, and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.\\\" Shiloh is believed to refer to Jesus by some Christians. Alternative translations have led others, including some Christians, to different conclusions. In 638 the Muslims conquered the area of Palestine. Muslim pilgrims to Shiloh mention a mosque called es-Sekineh where the memory of Jacob's and Joseph's deeds was revered. The earliest source is el-Harawi, who visited the country in 1173 when it was occupied by\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (biblical city)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1148989\",\n \"text\": \"of a referendum held on May 16, 1929. The borough was named for the Civil War Battle of Shiloh. It is a dry town, where alcohol cannot be sold, though alcohol is available at the winery in the borough. The settlement of Shiloh was founded in 1705 by Robert Ayars. He brought over 2,000 people from Rhode Island to be free of religious persecution. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.209 square miles (3.129 km), including 1.208 square miles (3.128 km) of land and 0.001 square miles (0.002 km) of water (0.05%).\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, New Jersey\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17858211\",\n \"text\": \"Trico School District. The only surviving building from Shiloh College is a Greek Revival building constructed in 1881. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2005. It is one of two one-room schoolhouses remaining in the Shiloh Hill area. In 1998, the Randolph County Historical Society took ownership of the College building. In 2004, the Shiloh College Foundation was founded to support restoration of the college building. Shiloh College Shiloh College is a historic school building located at 13043 Walnut Street in Shiloh Hill, Illinois. Preparations for Shiloh College's founding began in 1836.\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9907423\",\n \"text\": \"narrative also resembles Stephen Crane's \\\"The Red Badge of Courage\\\"; a similarity reinforced by the fact that Foote wrote an introduction to an edition of Crane's work some forty years later. The story illustrates two of Foote's most strongly held convictions: that Nathan Bedford Forrest was the greatest combat commander in the American Civil War, and that Confederate society held the seeds of its own doom. Shiloh (Foote novel) Shiloh: A Novel is a historical novel about the American Civil War battle of that name, written in 1952 by Shelby Foote. It employs the first-person perspectives of several protagonists, Union\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Foote novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16869181\",\n \"text\": \"death, hostility, and sibling rivalry. \\\"A Shiloh Christmas\\\" was published in 2015. \\\"Shiloh\\\" is a Family/Drama film produced and directed by Dale Rosenbloom in 1996. It was shown at the Heartland Film Festival in 1996, but its general release came on April 27, 1997. \\\"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season\\\" is a 1999 family/drama film about a boy trying to defend his dog from a man who is constantly under the influence. \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\" is a family movie produced in 2006. The film is rated PG for some thematic elements and peril. Shiloh (franchise) Shiloh is a media franchise that includes four\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9081934\",\n \"text\": \"to remodel an abandoned shack at the top of a hidden hill for the dog to stay in for the next few weeks. Marty bonds with the dog, and names him Shiloh. Marty's strict father, Ray Preston, will not let Marty keep Shiloh because he belongs to Judd Travers. Judd is a mean old man that hunts with his dogs. Shiloh was the most mistreated in the pack. Marty hesitantly returns Shiloh to Judd, but, after Shiloh is mistreated again, the dog returns to Marty. Knowing Ray will make him take Shiloh back to Judd, Marty decides to hide Shiloh\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10452662\",\n \"text\": \"be used as a commercial spaceport. Shiloh was the part of Merritt Island between the Old Haulover Canal to the south, and Volusia County to the north. It is still used in the atlas of Brevard County. Shiloh is located at . Shiloh, Florida Shiloh was a village in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is the northernmost place in Brevard County. Scottsmoor also shares the title, across the Indian River. Shiloh is currently uninhabited. It was an active community during the turn of the 19th to the 20th Century. During the beginning of the Space Age, the village was\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17748979\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh Orphanage Shiloh Orphanage, now the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center, was an orphanage for black children in Augusta, Georgia, United States. The site includes the Strong Academy building, a girls' dormitory, and a boys' dormitory. The orphanage closed in 1970 and reopened in 1977 as the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1996. It is located at 1635 15th Street. The orphanage was established in 1902 by the Shiloh Baptist Association. Land for the orphanage was purchased in 1904 near the historically black community of Bethlehem. Strong Academy,\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Orphanage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1055114\",\n \"text\": \"who were born to live, lived to help, and helped to live. The Shiloh School District 85 consists of two schools. Most children attend Shiloh Elementary and Shiloh Middle School, both public schools. Shiloh students attend O'Fallon Township High School, District 203. Students west of Greenmount Road attend Whiteside Elementary School and attend Belleville Township High School East. Shiloh is home to Memorial Hospital East, part of BJC HealthCare. A satellite facility of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center is expected to move into a new building on the campus in early 2020. Shiloh, Illinois Shiloh is a village in\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Illinois\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12088142\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh (given name) Shiloh is a Biblical place, mentioned in Genesis 49:10, meaning \\\"peace\\\". Christians claim it is a reference to Jesus, but Muslims claim it is a reference to Islam. The name was the 803rd most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2007, 650th in 2008, 604th by 2009, and 620th by 2010. The name was popularized when American actors Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt named their daughter Shiloh Nouvel (born 2006). The name had previously been used occasionally for both boys and girls, though it was never previously among the top 1,000 names for\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (given name)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9081937\",\n \"text\": \"though, sometimes overtime without being paid a penny more. Marty told Judd that he wanted Shiloh and that he worked very hard for nothing. Marty keeps Shiloh for the next few days, until Judd comes again to take the dog. Marty fights with Judd again about keeping Shiloh with the help of Ray. Judd then tries to kidnap Shiloh. Ray comes to the rescue and knocks Judd down, and they both fight. Judd escapes Ray, grabs Shiloh, and drives away in his truck. Marty can already tell how much Judd is going to abuse Shiloh. Watching Marty and Shiloh in\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18138136\",\n \"text\": \"Johnny Shiloh (film) Johnny Shiloh is a 1963 television film that originally aired as two episodes of The Wonderful World of Disney based on the life of John Clem, who was called \\\"Johnny Shiloh\\\". When the Blue Raiders are called into Union service at the start of the American Civil War, their mascot drummer boy, John Clem defies his father’s wishes and smuggles himself on the train carrying the troops to camp. In spite of efforts by the troops to force him to give up and go home, Johnny refuses and tries to tough it out. He gets photographed by\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18138138\",\n \"text\": \"B. Steedman, but on the way back to Thomas’s headquarters, Gabe is wounded and Johnny is captured. Even though questioned by General Joseph Wheeler he refuses to talk. He makes a daring escape and returns to the union lines. Johnny Shiloh (film) Johnny Shiloh is a 1963 television film that originally aired as two episodes of The Wonderful World of Disney based on the life of John Clem, who was called \\\"Johnny Shiloh\\\". When the Blue Raiders are called into Union service at the start of the American Civil War, their mascot drummer boy, John Clem defies his father’s wishes\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9081938\",\n \"text\": \"the mirror, Judd seems to consider everything and releases Shiloh from his truck and the dog runs into Marty's arms. Sheena Easton sings the theme \\\"Are There Angels\\\" for the \\\"Shiloh\\\" soundtrack during the credits, which show Marty happily walking with Shiloh at his side. The film has been rated PG. Shiloh (film) Shiloh is a 1997 American family drama film produced and directed by Dale Rosenbloom. It was shown at the Heartland Film Festival in 1996, but its general release came on April 25, 1997. The original book by the same name was written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. There\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"596877\",\n \"text\": \"the Civil War Centennial, the United States Post Office issued five postage stamps commemorating the 100th anniversaries of famous battles, as they occurred over a four-year period, beginning with the Battle of Fort Sumter Centennial issue of 1961. The Battle of Shiloh commemorative stamp was issued in 1962, the Battle of Gettysburg in 1963, the Battle of the Wilderness in 1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. Battle of the Wilderness The Battle of the Wilderness, fought May 5–7, 1864, was the first battle of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Virginia Overland Campaign against Gen. Robert E.\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of the Wilderness\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12017679\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh Temple The Shiloh Temple, now Shiloh Chapel, is a historic religious facility at 38 Beulah Lane in Durham, Maine. Built in 1897, the surviving building is a small portion of a once-extensive religious enclave established by the evangelical Christian cult leader Frank Sandford, exhibiting a unique expression of religious and summer retreat architecture. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The Shiloh Temple stands on a property overlooking the southern bank of the Androscoggin River, a few miles south of Lisbon Falls, off the north side of Shiloh Road. The surviving portion of\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Temple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12017682\",\n \"text\": \"ended by legal action in 1920 following the death of a Shiloh resident, and most of its buildings were demolished in the 1950s. Low level occupation continued, and the present Shiloh Chapel is a successor to Sandford's legacy. A minister of the Holy Ghost and Us Society, George W. Higgins, was a victim of New England's last tarring and feathering incident in 1899. Shiloh Temple The Shiloh Temple, now Shiloh Chapel, is a historic religious facility at 38 Beulah Lane in Durham, Maine. Built in 1897, the surviving building is a small portion of a once-extensive religious enclave established by\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Temple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16869179\",\n \"text\": \"that morality is confounding and must choose between two unpalatable choices: rescuing the abused Shiloh through stealing and lying and allowing Judd to keep abusing Shiloh. Reviewers generally gave positive reviews of the book and were impressed by the novel's suspense and vernacular language. In addition to the Newbery Medal, \\\"Shiloh\\\" has received several state awards voted upon by children, including the Sequoyah Children's Book Award, the Mark Twain Readers Award, and the William Allen White Children's Book Award. \\\"Shiloh Season\\\" was published in 1996. In \\\"Shiloh Season\\\", Naylor renews the strife by restoring Judd's hostility and aggravating it with\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10179205\",\n \"text\": \"Marty explains to Judd that Shiloh is going to go over the waterfall unless he saves him. Judd saves Shiloh and begins a friendship with Marty and Shiloh. Judd joins the local fire and rescue department after his acts of bravery. The film ends with Marty saying, \\\"If you open your heart, anything is possible.\\\" Saving Shiloh Saving Shiloh is a family movie produced in 2006, based on the book of the same name written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. It is the third and final film in the trilogy, whose other members are \\\"Shiloh\\\" and \\\"\\\". The film is rated\",\n \"title\": \"Saving Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059501\",\n \"text\": \"every week until the end of November. It also created a book guide about \\\"Shiloh\\\" and printed 1,000 copies for parents and teachers. A chat room was created for children to direct questions and comments about \\\"Shiloh\\\". In 1999, \\\"Shiloh\\\" was selected as a recommended novel for children ages nine to twelve in the Read Across America initiative. In 2000, the \\\"Shiloh\\\" trilogy placed at number seven on the National Education Association's Children's Top 100 book list. Naylor was delighted that children had given her work such a high ranking. \\\"Shiloh\\\" is taught in many American elementary school courses. \\\"Shiloh\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18138137\",\n \"text\": \"Mathew Brady. His father comes to get him, but Johnny runs away and returns to the regiment. He finally wears down Capt. McPherson, who agrees to let him join the regiment officially. At the Battle of Shiloh, Johnny and General George Henry Thomas rally the retreating Federal forces, but his friend Jeremiah Sullivan is killed. At the Battle of Chickamauga, Johnny wounds a Confederate Colonel who was attacking his friend Gabe Trotter. After the battle, General Ulysses S. Grant promotes Gabe to a lieutenant and Johnny is promoted to sergeant. Johnny and Gabe deliver an important message to General James\",\n \"title\": \"Johnny Shiloh (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6905101\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh Scrapbook Arkansas Museum Association 2006 Adult & Family Educational Program of the Year, Shiloh Podcasts Northwest Arkansas Citiscapes Metro Monthly 2007 Best Museum Arkansas Museum Association 2007 Publication of the Year, Color the Ozarks Northwest Arkansas Citiscapes Metro Monthly 2008 Best Museum Arkansas Museum Association 2008 Adult/Family Educational Program of the Year, Shiloh Museum in iTunes U Arkansas Museum Association 2008 Museum of the Year, Budget more than $500,000 Shiloh Museum of Ozark History The Shiloh Museum of Ozark History, located in Springdale, Arkansas, is a regional history museum covering the Arkansas Ozarks. Programs, exhibits, and events relating to\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10215326\",\n \"text\": \"societies. Shiloh High School Shiloh High School is a public high school located in Snellville, Georgia, United States, in southern Gwinnett County. The school is part of the Gwinnett County Public Schools system and opened in 1984. It serves students in the Shiloh Cluster, which feeds from the Anderson Livsey, Annistown, Centerville, Partee, and Shiloh Elementary Schools and Shiloh Middle School. The school mascot is the General, and the school colors are black, silver, and white. Shiloh, like Peachtree Ridge, was on block scheduling, and until the 2015-2016 school year, was on a regular six-period day starting 2008-2009, but is\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10215321\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh High School Shiloh High School is a public high school located in Snellville, Georgia, United States, in southern Gwinnett County. The school is part of the Gwinnett County Public Schools system and opened in 1984. It serves students in the Shiloh Cluster, which feeds from the Anderson Livsey, Annistown, Centerville, Partee, and Shiloh Elementary Schools and Shiloh Middle School. The school mascot is the General, and the school colors are black, silver, and white. Shiloh, like Peachtree Ridge, was on block scheduling, and until the 2015-2016 school year, was on a regular six-period day starting 2008-2009, but is now\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10452658\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh, Florida Shiloh was a village in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It is the northernmost place in Brevard County. Scottsmoor also shares the title, across the Indian River. Shiloh is currently uninhabited. It was an active community during the turn of the 19th to the 20th Century. During the beginning of the Space Age, the village was later annexed to NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Merritt Island, Florida, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, and the Canaveral National Seashore. Shiloh is a \\\"dark sky\\\" site used by the Kennedy Space Center Amateur Astronomers and the Brevard Astronomical Society\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059502\",\n \"text\": \"has three sequels, \\\"Shiloh Season\\\", \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\", and \\\"A Shiloh Christmas\\\" published in 1996, 1997, and 2015 respectively. In \\\"Shiloh Season\\\", Naylor renews the strife by restoring Judd's hostility and aggravating it with a bout of drinking issues. Marty fears Judd will take back Shiloh and be faithless to the deal they made. Whereas in \\\"Shiloh\\\" Marty confronts the confusing and ambiguous concept of morality, in \\\"Shiloh Season\\\" he must face the notion of wickedness. In the third book, \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\", Marty's parents persuade Marty that people who have wronged are worthy of forgiveness. In the midst of several robberies\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17748980\",\n \"text\": \"a one-room school for young children, was built in 1910; the girls' dormitory was designed by Scroggs and Ewing and completed in 1927; and the Edward Lynn Drummond-designed boys' dormitory was constructed in 1936. The grounds included a vegetable garden and a grazing area for cattle. Shiloh Orphanage Shiloh Orphanage, now the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center, was an orphanage for black children in Augusta, Georgia, United States. The site includes the Strong Academy building, a girls' dormitory, and a boys' dormitory. The orphanage closed in 1970 and reopened in 1977 as the Shiloh Comprehensive Community Center. The site was listed\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Orphanage\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1638184\",\n \"text\": \"title track, which opened the album, was based on an introduction Banton had used in live shows. According to producer Donovan Germain, \\\"'Til Shiloh mean forever.\\\" In 2002 the album an expanded and remastered edition was released on Island/IDJMG/Universal Records, featuring the tracks \\\"Sensemilia Persecution\\\" and \\\"Rampage.\\\" The album was listed in the 1999 book \\\"The Rough Guide: Reggae: 100 Essential CDs\\\". 'Til Shiloh ’Til Shiloh is the fourth album by Jamaican dancehall artist Buju Banton, released in 1995 on Loose Cannon Records, a short-lived subsidiary of Island Records (see 1995 in music). His international breakthrough, \\\"’Til Shiloh\\\" marked a\",\n \"title\": \"'Til Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059494\",\n \"text\": \"country of West Virginia\\\". Author Timothy Morris deemed \\\"Shiloh\\\" to be the \\\"most celebrated dog novel of the nineties\\\". Michele Landsberg of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called \\\"Shiloh\\\" a \\\"compelling read\\\" and rated the novel an A. Equating \\\"Shiloh\\\" to classics like \\\"Charlotte's Web\\\", author Laura Elliott praised the novel's \\\"voice, suspense, and layer of themes\\\". After \\\"Shiloh\\\" received the Newbery Award, Jane Langton wrote in \\\"The New York Times Book Review\\\": \\\"Did \\\"Shiloh\\\" really deserve the prize? Surely there must have been a book more important than this agreeable but slight story.\\\" Langton opined that \\\"Shiloh\\\" was \\\"a good book, not\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059466\",\n \"text\": \"rescuing the abused Shiloh through stealing and lying and allowing Judd to keep abusing Shiloh. Reviewers generally gave positive reviews of the book and were impressed by the novel's suspense and vernacular language. In addition to the Newbery Medal, \\\"Shiloh\\\" has received several state awards voted upon by children, including the Sequoyah Children's Book Award, the Mark Twain Readers Award, and the William Allen White Children's Book Award. In 1996, the book was adapted into a movie of the same name. The novel spawned three sequels, \\\"Shiloh Season\\\", \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\", and \\\"A Shiloh Christmas\\\" published in 1996, 1997, and 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15623664\",\n \"text\": \"artistry full-time. Michaela Shiloh Michaela \\\"Mickey\\\" Shiloh (born January 25, 1992) is an American songwriter and recording artist. Shiloh was signed as an artist and songwriter to Rodney \\\"Darkchild\\\" Jerkins from 2009 until 2011 and has written songs for artists such as Janet Jackson, Pitbull, Britney Spears, and Jennifer Lopez. Michaela \\\"Mickey\\\" Shiloh is a multi-platinum songwriter and artist. Born in San Mateo, California to teenage parents, she was constantly surrounded by hip-hop throughout her childhood. Following in the footsteps of her father, an aspiring rapper, Mickey began writing her own raps at the age of 8. By 15, she\",\n \"title\": \"Michaela Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15623661\",\n \"text\": \"Michaela Shiloh Michaela \\\"Mickey\\\" Shiloh (born January 25, 1992) is an American songwriter and recording artist. Shiloh was signed as an artist and songwriter to Rodney \\\"Darkchild\\\" Jerkins from 2009 until 2011 and has written songs for artists such as Janet Jackson, Pitbull, Britney Spears, and Jennifer Lopez. Michaela \\\"Mickey\\\" Shiloh is a multi-platinum songwriter and artist. Born in San Mateo, California to teenage parents, she was constantly surrounded by hip-hop throughout her childhood. Following in the footsteps of her father, an aspiring rapper, Mickey began writing her own raps at the age of 8. By 15, she had taught\",\n \"title\": \"Michaela Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059493\",\n \"text\": \"I can do.\\\" After ultimately ceding Shiloh to Marty, Judd asks: \\\"What you going to do with that dog once he's yours?\\\" Marty's simple reply is: \\\"Love him.\\\" Scholar Claudia Mills noted that: \\\"The resolution of the stand-off comes when Marty, in essence, stands witness, in his mother's religious sense of witness, for an ethic of love, crystallized in his love for Shiloh.\\\" \\\"The News & Observer\\\"s Elizabeth Ward listed \\\"Shiloh\\\" as one of the best children's books in 1991. She called the book a \\\"heartstopping, but tough-as-steel story of a boy and an abused dog in the hardscrabble hill\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059488\",\n \"text\": \"children to strive to be. In her essay \\\"The Structure of the Moral Dilemma in Shiloh\\\" for \\\"Children's Literature\\\", Claudia Mills wrote that \\\"Shiloh\\\" deals with \\\"consequentialism pitted against deontological respect for moral duty\\\". Taught from his youth to be respectful to others and worship God, Marty is confounded by the injustice of Shiloh's being abused. He seeks to justify his unethical actions by thinking that \\\"[a] lie don't seem a lie anymore when it's meant to save a dog.\\\" Consequentionalists base the worthiness of a person's act on its result. Marty's act of saving Shiloh is worse for Shiloh's\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3037746\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh (biblical city) Shiloh (; Hebrew: שִׁלוֹ ,שִׁילֹה ,שִׁלֹה, and שִׁילוֹ variably) was an ancient city in Samaria mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. It has been positively identified with modern Khirbet Seilun, a tell or archaeological mound, called in Modern Hebrew Tel Shiloh. It is located to the west of the modern town of Shilo in the West Bank, south of ancient Lebonah and north of Beth El. Shiloh was the major Israelite worship centre before the first Temple was built in Jerusalem. The meaning of the word \\\"Shiloh\\\" is unclear. Sometimes, it is translated as a Messianic title that\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (biblical city)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16869180\",\n \"text\": \"a bout of drinking issues. Marty fears Judd will take back Shiloh and be faithless to the deal they made. Whereas in \\\"Shiloh\\\" Marty confronts the confusing and ambiguous concept of morality, in \\\"Shiloh Season\\\" he must face the notion of wickedness. \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\" was published in 1997. Marty's parents persuade Marty that people who have wronged are worthy of forgiveness. In the midst of several robberies and a murder, the community hastily faults Judd. Willing to grant Judd a second chance, Marty attempts to help him. Meanwhile, Marty and his family must face the intricacies of life such as\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12915875\",\n \"text\": \"baseball, softball, tennis (boys/girls), and track and field (boys/girls). The Shiloh Christian High School teams have won more than 25 state championships. The following are notable people associated with Shiloh Christian School. If the person was a SCS student, the number in parentheses indicates the year of graduation; if the person was a faculty or staff member, that person's title and years of association are included: Shiloh Christian School Shiloh Christian School is a private Christian school in Springdale, Arkansas, United States. Shiloh Christian School was founded in 1976 as a ministry of the First Baptist Church of Springdale, by\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Christian School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10452661\",\n \"text\": \"launch site at Shiloh. Though largely symbolic in nature, the vote was considered by many to be a critical step toward any future development of the proposed Shiloh location. After difficulties gaining support from environmental groups and others, Space Florida began looking in July 2014 for alternatives to the Shiloh location that would facilitate commercial space launch pads on the Florida Space Coast. These include working with the US Air Force to see about converting some of the very large amount of unused military launch pads at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (south of Shiloh) to state land that might\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1188350\",\n \"text\": \"were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over. Shiloh is located within the Plymouth-Shiloh Local School District. The district administers three public schools in the nearby village of Plymouth including Plymouth-Shiloh Elementary School, Shiloh Middle School, and Plymouth High School. Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio Shiloh is a village in Richland County in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is part of the Mansfield, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 649 at the 2010 census. Shiloh was platted in September 1852 at the junction of the Sandusky and\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Richland County, Ohio\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"991367\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama Shiloh is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. It incorporated in 1962. At the 2010 census the population was 274. Shiloh is located atop Sand Mountain. Shiloh is located west of the center of DeKalb County at at an elevation of . It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Rainsville and to the southwest by the town of Fyffe. Alabama State Route 75 passes through Shiloh, connecting Rainsville and Fyffe. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Shiloh has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000,\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6242478\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh Strong Shiloh Strong (born June 12, 1978) is an American actor, screenwriter, photographer and film director whose roles include \\\"Zelos Wilder\\\" from \\\"Tales of Symphonia\\\", \\\"David Scott\\\" from \\\"Dinotopia\\\", and \\\"Grant\\\" from \\\"Buck Naked Arson\\\". At the age of 16, Shiloh won a Dramalogue Award for writing the play \\\"Shades of Blue\\\". He wrote, directed and starred in the award-winning short film \\\"Irish Twins\\\" along with his brother, Rider Strong. The film premiered at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. In 2008, Shiloh Strong helped create a television commercial for Barack Obama's Presidential campaign called \\\"It Could Happen To You\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Strong\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6242479\",\n \"text\": \"He appeared in the commercial with Alexandra Barreto and his brother Rider Strong. The commercial won Moveon.org's contest for funniest commercial and aired on Comedy Central. In 2015, Shiloh started working on \\\"Girl Meets World\\\", co-directing episodes with his brother Rider. Girl Meets World Shiloh Strong Shiloh Strong (born June 12, 1978) is an American actor, screenwriter, photographer and film director whose roles include \\\"Zelos Wilder\\\" from \\\"Tales of Symphonia\\\", \\\"David Scott\\\" from \\\"Dinotopia\\\", and \\\"Grant\\\" from \\\"Buck Naked Arson\\\". At the age of 16, Shiloh won a Dramalogue Award for writing the play \\\"Shades of Blue\\\". He wrote, directed\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Strong\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10179202\",\n \"text\": \"Saving Shiloh Saving Shiloh is a family movie produced in 2006, based on the book of the same name written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor. It is the third and final film in the trilogy, whose other members are \\\"Shiloh\\\" and \\\"\\\". The film is rated PG for some thematic elements and peril. The movie begins with Marty Preston (Jason Dolley) explaining the events of \\\"Shiloh\\\" and \\\"\\\". Then Judd Travers (Scott Wilson) shows up at the Preston home with dead squirrels as a present for Marty and his family for helping him after his truck accident in the second film.\",\n \"title\": \"Saving Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16869177\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh (franchise) Shiloh is a media franchise that includes four novels and three films. \\\"Shiloh\\\" is a Newbery Medal-winning children's novel by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor published in 1991. The 65th book by Naylor, it is the first in a trilogy about a young boy and the title character, an abused dog. Naylor decided to write \\\"Shiloh\\\" after an emotionally taxing experience in West Virginia where she encountered an abused dog. Narrator and protagonist Marty Preston lives in the hills of Friendly, West Virginia. After finding an abused beagle owned by his brutal neighbor Judd Travers, Marty defies his society's standards\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10179204\",\n \"text\": \"for his hunting dogs, Judd accidentally steps on one of his dog's paws. The dog starts attacking Judd, biting his good leg. Judd doesn't show any fear, grabbing the dog and swinging him at a fence. Afterwards, when Dara Lynn (Kyle Chavarria), another of Marty's sisters, falls into a lake, Marty jumps in to save her. Shiloh jumps in to help but gets caught in the current, which leads toward Miller Falls. Marty goes back into the lake to save Shiloh but gets caught in a branch. Seeing this, Judd jumps off a cliff into the lake to free Marty.\",\n \"title\": \"Saving Shiloh\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6905098\",\n \"text\": \"the Women's Civic Club, and between 1935 and 2005 as the Odd Fellows Lodge. In 1991, the museum opened its new home, a building. The Shiloh Museum of Ozark History is mainly funded by the City of Springdale, though more than two thirds of its patrons live outside of the city limits. The museum has been named \\\"Museum of the Year\\\" four times by the Arkansas Museum Association in 1982, 1991, 2004, and 2008. The original name of the City of Springdale was Shiloh up until 1872. At that time, the town of Shiloh applied for a postal designation, only\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Museum of Ozark History\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1978974\",\n \"text\": \"the breed as the President of the SSDCA, Inc. and Breed Warden for the ISSR. Tina Barber died at the age of 63 on May 30, 2011 in Warsaw, New York. Lisa Barber (daughter) has assumed the role of Breed Warden and Registrar of the ISSR since the death of her mother. In 1997, during a period when the SSDCA was inactive, The International Shiloh Shepherd Dog Club (ISSDC) was opened. In 1998, the ISSDC opened their own registry, calling it the ISSDCr. The Shiloh Shepherd Breed Association (SSBA) was opened shortly after and assumed registry functions for the ISSDCr.\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Shepherd dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1978975\",\n \"text\": \"The National Shiloh Breed Registry (NSBR) was established in 2001 and The Shiloh Shepherd Registry (TSSR) in 2002. In 2004, the ISSDC was reorganized as a parent club for the NSBR, the SSBA, and the TSSR. In June 2009, the SSBA was closed. There are significant differences of opinion between the founding club and registry and subsequently established clubs and registries as to how best serve the breed. Shiloh Shepherd dog The Shiloh Shepherd is a new dog breed that is still under development. They are not recognized by any major kennel club, but may be shown in some rare\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Shepherd dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1055108\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh, Illinois Shiloh is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. The 2010 census recorded a population of 12,651. A site known as \\\"Three Springs\\\" for its geological characteristics hosted an 11-day revival camp meeting in April 1807, which was the first in St. Clair County and possibly the second in Illinois Country, which was then part of Indiana Territory. It was organized by the Rev. William McKendree, Presiding Elder of the Western Conference and 4th Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This assembly inspired construction of the log Shiloh Meeting House on the site shortly afterward, being\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh, Illinois\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12915873\",\n \"text\": \"Shiloh Christian School Shiloh Christian School is a private Christian school in Springdale, Arkansas, United States. Shiloh Christian School was founded in 1976 as a ministry of the First Baptist Church of Springdale, by Dennis Cottrell and Tom Ellis, under the leadership of Pastor Cliff Palmer. The school opened with 180 students from kindergarten through sixth grade. A new grade was added each year. The school graduated its first high school class in 1983, with twelve students. In 1979, the First Baptist Church of Springdale moved from its downtown location to its present site on Johnson Road. Shiloh Christian School\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh Christian School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9813383\",\n \"text\": \"on his property, threatens him and holds his gun and goes to find him but he is too drunk. Later, Judd crashes his truck into the creek while driving drunk. Shiloh's loud barking gets Marty's attention, and he finds Judd. Judd is taken to the hospital and returns home sometime later. Marty wants to be nice with Judd and makes donations of bread and meat. Marty then starts writing Judd letters, telling him stories about Shiloh. Judd reads them and starts to bond with Marty. In the end, Marty decides he wants to take Shiloh with him to visit Judd.\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh 2: Shiloh Season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059505\",\n \"text\": \"a child, she hoped that the novels would enable children to see Judd as a person like Marty who must make difficult moral choices. The first three books in the quartet each were made into a movie: \\\"Shiloh\\\" in 1996, \\\"\\\" in 1999, and \\\"Saving Shiloh\\\" in 2006. In 1996 Warner Bros. Pictures released \\\"Shiloh\\\", which was directed by Dale Rosenbloom. The first of Naylor's more than 100 juvenile and adult works to be adapted into a movie, it starred Blake Heron as Marty and Scott Wilson as Judd Travers. Budgeted at less than $2 million, \\\"Shiloh\\\" was filmed in\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5059477\",\n \"text\": \"style\\\". Writing that the main story in \\\"Shiloh\\\" is Marty's struggle in his mind with morality, Langston noted that it is \\\"presented simply, in a way any third- or fourth-grade reader can understand\\\". Scholar Kathie Cerra praised the novel for its \\\"vivid sensory detail\\\", which enables readers to experience Marty's \\\"inner life of thought and feeling\\\". In Marty's \\\"teem[ing] with life\\\" first-person narrative, he shows how he feels when he tells lies to his parents and when he embraces the wriggling Shiloh. Academic Leona W. Fisher wrote in \\\"Children's Literature Association Quarterly\\\" that the novel employs a seldom used yet\",\n \"title\": \"Shiloh (Naylor novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1283258\",\n \"text\": \"the 3rd Mississippi Battalion, and a spirited fight lasted about an hour. Arriving messengers and sounds of gunfire from the skirmish alerted the nearest Union troops, who formed battle line positions before the Confederates were able to reach them; however, the Union army command had not adequately prepared for an attack on their camps. When Prentiss learned that Peabody had sent out a patrol without his authorization he was outraged and accused the Colonel of provoking a major engagement in violation of Grant's orders, but he soon realized he was facing an assault by an entire Confederate army and rushed\",\n \"title\": \"Battle of Shiloh\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":276,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"277"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the legal age to vote in Argentina?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"4019587","text":"Elections in Argentina \"This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina. For details of Argentine government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.\" At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory (with a few exceptions) for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age. The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular vote, using a runoff voting system: there must be a second","title":"Elections in Argentina"},{"docid":"12281405","text":"Minimum legal age in Romania As in most other countries, minimum ages apply in Romania for various activities involving minors. The following minimum legal ages apply in Romania: Under Romanian law, minors are persons under 18. Nevertheless, civil law differentiates between minors under 14, who are completely devoid of legal capacity, and minors age 14-17, who have a limited form of legal capacity. Emancipation of minors under the law occurs either through marriage or by court order, if there are strong reasons, from age 16. The marriageable age is defined in Art 272 of the Civil Code of Romania. This","title":"Minimum legal age in Romania"},{"docid":"12281407","text":"on the type of jobs that minors under 18 can practice. (Art 13 of the Labour Code). Minimum legal age in Romania As in most other countries, minimum ages apply in Romania for various activities involving minors. The following minimum legal ages apply in Romania: Under Romanian law, minors are persons under 18. Nevertheless, civil law differentiates between minors under 14, who are completely devoid of legal capacity, and minors age 14-17, who have a limited form of legal capacity. Emancipation of minors under the law occurs either through marriage or by court order, if there are strong reasons, from","title":"Minimum legal age in Romania"},{"docid":"3809827","text":"Ticino) maintain a minimum purchase age below 18 years permitting minors either full or limited access to alcohol. In 2005, 2007 and recently in 2015 the European Union has failed to enact a law forcing member states to raise their purchase age to 18 years. But in the past years several European countries have raised their drinking/purchase age or enacted laws restricting the access to alcohol for minors: Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"15583725","text":"44% of college students were binge drinkers and that binge drinking peaked at age 21. Approximately three quarters of college students aged 18–20 years old drank alcohol in 2009. Within the U.S., youth are being targeted by social media in order to drive sales higher by highlighting alcohol consumption in a positive way. The legal drinking age was set to 21 years of age because studies showed that the leading cause of death of people age 1 to 34 accounted for one third of deaths due to unintentional injury from alcohol consumption. The liver is the organ that is most","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"15583726","text":"affected by alcohol. The brain is also affected, however, and can be damaged leading to the drinker's behavioral changes and emotional distress. Three noticeable effects of alcohol injury to the brain are memory loss, confusion, and augmentation. An adult is legally considered the age of 18, right to vote, contractual capacity, and financial responsibility. By age 15, adolescents are as capable as adults at logically assessing the likelihood of risk due to their development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation by this age. Studies on adolescent sensitivity to alcohol showed that there were few gross behavioral changes between children (10–15) after","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"3809825","text":"Somalia and Sudan the sale, production and consumption of alcohol is completely prohibited. The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"3809823","text":"and Nicaragua have the lowest set drinking ages. The most commonly known reason for the law behind the legal drinking age is the effect on the brain in adolescents. Since the brain is still maturing, alcohol can have a negative effect on the memory and long-term thinking. Alongside that, it can cause liver failure, and create a hormone imbalance in teens due to the constant changes and maturing of hormones during puberty. The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. Although it varies from the lowest age limit in Ethiopia being only 15 years, Zimbabwe with","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"3809824","text":"a minimum purchase age of 16 years, The Gambia with an age limit of 17 years, and Uganda where the minimum legal purchase age is 18 but minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider with a meal at a restaurant. Cameroon and Egypt are the only countries in Africa with a minimum purchase age of 21 years. However Algeria, Angola (except Luando Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Togo, Tunisia and the Western Sahara have no laws on the book restricting the sale of alcohol to minors. In Libya,","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"4415431","text":"in the United States. The voting process has two steps. An eligible voter - a U.S. citizen over the age of 18 - must first register to vote and then commit the act of voting. The voting process is regulated by each state individually and therefore varies from state to state. The process of registering to vote is different depending on the state. Pre-registration is available to youth under the age of 18 in 20 states and Washington D.C. Potential voters may also register on Election Day - or on the day on which they vote early - in 10","title":"Youth vote in the United States"},{"docid":"11285500","text":"longer elected school boards. A bill was submitted by Rep. Roberto Alonso in 1995 \"proposing a constitutional amendment providing by local option for a lawfully admitted resident alien to vote in an election held by a political subdivision.\" Montpelier citizens passed a charter change on November 6, 2018 that would afford full voting rights in municipal elections to any legal non-citizens residing in the city. Approval by the legislature (required for the measure to take effect) is still pending. A similar proposal was discussed by the city council in Winooski, but the proposal was defeated. Municipalities in Maryland where noncitizens","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States"},{"docid":"3809826","text":"of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"9480603","text":"History of the Jews in Argentina The history of the Jews in Argentina goes back to the early sixteenth centuries, following the Jewish expulsion from Spain. Sephardi Jews fleeing persecution immigrated with explorers and colonists to settle in what is now Argentina. In addition, many of the Portuguese traders in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata were Jewish. An organized Jewish community, however, did not develop until after Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816. By mid-century, Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe, fleeing the social and economic disruptions of revolutions, began to settle in","title":"History of the Jews in Argentina"},{"docid":"9480574","text":"History of the Jews in Argentina The history of the Jews in Argentina goes back to the early sixteenth centuries, following the Jewish expulsion from Spain. Sephardi Jews fleeing persecution immigrated with explorers and colonists to settle in what is now Argentina. In addition, many of the Portuguese traders in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata were Jewish. An organized Jewish community, however, did not develop until after Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816. By mid-century, Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe, fleeing the social and economic disruptions of revolutions, began to settle in","title":"History of the Jews in Argentina"},{"docid":"7522018","text":"reason for wanting to own and possess the firearm. In short, the playing of the sport of airsoft and the possession of airsoft guns in Tasmania is currently banned, and that position will most likely not change in the near future. In Argentina, Airsoft guns can be bought and used by anyone over the age of 18, however the import, sale and manufacture of replica guns requires a permit by federal law 26.216 (edited March 2018) Airsoft guns with muzzle energy below 3 joules (muzzle velocity 173.2 m/s or 568 ft/s for a 0.20 g projectile) are legal. They are","title":"Legal issues in airsoft"},{"docid":"3069619","text":"is the most common voting age, with a small minority of countries differing from this rule. Those with a national minimum age of 17 include East Timor, Greece, Indonesia, North Korea, South Sudan and Sudan. The minimum age is 16 in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua and the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey (three self-governing British Crown Dependencies). People aged 16–18 can vote in Bosnia, Serbia and Montenegro if employed. The highest minimum voting age is 21 in several nations. Some countries have variable provision for the minimum voting age, whereby a lower age is set for eligibility","title":"Voting age"},{"docid":"1781472","text":"older, and sometimes receive the responsibility of owning their own car. Teenagers may drive at age 15 in Idaho and Montana. At 16, teenagers are also old enough to donate blood and work in most establishments. At 18 one is legally considered an adult and can vote and join the military. The legal age for purchasing and consuming alcohol and recreational marijuana, the latter of which is only legal in the District of Columbia, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Alaska, is 21. The legal age for purchasing and consuming tobacco products is 18 in most states; 19","title":"Coming of age"},{"docid":"4019590","text":"presented by each party participating in legislative elections must be women. Elections in Argentina \"This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina. For details of Argentine government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.\" At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory (with a few exceptions) for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age. The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular","title":"Elections in Argentina"},{"docid":"11777107","text":"Comprehensive Law on the Prevention, Punishment and Elimination of Violence against Women in their Interpersonal Relations [Law 26.485]). In November 2012, the Congress passed an anti femicide law imposing stricter penalties on perpetrators who kill their spouses, partners, or children as a consequence of gender based violence. According to the Human Rights Watch’s 2018 world report, 254 femicides were reported, but only 22 convictions were done in 2016. While individual prostitution is legal in Argentina, the promotion, facilitation, or forcing of people into prostitution is illegal. Argentina is a source, transit, and destination country for sex trafficking of women. Sex","title":"Women in Argentina"},{"docid":"18669796","text":"vote. In the first elections (in 1951) in which women could run for office, 24 were elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, all Peronists, and seven female senators were elected, making Argentina the country with the most women representing the government. Following the death of Eva Perón, Delia Parodi, one of those deputies, led the party until the military coup of 1955 Born in Buenos Aires on June 26, 1819, Juana Manso was a writer, translator, journalist, teacher and precursor of feminism in South America. In fact, she is considered by many as the first feminist of Argentina. She","title":"Feminism in Argentina"},{"docid":"8350692","text":"years, and has resided in an electoral district/constituency for a least two months, prior to the qualifying date may also vote, but are only eligible to vote in City or Borough elections within Trinidad. They cannot vote in Parliamentary or Tobago House of Assembly elections. For both Commonwealth and Non-Commonwealth citizens, who meet these requirements can vote if they are over the age of 18. (CN and EU member) In the United Kingdom, full voting rights and rights to stand as a candidate are given to citizens of Ireland and to \"qualifying\" citizens of Commonwealth countries; this is because they","title":"Right of foreigners to vote"},{"docid":"11285494","text":"bill would also provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of this program, and that person votes or attempts to vote in an election held after the effective date of the person’s registration, that person shall be presumed to have acted with official authorization and is not guilty of fraudulently voting or attempting to vote, unless that person willfully votes or attempts to vote knowing that he or she is not entitled to vote.\" This specific wording is added to deal with California Probate Code Section 18100, as is noted later","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States"},{"docid":"1781469","text":"Sikhism, when one reaches the appropriate age of maturity, Amrit is consumed in a ceremony called Amrit Sanchar. The coming of age in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Ukraine, the Republic of Poland and the Scandinavian Countries are celebrated at either 18 or 21. As the age of legal majority, being 18 legally enables one to vote, purchase tobacco and alcohol (wine in Norway), get married without parental consent (although one can do this at 16 in Scotland, Australia and New Zealand) and sign contracts. In comparison, turning 21 has few legal effects (except Poland & Ukraine, where","title":"Coming of age"},{"docid":"19374987","text":"the measure to stall. Brazilian citizens living abroad aged between 18 and 70 must vote, as Brazil's policy of compulsory voting includes expatriate Brazilians. Voting is possible, but not mandatory, for Brazilian expatriates aged over 70 or under 18 (Brazil's minimum voting age is 16). Per Bill C-76, Canadian expatriates may vote in federal elections by post or in person, no matter how long they've lived outside the country. Previously, Canadian law dictated that citizens living abroad could only vote by post if they had lived outside the country for less than five consecutive years (citizens that worked for the","title":"Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin"},{"docid":"4415428","text":"Youth vote in the United States The youth vote in the United States is a political term used to describe 18- to 24-year-olds and their voting habits. Many policy areas specifically affect the youth of the United States, such as education issues and the juvenile justice system. The general trend in voter turnout for American elections has been decreasing for all age groups, but \"young people's participation has taken the biggest nosedive\". This low youth turnout is part of the generational trend of voting activity. Young people have the lowest turnout, though as the individual ages, turnout increases to a","title":"Youth vote in the United States"},{"docid":"12382133","text":"that age until the age of majority the child had legal status of a \"minor\", and might have a responsible adult deemed \"curator\" or have no responsible adult (being referred to as \"fors familiated\"). The Scottish age of majority was originally 21 until reduced to 18 by the \"Age of Majority (Scotland) Act 1969\". Pupils lacked any capacity to enter into legal contracts. Minors had capacity to enter into contracts, which included the capacity to make a will, but subject to rights to have these reduced by a court in certain circumstances, and sometimes requiring their curators consent. The rules","title":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991"},{"docid":"7741144","text":"Newbery Airport (Airbus A320) and Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Boeing 767), both located in Buenos Aires. LATAM Argentina fleet (as of May 2018): LATAM Argentina LATAM Airlines Argentina, formerly \"LAN Argentina\", is an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the LATAM Airlines Group. Prior to its acquisition by LAN Chile, the airline was known by its legal name, Aero 2000. LAN Argentina became an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance on April 1, 2007. The airline is owned by LATAM Airlines Group (49%) and Argentine investors (51%). On August 28, 2013, an Argentinean judge blocked","title":"LATAM Argentina"},{"docid":"4415429","text":"peak at the age of 50 and then falls again. Ever since 18-year-olds were given the right to vote in 1972, youth have been under represented at the polls. In 1976, one of the first elections in which 18-year-olds were able to vote, 18-24 year-olds made up 18 percent of all eligible voters in America, but only 13 percent actually voted - an under-representation of one-third. In the next election in 1978, youth were under-represented by 50 percent. \"Seven out of ten young people…did not vote in the 1996 presidential election… 20 percent below the general turnout\". In 1998, out","title":"Youth vote in the United States"},{"docid":"8651230","text":"Is to Be Done?\" is one of the sources of inspiration for Rand's thought. For example, the book's main character Lopuhov says \"I am not a man to make sacrifices. And indeed there are no such things. One acts in the way that one finds most pleasant.\" Vladimir Nabokov's final novel in Russian, \"The Gift\", ridicules \"What is to Be Done?\" in its fourth chapter. What Is to Be Done? (novel) What Is To Be Done? (; also translated as What Shall We Do? and literally translated as \"What To Do?\") is an 1863 novel written by the Russian philosopher,","title":"What Is to Be Done? (novel)"},{"docid":"15689834","text":"name of \"Asociación de Cricket Argentino\". The decade of the 1940s is considered the golden age of the sport in Argentina due to the arrive of professional English players contributed to improve the level of the local championship, being even compared with the English cricket. When World War II began, most of the British players joined the British Army, leaving Argentina. This caused the level of the game decreased. Argentine cricket celebrated its 200th anniversary on 21 October 2006. An event was held at San Antonio College, where the first recorded match was played back in 1806 by British Soldiers.","title":"Cricket in Argentina"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019587\",\n \"text\": \"Elections in Argentina \\\"This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina. For details of Argentine government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.\\\" At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory (with a few exceptions) for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age. The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular vote, using a runoff voting system: there must be a second\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12281405\",\n \"text\": \"Minimum legal age in Romania As in most other countries, minimum ages apply in Romania for various activities involving minors. The following minimum legal ages apply in Romania: Under Romanian law, minors are persons under 18. Nevertheless, civil law differentiates between minors under 14, who are completely devoid of legal capacity, and minors age 14-17, who have a limited form of legal capacity. Emancipation of minors under the law occurs either through marriage or by court order, if there are strong reasons, from age 16. The marriageable age is defined in Art 272 of the Civil Code of Romania. This\",\n \"title\": \"Minimum legal age in Romania\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12281407\",\n \"text\": \"on the type of jobs that minors under 18 can practice. (Art 13 of the Labour Code). Minimum legal age in Romania As in most other countries, minimum ages apply in Romania for various activities involving minors. The following minimum legal ages apply in Romania: Under Romanian law, minors are persons under 18. Nevertheless, civil law differentiates between minors under 14, who are completely devoid of legal capacity, and minors age 14-17, who have a limited form of legal capacity. Emancipation of minors under the law occurs either through marriage or by court order, if there are strong reasons, from\",\n \"title\": \"Minimum legal age in Romania\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809827\",\n \"text\": \"Ticino) maintain a minimum purchase age below 18 years permitting minors either full or limited access to alcohol. In 2005, 2007 and recently in 2015 the European Union has failed to enact a law forcing member states to raise their purchase age to 18 years. But in the past years several European countries have raised their drinking/purchase age or enacted laws restricting the access to alcohol for minors: Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583725\",\n \"text\": \"44% of college students were binge drinkers and that binge drinking peaked at age 21. Approximately three quarters of college students aged 18–20 years old drank alcohol in 2009. Within the U.S., youth are being targeted by social media in order to drive sales higher by highlighting alcohol consumption in a positive way. The legal drinking age was set to 21 years of age because studies showed that the leading cause of death of people age 1 to 34 accounted for one third of deaths due to unintentional injury from alcohol consumption. The liver is the organ that is most\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583726\",\n \"text\": \"affected by alcohol. The brain is also affected, however, and can be damaged leading to the drinker's behavioral changes and emotional distress. Three noticeable effects of alcohol injury to the brain are memory loss, confusion, and augmentation. An adult is legally considered the age of 18, right to vote, contractual capacity, and financial responsibility. By age 15, adolescents are as capable as adults at logically assessing the likelihood of risk due to their development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation by this age. Studies on adolescent sensitivity to alcohol showed that there were few gross behavioral changes between children (10–15) after\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809825\",\n \"text\": \"Somalia and Sudan the sale, production and consumption of alcohol is completely prohibited. The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809823\",\n \"text\": \"and Nicaragua have the lowest set drinking ages. The most commonly known reason for the law behind the legal drinking age is the effect on the brain in adolescents. Since the brain is still maturing, alcohol can have a negative effect on the memory and long-term thinking. Alongside that, it can cause liver failure, and create a hormone imbalance in teens due to the constant changes and maturing of hormones during puberty. The most common minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. Although it varies from the lowest age limit in Ethiopia being only 15 years, Zimbabwe with\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809824\",\n \"text\": \"a minimum purchase age of 16 years, The Gambia with an age limit of 17 years, and Uganda where the minimum legal purchase age is 18 but minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider with a meal at a restaurant. Cameroon and Egypt are the only countries in Africa with a minimum purchase age of 21 years. However Algeria, Angola (except Luando Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Togo, Tunisia and the Western Sahara have no laws on the book restricting the sale of alcohol to minors. In Libya,\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4415431\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States. The voting process has two steps. An eligible voter - a U.S. citizen over the age of 18 - must first register to vote and then commit the act of voting. The voting process is regulated by each state individually and therefore varies from state to state. The process of registering to vote is different depending on the state. Pre-registration is available to youth under the age of 18 in 20 states and Washington D.C. Potential voters may also register on Election Day - or on the day on which they vote early - in 10\",\n \"title\": \"Youth vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285500\",\n \"text\": \"longer elected school boards. A bill was submitted by Rep. Roberto Alonso in 1995 \\\"proposing a constitutional amendment providing by local option for a lawfully admitted resident alien to vote in an election held by a political subdivision.\\\" Montpelier citizens passed a charter change on November 6, 2018 that would afford full voting rights in municipal elections to any legal non-citizens residing in the city. Approval by the legislature (required for the measure to take effect) is still pending. A similar proposal was discussed by the city council in Winooski, but the proposal was defeated. Municipalities in Maryland where noncitizens\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809826\",\n \"text\": \"of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years. Most countries within Europe have set 18 as the minimum age to purchase alcohol. Although Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Serbia and Switzerland (except\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9480603\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in Argentina The history of the Jews in Argentina goes back to the early sixteenth centuries, following the Jewish expulsion from Spain. Sephardi Jews fleeing persecution immigrated with explorers and colonists to settle in what is now Argentina. In addition, many of the Portuguese traders in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata were Jewish. An organized Jewish community, however, did not develop until after Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816. By mid-century, Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe, fleeing the social and economic disruptions of revolutions, began to settle in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9480574\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in Argentina The history of the Jews in Argentina goes back to the early sixteenth centuries, following the Jewish expulsion from Spain. Sephardi Jews fleeing persecution immigrated with explorers and colonists to settle in what is now Argentina. In addition, many of the Portuguese traders in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata were Jewish. An organized Jewish community, however, did not develop until after Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816. By mid-century, Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe, fleeing the social and economic disruptions of revolutions, began to settle in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7522018\",\n \"text\": \"reason for wanting to own and possess the firearm. In short, the playing of the sport of airsoft and the possession of airsoft guns in Tasmania is currently banned, and that position will most likely not change in the near future. In Argentina, Airsoft guns can be bought and used by anyone over the age of 18, however the import, sale and manufacture of replica guns requires a permit by federal law 26.216 (edited March 2018) Airsoft guns with muzzle energy below 3 joules (muzzle velocity 173.2 m/s or 568 ft/s for a 0.20 g projectile) are legal. They are\",\n \"title\": \"Legal issues in airsoft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3069619\",\n \"text\": \"is the most common voting age, with a small minority of countries differing from this rule. Those with a national minimum age of 17 include East Timor, Greece, Indonesia, North Korea, South Sudan and Sudan. The minimum age is 16 in Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Nicaragua and the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey (three self-governing British Crown Dependencies). People aged 16–18 can vote in Bosnia, Serbia and Montenegro if employed. The highest minimum voting age is 21 in several nations. Some countries have variable provision for the minimum voting age, whereby a lower age is set for eligibility\",\n \"title\": \"Voting age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1781472\",\n \"text\": \"older, and sometimes receive the responsibility of owning their own car. Teenagers may drive at age 15 in Idaho and Montana. At 16, teenagers are also old enough to donate blood and work in most establishments. At 18 one is legally considered an adult and can vote and join the military. The legal age for purchasing and consuming alcohol and recreational marijuana, the latter of which is only legal in the District of Columbia, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Nevada, and Alaska, is 21. The legal age for purchasing and consuming tobacco products is 18 in most states; 19\",\n \"title\": \"Coming of age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4019590\",\n \"text\": \"presented by each party participating in legislative elections must be women. Elections in Argentina \\\"This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina. For details of Argentine government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.\\\" At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and a legislature. The franchise extends to all citizens aged 16 and over, and voting is mandatory (with a few exceptions) for all those who are between 18 and 70 years of age. The President and the Vice-President are elected in one ballot, for a four-year term, by direct popular\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11777107\",\n \"text\": \"Comprehensive Law on the Prevention, Punishment and Elimination of Violence against Women in their Interpersonal Relations [Law 26.485]). In November 2012, the Congress passed an anti femicide law imposing stricter penalties on perpetrators who kill their spouses, partners, or children as a consequence of gender based violence. According to the Human Rights Watch’s 2018 world report, 254 femicides were reported, but only 22 convictions were done in 2016. While individual prostitution is legal in Argentina, the promotion, facilitation, or forcing of people into prostitution is illegal. Argentina is a source, transit, and destination country for sex trafficking of women. Sex\",\n \"title\": \"Women in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18669796\",\n \"text\": \"vote. In the first elections (in 1951) in which women could run for office, 24 were elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, all Peronists, and seven female senators were elected, making Argentina the country with the most women representing the government. Following the death of Eva Perón, Delia Parodi, one of those deputies, led the party until the military coup of 1955 Born in Buenos Aires on June 26, 1819, Juana Manso was a writer, translator, journalist, teacher and precursor of feminism in South America. In fact, she is considered by many as the first feminist of Argentina. She\",\n \"title\": \"Feminism in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8350692\",\n \"text\": \"years, and has resided in an electoral district/constituency for a least two months, prior to the qualifying date may also vote, but are only eligible to vote in City or Borough elections within Trinidad. They cannot vote in Parliamentary or Tobago House of Assembly elections. For both Commonwealth and Non-Commonwealth citizens, who meet these requirements can vote if they are over the age of 18. (CN and EU member) In the United Kingdom, full voting rights and rights to stand as a candidate are given to citizens of Ireland and to \\\"qualifying\\\" citizens of Commonwealth countries; this is because they\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285494\",\n \"text\": \"bill would also provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of this program, and that person votes or attempts to vote in an election held after the effective date of the person’s registration, that person shall be presumed to have acted with official authorization and is not guilty of fraudulently voting or attempting to vote, unless that person willfully votes or attempts to vote knowing that he or she is not entitled to vote.\\\" This specific wording is added to deal with California Probate Code Section 18100, as is noted later\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1781469\",\n \"text\": \"Sikhism, when one reaches the appropriate age of maturity, Amrit is consumed in a ceremony called Amrit Sanchar. The coming of age in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Ukraine, the Republic of Poland and the Scandinavian Countries are celebrated at either 18 or 21. As the age of legal majority, being 18 legally enables one to vote, purchase tobacco and alcohol (wine in Norway), get married without parental consent (although one can do this at 16 in Scotland, Australia and New Zealand) and sign contracts. In comparison, turning 21 has few legal effects (except Poland & Ukraine, where\",\n \"title\": \"Coming of age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19374987\",\n \"text\": \"the measure to stall. Brazilian citizens living abroad aged between 18 and 70 must vote, as Brazil's policy of compulsory voting includes expatriate Brazilians. Voting is possible, but not mandatory, for Brazilian expatriates aged over 70 or under 18 (Brazil's minimum voting age is 16). Per Bill C-76, Canadian expatriates may vote in federal elections by post or in person, no matter how long they've lived outside the country. Previously, Canadian law dictated that citizens living abroad could only vote by post if they had lived outside the country for less than five consecutive years (citizens that worked for the\",\n \"title\": \"Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4415428\",\n \"text\": \"Youth vote in the United States The youth vote in the United States is a political term used to describe 18- to 24-year-olds and their voting habits. Many policy areas specifically affect the youth of the United States, such as education issues and the juvenile justice system. The general trend in voter turnout for American elections has been decreasing for all age groups, but \\\"young people's participation has taken the biggest nosedive\\\". This low youth turnout is part of the generational trend of voting activity. Young people have the lowest turnout, though as the individual ages, turnout increases to a\",\n \"title\": \"Youth vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12382133\",\n \"text\": \"that age until the age of majority the child had legal status of a \\\"minor\\\", and might have a responsible adult deemed \\\"curator\\\" or have no responsible adult (being referred to as \\\"fors familiated\\\"). The Scottish age of majority was originally 21 until reduced to 18 by the \\\"Age of Majority (Scotland) Act 1969\\\". Pupils lacked any capacity to enter into legal contracts. Minors had capacity to enter into contracts, which included the capacity to make a will, but subject to rights to have these reduced by a court in certain circumstances, and sometimes requiring their curators consent. The rules\",\n \"title\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7741144\",\n \"text\": \"Newbery Airport (Airbus A320) and Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Boeing 767), both located in Buenos Aires. LATAM Argentina fleet (as of May 2018): LATAM Argentina LATAM Airlines Argentina, formerly \\\"LAN Argentina\\\", is an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the LATAM Airlines Group. Prior to its acquisition by LAN Chile, the airline was known by its legal name, Aero 2000. LAN Argentina became an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance on April 1, 2007. The airline is owned by LATAM Airlines Group (49%) and Argentine investors (51%). On August 28, 2013, an Argentinean judge blocked\",\n \"title\": \"LATAM Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4415429\",\n \"text\": \"peak at the age of 50 and then falls again. Ever since 18-year-olds were given the right to vote in 1972, youth have been under represented at the polls. In 1976, one of the first elections in which 18-year-olds were able to vote, 18-24 year-olds made up 18 percent of all eligible voters in America, but only 13 percent actually voted - an under-representation of one-third. In the next election in 1978, youth were under-represented by 50 percent. \\\"Seven out of ten young people…did not vote in the 1996 presidential election… 20 percent below the general turnout\\\". In 1998, out\",\n \"title\": \"Youth vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8651230\",\n \"text\": \"Is to Be Done?\\\" is one of the sources of inspiration for Rand's thought. For example, the book's main character Lopuhov says \\\"I am not a man to make sacrifices. And indeed there are no such things. One acts in the way that one finds most pleasant.\\\" Vladimir Nabokov's final novel in Russian, \\\"The Gift\\\", ridicules \\\"What is to Be Done?\\\" in its fourth chapter. What Is to Be Done? (novel) What Is To Be Done? (; also translated as What Shall We Do? and literally translated as \\\"What To Do?\\\") is an 1863 novel written by the Russian philosopher,\",\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done? (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15689834\",\n \"text\": \"name of \\\"Asociación de Cricket Argentino\\\". The decade of the 1940s is considered the golden age of the sport in Argentina due to the arrive of professional English players contributed to improve the level of the local championship, being even compared with the English cricket. When World War II began, most of the British players joined the British Army, leaving Argentina. This caused the level of the game decreased. Argentine cricket celebrated its 200th anniversary on 21 October 2006. An event was held at San Antonio College, where the first recorded match was played back in 1806 by British Soldiers.\",\n \"title\": \"Cricket in Argentina\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"15583729","text":"is already common, but NHTSA spokeswoman Evelyn Avant believes that lowering the drinking age would lead to even more alcohol use among young people. Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"15583718","text":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes to alcohol consumption. A survey of Australian college students demonstrated that they and other students witnessed blackouts during parties with alcohol consumption and around","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"19108099","text":"Ballotage in Argentina The ballotage system is included in the Constitution of Argentina. It was added by the 1994 amendment, as part of the negotiations between Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem. Most countries with a two-round system require a candidate to win at least 50 percent of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. In Argentina, however, a candidate does not need a majority for a first-round victory. Instead, a candidate can win outright if he wins at least 45 percent of the vote, or wins 40 to 44 percent of the vote and is at","title":"Ballotage in Argentina"},{"docid":"3809821","text":"Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary between different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"19001727","text":"Lorne. \"The Politics of Imagination\" (review of \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\") 47 University of Toronto Law Journal 523 (1997) Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\". Verso Books, 1996. Waldron, Jeremy. \"Dirty Little Secret\" (review of \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"), 98 Columbia Law Review 510 (1998). What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in","title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?"},{"docid":"16691649","text":"party to it to prevent and combat human trafficking and to assist and protect the victims of it. It also encourages countries to cooperate among themselves to achieve these objectives. In Argentina this crime is punishable by law. There are many laws that cover this problem, but the crime continues to occur. An important legal development in this area was the enactment of law number 26.364, which tries to achieve what this international protocol seeks and provides penalties of 3 to 15 years in prison. Despite being a serious felony, in Argentina there are no official statistics on this crime,","title":"Human trafficking in Argentina"},{"docid":"18669810","text":"the late 1940s. After the Peronist Feminist Party was founded, twice the number of women were allowed to attend university. With the set up of the Peronist Feminist Party, women's centres were set up in poor Argentinian neighbourhoods. These centres provided a wide range of services including medical, legal and social services. At the time of the party's founding, women were largely absent from the political process in Argentina and were not allowed to vote. In the first elections (in 1951) in which women could run for office, 24 were elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, all Peronists. Also,","title":"Feminism in Argentina"},{"docid":"19001726","text":"legal institutions rest,\" one that may \"facilitate transforming those institutions into more emancipatory forms.\" Sossin notes that Unger would add \"prophecy\" and \"vision\" to the pursuits of critical theory. Sossin concludes that \"\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\" is in many ways an illustration of Unger practicing what he preaches—reinventing and recombining ideas and elements of his previous thought into a reinvigorated critique. His analysis never fails to engage, though ... it does leave important questions unanswered.\" Kar, Robin Bradley. \"Legal Analysis and the Perversions of Theory (review of \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"), 106 Yale Law Journal 2685 (1997) Sossin,","title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?"},{"docid":"11285492","text":"year, will not be offered the option.\" Citizenship status is verified at the DMV when applying for a license. While voting as a noncitizen in a federal election carries legal penalties, California Assembly Bill No. 1461 removes legal ramifications from the State of California for individuals that accurately represent themselves and the DMV incorrectly registers the individual to vote, which means a failure on the DMV clerk or system to properly execute the process of verifying the voter registration information for the individual: \"Existing law makes it a crime for a person to willfully cause, procure, or allow himself or","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States"},{"docid":"15583721","text":"ruled the Act was constitutional and the States still had the right to set their own drinking ages. However, the Federal Government can give the state a 10% penalty on highway funds if the state chooses to have their drinking age lower than 21. Not even a year later, all 50 states of the United States officially made 21 the minimum legal drinking age. MLDA-21 is not the only variable; the shift in demographics, increased enforcement, increased seat belt use, safer cars, increased parental monitoring and \"designated driver\" emphasis could also be a reason why after the age was raised,","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"15583722","text":"motor vehicle incidents have decreased. Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States, more than tobacco and illicit drugs. Although the purchase of alcohol by persons under the age of 21 is illegal, people aged 12–20 years old drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the US. Among the 14 million adults aged 21 or older who were classified as having alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year, more than 13 million had started using alcohol before age 21. Since 1984, when the National Minimum Drinking Age Act made the minimum legal","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"18693646","text":"Crime in Argentina Crime in Argentina is investigated by the Argentine police. In 2016, Argentina had a murder rate of 5.94 per 100,000. There were a total of 2,605 murders in Argentina in 2016. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \"New York Times\" article noted that \"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common among the private sector, and","title":"Crime in Argentina"},{"docid":"18693650","text":"a victim’s home or workplace. In 2012, the Congress passed an anti femicide law imposing stricter penalties on perpetrators who kill their spouses, partners, or children as a consequence of gender based violence. Crime in Argentina Crime in Argentina is investigated by the Argentine police. In 2016, Argentina had a murder rate of 5.94 per 100,000. There were a total of 2,605 murders in Argentina in 2016. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina.","title":"Crime in Argentina"},{"docid":"19001721","text":"What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in order to transform society to be more radically democratic, it is necessary to penetrate the specialized professions so that we can talk about, and imagine, institutions effectively. Unger focuses on the legal profession in this book, setting forth a vision of law as \"institutional imagination.\" He presents a program","title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?"},{"docid":"17784697","text":"'Valijagate' scandal wherein Hugo Chávez was alleged to have funneled Venezuelan money for Cristina Kirchner's campaign, and Jorge Simeonoff for alleged collusion in contract negotiations for highway construction jobs. Corruption in Argentina Corruption in Argentina remains a serious problem. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \"New York Times\" article noted that \"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common","title":"Corruption in Argentina"},{"docid":"4733148","text":"16% supported civil unions or other forms of legal recognition. Same-sex marriage in Argentina Same-sex marriage in Argentina has been legal since July 22, 2010. Argentina was the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the second in the Southern Hemisphere to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. It was the tenth country worldwide to allow same-sex marriage. In the first decade of the 21st century, civil unions ( or \"unión convivencial\") were made legal in four jurisdictions in Argentina: the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2002), the province of Río Negro (2003), the city of Villa Carlos","title":"Same-sex marriage in Argentina"},{"docid":"17784594","text":"Corruption in Argentina Corruption in Argentina remains a serious problem. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \"New York Times\" article noted that \"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common among the private sector, and the lack of transparency in government regulations and laws has triggered an increased uncertainty among investors. Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the","title":"Corruption in Argentina"},{"docid":"12435110","text":"Office and the General Directorate for Social Security. AFIP establishes the relevant legal norms for the calculation, payment and administration of taxes: The tax year is the fiscal year which can be calendar year or another period covering 12 months. The administration of taxes functions on self-assessment system and the ruling is covered only by a binding consultation system. There is no ruling system for taxes in Argentina. Taxes in Argentina are levied on three levels: The main sources of state budget revenues in Argentina are: The following federal taxes are applied in Argentina: Regardless of the federal taxes in","title":"Taxation in Argentina"},{"docid":"19108101","text":"first runoff voting ever held for an Argentine presidential election, opposition leader and Buenos Aires Mayor Mauricio Macri narrowly defeated FPV candidate and Buenos Aires Province Governor Daniel Scioli, with Macri obtaining 51.34% of the votes to Scioli's 48.66%. Ballotage in Argentina The ballotage system is included in the Constitution of Argentina. It was added by the 1994 amendment, as part of the negotiations between Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem. Most countries with a two-round system require a candidate to win at least 50 percent of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. In Argentina, however,","title":"Ballotage in Argentina"},{"docid":"18961738","text":"Primary elections in Argentina Primary elections in Argentina are called PASO (which stands for \"Primarias Abiertas Simultáneas y Obligatorias\", ). They were established in 2011 by the law 26,571. With this system, all parties run primary elections in a same general elections. All parties must take part in it, both the parties with internal factions and parties with a single candidate list. Citizens may vote for any candidate of any party, but may only cast a single vote. Parties must also get 1.5% or higher of the vote to be allowed to run in the main elections. 149 minor parties","title":"Primary elections in Argentina"},{"docid":"19001724","text":"positive suggestions are concerned, one is left frustrated by this book. The negative account of mainstream legal analysis is provocative, and the critique of its orientation to the courts is important and timely.\" Robin Bradley Kar contends that Unger's constructive program in \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\" is inconsistent with his negative criticisms of contemporary American legal interpretation. In his review of the book in the \"Yale Law Journal\", Kar argued that Unger's criticism of contemporary legal analysis rests on the idea that we should not rest our interpretations of law upon general \"policies of collective welfare and principles of","title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?"},{"docid":"12382132","text":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 (c.50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applicable only in Scotland which replaced the pre-existing rule of pupillage and minority with a simpler rule that a person has full legal capacity, with some limitations, at the age of 16. Under the previous Scots law (derived from Roman law), a child to the age of 12 if female, or 14 if male, had legal status of \"pupil\" and was under legal control of an adult (usually parent or parents) deemed \"tutor\". From","title":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991"},{"docid":"15583724","text":"and injury among adolescents. One-third of all car accidents among adolescents have to do with alcohol consumption. Some states have lower alcohol taxes and even made alcohol available to be purchased tax-free at state-owned stores to compete with Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Teen drinking in high school is down 23% since 1983 when the minimum legal drinking age was enacted and binge drinking is down 17%. Alcohol can cause problems throughout life, it is not only young adults that are affected, people into their sixties struggle with alcoholism. The movement of young adults from high school to college shows that","title":"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States"},{"docid":"19001722","text":"for changing the nature of the legal profession so that less power is vested in legal professionals and institutions, and legal analysis is reoriented to be more egalitarian and advance more effectively the democratic project. Jeremy Waldron, reviewing \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\" in the \"Columbia Law Review\", praised the book as an \"eminently readable\" text encompassing many of the same themes that Unger explored in his three-volume \"Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory\". Waldron notes that Unger's argument in the book has a negative and a positive side. Waldron finds the negative side of Unger's argument—in which Unger","title":"What Should Legal Analysis Become?"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"4733133","text":"Same-sex marriage in Argentina Same-sex marriage in Argentina has been legal since July 22, 2010. Argentina was the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the second in the Southern Hemisphere to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. It was the tenth country worldwide to allow same-sex marriage. In the first decade of the 21st century, civil unions ( or \"unión convivencial\") were made legal in four jurisdictions in Argentina: the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2002), the province of Río Negro (2003), the city of Villa Carlos Paz (2007), and the city of Río Cuarto (2009). Civil","title":"Same-sex marriage in Argentina"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"5940819","text":"Tennis in Argentina Tennis in Argentina is regulated by the \"Asociación Argentina de Tenis\" (Argentine Tennis Association), which also selects the coaches of the Argentine teams for the Davis Cup and Federation Cup. There are many tennis courts in Argentina, and the sport, even though still considered middle- to upper-class, is practiced by regardless of age. Although British immigrants brought the sport to Argentina, it was not until late in the 1970s that Guillermo Vilas' success made the sport popular, reaching second place in the 1975 ATP ranking. He was internationally recognised and was later included in the International Tennis","title":"Tennis in Argentina"},{"docid":"12382137","text":"business, or where they misrepresented their age also cannot be reduced. There is also specific provision for persons having their birthday on 29 February; under section 6 they are treated as having their birthday on 1 March in every non-leap year for purposes of calculating their age. Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 (c.50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applicable only in Scotland which replaced the pre-existing rule of pupillage and minority with a simpler rule that a person has full legal capacity, with some limitations,","title":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991"},{"docid":"3510150","text":"restrictions regarding matters such as the right to vote or stand for elective office, act as a judge, and many others. Age of majority can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license, which also pertains to the threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract way. As a legal term of art, \"license\" means \"permission\", and it can implicate a legally enforceable right or privilege. Thus, an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from government to do something. The age of majority, on the other hand, is","title":"Age of majority"},{"docid":"11301237","text":"Prostitution in Argentina Prostitution in Argentina (exchanging sex for money) is legal under Federal law. Article 19 of the constitution states: \"\"The private actions of people that do not offend in any way the public order and morality, nor damage a third person, are only reserved to God, and are exempt from the authority of the magistrates.\"\" Organised prostitution (brothels, prostitution rings and pimping) is illegal. In addition, individual provinces may place further restriction on the trade. For example in San Juan, publicly offering sex services for money if punishable by up to 20 days in jail. In 2012, newspapers","title":"Prostitution in Argentina"},{"docid":"2856349","text":"sense used here, the German word \"Unmündigkeit\" does not mean having attained age of majority or legal adulthood. Literally translated, \"Unmündig\" is non-mouthed or not having a voice to raise. \"Unmündig\" also means \"dependent\" or \"unfree\", and another translation is \"tutelage\" or \"nonage\" (the condition of \"not [being] of age\"). Kant, whose moral philosophy is centred on the concept of autonomy, he distinguishes between a person who is intellectually autonomous and one who keeps him/herself in an intellectually heteronomous, i.e., dependent and immature status. Kant understands the majority of people to be content to follow the guiding institutions of society,","title":"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?"},{"docid":"11301245","text":"trafficked to urban centres from rural areas or are trafficked from neighboring countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and other countries such as Colombia, Dominican Republic, Russia, Venezuela, Romania and Haiti. Prostitution in Argentina Prostitution in Argentina (exchanging sex for money) is legal under Federal law. Article 19 of the constitution states: \"\"The private actions of people that do not offend in any way the public order and morality, nor damage a third person, are only reserved to God, and are exempt from the authority of the magistrates.\"\" Organised prostitution (brothels, prostitution rings and pimping) is illegal.","title":"Prostitution in Argentina"},{"docid":"19856224","text":"Cannabis in Argentina Cannabis in Argentina is decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009. Public consumption is generally accepted among young adults. Consumption for medical purposes is accepted but not legislated (only in private locations). Cultivating, selling and transporting large amounts is illegal and punishable by present laws. Medical cannabis is legal in Chubut since September 23, 2016, and in Santa Fe since November 30, 2016. On March 29, 2017, the Argentine senate approved the medical use of CBD cannabis oil, and was promulgated on September 21, 2017.","title":"Cannabis in Argentina"},{"docid":"19856223","text":"Cannabis in Argentina Cannabis in Argentina is decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009. Public consumption is generally accepted among young adults. Consumption for medical purposes is accepted but not legislated (only in private locations). Cultivating, selling and transporting large amounts is illegal and punishable by present laws. Medical cannabis is legal in Chubut since September 23, 2016, and in Santa Fe since November 30, 2016. On March 29, 2017, the Argentine senate approved the medical use of CBD cannabis oil, and was promulgated on September 21, 2017.","title":"Cannabis in Argentina"},{"docid":"2385261","text":"Private and parochial universities are also abundant, numbering 46 among the active institutions and they enroll about a sixth of the collegiate student body (see University reform in Argentina and List of universities in Argentina). Summing up, over 1.5 million students attend institutions of higher learning in Argentina, annually (roughly half the population of college age). Argentina does not have a standard and common system of examination after high school, thus admission to universities is strictly defined by each university. Moreover, a steady degradation in primary and secondary education created a huge difference between the required level to enter a","title":"Education in Argentina"},{"docid":"19817376","text":"2016. Disenchanted Republicans pair up with disenchanted Democrats and both vote for third party or independent candidates instead of voting for the two establishment parties. By forming this pact, the major-party candidates on both sides are deprived of one vote. This prevents the spoiler effect from happening. Individuals wishing to vote pact must find matches by themselves. VotePact has set up a Facebook page to help facilitate the process. One criticism of vote pairing is that vote pairing agreements are unenforceable, given the secret ballot, as well as the fact that vote pairing agreements are not legal contracts, and thus","title":"Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election"},{"docid":"5340068","text":"Football in Argentina Association football is the most popular sport in the Argentine Republic and part of the culture in Argentina. It is the one with the most players (2,658,811 total, 331,811 of which are registered and 2,327,000 unregistered; with 3,377 clubs and 37,161 officials, all according to FIFA) and is the most popular recreational sport, played from childhood into old age. The percentage of Argentines that declare allegiance to an Argentine football club is about 90%. Football was introduced to Argentina in the later half of the 19th century by the British immigrants in Buenos Aires. The first Argentine","title":"Football in Argentina"},{"docid":"8770989","text":"LGBT rights in Argentina Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Argentina are among the most advanced in the world. Upon legalising same-sex marriage on 15 July 2010, Argentina became the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the tenth in the world to do so. Following Argentina's transition to a democracy in 1983, its laws have become more inclusive and accepting of LGBT people, as has public opinion. Argentina also \"has one of the world's most comprehensive transgender rights laws\": its \"Gender Identity Law\", passed in 2012, allows people to change their legal gender","title":"LGBT rights in Argentina"},{"docid":"12382134","text":"as to when contracts did or did not require consent, and which were potentially reducible by court were complex. The age to enter into marriage was originally the age of minority, but this was raised to 16 years by the Age of Marriage Act 1929, and confirmed in the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977. Under the Age Legal Capacity Scotland Act 1991 the old rules and terms were replaced. The basic rule under the replacement regime is that under 16s have no legal capacity. This is qualified by section 2 which provides that under 16s can: 1) enter into a contract","title":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991"},{"docid":"19375004","text":"people living in the UK. US citizens living abroad enjoy full voting rights, regardless of how long they have lived abroad. In addition, 36 states, plus the District of Columbia, allow US citizens who have never resided in the US to vote in the respective state based on where their parent or legal guardian was last registered. Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin The right of expatriates to vote in elections in their country of origin varies depending on the legislation of an expatriate’s country of origin. Some countries (such as France) grant their expatriate citizens","title":"Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin"},{"docid":"19365127","text":"or over, as prescribed by Articles 136, 143 and 150 of the Swiss Federal Constitution. A bill proposing granting foreign residents the right to vote in federal elections was submitted to the Federal Council on 4 October 2000 but was rejected on 4 October 2011. Under Article 36(1) of the Federal Constitution, the cantons have the power to grant political rights in cantonal and municipal elections which go beyond the minimum federal threshold (such as lowering the voting age and extending the right to vote to foreign nationals). The cantons also have the option to delegate these powers to the","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in Switzerland"},{"docid":"19646676","text":"recognized the basic legal rights of an orangutan named Sandra who was born in a zoo. An advocacy group filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on Sandra's behalf, resulting in the court's declaration that the animal is a \"non-human person\". Animal welfare and rights in Argentina Animal welfare and rights in Argentina is about laws concerning and treatment of non-human animals in Argentina. Argentina has weak protections for animals by international standards. Argentina's Law 14246 (1954) prohibits cruelty toward animals. This does not include harm caused by failure to act, and it is not clear which animals","title":"Animal welfare and rights in Argentina"},{"docid":"3809822","text":"minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks. Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada (certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea have the highest set drinking ages; however, some of these countries do not have off-premises drinking limits. Austria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Ethiopia, Gibraltar, Luxembourg","title":"Legal drinking age"},{"docid":"11754715","text":"classes which are referred to as \"negro\" and \"negra\" by other social groups. Negro is also one of the most common nicknames, with no offensive meaning. Paradoxically, the same racist ideology in Argentina that maintains that \"there are no negros (of African ancestry) in Argentina\" uses the word \"negro\" to designate a vaguely defined population made up of workers, poor people, internal migrants, Latin-American immigrants, and natives, without any more distinction. Víctor Ramos, the president of SOS Internacional, responded in the following manner when asked by a journalist what were the most common manifestations of racism in Argentina: An example","title":"Racism in Argentina"},{"docid":"12468684","text":"If the much-younger target of affections is not of the legal age of consent, the term \"jailbait\" may be applied to them, with connotations cautioning against involvement. An older term for any licentious or lascivious man is a \"lecher\", and that term and its shortening of \"lech\" have become common to describe an elderly man who makes passes at much younger women. Age disparity in sexual relationships Age disparity in sexual relationships is the difference in ages of individuals in sexual relationships. Concepts of these relationships, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies.","title":"Age disparity in sexual relationships"},{"docid":"8771000","text":"Gay-Lésbica Argentina\", and \"Transexuales por el Derecho a la Vida y la Identidad\". As these groups and many others became increasingly political and wanted institutional, legal change, they eventually came to a consensus in 2006: they needed to band together to create one uniform organization that would allow them to effectively create change. Thus came about the \"Federación Argentina de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Transexuales (FALGBT)\". Although influenced by the \"CHA\", the \"FALGBT\" was different: it was particularly focused on legalizing same-sex marriage; it is considered an \"umbrella organization\", and therefore is less centralized; and is more concerned with issues","title":"LGBT rights in Argentina"},{"docid":"12382135","text":"of a kind commonly entered into by persons of their age group, and on terms which are not unreasonable; 2) from age 12, make a Will, and are deemed to have capacity to instruct a lawyer to act on their behalf. The right to consent to an adoption was also subsequently inserted into this section by the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. In all other cases the legal Guardian of the under 16 has legal right to deal with all contractual and consent matters on the child's behalf. From age 16 a person has full legal capacity to enter into any","title":"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991"},{"docid":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"13620438","text":"Legal objections to pornography in the United States In the United States, distribution of \"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\" materials is a federal crime. The determination of what is \"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\" is up to a jury in a trial, which must apply the Miller test; however, due to the prominence of pornography in most communities most pornographic materials are not considered \"patently offensive\" in the Miller test. In 1967, Denmark decriminalized pornography with few adverse effects, and the following year, the United States Supreme Court held that people could view whatever they wished in the privacy of","title":"Legal objections to pornography in the United States"},{"docid":"13983726","text":"vote as many times as they could even in the same election. While this practice was once legal in certain countries under certain limited circumstances (for example, some British voters were formerly allowed to vote both in their own geographical constituency and a special university constituency), it is now strictly prohibited in all liberal democracies. Most modern democratic electoral processes are operated on a one person, one vote basis. As such, voting often (on one day) would suggest that the person is illegally voting as more than one person – a person with multiple voter registrations. The extra registrations might","title":"Vote early and vote often"},{"docid":"17513535","text":"What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902. Lenin said that the article represented \"a skeleton plan to be developed in greater detail in a pamphlet now in preparation for print\". Its title is inspired by the novel of the same name by the 19th century Russian revolutionary Nikolai Chernyshevsky. In \"What Is to Be Done?\", Lenin argues that the working class will not spontaneously become political simply by fighting economic","title":"What Is to Be Done?"},{"docid":"2599625","text":"23 years of age allowed in the squad).\" Argentina has won 6 of the 14 football competitions at the Pan American Games, winning in 1951, 1955, 1959, 1971, 1995 and 2003. Argentina have a long and fierce rivalry with their South American neighbours. With a rivalry stemming from the 1966 World Cup and intensified by the Falklands War of 1982, Argentina and England have had numerous confrontations in World Cup tournaments. Among them was the quarter-final match in 1986, where Diego Maradona scored two goals against England. The first was a handball, but was ruled legal by the referee. The","title":"Argentina national football team"},{"docid":"17784679","text":"Lacroze de Fortabat and her executor, Congressman Alfonso Prat-Gay; former YPF head Sebastián Eskenazi; and the late television host Bernardo Neustadt. During his testimony, he described how he helped clients move funds to offshore accounts (mainly in Switzerland), using private banking offices and legal loopholes. He stated that around US$85 billion had been transferred from Argentina to around 4,000 such accounts as part of a massive scheme that began in 2000, resulting in tax evasion losses of 60 billion pesos (US$7 billion); with the sole exception of Banco Credicoop, all 60 major banks in Argentina, including several local offices of","title":"Corruption in Argentina"},{"docid":"10157829","text":"singer for Queens Of The Stone Age and guitar player for Kyuss. In 2009, the creators of the video, and Samwell himself, claimed that a feature film called \"What What (In the Butt): The Movie\" was in the works. On November 12, 2010, Brownmark Films filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against MTV Networks, South Park Studios, and Viacom for their use of \"What What in the Butt\" in a 2008 \"South Park\" episode. In July 2011, a federal judge decided that South Park's use of the video fell under the fair use exception to copyright law, and thus the defendants","title":"What What (In the Butt)"},{"docid":"17513541","text":"what Lenin’s real views were\". Therefore, Lih argues, the word спонтанность, when translated as \"spontaneity\", distorts his views and has different contextual connotations; how конспирация does not mean \"conspiracy\", but \"the rules and procedures needed for an underground organisation to survive\"; тред-юнионизм does not mean \"trade unionism\", but non-revolutionary \"only trade unionism\"; and революционер по профессии should not be translated as \"professional revolutionary\". What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902.","title":"What Is to Be Done?"},{"docid":"9777004","text":"the Constitution, the issuance of paper money as legal tender would be unconstitutional, sending our economy into disarray.\" Regarding paper money, Nathaniel Gorham explained at the Constitutional Convention that he \"was for striking out\" an explicit power of Congress to issue paper money, but Gorham was also against \"inserting any prohibition.\" That is what ultimately happened at the Convention: language explicitly giving the federal government power to issue legal tender paper money was removed on a vote of 9–2, but an option allowing the issuance together with a prohibition against making it legal tender was not acted upon. Article I,","title":"Legal Tender Cases"},{"docid":"11285493","text":"herself or any other person to be registered as a voter, knowing that he or she or that other person is not entitled to registration. Existing law also makes it a crime to fraudulently vote or attempt to vote. This bill would provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of the California New Motor Voter Program in the absence of a violation by that person of the crime described above, that person’s registration shall be presumed to have been effected with official authorization and not the fault of that person. The","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States"},{"docid":"4464530","text":"\"All Our Kings Are Dead\" (2010), A Day to Remember's \"What Separates Me from You\" (2010), D.R.U.G.S.'s \"D.R.U.G.S.\" (2011), and The Amity Affliction's \"Chasing Ghosts\" (2012). All songs written by Finch. Personnel per booklet. Finch Additional musicians Production Citations Sources What It Is to Burn What It Is to Burn is the debut album by American post-hardcore band Finch. Finch originally formed under the name Numb with Nate Barcalow on vocals, Alex Linares on guitar, Derek Doherty on bass and Alex Pappas on drums. Guitarist Randy Strohmeyer was invited to join Finch after they witnessed him play with his band","title":"What It Is to Burn"},{"docid":"18948031","text":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"docid":"8350696","text":"age of eighteen who have ten years’ residency or more in the country. The provision for non-citizen voting appears in Article 64 of the Venezuelan Constitution of 1999, and has its constitutional roots in a 1983 Amendment to the previous Constitution of 1961. Right of foreigners to vote In most countries, suffrage, the right to vote, is generally limited to citizens of the country. Some countries, however, extend voting rights to resident non-citizens. Such voting rights extended to non-citizens are often restricted or limited in some ways, with the details of the restrictions or limitations varying from one country to","title":"Right of foreigners to vote"},{"docid":"16393688","text":"news sources, Fadiman investigates the many 'glitches' in voting procedures that result in literally millions of votes being potentially 'lost, miscounted or even deleted.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" wrote of the film that it was, \"tersely sobering documentary. Its provocative thesis is that the age of electronic voting machines has actually made election fraud easier. If that sounds like a conspiracy theory, it is. But \"Stealing America: Vote by Vote\" mounts its case with hardheaded numerical logic.\" Stealing America: Vote by Vote Stealing America: Vote by Vote is a 2008 documentary film directed by filmmaker, Dorothy Fadiman, which examines the state of","title":"Stealing America: Vote by Vote"},{"docid":"18948032","text":"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"docid":"7741141","text":"LATAM Argentina LATAM Airlines Argentina, formerly \"LAN Argentina\", is an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the LATAM Airlines Group. Prior to its acquisition by LAN Chile, the airline was known by its legal name, Aero 2000. LAN Argentina became an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance on April 1, 2007. The airline is owned by LATAM Airlines Group (49%) and Argentine investors (51%). On August 28, 2013, an Argentinean judge blocked the government's plan to break a long term lease of hangar space to LAN in Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, that was seen as vital","title":"LATAM Argentina"},{"docid":"15689841","text":"the first time U13 leagues were played over the winter in 2008. An U11 league will begin in the winter of 2009. The annual North v South three-day match is a domestic highlight, and was played for the 110th time in March, 2009. Argentina also receives a number of visiting teams on an annual basis, who compete against local clubs, schools and representative teams. Argentina's development programme looks to give opportunities and competition to every age group in the country, both domestically and internationally. On the domestic scene, Argentina has an U15 league and an U19 league. There is also","title":"Cricket in Argentina"},{"docid":"11777103","text":"be less likely to be the targets of repression (Villaflor de Vicenti and her fellow founders were murdered by the regime in 1977). Women's rights in Argentina progressed in significant ways following the return of democracy in 1983. President Raúl Alfonsín signed laws in 1987 both limiting \"Patria potestas\" (the latitude given to a father regarding his treatment of fellow household members, particularly children) and legalizing divorce, helping resolve the legal status of 3 million adults living in legal separation. The Argentine quota law signed by President Carlos Menem in 1991 provides that one-third of the members of both houses","title":"Women in Argentina"},{"docid":"8771015","text":"ruled that a 17-year-old had the legal right to go through the sex change process and have her legal documents changed to reflect the operation. In 2009, Marcela Romero won the legal right to have her identity changed, and was given an honorary title by the Government. She was awarded by the Honorable Congresswoman of the year. Romero remains one of the leading advocates for the human rights of transgender people in Argentina. In 2012, senators unanimously approved the \"Gender Identity Law\". This law grants adults sex reassignment surgery and hormone therapy as a part of their public or private","title":"LGBT rights in Argentina"},{"docid":"11754732","text":"to burn the Star of David onto the bodies of Jewish prisoners. Ramon Camps, the Chief of Police in Buenos Aires, who allegedly kidnapped and tortured Jacobo Timerman, claimed that Zionists were enemies of Argentina and had a plan to destroy the country. This ideology was used as a pretext to implement illegal repressive methods to resolve what was referred to as \"the Jewish issue\". Antisemitism in daily life is widely apparent in Argentina. A prime example of this occurs regularly at the Atlanta association football club located in the Villa Crespo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, a district that has","title":"Racism in Argentina"},{"docid":"773503","text":"child pornography and restricting child access to age-inappropriate material. As Internet usage in Argentina increases, so do defamation, hate speech, copyright, and privacy issues. Argentina has strengthened intellectual property rights protections by drafting and updating laws and ratifying international agreements such as the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Since the 1997 presidential declaration regarding “Free Speech on the Internet” that guarantees Internet content the same constitutional protections for freedom of expression, Argentina has become a haven for neo-Nazi and race-hate groups around the region. In 2000 an Argentine appellate court affirmed a lower court's dismissal of a claim that a Yahoo! site","title":"Communications in Argentina"},{"docid":"11285501","text":"can currently vote in local elections: Right of foreigners to vote in the United States The right of foreigners to vote in the United States has historically been a contentious issue. A foreigner, in this context, is an alien or a person who is not a citizen of the United States. Since enactment of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, federal law has prohibited noncitizens from voting in federal elections, punishing them by fines, imprisonment, inadmissibility, and deportation. Exempt from punishment is any noncitizen who \"reasonably believed at the time of voting (...) that he or","title":"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583729\",\n \"text\": \"is already common, but NHTSA spokeswoman Evelyn Avant believes that lowering the drinking age would lead to even more alcohol use among young people. Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583718\",\n \"text\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United States, the legal drinking age is currently 21. Other countries have raised the prices of alcohol and encouraged the general public to drink less. Having a legal drinking age of 21 allows for the hope that drinking would become less reckless and the people drinking would be more mature to make reasonable decisions when it comes to alcohol consumption. A survey of Australian college students demonstrated that they and other students witnessed blackouts during parties with alcohol consumption and around\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19108099\",\n \"text\": \"Ballotage in Argentina The ballotage system is included in the Constitution of Argentina. It was added by the 1994 amendment, as part of the negotiations between Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem. Most countries with a two-round system require a candidate to win at least 50 percent of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. In Argentina, however, a candidate does not need a majority for a first-round victory. Instead, a candidate can win outright if he wins at least 45 percent of the vote, or wins 40 to 44 percent of the vote and is at\",\n \"title\": \"Ballotage in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809821\",\n \"text\": \"Legal drinking age The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary between different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19001727\",\n \"text\": \"Lorne. \\\"The Politics of Imagination\\\" (review of \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\") 47 University of Toronto Law Journal 523 (1997) Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\". Verso Books, 1996. Waldron, Jeremy. \\\"Dirty Little Secret\\\" (review of \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\"), 98 Columbia Law Review 510 (1998). What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in\",\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16691649\",\n \"text\": \"party to it to prevent and combat human trafficking and to assist and protect the victims of it. It also encourages countries to cooperate among themselves to achieve these objectives. In Argentina this crime is punishable by law. There are many laws that cover this problem, but the crime continues to occur. An important legal development in this area was the enactment of law number 26.364, which tries to achieve what this international protocol seeks and provides penalties of 3 to 15 years in prison. Despite being a serious felony, in Argentina there are no official statistics on this crime,\",\n \"title\": \"Human trafficking in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18669810\",\n \"text\": \"the late 1940s. After the Peronist Feminist Party was founded, twice the number of women were allowed to attend university. With the set up of the Peronist Feminist Party, women's centres were set up in poor Argentinian neighbourhoods. These centres provided a wide range of services including medical, legal and social services. At the time of the party's founding, women were largely absent from the political process in Argentina and were not allowed to vote. In the first elections (in 1951) in which women could run for office, 24 were elected to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies, all Peronists. Also,\",\n \"title\": \"Feminism in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19001726\",\n \"text\": \"legal institutions rest,\\\" one that may \\\"facilitate transforming those institutions into more emancipatory forms.\\\" Sossin notes that Unger would add \\\"prophecy\\\" and \\\"vision\\\" to the pursuits of critical theory. Sossin concludes that \\\"\\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\" is in many ways an illustration of Unger practicing what he preaches—reinventing and recombining ideas and elements of his previous thought into a reinvigorated critique. His analysis never fails to engage, though ... it does leave important questions unanswered.\\\" Kar, Robin Bradley. \\\"Legal Analysis and the Perversions of Theory (review of \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\"), 106 Yale Law Journal 2685 (1997) Sossin,\",\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285492\",\n \"text\": \"year, will not be offered the option.\\\" Citizenship status is verified at the DMV when applying for a license. While voting as a noncitizen in a federal election carries legal penalties, California Assembly Bill No. 1461 removes legal ramifications from the State of California for individuals that accurately represent themselves and the DMV incorrectly registers the individual to vote, which means a failure on the DMV clerk or system to properly execute the process of verifying the voter registration information for the individual: \\\"Existing law makes it a crime for a person to willfully cause, procure, or allow himself or\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583721\",\n \"text\": \"ruled the Act was constitutional and the States still had the right to set their own drinking ages. However, the Federal Government can give the state a 10% penalty on highway funds if the state chooses to have their drinking age lower than 21. Not even a year later, all 50 states of the United States officially made 21 the minimum legal drinking age. MLDA-21 is not the only variable; the shift in demographics, increased enforcement, increased seat belt use, safer cars, increased parental monitoring and \\\"designated driver\\\" emphasis could also be a reason why after the age was raised,\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583722\",\n \"text\": \"motor vehicle incidents have decreased. Alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States, more than tobacco and illicit drugs. Although the purchase of alcohol by persons under the age of 21 is illegal, people aged 12–20 years old drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the US. Among the 14 million adults aged 21 or older who were classified as having alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year, more than 13 million had started using alcohol before age 21. Since 1984, when the National Minimum Drinking Age Act made the minimum legal\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18693646\",\n \"text\": \"Crime in Argentina Crime in Argentina is investigated by the Argentine police. In 2016, Argentina had a murder rate of 5.94 per 100,000. There were a total of 2,605 murders in Argentina in 2016. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \\\"New York Times\\\" article noted that \\\"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\\\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common among the private sector, and\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18693650\",\n \"text\": \"a victim’s home or workplace. In 2012, the Congress passed an anti femicide law imposing stricter penalties on perpetrators who kill their spouses, partners, or children as a consequence of gender based violence. Crime in Argentina Crime in Argentina is investigated by the Argentine police. In 2016, Argentina had a murder rate of 5.94 per 100,000. There were a total of 2,605 murders in Argentina in 2016. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina.\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19001721\",\n \"text\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become? What Should Legal Analysis Become? is a book by philosopher and politician Roberto Mangabeira Unger. First published in 1996, the book germinated from lectures Unger gave at Yale Law School, Columbia Law School, and the London School of Economics. In the book, Unger argues that in order to transform society to be more radically democratic, it is necessary to penetrate the specialized professions so that we can talk about, and imagine, institutions effectively. Unger focuses on the legal profession in this book, setting forth a vision of law as \\\"institutional imagination.\\\" He presents a program\",\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17784697\",\n \"text\": \"'Valijagate' scandal wherein Hugo Chávez was alleged to have funneled Venezuelan money for Cristina Kirchner's campaign, and Jorge Simeonoff for alleged collusion in contract negotiations for highway construction jobs. Corruption in Argentina Corruption in Argentina remains a serious problem. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \\\"New York Times\\\" article noted that \\\"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\\\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4733148\",\n \"text\": \"16% supported civil unions or other forms of legal recognition. Same-sex marriage in Argentina Same-sex marriage in Argentina has been legal since July 22, 2010. Argentina was the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the second in the Southern Hemisphere to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. It was the tenth country worldwide to allow same-sex marriage. In the first decade of the 21st century, civil unions ( or \\\"unión convivencial\\\") were made legal in four jurisdictions in Argentina: the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2002), the province of Río Negro (2003), the city of Villa Carlos\",\n \"title\": \"Same-sex marriage in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17784594\",\n \"text\": \"Corruption in Argentina Corruption in Argentina remains a serious problem. Argentina has long suffered from widespread and endemic corruption. Corruption remains a serious problem in the public and private sector even though the legal and institutional framework combating corruption is strong in Argentina. A 1996 \\\"New York Times\\\" article noted that \\\"payoffs, kickbacks and government corruption are considered part of everyday life\\\" in Argentina. Bribery and fraud are also found common among the private sector, and the lack of transparency in government regulations and laws has triggered an increased uncertainty among investors. Transparency International's 2017 Corruption Perception Index ranks the\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12435110\",\n \"text\": \"Office and the General Directorate for Social Security. AFIP establishes the relevant legal norms for the calculation, payment and administration of taxes: The tax year is the fiscal year which can be calendar year or another period covering 12 months. The administration of taxes functions on self-assessment system and the ruling is covered only by a binding consultation system. There is no ruling system for taxes in Argentina. Taxes in Argentina are levied on three levels: The main sources of state budget revenues in Argentina are: The following federal taxes are applied in Argentina: Regardless of the federal taxes in\",\n \"title\": \"Taxation in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19108101\",\n \"text\": \"first runoff voting ever held for an Argentine presidential election, opposition leader and Buenos Aires Mayor Mauricio Macri narrowly defeated FPV candidate and Buenos Aires Province Governor Daniel Scioli, with Macri obtaining 51.34% of the votes to Scioli's 48.66%. Ballotage in Argentina The ballotage system is included in the Constitution of Argentina. It was added by the 1994 amendment, as part of the negotiations between Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem. Most countries with a two-round system require a candidate to win at least 50 percent of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. In Argentina, however,\",\n \"title\": \"Ballotage in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18961738\",\n \"text\": \"Primary elections in Argentina Primary elections in Argentina are called PASO (which stands for \\\"Primarias Abiertas Simultáneas y Obligatorias\\\", ). They were established in 2011 by the law 26,571. With this system, all parties run primary elections in a same general elections. All parties must take part in it, both the parties with internal factions and parties with a single candidate list. Citizens may vote for any candidate of any party, but may only cast a single vote. Parties must also get 1.5% or higher of the vote to be allowed to run in the main elections. 149 minor parties\",\n \"title\": \"Primary elections in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19001724\",\n \"text\": \"positive suggestions are concerned, one is left frustrated by this book. The negative account of mainstream legal analysis is provocative, and the critique of its orientation to the courts is important and timely.\\\" Robin Bradley Kar contends that Unger's constructive program in \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\" is inconsistent with his negative criticisms of contemporary American legal interpretation. In his review of the book in the \\\"Yale Law Journal\\\", Kar argued that Unger's criticism of contemporary legal analysis rests on the idea that we should not rest our interpretations of law upon general \\\"policies of collective welfare and principles of\",\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12382132\",\n \"text\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 (c.50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applicable only in Scotland which replaced the pre-existing rule of pupillage and minority with a simpler rule that a person has full legal capacity, with some limitations, at the age of 16. Under the previous Scots law (derived from Roman law), a child to the age of 12 if female, or 14 if male, had legal status of \\\"pupil\\\" and was under legal control of an adult (usually parent or parents) deemed \\\"tutor\\\". From\",\n \"title\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15583724\",\n \"text\": \"and injury among adolescents. One-third of all car accidents among adolescents have to do with alcohol consumption. Some states have lower alcohol taxes and even made alcohol available to be purchased tax-free at state-owned stores to compete with Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Teen drinking in high school is down 23% since 1983 when the minimum legal drinking age was enacted and binge drinking is down 17%. Alcohol can cause problems throughout life, it is not only young adults that are affected, people into their sixties struggle with alcoholism. The movement of young adults from high school to college shows that\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age controversy in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19001722\",\n \"text\": \"for changing the nature of the legal profession so that less power is vested in legal professionals and institutions, and legal analysis is reoriented to be more egalitarian and advance more effectively the democratic project. Jeremy Waldron, reviewing \\\"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\\\" in the \\\"Columbia Law Review\\\", praised the book as an \\\"eminently readable\\\" text encompassing many of the same themes that Unger explored in his three-volume \\\"Politics: A Work in Constructive Social Theory\\\". Waldron notes that Unger's argument in the book has a negative and a positive side. Waldron finds the negative side of Unger's argument—in which Unger\",\n \"title\": \"What Should Legal Analysis Become?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4733133\",\n \"text\": \"Same-sex marriage in Argentina Same-sex marriage in Argentina has been legal since July 22, 2010. Argentina was the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the second in the Southern Hemisphere to allow same-sex marriage nationwide. It was the tenth country worldwide to allow same-sex marriage. In the first decade of the 21st century, civil unions ( or \\\"unión convivencial\\\") were made legal in four jurisdictions in Argentina: the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2002), the province of Río Negro (2003), the city of Villa Carlos Paz (2007), and the city of Río Cuarto (2009). Civil\",\n \"title\": \"Same-sex marriage in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5940819\",\n \"text\": \"Tennis in Argentina Tennis in Argentina is regulated by the \\\"Asociación Argentina de Tenis\\\" (Argentine Tennis Association), which also selects the coaches of the Argentine teams for the Davis Cup and Federation Cup. There are many tennis courts in Argentina, and the sport, even though still considered middle- to upper-class, is practiced by regardless of age. Although British immigrants brought the sport to Argentina, it was not until late in the 1970s that Guillermo Vilas' success made the sport popular, reaching second place in the 1975 ATP ranking. He was internationally recognised and was later included in the International Tennis\",\n \"title\": \"Tennis in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12382137\",\n \"text\": \"business, or where they misrepresented their age also cannot be reduced. There is also specific provision for persons having their birthday on 29 February; under section 6 they are treated as having their birthday on 1 March in every non-leap year for purposes of calculating their age. Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991 (c.50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom applicable only in Scotland which replaced the pre-existing rule of pupillage and minority with a simpler rule that a person has full legal capacity, with some limitations,\",\n \"title\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3510150\",\n \"text\": \"restrictions regarding matters such as the right to vote or stand for elective office, act as a judge, and many others. Age of majority can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license, which also pertains to the threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract way. As a legal term of art, \\\"license\\\" means \\\"permission\\\", and it can implicate a legally enforceable right or privilege. Thus, an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from government to do something. The age of majority, on the other hand, is\",\n \"title\": \"Age of majority\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11301237\",\n \"text\": \"Prostitution in Argentina Prostitution in Argentina (exchanging sex for money) is legal under Federal law. Article 19 of the constitution states: \\\"\\\"The private actions of people that do not offend in any way the public order and morality, nor damage a third person, are only reserved to God, and are exempt from the authority of the magistrates.\\\"\\\" Organised prostitution (brothels, prostitution rings and pimping) is illegal. In addition, individual provinces may place further restriction on the trade. For example in San Juan, publicly offering sex services for money if punishable by up to 20 days in jail. In 2012, newspapers\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2856349\",\n \"text\": \"sense used here, the German word \\\"Unmündigkeit\\\" does not mean having attained age of majority or legal adulthood. Literally translated, \\\"Unmündig\\\" is non-mouthed or not having a voice to raise. \\\"Unmündig\\\" also means \\\"dependent\\\" or \\\"unfree\\\", and another translation is \\\"tutelage\\\" or \\\"nonage\\\" (the condition of \\\"not [being] of age\\\"). Kant, whose moral philosophy is centred on the concept of autonomy, he distinguishes between a person who is intellectually autonomous and one who keeps him/herself in an intellectually heteronomous, i.e., dependent and immature status. Kant understands the majority of people to be content to follow the guiding institutions of society,\",\n \"title\": \"Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11301245\",\n \"text\": \"trafficked to urban centres from rural areas or are trafficked from neighboring countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and other countries such as Colombia, Dominican Republic, Russia, Venezuela, Romania and Haiti. Prostitution in Argentina Prostitution in Argentina (exchanging sex for money) is legal under Federal law. Article 19 of the constitution states: \\\"\\\"The private actions of people that do not offend in any way the public order and morality, nor damage a third person, are only reserved to God, and are exempt from the authority of the magistrates.\\\"\\\" Organised prostitution (brothels, prostitution rings and pimping) is illegal.\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19856224\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabis in Argentina Cannabis in Argentina is decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009. Public consumption is generally accepted among young adults. Consumption for medical purposes is accepted but not legislated (only in private locations). Cultivating, selling and transporting large amounts is illegal and punishable by present laws. Medical cannabis is legal in Chubut since September 23, 2016, and in Santa Fe since November 30, 2016. On March 29, 2017, the Argentine senate approved the medical use of CBD cannabis oil, and was promulgated on September 21, 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19856223\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabis in Argentina Cannabis in Argentina is decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009. Public consumption is generally accepted among young adults. Consumption for medical purposes is accepted but not legislated (only in private locations). Cultivating, selling and transporting large amounts is illegal and punishable by present laws. Medical cannabis is legal in Chubut since September 23, 2016, and in Santa Fe since November 30, 2016. On March 29, 2017, the Argentine senate approved the medical use of CBD cannabis oil, and was promulgated on September 21, 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2385261\",\n \"text\": \"Private and parochial universities are also abundant, numbering 46 among the active institutions and they enroll about a sixth of the collegiate student body (see University reform in Argentina and List of universities in Argentina). Summing up, over 1.5 million students attend institutions of higher learning in Argentina, annually (roughly half the population of college age). Argentina does not have a standard and common system of examination after high school, thus admission to universities is strictly defined by each university. Moreover, a steady degradation in primary and secondary education created a huge difference between the required level to enter a\",\n \"title\": \"Education in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19817376\",\n \"text\": \"2016. Disenchanted Republicans pair up with disenchanted Democrats and both vote for third party or independent candidates instead of voting for the two establishment parties. By forming this pact, the major-party candidates on both sides are deprived of one vote. This prevents the spoiler effect from happening. Individuals wishing to vote pact must find matches by themselves. VotePact has set up a Facebook page to help facilitate the process. One criticism of vote pairing is that vote pairing agreements are unenforceable, given the secret ballot, as well as the fact that vote pairing agreements are not legal contracts, and thus\",\n \"title\": \"Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5340068\",\n \"text\": \"Football in Argentina Association football is the most popular sport in the Argentine Republic and part of the culture in Argentina. It is the one with the most players (2,658,811 total, 331,811 of which are registered and 2,327,000 unregistered; with 3,377 clubs and 37,161 officials, all according to FIFA) and is the most popular recreational sport, played from childhood into old age. The percentage of Argentines that declare allegiance to an Argentine football club is about 90%. Football was introduced to Argentina in the later half of the 19th century by the British immigrants in Buenos Aires. The first Argentine\",\n \"title\": \"Football in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8770989\",\n \"text\": \"LGBT rights in Argentina Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Argentina are among the most advanced in the world. Upon legalising same-sex marriage on 15 July 2010, Argentina became the first country in Latin America, the second in the Americas, and the tenth in the world to do so. Following Argentina's transition to a democracy in 1983, its laws have become more inclusive and accepting of LGBT people, as has public opinion. Argentina also \\\"has one of the world's most comprehensive transgender rights laws\\\": its \\\"Gender Identity Law\\\", passed in 2012, allows people to change their legal gender\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12382134\",\n \"text\": \"as to when contracts did or did not require consent, and which were potentially reducible by court were complex. The age to enter into marriage was originally the age of minority, but this was raised to 16 years by the Age of Marriage Act 1929, and confirmed in the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977. Under the Age Legal Capacity Scotland Act 1991 the old rules and terms were replaced. The basic rule under the replacement regime is that under 16s have no legal capacity. This is qualified by section 2 which provides that under 16s can: 1) enter into a contract\",\n \"title\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19375004\",\n \"text\": \"people living in the UK. US citizens living abroad enjoy full voting rights, regardless of how long they have lived abroad. In addition, 36 states, plus the District of Columbia, allow US citizens who have never resided in the US to vote in the respective state based on where their parent or legal guardian was last registered. Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin The right of expatriates to vote in elections in their country of origin varies depending on the legislation of an expatriate’s country of origin. Some countries (such as France) grant their expatriate citizens\",\n \"title\": \"Right of expatriates to vote in their country of origin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19365127\",\n \"text\": \"or over, as prescribed by Articles 136, 143 and 150 of the Swiss Federal Constitution. A bill proposing granting foreign residents the right to vote in federal elections was submitted to the Federal Council on 4 October 2000 but was rejected on 4 October 2011. Under Article 36(1) of the Federal Constitution, the cantons have the power to grant political rights in cantonal and municipal elections which go beyond the minimum federal threshold (such as lowering the voting age and extending the right to vote to foreign nationals). The cantons also have the option to delegate these powers to the\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in Switzerland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19646676\",\n \"text\": \"recognized the basic legal rights of an orangutan named Sandra who was born in a zoo. An advocacy group filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus on Sandra's behalf, resulting in the court's declaration that the animal is a \\\"non-human person\\\". Animal welfare and rights in Argentina Animal welfare and rights in Argentina is about laws concerning and treatment of non-human animals in Argentina. Argentina has weak protections for animals by international standards. Argentina's Law 14246 (1954) prohibits cruelty toward animals. This does not include harm caused by failure to act, and it is not clear which animals\",\n \"title\": \"Animal welfare and rights in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3809822\",\n \"text\": \"minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks. Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Paraguay, Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada (certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea have the highest set drinking ages; however, some of these countries do not have off-premises drinking limits. Austria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Ethiopia, Gibraltar, Luxembourg\",\n \"title\": \"Legal drinking age\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11754715\",\n \"text\": \"classes which are referred to as \\\"negro\\\" and \\\"negra\\\" by other social groups. Negro is also one of the most common nicknames, with no offensive meaning. Paradoxically, the same racist ideology in Argentina that maintains that \\\"there are no negros (of African ancestry) in Argentina\\\" uses the word \\\"negro\\\" to designate a vaguely defined population made up of workers, poor people, internal migrants, Latin-American immigrants, and natives, without any more distinction. Víctor Ramos, the president of SOS Internacional, responded in the following manner when asked by a journalist what were the most common manifestations of racism in Argentina: An example\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12468684\",\n \"text\": \"If the much-younger target of affections is not of the legal age of consent, the term \\\"jailbait\\\" may be applied to them, with connotations cautioning against involvement. An older term for any licentious or lascivious man is a \\\"lecher\\\", and that term and its shortening of \\\"lech\\\" have become common to describe an elderly man who makes passes at much younger women. Age disparity in sexual relationships Age disparity in sexual relationships is the difference in ages of individuals in sexual relationships. Concepts of these relationships, including what defines an age disparity, have developed over time and vary among societies.\",\n \"title\": \"Age disparity in sexual relationships\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8771000\",\n \"text\": \"Gay-Lésbica Argentina\\\", and \\\"Transexuales por el Derecho a la Vida y la Identidad\\\". As these groups and many others became increasingly political and wanted institutional, legal change, they eventually came to a consensus in 2006: they needed to band together to create one uniform organization that would allow them to effectively create change. Thus came about the \\\"Federación Argentina de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Transexuales (FALGBT)\\\". Although influenced by the \\\"CHA\\\", the \\\"FALGBT\\\" was different: it was particularly focused on legalizing same-sex marriage; it is considered an \\\"umbrella organization\\\", and therefore is less centralized; and is more concerned with issues\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12382135\",\n \"text\": \"of a kind commonly entered into by persons of their age group, and on terms which are not unreasonable; 2) from age 12, make a Will, and are deemed to have capacity to instruct a lawyer to act on their behalf. The right to consent to an adoption was also subsequently inserted into this section by the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. In all other cases the legal Guardian of the under 16 has legal right to deal with all contractual and consent matters on the child's behalf. From age 16 a person has full legal capacity to enter into any\",\n \"title\": \"Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13620438\",\n \"text\": \"Legal objections to pornography in the United States In the United States, distribution of \\\"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\\\" materials is a federal crime. The determination of what is \\\"obscene, lewd, lascivious, or filthy\\\" is up to a jury in a trial, which must apply the Miller test; however, due to the prominence of pornography in most communities most pornographic materials are not considered \\\"patently offensive\\\" in the Miller test. In 1967, Denmark decriminalized pornography with few adverse effects, and the following year, the United States Supreme Court held that people could view whatever they wished in the privacy of\",\n \"title\": \"Legal objections to pornography in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13983726\",\n \"text\": \"vote as many times as they could even in the same election. While this practice was once legal in certain countries under certain limited circumstances (for example, some British voters were formerly allowed to vote both in their own geographical constituency and a special university constituency), it is now strictly prohibited in all liberal democracies. Most modern democratic electoral processes are operated on a one person, one vote basis. As such, voting often (on one day) would suggest that the person is illegally voting as more than one person – a person with multiple voter registrations. The extra registrations might\",\n \"title\": \"Vote early and vote often\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17513535\",\n \"text\": \"What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902. Lenin said that the article represented \\\"a skeleton plan to be developed in greater detail in a pamphlet now in preparation for print\\\". Its title is inspired by the novel of the same name by the 19th century Russian revolutionary Nikolai Chernyshevsky. In \\\"What Is to Be Done?\\\", Lenin argues that the working class will not spontaneously become political simply by fighting economic\",\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2599625\",\n \"text\": \"23 years of age allowed in the squad).\\\" Argentina has won 6 of the 14 football competitions at the Pan American Games, winning in 1951, 1955, 1959, 1971, 1995 and 2003. Argentina have a long and fierce rivalry with their South American neighbours. With a rivalry stemming from the 1966 World Cup and intensified by the Falklands War of 1982, Argentina and England have had numerous confrontations in World Cup tournaments. Among them was the quarter-final match in 1986, where Diego Maradona scored two goals against England. The first was a handball, but was ruled legal by the referee. The\",\n \"title\": \"Argentina national football team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17784679\",\n \"text\": \"Lacroze de Fortabat and her executor, Congressman Alfonso Prat-Gay; former YPF head Sebastián Eskenazi; and the late television host Bernardo Neustadt. During his testimony, he described how he helped clients move funds to offshore accounts (mainly in Switzerland), using private banking offices and legal loopholes. He stated that around US$85 billion had been transferred from Argentina to around 4,000 such accounts as part of a massive scheme that began in 2000, resulting in tax evasion losses of 60 billion pesos (US$7 billion); with the sole exception of Banco Credicoop, all 60 major banks in Argentina, including several local offices of\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10157829\",\n \"text\": \"singer for Queens Of The Stone Age and guitar player for Kyuss. In 2009, the creators of the video, and Samwell himself, claimed that a feature film called \\\"What What (In the Butt): The Movie\\\" was in the works. On November 12, 2010, Brownmark Films filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against MTV Networks, South Park Studios, and Viacom for their use of \\\"What What in the Butt\\\" in a 2008 \\\"South Park\\\" episode. In July 2011, a federal judge decided that South Park's use of the video fell under the fair use exception to copyright law, and thus the defendants\",\n \"title\": \"What What (In the Butt)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17513541\",\n \"text\": \"what Lenin’s real views were\\\". Therefore, Lih argues, the word спонтанность, when translated as \\\"spontaneity\\\", distorts his views and has different contextual connotations; how конспирация does not mean \\\"conspiracy\\\", but \\\"the rules and procedures needed for an underground organisation to survive\\\"; тред-юнионизм does not mean \\\"trade unionism\\\", but non-revolutionary \\\"only trade unionism\\\"; and революционер по профессии should not be translated as \\\"professional revolutionary\\\". What Is to Be Done? What Is To Be Done? Burning Questions of Our Movement () is a political pamphlet written by the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (credited as N. Lenin) in 1901 and published in 1902.\",\n \"title\": \"What Is to Be Done?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9777004\",\n \"text\": \"the Constitution, the issuance of paper money as legal tender would be unconstitutional, sending our economy into disarray.\\\" Regarding paper money, Nathaniel Gorham explained at the Constitutional Convention that he \\\"was for striking out\\\" an explicit power of Congress to issue paper money, but Gorham was also against \\\"inserting any prohibition.\\\" That is what ultimately happened at the Convention: language explicitly giving the federal government power to issue legal tender paper money was removed on a vote of 9–2, but an option allowing the issuance together with a prohibition against making it legal tender was not acted upon. Article I,\",\n \"title\": \"Legal Tender Cases\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285493\",\n \"text\": \"herself or any other person to be registered as a voter, knowing that he or she or that other person is not entitled to registration. Existing law also makes it a crime to fraudulently vote or attempt to vote. This bill would provide that if a person who is ineligible to vote becomes registered to vote by operation of the California New Motor Voter Program in the absence of a violation by that person of the crime described above, that person’s registration shall be presumed to have been effected with official authorization and not the fault of that person. The\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4464530\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"All Our Kings Are Dead\\\" (2010), A Day to Remember's \\\"What Separates Me from You\\\" (2010), D.R.U.G.S.'s \\\"D.R.U.G.S.\\\" (2011), and The Amity Affliction's \\\"Chasing Ghosts\\\" (2012). All songs written by Finch. Personnel per booklet. Finch Additional musicians Production Citations Sources What It Is to Burn What It Is to Burn is the debut album by American post-hardcore band Finch. Finch originally formed under the name Numb with Nate Barcalow on vocals, Alex Linares on guitar, Derek Doherty on bass and Alex Pappas on drums. Guitarist Randy Strohmeyer was invited to join Finch after they witnessed him play with his band\",\n \"title\": \"What It Is to Burn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18948031\",\n \"text\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8350696\",\n \"text\": \"age of eighteen who have ten years’ residency or more in the country. The provision for non-citizen voting appears in Article 64 of the Venezuelan Constitution of 1999, and has its constitutional roots in a 1983 Amendment to the previous Constitution of 1961. Right of foreigners to vote In most countries, suffrage, the right to vote, is generally limited to citizens of the country. Some countries, however, extend voting rights to resident non-citizens. Such voting rights extended to non-citizens are often restricted or limited in some ways, with the details of the restrictions or limitations varying from one country to\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16393688\",\n \"text\": \"news sources, Fadiman investigates the many 'glitches' in voting procedures that result in literally millions of votes being potentially 'lost, miscounted or even deleted.\\\" \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" wrote of the film that it was, \\\"tersely sobering documentary. Its provocative thesis is that the age of electronic voting machines has actually made election fraud easier. If that sounds like a conspiracy theory, it is. But \\\"Stealing America: Vote by Vote\\\" mounts its case with hardheaded numerical logic.\\\" Stealing America: Vote by Vote Stealing America: Vote by Vote is a 2008 documentary film directed by filmmaker, Dorothy Fadiman, which examines the state of\",\n \"title\": \"Stealing America: Vote by Vote\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18948032\",\n \"text\": \"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7741141\",\n \"text\": \"LATAM Argentina LATAM Airlines Argentina, formerly \\\"LAN Argentina\\\", is an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina and a member of the LATAM Airlines Group. Prior to its acquisition by LAN Chile, the airline was known by its legal name, Aero 2000. LAN Argentina became an affiliate member of the Oneworld airline alliance on April 1, 2007. The airline is owned by LATAM Airlines Group (49%) and Argentine investors (51%). On August 28, 2013, an Argentinean judge blocked the government's plan to break a long term lease of hangar space to LAN in Aeroparque Jorge Newbery, that was seen as vital\",\n \"title\": \"LATAM Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15689841\",\n \"text\": \"the first time U13 leagues were played over the winter in 2008. An U11 league will begin in the winter of 2009. The annual North v South three-day match is a domestic highlight, and was played for the 110th time in March, 2009. Argentina also receives a number of visiting teams on an annual basis, who compete against local clubs, schools and representative teams. Argentina's development programme looks to give opportunities and competition to every age group in the country, both domestically and internationally. On the domestic scene, Argentina has an U15 league and an U19 league. There is also\",\n \"title\": \"Cricket in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11777103\",\n \"text\": \"be less likely to be the targets of repression (Villaflor de Vicenti and her fellow founders were murdered by the regime in 1977). Women's rights in Argentina progressed in significant ways following the return of democracy in 1983. President Raúl Alfonsín signed laws in 1987 both limiting \\\"Patria potestas\\\" (the latitude given to a father regarding his treatment of fellow household members, particularly children) and legalizing divorce, helping resolve the legal status of 3 million adults living in legal separation. The Argentine quota law signed by President Carlos Menem in 1991 provides that one-third of the members of both houses\",\n \"title\": \"Women in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8771015\",\n \"text\": \"ruled that a 17-year-old had the legal right to go through the sex change process and have her legal documents changed to reflect the operation. In 2009, Marcela Romero won the legal right to have her identity changed, and was given an honorary title by the Government. She was awarded by the Honorable Congresswoman of the year. Romero remains one of the leading advocates for the human rights of transgender people in Argentina. In 2012, senators unanimously approved the \\\"Gender Identity Law\\\". This law grants adults sex reassignment surgery and hormone therapy as a part of their public or private\",\n \"title\": \"LGBT rights in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11754732\",\n \"text\": \"to burn the Star of David onto the bodies of Jewish prisoners. Ramon Camps, the Chief of Police in Buenos Aires, who allegedly kidnapped and tortured Jacobo Timerman, claimed that Zionists were enemies of Argentina and had a plan to destroy the country. This ideology was used as a pretext to implement illegal repressive methods to resolve what was referred to as \\\"the Jewish issue\\\". Antisemitism in daily life is widely apparent in Argentina. A prime example of this occurs regularly at the Atlanta association football club located in the Villa Crespo neighborhood of Buenos Aires, a district that has\",\n \"title\": \"Racism in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"773503\",\n \"text\": \"child pornography and restricting child access to age-inappropriate material. As Internet usage in Argentina increases, so do defamation, hate speech, copyright, and privacy issues. Argentina has strengthened intellectual property rights protections by drafting and updating laws and ratifying international agreements such as the WIPO Copyright Treaty. Since the 1997 presidential declaration regarding “Free Speech on the Internet” that guarantees Internet content the same constitutional protections for freedom of expression, Argentina has become a haven for neo-Nazi and race-hate groups around the region. In 2000 an Argentine appellate court affirmed a lower court's dismissal of a claim that a Yahoo! site\",\n \"title\": \"Communications in Argentina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285501\",\n \"text\": \"can currently vote in local elections: Right of foreigners to vote in the United States The right of foreigners to vote in the United States has historically been a contentious issue. A foreigner, in this context, is an alien or a person who is not a citizen of the United States. Since enactment of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, federal law has prohibited noncitizens from voting in federal elections, punishing them by fines, imprisonment, inadmissibility, and deportation. Exempt from punishment is any noncitizen who \\\"reasonably believed at the time of voting (...) that he or\",\n \"title\": \"Right of foreigners to vote in the United States\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":277,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"278"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What country was formed in 1948?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"14040459","text":"states, is a matter of dispute but around 80 percent of the Arab inhabitants of what became Israel (half of the Arab total of Mandatory Palestine) left or were expelled from their homes. About 250,000–300,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled before the Israeli Declaration of Independence in May 1948, a fact which was named as a \"casus belli\" for the entry of the Arab League into the country, sparking the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The causes are also a subject of fundamental disagreement between historians. Factors involved in the exodus include Jewish military advances, destruction of Arab villages, psychological warfare, and","title":"1948 Palestinian exodus"},{"docid":"18910536","text":"had a training match, while visiting the United States Military Academy, against the Army Black Knights, winning 9–0. 1948–49 in Israeli football The 1948–49 season was the 1st season of competitive football in Israel, which was established towards the end of the previous season, and the 23rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate. As the newly formed Israel was in the midst of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most footballing activities were delayed until spring 1949. The competition started on 9 April 1949, with 16 teams competing in the first round. After the completion","title":"1948–49 in Israeli football"},{"docid":"18910533","text":"1948–49 in Israeli football The 1948–49 season was the 1st season of competitive football in Israel, which was established towards the end of the previous season, and the 23rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate. As the newly formed Israel was in the midst of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most footballing activities were delayed until spring 1949. The competition started on 9 April 1949, with 16 teams competing in the first round. After the completion of the quarter-finals, on 28 May 1949, two teams, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Maccabi Tel Aviv appealed their","title":"1948–49 in Israeli football"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"14040459\",\n \"text\": \"states, is a matter of dispute but around 80 percent of the Arab inhabitants of what became Israel (half of the Arab total of Mandatory Palestine) left or were expelled from their homes. About 250,000–300,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled before the Israeli Declaration of Independence in May 1948, a fact which was named as a \\\"casus belli\\\" for the entry of the Arab League into the country, sparking the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The causes are also a subject of fundamental disagreement between historians. Factors involved in the exodus include Jewish military advances, destruction of Arab villages, psychological warfare, and\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Palestinian exodus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18910536\",\n \"text\": \"had a training match, while visiting the United States Military Academy, against the Army Black Knights, winning 9–0. 1948–49 in Israeli football The 1948–49 season was the 1st season of competitive football in Israel, which was established towards the end of the previous season, and the 23rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate. As the newly formed Israel was in the midst of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most footballing activities were delayed until spring 1949. The competition started on 9 April 1949, with 16 teams competing in the first round. After the completion\",\n \"title\": \"1948–49 in Israeli football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18910533\",\n \"text\": \"1948–49 in Israeli football The 1948–49 season was the 1st season of competitive football in Israel, which was established towards the end of the previous season, and the 23rd season under the Israeli Football Association, established in 1928, during the British Mandate. As the newly formed Israel was in the midst of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most footballing activities were delayed until spring 1949. The competition started on 9 April 1949, with 16 teams competing in the first round. After the completion of the quarter-finals, on 28 May 1949, two teams, Maccabi Petah Tikva and Maccabi Tel Aviv appealed their\",\n \"title\": \"1948–49 in Israeli football\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18489000","text":"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships The 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the tenth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 18 teams and 131 individual runners contested this championship. The meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 22, 1948, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers). The team","title":"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships"},{"docid":"11372892","text":"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"11372888","text":"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"18489001","text":"national championship was won by the host Michigan State Spartans, their second overall. The individual championship was won by Robert Black, from Rhode Island State, with a time of 19:52.84, a new distance record. Black's four mile time, which replaced Greg Rice's 1938 time of 20:12.9, would remain in place until 1953. 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships The 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the tenth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until","title":"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships"},{"docid":"10526307","text":"What Was I Thinkin' \"What Was I Thinkin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in April 2003 as his debut single and the first from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song also became his first number one hit on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in September 2003. Bentley co-wrote \"What Was I Thinkin'\" with his record producer, Brett Beavers, and Deric Ruttan. The song is an up-tempo in which he recalls escaping one night with a \"beauty from south Alabama,\" named Becky while the narrator spends the","title":"What Was I Thinkin'"},{"docid":"10526312","text":"The video opens the night of the date when Bentley takes Becky back home. She asks if he would want to do it again, and though he is unsure, he reluctantly agrees. Throughout he is seen performing with his band. \"What Was I Thinkin'\" reached its peak position of number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week ending September 27, 2003. The song succeeded Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett's duet \"It's Five O'Clock Somewhere\" at this peak. What Was I Thinkin' \"What Was I Thinkin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music","title":"What Was I Thinkin'"},{"docid":"11090901","text":"What a Country! What a Country! is an American sitcom that aired in syndication from September 27, 1986 to May 23, 1987. It was based on the 1977-1979 British sitcom \"Mind Your Language\". The series was intended as somewhat of a showcase for comedian Yakov Smirnoff, whose catchphrase provided the show's title. \"What a Country!\" is set in a class of recent immigrants to the United States who are trying to pass the citizenship test. Their teacher, Taylor Brown (played by Garrett M. Brown) is an American English language teacher, while the students include Nikolai (a Russian taxi driver), Laszlo","title":"What a Country!"},{"docid":"20374244","text":"What Makes You Country What Makes You Country is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released on December 8, 2017 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \"Light It Up\", \"Most People Are Good\", \"Sunrise, Sunburn, Sunset\". and the title track. \"The Guardian\" reviewer Alexis Petridis rated the album 3 out of 5 stars, stating that \"you'd have a hard time arguing that \"What Makes You Country\" doesn't feature some pretty bulletproof songwriting. If it sounds like mainstream pop in a pickup truck, that's partly because the melodies and structure are","title":"What Makes You Country"},{"docid":"10251686","text":"liner notes Strings arranged by Dennis Burnside and performed by the Nashville String Machine. Contracted by Carl Gorodetzky. What This Country Needs What This Country Needs is a 1998 album released by country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was his first full studio album since switching from RCA Nashville to Lyric Street Records. The album includes three singles: \"For You I Will\", \"I'm Leaving\", and \"Her\", which respectively reached #6, #17, and #33 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. The track \"Sweetwater\" was originally recorded by McBride & the Ride on","title":"What This Country Needs"},{"docid":"10251685","text":"What This Country Needs What This Country Needs is a 1998 album released by country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was his first full studio album since switching from RCA Nashville to Lyric Street Records. The album includes three singles: \"For You I Will\", \"I'm Leaving\", and \"Her\", which respectively reached #6, #17, and #33 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. The track \"Sweetwater\" was originally recorded by McBride & the Ride on their 1993 album \"Hurry Sundown\", and by Greg Holland on his 1994 album \"Let Me Drive\". Amalgamated from","title":"What This Country Needs"},{"docid":"11090902","text":"(a retired Hungarian doctor), Ali (a Pakistani), Robert (the son of a deposed African king), Maria (a housekeeper working for a rich Beverly Hills family), Victor (a Hispanic in love with Maria), Yung Hi (a shy Japanese woman) and Sheikh El Hamid (an Arabian sheikh). Gail Strickland initially played the character of Principal Joan Courtney, though she was replaced by Don Knotts during the series' run. The series aired a total of 26 episodes before being canceled. What a Country! What a Country! is an American sitcom that aired in syndication from September 27, 1986 to May 23, 1987. It","title":"What a Country!"},{"docid":"20377687","text":"What Makes You Country (song) \"What Makes You Country\" is a song by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It is the fourth single from, and title track to, his sixth studio album \"What Makes You Country\". Bryan wrote the song with Dallas Davidson and Ashley Gorley. \"Taste of Country\" writer Courtney Carr described the song as \"an anthem of appreciation that celebrates the many, many different types of people who identify as country. In the song, Bryan makes it clear that we shouldn’t be worrying about what makes someone 'country'; rather, we should be celebrating our own unique lives.\"","title":"What Makes You Country (song)"},{"docid":"20374246","text":"Bryan his fourth US number-one album. The album has sold 336,900 copies in the US as of November 2018. In Australia, the album entered at number six on the ARIA Albums Chart, becoming his second to reach the top 10 there after \"Kill the Lights\" (2015). What Makes You Country What Makes You Country is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released on December 8, 2017 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \"Light It Up\", \"Most People Are Good\", \"Sunrise, Sunburn, Sunset\". and the title track. \"The Guardian\" reviewer Alexis","title":"What Makes You Country"},{"docid":"20377688","text":"The song is an anthem with a central theme of identifying with country lifestyles. Bryan performed the song at the 2018 telecast of the Country Music Association awards, with accompaniment from Lindsay Ell, Ashley McBryde, Chris Janson, Luke Combs, Jon Pardi, and Cole Swindell. What Makes You Country (song) \"What Makes You Country\" is a song by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It is the fourth single from, and title track to, his sixth studio album \"What Makes You Country\". Bryan wrote the song with Dallas Davidson and Ashley Gorley. \"Taste of Country\" writer Courtney Carr described the song","title":"What Makes You Country (song)"},{"docid":"12167402","text":"Now That's What I Call Country Now That's What I Call Country is a country music compilation album released on August 26, 2008. The album is the first in the (U.S.) Now! series to be composed exclusively of country music tracks. All of the tracks peaked inside the top 20 of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart, 16 of which were top 5 hits with 5 of those reaching number one. The album debuted at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart and peaked at number 7 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in September 2008. The \"Now That's What","title":"Now That's What I Call Country"},{"docid":"14157489","text":"time in public. 1948 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1948. The Nice Jazz Festival held annually since February 25, 1948 in Nice, on the French Riviera. Also in 1948, Louis Armstrong formed the first version of the Jazz All Stars with Jack Teagarden on trombone, Barney Bigard on clarinet, Dick Carey on piano, Sid Catlett on drums and Arvell Shaw on bass. Their music fits in with New Orleans revival. Louis Armstrong performed at the Jazz festival in 1948, where Suzy Delair sang \"C'est si bon\" by Henri Betti and André Hornez","title":"1948 in jazz"},{"docid":"14157488","text":"1948 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1948. The Nice Jazz Festival held annually since February 25, 1948 in Nice, on the French Riviera. Also in 1948, Louis Armstrong formed the first version of the Jazz All Stars with Jack Teagarden on trombone, Barney Bigard on clarinet, Dick Carey on piano, Sid Catlett on drums and Arvell Shaw on bass. Their music fits in with New Orleans revival. Louis Armstrong performed at the Jazz festival in 1948, where Suzy Delair sang \"C'est si bon\" by Henri Betti and André Hornez for the first","title":"1948 in jazz"},{"docid":"8715957","text":"1948 Newfoundland referendums The Newfoundland Referendums of 1948 were a series of two referendums to decide the political future of the Dominion of Newfoundland. Before the referendums, Newfoundland was in debt and went through several delegations to determine whether the country would join Canada, remain under British rule or regain independence. The voting for the referendums occurred on June 3 and July 22, 1948. The eventual result was for Newfoundland to enter Canadian Confederation. Newfoundland is the oldest settled region in what would become Canada but was the last to obtain either a local representative government or responsible government. In","title":"1948 Newfoundland referendums"},{"docid":"12167403","text":"I Call Country\" CD can also unlock free downloads for the following tracks: Now That's What I Call Country Now That's What I Call Country is a country music compilation album released on August 26, 2008. The album is the first in the (U.S.) Now! series to be composed exclusively of country music tracks. All of the tracks peaked inside the top 20 of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart, 16 of which were top 5 hits with 5 of those reaching number one. The album debuted at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart and peaked at","title":"Now That's What I Call Country"},{"docid":"15521991","text":"way. I feel like people get so confused and wrapped up in religious doctrine that sometimes a person can lose what the meaning is—if that makes any sense. We get so wrapped up in the doctrine of laws that we lose what the true meaning is, and that is to love your neighbor as yourself. That is kind of what this song is really about. It is more a Sermon-on-the-Mount song.\" Walker told \"Country France\", \"The material that was given to me to record is very different soundly. I wrote a few of the songs, I actually wrote a song","title":"Jesus Was a Country Boy"},{"docid":"11413536","text":"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"11413541","text":"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"11372889","text":"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"20374245","text":"up to the standard of the best stuff pumped out by Swedish hit manufacturers.\" A mixed-to-positive review came from \"Variety\" writer Chris Willman, who wrote that the album \"suggests that Bryan has zero interest in fixing what ain't broke. It's a 15-song guidebook to What Makes Him Successful, filled with good-time drinking, better-time sex, a little bit of family, and no particular sadness that can't be cured as soon as a certain ex-girlfriend texts back.\" \"What Makes You Country\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 108,000 album-equivalent units, of which 99,000 were pure album sales, giving","title":"What Makes You Country"},{"docid":"10650487","text":"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the","title":"What Happened Was"},{"docid":"15803669","text":"1948 Italian general election in Veneto The Italian general election of 1948 took place on 18 April 1948. The election was a triumph for Christian Democracy (DC), which won a thumping 60.5% throughout Veneto. The party did better in its traditional strongholds, Vicenza (71.8%), Padua (65.4%) and Treviso (64.9%). The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which formed a joint list named Popular Democratic Front (FDP), won just 23.9% of the vote. Apart from Rovigo, where the FDP gained 48.2%, many Socialist votes went to DC and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), an outfit formed","title":"1948 Italian general election in Veneto"},{"docid":"10840910","text":"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \"What I Was\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person","title":"What I Was"},{"docid":"11413537","text":"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \"What Was Lost\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \"What Was Lost\" is set in the city","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"18660880","text":"how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,","title":"What Was Before"},{"docid":"18660879","text":"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of","title":"What Was Before"},{"docid":"19421270","text":"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to","title":"What Was Said"},{"docid":"19421268","text":"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration","title":"What Was Said"},{"docid":"15701209","text":"unique and fleeting moment in time.\" Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 is an album from the \"Now!\" series released in the United States on June 14, 2011. Steve Leggett of Allmusic believes the fourth installment of the \"Now That's What I Call Country\" series proves that contemporary country radio is \"filling the void that used to be occupied by classic pop and rock songs.\" The value of this collection and others in the series is that they zero in on a very specific period of time, \"making a little","title":"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4"},{"docid":"15701208","text":"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 is an album from the \"Now!\" series released in the United States on June 14, 2011. Steve Leggett of Allmusic believes the fourth installment of the \"Now That's What I Call Country\" series proves that contemporary country radio is \"filling the void that used to be occupied by classic pop and rock songs.\" The value of this collection and others in the series is that they zero in on a very specific period of time, \"making a little music box of memories for that","title":"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4"},{"docid":"10840914","text":"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa","title":"What I Was"},{"docid":"16566926","text":"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \"Fionna & Cake\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\" vinyl record release \"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\" included \"I'm Just Your Problem\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566917","text":"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \"What Was Missing\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \"Door Jam\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \"What Was Missing\" was","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566912","text":"What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"11680657","text":"Dallas Country Club Dallas Country Club is a country club located in the town of Highland Park in Dallas County, Texas. It was established in 1896, purportedly by \"several men golfing on a cow patch in Oak Lawn.\" Tom Bendelow designed the golf course with the first round of golf being played in 1912. Golfers from the club, along with those from several other area clubs, formed the Dallas District Golf Association in 1948 to promote the game and tournament play in the area. The course was renovated by designer Jay Morrish. It is a par 70, 6,266-yard course. Dallas","title":"Dallas Country Club"},{"docid":"11372891","text":"from the \"Totally MAD\" CD-ROM collection of the magazine's run. In 1987, Andy Griffith made an appearance on \"The Tonight Show\" promoting his series, \"Matlock,\" in which he acted out the attorney Benjamin Layton Matlock, one of whose heroes was, presumably, Erle Stanley Gardner's Perry Mason. During the interview, guest host Bill Cosby told Griffith that he had purchased Griffith's recording of \"What It Was, Was Football.\" Cosby then told Griffith that he had performed it at school and received an A for his grade, much to Griffith's surprise and delight. In 1997, the monologue was made into a short","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"11489667","text":"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\" is a song written by Kye Fleming and Dennis Morgan, recorded by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. It was released in April 1981 as lead single from the album \"Barbara Mandrell Live\". It featured an uncredited guest appearance by country artist George Jones. The song reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in July 1981 and peaked at #14 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song was nominated for 1981 Single of the Year by both the CMA and","title":"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"},{"docid":"10650488","text":"stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \"Contrived\" and stating that \"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely","title":"What Happened Was"},{"docid":"15081473","text":"is defined in the XML specification as a well-formed XML document which also conforms to the rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD). According to JavaCommerce.com XML tutorial, \"Well formed XML documents simply markup pages with descriptive tags. You don't need to describe or explain what these tags mean. In other words a well formed XML document does not need a DTD, but it must conform to the XML syntax rules. If all tags in a document are correctly formed and follow XML guidelines, then a document is considered as well formed.\" An XML processor that encounters a violation of","title":"Well-formed document"},{"docid":"11489671","text":"career. The single helped her 1981 live album, \"Barbara Mandrell Live\" certify gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and also helped her win the Country Music Association's \"Entertainer of the Year\" award in 1981. I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\" is a song written by Kye Fleming and Dennis Morgan, recorded by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. It was released in April 1981 as lead single from the album \"Barbara Mandrell Live\". It featured an uncredited guest appearance by country artist George Jones. The song reached number one on","title":"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"},{"docid":"19818160","text":"which sticks out of Proctor's hip pocket) rather than tobacco. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Skits adapted from \"TV or Not TV\" This album was originally released on LP: It has been re-released on CD at least once: What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album) What This Country Needs is the second comedy album by the duo Proctor and Bergman of the Firesign Theatre. It was originally released in September 1975 on Columbia Records, and was among the Firesign Theatre's last Columbia albums, along with \"In the Next World, You're on Your Own\" and \"Forward Into The Past\". It was recorded from a","title":"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)"},{"docid":"19818158","text":"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album) What This Country Needs is the second comedy album by the duo Proctor and Bergman of the Firesign Theatre. It was originally released in September 1975 on Columbia Records, and was among the Firesign Theatre's last Columbia albums, along with \"In the Next World, You're on Your Own\" and \"Forward Into The Past\". It was recorded from a live performance at The Bottom Line which contained material adapted or re-used from their 1973 studio album \"TV or Not TV\", plus a few new sketches. The title is taken from a song Philip","title":"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)"},{"docid":"11489668","text":"ACM Awards organizations. \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\" was a song produced by Tom Collins. Mandrell recorded the song as a \"live\" performance; however the track was actually recorded in the studio with an audience applause track inserted over various sections of the song to fit into the context of the forthcoming live album. The song also featured an uncredited guest appearance on part of the chorus by country vocalist, George Jones. The song was released during a period of rapid growth in the popularity of country music related to a dance-focused form of the genre called neocountry","title":"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"},{"docid":"12344351","text":"is also referenced. EU Countries Specification: EN 1993-1-3 (same as Eurocode 3 part 1-3), Design of steel structures - Cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting. Each European country will get its own National Annex Documents (NAD). Germany Specification: German Committee for Steel Structures (DASt), DASt-Guidelines 016: 1992: Calculation and design of structures with thin-walled cold-formed members; In German Building Code: EN 1993-1-3: 2006 (Eurocode 3 Part 1-3): Design of steel structures – General rules – Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting; German version prEN 1090 2: 2005 (prEN 1090 Part 2; Draft): Execution of steel structures and aluminium","title":"Cold-formed steel"},{"docid":"11413540","text":"Was Lost\" was the winner in the first novel category of the Costa Book Awards. O'Flynn received a £5,000 prize. It was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. The Costa Book Awards' judging panel, chaired by Joanna Trollope, praised the novel for \"blending humour and pathos in a cleverly constructed and absorbing mystery.\" They described the novel as inventive, compelling, and poignant. \"What Was Lost\" was long-listed for the 2007 Man Booker Prize and the Orange Prize for Fiction. It was short-listed for the Guardian First Book Award. It won the Jelf Group First Novel Award","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"11489670","text":"Jones makes his guest performance and when Mandrell refers to Jones in the lyrics in the early part of the song. \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\" was released as Mandrell's second single of the year in mid 1981. The song became a major hit shortly after its release, reaching number one on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Songs chart on July 4 of that year. George Jones was never credited as a featured vocalist on the recording charts at the time of its release. It has since been considered to be one of Mandrell's signature recordings during her","title":"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool"},{"docid":"16566921","text":"cry because the songs featured in the episode were so full of emotion. \"Adventure Time\" composer, Tim Kiefer, played the instruments featured in the episode himself. To complement the tones of the bass and viola, he created percussion sounds with Game Boy loops, and then used an autochord for \"Princess Bubblegum's melodies\" to make \"pretty, melodic swoops to accompany BMO's rigid, robotic patterns, loops, and structures.\" \"What Was Missing\" first aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The episode was viewed by 2.185 million viewers and scored a 0.4 Nielsen rating in the 18–49-year-old demographic. This means it was","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566924","text":"get the show’s audience involved we got wrapped up by both fan conjecture and spicy fanart and went a little too far.\" Soon after, the video recap and the entire channel was pulled off of YouTube, although \"What Was Missing\" still airs during reruns. Seibert's decision to remove the video also proved controversial; \"Bitch\" magazine later wrote an article about how the episode \"handled female desire—female queer desire at that—in a subtle but complex way\", but that the removal of the recap and the studio's perceived treatment of the controversy was detrimental towards the acceptance of queer romance in children's","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566920","text":"inspired by an incident that Sugar had experienced with a former roommate. Although the two often fought, Sugar desperately wanted them to be friends despite not particularly liking her. Sugar transferred this situation onto Marceline, writing the song so that Marceline—while having issues with Princess Bubblegum—wanted to become her friend. \"My Best Friends in the World\" was written by Sugar as a celebration of the friendship she shared with her coworkers, especially her storyboarding partner, Muto. Ward later admitted on the commentary track for \"What Was Missing\" that, while he was editing the animatic for the episode, he started to","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566923","text":"\"subtext\". \"The A.V. Club\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \"emotional complexity\" lies \"beneath \"Adventure Time\"s weirdness\". \"What Was Missing\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \"Mathematical\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \"in trying to","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566922","text":"seen by 0.4 percent of all households aged 18 to 49 years old were watching television at the time of the episodes' airing. Tyler Foster of DVD Talk called the episode a \"highlight\" of the \"Fionna & Cake\" DVD. Specifically, he praised the song \"I'm Just Your Problem\", calling it both a \"fan favorite\" and \"significant as the moment I decided I was a fan\". Dana Piccoli of AfterEllen.com enjoyed the way the episode \"alluded to perhaps, more than platonic feelings between\" Princess Bubblegum and Marceline, as well as the fact that \"What Was Missing\" was underlined by potential lesbian","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"15521993","text":"conveyed in a melodic, refreshing, new way.\" For the week of July 10, 2004 the song debuted at #55. \"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is Walker's twenty-fifth Top 40 single on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. The song peaked at #31 on the chart week of September 25. Jesus Was a Country Boy \"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \"A Few Questions\". It peaked at #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles &","title":"Jesus Was a Country Boy"},{"docid":"19818159","text":"Proctor and Peter Bergman wrote, which parodies Vice President Thomas R. Marshall's famous quote, \"What this country needs is a good five-cent cigar\". The song says what this country needs is \"a good five-cent \"joke\"\". The album's cover art mimics a cardboard cigar box lid, with a painting of Proctor dressed as a field worker in jean overalls and a straw hat, with Bergman dressed in a suit as the plantation owner. Proctor holds up a wad of cash, while Bergman holds a handful of cigars. The picture provides another joke, as the crop appears to be marijuana (some of","title":"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)"},{"docid":"15521992","text":"called “Jesus Was A Country Boy”, it’s very different, kind of a bold statement.\" The male narrator explains that Jesus was a country boy because of the lifestyle Jesus lived which he compares to that of a \"country boy\". Dan MacIntosh of \"Country Standard Time\" wrote \"Walker is equally inept at theology, as this album's title track fails to help explain why bad things happen to good people, and \"Jesus Was A Country Boy\" isn't going to bring in any new converts.\" Cheryl Harvey Hill of \"Country Stars Online\" wrote that the song has \"A very powerful old message is","title":"Jesus Was a Country Boy"},{"docid":"16566916","text":"Jake joins in; the band disbands. Finn, dismayed at his friends' behavior, sings \"My Best Friends in the World\", bemoaning the fact that his friends are fighting. Bubblegum, Marceline, and Jake join in, and the four are able to open the door. Inside, Finn, Jake, and BMO reacquire their belongings. The group also finds a black rock T-shirt which they mistake to be Marceline's. However, it is revealed that it is Bubblegum's; it was a gift given to her by Marceline in the past. Finally the group turn to Marceline, asking what she had lost. When they realise she only","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"16566913","text":"this episode, Finn, Jake, Princess Bubblegum, and Marceline form a band in order to defeat the Door Lord and recover what the creature had stolen from them. Sugar noted that while the episode may appear to be about friendship, it is really about the power of telling the truth, as exemplified by the episode's songs. Episode composer Tim Kiefer played all of the conventional instruments himself, and used unique instruments, like a Game Boy, to make some of the loops heard in the episode. The episode was watched by 2.185 million people and caused a major controversy due to the","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"15521990","text":"Jesus Was a Country Boy \"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \"A Few Questions\". It peaked at #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \"CMT\", Walker stated \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\" was meant to be twofold—tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted","title":"Jesus Was a Country Boy"},{"docid":"15081474","text":"the well-formedness rules is required to report such errors and to cease normal processing. This policy, occasionally referred to as draconian, stands in notable contrast to the behavior of programs that process HTML, which are designed to produce a reasonable result even in the presence of severe markup errors in the spirit of Postel's law (\"Be conservative in what you send; be liberal in what you accept\"). The concept of a well-formed document allows for a better understanding of the fundamental construction of XML. It helps to clarify XML beyond the typical sense of it. For example, while most XML","title":"Well-formed document"},{"docid":"10840911","text":"narrative. The novel opens with the protagonist, Hilary, a sixteen-year-old boy arriving at a grim East Anglian boarding school in 1962 after being twice expelled from previous institutions. He has no interest in study, no aptitude for sports and a great dislike of both pupils and teachers. He compares the school to a prison and finds life there unbearable. While slacking on a school cross-country run, he meets Finn, who lives alone in a beachside shack and sustains himself by fishing and working at the market. Hilary thinks Finn has an ideal life, and admires and envies him. He begins","title":"What I Was"},{"docid":"10598101","text":"The Twangtrust. Ray's father, Ray Kennedy, Sr., who was the credit manager for Sears, formed the concept for the Discover Card, which was launched in 1985. He is married to Siobhan Maher Kennedy. Ray Kennedy (country singer) Ray Kennedy (born May 13, 1954) is an American country music artist. He has recorded two albums for Atlantic Records. His two Atlantic albums produced a total of four singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, with 1991's \"What a Way to Go\" being his only top 40 country hit, peaking at No. 10. Born in the New York city of Buffalo, Kennedy","title":"Ray Kennedy (country singer)"},{"docid":"11928427","text":"to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA. They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only. \"Thursday, June 10, 1948\" \"Friday, June 11, 1948\" \"Saturday, June 12, 1948 (morning)\" \"Saturday, June 12, 1948 (afternoon)\" 1948 U.S. Open (golf) The 1948 U.S. Open was the 48th U.S. Open, held June 10–12 at Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades, California, northwest of Los Angeles. Ben Hogan won the first of his four U.S. Open titles at the course that became known as \"Hogan's Alley,\" as it was his third win at","title":"1948 U.S. Open (golf)"},{"docid":"13518319","text":"reasons. East Germany 1947/48 at rsssf.com 1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft The Ostzonenmeisterschaft 1948 (English: Championship of the Eastern Zone) was the first championship in what was to become East Germany. It was played in a one-leg knock-out format with ten participating teams. Each of the five \"Länder\"—Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt—sent two representatives. The regional championships of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt were ended after the semi finals as by then two participants had been determined. The Ostzone champion was supposed to take part in the 1948 German championship, playing 1. FC Nürnberg in Stuttgart, but the team of SG Planitz was","title":"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft"},{"docid":"13518318","text":"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft The Ostzonenmeisterschaft 1948 (English: Championship of the Eastern Zone) was the first championship in what was to become East Germany. It was played in a one-leg knock-out format with ten participating teams. Each of the five \"Länder\"—Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt—sent two representatives. The regional championships of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt were ended after the semi finals as by then two participants had been determined. The Ostzone champion was supposed to take part in the 1948 German championship, playing 1. FC Nürnberg in Stuttgart, but the team of SG Planitz was not allowed to travel for political","title":"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft"},{"docid":"12578268","text":"Championship in the same calendar year. He was preceded by Gene Sarazen in 1922 and followed by Jack Nicklaus in 1980. Through 2016, Tiger Woods is the last to win both, in 2000, part of his \"Tiger Slam\" of four consecutive majors. The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1948 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days: \"Tuesday, May 25, 1948\" \"Morning\" \"Afternoon\" 1948 PGA Championship The 1948 PGA Championship was the 30th PGA Championship, held May 19–25 at Norwood Hills Country Club in St. Louis, Missouri. Ben Hogan won the match play championship, 7 &","title":"1948 PGA Championship"},{"docid":"11413539","text":"2004. Kurt is a security guard at Green Oaks. He has a sleeping disorder. Lisa is the deputy manager of a music store. She is unhappy because of the strange behaviour of her colleagues and customers and because of her relationship with her partner. She becomes friends with Kurt. A girl holding a soft toy is seen in a CCTV security monitor. Kurt and Lisa follow the girl through Green Oaks and investigate how she is connected to Green Oaks' unsettling history. It is revealed that both Kurt and Lisa have connections to the case of the missing girl. \"What","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"9471533","text":"stage. What Are We Doin' in Love \"What Are We Doin' in Love\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album \"Wild West\". \"What Are We Doin' in Love\" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song \"Every Time Fools Collide\" became a hit in 1978.","title":"What Are We Doin' in Love"},{"docid":"9471531","text":"What Are We Doin' in Love \"What Are We Doin' in Love\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album \"Wild West\". \"What Are We Doin' in Love\" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song \"Every Time Fools Collide\" became a hit in 1978. They","title":"What Are We Doin' in Love"},{"docid":"20331018","text":"SR West Country class 21C127 Taw Valley 21C127 Taw Valley is a Southern Railway West Country class 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive that has been preserved. It is presently operational at the Severn Valley Railway. 21C127 was built in April 1946 at the SR's Brighton Works and was named \"Taw Valley\", the name coming from the name of a river in Devon. She was originally allocated to Ramsgate followed by Exmouth Junction in 1947. In 1948 when British Railways was formed and the four pre grouping companys were merged into one she was renumbered from 21C127 to 34027. She was later","title":"SR West Country class 21C127 Taw Valley"},{"docid":"5919702","text":"What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \"Literature and Existentialism\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \"Les Temps modernes\", \"Situations I\" and \"Situations II\", essays \"What is Writing?\" and \"Why Write?\" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950. Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics","title":"What Is Literature?"},{"docid":"17009347","text":"1928, Mitchell left the faculty of City and Country and sold the buildings to the school. She organized what was eventually to be called the Bank Street College of Education. In 1935, City and Country, in conjunction with Bank Street, Little Red Schoolhouse, Walden, Hessian Hills, and Manumit formed the Associated Experimental Schools to coordinate cooperative buying and fund raising. The organization was abandoned by the end of the 1930s. Caroline Pratt was Principal of City and Country until she retired in 1945. She continued on as Principal Emerita until her death in 1954. Among Pratt's many contributions to education","title":"City and Country School"},{"docid":"14219947","text":"Hot Country Singles for the week of March 12, 1988. What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"The Heart of It All\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \"What She Is","title":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)"},{"docid":"10059179","text":"Gelber spoke of 'small deliveries from Czechoslovakia arriving by air [...] from April 1948 onwards' whereas various historians have argued that there was an unbalanced level of support in favor of Yishuv, given that the Palestinian Arabs did not benefit from an equivalent level of Soviet support. In any case, the embargo that was extended to all Arab states in May 1948 by the UN Security Council caused great problems to them. Arab leaders did what they possibly could to avoid being directly involved' in support for the Palestinian cause. At the Arab League summit of October 1947, in Aley,","title":"1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine"},{"docid":"17803693","text":"focus on the outfitting business and Bruce focuses on their Moose Lake operation. Canoe Country Outfitters Canoe Country Outfitters was formed in 1946 in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW). Bill Rom started the business and then sold it to Bob Olson Sr. (who had already worked there for 25 years) in 1975. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. They operate from two locations, one in downtown Ely, Minnesota, the","title":"Canoe Country Outfitters"},{"docid":"17803678","text":"of outfitting operations includes all entry points of Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest & Quetico Provincial Park, with a focus on those typically accessed from Ely, Minnesota. \"Canoe Country Outfitters\" (CCO) was formed in 1946 as \"Bill Rom's Canoe Country Outfitters\" in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. In an overview of larger outfitters in the US, a 1976 New York","title":"Canoe Country Outfitters"},{"docid":"17803677","text":"Canoe Country Outfitters Canoe Country Outfitters was formed in 1946 in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW). Bill Rom started the business and then sold it to Bob Olson Sr. (who had already worked there for 25 years) in 1975. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. They operate from two locations, one in downtown Ely, Minnesota, the other on Moose lake, about 20 miles east of Ely. Their current area","title":"Canoe Country Outfitters"},{"docid":"12185002","text":"Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Keith Miller was a member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948 and went undefeated in its 34 matches. This unprecedented feat by a Test side touring England earned the Australians the sobriquet \"The Invincibles\". Miller was an all-rounder: a right-arm opening fast bowler and a right-handed middle-order batsman. With Ray Lindwall, he formed Australia's first-choice opening attack, a combination regarded as one of the best of all time. Miller was also a skillful slip fielder, regarded by his captain as the best in","title":"Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948"},{"docid":"525736","text":"labour was used for the construction of the facilities. Italy, although originally an Axis power, defected to the Allies in 1943 following Benito Mussolini being deposed, and was allowed to send athletes. The Soviet Union was invited but they chose not to send any athletes. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that each country contributed. These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1948 Summer Games, ranked by number of gold medals won. The host nation was 12th, with 23 medals, including three golds. 1948 Summer Olympics The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as","title":"1948 Summer Olympics"},{"docid":"6596969","text":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968, a chart hit for Kenny Rogers and the First Edition. Said to reflect the glue sniffing experience, the song was intended to be a warning about the dangers of using the drug. First recorded on October 10, 1967, by Teddy Hill & the Southern Soul as a single on Rice Records (Rice 5028 b/w \"Stagger Lee\") and produced by Norro Wilson, Jerry Lee Lewis covered the","title":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)"},{"docid":"19334529","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"docid":"19334526","text":"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \"New Eyes\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The","title":"What We Do in Secret"},{"docid":"5076094","text":"Hassett, Neil Harvey and Sid Barnes, and the hostile fast bowling of Ray Lindwall, Keith Miller and Bill Johnston. Due to the popularity of Bradman, generally regarded as the greatest batsman of all time, and the fact that he had announced that it was his farewell international tour, the Australians were greeted with much fanfare across the country, and many records for match attendances were broken. The record for Test attendance at a match in England was broken three times, in the Second, Third and Fourth Tests, and stands to this day. The 1948 Australian team has great significance in","title":"Australian cricket team in England in 1948"},{"docid":"525677","text":"1948 Winter Olympics The 1948 Winter Olympics, officially known as the V Olympic Winter Games (; ; ; ), was a winter multi-sport event celebrated in 1948 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The Games were the first to be celebrated after World War II; it had been 12 years since the last Winter Games in 1936. From the selection of a host city in a neutral country to the exclusion of Japan and Germany, the political atmosphere of the post-war world was inescapable during the Games. The organizing committee faced several challenges due to the lack of financial and human resources","title":"1948 Winter Olympics"},{"docid":"14219946","text":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"The Heart of It All\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" debuted on the U.S. \"Billboard\"","title":"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)"},{"docid":"4385736","text":"1948 Atlantic hurricane season The 1948 Atlantic hurricane season featured the first tropical cyclone before the month of June since 1940. The season officially began on June 15, 1948, and lasted until November 15, 1948. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. There were 10 tropical cyclones; six storms attained hurricane status, and four storms intensified into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Operationally, it was believed that a weak tropical disturbance formed over the southeast Bahamas in May and","title":"1948 Atlantic hurricane season"},{"docid":"6596972","text":"\"Procrastinated Memoirs\" April 2018. Their version of the song brings out a hard more grungy sound while adding touches of mainstream influence to build and bring back a classic song that had such impact for its time. Their version of the song has already been making and name while reaching a new audience in the new millennial generation. The First Edition version appears in the following: Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968,","title":"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)"},{"docid":"9771748","text":"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \"The Best\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \"Iron Lady\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \"A Life That's Good\". What You Get Is What You See \"What You Get Is What You See\" is a song by recording","title":"What You Get Is What You See"},{"docid":"6254436","text":"four model years later (1950). 1947<br> During the 1947 model year, the 1947 Town & Country 4-door sedan and the 1947 2-door convertible each carried over with just a few improvements over the previous model year (1946). 1948<br> During the 1948 model year, while the 1948 Town & Country 4-door sedan was in its last model year of production ever after only a three-model-year production run (since the 1946 model year), the 1948 Town & Count]] 2-door convertible carried over with just very few improvements over the previous model year (1947). 1949<br> The 1949 Town & Country 2-door convertible, which","title":"Chrysler Town & Country (1941–1988)"},{"docid":"12904187","text":"listed here. Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Don Bradman toured England in 1948 with an Australian cricket team that went undefeated in their 34 tour matches, including the five Ashes Tests. Bradman was the captain, one of three selectors, and overall a dominant figure of what was regarded as one of the finest teams of all time, earning the sobriquet \"The Invincibles\". Generally regarded as the greatest batsman in the history of cricket, the right-handed Bradman played in all five Tests as captain at No. 3. Bradman was more influential than other Australian captains","title":"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948"},{"docid":"12904089","text":"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Don Bradman toured England in 1948 with an Australian cricket team that went undefeated in their 34 tour matches, including the five Ashes Tests. Bradman was the captain, one of three selectors, and overall a dominant figure of what was regarded as one of the finest teams of all time, earning the sobriquet \"The Invincibles\". Generally regarded as the greatest batsman in the history of cricket, the right-handed Bradman played in all five Tests as captain at No. 3. Bradman was more influential than other Australian captains because he","title":"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948"},{"docid":"12811243","text":"Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Ray Lindwall was a key member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948. The Australians went undefeated in their 34 matches; this unprecedented feat by a Test side touring England earned them the sobriquet \"The Invincibles\". Lindwall played as a right-arm opening fast bowler and right-handed batsman in the lower middle-order. Along with Keith Miller, Lindwall formed Australia's first-choice pace duo, regarded as one of the best of all time, and Bradman typically used them in short and sharp bursts against the home batsmen.","title":"Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948"},{"docid":"5709152","text":"to have any better sense than its high-school heroine of just what it's looking for. At once underdramatized and faintly stagy, it keeps promising revelations that never quite materialize\". In her review for the \"Washington Post\", Rita Kempley wrote, \"What's meant to be a cohesive family portrait, a suffering American microcosm, is a shambles of threads dangling and characters adrift. Jewison leaves it to stymied viewers to figure out the gist of it\". In Country In Country is a 1989 American drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison, starring Bruce Willis and Emily Lloyd. The screenplay by Frank Pierson","title":"In Country"},{"docid":"10526308","text":"song constantly questioning \"what was I thinkin'\", being mesmerized by Becky into committing all manner of foolish activities. The night begins with Becky and the narrator sneaking out of her father's house but her father catches them leaving the property and shoots the tailgate of the truck on their way out with his shotgun. Shortly after they are caught in a police chase where the narrator drives his truck through a cornfield to escape, much to Becky's delight. Later into the night he encounters a large man with a \"Born to Kill\" tattoo whom he starts a fight with after","title":"What Was I Thinkin'"},{"docid":"10548208","text":"What If We Fall in Love? What If We Fall In Love is the only duet album by Crystal Gayle. All songs are performed by both Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. Three of its tracks found positions on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \"Makin' Up for Lost Time\", which reached the #1 position, \"Another World\", which was a #4 hit, and \"All of This and More\", which only rose to #26. The album itself rose to #25 on the Top Country Albums chart. It was released in November 1986. \"Another World\" became the theme song of","title":"What If We Fall in Love?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18489000\",\n \"text\": \"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships The 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the tenth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until 1973, all NCAA members were eligible. In total, 18 teams and 131 individual runners contested this championship. The meet was hosted by Michigan State College on November 22, 1948, at the Forest Akers East Golf Course in East Lansing, Michigan. The distance for the race was 4 miles (6.4 kilometers). The team\",\n \"title\": \"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372892\",\n \"text\": \"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372888\",\n \"text\": \"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18489001\",\n \"text\": \"national championship was won by the host Michigan State Spartans, their second overall. The individual championship was won by Robert Black, from Rhode Island State, with a time of 19:52.84, a new distance record. Black's four mile time, which replaced Greg Rice's 1938 time of 20:12.9, would remain in place until 1953. 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships The 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the tenth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Since the current multi-division format for NCAA championship did not begin until\",\n \"title\": \"1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10526307\",\n \"text\": \"What Was I Thinkin' \\\"What Was I Thinkin'\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Dierks Bentley. It was released in April 2003 as his debut single and the first from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song also became his first number one hit on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart in September 2003. Bentley co-wrote \\\"What Was I Thinkin'\\\" with his record producer, Brett Beavers, and Deric Ruttan. The song is an up-tempo in which he recalls escaping one night with a \\\"beauty from south Alabama,\\\" named Becky while the narrator spends the\",\n \"title\": \"What Was I Thinkin'\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10526312\",\n \"text\": \"The video opens the night of the date when Bentley takes Becky back home. She asks if he would want to do it again, and though he is unsure, he reluctantly agrees. Throughout he is seen performing with his band. \\\"What Was I Thinkin'\\\" reached its peak position of number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week ending September 27, 2003. The song succeeded Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett's duet \\\"It's Five O'Clock Somewhere\\\" at this peak. What Was I Thinkin' \\\"What Was I Thinkin'\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music\",\n \"title\": \"What Was I Thinkin'\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11090901\",\n \"text\": \"What a Country! What a Country! is an American sitcom that aired in syndication from September 27, 1986 to May 23, 1987. It was based on the 1977-1979 British sitcom \\\"Mind Your Language\\\". The series was intended as somewhat of a showcase for comedian Yakov Smirnoff, whose catchphrase provided the show's title. \\\"What a Country!\\\" is set in a class of recent immigrants to the United States who are trying to pass the citizenship test. Their teacher, Taylor Brown (played by Garrett M. Brown) is an American English language teacher, while the students include Nikolai (a Russian taxi driver), Laszlo\",\n \"title\": \"What a Country!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20374244\",\n \"text\": \"What Makes You Country What Makes You Country is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released on December 8, 2017 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \\\"Light It Up\\\", \\\"Most People Are Good\\\", \\\"Sunrise, Sunburn, Sunset\\\". and the title track. \\\"The Guardian\\\" reviewer Alexis Petridis rated the album 3 out of 5 stars, stating that \\\"you'd have a hard time arguing that \\\"What Makes You Country\\\" doesn't feature some pretty bulletproof songwriting. If it sounds like mainstream pop in a pickup truck, that's partly because the melodies and structure are\",\n \"title\": \"What Makes You Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10251686\",\n \"text\": \"liner notes Strings arranged by Dennis Burnside and performed by the Nashville String Machine. Contracted by Carl Gorodetzky. What This Country Needs What This Country Needs is a 1998 album released by country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was his first full studio album since switching from RCA Nashville to Lyric Street Records. The album includes three singles: \\\"For You I Will\\\", \\\"I'm Leaving\\\", and \\\"Her\\\", which respectively reached #6, #17, and #33 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. The track \\\"Sweetwater\\\" was originally recorded by McBride & the Ride on\",\n \"title\": \"What This Country Needs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10251685\",\n \"text\": \"What This Country Needs What This Country Needs is a 1998 album released by country music artist Aaron Tippin. It was his first full studio album since switching from RCA Nashville to Lyric Street Records. The album includes three singles: \\\"For You I Will\\\", \\\"I'm Leaving\\\", and \\\"Her\\\", which respectively reached #6, #17, and #33 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts in 1999. The track \\\"Sweetwater\\\" was originally recorded by McBride & the Ride on their 1993 album \\\"Hurry Sundown\\\", and by Greg Holland on his 1994 album \\\"Let Me Drive\\\". Amalgamated from\",\n \"title\": \"What This Country Needs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11090902\",\n \"text\": \"(a retired Hungarian doctor), Ali (a Pakistani), Robert (the son of a deposed African king), Maria (a housekeeper working for a rich Beverly Hills family), Victor (a Hispanic in love with Maria), Yung Hi (a shy Japanese woman) and Sheikh El Hamid (an Arabian sheikh). Gail Strickland initially played the character of Principal Joan Courtney, though she was replaced by Don Knotts during the series' run. The series aired a total of 26 episodes before being canceled. What a Country! What a Country! is an American sitcom that aired in syndication from September 27, 1986 to May 23, 1987. It\",\n \"title\": \"What a Country!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20377687\",\n \"text\": \"What Makes You Country (song) \\\"What Makes You Country\\\" is a song by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It is the fourth single from, and title track to, his sixth studio album \\\"What Makes You Country\\\". Bryan wrote the song with Dallas Davidson and Ashley Gorley. \\\"Taste of Country\\\" writer Courtney Carr described the song as \\\"an anthem of appreciation that celebrates the many, many different types of people who identify as country. In the song, Bryan makes it clear that we shouldn’t be worrying about what makes someone 'country'; rather, we should be celebrating our own unique lives.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Makes You Country (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20374246\",\n \"text\": \"Bryan his fourth US number-one album. The album has sold 336,900 copies in the US as of November 2018. In Australia, the album entered at number six on the ARIA Albums Chart, becoming his second to reach the top 10 there after \\\"Kill the Lights\\\" (2015). What Makes You Country What Makes You Country is the sixth studio album by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released on December 8, 2017 via Capitol Records Nashville. The album includes the singles \\\"Light It Up\\\", \\\"Most People Are Good\\\", \\\"Sunrise, Sunburn, Sunset\\\". and the title track. \\\"The Guardian\\\" reviewer Alexis\",\n \"title\": \"What Makes You Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20377688\",\n \"text\": \"The song is an anthem with a central theme of identifying with country lifestyles. Bryan performed the song at the 2018 telecast of the Country Music Association awards, with accompaniment from Lindsay Ell, Ashley McBryde, Chris Janson, Luke Combs, Jon Pardi, and Cole Swindell. What Makes You Country (song) \\\"What Makes You Country\\\" is a song by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It is the fourth single from, and title track to, his sixth studio album \\\"What Makes You Country\\\". Bryan wrote the song with Dallas Davidson and Ashley Gorley. \\\"Taste of Country\\\" writer Courtney Carr described the song\",\n \"title\": \"What Makes You Country (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12167402\",\n \"text\": \"Now That's What I Call Country Now That's What I Call Country is a country music compilation album released on August 26, 2008. The album is the first in the (U.S.) Now! series to be composed exclusively of country music tracks. All of the tracks peaked inside the top 20 of the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart, 16 of which were top 5 hits with 5 of those reaching number one. The album debuted at number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart and peaked at number 7 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 in September 2008. The \\\"Now That's What\",\n \"title\": \"Now That's What I Call Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14157489\",\n \"text\": \"time in public. 1948 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1948. The Nice Jazz Festival held annually since February 25, 1948 in Nice, on the French Riviera. Also in 1948, Louis Armstrong formed the first version of the Jazz All Stars with Jack Teagarden on trombone, Barney Bigard on clarinet, Dick Carey on piano, Sid Catlett on drums and Arvell Shaw on bass. Their music fits in with New Orleans revival. Louis Armstrong performed at the Jazz festival in 1948, where Suzy Delair sang \\\"C'est si bon\\\" by Henri Betti and André Hornez\",\n \"title\": \"1948 in jazz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14157488\",\n \"text\": \"1948 in jazz This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 1948. The Nice Jazz Festival held annually since February 25, 1948 in Nice, on the French Riviera. Also in 1948, Louis Armstrong formed the first version of the Jazz All Stars with Jack Teagarden on trombone, Barney Bigard on clarinet, Dick Carey on piano, Sid Catlett on drums and Arvell Shaw on bass. Their music fits in with New Orleans revival. Louis Armstrong performed at the Jazz festival in 1948, where Suzy Delair sang \\\"C'est si bon\\\" by Henri Betti and André Hornez for the first\",\n \"title\": \"1948 in jazz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8715957\",\n \"text\": \"1948 Newfoundland referendums The Newfoundland Referendums of 1948 were a series of two referendums to decide the political future of the Dominion of Newfoundland. Before the referendums, Newfoundland was in debt and went through several delegations to determine whether the country would join Canada, remain under British rule or regain independence. The voting for the referendums occurred on June 3 and July 22, 1948. The eventual result was for Newfoundland to enter Canadian Confederation. Newfoundland is the oldest settled region in what would become Canada but was the last to obtain either a local representative government or responsible government. In\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Newfoundland referendums\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12167403\",\n \"text\": \"I Call Country\\\" CD can also unlock free downloads for the following tracks: Now That's What I Call Country Now That's What I Call Country is a country music compilation album released on August 26, 2008. The album is the first in the (U.S.) Now! series to be composed exclusively of country music tracks. All of the tracks peaked inside the top 20 of the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Songs chart, 16 of which were top 5 hits with 5 of those reaching number one. The album debuted at number 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Country Albums chart and peaked at\",\n \"title\": \"Now That's What I Call Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15521991\",\n \"text\": \"way. I feel like people get so confused and wrapped up in religious doctrine that sometimes a person can lose what the meaning is—if that makes any sense. We get so wrapped up in the doctrine of laws that we lose what the true meaning is, and that is to love your neighbor as yourself. That is kind of what this song is really about. It is more a Sermon-on-the-Mount song.\\\" Walker told \\\"Country France\\\", \\\"The material that was given to me to record is very different soundly. I wrote a few of the songs, I actually wrote a song\",\n \"title\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413536\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413541\",\n \"text\": \"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372889\",\n \"text\": \"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \\\"What It Was...\\\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \\\"\\\"Deacon\\\" Andy Griffith.\\\" Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \\\"What It Was, Was Football\\\" was printed in \\\"Mad\\\" magazine in 1958,\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20374245\",\n \"text\": \"up to the standard of the best stuff pumped out by Swedish hit manufacturers.\\\" A mixed-to-positive review came from \\\"Variety\\\" writer Chris Willman, who wrote that the album \\\"suggests that Bryan has zero interest in fixing what ain't broke. It's a 15-song guidebook to What Makes Him Successful, filled with good-time drinking, better-time sex, a little bit of family, and no particular sadness that can't be cured as soon as a certain ex-girlfriend texts back.\\\" \\\"What Makes You Country\\\" debuted at number one on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 with 108,000 album-equivalent units, of which 99,000 were pure album sales, giving\",\n \"title\": \"What Makes You Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10650487\",\n \"text\": \"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \\\"What Happened Was...\\\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \\\"Siskel & Ebert\\\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \\\"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15803669\",\n \"text\": \"1948 Italian general election in Veneto The Italian general election of 1948 took place on 18 April 1948. The election was a triumph for Christian Democracy (DC), which won a thumping 60.5% throughout Veneto. The party did better in its traditional strongholds, Vicenza (71.8%), Padua (65.4%) and Treviso (64.9%). The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI), which formed a joint list named Popular Democratic Front (FDP), won just 23.9% of the vote. Apart from Rovigo, where the FDP gained 48.2%, many Socialist votes went to DC and the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), an outfit formed\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Italian general election in Veneto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10840910\",\n \"text\": \"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \\\"What I Was\\\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413537\",\n \"text\": \"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is set in the city\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18660880\",\n \"text\": \"how we choose to tell stories.\\\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18660879\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19421270\",\n \"text\": \"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19421268\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15701209\",\n \"text\": \"unique and fleeting moment in time.\\\" Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 is an album from the \\\"Now!\\\" series released in the United States on June 14, 2011. Steve Leggett of Allmusic believes the fourth installment of the \\\"Now That's What I Call Country\\\" series proves that contemporary country radio is \\\"filling the void that used to be occupied by classic pop and rock songs.\\\" The value of this collection and others in the series is that they zero in on a very specific period of time, \\\"making a little\",\n \"title\": \"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15701208\",\n \"text\": \"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4 is an album from the \\\"Now!\\\" series released in the United States on June 14, 2011. Steve Leggett of Allmusic believes the fourth installment of the \\\"Now That's What I Call Country\\\" series proves that contemporary country radio is \\\"filling the void that used to be occupied by classic pop and rock songs.\\\" The value of this collection and others in the series is that they zero in on a very specific period of time, \\\"making a little music box of memories for that\",\n \"title\": \"Now That's What I Call Country Volume 4\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10840914\",\n \"text\": \"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566926\",\n \"text\": \"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \\\"Fionna & Cake\\\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\\\" vinyl record release \\\"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\\\" included \\\"I'm Just Your Problem\\\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566917\",\n \"text\": \"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \\\"Door Jam\\\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566912\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \\\"Adventure Time\\\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11680657\",\n \"text\": \"Dallas Country Club Dallas Country Club is a country club located in the town of Highland Park in Dallas County, Texas. It was established in 1896, purportedly by \\\"several men golfing on a cow patch in Oak Lawn.\\\" Tom Bendelow designed the golf course with the first round of golf being played in 1912. Golfers from the club, along with those from several other area clubs, formed the Dallas District Golf Association in 1948 to promote the game and tournament play in the area. The course was renovated by designer Jay Morrish. It is a par 70, 6,266-yard course. Dallas\",\n \"title\": \"Dallas Country Club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372891\",\n \"text\": \"from the \\\"Totally MAD\\\" CD-ROM collection of the magazine's run. In 1987, Andy Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Tonight Show\\\" promoting his series, \\\"Matlock,\\\" in which he acted out the attorney Benjamin Layton Matlock, one of whose heroes was, presumably, Erle Stanley Gardner's Perry Mason. During the interview, guest host Bill Cosby told Griffith that he had purchased Griffith's recording of \\\"What It Was, Was Football.\\\" Cosby then told Griffith that he had performed it at school and received an A for his grade, much to Griffith's surprise and delight. In 1997, the monologue was made into a short\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11489667\",\n \"text\": \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool \\\"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\\\" is a song written by Kye Fleming and Dennis Morgan, recorded by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. It was released in April 1981 as lead single from the album \\\"Barbara Mandrell Live\\\". It featured an uncredited guest appearance by country artist George Jones. The song reached number one on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles chart in July 1981 and peaked at #14 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song was nominated for 1981 Single of the Year by both the CMA and\",\n \"title\": \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10650488\",\n \"text\": \"stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\\\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \\\"Contrived\\\" and stating that \\\"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\\\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15081473\",\n \"text\": \"is defined in the XML specification as a well-formed XML document which also conforms to the rules of a Document Type Definition (DTD). According to JavaCommerce.com XML tutorial, \\\"Well formed XML documents simply markup pages with descriptive tags. You don't need to describe or explain what these tags mean. In other words a well formed XML document does not need a DTD, but it must conform to the XML syntax rules. If all tags in a document are correctly formed and follow XML guidelines, then a document is considered as well formed.\\\" An XML processor that encounters a violation of\",\n \"title\": \"Well-formed document\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11489671\",\n \"text\": \"career. The single helped her 1981 live album, \\\"Barbara Mandrell Live\\\" certify gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and also helped her win the Country Music Association's \\\"Entertainer of the Year\\\" award in 1981. I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool \\\"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\\\" is a song written by Kye Fleming and Dennis Morgan, recorded by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. It was released in April 1981 as lead single from the album \\\"Barbara Mandrell Live\\\". It featured an uncredited guest appearance by country artist George Jones. The song reached number one on\",\n \"title\": \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19818160\",\n \"text\": \"which sticks out of Proctor's hip pocket) rather than tobacco. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Skits adapted from \\\"TV or Not TV\\\" This album was originally released on LP: It has been re-released on CD at least once: What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album) What This Country Needs is the second comedy album by the duo Proctor and Bergman of the Firesign Theatre. It was originally released in September 1975 on Columbia Records, and was among the Firesign Theatre's last Columbia albums, along with \\\"In the Next World, You're on Your Own\\\" and \\\"Forward Into The Past\\\". It was recorded from a\",\n \"title\": \"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19818158\",\n \"text\": \"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album) What This Country Needs is the second comedy album by the duo Proctor and Bergman of the Firesign Theatre. It was originally released in September 1975 on Columbia Records, and was among the Firesign Theatre's last Columbia albums, along with \\\"In the Next World, You're on Your Own\\\" and \\\"Forward Into The Past\\\". It was recorded from a live performance at The Bottom Line which contained material adapted or re-used from their 1973 studio album \\\"TV or Not TV\\\", plus a few new sketches. The title is taken from a song Philip\",\n \"title\": \"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11489668\",\n \"text\": \"ACM Awards organizations. \\\"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\\\" was a song produced by Tom Collins. Mandrell recorded the song as a \\\"live\\\" performance; however the track was actually recorded in the studio with an audience applause track inserted over various sections of the song to fit into the context of the forthcoming live album. The song also featured an uncredited guest appearance on part of the chorus by country vocalist, George Jones. The song was released during a period of rapid growth in the popularity of country music related to a dance-focused form of the genre called neocountry\",\n \"title\": \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12344351\",\n \"text\": \"is also referenced. EU Countries Specification: EN 1993-1-3 (same as Eurocode 3 part 1-3), Design of steel structures - Cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting. Each European country will get its own National Annex Documents (NAD). Germany Specification: German Committee for Steel Structures (DASt), DASt-Guidelines 016: 1992: Calculation and design of structures with thin-walled cold-formed members; In German Building Code: EN 1993-1-3: 2006 (Eurocode 3 Part 1-3): Design of steel structures – General rules – Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting; German version prEN 1090 2: 2005 (prEN 1090 Part 2; Draft): Execution of steel structures and aluminium\",\n \"title\": \"Cold-formed steel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413540\",\n \"text\": \"Was Lost\\\" was the winner in the first novel category of the Costa Book Awards. O'Flynn received a £5,000 prize. It was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. The Costa Book Awards' judging panel, chaired by Joanna Trollope, praised the novel for \\\"blending humour and pathos in a cleverly constructed and absorbing mystery.\\\" They described the novel as inventive, compelling, and poignant. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was long-listed for the 2007 Man Booker Prize and the Orange Prize for Fiction. It was short-listed for the Guardian First Book Award. It won the Jelf Group First Novel Award\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11489670\",\n \"text\": \"Jones makes his guest performance and when Mandrell refers to Jones in the lyrics in the early part of the song. \\\"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\\\" was released as Mandrell's second single of the year in mid 1981. The song became a major hit shortly after its release, reaching number one on the \\\"Billboard Magazine\\\" Hot Country Songs chart on July 4 of that year. George Jones was never credited as a featured vocalist on the recording charts at the time of its release. It has since been considered to be one of Mandrell's signature recordings during her\",\n \"title\": \"I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566921\",\n \"text\": \"cry because the songs featured in the episode were so full of emotion. \\\"Adventure Time\\\" composer, Tim Kiefer, played the instruments featured in the episode himself. To complement the tones of the bass and viola, he created percussion sounds with Game Boy loops, and then used an autochord for \\\"Princess Bubblegum's melodies\\\" to make \\\"pretty, melodic swoops to accompany BMO's rigid, robotic patterns, loops, and structures.\\\" \\\"What Was Missing\\\" first aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The episode was viewed by 2.185 million viewers and scored a 0.4 Nielsen rating in the 18–49-year-old demographic. This means it was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566924\",\n \"text\": \"get the show’s audience involved we got wrapped up by both fan conjecture and spicy fanart and went a little too far.\\\" Soon after, the video recap and the entire channel was pulled off of YouTube, although \\\"What Was Missing\\\" still airs during reruns. Seibert's decision to remove the video also proved controversial; \\\"Bitch\\\" magazine later wrote an article about how the episode \\\"handled female desire—female queer desire at that—in a subtle but complex way\\\", but that the removal of the recap and the studio's perceived treatment of the controversy was detrimental towards the acceptance of queer romance in children's\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566920\",\n \"text\": \"inspired by an incident that Sugar had experienced with a former roommate. Although the two often fought, Sugar desperately wanted them to be friends despite not particularly liking her. Sugar transferred this situation onto Marceline, writing the song so that Marceline—while having issues with Princess Bubblegum—wanted to become her friend. \\\"My Best Friends in the World\\\" was written by Sugar as a celebration of the friendship she shared with her coworkers, especially her storyboarding partner, Muto. Ward later admitted on the commentary track for \\\"What Was Missing\\\" that, while he was editing the animatic for the episode, he started to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566923\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"subtext\\\". \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \\\"emotional complexity\\\" lies \\\"beneath \\\"Adventure Time\\\"s weirdness\\\". \\\"What Was Missing\\\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \\\"Mathematical\\\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \\\"in trying to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566922\",\n \"text\": \"seen by 0.4 percent of all households aged 18 to 49 years old were watching television at the time of the episodes' airing. Tyler Foster of DVD Talk called the episode a \\\"highlight\\\" of the \\\"Fionna & Cake\\\" DVD. Specifically, he praised the song \\\"I'm Just Your Problem\\\", calling it both a \\\"fan favorite\\\" and \\\"significant as the moment I decided I was a fan\\\". Dana Piccoli of AfterEllen.com enjoyed the way the episode \\\"alluded to perhaps, more than platonic feelings between\\\" Princess Bubblegum and Marceline, as well as the fact that \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was underlined by potential lesbian\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15521993\",\n \"text\": \"conveyed in a melodic, refreshing, new way.\\\" For the week of July 10, 2004 the song debuted at #55. \\\"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" is Walker's twenty-fifth Top 40 single on the \\\"Billboard\\\" country singles charts. The song peaked at #31 on the chart week of September 25. Jesus Was a Country Boy \\\"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \\\"A Few Questions\\\". It peaked at #31 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles &\",\n \"title\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19818159\",\n \"text\": \"Proctor and Peter Bergman wrote, which parodies Vice President Thomas R. Marshall's famous quote, \\\"What this country needs is a good five-cent cigar\\\". The song says what this country needs is \\\"a good five-cent \\\"joke\\\"\\\". The album's cover art mimics a cardboard cigar box lid, with a painting of Proctor dressed as a field worker in jean overalls and a straw hat, with Bergman dressed in a suit as the plantation owner. Proctor holds up a wad of cash, while Bergman holds a handful of cigars. The picture provides another joke, as the crop appears to be marijuana (some of\",\n \"title\": \"What This Country Needs (Proctor and Bergman album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15521992\",\n \"text\": \"called “Jesus Was A Country Boy”, it’s very different, kind of a bold statement.\\\" The male narrator explains that Jesus was a country boy because of the lifestyle Jesus lived which he compares to that of a \\\"country boy\\\". Dan MacIntosh of \\\"Country Standard Time\\\" wrote \\\"Walker is equally inept at theology, as this album's title track fails to help explain why bad things happen to good people, and \\\"Jesus Was A Country Boy\\\" isn't going to bring in any new converts.\\\" Cheryl Harvey Hill of \\\"Country Stars Online\\\" wrote that the song has \\\"A very powerful old message is\",\n \"title\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566916\",\n \"text\": \"Jake joins in; the band disbands. Finn, dismayed at his friends' behavior, sings \\\"My Best Friends in the World\\\", bemoaning the fact that his friends are fighting. Bubblegum, Marceline, and Jake join in, and the four are able to open the door. Inside, Finn, Jake, and BMO reacquire their belongings. The group also finds a black rock T-shirt which they mistake to be Marceline's. However, it is revealed that it is Bubblegum's; it was a gift given to her by Marceline in the past. Finally the group turn to Marceline, asking what she had lost. When they realise she only\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566913\",\n \"text\": \"this episode, Finn, Jake, Princess Bubblegum, and Marceline form a band in order to defeat the Door Lord and recover what the creature had stolen from them. Sugar noted that while the episode may appear to be about friendship, it is really about the power of telling the truth, as exemplified by the episode's songs. Episode composer Tim Kiefer played all of the conventional instruments himself, and used unique instruments, like a Game Boy, to make some of the loops heard in the episode. The episode was watched by 2.185 million people and caused a major controversy due to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15521990\",\n \"text\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy \\\"'Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \\\"A Few Questions\\\". It peaked at #31 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \\\"CMT\\\", Walker stated \\\"Jesus Was a Country Boy\\\" was meant to be twofold—tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted\",\n \"title\": \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15081474\",\n \"text\": \"the well-formedness rules is required to report such errors and to cease normal processing. This policy, occasionally referred to as draconian, stands in notable contrast to the behavior of programs that process HTML, which are designed to produce a reasonable result even in the presence of severe markup errors in the spirit of Postel's law (\\\"Be conservative in what you send; be liberal in what you accept\\\"). The concept of a well-formed document allows for a better understanding of the fundamental construction of XML. It helps to clarify XML beyond the typical sense of it. For example, while most XML\",\n \"title\": \"Well-formed document\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10840911\",\n \"text\": \"narrative. The novel opens with the protagonist, Hilary, a sixteen-year-old boy arriving at a grim East Anglian boarding school in 1962 after being twice expelled from previous institutions. He has no interest in study, no aptitude for sports and a great dislike of both pupils and teachers. He compares the school to a prison and finds life there unbearable. While slacking on a school cross-country run, he meets Finn, who lives alone in a beachside shack and sustains himself by fishing and working at the market. Hilary thinks Finn has an ideal life, and admires and envies him. He begins\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10598101\",\n \"text\": \"The Twangtrust. Ray's father, Ray Kennedy, Sr., who was the credit manager for Sears, formed the concept for the Discover Card, which was launched in 1985. He is married to Siobhan Maher Kennedy. Ray Kennedy (country singer) Ray Kennedy (born May 13, 1954) is an American country music artist. He has recorded two albums for Atlantic Records. His two Atlantic albums produced a total of four singles on the Hot Country Songs charts, with 1991's \\\"What a Way to Go\\\" being his only top 40 country hit, peaking at No. 10. Born in the New York city of Buffalo, Kennedy\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Kennedy (country singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11928427\",\n \"text\": \"to qualify for the U.S. Open, but her application was rejected by the USGA. They stated that the event was intended to be open to men only. \\\"Thursday, June 10, 1948\\\" \\\"Friday, June 11, 1948\\\" \\\"Saturday, June 12, 1948 (morning)\\\" \\\"Saturday, June 12, 1948 (afternoon)\\\" 1948 U.S. Open (golf) The 1948 U.S. Open was the 48th U.S. Open, held June 10–12 at Riviera Country Club in Pacific Palisades, California, northwest of Los Angeles. Ben Hogan won the first of his four U.S. Open titles at the course that became known as \\\"Hogan's Alley,\\\" as it was his third win at\",\n \"title\": \"1948 U.S. Open (golf)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13518319\",\n \"text\": \"reasons. East Germany 1947/48 at rsssf.com 1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft The Ostzonenmeisterschaft 1948 (English: Championship of the Eastern Zone) was the first championship in what was to become East Germany. It was played in a one-leg knock-out format with ten participating teams. Each of the five \\\"Länder\\\"—Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt—sent two representatives. The regional championships of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt were ended after the semi finals as by then two participants had been determined. The Ostzone champion was supposed to take part in the 1948 German championship, playing 1. FC Nürnberg in Stuttgart, but the team of SG Planitz was\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13518318\",\n \"text\": \"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft The Ostzonenmeisterschaft 1948 (English: Championship of the Eastern Zone) was the first championship in what was to become East Germany. It was played in a one-leg knock-out format with ten participating teams. Each of the five \\\"Länder\\\"—Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt—sent two representatives. The regional championships of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt were ended after the semi finals as by then two participants had been determined. The Ostzone champion was supposed to take part in the 1948 German championship, playing 1. FC Nürnberg in Stuttgart, but the team of SG Planitz was not allowed to travel for political\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Ostzonenmeisterschaft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12578268\",\n \"text\": \"Championship in the same calendar year. He was preceded by Gene Sarazen in 1922 and followed by Jack Nicklaus in 1980. Through 2016, Tiger Woods is the last to win both, in 2000, part of his \\\"Tiger Slam\\\" of four consecutive majors. The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1948 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days: \\\"Tuesday, May 25, 1948\\\" \\\"Morning\\\" \\\"Afternoon\\\" 1948 PGA Championship The 1948 PGA Championship was the 30th PGA Championship, held May 19–25 at Norwood Hills Country Club in St. Louis, Missouri. Ben Hogan won the match play championship, 7 &\",\n \"title\": \"1948 PGA Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413539\",\n \"text\": \"2004. Kurt is a security guard at Green Oaks. He has a sleeping disorder. Lisa is the deputy manager of a music store. She is unhappy because of the strange behaviour of her colleagues and customers and because of her relationship with her partner. She becomes friends with Kurt. A girl holding a soft toy is seen in a CCTV security monitor. Kurt and Lisa follow the girl through Green Oaks and investigate how she is connected to Green Oaks' unsettling history. It is revealed that both Kurt and Lisa have connections to the case of the missing girl. \\\"What\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9471533\",\n \"text\": \"stage. What Are We Doin' in Love \\\"What Are We Doin' in Love\\\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album \\\"Wild West\\\". \\\"What Are We Doin' in Love\\\" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song \\\"Every Time Fools Collide\\\" became a hit in 1978.\",\n \"title\": \"What Are We Doin' in Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9471531\",\n \"text\": \"What Are We Doin' in Love \\\"What Are We Doin' in Love\\\" is a song written by Randy Goodrum and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West with the uncredited vocals of Kenny Rogers. It was released in March 1981 as the second single from the album \\\"Wild West\\\". \\\"What Are We Doin' in Love\\\" was the duo's third and final number one on the country chart. Since 1978, West and Rogers had been together as a duet partnership. Rogers revived the career of Dottie West when their song \\\"Every Time Fools Collide\\\" became a hit in 1978. They\",\n \"title\": \"What Are We Doin' in Love\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20331018\",\n \"text\": \"SR West Country class 21C127 Taw Valley 21C127 Taw Valley is a Southern Railway West Country class 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive that has been preserved. It is presently operational at the Severn Valley Railway. 21C127 was built in April 1946 at the SR's Brighton Works and was named \\\"Taw Valley\\\", the name coming from the name of a river in Devon. She was originally allocated to Ramsgate followed by Exmouth Junction in 1947. In 1948 when British Railways was formed and the four pre grouping companys were merged into one she was renumbered from 21C127 to 34027. She was later\",\n \"title\": \"SR West Country class 21C127 Taw Valley\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5919702\",\n \"text\": \"What Is Literature? What Is Literature? (), also published as \\\"Literature and Existentialism\\\",) is an essay by French philosopher and novelist Jean-Paul Sartre, published by Gallimard in 1948. Initially published in freestanding essays across French literary journals \\\"Les Temps modernes\\\", \\\"Situations I\\\" and \\\"Situations II\\\", essays \\\"What is Writing?\\\" and \\\"Why Write?\\\" were translated into English and published by the Paris-based literary journal Transition 1948. The English translation by Bernard Frechtman was published in 1950. Sartre attempts to devise an understanding of the effect literature has on those who are subjected to it. In the foreword Sartre addresses his critics\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Literature?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17009347\",\n \"text\": \"1928, Mitchell left the faculty of City and Country and sold the buildings to the school. She organized what was eventually to be called the Bank Street College of Education. In 1935, City and Country, in conjunction with Bank Street, Little Red Schoolhouse, Walden, Hessian Hills, and Manumit formed the Associated Experimental Schools to coordinate cooperative buying and fund raising. The organization was abandoned by the end of the 1930s. Caroline Pratt was Principal of City and Country until she retired in 1945. She continued on as Principal Emerita until her death in 1954. Among Pratt's many contributions to education\",\n \"title\": \"City and Country School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14219947\",\n \"text\": \"Hot Country Singles for the week of March 12, 1988. What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \\\"What She Is\",\n \"title\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10059179\",\n \"text\": \"Gelber spoke of 'small deliveries from Czechoslovakia arriving by air [...] from April 1948 onwards' whereas various historians have argued that there was an unbalanced level of support in favor of Yishuv, given that the Palestinian Arabs did not benefit from an equivalent level of Soviet support. In any case, the embargo that was extended to all Arab states in May 1948 by the UN Security Council caused great problems to them. Arab leaders did what they possibly could to avoid being directly involved' in support for the Palestinian cause. At the Arab League summit of October 1947, in Aley,\",\n \"title\": \"1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17803693\",\n \"text\": \"focus on the outfitting business and Bruce focuses on their Moose Lake operation. Canoe Country Outfitters Canoe Country Outfitters was formed in 1946 in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW). Bill Rom started the business and then sold it to Bob Olson Sr. (who had already worked there for 25 years) in 1975. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. They operate from two locations, one in downtown Ely, Minnesota, the\",\n \"title\": \"Canoe Country Outfitters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17803678\",\n \"text\": \"of outfitting operations includes all entry points of Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Superior National Forest & Quetico Provincial Park, with a focus on those typically accessed from Ely, Minnesota. \\\"Canoe Country Outfitters\\\" (CCO) was formed in 1946 as \\\"Bill Rom's Canoe Country Outfitters\\\" in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. In an overview of larger outfitters in the US, a 1976 New York\",\n \"title\": \"Canoe Country Outfitters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17803677\",\n \"text\": \"Canoe Country Outfitters Canoe Country Outfitters was formed in 1946 in Ely, Minnesota, to provide canoe trip outfitting services for Quetico Provincial Park and Superior National Forest and what was to become Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW). Bill Rom started the business and then sold it to Bob Olson Sr. (who had already worked there for 25 years) in 1975. At times they have been dubbed to be the largest canoe outfitter in the world. They operate from two locations, one in downtown Ely, Minnesota, the other on Moose lake, about 20 miles east of Ely. Their current area\",\n \"title\": \"Canoe Country Outfitters\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12185002\",\n \"text\": \"Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Keith Miller was a member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948 and went undefeated in its 34 matches. This unprecedented feat by a Test side touring England earned the Australians the sobriquet \\\"The Invincibles\\\". Miller was an all-rounder: a right-arm opening fast bowler and a right-handed middle-order batsman. With Ray Lindwall, he formed Australia's first-choice opening attack, a combination regarded as one of the best of all time. Miller was also a skillful slip fielder, regarded by his captain as the best in\",\n \"title\": \"Keith Miller with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"525736\",\n \"text\": \"labour was used for the construction of the facilities. Italy, although originally an Axis power, defected to the Allies in 1943 following Benito Mussolini being deposed, and was allowed to send athletes. The Soviet Union was invited but they chose not to send any athletes. The number in parentheses indicates the number of participants that each country contributed. These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1948 Summer Games, ranked by number of gold medals won. The host nation was 12th, with 23 medals, including three golds. 1948 Summer Olympics The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Summer Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6596969\",\n \"text\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \\\"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\\\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968, a chart hit for Kenny Rogers and the First Edition. Said to reflect the glue sniffing experience, the song was intended to be a warning about the dangers of using the drug. First recorded on October 10, 1967, by Teddy Hill & the Southern Soul as a single on Rice Records (Rice 5028 b/w \\\"Stagger Lee\\\") and produced by Norro Wilson, Jerry Lee Lewis covered the\",\n \"title\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19334529\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19334526\",\n \"text\": \"What We Do in Secret What We Do In Secret is an American Christian hardcore band from Memphis, Tennessee. They have toured with bands such as War of Ages, Phinehas, Silent Planet, Sleepwave, We Came As Romans, '68, For Today and Norma Jean. They have released two EPs. What We Do In Secret was formed in Memphis in March 2012 by Josh Adams, Drew Nance, Devin Harris and Nathan Moody. They recorded their first EP, \\\"New Eyes\\\", and released it on August 31, 2013. Moody left the band after this and was replaced by Clay Crenshaw and Austin Barnes. The\",\n \"title\": \"What We Do in Secret\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5076094\",\n \"text\": \"Hassett, Neil Harvey and Sid Barnes, and the hostile fast bowling of Ray Lindwall, Keith Miller and Bill Johnston. Due to the popularity of Bradman, generally regarded as the greatest batsman of all time, and the fact that he had announced that it was his farewell international tour, the Australians were greeted with much fanfare across the country, and many records for match attendances were broken. The record for Test attendance at a match in England was broken three times, in the Second, Third and Fourth Tests, and stands to this day. The 1948 Australian team has great significance in\",\n \"title\": \"Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"525677\",\n \"text\": \"1948 Winter Olympics The 1948 Winter Olympics, officially known as the V Olympic Winter Games (; ; ; ), was a winter multi-sport event celebrated in 1948 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The Games were the first to be celebrated after World War II; it had been 12 years since the last Winter Games in 1936. From the selection of a host city in a neutral country to the exclusion of Japan and Germany, the political atmosphere of the post-war world was inescapable during the Games. The organizing committee faced several challenges due to the lack of financial and human resources\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Winter Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14219946\",\n \"text\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love) \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \\\"The Heart of It All\\\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. \\\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\\\" debuted on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4385736\",\n \"text\": \"1948 Atlantic hurricane season The 1948 Atlantic hurricane season featured the first tropical cyclone before the month of June since 1940. The season officially began on June 15, 1948, and lasted until November 15, 1948. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. There were 10 tropical cyclones; six storms attained hurricane status, and four storms intensified into major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. Operationally, it was believed that a weak tropical disturbance formed over the southeast Bahamas in May and\",\n \"title\": \"1948 Atlantic hurricane season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6596972\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Procrastinated Memoirs\\\" April 2018. Their version of the song brings out a hard more grungy sound while adding touches of mainstream influence to build and bring back a classic song that had such impact for its time. Their version of the song has already been making and name while reaching a new audience in the new millennial generation. The First Edition version appears in the following: Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In) \\\"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\\\" is a counterculture era song written by Mickey Newbury and, in 1968,\",\n \"title\": \"Just Dropped In (To See What Condition My Condition Was In)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9771748\",\n \"text\": \"where in 1989 it was used in a campaign for the New South Wales Rugby League. They later used the Tina Turner song \\\"The Best\\\" in another campaign. The song has been covered many times including by Canadian country music group Straight Clean & Simple and a single for the band taken from their 1992 album \\\"Iron Lady\\\". It was also covered by Scottish / Irish country artist Lisa McHugh. Her cover appears in her 2014 album \\\"A Life That's Good\\\". What You Get Is What You See \\\"What You Get Is What You See\\\" is a song by recording\",\n \"title\": \"What You Get Is What You See\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6254436\",\n \"text\": \"four model years later (1950). 1947<br> During the 1947 model year, the 1947 Town & Country 4-door sedan and the 1947 2-door convertible each carried over with just a few improvements over the previous model year (1946). 1948<br> During the 1948 model year, while the 1948 Town & Country 4-door sedan was in its last model year of production ever after only a three-model-year production run (since the 1946 model year), the 1948 Town & Count]] 2-door convertible carried over with just very few improvements over the previous model year (1947). 1949<br> The 1949 Town & Country 2-door convertible, which\",\n \"title\": \"Chrysler Town & Country (1941–1988)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12904187\",\n \"text\": \"listed here. Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Don Bradman toured England in 1948 with an Australian cricket team that went undefeated in their 34 tour matches, including the five Ashes Tests. Bradman was the captain, one of three selectors, and overall a dominant figure of what was regarded as one of the finest teams of all time, earning the sobriquet \\\"The Invincibles\\\". Generally regarded as the greatest batsman in the history of cricket, the right-handed Bradman played in all five Tests as captain at No. 3. Bradman was more influential than other Australian captains\",\n \"title\": \"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12904089\",\n \"text\": \"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Don Bradman toured England in 1948 with an Australian cricket team that went undefeated in their 34 tour matches, including the five Ashes Tests. Bradman was the captain, one of three selectors, and overall a dominant figure of what was regarded as one of the finest teams of all time, earning the sobriquet \\\"The Invincibles\\\". Generally regarded as the greatest batsman in the history of cricket, the right-handed Bradman played in all five Tests as captain at No. 3. Bradman was more influential than other Australian captains because he\",\n \"title\": \"Don Bradman with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12811243\",\n \"text\": \"Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948 Ray Lindwall was a key member of Donald Bradman's famous Australian cricket team, which toured England in 1948. The Australians went undefeated in their 34 matches; this unprecedented feat by a Test side touring England earned them the sobriquet \\\"The Invincibles\\\". Lindwall played as a right-arm opening fast bowler and right-handed batsman in the lower middle-order. Along with Keith Miller, Lindwall formed Australia's first-choice pace duo, regarded as one of the best of all time, and Bradman typically used them in short and sharp bursts against the home batsmen.\",\n \"title\": \"Ray Lindwall with the Australian cricket team in England in 1948\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5709152\",\n \"text\": \"to have any better sense than its high-school heroine of just what it's looking for. At once underdramatized and faintly stagy, it keeps promising revelations that never quite materialize\\\". In her review for the \\\"Washington Post\\\", Rita Kempley wrote, \\\"What's meant to be a cohesive family portrait, a suffering American microcosm, is a shambles of threads dangling and characters adrift. Jewison leaves it to stymied viewers to figure out the gist of it\\\". In Country In Country is a 1989 American drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison, starring Bruce Willis and Emily Lloyd. The screenplay by Frank Pierson\",\n \"title\": \"In Country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10526308\",\n \"text\": \"song constantly questioning \\\"what was I thinkin'\\\", being mesmerized by Becky into committing all manner of foolish activities. The night begins with Becky and the narrator sneaking out of her father's house but her father catches them leaving the property and shoots the tailgate of the truck on their way out with his shotgun. Shortly after they are caught in a police chase where the narrator drives his truck through a cornfield to escape, much to Becky's delight. Later into the night he encounters a large man with a \\\"Born to Kill\\\" tattoo whom he starts a fight with after\",\n \"title\": \"What Was I Thinkin'\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10548208\",\n \"text\": \"What If We Fall in Love? What If We Fall In Love is the only duet album by Crystal Gayle. All songs are performed by both Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. Three of its tracks found positions on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \\\"Makin' Up for Lost Time\\\", which reached the #1 position, \\\"Another World\\\", which was a #4 hit, and \\\"All of This and More\\\", which only rose to #26. The album itself rose to #25 on the Top Country Albums chart. It was released in November 1986. \\\"Another World\\\" became the theme song of\",\n \"title\": \"What If We Fall in Love?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":278,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"279"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"How many tentacles do squids actually have?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18887745","text":"Han, Later Zhou, Later Shu, Song dynasty and Southern Tang). How Much Sorrow Do You Have How Much Sorrow Do You Have, also known as The Real Warrior in some countries, is a 2005 Chinese historical drama produced by Beijing HualuBaina Film & TV Co. It was first broadcast on China Television in Taiwan in August 2005. In mainland China it was first broadcast on CCTV-8 in 2006. The title is directly taken from a poem by Li Yu, the protagonist of the drama. Set in the 10th century, the story revolves around two monarchs: Zhao Kuangyin, conqueror extraordinaire and","title":"How Much Sorrow Do You Have"},{"docid":"18887743","text":"How Much Sorrow Do You Have How Much Sorrow Do You Have, also known as The Real Warrior in some countries, is a 2005 Chinese historical drama produced by Beijing HualuBaina Film & TV Co. It was first broadcast on China Television in Taiwan in August 2005. In mainland China it was first broadcast on CCTV-8 in 2006. The title is directly taken from a poem by Li Yu, the protagonist of the drama. Set in the 10th century, the story revolves around two monarchs: Zhao Kuangyin, conqueror extraordinaire and the first ruler of the Song dynasty, and Li Yu,","title":"How Much Sorrow Do You Have"},{"docid":"1368276","text":"released by other labels) by bands including The Dicks, 7 Seconds, and the Butthole Surfers. The early compilation titled \"Let Them Eat Jellybeans!\". Some of the best known bands that have released albums through Alternative Tentacles are Dead Kennedys, NoMeansNo, D.O.A. and Alice Donut. In addition to musical acts, Alternative Tentacles also publishes spoken word albums, many by Jello Biafra himself. Another common theme of Alternative Tentacles records over the years has been the artwork of Winston Smith, which has appeared on many of their records, catalogs, posters and shirts. Smith also designed the Alternative Tentacles logo. In the early","title":"Alternative Tentacles"},{"docid":"8011298","text":"How Do You Do! \"How Do You Do!\" is a pop rock song by Swedish pop duo Roxette. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album \"Tourism\" on 3 July 1992. The song was a commercial success upon release, topping the national singles charts in Norway and Spain. It also peaked at number two in several countries, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. It was held off the top spot in many of these territories by Dr. Alban's \"It's My Life\". The single was backed by several remixes created by Swedish production","title":"How Do You Do!"},{"docid":"8011301","text":"Touch\". This version charted in the top fifty of the Ö3 Austria Top 40, but failed to chart elsewhere. CD maxi Digital download How Do You Do! \"How Do You Do!\" is a pop rock song by Swedish pop duo Roxette. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album \"Tourism\" on 3 July 1992. The song was a commercial success upon release, topping the national singles charts in Norway and Spain. It also peaked at number two in several countries, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. It was held off the top","title":"How Do You Do!"},{"docid":"8265556","text":"\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"9413392","text":"Robert between the items. This series was not made available on Five's online video site. Episodes in this group aired with 30-minute runtimes (including commercials). On hiatus as of February 2014. How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated","title":"How Do They Do It?"},{"docid":"9413389","text":"How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated by Rupert Degas; series 3 and 4 were narrated by Iain Lee; and series 5 and 6 were narrated by Dominic Frisby. In 2008, the UK's Channel 5 began airing the","title":"How Do They Do It?"},{"docid":"9597978","text":"publishers Chaosium, Issaries, Inc. and MoonDesign used Tentacles as a forum for presenting and discussing the plans of their games. Due to the international audience English was the main language. Tentacles offered the only opportunity in Germany to get in touch with two founders of role-playing Greg Stafford and Sandy Petersen. Sandy Petersen and other invited authors regularly wrote game modules and articles especially for Tentacles Convention. These works were published in the \"Ye Booke of Tentacles (YboT)\"-almanacs which are treasured by Glorantha and English-speaking Cthulhu fans. A notable type of games on Tentacles was the freeform role-playing game. Tentacles","title":"Tentacles Convention"},{"docid":"8814991","text":"Phil Moore, former Host of Nickelodeon's \"Nick Arcade\" is the writer for the show. How Do I Look? extended to Asia, which is now called \"How Do I Look? Asia\" on Asia's leading entertainment channel for women, Diva (Asia TV channel). How Do I Look? extended to South Africa, which is now called \"How Do I Look? South Africa\" on E! Africa (DStv Channel 124) in 2017. How Do I Look? How Do I Look? was a makeover show airing on the Style Network. The show was originally hosted by English soap opera veteran Finola Hughes; the latest season was","title":"How Do I Look?"},{"docid":"9870990","text":"How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio being washed away. After two series, Eamonn Holmes took over as male presenter, and from Series 5, was joined","title":"How Do They Do That?"},{"docid":"10290245","text":"How Do I Breathe, Pt. 2: CD single How Do I Breathe \"How Do I Breathe\" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album \"Go\". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 91. \"How Do I Breathe\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in","title":"How Do I Breathe"},{"docid":"9906251","text":"Tentacles of Doom \"Tentacles Of Doom\" is the third episode of the second series of Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted and the ninth episode overall. While Ted is trying to fix the plumbing in the Craggy Island parochial house, he receives news that the nearby Holy Stone of Clonrichert is being upgraded to a \"class two relic\" by the Vatican. Three bishops are being sent to perform the ceremony and will be staying in the parochial house, and Ted realises he needs to have both Dougal and Jack on their \"best behaviour\". Ted tells Dougal to keep to matters about","title":"Tentacles of Doom"},{"docid":"15496955","text":"to those with a lower risk of contagion. It was a model that attempted to challenge traditional anti-promiscuity and anti-gay viewpoints in previous safe sex education and AIDS prevention—as Callen and Berkowitz argued, it's what you do, not how often you do it or who you do it with. In other words, they had searched for, and come up with, what they termed the possibility of \"life-affirming sex.\" The categories below contain summaries of the chapters of \"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\" and the arguments presented therein: The authors introduce the two presiding theories of AIDS transmission and","title":"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic"},{"docid":"9321841","text":"purple pigmentation with purple chromatophores overlaid with greyish tubercles, or having thickly crowded deep brownish chromatophores. In life, these animals appear dark red or purple Like all squids, it has eight arms. Like other species in this family, it also has two long, whip-like tentacles. The tentacles of this species are unique in this family in that they contain some large suckers, while other mastigoteuthids have small to microscopic suckers. The largest tentacle suckers of \"I. cordiformis\" are nearly the same size as the arm suckers, but the size diminishes towards the very ends of the tentacles and the suckers","title":"Idioteuthis cordiformis"},{"docid":"6988628","text":"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \"Girl Next Door\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \"What Do I Have To Do?\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \"Ultimate Kylie\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \"Shocked\", \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\"; \"were","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"docid":"13996556","text":"handsome man. Charly turns up with a gun, looking for Daniela, and is taken with François' neighbour. François admits that he never won the lottery and couldn't have paid Daniela. The film ends with the two together again. How Much Do You Love Me? How Much Do You Love Me? () is a 2005 French romantic comedy film written and directed by Bertrand Blier. It was released on 26 October 2005 in France and Belgium, and had a limited United States release on 18 March 2006. It was entered into the 28th Moscow International Film Festival where Blier won the","title":"How Much Do You Love Me?"},{"docid":"13231795","text":"In the 1824 edition of \"The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia\" there's a description of the rhyme and the game, giving the distance as \"six, seven or a lang eight\". The rhyme was originally accompanied by a singing game in which two lines face each other, with one player in the middle. At the end of the rhyme the players have to cross the space and any caught help the original player in the middle catch the others. The game seems to have fallen out of use in the twentieth century. In literature In film In music How Many Miles to Babylon?","title":"How Many Miles to Babylon?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18887745\",\n \"text\": \"Han, Later Zhou, Later Shu, Song dynasty and Southern Tang). How Much Sorrow Do You Have How Much Sorrow Do You Have, also known as The Real Warrior in some countries, is a 2005 Chinese historical drama produced by Beijing HualuBaina Film & TV Co. It was first broadcast on China Television in Taiwan in August 2005. In mainland China it was first broadcast on CCTV-8 in 2006. The title is directly taken from a poem by Li Yu, the protagonist of the drama. Set in the 10th century, the story revolves around two monarchs: Zhao Kuangyin, conqueror extraordinaire and\",\n \"title\": \"How Much Sorrow Do You Have\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18887743\",\n \"text\": \"How Much Sorrow Do You Have How Much Sorrow Do You Have, also known as The Real Warrior in some countries, is a 2005 Chinese historical drama produced by Beijing HualuBaina Film & TV Co. It was first broadcast on China Television in Taiwan in August 2005. In mainland China it was first broadcast on CCTV-8 in 2006. The title is directly taken from a poem by Li Yu, the protagonist of the drama. Set in the 10th century, the story revolves around two monarchs: Zhao Kuangyin, conqueror extraordinaire and the first ruler of the Song dynasty, and Li Yu,\",\n \"title\": \"How Much Sorrow Do You Have\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1368276\",\n \"text\": \"released by other labels) by bands including The Dicks, 7 Seconds, and the Butthole Surfers. The early compilation titled \\\"Let Them Eat Jellybeans!\\\". Some of the best known bands that have released albums through Alternative Tentacles are Dead Kennedys, NoMeansNo, D.O.A. and Alice Donut. In addition to musical acts, Alternative Tentacles also publishes spoken word albums, many by Jello Biafra himself. Another common theme of Alternative Tentacles records over the years has been the artwork of Winston Smith, which has appeared on many of their records, catalogs, posters and shirts. Smith also designed the Alternative Tentacles logo. In the early\",\n \"title\": \"Alternative Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8011298\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Do! \\\"How Do You Do!\\\" is a pop rock song by Swedish pop duo Roxette. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album \\\"Tourism\\\" on 3 July 1992. The song was a commercial success upon release, topping the national singles charts in Norway and Spain. It also peaked at number two in several countries, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. It was held off the top spot in many of these territories by Dr. Alban's \\\"It's My Life\\\". The single was backed by several remixes created by Swedish production\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8011301\",\n \"text\": \"Touch\\\". This version charted in the top fifty of the Ö3 Austria Top 40, but failed to chart elsewhere. CD maxi Digital download How Do You Do! \\\"How Do You Do!\\\" is a pop rock song by Swedish pop duo Roxette. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album \\\"Tourism\\\" on 3 July 1992. The song was a commercial success upon release, topping the national singles charts in Norway and Spain. It also peaked at number two in several countries, including Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. It was held off the top\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265556\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\\\" to a \\\"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\\\". Some critics compared \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". Alex Kristelis of \\\"Bustle\\\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \\\"Khaleej Times\\\" writer called \\\"Anaconda\\\" a \\\"blatant copy\\\" of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", with Minaj's song sharing \\\"the lyrical blue print and theme\\\" of Lil' Kim's. \\\"Westword\\\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \\\"How\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9413392\",\n \"text\": \"Robert between the items. This series was not made available on Five's online video site. Episodes in this group aired with 30-minute runtimes (including commercials). On hiatus as of February 2014. How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \\\"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\\\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9413389\",\n \"text\": \"How Do They Do It? How Do They Do It? is a television series produced by Wag TV for Discovery Channel. Each programme explores how 2 or 3 ordinary objects are made and used. The show's slogan is \\\"Behind the ordinary is the extraordinary.\\\" The series is broadcast throughout the world on various Discovery-owned networks including: Series 1 and 2, which were co-produced with Rocket Surgery Productions, were narrated by Rupert Degas; series 3 and 4 were narrated by Iain Lee; and series 5 and 6 were narrated by Dominic Frisby. In 2008, the UK's Channel 5 began airing the\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9597978\",\n \"text\": \"publishers Chaosium, Issaries, Inc. and MoonDesign used Tentacles as a forum for presenting and discussing the plans of their games. Due to the international audience English was the main language. Tentacles offered the only opportunity in Germany to get in touch with two founders of role-playing Greg Stafford and Sandy Petersen. Sandy Petersen and other invited authors regularly wrote game modules and articles especially for Tentacles Convention. These works were published in the \\\"Ye Booke of Tentacles (YboT)\\\"-almanacs which are treasured by Glorantha and English-speaking Cthulhu fans. A notable type of games on Tentacles was the freeform role-playing game. Tentacles\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8814991\",\n \"text\": \"Phil Moore, former Host of Nickelodeon's \\\"Nick Arcade\\\" is the writer for the show. How Do I Look? extended to Asia, which is now called \\\"How Do I Look? Asia\\\" on Asia's leading entertainment channel for women, Diva (Asia TV channel). How Do I Look? extended to South Africa, which is now called \\\"How Do I Look? South Africa\\\" on E! Africa (DStv Channel 124) in 2017. How Do I Look? How Do I Look? was a makeover show airing on the Style Network. The show was originally hosted by English soap opera veteran Finola Hughes; the latest season was\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Look?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9870990\",\n \"text\": \"How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio being washed away. After two series, Eamonn Holmes took over as male presenter, and from Series 5, was joined\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10290245\",\n \"text\": \"How Do I Breathe, Pt. 2: CD single How Do I Breathe \\\"How Do I Breathe\\\" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album \\\"Go\\\". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at number 91. \\\"How Do I Breathe\\\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Breathe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9906251\",\n \"text\": \"Tentacles of Doom \\\"Tentacles Of Doom\\\" is the third episode of the second series of Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted and the ninth episode overall. While Ted is trying to fix the plumbing in the Craggy Island parochial house, he receives news that the nearby Holy Stone of Clonrichert is being upgraded to a \\\"class two relic\\\" by the Vatican. Three bishops are being sent to perform the ceremony and will be staying in the parochial house, and Ted realises he needs to have both Dougal and Jack on their \\\"best behaviour\\\". Ted tells Dougal to keep to matters about\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles of Doom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15496955\",\n \"text\": \"to those with a lower risk of contagion. It was a model that attempted to challenge traditional anti-promiscuity and anti-gay viewpoints in previous safe sex education and AIDS prevention—as Callen and Berkowitz argued, it's what you do, not how often you do it or who you do it with. In other words, they had searched for, and come up with, what they termed the possibility of \\\"life-affirming sex.\\\" The categories below contain summaries of the chapters of \\\"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\\\" and the arguments presented therein: The authors introduce the two presiding theories of AIDS transmission and\",\n \"title\": \"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9321841\",\n \"text\": \"purple pigmentation with purple chromatophores overlaid with greyish tubercles, or having thickly crowded deep brownish chromatophores. In life, these animals appear dark red or purple Like all squids, it has eight arms. Like other species in this family, it also has two long, whip-like tentacles. The tentacles of this species are unique in this family in that they contain some large suckers, while other mastigoteuthids have small to microscopic suckers. The largest tentacle suckers of \\\"I. cordiformis\\\" are nearly the same size as the arm suckers, but the size diminishes towards the very ends of the tentacles and the suckers\",\n \"title\": \"Idioteuthis cordiformis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6988628\",\n \"text\": \"as the third single off the album instead, and the track was specially remixed for single release. The 1999 biographical book \\\"Girl Next Door\\\" identified this track as Kylie's favourite to perform live. The single artwork was photographed by Robert Erdmann. \\\"What Do I Have To Do?\\\" received very positive reviews from many music critics. While reviewing the album \\\"Rhythm of Love\\\" (1990), Chris True from Allmusic highlighted the song as an album standout. While reviewing \\\"Ultimate Kylie\\\", Mark Edwards from Stylus Magazine gave it a positive remark, saying along with \\\"Shocked\\\", \\\"Give Me Just a Little More Time\\\"; \\\"were\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13996556\",\n \"text\": \"handsome man. Charly turns up with a gun, looking for Daniela, and is taken with François' neighbour. François admits that he never won the lottery and couldn't have paid Daniela. The film ends with the two together again. How Much Do You Love Me? How Much Do You Love Me? () is a 2005 French romantic comedy film written and directed by Bertrand Blier. It was released on 26 October 2005 in France and Belgium, and had a limited United States release on 18 March 2006. It was entered into the 28th Moscow International Film Festival where Blier won the\",\n \"title\": \"How Much Do You Love Me?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13231795\",\n \"text\": \"In the 1824 edition of \\\"The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia\\\" there's a description of the rhyme and the game, giving the distance as \\\"six, seven or a lang eight\\\". The rhyme was originally accompanied by a singing game in which two lines face each other, with one player in the middle. At the end of the rhyme the players have to cross the space and any caught help the original player in the middle catch the others. The game seems to have fallen out of use in the twentieth century. In literature In film In music How Many Miles to Babylon?\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3517419","text":"Prince and Jazze Pha, alongside members of Parliament-Funkadelic. The album is compiled from different sessions over the last decade and is presented as a taste of more new Parliament and Funkadelic material to come. Clinton cited it as \"one of the best records we've ever done\". Despite mixed criticism towards its indulgent style, \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Credits for \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\" adapted from Allmusic. How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? (How Late Do You Have To Be","title":"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?"},{"docid":"3517418","text":"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? (How Late Do You Have To Be Before You Are Absent?) is a double album by George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars, released September 6, 2005 on Clinton's label The C Kunspyruhzy. The album also featured release in France on Nocturne Records. It is their first album of new studio material since 1996's \"T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.\" (The Awesome Power Of A Fully Operational Mothership), which was primarily due to a lengthy court battle over ownership of Clinton's recordings. \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\" features appearances by","title":"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?"},{"docid":"16044974","text":"Wii U version has a Metacritic rating of 68% based on 14 critics. Squids (video game) Squids is a tactical role-playing game by the French studio The Game Bakers, released in October 2011 for iOS devices. A sequel was released entitled \"Squids Wild West\", and a spin-off called \"Squids Odyssey\" was also released. The object of the game is to defeat a range of aquatic enemies with a party of up to four anthropomorphic squids, which belong to one of four character classes: stomper (melee fighter), shooter (ranged fighter), scout or healer. Combat is turn-based, but not grid-bound: squids are","title":"Squids (video game)"},{"docid":"16044971","text":"Squids (video game) Squids is a tactical role-playing game by the French studio The Game Bakers, released in October 2011 for iOS devices. A sequel was released entitled \"Squids Wild West\", and a spin-off called \"Squids Odyssey\" was also released. The object of the game is to defeat a range of aquatic enemies with a party of up to four anthropomorphic squids, which belong to one of four character classes: stomper (melee fighter), shooter (ranged fighter), scout or healer. Combat is turn-based, but not grid-bound: squids are flicked across the playing field by a motion of the player's finger, bumping","title":"Squids (video game)"},{"docid":"16044973","text":"pearls as unbalancing. \"Edge\" and PocketGamer likewise approved of the game's gameplay and production values but criticized the inclusion of in-game purchases. Squids Wild West is an adventure iOS game developed by The Game Bakers and released on June 27, 2012. The game has a rating of 89% based on 16 critic reviews. Squids Odyssey is a console-style role-playing game released for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. It is a compilation of the game \"Squids\" and \"Squids Wild West\", with a new chapter. The Nintendo 3DS version has a Metacritic rating of 72% based on 7 critic reviews, while the","title":"Squids (video game)"},{"docid":"17736987","text":"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the","title":"How Many Birds"},{"docid":"13376224","text":"How Come You Do Me Like You Do? \"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?\" is a song written by vaudeville comedy duo Gene Austin and Roy Bergere in 1924. It has later been covered by many artists, and is considered a jazz standard. Austin and Bergere were a vaudeville comedy duet act performing in the East and Midwest. \"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?\" became a national hit in 1924 for Marion Harris. Austin would later achieve even greater fame with his recording of \"My Blue Heaven\" in 1927. The song has been covered by many","title":"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?"},{"docid":"11178872","text":"speak about their attempts to forge careers in mainstream society and the effect that HIV and AIDS has had on ball culture as many of the subjects featured died of AIDS during or shortly after filming was complete. \"How Do I Look\" was filmed in New York City and Philadelphia. It premiered at the NewFest Film Festival in New York City in June 2006. The assistant director was Kevin Burrus. \"How Do I Look\" was released on Region 1 DVD in the United States. How Do I Look How Do I Look is a 2006 American documentary directed by Wolfgang","title":"How Do I Look"},{"docid":"20612988","text":"How Do You Live? The film is about how this particular book entitled \"How Do You Live?\" is featured prominently in the protagonist’s life. Miyazaki commenced animation work in July 2016, later confirmed by studio executive Toshio Suzuki. With Miyazaki coming out of retirement, Studio Ghibli re-opened with many of the past collaborators working on the project. Numerous contracts for three-year terms were issued. In October 2017, Studio Ghibli announced the film will be titled \"How Do You Live?\" Toshio Suzuki revealed that Miyazaki is working on the film for his grandson as his way of saying \"Grandpa is moving","title":"How Do You Live?"},{"docid":"8265550","text":"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"11178870","text":"How Do I Look How Do I Look is a 2006 American documentary directed by Wolfgang Busch. The film chronicles ball culture in Harlem and Philadelphia over a ten-year period. Wolfgang Busch began interviewing subjects from the ball circuit in the mid-1990s and continued filming for a decade. \"How Do I Look\" documents the ball culture, which began in the 1920s during the Harlem Renaissance, and has since influenced mainstream artists and musicians. The film follows several ball \"legends\" such as Willi Ninja, Kevin Ultra-Omni, Octavia St. Laurent, Pepper LaBeija and Jose Xtravaganza. Many of the subjects that are featured","title":"How Do I Look"},{"docid":"8265566","text":"cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"9870991","text":"by Esther McVey. At its height, How Do They Do That? had 12 million viewers watching on Wednesday nights. How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio","title":"How Do They Do That?"},{"docid":"20612989","text":"onto the next world soon but he is leaving this film behind because he loves you\". A release date has not been announced, although the film is predicted to be released near the time of the 2020 Summer Olympics. How Do You Live? The film is about how this particular book entitled \"How Do You Live?\" is featured prominently in the protagonist’s life. Miyazaki commenced animation work in July 2016, later confirmed by studio executive Toshio Suzuki. With Miyazaki coming out of retirement, Studio Ghibli re-opened with many of the past collaborators working on the project. Numerous contracts for three-year","title":"How Do You Live?"},{"docid":"18797880","text":"meme and has since then been featured in many of Khaled's later singles, most notably For Free, which features Canadian entertainer Drake, and in Do You Mind, which features Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, August Alsina, Jeremih, Future, and Rick Ross. How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) \"How Many Times\" is the third single by DJ Khaled, featuring Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Big Sean from Khaled's eighth studio album \"I Changed a Lot\". It was released on May 12, 2015, as the third single from Khaled's eighth studio album, \"I Changed a Lot\" (2015). A music video for the song","title":"How Many Times (DJ Khaled song)"},{"docid":"8265545","text":"How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"19466866","text":"\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"19466865","text":"How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"17736986","text":"How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song","title":"How Many Birds"},{"docid":"11647283","text":"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the","title":"How Many Words"},{"docid":"11647282","text":"How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May","title":"How Many Words"},{"docid":"19466870","text":"Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"2563630","text":"Ozric Tentacles Ozric Tentacles (also known as The Ozrics) are an English instrumental rock band, whose music incorporates elements from a diverse range of genres, including psychedelic rock, progressive rock, space rock, jazz fusion, electronic music, dub music, world music, and ambient music. Formed in Somerset in 1983, the band has released over 30 albums selling over a million copies worldwide despite never having signed to a major recording label. Throughout many line-up changes over the years, co-founder and guitarist Ed Wynne has remained the only original member of the band. The band is now credited as one of the","title":"Ozric Tentacles"},{"docid":"9597977","text":"Tentacles Convention The Tentacles Convention was an international role-playing game convention held annually at Stahleck Castle in Germany on Pentecost. Tentacles was dedicated to games set in Glorantha such as \"HeroQuest\" and \"RuneQuest\", as well as \"Call of Cthulhu\", \"Stormbringer\" and \"Hawkmoon\". Tentacles Convention was hosted by the \"RuneQuest Gesellschaft e.V.\" (better known outside of Germany as \"The Chaos Society\") every year from 1996 to 2009. During that time, Tentacles, and Convulsiion followed by Continuum were the only periodically held Glorantha conventions in Europe. Most of the about 180 guests were fans and authors of the supported game systems. The","title":"Tentacles Convention"},{"docid":"1368275","text":"Alternative Tentacles Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. It was used by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single \"California Über Alles\". After realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well. Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray and vocalist Jello Biafra formed Alternative Tentacles, but Biafra became the owner in the mid-1980s. Alternative Tentacles no longer owns the rights to Dead Kennedys recordings after a 2000 lawsuit. Alternative Tentacles subsequently released records of other bands of the alternative/punk scene including releasing records (which were later","title":"Alternative Tentacles"},{"docid":"10833145","text":"was replaced by \"From Me to You\" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a seven-inch EP record also featuring \"Away From You\", \"I Like It\" and \"It's Happened to Me\" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963). The single entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine. How Do You Do It? \"How Do You Do It?\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch","title":"How Do You Do It?"},{"docid":"10833143","text":"How Do You Do It? \"How Do You Do It?\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not","title":"How Do You Do It?"},{"docid":"17436758","text":"additional channel called HISHE Kids, with the show \"Fixed Fairy Tales\". The \"Super Cafe / Villain's Pub\" is a segment that debuted at the end of \"How Superman Should Have Ended\" which featured Superman discussing the alternate events of the 1978 \"Superman\" film in a cafe with Batman, which began the trend of the \"Super Cafe\". Though it is thought to be based on \"Seinfeld\", the clips are actually based on the final scene of Daniel Baxter's favorite film, \"Swingers\", with Superman standing in for Trent and Batman standing in for Mike. In various superhero episodes of \"How it Should","title":"How It Should Have Ended"},{"docid":"18745842","text":"game, \"FIFA 15\" \"Somebody New\" is featured in Konami video game, \"Pro Evolution Soccer 2016\" How Do You Feel Now? How Do You Feel Now? is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Joywave, released through Cultco Music and Hollywood Records on April 21, 2015. The album is a follow-up to the band's second extended play, \"How Do You Feel?\", which was released earlier in 2014. It was co-produced by band members Daniel Armbruster and Sean Donnelly and was recorded during 2013 and 2014. Four official singles have been released from the album: \"Tongues\", \"Somebody New\", \"Destruction\", and","title":"How Do You Feel Now?"},{"docid":"18745841","text":"How Do You Feel Now? How Do You Feel Now? is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Joywave, released through Cultco Music and Hollywood Records on April 21, 2015. The album is a follow-up to the band's second extended play, \"How Do You Feel?\", which was released earlier in 2014. It was co-produced by band members Daniel Armbruster and Sean Donnelly and was recorded during 2013 and 2014. Four official singles have been released from the album: \"Tongues\", \"Somebody New\", \"Destruction\", and \"Now\". The song, \"Tongues\" featuring KOPPS, is included in the soundtrack of EA Sports video","title":"How Do You Feel Now?"},{"docid":"17436752","text":"How It Should Have Ended How It Should Have Ended (HISHE) is an animated webseries that parodies popular films by creating alternate endings and pointing out various flaws. Endings for many major movies have been presented, using the tagline ‘sometimes movies don't finish the way we'd like’. \"How It Should Have Ended\" began after Daniel Baxter and Tommy Watson started discussing alternate endings for a movie they had watched. In 2005 their first animation \"How Matrix Revolutions Should Have Ended\" was completed and soon after in July 2005 the website was established. Christina \"Tina\" Alexander, who has previously worked with","title":"How It Should Have Ended"},{"docid":"17978639","text":"Shawn Handling gave the movie a highly negative review and concluded,\"I think it’s one of the worst that has been produced and should have been sunk with the rest of those missing ships.\" Bermuda Tentacles Bermuda Tentacles is an American made-for-television science fiction horror film directed by Nick Lyon. It starred Linda Hamilton and featured ensemble cast of Trevor Donovan, Mýa, John Savage and Jamie Kennedy. The movie premiered April 12, 2014 on the Syfy channel and garnered largely negative reviews. When Air Force One goes down over the Bermuda Triangle, the Navy sends its best rescue team. But in","title":"Bermuda Tentacles"},{"docid":"15966449","text":"the album a \"civically revivalist Motown / Ford homage\" and stated, \"What we're hearing here is the Temptations turning into the Delfonics—the way his midrange gives up the verse and his falsetto takes the chorus is as nice as his boyish sexism.\" Credits for \"How Do You Do\" adapted from AllMusic. Musicians Production How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album) How Do You Do is the second studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on October 11, 2011, by Universal Republic Records. The limited edition box set of the album gave Hawthorne his first Grammy Award nomination","title":"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album)"},{"docid":"15966445","text":"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album) How Do You Do is the second studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on October 11, 2011, by Universal Republic Records. The limited edition box set of the album gave Hawthorne his first Grammy Award nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package in 2014. The album's lead single, \"A Long Time\", was released on May 23, 2011. The album's second single, \"The Walk\", was released on August 29, 2011. \"How Do You Do\" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out","title":"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album)"},{"docid":"9658330","text":"about how many could perch at the same time on the head of a pin\"\". Dorothy L. Sayers argued that the question was \"simply a debating exercise\" and that the answer \"usually adjudged correct\" was stated as, \"Angels are pure intelligences, not material, but limited, so that they have location in space, but not extension.\" Sayers compares the question to that of how many people's thoughts can be concentrated upon a particular pin at the same time. She concludes that infinitely many angels can be located on the head of a pin, since they do not occupy any space there:","title":"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?"},{"docid":"8265547","text":"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"8265546","text":"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"17173777","text":"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark","title":"How Many Drinks?"},{"docid":"17173776","text":"How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,","title":"How Many Drinks?"},{"docid":"5225108","text":"It\" becoming even bigger on pop radio only a few weeks after \"How We Do\" had peaked. Dr. Dre had produced \"How We Do\" during his time in N.W.A. The music video was directed by Hype Williams; it features cameos by Dr. Dre and Olivia. It showcases night shots of Los Angeles; as well as a Dodge Magnum, driven by The Game, and a Cadillac Escalade, driven by 50 Cent; as it finally cuts to a nightclub. Carmelo Anthony can be briefly seen towards the end, raising a glass of champagne. How We Do (song) \"How We Do\" is a","title":"How We Do (song)"},{"docid":"16426127","text":"How We Do (Party) \"How We Do (Party)\" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, from her debut studio album, \"Ora\". It was released as the lead single from the album in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand on 20 March 2012. Upon its release, \"How We Do (Party)\" peaked inside the top-ten in Australia and New Zealand. It was released as the album's second single in Ireland on 10 August 2012 and in the United Kingdom on 12 August 2012, and reached number-one in both regions. \"How We Do (Party)\" is a pop and R&B song.","title":"How We Do (Party)"},{"docid":"18049110","text":"1 on many AOR (Album Oriented Rock) stations. The single also hit big in Australia (number 19) and New Zealand (number 3). AllMusic critic Mike DeGagne assessed \"How Do I Make You\" as \"a far cry from the ballads, the love songs, and the ample amount of cover versions that [Ronstadt] had charted with in the past\" saying \"[the track's] quick tempo and pulsating pace had Ronstadt showing some new wave spunk mixed with a desire to rock out a little.\" However, \"Rolling Stone\" critic Stephen Holden, felt that on \"How Do I Make You\" Ronstadt \"frankly imitates Deborah Harry,\"","title":"How Do I Make You"},{"docid":"7319705","text":"\"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page","title":"How Many More Times"},{"docid":"7319704","text":"Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's","title":"How Many More Times"},{"docid":"7319702","text":"How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was","title":"How Many More Times"},{"docid":"17274670","text":"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in","title":"How Many More Years"},{"docid":"17274665","text":"How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and","title":"How Many More Years"},{"docid":"8265554","text":"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"7481355","text":"calling it an \"odd number, where her lyrics swing from actually-clever ('suckin' real bad at Mariah Carey-oke') to a bit worrisome ('getting' our nails did / all Japanese-y').\" While calling it \"a Ke$ha-grade throwdown\", Sal Cinquemani of \"Slant Magazine\" claimed that the track \"features possibly the dumbest lyric of the year.\" Philip Matusavage of musicOMH felt that the song \"is so clearly calculated to every second that it instead feels cynical.\" \"This Is How We Do\" first charted on South Korea's Gaon Download Chart and the Canadian Hot 100 when its parent album was released, debuting at number 73, with","title":"This Is How We Do"},{"docid":"2563646","text":"the early days, the band even invited fans to send them blank cassettes, which they filled with tracks and returned. The AV-400 MHz NMR machine of the chemistry department of The University of Warwick (UK) is nicknamed \"Ozric\" in honour of the band allegedly by multinuclear NMR expert and Ozric Tentacles fan Jon Rourke. Ozric Tentacles Ozric Tentacles (also known as The Ozrics) are an English instrumental rock band, whose music incorporates elements from a diverse range of genres, including psychedelic rock, progressive rock, space rock, jazz fusion, electronic music, dub music, world music, and ambient music. Formed in Somerset","title":"Ozric Tentacles"},{"docid":"17978638","text":"Bermuda Tentacles Bermuda Tentacles is an American made-for-television science fiction horror film directed by Nick Lyon. It starred Linda Hamilton and featured ensemble cast of Trevor Donovan, Mýa, John Savage and Jamie Kennedy. The movie premiered April 12, 2014 on the Syfy channel and garnered largely negative reviews. When Air Force One goes down over the Bermuda Triangle, the Navy sends its best rescue team. But in saving the President, the team awakens a monster which threatens America's entire Eastern Seaboard and, ultimately, the world. \"Bermuda Tentacles\" was released to DVD in September 9, 2014. Writing for online website \"HorrorNews.Net\",","title":"Bermuda Tentacles"},{"docid":"14072918","text":"Tentacles (novel) Tentacles is a 2009 young adult science fiction novel by Roland Smith and the sequel to \"Cryptid Hunters\". It is one of 25 award-winning books by Smith. At Barnes & Noble, it has a sales rank of 18,005 and on the \"Lexile\" scale, it received a rating equal to \"740L\". It is reviewed by Barnes & Noble as a \"must purchase\" for libraries and schools. School Library Journal describes it as \"a high-octane page-turner\". \"Tentacles\" begins as the protagonists from \"Cryptid Hunters\" board the \"Coelacanth\", a presumably haunted ship, on a voyage led by Dr. Wolfe to capture","title":"Tentacles (novel)"},{"docid":"1368280","text":"to the Dead Kennedys albums turned over to the other band members, who licensed them to Manifesto Records in the United States (and to other labels in the rest of the world). Dead Kennedys albums accounted for about half of all sales by Alternative Tentacles, leading to financial uncertainty for the label. In October 2002, the label moved to Emeryville, California. Alternative Tentacles Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. It was used by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single \"California Über Alles\". After realizing the potential for an independent label, they","title":"Alternative Tentacles"},{"docid":"10534989","text":"next plastic victim will get nabbed\". Tentacles (film) Tentacles (Italian title: \"Tentacoli\") is a 1977 Italian-American horror film directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and starring John Huston, Shelley Winters, Bo Hopkins and Henry Fonda. Although the film was intended to cash in on the success of \"Jaws\", \"Tentacles\" also bears numerous resemblances to the 1955 science fiction horror film \"It Came from Beneath the Sea\". Solana Beach, a seaside tourist resort, has come under attack by a giant octopus, which captures and devours human swimmers and boaters, picking the skeletons clean of flesh and bone marrow. Marine expert Will Gleason","title":"Tentacles (film)"},{"docid":"10534984","text":"Tentacles (film) Tentacles (Italian title: \"Tentacoli\") is a 1977 Italian-American horror film directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and starring John Huston, Shelley Winters, Bo Hopkins and Henry Fonda. Although the film was intended to cash in on the success of \"Jaws\", \"Tentacles\" also bears numerous resemblances to the 1955 science fiction horror film \"It Came from Beneath the Sea\". Solana Beach, a seaside tourist resort, has come under attack by a giant octopus, which captures and devours human swimmers and boaters, picking the skeletons clean of flesh and bone marrow. Marine expert Will Gleason (Hopkins) and crusading newspaper reporter Ned","title":"Tentacles (film)"},{"docid":"16044972","text":"like billiard-balls into enemies to attack them. In between the linear (but repeatable) levels, which are interconnected by cutscenes that develop the game's story, players can level up their squids or enhance them with items that can be bought with pearls, which in turn are found in-game or available to purchase for real currency. The game was well received upon its release, obtaining a 76% aggregated score on Metacritic by the start of November 2011. Gamezebo praised the game's \"pitch-perfect\" gameplay, graphics and sound. TouchArcade appreciated the game's \"inventive, grid-less, and active\" combat mechanic, but criticized the ability to purchase","title":"Squids (video game)"},{"docid":"13231793","text":"How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be","title":"How Many Miles to Babylon?"},{"docid":"3079265","text":"do appear similar to the larvae, no specimens or samples of the adults have been taken, leaving their exact identity unknown. Almost nothing is known about the feeding behavior of these squid. Scientists have speculated that bigfin squid feed by dragging their arms and tentacles along the seafloor, and grabbing edible organisms off the floor. Alternatively, they may simply use a trapping technique, waiting passively for prey to bump into their arms. (See Cephalopod intelligence.) Bigfin squid Bigfin squids are a group of rarely seen cephalopods with a distinctive morphology. They are placed in the genus Magnapinna and family Magnapinnidae.","title":"Bigfin squid"},{"docid":"5905352","text":"One time, \"How do you like Wednesday?\" presented a special prime time edition, \"We Show You All the Backstage Scenes of 30 Hours Television!\". A spoof on telethons, the special featured nothing but a series of live commercials scattered over a 30-hour period, few seconds each. The last series of regular episodes, titled \"The Last Run\". This time, they have to go through Vietnam by mopeds, where the flood of countless mopeds goes across streets. How do you like Wednesday? The series achieved a record 18.6% viewing share on December 8, 1999, the highest share for a late-night program on","title":"How do you like Wednesday?"},{"docid":"19171723","text":"them interesting, storylines that we’re not invested in, and action that’s not exciting. This episode would have been better left unaired\". Stacy Glanzman of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars. How Does She Do It? \"How Does She Do It?\" is the fourth episode in the first season of the CBS television series \"Supergirl\", which aired on November 23, 2015. It was written by Yahlin Chang and Ted Sullivan, and directed by Thor Freudenthal. The episode centers on Kara dealing with babysitting Cat Grant's son while on vacation while tackling a series of attempted bombings","title":"How Does She Do It?"},{"docid":"7039398","text":"Story\" from artist Taylor Swift, which has been certified 8× Platinum. Despite only peaking as high as No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart, Rimes' version of \"How Do I Live\" spent 34 weeks on the chart, ending up as the 6th best selling single of 1998. As of August 2014, the song has sold 710,000 copies in the UK. \"How Do I Live\" was also covered by F.I.R. (Faye and Real featuring LeAnn Rimes). F.I.R. invited Rimes to record a portion of the song for their third album \"Flight Tribe\" in 2006. \"Billboard\" ranked \"How Do I Live\" as","title":"How Do I Live"},{"docid":"5225105","text":"How We Do (song) \"How We Do\" is a song by American rapper and West Coast hip hop artist The Game, featuring rapper 50 Cent from his debut album, \"The Documentary\". Produced by Dr. Dre, Mike Elizondo, it was released as the album's second official single in late 2004. \"How We Do\" achieved commercial success worldwide. The track peaked within the top 10 in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and New Zealand. The single was commercially successful in the United States, peaking at #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and remaining on the chart for","title":"How We Do (song)"},{"docid":"15595616","text":"but all fast-casual chains.” It has also been called the \"most unique sushi restaurant you will ever visit.\" A local news station reported that there is \"nothing like it in the rest of the country.\" How Do You Roll? How Do You Roll? was a franchise fast-casual sushi restaurant, headquartered in Austin, Texas. The first How Do You Roll? location opened in October 2008 and the company began franchising in early 2010. As of April 2016, it had stores operating in California and Florida. but had gone out of business by January 30, 2017. Yuen Yung and his brother Peter","title":"How Do You Roll?"},{"docid":"15595612","text":"How Do You Roll? How Do You Roll? was a franchise fast-casual sushi restaurant, headquartered in Austin, Texas. The first How Do You Roll? location opened in October 2008 and the company began franchising in early 2010. As of April 2016, it had stores operating in California and Florida. but had gone out of business by January 30, 2017. Yuen Yung and his brother Peter Yung grew up in Chinatown, Manhattan. Yuen received his finance degree from the University of Texas and worked as a partner at Kenty, Yung, Ozias & Associates, a financial services firm. Peter started in the","title":"How Do You Roll?"},{"docid":"14429278","text":"How Do You Know How Do You Know is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks and starring Reese Witherspoon, Paul Rudd, Owen Wilson, and Jack Nicholson. It was the third film to feature Witherspoon and Rudd following 1998’s \"Overnight Delivery\" and 2009’s \"Monsters vs. Aliens\". The film was shot in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.. \"How Do You Know\" was released theatrically on December 17, 2010, and was a box office bomb, grossing $49 million against a $100 million net budget. Softball player Lisa Jorgenson is devastated when she is left off the","title":"How Do You Know"},{"docid":"10290238","text":"How Do I Breathe \"How Do I Breathe\" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album \"Go\". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 91. \"How Do I Breathe\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number","title":"How Do I Breathe"},{"docid":"16987905","text":"year. How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) \"How Do You Do\" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in","title":"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song)"},{"docid":"16987904","text":"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) \"How Do You Do\" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in that","title":"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song)"},{"docid":"8265553","text":"a Little Doe\", a track from her 1996 album \"Hard Core\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \"Funny How Time Flies\". The rapper further introduces herself as \"the female Mack\". \"How Many Licks?\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \"Salon\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \"playfully ripe side\" from \"Hard Core\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\", citing the","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"15496963","text":"and the descriptions below should not be presumed to be the medical consensus.\" Callen, Berkowitz and Sonnabend begin this section by stating that, regardless of how controversial and subjective the question may be, some people with AIDS do continue to have sex after being infected, whether knowingly or unknowingly, although many may be so incapacitated that sex is \"the furthest thing from their minds.\" The solution, they argue, does not involve treating people with AIDS (PWA) like lepers, as they are just as human as the rest of the population, desire the same human contact and will simply end up","title":"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic"},{"docid":"15496953","text":"an Epidemic\" was the first sex-positive manuals for safe sex—in other words, it did not present sex in a negative, shameful or moralistic light. Sonnabend writes in the introduction to the booklet that one of their goals was to \"explore the many different forms of sexual expression open to gay men.\" As David France later recounted, the authors actively tried to avoid condescension or arrogance in their writing (despite the fact that Callen himself had acknowledged that telling people how to have sex is inherently an arrogant thing to do), instead attempting to establish a dialogue, \"queen to queen,\" between","title":"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic"},{"docid":"18049111","text":"the lead vocalist of defining new wave act Blondie. He further described the song as \"Buddy Holly-like\" and that it roughly brackets \"How Do I Make You\" with earlier Ronstadt hits \"That'll Be the Day\" (1976) and \"It's So Easy\" (1977), both remakes of Buddy Holly records. The 1980 album \"Chipmunk Punk\" by Alvin and the Chipmunks featured a cover of \"How Do I Make You.\" How Do I Make You \"How Do I Make You\" was a Top 10 hit song composed by Billy Steinberg and recorded by Linda Ronstadt in 1980. Steinberg stated that he was \"a little","title":"How Do I Make You"},{"docid":"18049107","text":"How Do I Make You \"How Do I Make You\" was a Top 10 hit song composed by Billy Steinberg and recorded by Linda Ronstadt in 1980. Steinberg stated that he was \"a little bit influenced\" by the Knack hit \"My Sharona\" in writing \"How Do I Make You.\" He originally recorded the song with his band Billy Thermal as one of several demos produced while the band was signed to Planet Records. The label ultimately did not release these songs. However, several Billy Thermal demos, including \"How Do I Make You\", were eventually included on a \"Billy Thermal\" EP","title":"How Do I Make You"},{"docid":"8011299","text":"duo BomKrash, which consisted of Jacob Hellner and Carl-Michael Herlöfsson. According to Ultimate Guitar, \"How Do You Do!\" is an uptempo pop rock song written in common time with a tempo of 121 beats per minute. It utilises a common trait found in Roxette compositions of the verse using a different key signature than the chorus. The verse is composed in C, and consists of three repetitions of a basic C–F–G–F sequence, followed by one shortened sequence of C–F–G. The pre-chorus makes use of a power chord structure, and consists of a sequence of Am–G–F–C–Em, which is then amended to","title":"How Do You Do!"},{"docid":"16486375","text":"You\" accompanied with Say It Anyway\". How I Do How I Do is the debut studio album by recording artist Res. It was released on 26 June 2001 and spent nine weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, with the singles \"Golden Boys\" and \"They-Say Vision\" also charting. As of June 2002, the album has sold 172,000 units in United States. On the standard edition of the album the final track Tsunami has the hidden track \"Say It Anyway\" on the end, whereas on the iTunes and special edition CD version of the album comes with Tsunami as an individual track","title":"How I Do"},{"docid":"16486374","text":"How I Do How I Do is the debut studio album by recording artist Res. It was released on 26 June 2001 and spent nine weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, with the singles \"Golden Boys\" and \"They-Say Vision\" also charting. As of June 2002, the album has sold 172,000 units in United States. On the standard edition of the album the final track Tsunami has the hidden track \"Say It Anyway\" on the end, whereas on the iTunes and special edition CD version of the album comes with Tsunami as an individual track and a bonus track called \"Toxic","title":"How I Do"},{"docid":"3323181","text":"track \"Shopping\" is frequently featured as background music in British television news and current affairs programs dealing with retail business issues and as bumper music on home shopping shows. This is despite the fact that the song is actually a critique of privatisation in 1980s Britain, and has little to do with actual shopping. \"Shopping\" was also used in a season 1 episode of the Disney Channel television series \"Lizzie McGuire\". Pet Shop Boys Guest musicians Technical ! scope=\"row\"| Worldwide Actually Actually (stylised as Pet Shop Boys, actually.) is the second studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys.","title":"Actually"},{"docid":"17274667","text":"Midnight\", described by Phillips as \"the most different record I ever heard\", was probably recorded at a different session. Phillips had not yet set up Sun Records and regularly leased his recordings to the Chess label in Chicago. The record was issued as Chess 1479 on 15 September 1951, with \"Moanin' at Midnight\" as the A-side and \"How Many More Years\" as the B-side. \"Moanin' at Midnight\" entered the R&B chart on 10 November 1951, and was followed four weeks later by \"How Many More Years\", which became the more popular side and rose to no.4 on the chart. The","title":"How Many More Years"},{"docid":"8814990","text":"of contact lenses. Commercial breaks are often trailed with segments featuring quick fashion tips directed at the viewer. These tips are often solutions to common fashion faux pas and are presented either by the host or that episode's featured stylist. Grammy nominated rapper Yo-Yo on How Do I Look?. Award-winning Recording Artist Aria (singer) Johnson (along with mom) make over sister Jena Johnson in 2010 episode of How Do I Look? Anya Singleton and Michael Aarons wrote the new and currently airing theme song, \"Look How I Shine\" for the show. Anya Singleton sings the theme song. Emmy Award-winning host","title":"How Do I Look?"},{"docid":"6988633","text":"Amazon.co.uk, \"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \"What Do I Have to Do?\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"What Do I Have to Do\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\"","title":"What Do I Have to Do"},{"docid":"15497006","text":"like \"How to have Sex\" and \"Play Fair!\" have been described as key elements of the People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement. Sonnabend called the method presented in the manual a \"do it yourself\" approach that \"did not wait for others to take care of pressing needs.\" As Berkowitz explained, having the power to control one's sex life and to prevent oneself from getting sick was the essence of self-empowerment at a time when AIDS was taking away gay men's sexual freedom and ability to enact a rebellion against heteronormativity through sex. Along with Play Fair!, \"How to have Sex\" was","title":"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic"},{"docid":"16341838","text":"director of photography. The official music video with the release of the song by BNA came in 2005 through the duo Robert Deaton III and George Flanigen IV known as Deaton-Flanigen Productions. It shows grieving family members, including Larsen, on their way to the funeral of a young man, and they contemplating on reasons why he might have committed suicide, at the same time reflecting on their own lives. The music video ends with them arriving at the funeral site. How Do You Get That Lonely \"How Do You Get That Lonely\" is a song written by Rory Feek and","title":"How Do You Get That Lonely"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3517419\",\n \"text\": \"Prince and Jazze Pha, alongside members of Parliament-Funkadelic. The album is compiled from different sessions over the last decade and is presented as a taste of more new Parliament and Funkadelic material to come. Clinton cited it as \\\"one of the best records we've ever done\\\". Despite mixed criticism towards its indulgent style, \\\"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\\\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Credits for \\\"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\\\" adapted from Allmusic. How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? (How Late Do You Have To Be\",\n \"title\": \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3517418\",\n \"text\": \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent? (How Late Do You Have To Be Before You Are Absent?) is a double album by George Clinton & the P-Funk All-Stars, released September 6, 2005 on Clinton's label The C Kunspyruhzy. The album also featured release in France on Nocturne Records. It is their first album of new studio material since 1996's \\\"T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.\\\" (The Awesome Power Of A Fully Operational Mothership), which was primarily due to a lengthy court battle over ownership of Clinton's recordings. \\\"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\\\" features appearances by\",\n \"title\": \"How Late Do U Have 2BB4UR Absent?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16044974\",\n \"text\": \"Wii U version has a Metacritic rating of 68% based on 14 critics. Squids (video game) Squids is a tactical role-playing game by the French studio The Game Bakers, released in October 2011 for iOS devices. A sequel was released entitled \\\"Squids Wild West\\\", and a spin-off called \\\"Squids Odyssey\\\" was also released. The object of the game is to defeat a range of aquatic enemies with a party of up to four anthropomorphic squids, which belong to one of four character classes: stomper (melee fighter), shooter (ranged fighter), scout or healer. Combat is turn-based, but not grid-bound: squids are\",\n \"title\": \"Squids (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16044971\",\n \"text\": \"Squids (video game) Squids is a tactical role-playing game by the French studio The Game Bakers, released in October 2011 for iOS devices. A sequel was released entitled \\\"Squids Wild West\\\", and a spin-off called \\\"Squids Odyssey\\\" was also released. The object of the game is to defeat a range of aquatic enemies with a party of up to four anthropomorphic squids, which belong to one of four character classes: stomper (melee fighter), shooter (ranged fighter), scout or healer. Combat is turn-based, but not grid-bound: squids are flicked across the playing field by a motion of the player's finger, bumping\",\n \"title\": \"Squids (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16044973\",\n \"text\": \"pearls as unbalancing. \\\"Edge\\\" and PocketGamer likewise approved of the game's gameplay and production values but criticized the inclusion of in-game purchases. Squids Wild West is an adventure iOS game developed by The Game Bakers and released on June 27, 2012. The game has a rating of 89% based on 16 critic reviews. Squids Odyssey is a console-style role-playing game released for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. It is a compilation of the game \\\"Squids\\\" and \\\"Squids Wild West\\\", with a new chapter. The Nintendo 3DS version has a Metacritic rating of 72% based on 7 critic reviews, while the\",\n \"title\": \"Squids (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17736987\",\n \"text\": \"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13376224\",\n \"text\": \"How Come You Do Me Like You Do? \\\"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?\\\" is a song written by vaudeville comedy duo Gene Austin and Roy Bergere in 1924. It has later been covered by many artists, and is considered a jazz standard. Austin and Bergere were a vaudeville comedy duet act performing in the East and Midwest. \\\"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?\\\" became a national hit in 1924 for Marion Harris. Austin would later achieve even greater fame with his recording of \\\"My Blue Heaven\\\" in 1927. The song has been covered by many\",\n \"title\": \"How Come You Do Me Like You Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11178872\",\n \"text\": \"speak about their attempts to forge careers in mainstream society and the effect that HIV and AIDS has had on ball culture as many of the subjects featured died of AIDS during or shortly after filming was complete. \\\"How Do I Look\\\" was filmed in New York City and Philadelphia. It premiered at the NewFest Film Festival in New York City in June 2006. The assistant director was Kevin Burrus. \\\"How Do I Look\\\" was released on Region 1 DVD in the United States. How Do I Look How Do I Look is a 2006 American documentary directed by Wolfgang\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Look\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20612988\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Live? The film is about how this particular book entitled \\\"How Do You Live?\\\" is featured prominently in the protagonist’s life. Miyazaki commenced animation work in July 2016, later confirmed by studio executive Toshio Suzuki. With Miyazaki coming out of retirement, Studio Ghibli re-opened with many of the past collaborators working on the project. Numerous contracts for three-year terms were issued. In October 2017, Studio Ghibli announced the film will be titled \\\"How Do You Live?\\\" Toshio Suzuki revealed that Miyazaki is working on the film for his grandson as his way of saying \\\"Grandpa is moving\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Live?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265550\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" have a \\\"glossier and far more commercial\\\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11178870\",\n \"text\": \"How Do I Look How Do I Look is a 2006 American documentary directed by Wolfgang Busch. The film chronicles ball culture in Harlem and Philadelphia over a ten-year period. Wolfgang Busch began interviewing subjects from the ball circuit in the mid-1990s and continued filming for a decade. \\\"How Do I Look\\\" documents the ball culture, which began in the 1920s during the Harlem Renaissance, and has since influenced mainstream artists and musicians. The film follows several ball \\\"legends\\\" such as Willi Ninja, Kevin Ultra-Omni, Octavia St. Laurent, Pepper LaBeija and Jose Xtravaganza. Many of the subjects that are featured\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Look\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265566\",\n \"text\": \"cover version of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", which Josh Middleton of the \\\"Philadelphia\\\" praised as \\\"outstanding\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\". How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9870991\",\n \"text\": \"by Esther McVey. At its height, How Do They Do That? had 12 million viewers watching on Wednesday nights. How Do They Do That? How Do They Do That? is a British television show, produced by Telepictures and Reg Grundy Productions in and broadcast on BBC1 from 25 January 1994 to 23 April 1997. Originally presented by Jenny Hull and Des Lynam, the show explored feats of engineering, organization, and special effects. Each season opened with a stunt apparently performed by one of the presenters, such as a skydiver crash-landing into the studio, a car chase, or the entire studio\",\n \"title\": \"How Do They Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20612989\",\n \"text\": \"onto the next world soon but he is leaving this film behind because he loves you\\\". A release date has not been announced, although the film is predicted to be released near the time of the 2020 Summer Olympics. How Do You Live? The film is about how this particular book entitled \\\"How Do You Live?\\\" is featured prominently in the protagonist’s life. Miyazaki commenced animation work in July 2016, later confirmed by studio executive Toshio Suzuki. With Miyazaki coming out of retirement, Studio Ghibli re-opened with many of the past collaborators working on the project. Numerous contracts for three-year\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Live?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18797880\",\n \"text\": \"meme and has since then been featured in many of Khaled's later singles, most notably For Free, which features Canadian entertainer Drake, and in Do You Mind, which features Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, August Alsina, Jeremih, Future, and Rick Ross. How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) \\\"How Many Times\\\" is the third single by DJ Khaled, featuring Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Big Sean from Khaled's eighth studio album \\\"I Changed a Lot\\\". It was released on May 12, 2015, as the third single from Khaled's eighth studio album, \\\"I Changed a Lot\\\" (2015). A music video for the song\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Times (DJ Khaled song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265545\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466866\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Many Fucks\\\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \\\"sexy\\\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \\\"risqué\\\" outfits. \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \\\"Daily Mail\\\" stated that the single would likely \\\"lift her from relative obscurity\\\" and joked that the lyrics \\\"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\\\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" is a pop rap\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466865\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17736986\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \\\"How Many Birds\\\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11647283\",\n \"text\": \"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \\\"American Idol\\\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11647282\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466870\",\n \"text\": \"Housewives of Beverly Hills\\\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2563630\",\n \"text\": \"Ozric Tentacles Ozric Tentacles (also known as The Ozrics) are an English instrumental rock band, whose music incorporates elements from a diverse range of genres, including psychedelic rock, progressive rock, space rock, jazz fusion, electronic music, dub music, world music, and ambient music. Formed in Somerset in 1983, the band has released over 30 albums selling over a million copies worldwide despite never having signed to a major recording label. Throughout many line-up changes over the years, co-founder and guitarist Ed Wynne has remained the only original member of the band. The band is now credited as one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Ozric Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9597977\",\n \"text\": \"Tentacles Convention The Tentacles Convention was an international role-playing game convention held annually at Stahleck Castle in Germany on Pentecost. Tentacles was dedicated to games set in Glorantha such as \\\"HeroQuest\\\" and \\\"RuneQuest\\\", as well as \\\"Call of Cthulhu\\\", \\\"Stormbringer\\\" and \\\"Hawkmoon\\\". Tentacles Convention was hosted by the \\\"RuneQuest Gesellschaft e.V.\\\" (better known outside of Germany as \\\"The Chaos Society\\\") every year from 1996 to 2009. During that time, Tentacles, and Convulsiion followed by Continuum were the only periodically held Glorantha conventions in Europe. Most of the about 180 guests were fans and authors of the supported game systems. The\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles Convention\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1368275\",\n \"text\": \"Alternative Tentacles Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. It was used by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single \\\"California Über Alles\\\". After realizing the potential for an independent label, they released records for other bands as well. Dead Kennedys guitarist East Bay Ray and vocalist Jello Biafra formed Alternative Tentacles, but Biafra became the owner in the mid-1980s. Alternative Tentacles no longer owns the rights to Dead Kennedys recordings after a 2000 lawsuit. Alternative Tentacles subsequently released records of other bands of the alternative/punk scene including releasing records (which were later\",\n \"title\": \"Alternative Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10833145\",\n \"text\": \"was replaced by \\\"From Me to You\\\" (the Beatles' third single). It was the title song of a seven-inch EP record also featuring \\\"Away From You\\\", \\\"I Like It\\\" and \\\"It's Happened to Me\\\" (Columbia SEG8257, released July 1963). The single entered the US charts on 5 July 1964, eventually reaching number nine. How Do You Do It? \\\"How Do You Do It?\\\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10833143\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Do It? \\\"How Do You Do It?\\\" was the debut single by Liverpudlian band Gerry and the Pacemakers. The song was number one in the UK Singles Chart on 11 April 1963, where it stayed for three weeks. The song was written by Mitch Murray, who offered it to Adam Faith and Brian Poole but was turned down. George Martin of EMI decided to pick it up for the new group he was producing, the Beatles, as the A-side of their first record. The Beatles recorded the song but opposed releasing it, feeling that it did not\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17436758\",\n \"text\": \"additional channel called HISHE Kids, with the show \\\"Fixed Fairy Tales\\\". The \\\"Super Cafe / Villain's Pub\\\" is a segment that debuted at the end of \\\"How Superman Should Have Ended\\\" which featured Superman discussing the alternate events of the 1978 \\\"Superman\\\" film in a cafe with Batman, which began the trend of the \\\"Super Cafe\\\". Though it is thought to be based on \\\"Seinfeld\\\", the clips are actually based on the final scene of Daniel Baxter's favorite film, \\\"Swingers\\\", with Superman standing in for Trent and Batman standing in for Mike. In various superhero episodes of \\\"How it Should\",\n \"title\": \"How It Should Have Ended\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18745842\",\n \"text\": \"game, \\\"FIFA 15\\\" \\\"Somebody New\\\" is featured in Konami video game, \\\"Pro Evolution Soccer 2016\\\" How Do You Feel Now? How Do You Feel Now? is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Joywave, released through Cultco Music and Hollywood Records on April 21, 2015. The album is a follow-up to the band's second extended play, \\\"How Do You Feel?\\\", which was released earlier in 2014. It was co-produced by band members Daniel Armbruster and Sean Donnelly and was recorded during 2013 and 2014. Four official singles have been released from the album: \\\"Tongues\\\", \\\"Somebody New\\\", \\\"Destruction\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Feel Now?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18745841\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Feel Now? How Do You Feel Now? is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Joywave, released through Cultco Music and Hollywood Records on April 21, 2015. The album is a follow-up to the band's second extended play, \\\"How Do You Feel?\\\", which was released earlier in 2014. It was co-produced by band members Daniel Armbruster and Sean Donnelly and was recorded during 2013 and 2014. Four official singles have been released from the album: \\\"Tongues\\\", \\\"Somebody New\\\", \\\"Destruction\\\", and \\\"Now\\\". The song, \\\"Tongues\\\" featuring KOPPS, is included in the soundtrack of EA Sports video\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Feel Now?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17436752\",\n \"text\": \"How It Should Have Ended How It Should Have Ended (HISHE) is an animated webseries that parodies popular films by creating alternate endings and pointing out various flaws. Endings for many major movies have been presented, using the tagline ‘sometimes movies don't finish the way we'd like’. \\\"How It Should Have Ended\\\" began after Daniel Baxter and Tommy Watson started discussing alternate endings for a movie they had watched. In 2005 their first animation \\\"How Matrix Revolutions Should Have Ended\\\" was completed and soon after in July 2005 the website was established. Christina \\\"Tina\\\" Alexander, who has previously worked with\",\n \"title\": \"How It Should Have Ended\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17978639\",\n \"text\": \"Shawn Handling gave the movie a highly negative review and concluded,\\\"I think it’s one of the worst that has been produced and should have been sunk with the rest of those missing ships.\\\" Bermuda Tentacles Bermuda Tentacles is an American made-for-television science fiction horror film directed by Nick Lyon. It starred Linda Hamilton and featured ensemble cast of Trevor Donovan, Mýa, John Savage and Jamie Kennedy. The movie premiered April 12, 2014 on the Syfy channel and garnered largely negative reviews. When Air Force One goes down over the Bermuda Triangle, the Navy sends its best rescue team. But in\",\n \"title\": \"Bermuda Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15966449\",\n \"text\": \"the album a \\\"civically revivalist Motown / Ford homage\\\" and stated, \\\"What we're hearing here is the Temptations turning into the Delfonics—the way his midrange gives up the verse and his falsetto takes the chorus is as nice as his boyish sexism.\\\" Credits for \\\"How Do You Do\\\" adapted from AllMusic. Musicians Production How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album) How Do You Do is the second studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on October 11, 2011, by Universal Republic Records. The limited edition box set of the album gave Hawthorne his first Grammy Award nomination\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15966445\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album) How Do You Do is the second studio album by American singer Mayer Hawthorne. It was released on October 11, 2011, by Universal Republic Records. The limited edition box set of the album gave Hawthorne his first Grammy Award nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package in 2014. The album's lead single, \\\"A Long Time\\\", was released on May 23, 2011. The album's second single, \\\"The Walk\\\", was released on August 29, 2011. \\\"How Do You Do\\\" received generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do (Mayer Hawthorne album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9658330\",\n \"text\": \"about how many could perch at the same time on the head of a pin\\\"\\\". Dorothy L. Sayers argued that the question was \\\"simply a debating exercise\\\" and that the answer \\\"usually adjudged correct\\\" was stated as, \\\"Angels are pure intelligences, not material, but limited, so that they have location in space, but not extension.\\\" Sayers compares the question to that of how many people's thoughts can be concentrated upon a particular pin at the same time. She concludes that infinitely many angels can be located on the head of a pin, since they do not occupy any space there:\",\n \"title\": \"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265547\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \\\"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\\\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and wrote it with Lil'\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265546\",\n \"text\": \"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" peaked at number 75 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17173777\",\n \"text\": \"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17173776\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5225108\",\n \"text\": \"It\\\" becoming even bigger on pop radio only a few weeks after \\\"How We Do\\\" had peaked. Dr. Dre had produced \\\"How We Do\\\" during his time in N.W.A. The music video was directed by Hype Williams; it features cameos by Dr. Dre and Olivia. It showcases night shots of Los Angeles; as well as a Dodge Magnum, driven by The Game, and a Cadillac Escalade, driven by 50 Cent; as it finally cuts to a nightclub. Carmelo Anthony can be briefly seen towards the end, raising a glass of champagne. How We Do (song) \\\"How We Do\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"How We Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16426127\",\n \"text\": \"How We Do (Party) \\\"How We Do (Party)\\\" is a song by British singer Rita Ora, from her debut studio album, \\\"Ora\\\". It was released as the lead single from the album in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand on 20 March 2012. Upon its release, \\\"How We Do (Party)\\\" peaked inside the top-ten in Australia and New Zealand. It was released as the album's second single in Ireland on 10 August 2012 and in the United Kingdom on 12 August 2012, and reached number-one in both regions. \\\"How We Do (Party)\\\" is a pop and R&B song.\",\n \"title\": \"How We Do (Party)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18049110\",\n \"text\": \"1 on many AOR (Album Oriented Rock) stations. The single also hit big in Australia (number 19) and New Zealand (number 3). AllMusic critic Mike DeGagne assessed \\\"How Do I Make You\\\" as \\\"a far cry from the ballads, the love songs, and the ample amount of cover versions that [Ronstadt] had charted with in the past\\\" saying \\\"[the track's] quick tempo and pulsating pace had Ronstadt showing some new wave spunk mixed with a desire to rock out a little.\\\" However, \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" critic Stephen Holden, felt that on \\\"How Do I Make You\\\" Ronstadt \\\"frankly imitates Deborah Harry,\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Make You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7319705\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"most representative cut\\\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \\\"strained and unconvincing\\\". How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7319704\",\n \"text\": \"Wolf's \\\"How Many More Years\\\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \\\"Dazed and Confused\\\". In a contemporary review for \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" called \\\"How Many More Times\\\" as the album's\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7319702\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \\\"Guitar World\\\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \\\"was\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17274670\",\n \"text\": \"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17274665\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\\\". It was a double-sided hit with \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265554\",\n \"text\": \"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \\\"Billboard\\\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \\\"Lil' Kim Essentials\\\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \\\"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\\\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \\\"Oops\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7481355\",\n \"text\": \"calling it an \\\"odd number, where her lyrics swing from actually-clever ('suckin' real bad at Mariah Carey-oke') to a bit worrisome ('getting' our nails did / all Japanese-y').\\\" While calling it \\\"a Ke$ha-grade throwdown\\\", Sal Cinquemani of \\\"Slant Magazine\\\" claimed that the track \\\"features possibly the dumbest lyric of the year.\\\" Philip Matusavage of musicOMH felt that the song \\\"is so clearly calculated to every second that it instead feels cynical.\\\" \\\"This Is How We Do\\\" first charted on South Korea's Gaon Download Chart and the Canadian Hot 100 when its parent album was released, debuting at number 73, with\",\n \"title\": \"This Is How We Do\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2563646\",\n \"text\": \"the early days, the band even invited fans to send them blank cassettes, which they filled with tracks and returned. The AV-400 MHz NMR machine of the chemistry department of The University of Warwick (UK) is nicknamed \\\"Ozric\\\" in honour of the band allegedly by multinuclear NMR expert and Ozric Tentacles fan Jon Rourke. Ozric Tentacles Ozric Tentacles (also known as The Ozrics) are an English instrumental rock band, whose music incorporates elements from a diverse range of genres, including psychedelic rock, progressive rock, space rock, jazz fusion, electronic music, dub music, world music, and ambient music. Formed in Somerset\",\n \"title\": \"Ozric Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17978638\",\n \"text\": \"Bermuda Tentacles Bermuda Tentacles is an American made-for-television science fiction horror film directed by Nick Lyon. It starred Linda Hamilton and featured ensemble cast of Trevor Donovan, Mýa, John Savage and Jamie Kennedy. The movie premiered April 12, 2014 on the Syfy channel and garnered largely negative reviews. When Air Force One goes down over the Bermuda Triangle, the Navy sends its best rescue team. But in saving the President, the team awakens a monster which threatens America's entire Eastern Seaboard and, ultimately, the world. \\\"Bermuda Tentacles\\\" was released to DVD in September 9, 2014. Writing for online website \\\"HorrorNews.Net\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Bermuda Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14072918\",\n \"text\": \"Tentacles (novel) Tentacles is a 2009 young adult science fiction novel by Roland Smith and the sequel to \\\"Cryptid Hunters\\\". It is one of 25 award-winning books by Smith. At Barnes & Noble, it has a sales rank of 18,005 and on the \\\"Lexile\\\" scale, it received a rating equal to \\\"740L\\\". It is reviewed by Barnes & Noble as a \\\"must purchase\\\" for libraries and schools. School Library Journal describes it as \\\"a high-octane page-turner\\\". \\\"Tentacles\\\" begins as the protagonists from \\\"Cryptid Hunters\\\" board the \\\"Coelacanth\\\", a presumably haunted ship, on a voyage led by Dr. Wolfe to capture\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1368280\",\n \"text\": \"to the Dead Kennedys albums turned over to the other band members, who licensed them to Manifesto Records in the United States (and to other labels in the rest of the world). Dead Kennedys albums accounted for about half of all sales by Alternative Tentacles, leading to financial uncertainty for the label. In October 2002, the label moved to Emeryville, California. Alternative Tentacles Alternative Tentacles is an independent record label established in 1979 in San Francisco, California. It was used by the Dead Kennedys for the self-produced single \\\"California Über Alles\\\". After realizing the potential for an independent label, they\",\n \"title\": \"Alternative Tentacles\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10534989\",\n \"text\": \"next plastic victim will get nabbed\\\". Tentacles (film) Tentacles (Italian title: \\\"Tentacoli\\\") is a 1977 Italian-American horror film directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and starring John Huston, Shelley Winters, Bo Hopkins and Henry Fonda. Although the film was intended to cash in on the success of \\\"Jaws\\\", \\\"Tentacles\\\" also bears numerous resemblances to the 1955 science fiction horror film \\\"It Came from Beneath the Sea\\\". Solana Beach, a seaside tourist resort, has come under attack by a giant octopus, which captures and devours human swimmers and boaters, picking the skeletons clean of flesh and bone marrow. Marine expert Will Gleason\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10534984\",\n \"text\": \"Tentacles (film) Tentacles (Italian title: \\\"Tentacoli\\\") is a 1977 Italian-American horror film directed by Ovidio G. Assonitis and starring John Huston, Shelley Winters, Bo Hopkins and Henry Fonda. Although the film was intended to cash in on the success of \\\"Jaws\\\", \\\"Tentacles\\\" also bears numerous resemblances to the 1955 science fiction horror film \\\"It Came from Beneath the Sea\\\". Solana Beach, a seaside tourist resort, has come under attack by a giant octopus, which captures and devours human swimmers and boaters, picking the skeletons clean of flesh and bone marrow. Marine expert Will Gleason (Hopkins) and crusading newspaper reporter Ned\",\n \"title\": \"Tentacles (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16044972\",\n \"text\": \"like billiard-balls into enemies to attack them. In between the linear (but repeatable) levels, which are interconnected by cutscenes that develop the game's story, players can level up their squids or enhance them with items that can be bought with pearls, which in turn are found in-game or available to purchase for real currency. The game was well received upon its release, obtaining a 76% aggregated score on Metacritic by the start of November 2011. Gamezebo praised the game's \\\"pitch-perfect\\\" gameplay, graphics and sound. TouchArcade appreciated the game's \\\"inventive, grid-less, and active\\\" combat mechanic, but criticized the ability to purchase\",\n \"title\": \"Squids (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13231793\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon? \\\"How Many Miles to Babylon\\\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3079265\",\n \"text\": \"do appear similar to the larvae, no specimens or samples of the adults have been taken, leaving their exact identity unknown. Almost nothing is known about the feeding behavior of these squid. Scientists have speculated that bigfin squid feed by dragging their arms and tentacles along the seafloor, and grabbing edible organisms off the floor. Alternatively, they may simply use a trapping technique, waiting passively for prey to bump into their arms. (See Cephalopod intelligence.) Bigfin squid Bigfin squids are a group of rarely seen cephalopods with a distinctive morphology. They are placed in the genus Magnapinna and family Magnapinnidae.\",\n \"title\": \"Bigfin squid\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5905352\",\n \"text\": \"One time, \\\"How do you like Wednesday?\\\" presented a special prime time edition, \\\"We Show You All the Backstage Scenes of 30 Hours Television!\\\". A spoof on telethons, the special featured nothing but a series of live commercials scattered over a 30-hour period, few seconds each. The last series of regular episodes, titled \\\"The Last Run\\\". This time, they have to go through Vietnam by mopeds, where the flood of countless mopeds goes across streets. How do you like Wednesday? The series achieved a record 18.6% viewing share on December 8, 1999, the highest share for a late-night program on\",\n \"title\": \"How do you like Wednesday?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19171723\",\n \"text\": \"them interesting, storylines that we’re not invested in, and action that’s not exciting. This episode would have been better left unaired\\\". Stacy Glanzman of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars. How Does She Do It? \\\"How Does She Do It?\\\" is the fourth episode in the first season of the CBS television series \\\"Supergirl\\\", which aired on November 23, 2015. It was written by Yahlin Chang and Ted Sullivan, and directed by Thor Freudenthal. The episode centers on Kara dealing with babysitting Cat Grant's son while on vacation while tackling a series of attempted bombings\",\n \"title\": \"How Does She Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7039398\",\n \"text\": \"Story\\\" from artist Taylor Swift, which has been certified 8× Platinum. Despite only peaking as high as No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart, Rimes' version of \\\"How Do I Live\\\" spent 34 weeks on the chart, ending up as the 6th best selling single of 1998. As of August 2014, the song has sold 710,000 copies in the UK. \\\"How Do I Live\\\" was also covered by F.I.R. (Faye and Real featuring LeAnn Rimes). F.I.R. invited Rimes to record a portion of the song for their third album \\\"Flight Tribe\\\" in 2006. \\\"Billboard\\\" ranked \\\"How Do I Live\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Live\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5225105\",\n \"text\": \"How We Do (song) \\\"How We Do\\\" is a song by American rapper and West Coast hip hop artist The Game, featuring rapper 50 Cent from his debut album, \\\"The Documentary\\\". Produced by Dr. Dre, Mike Elizondo, it was released as the album's second official single in late 2004. \\\"How We Do\\\" achieved commercial success worldwide. The track peaked within the top 10 in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany and New Zealand. The single was commercially successful in the United States, peaking at #4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and remaining on the chart for\",\n \"title\": \"How We Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15595616\",\n \"text\": \"but all fast-casual chains.” It has also been called the \\\"most unique sushi restaurant you will ever visit.\\\" A local news station reported that there is \\\"nothing like it in the rest of the country.\\\" How Do You Roll? How Do You Roll? was a franchise fast-casual sushi restaurant, headquartered in Austin, Texas. The first How Do You Roll? location opened in October 2008 and the company began franchising in early 2010. As of April 2016, it had stores operating in California and Florida. but had gone out of business by January 30, 2017. Yuen Yung and his brother Peter\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Roll?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15595612\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Roll? How Do You Roll? was a franchise fast-casual sushi restaurant, headquartered in Austin, Texas. The first How Do You Roll? location opened in October 2008 and the company began franchising in early 2010. As of April 2016, it had stores operating in California and Florida. but had gone out of business by January 30, 2017. Yuen Yung and his brother Peter Yung grew up in Chinatown, Manhattan. Yuen received his finance degree from the University of Texas and worked as a partner at Kenty, Yung, Ozias & Associates, a financial services firm. Peter started in the\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Roll?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14429278\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Know How Do You Know is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks and starring Reese Witherspoon, Paul Rudd, Owen Wilson, and Jack Nicholson. It was the third film to feature Witherspoon and Rudd following 1998’s \\\"Overnight Delivery\\\" and 2009’s \\\"Monsters vs. Aliens\\\". The film was shot in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.. \\\"How Do You Know\\\" was released theatrically on December 17, 2010, and was a box office bomb, grossing $49 million against a $100 million net budget. Softball player Lisa Jorgenson is devastated when she is left off the\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Know\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10290238\",\n \"text\": \"How Do I Breathe \\\"How Do I Breathe\\\" is an R&B single by Mario. It is the first single from his third studio album \\\"Go\\\". The single was released on May 15, 2007. It was produced by Stargate. On the issue date of July 7, 2007, the single debuted on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 at number 91. \\\"How Do I Breathe\\\" also debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 30 on download sales alone, the day before the physical release of the song. It also became Mario's last charting single in the UK. The song also peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Breathe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16987905\",\n \"text\": \"year. How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) \\\"How Do You Do\\\" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16987904\",\n \"text\": \"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song) \\\"How Do You Do\\\" released in 1971 was an international hit single for Dutch duo Mouth & MacNeal. It was #1 in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, and New Zealand. It also spent 19 weeks in the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 a year later, and a cover version by Scots-German duo Die Windows (later Windows) reached #1 in Germany. The single earned Mouth & MacNeal, and its composers Hans van Hemert and Harry van Hoof, the 1972 Buma Export Award for the most records sold abroad by a Dutch musical act in that\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do (Mouth & MacNeal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265553\",\n \"text\": \"a Little Doe\\\", a track from her 1996 album \\\"Hard Core\\\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \\\"Funny How Time Flies\\\". The rapper further introduces herself as \\\"the female Mack\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \\\"Salon\\\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \\\"playfully ripe side\\\" from \\\"Hard Core\\\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \\\"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\\\", citing the\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15496963\",\n \"text\": \"and the descriptions below should not be presumed to be the medical consensus.\\\" Callen, Berkowitz and Sonnabend begin this section by stating that, regardless of how controversial and subjective the question may be, some people with AIDS do continue to have sex after being infected, whether knowingly or unknowingly, although many may be so incapacitated that sex is \\\"the furthest thing from their minds.\\\" The solution, they argue, does not involve treating people with AIDS (PWA) like lepers, as they are just as human as the rest of the population, desire the same human contact and will simply end up\",\n \"title\": \"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15496953\",\n \"text\": \"an Epidemic\\\" was the first sex-positive manuals for safe sex—in other words, it did not present sex in a negative, shameful or moralistic light. Sonnabend writes in the introduction to the booklet that one of their goals was to \\\"explore the many different forms of sexual expression open to gay men.\\\" As David France later recounted, the authors actively tried to avoid condescension or arrogance in their writing (despite the fact that Callen himself had acknowledged that telling people how to have sex is inherently an arrogant thing to do), instead attempting to establish a dialogue, \\\"queen to queen,\\\" between\",\n \"title\": \"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18049111\",\n \"text\": \"the lead vocalist of defining new wave act Blondie. He further described the song as \\\"Buddy Holly-like\\\" and that it roughly brackets \\\"How Do I Make You\\\" with earlier Ronstadt hits \\\"That'll Be the Day\\\" (1976) and \\\"It's So Easy\\\" (1977), both remakes of Buddy Holly records. The 1980 album \\\"Chipmunk Punk\\\" by Alvin and the Chipmunks featured a cover of \\\"How Do I Make You.\\\" How Do I Make You \\\"How Do I Make You\\\" was a Top 10 hit song composed by Billy Steinberg and recorded by Linda Ronstadt in 1980. Steinberg stated that he was \\\"a little\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Make You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18049107\",\n \"text\": \"How Do I Make You \\\"How Do I Make You\\\" was a Top 10 hit song composed by Billy Steinberg and recorded by Linda Ronstadt in 1980. Steinberg stated that he was \\\"a little bit influenced\\\" by the Knack hit \\\"My Sharona\\\" in writing \\\"How Do I Make You.\\\" He originally recorded the song with his band Billy Thermal as one of several demos produced while the band was signed to Planet Records. The label ultimately did not release these songs. However, several Billy Thermal demos, including \\\"How Do I Make You\\\", were eventually included on a \\\"Billy Thermal\\\" EP\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Make You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8011299\",\n \"text\": \"duo BomKrash, which consisted of Jacob Hellner and Carl-Michael Herlöfsson. According to Ultimate Guitar, \\\"How Do You Do!\\\" is an uptempo pop rock song written in common time with a tempo of 121 beats per minute. It utilises a common trait found in Roxette compositions of the verse using a different key signature than the chorus. The verse is composed in C, and consists of three repetitions of a basic C–F–G–F sequence, followed by one shortened sequence of C–F–G. The pre-chorus makes use of a power chord structure, and consists of a sequence of Am–G–F–C–Em, which is then amended to\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Do!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16486375\",\n \"text\": \"You\\\" accompanied with Say It Anyway\\\". How I Do How I Do is the debut studio album by recording artist Res. It was released on 26 June 2001 and spent nine weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, with the singles \\\"Golden Boys\\\" and \\\"They-Say Vision\\\" also charting. As of June 2002, the album has sold 172,000 units in United States. On the standard edition of the album the final track Tsunami has the hidden track \\\"Say It Anyway\\\" on the end, whereas on the iTunes and special edition CD version of the album comes with Tsunami as an individual track\",\n \"title\": \"How I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16486374\",\n \"text\": \"How I Do How I Do is the debut studio album by recording artist Res. It was released on 26 June 2001 and spent nine weeks on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 chart, with the singles \\\"Golden Boys\\\" and \\\"They-Say Vision\\\" also charting. As of June 2002, the album has sold 172,000 units in United States. On the standard edition of the album the final track Tsunami has the hidden track \\\"Say It Anyway\\\" on the end, whereas on the iTunes and special edition CD version of the album comes with Tsunami as an individual track and a bonus track called \\\"Toxic\",\n \"title\": \"How I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3323181\",\n \"text\": \"track \\\"Shopping\\\" is frequently featured as background music in British television news and current affairs programs dealing with retail business issues and as bumper music on home shopping shows. This is despite the fact that the song is actually a critique of privatisation in 1980s Britain, and has little to do with actual shopping. \\\"Shopping\\\" was also used in a season 1 episode of the Disney Channel television series \\\"Lizzie McGuire\\\". Pet Shop Boys Guest musicians Technical ! scope=\\\"row\\\"| Worldwide Actually Actually (stylised as Pet Shop Boys, actually.) is the second studio album by English synth-pop duo Pet Shop Boys.\",\n \"title\": \"Actually\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17274667\",\n \"text\": \"Midnight\\\", described by Phillips as \\\"the most different record I ever heard\\\", was probably recorded at a different session. Phillips had not yet set up Sun Records and regularly leased his recordings to the Chess label in Chicago. The record was issued as Chess 1479 on 15 September 1951, with \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\" as the A-side and \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as the B-side. \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\" entered the R&B chart on 10 November 1951, and was followed four weeks later by \\\"How Many More Years\\\", which became the more popular side and rose to no.4 on the chart. The\",\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8814990\",\n \"text\": \"of contact lenses. Commercial breaks are often trailed with segments featuring quick fashion tips directed at the viewer. These tips are often solutions to common fashion faux pas and are presented either by the host or that episode's featured stylist. Grammy nominated rapper Yo-Yo on How Do I Look?. Award-winning Recording Artist Aria (singer) Johnson (along with mom) make over sister Jena Johnson in 2010 episode of How Do I Look? Anya Singleton and Michael Aarons wrote the new and currently airing theme song, \\\"Look How I Shine\\\" for the show. Anya Singleton sings the theme song. Emmy Award-winning host\",\n \"title\": \"How Do I Look?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6988633\",\n \"text\": \"Amazon.co.uk, \\\"Her most outrageous but greatest video moment is where she parodies certain movie stars in the chic video for \\\"What Do I Have to Do?\\\", and because of her heavy eye make-up almost earns herself the title drag-queen Kylie (watch out for sister Dannii who briefly stars in the video, wearing a blonde wig).\\\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\". Minogue performed the song on the following concert tours: The song was also performed on: What Do I Have to Do \\\"What Do I Have to Do\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Do I Have to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15497006\",\n \"text\": \"like \\\"How to have Sex\\\" and \\\"Play Fair!\\\" have been described as key elements of the People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement. Sonnabend called the method presented in the manual a \\\"do it yourself\\\" approach that \\\"did not wait for others to take care of pressing needs.\\\" As Berkowitz explained, having the power to control one's sex life and to prevent oneself from getting sick was the essence of self-empowerment at a time when AIDS was taking away gay men's sexual freedom and ability to enact a rebellion against heteronormativity through sex. Along with Play Fair!, \\\"How to have Sex\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"How to Have Sex in an Epidemic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16341838\",\n \"text\": \"director of photography. The official music video with the release of the song by BNA came in 2005 through the duo Robert Deaton III and George Flanigen IV known as Deaton-Flanigen Productions. It shows grieving family members, including Larsen, on their way to the funeral of a young man, and they contemplating on reasons why he might have committed suicide, at the same time reflecting on their own lives. The music video ends with them arriving at the funeral site. How Do You Get That Lonely \\\"How Do You Get That Lonely\\\" is a song written by Rory Feek and\",\n \"title\": \"How Do You Get That Lonely\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":279,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"280"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Who was the first African-American speaker of the California State Assembly?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"2791476","text":"Companies to operate ridesharing services in California. Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. \"The San Francisco Chronicle\" called Brown \"one of San Francisco's most notable mayors\" who had \"celebrity beyond the","title":"Willie Brown (politician)"},{"docid":"2791422","text":"Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. \"The San Francisco Chronicle\" called Brown \"one of San Francisco's most notable mayors\" who had \"celebrity beyond the city's boundaries.\" Born in Mineola, Texas, Brown","title":"Willie Brown (politician)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"2791476\",\n \"text\": \"Companies to operate ridesharing services in California. Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. \\\"The San Francisco Chronicle\\\" called Brown \\\"one of San Francisco's most notable mayors\\\" who had \\\"celebrity beyond the\",\n \"title\": \"Willie Brown (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2791422\",\n \"text\": \"Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and later served as the 41st mayor of San Francisco, the first African American to do so. Under the current California term-limits law, no Speaker of the California State Assembly will be permitted to have a longer tenure than Brown's. \\\"The San Francisco Chronicle\\\" called Brown \\\"one of San Francisco's most notable mayors\\\" who had \\\"celebrity beyond the city's boundaries.\\\" Born in Mineola, Texas, Brown\",\n \"title\": \"Willie Brown (politician)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18725746","text":"the incumbent speaker is Rt. Hon. Mudashiru A. Obasa Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the","title":"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly"},{"docid":"18725745","text":"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the 1st Legislative Assembly is Rt. Hon Oladosun Oshinowo and","title":"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly"},{"docid":"7660227","text":"the Legislative Assembly result in a tie, and should the Speaker be unable to act, the Deputy Speaker may act in his or her place. Decisions of the Speaker are not subject to debate or appeal. The former Speaker, Hunter Tootoo, was elected by MLAs on June 1, 2011. Tootoo, who was most recently Nunavut's Minister for Education prior to taking up his new role, is the longest-serving Member of the Nunavut Legislative Assembly, and the only Member who was present in the first Assembly, opened in 1999. Notes: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut"},{"docid":"15690623","text":"Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly are fixed by the Legislature of the State by law. Such salaries and allowances are specified in the Second Schedule. Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"11447115","text":"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed since the creation of the Legislative Assembly in 1890 under the \"Constitution Act 1889\". The current Speaker is Labor MLA Peter Watson, who has held the role since the 2017 state election. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position. As with the other states and territories, the Speaker continues","title":"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"13283812","text":"the first meeting of the Assembly after an election. Unlike the Speaker of the British House of Commons, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly does not need to be a member of the Assembly, although the Speaker must be eligible to stand as a MLA. The MLAs also elect a Deputy Speaker, in the same manner as the Speaker, who acts as presiding officer in the absence of the Speaker. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected for the life of the Legislative Assembly although they can be removed by a motion of no confidence supported by at least","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands"},{"docid":"13376771","text":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting vote. Louis Cools-Lartigue, OBE, was Speaker","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica"},{"docid":"11663380","text":"of Representatives. Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya"},{"docid":"11663379","text":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and the House","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya"},{"docid":"10038693","text":"Agreement) Act 2006 she was appointed Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007. One of the first items of business for the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007 was to elect a new Speaker from the MLAs elected in March 2007. The only nominee was William Hay, DUP member for Foyle and he was elected unopposed. In May 2011 the new position of Principal Deputy Speaker was created. Sinn Féin deputy speaker Francie Molloy was subsequently elected to the new position in June 2011. During the first meeting of a new Assembly a Speaker is elected.","title":"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly"},{"docid":"11265873","text":"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses of bills on third reading, amending legislation, and publishing the bills, journals, files, and histories of the lower house. Historically, persons who have served as Chief Clerk have possessed an advanced degree when they were elected (e.g., M.A. or J.D.). In California,","title":"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly"},{"docid":"19443085","text":"non-violent — exit. Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades","title":"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly"},{"docid":"19443068","text":"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades included non-security features","title":"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly"},{"docid":"13163420","text":"were appointed by the Governor. Shortly after independence in 1964, appointed Speaker of the renamed National Assembly Thomas Williams stepped down and was replaced by Wesley Nyirenda, who was the MP for Fort Jameson. Nyrienda remained a constituency MP. After Nyirenda resigned in 1968, Speakers were appointed from outside the National Assembly by a vote of Assembly members. Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia"},{"docid":"9139287","text":"Speaker are both absent, the House must choose a member to act as Speaker for that day. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland"},{"docid":"13376772","text":"of its predecessor, the Legislative Council. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica"},{"docid":"2667887","text":"members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to three two-year terms (six years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms. Members of the California State Assembly are generally referred to using the titles Assemblyman (for men), Assemblywoman (for women), or Assemblymember (gender-neutral). They convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, the Democrats control 60 seats, a supermajority of the chamber. Republicans control 20 seats. The Speaker presides over","title":"California State Assembly"},{"docid":"16087392","text":"did not obstruct or disrupt the proceedings in the Assembly at the time. \"In the result,\" continued Mahomed CJ, \"the appellant has failed to persuade me that the National Assembly had any constitutional authority to suspend the respondent from the National Assembly in the circumstances disclosed by the evidence adduced before the High Court.\" Accordingly, the suspension of a Member of the Assembly in those circumstances did not have constitutional authority and was void. De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law,","title":"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly"},{"docid":"15690610","text":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. Many bodies also have a speaker \"pro tempore\" or deputy speaker,","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"13163419","text":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, but cannot be a sitting member. The post of Speaker was first created on 10 November 1948 when the Governor appointed Thomas Spurgeon Page to preside over the Legislative Council following the 1948 general elections. Previously the Governor had also held the position of the President of the Legislative Council. The Speakers of the Legislative Council","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia"},{"docid":"20652154","text":"Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana The Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Ghana. The current speaker is Mike Oquaye. He was elected on 7 January 2017. The first speaker of the Parliament of Ghana was Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist who was Speaker of the National Assembly from independence on 6 March 1957 until December 1957. Prior to Ghana's independence, the Governor of Ghana presided over the legislative council. This changed in 1949 when Emmanuel Quist became its first African president. The Legislative Council elected Quist as its first speaker in 1951.","title":"Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana"},{"docid":"9139281","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the longest period of continuous service presides during the election, which is conducted by secret ballot. The Government","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland"},{"docid":"5853015","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only exceptions have","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario"},{"docid":"7660226","text":"Speakers of the various other Canadian legislatures. The Speaker is responsible for enforcing the Rules of the Legislative Assembly, and indeed the responsibilities of this office are also set out by these Rules. The Speaker is also the Chairperson of the Management and Services Board, which is tasked with the administration of the Legislative Assembly Precinct and the Office of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker is elected on the first sitting day of the Assembly following a general election. Business may not commence before a Speaker is elected. The Speaker holds a casting vote should any vote of Members of","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut"},{"docid":"14746816","text":"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker \"shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba\". His or her function is to \"preside at each sitting of the Maneaba\" (art.72). The website of the House of Assembly indicates that his \"decision on a point of","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)"},{"docid":"5853021","text":"of the Legislature maintains a residence at the Legislature, known as the Speaker's Apartment. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers.","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario"},{"docid":"10038692","text":"of the Assembly Business Committee. The first person to hold the position was Lord Alderdice, appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in 1998. Prior to devolution in December 1999 the position was referred to as the Initial Presiding Officer. Alderdice left office in 2004. Eileen Bell held the office of Speaker in the Assembly established under the Northern Ireland Act 2006 which met between May and October 2006 and in the Transitional Assembly established under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006 which met between November 2006 and May 2007. Under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews","title":"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly"},{"docid":"7676793","text":"not open Parliament until a Speaker is elected. Prior practice had been for the Premier to select the Speaker and have that selection ratified by a vote of the legislative assembly. The Legislative Assembly also appoints a Deputy Speaker, who presides in the absence of the Speaker. During the 38th Parliament, which was elected in the BC general election held on May 17, 2005, the position of Assistant Deputy Speaker was created. This office is usually held by an MLA who represents the official opposition party. Traditionally, the Speaker has been a member of the governing party, current Speaker Darryl","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia"},{"docid":"20635047","text":"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election cycle, the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw will convene their first sessions, during which the speakers and deputy speakers of both Houses will be elected among the representatives of the respective assemblies. Upon the election of the speakers and deputy speakers of the two Houses, under the Constitution of Myanmar, the speaker and deputy speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw","title":"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar"},{"docid":"20635048","text":"will automatically fill in the role of the speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for a term of no more than 30 months, or half the parliamentary term, following which the speaker and deputy speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw will continue as speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for the remainder of the parliamentary term. Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election","title":"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar"},{"docid":"10038694","text":"The oldest (by age) Member of the Assembly (\"see Father of the House\") who is not seeking the appointment oversees the election as Acting Speaker. Nominees are then put forward, seconded and accepted by the nominee. A vote is then taken which must achieve the support of both sides of the house (\"cross-community support\"). A successful nominee is then deemed elected as Speaker and takes the chair. Upon election the Speaker must relinquish all party political affiliations. The newly or re-elected speaker then oversees the selection of three Deputy Speakers. Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the","title":"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly"},{"docid":"13283811","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and role of the Speaker. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) at","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands"},{"docid":"14746818","text":"the Beretitenti or the Government is supported in the Maneaba Ni Maungatabu.\" Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker \"shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba\". His or her function is to \"preside at each sitting of the Maneaba\" (art.72). The website of","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)"},{"docid":"10038691","text":"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly (originally having the title of Presiding Officer) is the presiding officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly, elected on a cross-community vote by the Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly. A Principal Deputy Speaker and two Deputy Speakers are elected to help fulfil the role. The office of Speaker is currently held by DUP MLA, Robin Newton. The Office of the Speaker is located in Parliament Buildings, Stormont, Belfast. The Speaker is also the Chairman of the Assembly Commission, the body corporate of the Assembly, and the Chairman","title":"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly"},{"docid":"4458135","text":"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a \"referee\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the MPs can participate freely while keeping to the rules. The Speaker also has managerial duties to ensure that Parliament runs smoothly. Each political party in the Assembly elects a","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa"},{"docid":"7894403","text":"East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of the second Assembly.","title":"East African Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"7894406","text":"of the Treaty. East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of","title":"East African Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"11447117","text":"constituency). He or she is expected to conduct the business of the House in an impartial manner, and generally does so. The Speaker is assisted by a member-elected Deputy Speaker, who is usually also of the governing party. The Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed","title":"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"9139282","text":"party nominates one of its own to serve as Speaker, and that nominee is likely to win since the party typically has a majority of the seats. If the office of Speaker falls vacant, for whatever reason, the Assembly must immediately elect a replacement. The Speaker remains in office \"for all purposes\" following a dissolution of Parliament, even if he or she was not a candidate for re-election or lost re-election, serving until the day before the first day of the new Parliament. As the chief presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, the Speaker is expected to be impartial in","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland"},{"docid":"10435367","text":"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of","title":"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"4458137","text":"is twofold. It is constitutional and institutional. This mandate is furthermore dual at the National Assembly and Parliamentary level. In both situations, it involves interacting with the following sectors of the global community: Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a \"referee\", taking charge of debates to","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa"},{"docid":"13283813","text":"six of the eight elected MLAs. During the Speaker election, the Attorney General acts as presiding officer. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands"},{"docid":"7387545","text":"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members. The Assembly may re-elect an incumbent Speaker by passing a motion; otherwise, a secret ballot is held. The House can dismiss the Speaker by a","title":"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"7023303","text":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan"},{"docid":"15690612","text":"Parties who are a part of the Assembly. This ensures that the Speaker is accepted by all political Parties belonging to the Assembly. The name of the candidate determined by the party in power is usually proposed by the Chief Minister or the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs. The pro-tem Speaker chairs the session in which the election for the post of the Speaker takes place. The Deputy Speaker chairs sessions where the election takes place towards the end of a Vidhan Sabha. Once the election is over, the person who is presiding declares the chosen candidate to be Speaker of","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"11265875","text":"from 1860–61). Therefore, the numbering of Chief Clerks in column one fluctuates based upon the fact that some clerks served previously. Their original \"clerk number\" is retained on the left with an asterisk to indicate why it is out of numeric sequence. Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses","title":"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly"},{"docid":"16087361","text":"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law, was heard in the Cape Provincial Division from April 3 to 7, 1998, with judgment handed down on May 8. It was subsequently confirmed, on appeal, by the Supreme Court of Appeal. The High Court dealt with the issue of the powers of Parliament and parliamentary privilege, and found that such powers and privilege, to the extent of their inconsistency or incompatibility with the Constitution, are invalid. Where the privilege breaches the provisions of","title":"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly"},{"docid":"7387547","text":"and assists the Speaker in the execution of his or her duties, and acts Speaker in their absence or during a vacancy in the position. Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members.","title":"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"7023305","text":"2 in Part III of the Constitution of Pakistan: The Speakership of the National Assembly is a leadership position and the office-holder actively works to set the majority party's legislative agenda. The Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates, instead delegating the duty to members of the House from the majority party. The Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes. These are the names of Speakers and presidents of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly,","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan"},{"docid":"7660225","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is the presiding officer of the territorial legislature in Nunavut, Canada. Since 1999 the position has been elected by Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) using a secret ballot. The current Speaker is Joe Enook. As the politics of Nunavut are run under a Westminster system, the role of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in Nunavut is very similar to that of the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada and the","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut"},{"docid":"18899041","text":"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly The Deputy Speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: \"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanvekilleri\") serve on the Speakers Council (Turkish: \"Başkanlık Divanı\") in the Grand National Assembly, the unicameral Parliament of the Turkish Republic. There are four Deputy Speakers, selected according to the parliamentary composition of the incumbent Parliament. Unlike the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, the Deputy Speakers are not elected by MPs. Instead, each party who has enough representation to nominate a Deputy Speaker can do so, with their nomination automatically becoming official. However, parties can also hold","title":"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly"},{"docid":"18899039","text":"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly The Deputy Speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: \"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanvekilleri\") serve on the Speakers Council (Turkish: \"Başkanlık Divanı\") in the Grand National Assembly, the unicameral Parliament of the Turkish Republic. There are four Deputy Speakers, selected according to the parliamentary composition of the incumbent Parliament. Unlike the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, the Deputy Speakers are not elected by MPs. Instead, each party who has enough representation to nominate a Deputy Speaker can do so, with their nomination automatically becoming official. However, parties can also hold","title":"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly"},{"docid":"15690619","text":"prior to the Vidhan Sabha's first meeting after the dissolution. At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and during the absence of the Speaker from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"5867879","text":"Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament. The Assembly came into existence","title":"Assembly of the African Union"},{"docid":"10435376","text":"do so, from assuming traditional court dress or anything they deem appropriate. Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining","title":"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"11108600","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick is the presiding officer of the provincial legislature. Since 1994 the position has been elected by MLAs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed by motion of the house, in practice moved by the Premier of New Brunswick usually after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. Shirley Dysart was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only recent exceptions have been Robert McCready and","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick"},{"docid":"18733531","text":"governor of the state who was re-elected on May 29, 2011 following the April 11, 2011 election. Presently, the Assembly comprises 23 members of the PDP and 2 members of the APC with a vacant seat. The incumbent Speaker is Bamidele Oleyelogun who succeeded the first female speaker of the Assembly, Jumoke Akindele . Ondo State House of Assembly The Ondo State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Ondo State Government inaugurated on February 3, 1979. The assembly is unicameral with 26 representatives elected from each constituencies of the 18 local government area of the state. In","title":"Ondo State House of Assembly"},{"docid":"15690614","text":"He should be mentally sound and should not be bankrupt. He should also state an affidavit that there are no criminal procedures against him. The Speaker is elected by other members of the Vidhan Sabha and is responsible for the conduct of business of the body. A Deputy Speaker to also elected to preside during the Speaker's absence. The Speaker acts as a neutral judge and manages all debates and discussions in the Assembly. The Speaker can also initiate a motion of no confidence against the government in the state. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"5867882","text":"European Council, the European alternative. Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament.","title":"Assembly of the African Union"},{"docid":"5230777","text":"Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position, although both Speaker and Deputy Speaker were independents between 2001 and 2005 and the current Speaker is an independent. Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is","title":"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"5867880","text":"on 25 May 1963, as part of the ratification of Organization of African Unity (OAU). Initially the Assembly consisted of 32 independent members, the heads of state of the African states that had achieved independence by 1963. Until 2001, the governing constitution of the Assembly was the OAU Charter. The Assembly is now subject to the Union Act that created the African Union. The Assembly has nine basic functions: The Assembly shall take its decisions by consensus or, failing which, by a two-thirds majority of the Member States of the Union. However, procedural matters, including the question of whether a","title":"Assembly of the African Union"},{"docid":"15690618","text":"Speaker or Deputy Speaker of an Assembly shall vacate his office if his tenure as member of the Assembly is terminated; or may at any time by writing under his hand addressed, if such members is the Speaker, to the Deputy Speaker, and if such member is the Deputy Speaker, to the Speaker, resign his office; and may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Assembly provided that no resolution shall be moved unless at least fourteen days' notice has been given. Further, whenever the Assembly is dissolved, the speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"15690620","text":"be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent. The Speaker shall have the right to speak and take part in discussions in the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes. In the Vidhan Sabha Chamber, the Speaker, from his seat, gets the complete view of the Assembly. He is helped by the senior officials belonging to the West Bengal Secretariat. The","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"7676792","text":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (\"MLAs\") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative Assembly cannot continue without a Speaker. Under British Columbia's parliamentary tradition, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia will","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia"},{"docid":"15690611","text":"designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The current Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha is Biman Banerjee and the current Deputy Speaker is Haider Aziz Safwi who replaced Sonali Guha, who had been Speaker since May 2011, in May 2016. In the Vidhan Sabha, a simple majority vote in the Assembly in which all present members participate determine both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — the presiding officers — who are also its members. The party in power proposes the name of their candidate after its candidate after titular hearings with Leaders of other","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"15690617","text":"from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker or, if he is also absent, such person as may be determined by the Assembly, or, if no such person is present, such other person as may be determined by the Assembly, shall act as Speaker. The term of office of the Speaker ranges from the day he is elected to the dissolution of the Vidhan Sabha. When the Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker terminates his tenure as a member of the Assembly, but does not quit his position as Speaker. He stands eligible for re-election. A member holding office as","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"5230776","text":"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. Though the office had existed since the creation of the Assembly in 1974, it was given greater legislative force when the roles and functions of the office were included in the federal Act that gave the Territory self-government in 1978. The position of Speaker has been held by independent MP Kezia Purick since 23 October 2012. Despite Labor's massive majority following the outcome of the 2016 election, the Labor government re-appointed Purick as Speaker. The","title":"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"9139284","text":"representing the Legislative Assembly to the Crown (as by, for instance, presenting the Address in Reply to the Throne Speech) and to entities outside Parliament. Administratively, the Speaker has control of the Parliamentary Service and is responsible for the Parliament's budget, services, and administration. \"As soon as practicable\" after first meeting, the House must choose a member to serve as Deputy Speaker and Chairperson of Committees; in recent practice, the Premier moves the appointment of the Deputy Speaker without debate or opposition as the first matter of business on the second day of the Parliament. As with the Speaker, the","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland"},{"docid":"7023304","text":"the Prime Minister and the Chairman of Senate. In addition, the Speaker is the spokesman of the National Assembly to the outside world, and is non-partisan in his approach. To exercise the great authority that stems from the respect, affection and consideration which every Member of the House bestows upon the holder of this high office, the Speaker shows complete impartiality in the discharge of his functions. When the National Assembly is dissolved he continues in his office, till a new Speaker is elected. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly is created by Article 53 of the Chapter","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan"},{"docid":"7387546","text":"majority vote, and the Speaker can resign. In practice, the Speaker is usually a member of the governing party or parties, who have the majority in the House, and continues to be a member of his or her political party, but it is left to their individual discretion as to whether or not they attend party meetings. The Speaker also continues to carry out his or her ordinary electorate duties as a member of Parliament and must take part in an election campaign to be re-elected as a member of Parliament. A Deputy Speaker, also elected by the Assembly, supports","title":"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"10120743","text":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all viewpoints have the opportunity of a hearing. The Speaker does not take part in the debates of the Assembly and only takes part in a vote to cast the deciding vote","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia"},{"docid":"2667886","text":"California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the federal House of Representatives. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012,","title":"California State Assembly"},{"docid":"7676796","text":"represent the voters of his or her constituency as an MLA. The channel televised proceedings is Hansard TV. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (\"MLAs\") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia"},{"docid":"2667892","text":"Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature. Current committees include: California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the","title":"California State Assembly"},{"docid":"10120745","text":"rules on questions of privilege after allowing appropriate debate. Decisions of the Speaker are not debatable or subject to appeal except by a substantive motion after proper notice has been given. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia"},{"docid":"9126018","text":"odd-numbered year within each of the 80 Assembly districts. California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with","title":"California State Assembly districts"},{"docid":"4458136","text":"chief whip to run its affairs. The presiding officers, the chief whips, and the Leader of Government Business (the person appointed by the Cabinet to liaise with Parliament) together decide on the programme of work. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly was preceded by the offices of Speaker of the House of Assembly (1910–1984) under the 1909 and 1961 constitutions and Speaker of Parliament under the Tricameral Parliament (1984–1994). The Speaker of the National Assembly is elected to and removed from office in terms of S52 of the Constitution. In terms of this section the: The Speaker’s mandate","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa"},{"docid":"9126016","text":"California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with an average absolute deviation of 0.506%. Due to the","title":"California State Assembly districts"},{"docid":"17254140","text":"California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25 of its 80 seats after the 2012 general election. It is one of the Assembly’s two officially recognized political party caucuses and is led by Assembly Member Brian Dahle, the Assembly Republican Leader (Minority Leader of the State Assembly). Dante Acosta, 38th District Catherine Baker, 16th District (Dublin) Travis Allen, 72nd District (Huntington Beach) Frank Bigelow, 5th District (O’Neals) William Brough, 73rd District Rocky Chavez, 76th District (Oceanside) Phillip Chen, 55th District Steven Choi,","title":"California State Assembly Republican Caucus"},{"docid":"15690616","text":"of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the Governor. Although the members of Vidhan Sabha represent their constituencies, the Speaker represents the whole Assembly. While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the Assembly as the Governor may appoint for the purpose. During the absence of the Speaker","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"17592397","text":"African Americans in California African-American Californians or Black Californians are residents of the state of California who are of African ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau, those identified as African American or black constituted 5.9% or 2,265,387 residents in California in 2015. People of African-descent first appeared in California from Mexico due to the Spanish Conquest. The first census recorded of African Americans in California appeared in 1850 with 962 people and 1860 with 4,086 people. Then, in 1910 the number rose to 22,000. African Americans totaled to less than one percent of California's population before the Second World War.","title":"African Americans in California"},{"docid":"6243396","text":"terms in every cycle after her initial election in 2003. On November 23, 2009, Oliver was elected unanimously by Assembly Democrats to become the 169th Speaker of the Assembly. Her election made her the second woman to serve as Speaker in New Jersey history, the first being Marion West Higgins, who served in 1965, and the second African American to hold this post, the first being S. Howard Woodson, who first held the post in 1974. Nationwide, she became the second African American woman to lead a state legislature after Karen Bass of California. As Speaker, Oliver backed Governor Chris","title":"Sheila Oliver"},{"docid":"15690613","text":"the Assembly, without latter motions being voted upon. Once the final tally of votes is declared, the Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition escort the Speaker elect to the Chair. His speech, in which he thanks the Assembly, marks the start of the tenure of the new Speaker. The Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has to be an MLA. The current speaker, Biman Banerjee, is the MLA from the Baruipur Paschim constituency. To become the Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India, not less than 25 years of age.","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"9139285","text":"House must immediately fill a vacancy in the office. Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker remains in office after a dissolution of Parliament until the day before the next Parliament convenes even if he or she lost re-election or was not a candidate. The role of Deputy Speaker is created by the Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly, and that of Chairperson of Committees by section 17(1) of the Parliament of Queensland Act 2001. As Deputy Speaker, the member takes the chair when the Speaker is absent or at his or her request. When the House resolves into a Committee","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland"},{"docid":"17254147","text":"and overregulation. Chief Republican Whip – Heath Flora The Chief Republican Whip helps devise legislative floor strategy and provide direction and guidance to the Republican Whips as they work to advance the Republican caucus position during Assembly floor sessions. Republican Whips – James Gallagher and Vince Fong Republican Whips are charged with mobilizing members vote on important legislation, acting as a liaison between members and leadership, and helping to coordinate strategy within the caucus. California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25","title":"California State Assembly Republican Caucus"},{"docid":"11265874","text":"three officers are elected every two years when the Assembly organizes: Chief Clerk, Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and Chaplain. These officers are not members of the house and serve the legislature in a nonpartisan capacity. The current Chief Clerk is E. Dotson Wilson, who was first elected in 1992. This is a list of Chief Clerks of the California Assembly. To keep the numbering system correct, there are instances where a clerk has had a hiatus between terms of service (e.g. J.M. Anderson is the \"sixth\" person to serve as Chief Clerk: he served 1855–56, had a four-year hiatus, and then returned","title":"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly"},{"docid":"2667888","text":"the State Assembly in the chief leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation and committee assignments. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon (63rd–Lakewood). The majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon (57th–Whittier), while the minority leader is Republican Marie Waldron (75th–Escondido). The chamber's green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The dais rests along","title":"California State Assembly"},{"docid":"15690622","text":"Chairperson of the Assembly, he is also a member of the Assembly. He is entrusted with wide-ranging punitive powers to help him maintain proper conduct in the Assembly. He is expected to give sufficient time to all members of the Assembly and help them get their views across. The Speaker also keeps communicating with members, leaders of parties, etc., in the Vidhan Sabha. He interacts with leaders of other parties at semi-formal meetings a day before the start of a session, to know their mood on a wide range of issues. The salaries and allowances of the Speaker and the","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"15690621","text":"Deputy Speaker chairs the sitting when the Speaker is absent. If both the Speakers cannot attend a session, a member of the Panel of Chairmen chairs the Assembly. He is the customary head of the Vidhan Sabha and an arbiter. His decisions are final and cannot be challenged. The Speaker constitutes all Committees of the Assembly. He nominates the Chairpersons of all the Parliamentary Committees. Political problems hampering the functioning of Committees are consulted with him for directions. The Advisory Committee on Business, the Committee of General Purposes and the Committee of Rules fall under him. Apart from being the","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"15690615","text":"Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers must collectively resign. The Speaker is supposed to resign from his original party because as a speaker, he has to remain impartial. The Speaker presides over the sessions of the Vidhan Sabha and conducts the business in the Assembly. He decides whether a bill is a money bill or a non-money bill. He maintains discipline and decorum in the Assembly and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion","title":"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"10120744","text":"in the event of a tie. He is the guardian of the privileges of the Assembly and protects the rights of its Members. The Speaker is the only representative of the House of Assembly. The Speaker has jurisdiction and day to day control over all matters concerning Province House, including operations, maintenance and restoration, and administration of the adjacent office complexes at One Government Place, the George Building, and the Provincial Building. The Speaker is the Chair of the Legislature Internal Economy Board, the body responsible for regulating services to Members. In the House, Speaker decides questions of order and","title":"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia"},{"docid":"11265921","text":"for recording votes on the Senate floor. The secretary is one of three non-member officers selected for each two-year session; the body also appoints a chaplain and sergeant-at-arms. (\"California's Legislature\" (2006 edition), California State Assembly: Sacramento. p. 149) The current secretary of the Senate is Daniel Alvarez, who was first elected on October 15, 2014. The longest-serving secretary of the Senate was Joseph Beek, who served from 1919 to 1968 (with the exception of 1921, when he did not serve). Secretary of the California State Senate The Secretary of the California Senate is a nonpartisan officer of the Senate and","title":"Secretary of the California State Senate"},{"docid":"12353127","text":"California Secretary of State: 1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly.","title":"1994 California State Assembly election"},{"docid":"11598120","text":"party balance. Final results from the California Secretary of State: 2004 California State Assembly election The 2004 California State Assembly elections were held November 2, 2004. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. It was expected that the Democrats would retain control of the Assembly, which they did. While some seats were close races, no opposing party challenges to incumbents were successful on","title":"2004 California State Assembly election"},{"docid":"10435370","text":"and decisions. The Speaker also has extensive administrative functions, being responsible, with the President, for the overall direction of the Parliament. In this, the Presiding Officers are advised by the Clerks of both Houses. The Speaker is solely responsible for the operation of the Department of the Legislative Assembly. If only one candidate is nominated for election, then no ballot is held, and the Assembly proceeds directly to the motion to appoint the candidate to the Speakership. A similar procedure is used if a Speaker seeks a further term after a general election: no ballot is held, and the Assembly","title":"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly"},{"docid":"7676794","text":"Plecas being an exception; however, while holding the office of Speaker that MLA must act neutrally and treat all other MLAs impartially, and to preserve this impartiality the Speaker follows Speaker Denison's rule in breaking ties. The Speaker presides over the debates and procedures of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker enforces the Rules of Procedure, commonly referred to as the Standing Orders. Any disputes or procedural rulings are made according to the Standing Orders or, in absence of a rule governing a specific situation, to parliamentary precedence and convention. The Speaker does not vote, except in the case of a","title":"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia"},{"docid":"6074578","text":"broaden public awareness of the artistic, historical and cultural contributions of African Americans and how other cultures intersect with African American history, art and culture. More than 80 programs are offered annually. The California African American Museum has a budget of about $3.5 million a year. Admission is free. The state provides $2.5 million, augmented by funds from a private nonprofit museum foundation that in recent years has generated annual contributions and other revenues of $650,000 to $1.4 million. In July 2015, George O. Davis was named as a new executive director to mainly oversee strategic planning, budget management, and","title":"California African American Museum"},{"docid":"12353126","text":"1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly. Final results from the","title":"1994 California State Assembly election"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18725746\",\n \"text\": \"the incumbent speaker is Rt. Hon. Mudashiru A. Obasa Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18725745\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty is to preside over the sitting and deliberations of the Assembly. The Speaker also represents the voters of his or her constituency. Since inauguration of the state house of assembly on October 2, 1979, there have been 7 legislative assemblies with 8 representative holding the office of Speaker. The Speaker of the 1st Legislative Assembly is Rt. Hon Oladosun Oshinowo and\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7660227\",\n \"text\": \"the Legislative Assembly result in a tie, and should the Speaker be unable to act, the Deputy Speaker may act in his or her place. Decisions of the Speaker are not subject to debate or appeal. The former Speaker, Hunter Tootoo, was elected by MLAs on June 1, 2011. Tootoo, who was most recently Nunavut's Minister for Education prior to taking up his new role, is the longest-serving Member of the Nunavut Legislative Assembly, and the only Member who was present in the first Assembly, opened in 1999. Notes: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690623\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly are fixed by the Legislature of the State by law. Such salaries and allowances are specified in the Second Schedule. Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11447115\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed since the creation of the Legislative Assembly in 1890 under the \\\"Constitution Act 1889\\\". The current Speaker is Labor MLA Peter Watson, who has held the role since the 2017 state election. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position. As with the other states and territories, the Speaker continues\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13283812\",\n \"text\": \"the first meeting of the Assembly after an election. Unlike the Speaker of the British House of Commons, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly does not need to be a member of the Assembly, although the Speaker must be eligible to stand as a MLA. The MLAs also elect a Deputy Speaker, in the same manner as the Speaker, who acts as presiding officer in the absence of the Speaker. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected for the life of the Legislative Assembly although they can be removed by a motion of no confidence supported by at least\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13376771\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting vote. Louis Cools-Lartigue, OBE, was Speaker\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11663380\",\n \"text\": \"of Representatives. Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11663379\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya The Speaker is the presiding officer of the Kenyan National Assembly. From 1963-2013 the National Assembly was the unicameral body of the Kenyan Parliament. The Speaker is elected by the National Assembly (Kenya) from among persons who are qualified to be Members of the Parliament. The Speaker's term lasts for a period of five years, and primarily comes to an end when a new house of parliament first meets after an election in line with Article 106 of the Constitution of Kenya Previously, there were separate Speakers of the Senate and the House\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10038693\",\n \"text\": \"Agreement) Act 2006 she was appointed Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007. One of the first items of business for the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007 was to elect a new Speaker from the MLAs elected in March 2007. The only nominee was William Hay, DUP member for Foyle and he was elected unopposed. In May 2011 the new position of Principal Deputy Speaker was created. Sinn Féin deputy speaker Francie Molloy was subsequently elected to the new position in June 2011. During the first meeting of a new Assembly a Speaker is elected.\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11265873\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses of bills on third reading, amending legislation, and publishing the bills, journals, files, and histories of the lower house. Historically, persons who have served as Chief Clerk have possessed an advanced degree when they were elected (e.g., M.A. or J.D.). In California,\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19443085\",\n \"text\": \"non-violent — exit. Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades\",\n \"title\": \"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19443068\",\n \"text\": \"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others; Democratic Alliance v Speaker of the National Assembly and Others [2016] ZACC 11 is a major judgment of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which finds that President Jacob Zuma breached the South African Constitution by failing to implement the recommendations in the Public Protector's Nkandla report. In 2009, during President Zuma's first term, his Nkandla homestead was extensively renovated and upgraded. The Presidency said these were lawful security upgrades. However, it soon emerged that the upgrades included non-security features\",\n \"title\": \"Economic Freedom Fighters v Speaker of the National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13163420\",\n \"text\": \"were appointed by the Governor. Shortly after independence in 1964, appointed Speaker of the renamed National Assembly Thomas Williams stepped down and was replaced by Wesley Nyirenda, who was the MP for Fort Jameson. Nyrienda remained a constituency MP. After Nyirenda resigned in 1968, Speakers were appointed from outside the National Assembly by a vote of Assembly members. Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9139287\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker are both absent, the House must choose a member to act as Speaker for that day. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13376772\",\n \"text\": \"of its predecessor, the Legislative Council. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica The Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica is responsible for the management and general administration of the House, ensuring that rules of procedure are followed. The Speaker is elected by the House of Assembly at its first sitting after a general election. A member of the House who is elected as Speaker can only vote to break ties (a casting vote). If someone outside the membership of the House is elected as Speaker, they become a member, but cannot cast an original or casting\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Dominica\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2667887\",\n \"text\": \"members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to three two-year terms (six years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms. Members of the California State Assembly are generally referred to using the titles Assemblyman (for men), Assemblywoman (for women), or Assemblymember (gender-neutral). They convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. In the current session, the Democrats control 60 seats, a supermajority of the chamber. Republicans control 20 seats. The Speaker presides over\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16087392\",\n \"text\": \"did not obstruct or disrupt the proceedings in the Assembly at the time. \\\"In the result,\\\" continued Mahomed CJ, \\\"the appellant has failed to persuade me that the National Assembly had any constitutional authority to suspend the respondent from the National Assembly in the circumstances disclosed by the evidence adduced before the High Court.\\\" Accordingly, the suspension of a Member of the Assembly in those circumstances did not have constitutional authority and was void. De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law,\",\n \"title\": \"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690610\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly is the title given to the presiding officer (chair) of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. The Speaker's official role is to moderate debate, make rulings on procedure, announce the results of votes, etc. The Speaker decides who may speak and has the powers to discipline members who break the procedures of the Assembly. The Speaker often also represents the body in person, as the voice of the body in ceremonial and some other situations. Many bodies also have a speaker \\\"pro tempore\\\" or deputy speaker,\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13163419\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia The Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia is a position established under Article 69(1) of the constitution. The Speaker is elected by members of the Assembly from anyone eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, but cannot be a sitting member. The post of Speaker was first created on 10 November 1948 when the Governor appointed Thomas Spurgeon Page to preside over the Legislative Council following the 1948 general elections. Previously the Governor had also held the position of the President of the Legislative Council. The Speakers of the Legislative Council\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Zambia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20652154\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana The Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana is the presiding officer of the Parliament of Ghana. The current speaker is Mike Oquaye. He was elected on 7 January 2017. The first speaker of the Parliament of Ghana was Sir Emmanuel Charles Quist who was Speaker of the National Assembly from independence on 6 March 1957 until December 1957. Prior to Ghana's independence, the Governor of Ghana presided over the legislative council. This changed in 1949 when Emmanuel Quist became its first African president. The Legislative Council elected Quist as its first speaker in 1951.\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Parliament of Ghana\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9139281\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland is a member of the Legislative Assembly, elected by his or her fellow members to preside over sittings of the Assembly and to maintain orderly proceedings. The position is currently held by Curtis Pitt, a former Treasurer of Queensland who was elected to the post on 13 February 2018. The Legislative Assembly must choose a new Speaker when it meets following a general election. The member with the longest period of continuous service presides during the election, which is conducted by secret ballot. The Government\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5853015\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only exceptions have\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7660226\",\n \"text\": \"Speakers of the various other Canadian legislatures. The Speaker is responsible for enforcing the Rules of the Legislative Assembly, and indeed the responsibilities of this office are also set out by these Rules. The Speaker is also the Chairperson of the Management and Services Board, which is tasked with the administration of the Legislative Assembly Precinct and the Office of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker is elected on the first sitting day of the Assembly following a general election. Business may not commence before a Speaker is elected. The Speaker holds a casting vote should any vote of Members of\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14746816\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker \\\"shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba\\\". His or her function is to \\\"preside at each sitting of the Maneaba\\\" (art.72). The website of the House of Assembly indicates that his \\\"decision on a point of\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5853021\",\n \"text\": \"of the Legislature maintains a residence at the Legislature, known as the Speaker's Apartment. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario () is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since 1990 the position has been elected by MPPs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed directly by the Premier of Ontario after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the third-largest party and then ratified by the legislature. David Warner was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers.\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10038692\",\n \"text\": \"of the Assembly Business Committee. The first person to hold the position was Lord Alderdice, appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in 1998. Prior to devolution in December 1999 the position was referred to as the Initial Presiding Officer. Alderdice left office in 2004. Eileen Bell held the office of Speaker in the Assembly established under the Northern Ireland Act 2006 which met between May and October 2006 and in the Transitional Assembly established under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006 which met between November 2006 and May 2007. Under the Northern Ireland (St Andrews\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7676793\",\n \"text\": \"not open Parliament until a Speaker is elected. Prior practice had been for the Premier to select the Speaker and have that selection ratified by a vote of the legislative assembly. The Legislative Assembly also appoints a Deputy Speaker, who presides in the absence of the Speaker. During the 38th Parliament, which was elected in the BC general election held on May 17, 2005, the position of Assistant Deputy Speaker was created. This office is usually held by an MLA who represents the official opposition party. Traditionally, the Speaker has been a member of the governing party, current Speaker Darryl\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20635047\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election cycle, the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw will convene their first sessions, during which the speakers and deputy speakers of both Houses will be elected among the representatives of the respective assemblies. Upon the election of the speakers and deputy speakers of the two Houses, under the Constitution of Myanmar, the speaker and deputy speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20635048\",\n \"text\": \"will automatically fill in the role of the speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for a term of no more than 30 months, or half the parliamentary term, following which the speaker and deputy speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw will continue as speaker and deputy speaker of the Union Assembly for the remainder of the parliamentary term. Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw () is the presiding officer of the Assembly of the Union, the joint assembly of the bicameral legislature of Myanmar. After the completion of an election\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10038694\",\n \"text\": \"The oldest (by age) Member of the Assembly (\\\"see Father of the House\\\") who is not seeking the appointment oversees the election as Acting Speaker. Nominees are then put forward, seconded and accepted by the nominee. A vote is then taken which must achieve the support of both sides of the house (\\\"cross-community support\\\"). A successful nominee is then deemed elected as Speaker and takes the chair. Upon election the Speaker must relinquish all party political affiliations. The newly or re-elected speaker then oversees the selection of three Deputy Speakers. Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13283811\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and role of the Speaker. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) at\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14746818\",\n \"text\": \"the Beretitenti or the Government is supported in the Maneaba Ni Maungatabu.\\\" Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati) The House of Assembly of Kiribati has a Speaker, a function adapted from the British Westminster model. The position was established by article 71 of the Constitution, when the country became independent from the United Kingdom. Article 71 states that the Speaker \\\"shall be elected by the members of the Maneaba [House of Assembly] from among persons who are not members of the Maneaba\\\". His or her function is to \\\"preside at each sitting of the Maneaba\\\" (art.72). The website of\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly (Kiribati)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10038691\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly (originally having the title of Presiding Officer) is the presiding officer of the Northern Ireland Assembly, elected on a cross-community vote by the Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly. A Principal Deputy Speaker and two Deputy Speakers are elected to help fulfil the role. The office of Speaker is currently held by DUP MLA, Robin Newton. The Office of the Speaker is located in Parliament Buildings, Stormont, Belfast. The Speaker is also the Chairman of the Assembly Commission, the body corporate of the Assembly, and the Chairman\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Ireland Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4458135\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a \\\"referee\\\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the MPs can participate freely while keeping to the rules. The Speaker also has managerial duties to ensure that Parliament runs smoothly. Each political party in the Assembly elects a\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7894403\",\n \"text\": \"East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of the second Assembly.\",\n \"title\": \"East African Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7894406\",\n \"text\": \"of the Treaty. East African Legislative Assembly The East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) is a sub-organ of the larger East African Community, being the legislative arm of the Community. Members are sworn into five-year terms. EALA had its first sitting in Arusha, Tanzania on 29 November 2001. It had been founded the day before. The first Speaker of the Assembly was Abdulrahman Kinana of Tanzania. The first Assembly, including members from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, was dissolved in 2006. The second Assembly expanded as Rwanda and Burundi joined the EAC in 2007. Abdirahim Abdi of Kenya was the Speaker of\",\n \"title\": \"East African Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11447117\",\n \"text\": \"constituency). He or she is expected to conduct the business of the House in an impartial manner, and generally does so. The Speaker is assisted by a member-elected Deputy Speaker, who is usually also of the governing party. The Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Legislative Assembly. The office has existed\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9139282\",\n \"text\": \"party nominates one of its own to serve as Speaker, and that nominee is likely to win since the party typically has a majority of the seats. If the office of Speaker falls vacant, for whatever reason, the Assembly must immediately elect a replacement. The Speaker remains in office \\\"for all purposes\\\" following a dissolution of Parliament, even if he or she was not a candidate for re-election or lost re-election, serving until the day before the first day of the new Parliament. As the chief presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, the Speaker is expected to be impartial in\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10435367\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order during debate, and may punish members who break the rules of\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4458137\",\n \"text\": \"is twofold. It is constitutional and institutional. This mandate is furthermore dual at the National Assembly and Parliamentary level. In both situations, it involves interacting with the following sectors of the global community: Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa The Speaker of the National Assembly presides over the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. The speaker is chosen from among the Members of the Assembly at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office is vacant. The Speaker acts as a \\\"referee\\\", taking charge of debates to\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13283813\",\n \"text\": \"six of the eight elected MLAs. During the Speaker election, the Attorney General acts as presiding officer. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands. The Speaker also administers the oaths of office and allegiance. The Legislative Council (established in 1845) was presided over by the Governor until 2002 when the office of Speaker was created. In 2009 the new Constitution of the Falkland Islands replaced the Legislative Council with the Legislative Assembly and also laid out the election, powers and\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7387545\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members. The Assembly may re-elect an incumbent Speaker by passing a motion; otherwise, a secret ballot is held. The House can dismiss the Speaker by a\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7023303\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690612\",\n \"text\": \"Parties who are a part of the Assembly. This ensures that the Speaker is accepted by all political Parties belonging to the Assembly. The name of the candidate determined by the party in power is usually proposed by the Chief Minister or the Minister for Parliamentary Affairs. The pro-tem Speaker chairs the session in which the election for the post of the Speaker takes place. The Deputy Speaker chairs sessions where the election takes place towards the end of a Vidhan Sabha. Once the election is over, the person who is presiding declares the chosen candidate to be Speaker of\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11265875\",\n \"text\": \"from 1860–61). Therefore, the numbering of Chief Clerks in column one fluctuates based upon the fact that some clerks served previously. Their original \\\"clerk number\\\" is retained on the left with an asterisk to indicate why it is out of numeric sequence. Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly The Chief Clerk of the California Assembly is a nonpartisan elected officer of the California State Assembly. The Chief Clerk serves as the chief parliamentarian of the 80-member house. The clerk is also charged with maintaining the records and votes of the Assembly, engrossing and enrolling bills, providing members with analyses\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16087361\",\n \"text\": \"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly De Lille and Another v Speaker of the National Assembly, an important case in South African constitutional law, was heard in the Cape Provincial Division from April 3 to 7, 1998, with judgment handed down on May 8. It was subsequently confirmed, on appeal, by the Supreme Court of Appeal. The High Court dealt with the issue of the powers of Parliament and parliamentary privilege, and found that such powers and privilege, to the extent of their inconsistency or incompatibility with the Constitution, are invalid. Where the privilege breaches the provisions of\",\n \"title\": \"De Lille v Speaker of the National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7387547\",\n \"text\": \"and assists the Speaker in the execution of his or her duties, and acts Speaker in their absence or during a vacancy in the position. Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members.\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7023305\",\n \"text\": \"2 in Part III of the Constitution of Pakistan: The Speakership of the National Assembly is a leadership position and the office-holder actively works to set the majority party's legislative agenda. The Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates, instead delegating the duty to members of the House from the majority party. The Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes. These are the names of Speakers and presidents of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly,\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7660225\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is the presiding officer of the territorial legislature in Nunavut, Canada. Since 1999 the position has been elected by Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) using a secret ballot. The current Speaker is Joe Enook. As the politics of Nunavut are run under a Westminster system, the role of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly in Nunavut is very similar to that of the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada and the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18899041\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly The Deputy Speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: \\\"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanvekilleri\\\") serve on the Speakers Council (Turkish: \\\"Başkanlık Divanı\\\") in the Grand National Assembly, the unicameral Parliament of the Turkish Republic. There are four Deputy Speakers, selected according to the parliamentary composition of the incumbent Parliament. Unlike the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, the Deputy Speakers are not elected by MPs. Instead, each party who has enough representation to nominate a Deputy Speaker can do so, with their nomination automatically becoming official. However, parties can also hold\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18899039\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly The Deputy Speakers of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: \\\"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanvekilleri\\\") serve on the Speakers Council (Turkish: \\\"Başkanlık Divanı\\\") in the Grand National Assembly, the unicameral Parliament of the Turkish Republic. There are four Deputy Speakers, selected according to the parliamentary composition of the incumbent Parliament. Unlike the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly, the Deputy Speakers are not elected by MPs. Instead, each party who has enough representation to nominate a Deputy Speaker can do so, with their nomination automatically becoming official. However, parties can also hold\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy Speaker of the Grand National Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690619\",\n \"text\": \"prior to the Vidhan Sabha's first meeting after the dissolution. At any sitting of the Legislative Assembly, while any resolution for the removal of the Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Speaker, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Speaker from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Speaker, shall not, though he is present, preside, and during the absence of the Speaker from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Speaker or, as the case may\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5867879\",\n \"text\": \"Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament. The Assembly came into existence\",\n \"title\": \"Assembly of the African Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10435376\",\n \"text\": \"do so, from assuming traditional court dress or anything they deem appropriate. Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly, New South Wales's lower chamber of Parliament. The current Speaker is Shelley Hancock, who was elected on 3 May 2011. Traditionally a partisan office, filled by the governing party of the time, Hancock replaced the previous independent Richard Torbay, following the 2011 general election. The Speaker presides over the House's debates, determining which members may speak. The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11108600\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick is the presiding officer of the provincial legislature. Since 1994 the position has been elected by MLAs using a secret ballot. Previously, the Speaker had been appointed by motion of the house, in practice moved by the Premier of New Brunswick usually after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. Shirley Dysart was the first Speaker to be elected by his or her peers. The Speaker is usually a member of the governing party. The only recent exceptions have been Robert McCready and\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18733531\",\n \"text\": \"governor of the state who was re-elected on May 29, 2011 following the April 11, 2011 election. Presently, the Assembly comprises 23 members of the PDP and 2 members of the APC with a vacant seat. The incumbent Speaker is Bamidele Oleyelogun who succeeded the first female speaker of the Assembly, Jumoke Akindele . Ondo State House of Assembly The Ondo State House of Assembly is the legislative branch of the Ondo State Government inaugurated on February 3, 1979. The assembly is unicameral with 26 representatives elected from each constituencies of the 18 local government area of the state. In\",\n \"title\": \"Ondo State House of Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690614\",\n \"text\": \"He should be mentally sound and should not be bankrupt. He should also state an affidavit that there are no criminal procedures against him. The Speaker is elected by other members of the Vidhan Sabha and is responsible for the conduct of business of the body. A Deputy Speaker to also elected to preside during the Speaker's absence. The Speaker acts as a neutral judge and manages all debates and discussions in the Assembly. The Speaker can also initiate a motion of no confidence against the government in the state. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5867882\",\n \"text\": \"European Council, the European alternative. Assembly of the African Union The Assembly of the African Union, which is formally known as the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government (AU-AHSG), is one of several decision-making bodies within the African Union. The other bodies are the Pan-African Parliament; the Executive Council, consisting of foreign ministers of the AU members states; and the African Union Commission. The Chairperson of the Assembly has few formal functions, the most important of which is to preside at the Pan-African Parliament during the election and swearing in of the President of the Pan-African Parliament.\",\n \"title\": \"Assembly of the African Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5230777\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the Assembly. The occupant of the Chair must maintain order in the House, uphold the Standing Orders (rules of procedure) and protect the rights of backbench members. The Speaker must be a member of the Assembly themselves, and is elected to the position by a ballot of the members of the Assembly. It is generally a partisan position, although both Speaker and Deputy Speaker were independents between 2001 and 2005 and the current Speaker is an independent. Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5867880\",\n \"text\": \"on 25 May 1963, as part of the ratification of Organization of African Unity (OAU). Initially the Assembly consisted of 32 independent members, the heads of state of the African states that had achieved independence by 1963. Until 2001, the governing constitution of the Assembly was the OAU Charter. The Assembly is now subject to the Union Act that created the African Union. The Assembly has nine basic functions: The Assembly shall take its decisions by consensus or, failing which, by a two-thirds majority of the Member States of the Union. However, procedural matters, including the question of whether a\",\n \"title\": \"Assembly of the African Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690618\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker or Deputy Speaker of an Assembly shall vacate his office if his tenure as member of the Assembly is terminated; or may at any time by writing under his hand addressed, if such members is the Speaker, to the Deputy Speaker, and if such member is the Deputy Speaker, to the Speaker, resign his office; and may be removed from his office by a resolution of the Assembly provided that no resolution shall be moved unless at least fourteen days' notice has been given. Further, whenever the Assembly is dissolved, the speaker shall not vacate his office until immediately\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690620\",\n \"text\": \"be, the Deputy Speaker, is absent. The Speaker shall have the right to speak and take part in discussions in the Legislative Assembly while any resolution for his removal from office is under consideration in the Assembly and shall be entitled to vote only in the first instance on such resolution or on any other matter during such proceedings but not in the case of an equality of votes. In the Vidhan Sabha Chamber, the Speaker, from his seat, gets the complete view of the Assembly. He is helped by the senior officials belonging to the West Bengal Secretariat. The\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7676792\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (\\\"MLAs\\\") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative Assembly cannot continue without a Speaker. Under British Columbia's parliamentary tradition, the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia will\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690611\",\n \"text\": \"designated to fill in when the speaker is not available. The current Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha is Biman Banerjee and the current Deputy Speaker is Haider Aziz Safwi who replaced Sonali Guha, who had been Speaker since May 2011, in May 2016. In the Vidhan Sabha, a simple majority vote in the Assembly in which all present members participate determine both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker — the presiding officers — who are also its members. The party in power proposes the name of their candidate after its candidate after titular hearings with Leaders of other\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690617\",\n \"text\": \"from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker or, if he is also absent, such person as may be determined by the Assembly, or, if no such person is present, such other person as may be determined by the Assembly, shall act as Speaker. The term of office of the Speaker ranges from the day he is elected to the dissolution of the Vidhan Sabha. When the Assembly is dissolved, the Speaker terminates his tenure as a member of the Assembly, but does not quit his position as Speaker. He stands eligible for re-election. A member holding office as\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5230776\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. Though the office had existed since the creation of the Assembly in 1974, it was given greater legislative force when the roles and functions of the office were included in the federal Act that gave the Territory self-government in 1978. The position of Speaker has been held by independent MP Kezia Purick since 23 October 2012. Despite Labor's massive majority following the outcome of the 2016 election, the Labor government re-appointed Purick as Speaker. The\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9139284\",\n \"text\": \"representing the Legislative Assembly to the Crown (as by, for instance, presenting the Address in Reply to the Throne Speech) and to entities outside Parliament. Administratively, the Speaker has control of the Parliamentary Service and is responsible for the Parliament's budget, services, and administration. \\\"As soon as practicable\\\" after first meeting, the House must choose a member to serve as Deputy Speaker and Chairperson of Committees; in recent practice, the Premier moves the appointment of the Deputy Speaker without debate or opposition as the first matter of business on the second day of the Parliament. As with the Speaker, the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7023304\",\n \"text\": \"the Prime Minister and the Chairman of Senate. In addition, the Speaker is the spokesman of the National Assembly to the outside world, and is non-partisan in his approach. To exercise the great authority that stems from the respect, affection and consideration which every Member of the House bestows upon the holder of this high office, the Speaker shows complete impartiality in the discharge of his functions. When the National Assembly is dissolved he continues in his office, till a new Speaker is elected. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly is created by Article 53 of the Chapter\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7387546\",\n \"text\": \"majority vote, and the Speaker can resign. In practice, the Speaker is usually a member of the governing party or parties, who have the majority in the House, and continues to be a member of his or her political party, but it is left to their individual discretion as to whether or not they attend party meetings. The Speaker also continues to carry out his or her ordinary electorate duties as a member of Parliament and must take part in an election campaign to be re-elected as a member of Parliament. A Deputy Speaker, also elected by the Assembly, supports\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10120743\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all viewpoints have the opportunity of a hearing. The Speaker does not take part in the debates of the Assembly and only takes part in a vote to cast the deciding vote\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2667886\",\n \"text\": \"California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the federal House of Representatives. As a result of Proposition 140 in 1990 and Proposition 28 in 2012,\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7676796\",\n \"text\": \"represent the voters of his or her constituency as an MLA. The channel televised proceedings is Hansard TV. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the Legislative Assembly (\\\"MLAs\\\") by means of a secret ballot at the commencement of a new parliament, or on the death or retirement of the previous Speaker. Cabinet Ministers are the only MLAs not entitled to stand for election as Speaker. The business of the Legislative\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2667892\",\n \"text\": \"Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature. Current committees include: California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of California, the upper house being the California State Senate. It consists of 80 members, with each member representing at least 465,000 people. Due to the state's large population and relatively small legislature, the State Assembly has the largest population-per-representative ratio of any state lower house and second largest of any legislative lower house in the United States after the\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10120745\",\n \"text\": \"rules on questions of privilege after allowing appropriate debate. Decisions of the Speaker are not debatable or subject to appeal except by a substantive motion after proper notice has been given. Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia The Speaker for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia is the presiding Officer of the House of Assembly. Kevin Murphy is the current Speaker of the 62nd General Assembly of Nova Scotia. The Speaker presides over the proceedings of the Assembly, maintains order, regulates debate in accordance with the rules and practices of the House, and ensures that all\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9126018\",\n \"text\": \"odd-numbered year within each of the 80 Assembly districts. California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly districts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4458136\",\n \"text\": \"chief whip to run its affairs. The presiding officers, the chief whips, and the Leader of Government Business (the person appointed by the Cabinet to liaise with Parliament) together decide on the programme of work. The office of Speaker of the National Assembly was preceded by the offices of Speaker of the House of Assembly (1910–1984) under the 1909 and 1961 constitutions and Speaker of Parliament under the Tricameral Parliament (1984–1994). The Speaker of the National Assembly is elected to and removed from office in terms of S52 of the Constitution. In terms of this section the: The Speaker’s mandate\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9126016\",\n \"text\": \"California State Assembly districts California's State Assembly districts are numbered 1st through 80th, generally in north-to-south order. The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. The Assembly has 80 members, each representing one district. In accordance with the Article XXI of the California Constitution, assembly district boundaries are redrawn every ten years based on data from the United States Census. The current boundaries were drawn in 2011 by a California Citizens Redistricting Commission. The census enumerated population of each district was within 1% of 465,674 with an average absolute deviation of 0.506%. Due to the\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly districts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17254140\",\n \"text\": \"California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25 of its 80 seats after the 2012 general election. It is one of the Assembly’s two officially recognized political party caucuses and is led by Assembly Member Brian Dahle, the Assembly Republican Leader (Minority Leader of the State Assembly). Dante Acosta, 38th District Catherine Baker, 16th District (Dublin) Travis Allen, 72nd District (Huntington Beach) Frank Bigelow, 5th District (O’Neals) William Brough, 73rd District Rocky Chavez, 76th District (Oceanside) Phillip Chen, 55th District Steven Choi,\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly Republican Caucus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690616\",\n \"text\": \"of censure and calling attention notice as per the rules. The Speaker decides on the agenda to be taken up for discussion during the meeting. The date of election of the Speaker is fixed by the Governor. Although the members of Vidhan Sabha represent their constituencies, the Speaker represents the whole Assembly. While the office of Speaker is vacant, the duties of the office are performed by the Deputy Speaker or, if the office of Deputy Speaker is also vacant, by such member of the Assembly as the Governor may appoint for the purpose. During the absence of the Speaker\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17592397\",\n \"text\": \"African Americans in California African-American Californians or Black Californians are residents of the state of California who are of African ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau, those identified as African American or black constituted 5.9% or 2,265,387 residents in California in 2015. People of African-descent first appeared in California from Mexico due to the Spanish Conquest. The first census recorded of African Americans in California appeared in 1850 with 962 people and 1860 with 4,086 people. Then, in 1910 the number rose to 22,000. African Americans totaled to less than one percent of California's population before the Second World War.\",\n \"title\": \"African Americans in California\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6243396\",\n \"text\": \"terms in every cycle after her initial election in 2003. On November 23, 2009, Oliver was elected unanimously by Assembly Democrats to become the 169th Speaker of the Assembly. Her election made her the second woman to serve as Speaker in New Jersey history, the first being Marion West Higgins, who served in 1965, and the second African American to hold this post, the first being S. Howard Woodson, who first held the post in 1974. Nationwide, she became the second African American woman to lead a state legislature after Karen Bass of California. As Speaker, Oliver backed Governor Chris\",\n \"title\": \"Sheila Oliver\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690613\",\n \"text\": \"the Assembly, without latter motions being voted upon. Once the final tally of votes is declared, the Chief Minister and Leader of the Opposition escort the Speaker elect to the Chair. His speech, in which he thanks the Assembly, marks the start of the tenure of the new Speaker. The Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha has to be an MLA. The current speaker, Biman Banerjee, is the MLA from the Baruipur Paschim constituency. To become the Speaker of the West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, a person must be a citizen of India, not less than 25 years of age.\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9139285\",\n \"text\": \"House must immediately fill a vacancy in the office. Like the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker remains in office after a dissolution of Parliament until the day before the next Parliament convenes even if he or she lost re-election or was not a candidate. The role of Deputy Speaker is created by the Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly, and that of Chairperson of Committees by section 17(1) of the Parliament of Queensland Act 2001. As Deputy Speaker, the member takes the chair when the Speaker is absent or at his or her request. When the House resolves into a Committee\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17254147\",\n \"text\": \"and overregulation. Chief Republican Whip – Heath Flora The Chief Republican Whip helps devise legislative floor strategy and provide direction and guidance to the Republican Whips as they work to advance the Republican caucus position during Assembly floor sessions. Republican Whips – James Gallagher and Vince Fong Republican Whips are charged with mobilizing members vote on important legislation, acting as a liaison between members and leadership, and helping to coordinate strategy within the caucus. California State Assembly Republican Caucus The California State Assembly Republican Caucus is the formal organization of Republican Members in the California State Assembly, who hold 25\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly Republican Caucus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11265874\",\n \"text\": \"three officers are elected every two years when the Assembly organizes: Chief Clerk, Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and Chaplain. These officers are not members of the house and serve the legislature in a nonpartisan capacity. The current Chief Clerk is E. Dotson Wilson, who was first elected in 1992. This is a list of Chief Clerks of the California Assembly. To keep the numbering system correct, there are instances where a clerk has had a hiatus between terms of service (e.g. J.M. Anderson is the \\\"sixth\\\" person to serve as Chief Clerk: he served 1855–56, had a four-year hiatus, and then returned\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Clerk of the California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2667888\",\n \"text\": \"the State Assembly in the chief leadership position, controlling the flow of legislation and committee assignments. The Speaker is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full assembly. Other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber. The current Speaker is Democrat Anthony Rendon (63rd–Lakewood). The majority leader is Democrat Ian Calderon (57th–Whittier), while the minority leader is Republican Marie Waldron (75th–Escondido). The chamber's green tones are based on the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The dais rests along\",\n \"title\": \"California State Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690622\",\n \"text\": \"Chairperson of the Assembly, he is also a member of the Assembly. He is entrusted with wide-ranging punitive powers to help him maintain proper conduct in the Assembly. He is expected to give sufficient time to all members of the Assembly and help them get their views across. The Speaker also keeps communicating with members, leaders of parties, etc., in the Vidhan Sabha. He interacts with leaders of other parties at semi-formal meetings a day before the start of a session, to know their mood on a wide range of issues. The salaries and allowances of the Speaker and the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690621\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Speaker chairs the sitting when the Speaker is absent. If both the Speakers cannot attend a session, a member of the Panel of Chairmen chairs the Assembly. He is the customary head of the Vidhan Sabha and an arbiter. His decisions are final and cannot be challenged. The Speaker constitutes all Committees of the Assembly. He nominates the Chairpersons of all the Parliamentary Committees. Political problems hampering the functioning of Committees are consulted with him for directions. The Advisory Committee on Business, the Committee of General Purposes and the Committee of Rules fall under him. Apart from being the\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15690615\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers must collectively resign. The Speaker is supposed to resign from his original party because as a speaker, he has to remain impartial. The Speaker presides over the sessions of the Vidhan Sabha and conducts the business in the Assembly. He decides whether a bill is a money bill or a non-money bill. He maintains discipline and decorum in the Assembly and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10120744\",\n \"text\": \"in the event of a tie. He is the guardian of the privileges of the Assembly and protects the rights of its Members. The Speaker is the only representative of the House of Assembly. The Speaker has jurisdiction and day to day control over all matters concerning Province House, including operations, maintenance and restoration, and administration of the adjacent office complexes at One Government Place, the George Building, and the Provincial Building. The Speaker is the Chair of the Legislature Internal Economy Board, the body responsible for regulating services to Members. In the House, Speaker decides questions of order and\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11265921\",\n \"text\": \"for recording votes on the Senate floor. The secretary is one of three non-member officers selected for each two-year session; the body also appoints a chaplain and sergeant-at-arms. (\\\"California's Legislature\\\" (2006 edition), California State Assembly: Sacramento. p. 149) The current secretary of the Senate is Daniel Alvarez, who was first elected on October 15, 2014. The longest-serving secretary of the Senate was Joseph Beek, who served from 1919 to 1968 (with the exception of 1921, when he did not serve). Secretary of the California State Senate The Secretary of the California Senate is a nonpartisan officer of the Senate and\",\n \"title\": \"Secretary of the California State Senate\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12353127\",\n \"text\": \"California Secretary of State: 1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly.\",\n \"title\": \"1994 California State Assembly election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11598120\",\n \"text\": \"party balance. Final results from the California Secretary of State: 2004 California State Assembly election The 2004 California State Assembly elections were held November 2, 2004. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. It was expected that the Democrats would retain control of the Assembly, which they did. While some seats were close races, no opposing party challenges to incumbents were successful on\",\n \"title\": \"2004 California State Assembly election\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10435370\",\n \"text\": \"and decisions. The Speaker also has extensive administrative functions, being responsible, with the President, for the overall direction of the Parliament. In this, the Presiding Officers are advised by the Clerks of both Houses. The Speaker is solely responsible for the operation of the Department of the Legislative Assembly. If only one candidate is nominated for election, then no ballot is held, and the Assembly proceeds directly to the motion to appoint the candidate to the Speakership. A similar procedure is used if a Speaker seeks a further term after a general election: no ballot is held, and the Assembly\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7676794\",\n \"text\": \"Plecas being an exception; however, while holding the office of Speaker that MLA must act neutrally and treat all other MLAs impartially, and to preserve this impartiality the Speaker follows Speaker Denison's rule in breaking ties. The Speaker presides over the debates and procedures of the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker enforces the Rules of Procedure, commonly referred to as the Standing Orders. Any disputes or procedural rulings are made according to the Standing Orders or, in absence of a rule governing a specific situation, to parliamentary precedence and convention. The Speaker does not vote, except in the case of a\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6074578\",\n \"text\": \"broaden public awareness of the artistic, historical and cultural contributions of African Americans and how other cultures intersect with African American history, art and culture. More than 80 programs are offered annually. The California African American Museum has a budget of about $3.5 million a year. Admission is free. The state provides $2.5 million, augmented by funds from a private nonprofit museum foundation that in recent years has generated annual contributions and other revenues of $650,000 to $1.4 million. In July 2015, George O. Davis was named as a new executive director to mainly oversee strategic planning, budget management, and\",\n \"title\": \"California African American Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12353126\",\n \"text\": \"1994 California State Assembly election The 1994 California State Assembly elections were held November 8, 1994. California's State Assembly in its entirety comes up for election in even numbered years. Each seat has a two-year term and members are limited to three 2-year terms (six years). All 80 biennially elected seats in the Assembly were up for election this year. Republicans gained a net of eight seats from the Democrats, taking control of the chamber by a slim margin. As of 2017, this is the last time the Republicans won control of the California State Assembly. Final results from the\",\n \"title\": \"1994 California State Assembly election\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":280,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"281"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What are wavelengths of visible light measured in?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"519256","text":"Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations like magenta, for example, are absent because they can only be made from a","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"519266","text":"be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"6111187","text":"Visible-light astronomy Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of observations via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible light (optical telescopes). Visible-light astronomy is part of optical astronomy, and differs from astronomies based on invisible types of light in the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, such as radio waves, infrared waves, ultraviolet waves, X-ray waves and gamma-ray waves. Visible light ranges from 380 to 750 nanometers in wavelength. Visible-light astronomy has existed as long as people have been looking up at the night sky, although it has since improved in its observational capabilities since the invention of the telescope, which","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"18104219","text":"is one of the seven spectral colors described by Isaac Newton in 1672. Violet light is at the higher end of the visible spectrum, with a wavelength ~380-450 nanometers (in experiments, people have so far seen to 310 nm). Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet. Violet objects are normally composed-light violet. Objects reflecting spectral violet appear very dark, because human vision is relatively insensitive to those wavelengths. Monochromatic lamps emitting spectral-violet wavelengths can be roughly approximated by the color named electric violet, which is a composed-light violet producing a","title":"Violet light"},{"docid":"73330","text":"color in question. The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum—named using the Latin word for \"appearance\" or \"apparition\" by Isaac Newton in 1671—include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the \"pure spectral\" or \"monochromatic\" colors. The table at right shows approximate frequencies (in terahertz) and wavelengths (in nanometers) for various pure spectral colors. The wavelengths listed are as measured in air or vacuum (see refractive index). The color table should not be interpreted as a definitive list—the pure spectral colors form a continuous spectrum, and how it is divided","title":"Color"},{"docid":"12960893","text":"in the visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex. The human visual system is generally believed to perceive visible light in the range of wavelengths between 370 and 730 nanometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, some research suggests that humans can perceive light in wavelengths down to 340 nanometers (UV-A), especially the young. The major problem in visual perception is that what people see is not simply a translation of retinal stimuli (i.e., the image on the retina). Thus people interested in perception have long struggled to explain what visual processing does to create what","title":"Visual perception"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"519256\",\n \"text\": \"Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all the colors that the human eyes and brain can distinguish. Unsaturated colors such as pink, or purple variations like magenta, for example, are absent because they can only be made from a\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519266\",\n \"text\": \"be detected in astronomical objects by emission lines and absorption lines. The shifting of spectral lines can be used to measure the Doppler shift (red shift or blue shift) of distant objects. Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nanometers. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of 430–770 THz. The spectrum does not contain all\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111187\",\n \"text\": \"Visible-light astronomy Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of observations via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible light (optical telescopes). Visible-light astronomy is part of optical astronomy, and differs from astronomies based on invisible types of light in the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, such as radio waves, infrared waves, ultraviolet waves, X-ray waves and gamma-ray waves. Visible light ranges from 380 to 750 nanometers in wavelength. Visible-light astronomy has existed as long as people have been looking up at the night sky, although it has since improved in its observational capabilities since the invention of the telescope, which\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18104219\",\n \"text\": \"is one of the seven spectral colors described by Isaac Newton in 1672. Violet light is at the higher end of the visible spectrum, with a wavelength ~380-450 nanometers (in experiments, people have so far seen to 310 nm). Light with a shorter wavelength than violet but longer than X-rays and gamma rays is called ultraviolet. Violet objects are normally composed-light violet. Objects reflecting spectral violet appear very dark, because human vision is relatively insensitive to those wavelengths. Monochromatic lamps emitting spectral-violet wavelengths can be roughly approximated by the color named electric violet, which is a composed-light violet producing a\",\n \"title\": \"Violet light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"73330\",\n \"text\": \"color in question. The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum—named using the Latin word for \\\"appearance\\\" or \\\"apparition\\\" by Isaac Newton in 1671—include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the \\\"pure spectral\\\" or \\\"monochromatic\\\" colors. The table at right shows approximate frequencies (in terahertz) and wavelengths (in nanometers) for various pure spectral colors. The wavelengths listed are as measured in air or vacuum (see refractive index). The color table should not be interpreted as a definitive list—the pure spectral colors form a continuous spectrum, and how it is divided\",\n \"title\": \"Color\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12960893\",\n \"text\": \"in the visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex. The human visual system is generally believed to perceive visible light in the range of wavelengths between 370 and 730 nanometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, some research suggests that humans can perceive light in wavelengths down to 340 nanometers (UV-A), especially the young. The major problem in visual perception is that what people see is not simply a translation of retinal stimuli (i.e., the image on the retina). Thus people interested in perception have long struggled to explain what visual processing does to create what\",\n \"title\": \"Visual perception\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7213403","text":"High-energy visible light In ophthalmology, high-energy visible light (HEV light) is high-frequency, high-energy light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum. Despite a lack of concurring scientific evidence, HEV light has sometimes been claimed to be a cause of age-related macular degeneration. Some sunglasses and beauty creams specifically block HEV, for added marketing value. Blue-light hazard is defined as the potential for a photochemically-induced retinal injury resulting from electromagnetic radiation exposure at wavelengths primarily between 400 and This study has not been done in humans, only inconclusively in some rodent, primate, and in vitro","title":"High-energy visible light"},{"docid":"576147","text":"ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the \"luminous flux\") to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are \"lumens per watt\" (lpw). The maximum LER possible","title":"Incandescent light bulb"},{"docid":"519262","text":"insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light rather than how colorful they appear to humans. Birds, too, can see into the ultraviolet (300–400 nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage that are visible only in the ultraviolet range. Many animals that can see into the ultraviolet range, however, cannot see red light or any other reddish wavelengths. Bees' visible spectrum ends at about 590 nm, just before the orange wavelengths start. Birds, however, can see some red wavelengths, although not as far into the light spectrum as humans. The popular belief that the","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"794124","text":"single-beam instrument, the cuvette containing only a solvent has to be measured first. Mettler Toledo developed a single beam array spectrophotometer that allows fast and accurate measurements over the UV/VIS range. The light source consists of a Xenon flash lamp for the ultraviolet (UV) as well as for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared wavelength regions covering a spectral range from 190 up to 1100 nm. The lamp flashes are focused on a glass fiber which drives the beam of light onto a cuvette containing the sample solution. The beam passes through the sample and specific wavelengths are absorbed by the","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"519257","text":"mix of multiple wavelengths. Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors or spectral colors. Visible wavelengths pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere via the \"optical window\" region of the electromagnetic spectrum. An example of this phenomenon is when clean air scatters blue light more than red light, and so the midday sky appears blue. The optical window is also referred to as the \"visible window\" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) window, and the","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"794133","text":"optimal wavelengths for all species involved in equilibria, a reaction can be run to equilibrium, and the concentration of species determined from spectroscopy at various known wavelengths. The equilibrium constant can be calculated as K(eq) = [Products] / [Reactants]. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, atoms and molecules undergo","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"794120","text":"\"reflectance\", and is usually expressed as a percentage (%R). The basic parts of a spectrophotometer are a light source, a holder for the sample, a diffraction grating in a monochromator or a prism to separate the different wavelengths of light, and a detector. The radiation source is often a Tungsten filament (300–2500 nm), a deuterium arc lamp, which is continuous over the ultraviolet region (190–400 nm), Xenon arc lamp, which is continuous from 160 to 2,000 nm; or more recently, light emitting diodes (LED) for the visible wavelengths. The detector is typically a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode, a photodiode array","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"794125","text":"sample components. The remaining light is collected after the cuvette by a glass fiber and driven into a spectrograph. The spectrograph consists of a diffraction grating that separates the light into the different wavelengths, and a CCD sensor to record the data, respectively. The whole spectrum is thus simultaneously measured, allowing for fast recording. Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be measured. Samples are typically placed in a transparent cell, known as a cuvette. Cuvettes are typically rectangular in shape, commonly with an internal width of 1","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"238041","text":"Light Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is the visible spectrum that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 4.00 × 10 to 7.00 × 10 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz). The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Sunlight provides the","title":"Light"},{"docid":"20411507","text":"of a standardized approach to incorporating visible light images into the electronic medical record Increasingly, visible light imaging is being deployed beyond individual departments, as part of a trend referred to as Enterprise Imaging Including fiberoptic endoscopy and rigid scope endoscopy: Including: General anatomic photography, including: Visible light imaging Visible light imaging is an imaging modality that uses visible light. Even prior to specific support in DICOM for visible light imaging, the standard could already encapsulate color images, e.g., in JPEG format as Secondary Capture images . The need for standardized communication of digital visible light images from various specialties,","title":"Visible light imaging"},{"docid":"20411506","text":"Visible light imaging Visible light imaging is an imaging modality that uses visible light. Even prior to specific support in DICOM for visible light imaging, the standard could already encapsulate color images, e.g., in JPEG format as Secondary Capture images . The need for standardized communication of digital visible light images from various specialties, and the need for specialty-specific acquisition context metadata and an appropriate controlled terminology was recognized not long after the DICOM standard was introduced and the terminology of visible light imaging was introduced to the standard The United States Department of Veterans Affairs was an early adopter","title":"Visible light imaging"},{"docid":"7213404","text":"studies. The mechanisms for photochemically-induced retinal injury are caused by the absorption of light by photoreceptors in the eye. Under normal conditions when light hits a photoreceptor, the cell bleaches and becomes useless until it has recovered through a metabolic process called the visual cycle. Absorption of blue light, however, has been shown in rats and a susceptible strain of mice to cause a reversal of the process where cells become unbleached and responsive again to light before they are ready. At wavelengths of blue light below 430 nm this greatly increases the potential for oxidative damage. For blue-light circadian","title":"High-energy visible light"},{"docid":"794121","text":"or a charge-coupled device (CCD). Single photodiode detectors and photomultiplier tubes are used with scanning monochromators, which filter the light so that only light of a single wavelength reaches the detector at one time. The scanning monochromator moves the diffraction grating to \"step-through\" each wavelength so that its intensity may be measured as a function of wavelength. Fixed monochromators are used with CCDs and photodiode arrays. As both of these devices consist of many detectors grouped into one or two dimensional arrays, they are able to collect light of different wavelengths on different pixels or groups of pixels simultaneously. A","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"6111198","text":"it is very bright, and can even be seen in daylight. However, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn can also be seen without the aid of telescopes or binoculars. Constellations and stars are also often observed, and have been used in the past for navigation, especially by ships at sea. One of the most recognizable constellations is the Big Dipper, which is part of the constellation Ursa Major. Constellations also serve to help describe the location of other objects in the sky. Visible-light astronomy Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of observations via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"519261","text":"and Johann Wilhelm Ritter (ultraviolet), Thomas Young, Thomas Johann Seebeck, and others. Young was the first to measure the wavelengths of different colors of light, in 1802. The connection between the visible spectrum and color vision was explored by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early 19th century. Their theory of color vision correctly proposed that the eye uses three distinct receptors to perceive color. Many species can see light within frequencies outside the human \"visible spectrum\". Bees and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"519264","text":"used in thermoregulation and predator detection. (See Infrared sensing in snakes) Colors that can be produced by visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths (monochromatic light) are called pure spectral colors. The various color ranges indicated in the illustration are an approximation: The spectrum is continuous, with no clear boundaries between one color and the next. Color displays (e.g. computer monitors and televisions) cannot reproduce \"all\" colors discernible by a human eye. Colors outside the color gamut of the device, such as most spectral colors, can only be approximated. For color-accurate reproduction, a spectrum can be projected onto a","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"238045","text":"Generally, EM radiation (the designation \"radiation\" excludes static electric, magnetic, and near fields), or EMR, is classified by wavelength into radio waves, microwaves, infrared, the visible spectrum that we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The behavior of EMR depends on its wavelength. Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and lower frequencies have longer wavelengths. When EMR interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behavior depends on the amount of energy per quantum it carries. EMR in the visible light region consists of quanta (called photons) that are at the lower end of the energies that are capable of","title":"Light"},{"docid":"794131","text":"dithizonate is a yellow-orange color in diluted solution (1*10^-5 M), and turns blue when subjected with particular wavelengths of visible light (and UV) via a conformational change, but this reaction is reversible back into the yellow \"ground state\". The rate constant of a particular reaction can be determined by measuring the UV/Vis absorbance spectrum at specific time intervals. Using mercury dithizonate again as an example, one can shine light on the sample to turn the solution blue, then run a UV/Vis test every 10 seconds (variable) to see the levels of absorbed and reflected wavelengths change over time in accordance","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"5419374","text":"Visible light communication Visible light communication (VLC) is a data communications variant which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz (780–375 nm). VLC is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s over short distances. Systems such as RONJA can transmit at full Ethernet speed (10 Mbit/s) over distances of . Specially designed electronic devices generally containing a photodiode receive signals from light sources, although in some cases a cell phone camera or a digital camera","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"794127","text":"to telescopes to measure the spectra of astronomical features. UV–visible microspectrophotometers consist of a UV–visible microscope integrated with a UV–visible spectrophotometer. A complete spectrum of the absorption at all wavelengths of interest can often be produced directly by a more sophisticated spectrophotometer. In simpler instruments the absorption is determined one wavelength at a time and then compiled into a spectrum by the operator. By removing the concentration dependence, the extinction coefficient (ε) can be determined as a function of wavelength. UV–visible spectroscopy of microscopic samples is done by integrating an optical microscope with UV–visible optics, white light sources, a monochromator,","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"7213409","text":"clinical dermatologic therapies. Constructors such as Philips currently develop devices and techniques emitting in the blue visible spectrum to be used in dermatologic therapy. High-energy visible light In ophthalmology, high-energy visible light (HEV light) is high-frequency, high-energy light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum. Despite a lack of concurring scientific evidence, HEV light has sometimes been claimed to be a cause of age-related macular degeneration. Some sunglasses and beauty creams specifically block HEV, for added marketing value. Blue-light hazard is defined as the potential for a photochemically-induced retinal injury resulting from electromagnetic radiation","title":"High-energy visible light"},{"docid":"6111188","text":"is commonly credited to Hans Lippershey, a German-Dutch spectacle-maker, although Galileo played a large role in the development and creation of telescopes. Visible-light astronomy continues to advance in the modern day, with projects such as the James Webb Telescope being projected for launch in the next few years. Since visible-light astronomy is restricted to only visible light, no equipment is necessary for simply star gazing. This means that it's the most commonly participated in type of astronomy, as well as the oldest. Before the advent of telescopes, astronomy was limited solely to unaided eyesight. Humans have been looking at stars","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"5419383","text":"but cannot perceive the instantaneous color that varies rapidly in time. In other words, CSK transmission maintains a constant time-averaged luminous flux, even as its symbol sequence varies rapidly in chromaticity. Visible light communication Visible light communication (VLC) is a data communications variant which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz (780–375 nm). VLC is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s over short distances. Systems such as RONJA can transmit at full Ethernet speed","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"6111191","text":"and as items of trade. He published his initial telescopic astronomical observations in March 1610 in a brief treatise entitled \"Sidereus Nuncius\" (\"Starry Messenger\"). In the modern day, visible-light astronomy is still practiced by many amateur astronomers, especially since telescopes are much more widely available for the public, as compared to when they were first being invented. Government agencies, such as NASA, are very involved in the modern day research and observation of visible objects and celestial bodies. In the modern day, the highest quality pictures and data are obtained via space telescopes; telescopes that are outside of the Earth's","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"2239990","text":"only certain portions of the visible spectrum. The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected back or transmitted for our physical observation. In the visible portion of the spectrum, this is what gives rise to color. Absorption centers are largely responsible for the appearance of specific wavelengths of visible light all around us. Moving from longer (0.7 micrometer) to shorter (0.4 micrometer) wavelengths: red, orange, yellow, green and blue (ROYGB) can all be identified by our senses in the appearance of color by the selective absorption of specific light wave frequencies (or wavelengths). Mechanisms of selective","title":"Transparency and translucency"},{"docid":"5419375","text":"will be sufficient. The image sensor used in these devices is in fact an array of photodiodes (pixels) and in some applications its use may be preferred over a single photodiode. Such a sensor may provide either multi-channel (down to 1 pixel = 1 channel) or a spatial awareness of multiple light sources. VLC can be used as a communications medium for ubiquitous computing and IoT ecosystems because light-producing devices (such as indoor/outdoor lamps, TVs, traffic signs, commercial displays and car headlights/taillights) are used everywhere. Using visible light is also less dangerous for high-power applications because humans can perceive it","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"238048","text":"and shrimp) are able to detect ultraviolet, by quantum photon-absorption mechanisms, in much the same chemical way that humans detect visible light. Various sources define visible light as narrowly as 420–680 nm to as broadly as 380–800 nm. Under ideal laboratory conditions, people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm; children and young adults may perceive ultraviolet wavelengths down to about 310–313 nm. Plant growth is also affected by the color spectrum of light, a process known as photomorphogenesis. The speed of light in a vacuum is defined to be exactly 299,792,458 m/s (approx. 186,282 miles per second).","title":"Light"},{"docid":"5419376","text":"and act to protect their eyes from damage. The history of visible light communications (VLC) dates back to the 1880s in Washington, D.C. when the Scottish-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell invented the photophone, which transmitted speech on modulated sunlight over several hundred meters. This pre-dates the transmission of speech by radio. More recent work began in 2003 at Nakagawa Laboratory, in Keio University, Japan, using LEDs to transmit data by visible light. Since then there have been numerous research activities focussed on VLC. In 2006, researchers from CICTR at Penn State proposed a combination of power line communication (PLC) and","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"1979285","text":"see is the complementary color, made up of the other visible wavelengths remaining. For example, beta-carotene has maximum absorption at 454 nm (blue light), consequently what visible light remains appears orange . Below is a rough table of wavelengths, colors and complementary colors. This utilizes the scientific CMY and RGB color wheels rather than the traditional RYB color wheel. This can only be used as a very rough guide, for instance if a narrow range of wavelengths within the band 647-700 is absorbed, then the blue and green receptors will be fully stimulated, making cyan, and the red receptor will","title":"Color of chemicals"},{"docid":"6111194","text":"Earth. There are three main types of telescopes used in visible-light astronomy: Each type of telescope suffers from different types of aberration; refracting telescopes have chromatic aberration, which causes colors to be shown on edges separating light and dark parts of the image, where there should not be such colors. This is due to the lens being unable to focus all colors to the same convergence point. Reflecting telescopes suffer from several types of optical inaccuracies, such as off-axis aberrations near the edges of the field of view. Catadioptric telescopes vary in the types of optical inaccuracies present, as there","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"238062","text":"the same intensity (W/m) of visible light do not necessarily appear equally bright. The photometry units are designed to take this into account, and therefore are a better representation of how \"bright\" a light appears to be than raw intensity. They relate to raw power by a quantity called luminous efficacy, and are used for purposes like determining how to best achieve sufficient illumination for various tasks in indoor and outdoor settings. The illumination measured by a photocell sensor does not necessarily correspond to what is perceived by the human eye, and without filters which may be costly, photocells and","title":"Light"},{"docid":"576146","text":"1914, 88.5 million lamps were used, (only 15% with carbon filaments), and by 1945, annual sales of lamps were 795 million (more than 5 lamps per person per year). Of the power consumed by typical incandescent light bulbs, 95% or more is converted into heat rather than visible light. Other electrical light sources are more effective. Luminous \"efficacy\" of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the \"luminous flux\") to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the","title":"Incandescent light bulb"},{"docid":"15940202","text":"that with increasing depth the amount of light available decreases quickly. The optical properties of water also lead to different wavelengths of light being absorbed to different degrees. For example, visible light of long wavelengths (e.g. red, orange) is absorbed in less water than light of shorter wavelengths (green, blue). Ultraviolet light (even shorter wavelength than violet) can penetrate deeper than visual spectra Besides these universal qualities of water, different bodies of water may absorb light of different wavelengths due to varying salt and/or chemical presence in the water. Fish eyes are broadly similar to those of other vertebrates –","title":"Vision in fishes"},{"docid":"16147675","text":"Dental curing light A dental curing light is a piece of dental equipment that is used for polymerization of light cure resin based composites. It can be used on several different dental materials that are curable by light. The light used falls under the visible blue light spectrum. This light is delivered over a range of wavelengths and varies for each type of device. There are four basic types of dental curing light sources: tungsten halogen, light-emitting diodes (LED), plasma arcs, and lasers. The two most common are halogen and LEDs. In the early 1960s, the first light curing resin","title":"Dental curing light"},{"docid":"11140945","text":"source is similar in character to that from a Planckian \"black body\" in spectral distribution, that is, the bulb, as the filament heats up, produces light from wavelengths throughout the visible spectrum. Alternative light sources use phosphors or combinations of mono-chromatic LEDs (red, blue, green) to produce \"white\" light, giving significantly irregular spectral distributions which can result in color casts in photography and differences of color matching when compared to incandescent light or daylight. Halogen lamps are a type of incandescent lamp with improved efficiency over regular incandescent lamps. Though not as energy efficient as other alternatives, they are up","title":"Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs"},{"docid":"242589","text":"practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays and were commonly seen in digital clocks. Recent","title":"Light-emitting diode"},{"docid":"3881284","text":"with the psychedelic aesthetic that emerged in the late 1960s. Infrared light lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared light has a range of wavelengths, just like visible light has wavelengths that range from red light to violet. \"Near infrared\" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and \"far infrared\" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic. Most manual focus 35 mm SLR and","title":"Infrared photography"},{"docid":"6111192","text":"atmosphere. This allows for much clearer observations, as the Earth's atmosphere is not disrupting the image and viewing quality of the telescope, meaning objects can be observed in much greater detail, and much more distant or low-light objects may be observed. Additionally, this means that observations are able to be made at any time, rather than only during the night. The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope created by NASA, and was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990. It is still in operation today. The Hubble Space Telescope's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and","title":"Visible-light astronomy"},{"docid":"17966122","text":"\"showcasing the same image of New York City, viewed through the filters of various wavelengths of light: visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma ray, microwave, and even a radio image\". The episode maintained the previous week's 18-49 rating/share of 1.5/4, with 3.98 million American viewers watching on Fox. This episode explores the wave theory of light as studied by mankind, noting that light has played an important role in scientific progress, with such early experiments from over 2000 years ago involving the camera obscura by the Chinese philosopher Mozi. Tyson describes the work of the 11th century Arabic scientist Ibn al-Haytham,","title":"Hiding in the Light"},{"docid":"794126","text":"cm. (This width becomes the path length, formula_14, in the Beer–Lambert law.) Test tubes can also be used as cuvettes in some instruments. The type of sample container used must allow radiation to pass over the spectral region of interest. The most widely applicable cuvettes are made of high quality fused silica or quartz glass because these are transparent throughout the UV, visible and near infrared regions. Glass and plastic cuvettes are also common, although glass and most plastics absorb in the UV, which limits their usefulness to visible wavelengths. Specialized instruments have also been made. These include attaching spectrophotometers","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"238047","text":"of cellular water are raised in temperature by the infrared radiation. EMR in this range causes molecular vibration and heating effects, which is how these animals detect it. Above the range of visible light, ultraviolet light becomes invisible to humans, mostly because it is absorbed by the cornea below 360 nm and the internal lens below 400 nm. Furthermore, the rods and cones located in the retina of the human eye cannot detect the very short (below 360 nm) ultraviolet wavelengths and are in fact damaged by ultraviolet. Many animals with eyes that do not require lenses (such as insects","title":"Light"},{"docid":"3508510","text":"formation method that involves a digital computer. Many of these methods operate at visible wavelengths, and many of those produce light fields. As a result, listing all applications of light fields would require surveying all uses of computational imaging in art, science, engineering, and medicine. In computer graphics, some selected applications are: Image generation and predistortion of synthetic imagery for holographic stereograms is one of the earliest examples of computed light fields, anticipating and later motivating the geometry used in Levoy and Hanrahan's work (Halle 1991, 1994). Modern approaches to light field display explore co-designs of optical elements and compressive","title":"Light field"},{"docid":"18194497","text":"light, λ, since experimentally variables involving thin films are typically measured over a spectrum of wavelengths. The \"n\" and \"k\" spectra of a thin film cannot be measured directly, but must be determined indirectly from measurable quantities that depend on them. Spectroscopic reflectance, \"R(λ\"), is one such measurable quantity. Another, is spectroscopic transmittance, \"T(λ)\", applicable when the substrate is transparent. Spectroscopic reflectance of a thin film on a substrate represents the ratio of the intensity of light reflected from the sample to the intensity of incident light, measured over a range of wavelengths, whereas spectroscopic transmittance, \"T(λ)\", represents the ratio","title":"Refractive index and extinction coefficient of thin film materials"},{"docid":"5741421","text":"Full-spectrum light Full-spectrum light is light that covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular, sunlight is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions. \"Full-spectrum\" is not a technical term when applied to an electrical light bulb. Rather, it implies that the product emulates some important quality of natural light. Products marketed as \"full-spectrum\" may produce light throughout the entire visible spectrum, but without producing an even spectral distribution. Some may not differ substantially","title":"Full-spectrum light"},{"docid":"238060","text":"by more energetic radiation, a process known as fluorescence. Some substances emit light slowly after excitation by more energetic radiation. This is known as phosphorescence. Phosphorescent materials can also be excited by bombarding them with subatomic particles. Cathodoluminescence is one example. This mechanism is used in cathode ray tube television sets and computer monitors. Certain other mechanisms can produce light: When the concept of light is intended to include very-high-energy photons (gamma rays), additional generation mechanisms include: Light is measured with two main alternative sets of units: radiometry consists of measurements of light power at all wavelengths, while photometry measures","title":"Light"},{"docid":"5741422","text":"from lights not marketed as \"full-spectrum\". Color temperature and Color Rendering Index (CRI) are the standards for measuring light. There is no technical definition of \"full-spectrum\" so it cannot be measured. To compare \"full-spectrum\" sources requires direct comparison of spectral distribution. The emission spectrum of a light source varies depending on the light generating mechanism. Thermal sources such as incandescent bulbs produce electromagnetic radiation over a broad and continuous range of wavelengths, including infrared and ultraviolet. A black body radiator is the idealized version of a thermal source. As the temperature of a black body radiator increases, the shape of","title":"Full-spectrum light"},{"docid":"19455837","text":"paints to areas of paint loss to restore the \"visual unity\" of the painting. Conservators need to analyze the inner layers of paintings and their support to identify pigments and unstable layers. They use various tools for types of imaging to disguise materials and damages. Multispectral imaging is the capture of a single image viewed in different wavelengths. For imaging purposes of conservation, paintings are recorded in the wavelengths: ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared (IR). \"VIS- Visible Light\"- The photo image visible to the naked eye representing the actual colors of the painting. RAK-Raking Light- Lighting the painting from","title":"Conservation and restoration of paintings"},{"docid":"15351805","text":"electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, whether visible or not. High-energy visible light is blue-violet light with a higher damaging potential. Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 300 micrometers, which equates to a frequency range between approximately 1 and 430 THz. IR wavelengths are longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of terahertz radiation microwaves. Bright sunlight provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation. Microwaves are","title":"Non-ionizing radiation"},{"docid":"3504405","text":"gain parameters of the detector itself. The light sensing element in photon counting devices in NIR, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths is a photomultiplier to achieve sufficient sensitivity. In airborne and space-based remote sensing such photon counters are used at the upper reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum such as the X-ray to far ultraviolet. This is usually due to the lower radiant intensity of the objects being measured as well as the difficulty of measuring light at higher energies using its particle-like nature as compared to the wavelike nature of light at lower frequencies. Conversely, radiometers are typically used for remote","title":"Photometer"},{"docid":"242534","text":"information, many lighting professionals continue to disparage low-pressure sodium, contributing to its decreased acceptance and specification in lighting standards and therefore its use. Another disadvantage of low-pressure sodium lamps is that some people find the characteristic yellow light very displeasing aesthetically. Because of the increased sensitivity of the human eye to blue and green wavelengths when viewing low-luminances (the Purkinje effect) in the night sky, different sources produce dramatically different amounts of visible skyglow from the same amount of light sent into the atmosphere. In some cases, evaluation of existing plans has determined that more efficient lighting plans are possible.","title":"Light pollution"},{"docid":"346507","text":"sophisticated methods of signal processing are also used in order to recover useful radar signals. The weak absorption of radio waves by the medium through which it passes is what enables radar sets to detect objects at relatively long ranges—ranges at which other electromagnetic wavelengths, such as visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, are too strongly attenuated. Such weather phenomena as fog, clouds, rain, falling snow, and sleet that block visible light are usually transparent to radio waves. Certain radio frequencies that are absorbed or scattered by water vapour, raindrops, or atmospheric gases (especially oxygen) are avoided in designing","title":"Radar"},{"docid":"4251244","text":"are K0III and G1III, although older values are still widely quoted such as G5IIIe + G0III from the Bright Star Catalogue or G8III + G0III by Eggen. Where the context is clear, these two components have been referred to as A and B. The individual apparent magnitudes of the two component stars cannot be directly measured, but their relative brightness has been measured at various wavelengths. They have very nearly equal brightness in the visible light spectrum, with the hotter secondary component generally being found to be a few tenths of a magnitude brighter. A 2016 measurement gives the magnitude","title":"Capella"},{"docid":"17843751","text":"Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936) announced the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation. This radiation is a relic of the light that filled the early cosmos almost 14 billion years ago, that can still be observed today across the sky at much longer wavelengths than visible light, in the domain of microwaves. Finding the CMB represented a triumph for the \"Big Bang\" description of the Universe. Penzias and Wilson won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 for their discovery. The detection of the CMB triggered a series of increasingly accurate experiments and detailed theoretical calculations over the past fifty","title":"International Year of Light"},{"docid":"9017139","text":"they can lead to production of singlet oxygen. The molecular mechanism(s) of photoinhibition are constantly under discussion. The newest candidate is the manganese mechanism suggested 2005 by the group of Esa Tyystjärvi. A similar mechanism was suggested by the group of Norio Murata, also in 2005. Photoinhibition occurs in all organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, from vascular plants to cyanobacteria. In both plants and cyanobacteria, blue light causes photoinhibition more efficiently than other wavelengths of visible light, and all wavelengths of ultraviolet light are more efficient than wavelengths of visible light. Photoinhibition is a series of reactions that inhibit different","title":"Photoinhibition"},{"docid":"242657","text":"quantum dot layer and recombine forming an exciton that excites a QD. This scheme is commonly studied for quantum dot display. The tunability of emission wavelengths and narrow bandwidth is also beneficial as excitation sources for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated. In February 2008, a luminous efficacy of 300 lumens of visible light per watt of radiation (not per electrical watt) and warm-light emission was achieved by using nanocrystals. The main types of LEDs are miniature, high-power devices, and custom designs such as alphanumeric or multicolor. These are mostly single-die","title":"Light-emitting diode"},{"docid":"19374173","text":"nine hours of sleep. Just one night of irregular sleep can drastically cause an imbalance in our bodies. Because blue light is the color of the sky, this may be the reason it is extremely sensitive to our eyes. Blue light has been found to delay sleepiness and can affect our circadian rhythm. Wearing yellow tinted sunglasses at night to avoid the blue wavelengths can ensure that you will become naturally tired and may help induce sleep quicker. A research study measured the effect of iPads at full brightness. It was found that after one hour of use, there was","title":"Effects of blue light technology"},{"docid":"5419381","text":"used in places such as hospitals, eldercare homes, warehouses, and large, open offices to locate people and control indoor robotic vehicles. There is wireless network that for data transmission uses visible light, and does not use intensity modulation of optical sources. The idea is to use vibration generator instead of optical sources for data transmission. Color shift keying (CSK), outlined in IEEE 802.15.7, is an intensity modulation based modulation scheme for VLC. CSK is intensity-based, as the modulated signal takes on an instantaneous color equal to the physical sum of three (red/green/blue) LED instantaneous intensities. This modulated signal jumps instantaneously,","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"3220264","text":"emits up to 10,000 lux of light at a specified distance, much brighter than a customary lamp, or a lower intensity of specific wavelengths of light from the blue (460 nm) to the green (525 nm) areas of the visible spectrum. A 1995 study showed that green light therapy at doses of 350 lux produces melatonin suppression and phase shifts equivalent to 10,000 lux white light therapy, but another study published in May 2010 suggests that the blue light often used for SAD treatment should perhaps be replaced by green or white illumination, because of a possible involvement of the","title":"Light therapy"},{"docid":"5419380","text":"in a hypermarket in Lille, France. In June 2015, two Chinese companies, Kuang-Chi and Ping An Bank, partnered to introduce a payment card that communicates information through a unique visible light. In March 2017, Philips set up the first VLC location-based services to shoppers' smartphones in Germany. The installation was presented at EuroShop in Düsseldorf (March 5 – 9 th). As first supermarket in Germany an Edeka supermarket in Düsseldorf-Bilk is using the system, which offers a 30 centimeter positioning accuracy can be achieved, which meets the special demands in food retail. Indoor positioning systems based on VLC can be","title":"Visible light communication"},{"docid":"3305699","text":"only allow a narrow range of wavelengths (essentially a single colour) to pass. The term \"infrared filter\" can be ambiguous, as it may be applied to filters to pass infrared (blocking other wavelengths) or to block infrared (only). Infrared-passing filters are used to block visible light but pass infrared; they are used, for example, in infrared photography. Infrared cut-off filters are designed to block or reflect infrared wavelengths but pass visible light. Mid-infrared filters are often used as heat-absorbing filters in devices with bright incandescent light bulbs (such as slide and overhead projectors) to prevent unwanted heating due to infrared","title":"Optical filter"},{"docid":"16147677","text":"the quartz-halogen bulb; this device had longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum and allowed for greater penetration of the curing light and light energy for resin composites. The halogen curing light replaced the UV curing light. The 1990s presented great improvements in light curing devices. As dental restorative materials advanced, so too did the technology used to cure these materials; the focus was to improve the intensity in order to be able to cure faster and deeper. In 1998 the plasma arc curing light was introduced. It uses a high intensity light source, a fluorescent bulb containing plasma, in","title":"Dental curing light"},{"docid":"16147676","text":"composites were developed. This led to the development of the first curing light, called Nuva Light, which was developed by Dentsply/Caulk in the 1970s. Nuva Light used ultraviolet light to cure resin composites. It was discontinued due to this requirement, as well as the fact that the shorter wavelengths of UV light did not penetrate deeply enough into the resin to adequately cure it. During the early 1980s, advances in the area of visible light curing took place, which ultimately led to the creation of a curing device that uses blue light. The next type of curing light developed was","title":"Dental curing light"},{"docid":"576149","text":"sources are radiant efficiencies and efficacies. A similar chart in the article on luminous efficacy compares a broader array of light sources to one another. The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye. Most of the radiation is not in the range of wavelengths to which the eye is sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below . Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: \"An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around . Even","title":"Incandescent light bulb"},{"docid":"2677651","text":"emits IR light as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 μm. Another complication is that quite a few materials such as glass and plastic absorb infrared light, making it incompatible as an optical medium. Ideal optical materials are salts, which do not absorb strongly. Samples for IR spectrophotometry may be smeared between two discs of potassium bromide or ground with potassium bromide and pressed into a pellet. Where aqueous solutions are to be measured, insoluble silver chloride is used to construct the cell. Spectroradiometers, which operate almost like the visible region spectrophotometers, are designed to measure the spectral","title":"Spectrophotometry"},{"docid":"275721","text":"part of their optical designs, usually to correct optical aberrations. The reflectivity of the mirror coating can be measured using a reflectometer and for a particular metal it will be different for different wavelengths of light. This is exploited in some optical work to make cold mirrors and hot mirrors. A cold mirror is made by using a transparent substrate and choosing a coating material that is more reflective to visible light and more transmissive to infrared light. A hot mirror is the opposite, the coating preferentially reflects infrared. Mirror surfaces are sometimes given thin film overcoatings both to retard","title":"Mirror"},{"docid":"7763258","text":"Silicon (from which DSLR sensors are made) can respond to wavelengths between 1100-190 nm. Photography based on visible fluorescence induced by UV radiation uses the same ultraviolet illumination as in reflected UV photography. However, the glass barrier filter used on the lens must now absorb or block all ultraviolet and infrared light and must permit only the \"visible\" radiation to pass. Visible fluorescence is produced in a suitable subject when the shorter, higher energy ultraviolet wavelengths are absorbed, lose some energy and are emitted as longer, lower energy visible wavelengths. UV induced visible fluorescence photography must take place in a","title":"Ultraviolet photography"},{"docid":"794113","text":"the rate of change in absorbance with wavelength is smallest. Measurements are usually made at a peak to minimize errors produced by errors in wavelength in the instrument, that is errors due to having a different extinction coefficient than assumed. Another important factor is the \"purity\" of the light used. The most important factor affecting this is the \"stray light\" level of the monochromator. The detector used is broadband; it responds to all the light that reaches it. If a significant amount of the light passed through the sample contains wavelengths that have much lower extinction coefficients than the nominal","title":"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy"},{"docid":"2678126","text":"of magnitude (detections have been demonstrated all the way down to 5 × 10). The theoretical best accuracy for most commercially available non-laser-based instruments is attained in the range near 1 AU. The path length or concentration should then, when possible, be adjusted to achieve readings near this range. Typically, absorbance of a dissolved substance is measured using absorption spectroscopy. This involves shining a light through a solution and recording how much light and what wavelengths were transmitted onto a detector. Using this information, the wavelengths that were absorbed can be determined. First, measurements on a \"blank\" are taken using","title":"Absorbance"},{"docid":"1691292","text":"a very narrow field (tens of arcsec), and current systems operating on several 8-10m telescopes work mainly in near-infrared wavelengths for single-object observations. Developments of adaptive optics include systems with multiple lasers over a wider corrected field, and/or working above kiloHertz rates for good correction at visible wavelengths; these are currently in progress but not yet in routine operation as of 2015. The twentieth century saw the construction of telescopes which could produce images using wavelengths other than visible light starting in 1931 when Karl Jansky discovered astronomical objects gave off radio emissions; this prompted a new era of observational","title":"History of the telescope"},{"docid":"2775200","text":"Filter fluorometer A filter fluorometer is a type of fluorometer that may be employed in fluorescence spectroscopy. In the fluorometer, a light source emits light of an excitation wavelength that is relevant to the compound to be measured. Filter fluorometers produce specific excitation and emission wavelengths by using optical filters. The filter blocks other wavelengths but transmits wavelengths relevant to the compound. The light passes through the sample to be measured, and a certain wavelength is absorbed while a longer wavelength is emitted. The emitted light is measured by a detector. By changing the optical filter, different substances can be","title":"Filter fluorometer"},{"docid":"146367","text":"by the tube. In physics, the speed of light in a vacuum is assumed to be a constant. However, hypotheses exist that the speed of light is variable. The speed of light is a dimensional quantity and so cannot be measured. Measurable quantities in physics are, without exception, dimensionless, although they are often constructed as ratios of dimensional quantities. For example, when the height of a mountain is measured, what is really measured is the ratio of its height to the length of a meter stick. The conventional SI system of units is based on seven basic dimensional quantities, namely","title":"Faster-than-light"},{"docid":"73359","text":"Subtractive coloring uses dyes, inks, pigments, or filters to absorb some wavelengths of light and not others. The color that a surface displays comes from the parts of the visible spectrum that are not absorbed and therefore remain visible. Without pigments or dye, fabric fibers, paint base and paper are usually made of particles that scatter white light (all colors) well in all directions. When a pigment or ink is added, wavelengths are absorbed or \"subtracted\" from white light, so light of another color reaches the eye. If the light is not a pure white source (the case of nearly","title":"Color"},{"docid":"14780002","text":"the light from a discharge lamp), both of which are advantageous for interferometry. The shortcomings of the krypton standard were demonstrated by the measurement of the wavelength of the light from a methane-stabilized helium–neon laser (\"λ\" ≈ 3.39 µm). The krypton line was found to be asymmetrical, so different wavelengths could be found for the laser light depending on which point on the krypton line was taken for reference. The asymmetry also affected the precision to which the wavelengths could be measured. Developments in electronics also made it possible for the first time to measure the frequency of light in","title":"History of the metre"},{"docid":"519263","text":"common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light is incorrect, because goldfish cannot see infrared light. Similarly, dogs are often thought to be color blind but they have been shown to be sensitive to colors, though not as many as humans. Some snakes can \"see\" radiant heat at wavelengths between 5 and 30 μm to a degree of accuracy such that a blind rattlesnake can target vulnerable body parts of the prey at which it strikes, and other snakes with the organ may detect warm bodies from a meter away. It may also be","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"4415401","text":"absorbance of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (instead of being reflected or refracted). This may be related to other properties of the object through the Beer–Lambert law. Precise measurements of the absorbance at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via absorption spectroscopy, where a sample is illuminated from one side, and the intensity of the light that exits from the sample in every direction is measured. A few examples of absorption are ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Understanding and measuring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation has a","title":"Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)"},{"docid":"4415403","text":"allows for material identification. In optics, sunglasses, colored filters, dyes, and other such materials are designed specifically with respect to which visible wavelengths they absorb, and in what proportions. In biology, photosynthetic organisms require that light of the appropriate wavelengths be absorbed within the active area of chloroplasts, so that the light energy can be converted into chemical energy within sugars and other molecules. In physics, the D-region of Earth's ionosphere is known to significantly absorb radio signals that fall within the high-frequency electromagnetic spectrum. In nuclear physics, absorption of nuclear radiations can be used for measuring the fluid levels,","title":"Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)"},{"docid":"11014810","text":"solution, the concentrations of each can be calculated using a light absorption analysis. First, the mass attenuation coefficients of each individual solute or solvent, ideally across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, must be measured or looked up. Second, the attenuation coefficient of the actual solution must be measured. Finally, using the formula the spectrum can be fitted using \"ρ\", \"ρ\", … as adjustable parameters, since \"μ\" and each are functions of wavelength. If there are \"N\" solutes or solvents, this procedure requires \"at least\" \"N\" measured wavelengths to create a solvable system of simultaneous equations, although using more wavelengths gives","title":"Mass attenuation coefficient"},{"docid":"9017145","text":"follows simple first-order kinetics if measured from a lincomycin-treated leaf, cyanobacterial or algal cells, or isolated thylakoid membranes in which concurrent repair does not disturb the kinetics. Data from the group of W. S. Chow indicate that in leaves of pepper (\"Capsicum annuum\"), the first-order pattern is replaced by a pseudo-equilibrium even if the repair reaction is blocked. The deviation has been explained by assuming that photoinhibited PSII centers protect the remaining active ones. Both visible and ultraviolet light cause photoinhibition, ultraviolet wavelengths being much more damaging. Some researchers consider ultraviolet and visible light induced photoinhibition as a two different","title":"Photoinhibition"},{"docid":"513378","text":"radiation reaches the sea-surface, the shortwave radiation is attenuated by the water, and the intensity of light decreases exponentially with water depth. The intensity of light at depth can be calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law. In clear open waters, visible light is absorbed at the longest wavelengths first. Thus, red, orange, and yellow wavelengths are absorbed at higher water depths, and blue and violet wavelengths reach the deepest in the water column. Because the blue and violet wavelengths are absorbed last compared to the other wavelengths, open ocean waters appear deep-blue to the eye. In near-shore (coastal) waters, sea water","title":"Attenuation"},{"docid":"576162","text":"depend on the filament type, shape, size, and amount of current drawn. The heated filament emits light that approximates a continuous spectrum. The useful part of the emitted energy is visible light, but most energy is given off as heat in the near-infrared wavelengths. Three-way light bulbs have two filaments and three conducting contacts in their bases. The filaments share a common ground, and can be lit separately or together. Common wattages include 30–70–100, 50–100–150, and 100–200–300, with the first two numbers referring to the individual filaments, and the third giving the combined wattage. Most light bulbs have either clear","title":"Incandescent light bulb"},{"docid":"1683880","text":"travel through the high-density air near the Earth's surface. In contrast, the water droplets that make up clouds are of a comparable size to the wavelengths in visible light, and the scattering is described by Mie's model rather than that of Rayleigh. Here, all wavelengths of visible light are scattered approximately identically, and the clouds therefore appear to be white or grey. The Rayleigh–Gans approximation is an approximate solution to light scattering when the relative refractive index of the particle is close to unity, and its size is much smaller in comparison to the wavelength of light divided by |\"n\"","title":"Mie scattering"},{"docid":"6950686","text":"well as other visible wavelengths) and quite dark in the near-infrared. The pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 0.4 to 0.7 µm) for use in photosynthesis. The cell structure of the leaves, on the other hand, strongly reflects near-infrared light (from 0.7 to 1.1 µm). The more leaves a plant has, the more these wavelengths of light are affected, respectively. Since early instruments of Earth Observation, such as NASA's ERTS and NOAA's AVHRR, acquired data in visible and near-infrared, it was natural to exploit the strong differences in plant reflectance to determine their spatial distribution in","title":"Normalized difference vegetation index"},{"docid":"16597002","text":"was attributed to . The first laser was developed in 1980. This type of laser is likely to be tunable over a wide range of wavelengths (30 nm) in the visible spectrum. This is true even if the absorption phenomena occur on the side of shorter wavelengths and therefore limits the laser action at the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum from light emission. Solid state experiments with suggest that the gaseous state is more suitable for the development of this type of laser. The measured amplification was correct in the solid state. The liquid state seems like an ideal","title":"Xenon monochloride"},{"docid":"3923915","text":"some of the colors that are spectral colors are: Spectral color A spectral color is a color that is evoked in a normal human by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, also known as monochromatic light. Every wavelength of visible light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable. The spectrum is often divided into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary; the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors in English include: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.","title":"Spectral color"},{"docid":"13206595","text":"radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding area being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive sensors and in environmental remote sensing, the sensors used are tuned to specific wavelengths from far infrared through visible light frequencies to the far ultraviolet. The volumes of data that can be collected are very large and require dedicated computational support . The output of data analysis from remote sensing are false colour images which differentiate small differences in the radiation characteristics of the environment being monitored. With a skilful operator choosing specific channels","title":"Environmental monitoring"},{"docid":"519260","text":"used the word \"spectrum\" (\"Spektrum\") to designate a ghostly optical afterimage, as did Schopenhauer in \"On Vision and Colors\". Goethe argued that the continuous spectrum was a compound phenomenon. Where Newton narrowed the beam of light to isolate the phenomenon, Goethe observed that a wider aperture produces not a spectrum but rather reddish-yellow and blue-cyan edges with white between them. The spectrum appears only when these edges are close enough to overlap. In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel (infrared)","title":"Visible spectrum"},{"docid":"629708","text":"Dichroism In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), \"or\" one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts. The original meaning of \"dichroic\", from the Greek \"dikhroos\", two-coloured, refers to any optical device which can split a beam of light into two beams with differing wavelengths. Such devices include mirrors and filters, usually treated with optical coatings, which are designed to reflect light over a certain range of wavelengths, and transmit light which is","title":"Dichroism"},{"docid":"400327","text":"be used for both visible and UV light. The exact choice of detector depends on the wavelengths of light to be recorded. A spectrograph is sometimes called polychromator, as an analogy to monochromator. Optical spectrometer An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. The independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light or a unit directly proportional","title":"Optical spectrometer"},{"docid":"2682970","text":"Subtractive color A subtractive color model explains the mixing of a limited set of dyes, inks, paint pigments or natural colorants to create a wider range of colors, each the result of partially or completely subtracting (that is, absorbing) some wavelengths of light and not others. The color that a surface displays depends on which parts of the visible spectrum are not absorbed and therefore remain visible. Subtractive color systems start with light, presumably white light. Colored inks, paints, or filters between the watchers and the light source or reflective surface \"subtract\" wavelengths from the light, giving it color. If","title":"Subtractive color"},{"docid":"11236456","text":"of white light. Exposure to monochromatic light at the wavelengths of 460 nm and 550 nm on two control groups yielded results showing decreased sleepiness at 460 nm tested over two groups and a control group. Additionally, in the same study but testing thermoregulation and heart rate researchers found significantly increased heart rate in 460 nm light over the course of a 1.5 hour exposure period. In a study done on the effect of lighting intensity on delta waves, a measure of sleepiness, high levels of lighting (1700 lux) showed lower levels of delta waves measured through an EEG than","title":"Light effects on circadian rhythm"},{"docid":"6321557","text":"dispersive regions, and more accurately models a material's refractive index across the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum. Cauchy's equation Cauchy's equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who defined it in 1836. The most general form of Cauchy's equation is where \"n\" is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength, \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", etc., are coefficients that can be determined for a material by fitting the equation to measured refractive indices at known wavelengths. The coefficients are usually quoted for λ","title":"Cauchy's equation"},{"docid":"611585","text":"interstellar gas, pulsars, and active galactic nuclei. Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation, wavelengths longer than red light and outside the range of our vision. The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust. The longer wavelengths of infrared can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light, allowing the observation of young stars embedded in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies. Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have been particularly","title":"Astronomy"},{"docid":"18043649","text":"In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been translated into Dutch, French and Portuguese and is to be translated into several other languages. Much of the novel is set during the war in Afghanistan at the beginning of the","title":"In the Light of What We Know"},{"docid":"18043660","text":"shortlisted for the Goldsmiths Prize 2014 and nominated for the Folio Prize 2015. The author was shortlisted for New Writer of the Year award at the National Book Awards (UK) 2014. In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been","title":"In the Light of What We Know"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7213403\",\n \"text\": \"High-energy visible light In ophthalmology, high-energy visible light (HEV light) is high-frequency, high-energy light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum. Despite a lack of concurring scientific evidence, HEV light has sometimes been claimed to be a cause of age-related macular degeneration. Some sunglasses and beauty creams specifically block HEV, for added marketing value. Blue-light hazard is defined as the potential for a photochemically-induced retinal injury resulting from electromagnetic radiation exposure at wavelengths primarily between 400 and This study has not been done in humans, only inconclusively in some rodent, primate, and in vitro\",\n \"title\": \"High-energy visible light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"576147\",\n \"text\": \"ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the \\\"luminous flux\\\") to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are \\\"lumens per watt\\\" (lpw). The maximum LER possible\",\n \"title\": \"Incandescent light bulb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519262\",\n \"text\": \"insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light rather than how colorful they appear to humans. Birds, too, can see into the ultraviolet (300–400 nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage that are visible only in the ultraviolet range. Many animals that can see into the ultraviolet range, however, cannot see red light or any other reddish wavelengths. Bees' visible spectrum ends at about 590 nm, just before the orange wavelengths start. Birds, however, can see some red wavelengths, although not as far into the light spectrum as humans. The popular belief that the\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794124\",\n \"text\": \"single-beam instrument, the cuvette containing only a solvent has to be measured first. Mettler Toledo developed a single beam array spectrophotometer that allows fast and accurate measurements over the UV/VIS range. The light source consists of a Xenon flash lamp for the ultraviolet (UV) as well as for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared wavelength regions covering a spectral range from 190 up to 1100 nm. The lamp flashes are focused on a glass fiber which drives the beam of light onto a cuvette containing the sample solution. The beam passes through the sample and specific wavelengths are absorbed by the\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519257\",\n \"text\": \"mix of multiple wavelengths. Colors containing only one wavelength are also called pure colors or spectral colors. Visible wavelengths pass largely unattenuated through the Earth's atmosphere via the \\\"optical window\\\" region of the electromagnetic spectrum. An example of this phenomenon is when clean air scatters blue light more than red light, and so the midday sky appears blue. The optical window is also referred to as the \\\"visible window\\\" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum. The near infrared (NIR) window lies just out of the human vision, as well as the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) window, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794133\",\n \"text\": \"optimal wavelengths for all species involved in equilibria, a reaction can be run to equilibrium, and the concentration of species determined from spectroscopy at various known wavelengths. The equilibrium constant can be calculated as K(eq) = [Products] / [Reactants]. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, atoms and molecules undergo\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794120\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"reflectance\\\", and is usually expressed as a percentage (%R). The basic parts of a spectrophotometer are a light source, a holder for the sample, a diffraction grating in a monochromator or a prism to separate the different wavelengths of light, and a detector. The radiation source is often a Tungsten filament (300–2500 nm), a deuterium arc lamp, which is continuous over the ultraviolet region (190–400 nm), Xenon arc lamp, which is continuous from 160 to 2,000 nm; or more recently, light emitting diodes (LED) for the visible wavelengths. The detector is typically a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode, a photodiode array\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794125\",\n \"text\": \"sample components. The remaining light is collected after the cuvette by a glass fiber and driven into a spectrograph. The spectrograph consists of a diffraction grating that separates the light into the different wavelengths, and a CCD sensor to record the data, respectively. The whole spectrum is thus simultaneously measured, allowing for fast recording. Samples for UV/Vis spectrophotometry are most often liquids, although the absorbance of gases and even of solids can also be measured. Samples are typically placed in a transparent cell, known as a cuvette. Cuvettes are typically rectangular in shape, commonly with an internal width of 1\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238041\",\n \"text\": \"Light Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is the visible spectrum that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), or 4.00 × 10 to 7.00 × 10 m, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). This wavelength means a frequency range of roughly 430–750 terahertz (THz). The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. Sunlight provides the\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20411507\",\n \"text\": \"of a standardized approach to incorporating visible light images into the electronic medical record Increasingly, visible light imaging is being deployed beyond individual departments, as part of a trend referred to as Enterprise Imaging Including fiberoptic endoscopy and rigid scope endoscopy: Including: General anatomic photography, including: Visible light imaging Visible light imaging is an imaging modality that uses visible light. Even prior to specific support in DICOM for visible light imaging, the standard could already encapsulate color images, e.g., in JPEG format as Secondary Capture images . The need for standardized communication of digital visible light images from various specialties,\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light imaging\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20411506\",\n \"text\": \"Visible light imaging Visible light imaging is an imaging modality that uses visible light. Even prior to specific support in DICOM for visible light imaging, the standard could already encapsulate color images, e.g., in JPEG format as Secondary Capture images . The need for standardized communication of digital visible light images from various specialties, and the need for specialty-specific acquisition context metadata and an appropriate controlled terminology was recognized not long after the DICOM standard was introduced and the terminology of visible light imaging was introduced to the standard The United States Department of Veterans Affairs was an early adopter\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light imaging\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7213404\",\n \"text\": \"studies. The mechanisms for photochemically-induced retinal injury are caused by the absorption of light by photoreceptors in the eye. Under normal conditions when light hits a photoreceptor, the cell bleaches and becomes useless until it has recovered through a metabolic process called the visual cycle. Absorption of blue light, however, has been shown in rats and a susceptible strain of mice to cause a reversal of the process where cells become unbleached and responsive again to light before they are ready. At wavelengths of blue light below 430 nm this greatly increases the potential for oxidative damage. For blue-light circadian\",\n \"title\": \"High-energy visible light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794121\",\n \"text\": \"or a charge-coupled device (CCD). Single photodiode detectors and photomultiplier tubes are used with scanning monochromators, which filter the light so that only light of a single wavelength reaches the detector at one time. The scanning monochromator moves the diffraction grating to \\\"step-through\\\" each wavelength so that its intensity may be measured as a function of wavelength. Fixed monochromators are used with CCDs and photodiode arrays. As both of these devices consist of many detectors grouped into one or two dimensional arrays, they are able to collect light of different wavelengths on different pixels or groups of pixels simultaneously. A\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111198\",\n \"text\": \"it is very bright, and can even be seen in daylight. However, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn can also be seen without the aid of telescopes or binoculars. Constellations and stars are also often observed, and have been used in the past for navigation, especially by ships at sea. One of the most recognizable constellations is the Big Dipper, which is part of the constellation Ursa Major. Constellations also serve to help describe the location of other objects in the sky. Visible-light astronomy Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of observations via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519261\",\n \"text\": \"and Johann Wilhelm Ritter (ultraviolet), Thomas Young, Thomas Johann Seebeck, and others. Young was the first to measure the wavelengths of different colors of light, in 1802. The connection between the visible spectrum and color vision was explored by Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz in the early 19th century. Their theory of color vision correctly proposed that the eye uses three distinct receptors to perceive color. Many species can see light within frequencies outside the human \\\"visible spectrum\\\". Bees and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519264\",\n \"text\": \"used in thermoregulation and predator detection. (See Infrared sensing in snakes) Colors that can be produced by visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths (monochromatic light) are called pure spectral colors. The various color ranges indicated in the illustration are an approximation: The spectrum is continuous, with no clear boundaries between one color and the next. Color displays (e.g. computer monitors and televisions) cannot reproduce \\\"all\\\" colors discernible by a human eye. Colors outside the color gamut of the device, such as most spectral colors, can only be approximated. For color-accurate reproduction, a spectrum can be projected onto a\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238045\",\n \"text\": \"Generally, EM radiation (the designation \\\"radiation\\\" excludes static electric, magnetic, and near fields), or EMR, is classified by wavelength into radio waves, microwaves, infrared, the visible spectrum that we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. The behavior of EMR depends on its wavelength. Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and lower frequencies have longer wavelengths. When EMR interacts with single atoms and molecules, its behavior depends on the amount of energy per quantum it carries. EMR in the visible light region consists of quanta (called photons) that are at the lower end of the energies that are capable of\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794131\",\n \"text\": \"dithizonate is a yellow-orange color in diluted solution (1*10^-5 M), and turns blue when subjected with particular wavelengths of visible light (and UV) via a conformational change, but this reaction is reversible back into the yellow \\\"ground state\\\". The rate constant of a particular reaction can be determined by measuring the UV/Vis absorbance spectrum at specific time intervals. Using mercury dithizonate again as an example, one can shine light on the sample to turn the solution blue, then run a UV/Vis test every 10 seconds (variable) to see the levels of absorbed and reflected wavelengths change over time in accordance\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419374\",\n \"text\": \"Visible light communication Visible light communication (VLC) is a data communications variant which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz (780–375 nm). VLC is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s over short distances. Systems such as RONJA can transmit at full Ethernet speed (10 Mbit/s) over distances of . Specially designed electronic devices generally containing a photodiode receive signals from light sources, although in some cases a cell phone camera or a digital camera\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794127\",\n \"text\": \"to telescopes to measure the spectra of astronomical features. UV–visible microspectrophotometers consist of a UV–visible microscope integrated with a UV–visible spectrophotometer. A complete spectrum of the absorption at all wavelengths of interest can often be produced directly by a more sophisticated spectrophotometer. In simpler instruments the absorption is determined one wavelength at a time and then compiled into a spectrum by the operator. By removing the concentration dependence, the extinction coefficient (ε) can be determined as a function of wavelength. UV–visible spectroscopy of microscopic samples is done by integrating an optical microscope with UV–visible optics, white light sources, a monochromator,\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7213409\",\n \"text\": \"clinical dermatologic therapies. Constructors such as Philips currently develop devices and techniques emitting in the blue visible spectrum to be used in dermatologic therapy. High-energy visible light In ophthalmology, high-energy visible light (HEV light) is high-frequency, high-energy light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum. Despite a lack of concurring scientific evidence, HEV light has sometimes been claimed to be a cause of age-related macular degeneration. Some sunglasses and beauty creams specifically block HEV, for added marketing value. Blue-light hazard is defined as the potential for a photochemically-induced retinal injury resulting from electromagnetic radiation\",\n \"title\": \"High-energy visible light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111188\",\n \"text\": \"is commonly credited to Hans Lippershey, a German-Dutch spectacle-maker, although Galileo played a large role in the development and creation of telescopes. Visible-light astronomy continues to advance in the modern day, with projects such as the James Webb Telescope being projected for launch in the next few years. Since visible-light astronomy is restricted to only visible light, no equipment is necessary for simply star gazing. This means that it's the most commonly participated in type of astronomy, as well as the oldest. Before the advent of telescopes, astronomy was limited solely to unaided eyesight. Humans have been looking at stars\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419383\",\n \"text\": \"but cannot perceive the instantaneous color that varies rapidly in time. In other words, CSK transmission maintains a constant time-averaged luminous flux, even as its symbol sequence varies rapidly in chromaticity. Visible light communication Visible light communication (VLC) is a data communications variant which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz (780–375 nm). VLC is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s over short distances. Systems such as RONJA can transmit at full Ethernet speed\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111191\",\n \"text\": \"and as items of trade. He published his initial telescopic astronomical observations in March 1610 in a brief treatise entitled \\\"Sidereus Nuncius\\\" (\\\"Starry Messenger\\\"). In the modern day, visible-light astronomy is still practiced by many amateur astronomers, especially since telescopes are much more widely available for the public, as compared to when they were first being invented. Government agencies, such as NASA, are very involved in the modern day research and observation of visible objects and celestial bodies. In the modern day, the highest quality pictures and data are obtained via space telescopes; telescopes that are outside of the Earth's\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2239990\",\n \"text\": \"only certain portions of the visible spectrum. The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected back or transmitted for our physical observation. In the visible portion of the spectrum, this is what gives rise to color. Absorption centers are largely responsible for the appearance of specific wavelengths of visible light all around us. Moving from longer (0.7 micrometer) to shorter (0.4 micrometer) wavelengths: red, orange, yellow, green and blue (ROYGB) can all be identified by our senses in the appearance of color by the selective absorption of specific light wave frequencies (or wavelengths). Mechanisms of selective\",\n \"title\": \"Transparency and translucency\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419375\",\n \"text\": \"will be sufficient. The image sensor used in these devices is in fact an array of photodiodes (pixels) and in some applications its use may be preferred over a single photodiode. Such a sensor may provide either multi-channel (down to 1 pixel = 1 channel) or a spatial awareness of multiple light sources. VLC can be used as a communications medium for ubiquitous computing and IoT ecosystems because light-producing devices (such as indoor/outdoor lamps, TVs, traffic signs, commercial displays and car headlights/taillights) are used everywhere. Using visible light is also less dangerous for high-power applications because humans can perceive it\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238048\",\n \"text\": \"and shrimp) are able to detect ultraviolet, by quantum photon-absorption mechanisms, in much the same chemical way that humans detect visible light. Various sources define visible light as narrowly as 420–680 nm to as broadly as 380–800 nm. Under ideal laboratory conditions, people can see infrared up to at least 1050 nm; children and young adults may perceive ultraviolet wavelengths down to about 310–313 nm. Plant growth is also affected by the color spectrum of light, a process known as photomorphogenesis. The speed of light in a vacuum is defined to be exactly 299,792,458 m/s (approx. 186,282 miles per second).\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419376\",\n \"text\": \"and act to protect their eyes from damage. The history of visible light communications (VLC) dates back to the 1880s in Washington, D.C. when the Scottish-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell invented the photophone, which transmitted speech on modulated sunlight over several hundred meters. This pre-dates the transmission of speech by radio. More recent work began in 2003 at Nakagawa Laboratory, in Keio University, Japan, using LEDs to transmit data by visible light. Since then there have been numerous research activities focussed on VLC. In 2006, researchers from CICTR at Penn State proposed a combination of power line communication (PLC) and\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1979285\",\n \"text\": \"see is the complementary color, made up of the other visible wavelengths remaining. For example, beta-carotene has maximum absorption at 454 nm (blue light), consequently what visible light remains appears orange . Below is a rough table of wavelengths, colors and complementary colors. This utilizes the scientific CMY and RGB color wheels rather than the traditional RYB color wheel. This can only be used as a very rough guide, for instance if a narrow range of wavelengths within the band 647-700 is absorbed, then the blue and green receptors will be fully stimulated, making cyan, and the red receptor will\",\n \"title\": \"Color of chemicals\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111194\",\n \"text\": \"Earth. There are three main types of telescopes used in visible-light astronomy: Each type of telescope suffers from different types of aberration; refracting telescopes have chromatic aberration, which causes colors to be shown on edges separating light and dark parts of the image, where there should not be such colors. This is due to the lens being unable to focus all colors to the same convergence point. Reflecting telescopes suffer from several types of optical inaccuracies, such as off-axis aberrations near the edges of the field of view. Catadioptric telescopes vary in the types of optical inaccuracies present, as there\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238062\",\n \"text\": \"the same intensity (W/m) of visible light do not necessarily appear equally bright. The photometry units are designed to take this into account, and therefore are a better representation of how \\\"bright\\\" a light appears to be than raw intensity. They relate to raw power by a quantity called luminous efficacy, and are used for purposes like determining how to best achieve sufficient illumination for various tasks in indoor and outdoor settings. The illumination measured by a photocell sensor does not necessarily correspond to what is perceived by the human eye, and without filters which may be costly, photocells and\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"576146\",\n \"text\": \"1914, 88.5 million lamps were used, (only 15% with carbon filaments), and by 1945, annual sales of lamps were 795 million (more than 5 lamps per person per year). Of the power consumed by typical incandescent light bulbs, 95% or more is converted into heat rather than visible light. Other electrical light sources are more effective. Luminous \\\"efficacy\\\" of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the \\\"luminous flux\\\") to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the\",\n \"title\": \"Incandescent light bulb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15940202\",\n \"text\": \"that with increasing depth the amount of light available decreases quickly. The optical properties of water also lead to different wavelengths of light being absorbed to different degrees. For example, visible light of long wavelengths (e.g. red, orange) is absorbed in less water than light of shorter wavelengths (green, blue). Ultraviolet light (even shorter wavelength than violet) can penetrate deeper than visual spectra Besides these universal qualities of water, different bodies of water may absorb light of different wavelengths due to varying salt and/or chemical presence in the water. Fish eyes are broadly similar to those of other vertebrates –\",\n \"title\": \"Vision in fishes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16147675\",\n \"text\": \"Dental curing light A dental curing light is a piece of dental equipment that is used for polymerization of light cure resin based composites. It can be used on several different dental materials that are curable by light. The light used falls under the visible blue light spectrum. This light is delivered over a range of wavelengths and varies for each type of device. There are four basic types of dental curing light sources: tungsten halogen, light-emitting diodes (LED), plasma arcs, and lasers. The two most common are halogen and LEDs. In the early 1960s, the first light curing resin\",\n \"title\": \"Dental curing light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11140945\",\n \"text\": \"source is similar in character to that from a Planckian \\\"black body\\\" in spectral distribution, that is, the bulb, as the filament heats up, produces light from wavelengths throughout the visible spectrum. Alternative light sources use phosphors or combinations of mono-chromatic LEDs (red, blue, green) to produce \\\"white\\\" light, giving significantly irregular spectral distributions which can result in color casts in photography and differences of color matching when compared to incandescent light or daylight. Halogen lamps are a type of incandescent lamp with improved efficiency over regular incandescent lamps. Though not as energy efficient as other alternatives, they are up\",\n \"title\": \"Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"242589\",\n \"text\": \"practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits, such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices, replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays and were commonly seen in digital clocks. Recent\",\n \"title\": \"Light-emitting diode\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3881284\",\n \"text\": \"with the psychedelic aesthetic that emerged in the late 1960s. Infrared light lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared light has a range of wavelengths, just like visible light has wavelengths that range from red light to violet. \\\"Near infrared\\\" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and \\\"far infrared\\\" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic. Most manual focus 35 mm SLR and\",\n \"title\": \"Infrared photography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6111192\",\n \"text\": \"atmosphere. This allows for much clearer observations, as the Earth's atmosphere is not disrupting the image and viewing quality of the telescope, meaning objects can be observed in much greater detail, and much more distant or low-light objects may be observed. Additionally, this means that observations are able to be made at any time, rather than only during the night. The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope created by NASA, and was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990. It is still in operation today. The Hubble Space Telescope's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and\",\n \"title\": \"Visible-light astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17966122\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"showcasing the same image of New York City, viewed through the filters of various wavelengths of light: visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma ray, microwave, and even a radio image\\\". The episode maintained the previous week's 18-49 rating/share of 1.5/4, with 3.98 million American viewers watching on Fox. This episode explores the wave theory of light as studied by mankind, noting that light has played an important role in scientific progress, with such early experiments from over 2000 years ago involving the camera obscura by the Chinese philosopher Mozi. Tyson describes the work of the 11th century Arabic scientist Ibn al-Haytham,\",\n \"title\": \"Hiding in the Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794126\",\n \"text\": \"cm. (This width becomes the path length, formula_14, in the Beer–Lambert law.) Test tubes can also be used as cuvettes in some instruments. The type of sample container used must allow radiation to pass over the spectral region of interest. The most widely applicable cuvettes are made of high quality fused silica or quartz glass because these are transparent throughout the UV, visible and near infrared regions. Glass and plastic cuvettes are also common, although glass and most plastics absorb in the UV, which limits their usefulness to visible wavelengths. Specialized instruments have also been made. These include attaching spectrophotometers\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238047\",\n \"text\": \"of cellular water are raised in temperature by the infrared radiation. EMR in this range causes molecular vibration and heating effects, which is how these animals detect it. Above the range of visible light, ultraviolet light becomes invisible to humans, mostly because it is absorbed by the cornea below 360 nm and the internal lens below 400 nm. Furthermore, the rods and cones located in the retina of the human eye cannot detect the very short (below 360 nm) ultraviolet wavelengths and are in fact damaged by ultraviolet. Many animals with eyes that do not require lenses (such as insects\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3508510\",\n \"text\": \"formation method that involves a digital computer. Many of these methods operate at visible wavelengths, and many of those produce light fields. As a result, listing all applications of light fields would require surveying all uses of computational imaging in art, science, engineering, and medicine. In computer graphics, some selected applications are: Image generation and predistortion of synthetic imagery for holographic stereograms is one of the earliest examples of computed light fields, anticipating and later motivating the geometry used in Levoy and Hanrahan's work (Halle 1991, 1994). Modern approaches to light field display explore co-designs of optical elements and compressive\",\n \"title\": \"Light field\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18194497\",\n \"text\": \"light, λ, since experimentally variables involving thin films are typically measured over a spectrum of wavelengths. The \\\"n\\\" and \\\"k\\\" spectra of a thin film cannot be measured directly, but must be determined indirectly from measurable quantities that depend on them. Spectroscopic reflectance, \\\"R(λ\\\"), is one such measurable quantity. Another, is spectroscopic transmittance, \\\"T(λ)\\\", applicable when the substrate is transparent. Spectroscopic reflectance of a thin film on a substrate represents the ratio of the intensity of light reflected from the sample to the intensity of incident light, measured over a range of wavelengths, whereas spectroscopic transmittance, \\\"T(λ)\\\", represents the ratio\",\n \"title\": \"Refractive index and extinction coefficient of thin film materials\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5741421\",\n \"text\": \"Full-spectrum light Full-spectrum light is light that covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular, sunlight is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions. \\\"Full-spectrum\\\" is not a technical term when applied to an electrical light bulb. Rather, it implies that the product emulates some important quality of natural light. Products marketed as \\\"full-spectrum\\\" may produce light throughout the entire visible spectrum, but without producing an even spectral distribution. Some may not differ substantially\",\n \"title\": \"Full-spectrum light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"238060\",\n \"text\": \"by more energetic radiation, a process known as fluorescence. Some substances emit light slowly after excitation by more energetic radiation. This is known as phosphorescence. Phosphorescent materials can also be excited by bombarding them with subatomic particles. Cathodoluminescence is one example. This mechanism is used in cathode ray tube television sets and computer monitors. Certain other mechanisms can produce light: When the concept of light is intended to include very-high-energy photons (gamma rays), additional generation mechanisms include: Light is measured with two main alternative sets of units: radiometry consists of measurements of light power at all wavelengths, while photometry measures\",\n \"title\": \"Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5741422\",\n \"text\": \"from lights not marketed as \\\"full-spectrum\\\". Color temperature and Color Rendering Index (CRI) are the standards for measuring light. There is no technical definition of \\\"full-spectrum\\\" so it cannot be measured. To compare \\\"full-spectrum\\\" sources requires direct comparison of spectral distribution. The emission spectrum of a light source varies depending on the light generating mechanism. Thermal sources such as incandescent bulbs produce electromagnetic radiation over a broad and continuous range of wavelengths, including infrared and ultraviolet. A black body radiator is the idealized version of a thermal source. As the temperature of a black body radiator increases, the shape of\",\n \"title\": \"Full-spectrum light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19455837\",\n \"text\": \"paints to areas of paint loss to restore the \\\"visual unity\\\" of the painting. Conservators need to analyze the inner layers of paintings and their support to identify pigments and unstable layers. They use various tools for types of imaging to disguise materials and damages. Multispectral imaging is the capture of a single image viewed in different wavelengths. For imaging purposes of conservation, paintings are recorded in the wavelengths: ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared (IR). \\\"VIS- Visible Light\\\"- The photo image visible to the naked eye representing the actual colors of the painting. RAK-Raking Light- Lighting the painting from\",\n \"title\": \"Conservation and restoration of paintings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15351805\",\n \"text\": \"electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, whether visible or not. High-energy visible light is blue-violet light with a higher damaging potential. Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 0.7 and 300 micrometers, which equates to a frequency range between approximately 1 and 430 THz. IR wavelengths are longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of terahertz radiation microwaves. Bright sunlight provides an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter at sea level. Of this energy, 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible light, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation. Microwaves are\",\n \"title\": \"Non-ionizing radiation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3504405\",\n \"text\": \"gain parameters of the detector itself. The light sensing element in photon counting devices in NIR, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths is a photomultiplier to achieve sufficient sensitivity. In airborne and space-based remote sensing such photon counters are used at the upper reaches of the electromagnetic spectrum such as the X-ray to far ultraviolet. This is usually due to the lower radiant intensity of the objects being measured as well as the difficulty of measuring light at higher energies using its particle-like nature as compared to the wavelike nature of light at lower frequencies. Conversely, radiometers are typically used for remote\",\n \"title\": \"Photometer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"242534\",\n \"text\": \"information, many lighting professionals continue to disparage low-pressure sodium, contributing to its decreased acceptance and specification in lighting standards and therefore its use. Another disadvantage of low-pressure sodium lamps is that some people find the characteristic yellow light very displeasing aesthetically. Because of the increased sensitivity of the human eye to blue and green wavelengths when viewing low-luminances (the Purkinje effect) in the night sky, different sources produce dramatically different amounts of visible skyglow from the same amount of light sent into the atmosphere. In some cases, evaluation of existing plans has determined that more efficient lighting plans are possible.\",\n \"title\": \"Light pollution\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"346507\",\n \"text\": \"sophisticated methods of signal processing are also used in order to recover useful radar signals. The weak absorption of radio waves by the medium through which it passes is what enables radar sets to detect objects at relatively long ranges—ranges at which other electromagnetic wavelengths, such as visible light, infrared light, and ultraviolet light, are too strongly attenuated. Such weather phenomena as fog, clouds, rain, falling snow, and sleet that block visible light are usually transparent to radio waves. Certain radio frequencies that are absorbed or scattered by water vapour, raindrops, or atmospheric gases (especially oxygen) are avoided in designing\",\n \"title\": \"Radar\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4251244\",\n \"text\": \"are K0III and G1III, although older values are still widely quoted such as G5IIIe + G0III from the Bright Star Catalogue or G8III + G0III by Eggen. Where the context is clear, these two components have been referred to as A and B. The individual apparent magnitudes of the two component stars cannot be directly measured, but their relative brightness has been measured at various wavelengths. They have very nearly equal brightness in the visible light spectrum, with the hotter secondary component generally being found to be a few tenths of a magnitude brighter. A 2016 measurement gives the magnitude\",\n \"title\": \"Capella\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17843751\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Woodrow Wilson (1936) announced the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation. This radiation is a relic of the light that filled the early cosmos almost 14 billion years ago, that can still be observed today across the sky at much longer wavelengths than visible light, in the domain of microwaves. Finding the CMB represented a triumph for the \\\"Big Bang\\\" description of the Universe. Penzias and Wilson won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978 for their discovery. The detection of the CMB triggered a series of increasingly accurate experiments and detailed theoretical calculations over the past fifty\",\n \"title\": \"International Year of Light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9017139\",\n \"text\": \"they can lead to production of singlet oxygen. The molecular mechanism(s) of photoinhibition are constantly under discussion. The newest candidate is the manganese mechanism suggested 2005 by the group of Esa Tyystjärvi. A similar mechanism was suggested by the group of Norio Murata, also in 2005. Photoinhibition occurs in all organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, from vascular plants to cyanobacteria. In both plants and cyanobacteria, blue light causes photoinhibition more efficiently than other wavelengths of visible light, and all wavelengths of ultraviolet light are more efficient than wavelengths of visible light. Photoinhibition is a series of reactions that inhibit different\",\n \"title\": \"Photoinhibition\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"242657\",\n \"text\": \"quantum dot layer and recombine forming an exciton that excites a QD. This scheme is commonly studied for quantum dot display. The tunability of emission wavelengths and narrow bandwidth is also beneficial as excitation sources for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) utilizing an integrated QD-LED has been demonstrated. In February 2008, a luminous efficacy of 300 lumens of visible light per watt of radiation (not per electrical watt) and warm-light emission was achieved by using nanocrystals. The main types of LEDs are miniature, high-power devices, and custom designs such as alphanumeric or multicolor. These are mostly single-die\",\n \"title\": \"Light-emitting diode\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19374173\",\n \"text\": \"nine hours of sleep. Just one night of irregular sleep can drastically cause an imbalance in our bodies. Because blue light is the color of the sky, this may be the reason it is extremely sensitive to our eyes. Blue light has been found to delay sleepiness and can affect our circadian rhythm. Wearing yellow tinted sunglasses at night to avoid the blue wavelengths can ensure that you will become naturally tired and may help induce sleep quicker. A research study measured the effect of iPads at full brightness. It was found that after one hour of use, there was\",\n \"title\": \"Effects of blue light technology\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419381\",\n \"text\": \"used in places such as hospitals, eldercare homes, warehouses, and large, open offices to locate people and control indoor robotic vehicles. There is wireless network that for data transmission uses visible light, and does not use intensity modulation of optical sources. The idea is to use vibration generator instead of optical sources for data transmission. Color shift keying (CSK), outlined in IEEE 802.15.7, is an intensity modulation based modulation scheme for VLC. CSK is intensity-based, as the modulated signal takes on an instantaneous color equal to the physical sum of three (red/green/blue) LED instantaneous intensities. This modulated signal jumps instantaneously,\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3220264\",\n \"text\": \"emits up to 10,000 lux of light at a specified distance, much brighter than a customary lamp, or a lower intensity of specific wavelengths of light from the blue (460 nm) to the green (525 nm) areas of the visible spectrum. A 1995 study showed that green light therapy at doses of 350 lux produces melatonin suppression and phase shifts equivalent to 10,000 lux white light therapy, but another study published in May 2010 suggests that the blue light often used for SAD treatment should perhaps be replaced by green or white illumination, because of a possible involvement of the\",\n \"title\": \"Light therapy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5419380\",\n \"text\": \"in a hypermarket in Lille, France. In June 2015, two Chinese companies, Kuang-Chi and Ping An Bank, partnered to introduce a payment card that communicates information through a unique visible light. In March 2017, Philips set up the first VLC location-based services to shoppers' smartphones in Germany. The installation was presented at EuroShop in Düsseldorf (March 5 – 9 th). As first supermarket in Germany an Edeka supermarket in Düsseldorf-Bilk is using the system, which offers a 30 centimeter positioning accuracy can be achieved, which meets the special demands in food retail. Indoor positioning systems based on VLC can be\",\n \"title\": \"Visible light communication\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3305699\",\n \"text\": \"only allow a narrow range of wavelengths (essentially a single colour) to pass. The term \\\"infrared filter\\\" can be ambiguous, as it may be applied to filters to pass infrared (blocking other wavelengths) or to block infrared (only). Infrared-passing filters are used to block visible light but pass infrared; they are used, for example, in infrared photography. Infrared cut-off filters are designed to block or reflect infrared wavelengths but pass visible light. Mid-infrared filters are often used as heat-absorbing filters in devices with bright incandescent light bulbs (such as slide and overhead projectors) to prevent unwanted heating due to infrared\",\n \"title\": \"Optical filter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16147677\",\n \"text\": \"the quartz-halogen bulb; this device had longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum and allowed for greater penetration of the curing light and light energy for resin composites. The halogen curing light replaced the UV curing light. The 1990s presented great improvements in light curing devices. As dental restorative materials advanced, so too did the technology used to cure these materials; the focus was to improve the intensity in order to be able to cure faster and deeper. In 1998 the plasma arc curing light was introduced. It uses a high intensity light source, a fluorescent bulb containing plasma, in\",\n \"title\": \"Dental curing light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16147676\",\n \"text\": \"composites were developed. This led to the development of the first curing light, called Nuva Light, which was developed by Dentsply/Caulk in the 1970s. Nuva Light used ultraviolet light to cure resin composites. It was discontinued due to this requirement, as well as the fact that the shorter wavelengths of UV light did not penetrate deeply enough into the resin to adequately cure it. During the early 1980s, advances in the area of visible light curing took place, which ultimately led to the creation of a curing device that uses blue light. The next type of curing light developed was\",\n \"title\": \"Dental curing light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"576149\",\n \"text\": \"sources are radiant efficiencies and efficacies. A similar chart in the article on luminous efficacy compares a broader array of light sources to one another. The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye. Most of the radiation is not in the range of wavelengths to which the eye is sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below . Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: \\\"An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around . Even\",\n \"title\": \"Incandescent light bulb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2677651\",\n \"text\": \"emits IR light as thermal radiation, especially at wavelengths beyond about 5 μm. Another complication is that quite a few materials such as glass and plastic absorb infrared light, making it incompatible as an optical medium. Ideal optical materials are salts, which do not absorb strongly. Samples for IR spectrophotometry may be smeared between two discs of potassium bromide or ground with potassium bromide and pressed into a pellet. Where aqueous solutions are to be measured, insoluble silver chloride is used to construct the cell. Spectroradiometers, which operate almost like the visible region spectrophotometers, are designed to measure the spectral\",\n \"title\": \"Spectrophotometry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"275721\",\n \"text\": \"part of their optical designs, usually to correct optical aberrations. The reflectivity of the mirror coating can be measured using a reflectometer and for a particular metal it will be different for different wavelengths of light. This is exploited in some optical work to make cold mirrors and hot mirrors. A cold mirror is made by using a transparent substrate and choosing a coating material that is more reflective to visible light and more transmissive to infrared light. A hot mirror is the opposite, the coating preferentially reflects infrared. Mirror surfaces are sometimes given thin film overcoatings both to retard\",\n \"title\": \"Mirror\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7763258\",\n \"text\": \"Silicon (from which DSLR sensors are made) can respond to wavelengths between 1100-190 nm. Photography based on visible fluorescence induced by UV radiation uses the same ultraviolet illumination as in reflected UV photography. However, the glass barrier filter used on the lens must now absorb or block all ultraviolet and infrared light and must permit only the \\\"visible\\\" radiation to pass. Visible fluorescence is produced in a suitable subject when the shorter, higher energy ultraviolet wavelengths are absorbed, lose some energy and are emitted as longer, lower energy visible wavelengths. UV induced visible fluorescence photography must take place in a\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet photography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"794113\",\n \"text\": \"the rate of change in absorbance with wavelength is smallest. Measurements are usually made at a peak to minimize errors produced by errors in wavelength in the instrument, that is errors due to having a different extinction coefficient than assumed. Another important factor is the \\\"purity\\\" of the light used. The most important factor affecting this is the \\\"stray light\\\" level of the monochromator. The detector used is broadband; it responds to all the light that reaches it. If a significant amount of the light passed through the sample contains wavelengths that have much lower extinction coefficients than the nominal\",\n \"title\": \"Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2678126\",\n \"text\": \"of magnitude (detections have been demonstrated all the way down to 5 × 10). The theoretical best accuracy for most commercially available non-laser-based instruments is attained in the range near 1 AU. The path length or concentration should then, when possible, be adjusted to achieve readings near this range. Typically, absorbance of a dissolved substance is measured using absorption spectroscopy. This involves shining a light through a solution and recording how much light and what wavelengths were transmitted onto a detector. Using this information, the wavelengths that were absorbed can be determined. First, measurements on a \\\"blank\\\" are taken using\",\n \"title\": \"Absorbance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1691292\",\n \"text\": \"a very narrow field (tens of arcsec), and current systems operating on several 8-10m telescopes work mainly in near-infrared wavelengths for single-object observations. Developments of adaptive optics include systems with multiple lasers over a wider corrected field, and/or working above kiloHertz rates for good correction at visible wavelengths; these are currently in progress but not yet in routine operation as of 2015. The twentieth century saw the construction of telescopes which could produce images using wavelengths other than visible light starting in 1931 when Karl Jansky discovered astronomical objects gave off radio emissions; this prompted a new era of observational\",\n \"title\": \"History of the telescope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2775200\",\n \"text\": \"Filter fluorometer A filter fluorometer is a type of fluorometer that may be employed in fluorescence spectroscopy. In the fluorometer, a light source emits light of an excitation wavelength that is relevant to the compound to be measured. Filter fluorometers produce specific excitation and emission wavelengths by using optical filters. The filter blocks other wavelengths but transmits wavelengths relevant to the compound. The light passes through the sample to be measured, and a certain wavelength is absorbed while a longer wavelength is emitted. The emitted light is measured by a detector. By changing the optical filter, different substances can be\",\n \"title\": \"Filter fluorometer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"146367\",\n \"text\": \"by the tube. In physics, the speed of light in a vacuum is assumed to be a constant. However, hypotheses exist that the speed of light is variable. The speed of light is a dimensional quantity and so cannot be measured. Measurable quantities in physics are, without exception, dimensionless, although they are often constructed as ratios of dimensional quantities. For example, when the height of a mountain is measured, what is really measured is the ratio of its height to the length of a meter stick. The conventional SI system of units is based on seven basic dimensional quantities, namely\",\n \"title\": \"Faster-than-light\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"73359\",\n \"text\": \"Subtractive coloring uses dyes, inks, pigments, or filters to absorb some wavelengths of light and not others. The color that a surface displays comes from the parts of the visible spectrum that are not absorbed and therefore remain visible. Without pigments or dye, fabric fibers, paint base and paper are usually made of particles that scatter white light (all colors) well in all directions. When a pigment or ink is added, wavelengths are absorbed or \\\"subtracted\\\" from white light, so light of another color reaches the eye. If the light is not a pure white source (the case of nearly\",\n \"title\": \"Color\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14780002\",\n \"text\": \"the light from a discharge lamp), both of which are advantageous for interferometry. The shortcomings of the krypton standard were demonstrated by the measurement of the wavelength of the light from a methane-stabilized helium–neon laser (\\\"λ\\\" ≈ 3.39 µm). The krypton line was found to be asymmetrical, so different wavelengths could be found for the laser light depending on which point on the krypton line was taken for reference. The asymmetry also affected the precision to which the wavelengths could be measured. Developments in electronics also made it possible for the first time to measure the frequency of light in\",\n \"title\": \"History of the metre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519263\",\n \"text\": \"common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light is incorrect, because goldfish cannot see infrared light. Similarly, dogs are often thought to be color blind but they have been shown to be sensitive to colors, though not as many as humans. Some snakes can \\\"see\\\" radiant heat at wavelengths between 5 and 30 μm to a degree of accuracy such that a blind rattlesnake can target vulnerable body parts of the prey at which it strikes, and other snakes with the organ may detect warm bodies from a meter away. It may also be\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4415401\",\n \"text\": \"absorbance of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (instead of being reflected or refracted). This may be related to other properties of the object through the Beer–Lambert law. Precise measurements of the absorbance at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via absorption spectroscopy, where a sample is illuminated from one side, and the intensity of the light that exits from the sample in every direction is measured. A few examples of absorption are ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Understanding and measuring the absorption of electromagnetic radiation has a\",\n \"title\": \"Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4415403\",\n \"text\": \"allows for material identification. In optics, sunglasses, colored filters, dyes, and other such materials are designed specifically with respect to which visible wavelengths they absorb, and in what proportions. In biology, photosynthetic organisms require that light of the appropriate wavelengths be absorbed within the active area of chloroplasts, so that the light energy can be converted into chemical energy within sugars and other molecules. In physics, the D-region of Earth's ionosphere is known to significantly absorb radio signals that fall within the high-frequency electromagnetic spectrum. In nuclear physics, absorption of nuclear radiations can be used for measuring the fluid levels,\",\n \"title\": \"Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11014810\",\n \"text\": \"solution, the concentrations of each can be calculated using a light absorption analysis. First, the mass attenuation coefficients of each individual solute or solvent, ideally across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, must be measured or looked up. Second, the attenuation coefficient of the actual solution must be measured. Finally, using the formula the spectrum can be fitted using \\\"ρ\\\", \\\"ρ\\\", … as adjustable parameters, since \\\"μ\\\" and each are functions of wavelength. If there are \\\"N\\\" solutes or solvents, this procedure requires \\\"at least\\\" \\\"N\\\" measured wavelengths to create a solvable system of simultaneous equations, although using more wavelengths gives\",\n \"title\": \"Mass attenuation coefficient\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9017145\",\n \"text\": \"follows simple first-order kinetics if measured from a lincomycin-treated leaf, cyanobacterial or algal cells, or isolated thylakoid membranes in which concurrent repair does not disturb the kinetics. Data from the group of W. S. Chow indicate that in leaves of pepper (\\\"Capsicum annuum\\\"), the first-order pattern is replaced by a pseudo-equilibrium even if the repair reaction is blocked. The deviation has been explained by assuming that photoinhibited PSII centers protect the remaining active ones. Both visible and ultraviolet light cause photoinhibition, ultraviolet wavelengths being much more damaging. Some researchers consider ultraviolet and visible light induced photoinhibition as a two different\",\n \"title\": \"Photoinhibition\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"513378\",\n \"text\": \"radiation reaches the sea-surface, the shortwave radiation is attenuated by the water, and the intensity of light decreases exponentially with water depth. The intensity of light at depth can be calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law. In clear open waters, visible light is absorbed at the longest wavelengths first. Thus, red, orange, and yellow wavelengths are absorbed at higher water depths, and blue and violet wavelengths reach the deepest in the water column. Because the blue and violet wavelengths are absorbed last compared to the other wavelengths, open ocean waters appear deep-blue to the eye. In near-shore (coastal) waters, sea water\",\n \"title\": \"Attenuation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"576162\",\n \"text\": \"depend on the filament type, shape, size, and amount of current drawn. The heated filament emits light that approximates a continuous spectrum. The useful part of the emitted energy is visible light, but most energy is given off as heat in the near-infrared wavelengths. Three-way light bulbs have two filaments and three conducting contacts in their bases. The filaments share a common ground, and can be lit separately or together. Common wattages include 30–70–100, 50–100–150, and 100–200–300, with the first two numbers referring to the individual filaments, and the third giving the combined wattage. Most light bulbs have either clear\",\n \"title\": \"Incandescent light bulb\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1683880\",\n \"text\": \"travel through the high-density air near the Earth's surface. In contrast, the water droplets that make up clouds are of a comparable size to the wavelengths in visible light, and the scattering is described by Mie's model rather than that of Rayleigh. Here, all wavelengths of visible light are scattered approximately identically, and the clouds therefore appear to be white or grey. The Rayleigh–Gans approximation is an approximate solution to light scattering when the relative refractive index of the particle is close to unity, and its size is much smaller in comparison to the wavelength of light divided by |\\\"n\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Mie scattering\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6950686\",\n \"text\": \"well as other visible wavelengths) and quite dark in the near-infrared. The pigment in plant leaves, chlorophyll, strongly absorbs visible light (from 0.4 to 0.7 µm) for use in photosynthesis. The cell structure of the leaves, on the other hand, strongly reflects near-infrared light (from 0.7 to 1.1 µm). The more leaves a plant has, the more these wavelengths of light are affected, respectively. Since early instruments of Earth Observation, such as NASA's ERTS and NOAA's AVHRR, acquired data in visible and near-infrared, it was natural to exploit the strong differences in plant reflectance to determine their spatial distribution in\",\n \"title\": \"Normalized difference vegetation index\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16597002\",\n \"text\": \"was attributed to . The first laser was developed in 1980. This type of laser is likely to be tunable over a wide range of wavelengths (30 nm) in the visible spectrum. This is true even if the absorption phenomena occur on the side of shorter wavelengths and therefore limits the laser action at the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum from light emission. Solid state experiments with suggest that the gaseous state is more suitable for the development of this type of laser. The measured amplification was correct in the solid state. The liquid state seems like an ideal\",\n \"title\": \"Xenon monochloride\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3923915\",\n \"text\": \"some of the colors that are spectral colors are: Spectral color A spectral color is a color that is evoked in a normal human by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths, also known as monochromatic light. Every wavelength of visible light is perceived as a spectral color, in a continuous spectrum; the colors of sufficiently close wavelengths are indistinguishable. The spectrum is often divided into named colors, though any division is somewhat arbitrary; the spectrum is continuous. Traditional colors in English include: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.\",\n \"title\": \"Spectral color\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13206595\",\n \"text\": \"radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding area being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive sensors and in environmental remote sensing, the sensors used are tuned to specific wavelengths from far infrared through visible light frequencies to the far ultraviolet. The volumes of data that can be collected are very large and require dedicated computational support . The output of data analysis from remote sensing are false colour images which differentiate small differences in the radiation characteristics of the environment being monitored. With a skilful operator choosing specific channels\",\n \"title\": \"Environmental monitoring\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"519260\",\n \"text\": \"used the word \\\"spectrum\\\" (\\\"Spektrum\\\") to designate a ghostly optical afterimage, as did Schopenhauer in \\\"On Vision and Colors\\\". Goethe argued that the continuous spectrum was a compound phenomenon. Where Newton narrowed the beam of light to isolate the phenomenon, Goethe observed that a wider aperture produces not a spectrum but rather reddish-yellow and blue-cyan edges with white between them. The spectrum appears only when these edges are close enough to overlap. In the early 19th century, the concept of the visible spectrum became more definite, as light outside the visible range was discovered and characterized by William Herschel (infrared)\",\n \"title\": \"Visible spectrum\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"629708\",\n \"text\": \"Dichroism In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), \\\"or\\\" one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts. The original meaning of \\\"dichroic\\\", from the Greek \\\"dikhroos\\\", two-coloured, refers to any optical device which can split a beam of light into two beams with differing wavelengths. Such devices include mirrors and filters, usually treated with optical coatings, which are designed to reflect light over a certain range of wavelengths, and transmit light which is\",\n \"title\": \"Dichroism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"400327\",\n \"text\": \"be used for both visible and UV light. The exact choice of detector depends on the wavelengths of light to be recorded. A spectrograph is sometimes called polychromator, as an analogy to monochromator. Optical spectrometer An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. The variable measured is most often the light's intensity but could also, for instance, be the polarization state. The independent variable is usually the wavelength of the light or a unit directly proportional\",\n \"title\": \"Optical spectrometer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2682970\",\n \"text\": \"Subtractive color A subtractive color model explains the mixing of a limited set of dyes, inks, paint pigments or natural colorants to create a wider range of colors, each the result of partially or completely subtracting (that is, absorbing) some wavelengths of light and not others. The color that a surface displays depends on which parts of the visible spectrum are not absorbed and therefore remain visible. Subtractive color systems start with light, presumably white light. Colored inks, paints, or filters between the watchers and the light source or reflective surface \\\"subtract\\\" wavelengths from the light, giving it color. If\",\n \"title\": \"Subtractive color\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11236456\",\n \"text\": \"of white light. Exposure to monochromatic light at the wavelengths of 460 nm and 550 nm on two control groups yielded results showing decreased sleepiness at 460 nm tested over two groups and a control group. Additionally, in the same study but testing thermoregulation and heart rate researchers found significantly increased heart rate in 460 nm light over the course of a 1.5 hour exposure period. In a study done on the effect of lighting intensity on delta waves, a measure of sleepiness, high levels of lighting (1700 lux) showed lower levels of delta waves measured through an EEG than\",\n \"title\": \"Light effects on circadian rhythm\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6321557\",\n \"text\": \"dispersive regions, and more accurately models a material's refractive index across the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum. Cauchy's equation Cauchy's equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who defined it in 1836. The most general form of Cauchy's equation is where \\\"n\\\" is the refractive index, λ is the wavelength, \\\"B\\\", \\\"C\\\", \\\"D\\\", etc., are coefficients that can be determined for a material by fitting the equation to measured refractive indices at known wavelengths. The coefficients are usually quoted for λ\",\n \"title\": \"Cauchy's equation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"611585\",\n \"text\": \"interstellar gas, pulsars, and active galactic nuclei. Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation, wavelengths longer than red light and outside the range of our vision. The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust. The longer wavelengths of infrared can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light, allowing the observation of young stars embedded in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies. Observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have been particularly\",\n \"title\": \"Astronomy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18043649\",\n \"text\": \"In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been translated into Dutch, French and Portuguese and is to be translated into several other languages. Much of the novel is set during the war in Afghanistan at the beginning of the\",\n \"title\": \"In the Light of What We Know\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18043660\",\n \"text\": \"shortlisted for the Goldsmiths Prize 2014 and nominated for the Folio Prize 2015. The author was shortlisted for New Writer of the Year award at the National Book Awards (UK) 2014. In the Light of What We Know In the Light of What We Know is the debut novel of Zia Haider Rahman. First published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, the novel was released in the spring of 2014 to international critical acclaim and earned its author the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, Britain's oldest literary prize. and the inaugural International Ranald McDonald prize 2016. The novel has already been\",\n \"title\": \"In the Light of What We Know\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":281,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"282"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Which planet did the spacecraft Magellan enable scientists to research extensively?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"8124770","text":"was just coming to a close. The Magellan Project Science room became notorious for its hanging of long thermal print strips of image data (FBIDRs) along the walls of a spacious room. This was the first form in which the imagery of the surface of Venus was seen due to the long, narrow swathes acquired by the spacecraft. Significant guests during the mission's operation included Margaret Thatcher. After the initial investigation stage Magellan's full data set was released for public consumption. Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe","title":"Magellan scientists"},{"docid":"1882128","text":"method has since been used extensively on later interplanetary missions. The sixth and final orbiting cycle was another extension to the two previous gravimetric studies. Toward the end of the cycle, a final experiment was conducted, known as the \"Windmill\" experiment to provide data on the composition of the upper atmosphere of Venus. \"Magellan\" performed 1,783 orbits before the end of the cycle on October 13, 1994, when the spacecraft entered the atmosphere and disintegrated. In September 1994, the orbit of \"Magellan\" was lowered to begin the \"Windmill experiment\". During the experiment, the spacecraft was oriented with the solar arrays","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882111","text":"to place it into orbit around Venus. Prior to \"Magellan\", all spacecraft SRM firings had involved spinning spacecraft, which made control of the SRM a much easier task. In a typical spin mode, any unwanted forces related to SRM or nozzle mis-alignments are cancelled out. In the case of \"Magellan\", the spacecraft design did not lend itself to spinning, so the resulting propulsion system design had to accommodate the challenging control issues with the large Star 48B SRM. The Star 48B, containing 2,014 kg of solid propellant, developed a thrust of ~89,000 Newton (20,000 lbf) shortly after firing; therefore, even","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882127","text":"planet, before the end of the cycle on August 29, 1994. Aerobraking had long been sought as a method for slowing the orbit of interplanetary spacecraft. Previous suggestions included the need for aeroshells that proved too complicated and expensive for most missions. Testing a new approach to the method, a plan was devised to drop the orbit of \"Magellan\" into the outermost region of the Venusian atmosphere. Slight friction on the spacecraft slowed the velocity over a period, slightly longer than two months, bringing the spacecraft into an approximately circular orbit from 180-kilometers at periapsis to 540-kilometers at apoapsis. The","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882122","text":"This maneuver required extensive use of the reaction wheels to rotate the spacecraft as it imaged the surface for 37-minutes and as it pointed toward Earth for two hours. The primary mission intended for the spacecraft to return images of at least 70 percent of the surface during one Venusian day, which lasts 243 Earth days as the planet slowly spins. To avoid overly-redundant data at the highest and lowest latitudes, the \"Magellan\" probe alternated between a \"Northern-swath\", a region designated as 90 degrees north latitude to 54 degrees south latitude, and a \"Southern-swath\", designated as 76 degrees north latitude","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882107","text":"Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \"Magellan\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. \"Magellan\" was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882136","text":"should land on Venus by 1:00 PM PDT Thursday, October 13, 1994. Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \"Magellan\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit.","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882121","text":"launches, the decision was made to launch \"Magellan\" in May, and into an orbit that would require one year, three months, before encountering Venus. On August 10, 1990, \"Magellan\" encountered Venus and began the orbital insertion maneuver which placed the spacecraft into a three-hour, nine minute, elliptical orbit that brought the spacecraft 295-kilometers from the surface at about 10 degrees North during the periapsis and out to 7762-kilometers during apoapsis. During each orbit, the space probe captured radar data while the spacecraft was closest to the surface, and then transmit it back to Earth as it moved away from Venus.","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882132","text":"atmosphere. At this altitude the spacecraft encountered sufficient ram pressure to raise temperatures on the solar arrays to 126 degrees Celsius. On October 13, 1994 at 10:05:00 UTC, communication was lost when the spacecraft entered radio occultation behind Venus. The team continued to listen for another signal from the spacecraft until 18:00:00 UTC, when the mission was determined to have concluded. Although much of \"Magellan\" was expected to vaporize due to atmospheric stresses, some amount of wreckage is thought have hit the surface by 20:00:00 UTC. Quoted from Status Report - October 13, 1994 Communication with the \"Magellan\" spacecraft was","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882129","text":"broadly, perpendicular to the orbital path, where they could act as paddles as they impacted molecules of the upper-Venusian atmosphere. Countering this force, the thrusters fired to keep the spacecraft from spinning. This provided data on the basic oxygen gas-surface interaction. This was useful for understanding the impact of upper-atmospheric forces which aided in designing future Earth-orbiting satellites, and methods for aerobraking during future planetary spacecraft missions. \"Magellan\" created the first (and currently the best) near-photographic quality, high resolution radar mapping of the planet's surface features. Prior Venus missions had created low resolution radar globes of general, continent-sized formations. \"Magellan\",","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882119","text":"its attached Inertial Upper Stage booster were deployed from \"Atlantis\" and launched on May 5, 1989 01:06:00 UTC, sending the spacecraft into a Type IV heliocentric orbit where it would circle the Sun 1.5 times, before reaching Venus 15 months later on August 10, 1990. Originally, the \"Magellan\" had been scheduled for launch in 1988 with a trajectory lasting six months. However, due to the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" disaster in 1986, several missions, including \"Galileo\" and \"Magellan\", were deferred until shuttle flights resumed in September 1988. \"Magellan\" was planned to be launched with a liquid-fueled, Centaur-G upper-stage booster, carried in","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882116","text":"tapes were played back. Thick and opaque, the atmosphere of Venus required a method beyond optical survey, to map the surface of the planet. The resolution of conventional radar depends entirely on the size of the antenna, which is greatly restricted by costs, physical constraints by launch vehicles and the complexity of maneuvering a large apparatus to provide high resolution data. \"Magellan\" addressed this problem by using a method known as synthetic aperture, where a large antenna is imitated by processing the information gathered by ground computers. The \"Magellan\" high-gain parabolic antenna, oriented 28°–78° to the right or left of","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882125","text":"renderings of the surface. Approximately 21.3% of the surface was imaged in stereo by the end of the cycle on September 13, 1992, increasing the overall coverage of the surface to 98%. Upon completing cycle 3, \"Magellan\" ceased imaging the surface. Instead, beginning mid-September 1992, the \"Magellan\" maintained pointing of the high-gain antenna toward Earth where the Deep Space Network began recording a constant stream of telemetry. This constant signal allowed the DSN to collect information on the gravitational field of Venus by monitoring the velocity of the spacecraft. Areas of higher gravitation would slightly increase the velocity of the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"11731326","text":"a rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude (). The large variation suggests an elongated shape. This minor planet was named after Portuguese navigator and explorer Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães; c. 1480–1521), who led and died on the first circumnavigation of the Earth during 1519–1522. The minor planet is also named after the modern \"Magellan\" spacecraft, which was launched by NASA in 1989 and went on to map the surface of Venus. The Portuguese navigator is also honored by the craters Magelhaens on Mars and \"Magelhaens\" on the Moon. The official naming citation was published","title":"4055 Magellan"},{"docid":"1882117","text":"nadir, emitted thousands of microwave pulses that passed through the clouds and to the surface of Venus, illuminating a swath of land. The Radar System then recorded the brightness of each pulse as it reflected back off the side surfaces of rocks, cliffs, volcanoes and other geologic features, as a form of backscatter. To increase the imaging resolution, \"Magellan\" recorded a series of data bursts for a particular location during multiple instances called, \"looks\". Each \"look\" slightly overlapped the previous, returning slightly different information for the same location, as the spacecraft moved in orbit. After transmitting the data back to","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882123","text":"to 68 degrees south latitude. However, due to periapsis being 10 degrees north of the equatorial line, imaging the South Pole region was unlikely. The primary mission began on September 15, 1990, with the intention to provide a \"left-looking\" map of 70% of the Venusian surface at a minimum resolution of 1-kilometer/pixel. During cycle 1, the altitude of the spacecraft varied from 2000-kilometers at the north pole, to 290-kilometers near periapsis. Upon completion during May 15, 1991, having made 1,792 orbits, \"Magellan\" had mapped approximately 83.7% of the surface with a resolution between 101 and 250-meters/pixel. Beginning immediately after the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882118","text":"Earth, Doppler modeling was used to take the overlapping \"looks\" and combine them into a continuous, high resolution image of the surface. In addition to the radar data, Magellan collected several other types of scientific measurements. These included detailed measurements of the Venus gravitational field, measurements of the atmospheric density, and radio occultation data on the atmospheric profile. \"Magellan\" was launched on May 4, 1989, at 18:46:59 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from KSC Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, aboard Space Shuttle \"Atlantis\" during mission STS-30. Once in orbit, the \"Magellan\" and","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882130","text":"however, finally allowed detailed imaging and analysis of craters, hills, ridges, and other geologic formations, to a degree comparable to the visible-light photographic mapping of other planets. \"Magellan\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s global radar map currently remains as the most detailed Venus map in existence, although the planned Russian Venera-D may carry a radar that can achieve the same, if not better resolution as the radar used by \"Magellan\". On September 9, 1994, a press release outlined the termination of the \"Magellan\" mission. Due to the degradation of the power output from the solar arrays and onboard components, and having completed all objectives successfully,","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882108","text":"an eleven-year gap in U.S. interplanetary probe launches. Beginning in the late 1970s, scientists pushed for a radar mapping mission to Venus. They first sought to construct a spacecraft named the \"Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar\" (VOIR), but it became clear that the mission would be beyond the budget constraints during the ensuing years. The VOIR mission was canceled in 1982. A simplified radar mission proposal was recommended by the Solar System Exploration Committee, and this one was submitted and accepted as the Venus Radar Mapper program in 1983. The proposal included a limited focus and a single primary scientific instrument.","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882120","text":"the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. However, the entire Centaur-G program was canceled after the \"Challenger\" disaster, and the \"Magellan\" probe had to be modified to be attached to the less-powerful Inertial Upper Stage. The next best opportunity for launching occurred in October 1989. Further complicating the launch however, was the launching of the \"Galileo\" mission to Jupiter, one that included a fly-by of Venus. Intended for launch in 1986, the pressures to ensure a launch for \"Galileo\" in 1989, mixed with a short launch-window necessitating a mid-October launch, resulted in replanning the \"Magellan\" mission. Weary of rapid shuttle","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882131","text":"the mission was to end in mid-October. The termination sequence began in late August 1994, with a series of orbital trim maneuvers which lowered the spacecraft into the outermost layers of the Venusian atmosphere to allow the Windmill experiment to begin on September 6, 1994. The experiment lasted for two weeks and was followed by subsequent orbital trim maneuvers, further lowering the altitude of the spacecraft for the final termination phase. On October 11, 1994, moving at a velocity of 7 kilometers/second, the final orbital trim maneuver was performed, placing the spacecraft 139.7 kilometers above the surface, well within the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"12617914","text":"although they had faithfully maintained the ship's log. They lost one day because they traveled west during their circumnavigation of the globe, opposite to Earth's daily rotation. This caused great excitement at the time, and a special delegation was sent to the Pope to explain the oddity to him. The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honour those who complete a circumnavigation and make other contributions to humanity. Two of the closest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds in the southern celestial hemisphere, were named for Magellan sometime after 1800. The Magellan probe, which mapped the planet Venus from 1990","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"docid":"1882133","text":"lost early Wednesday morning, following an aggressive series of five Orbit Trim Maneuvers (OTMs) on Tuesday, October 11, which took the orbit down into the upper atmosphere of Venus. The Termination experiment (extension of September \"Windmill\" experiment) design was expected to result in final loss of the spacecraft due to a negative power margin. This was not a problem since spacecraft power would have been too low to sustain operations in the next few weeks due to continuing solar cell loss. Thus, a final controlled experiment was designed to maximize mission return. This final, low altitude was necessary to study","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882113","text":"with additional helium that could be connected to the main tank prior to the critical Venus orbit insertion burn to ensure maximum thrust from the 445 N thrusters during the SRM firing. Other hardware regarding orientation of the spacecraft consists of a set of gyroscopes and a star scanner. For communications, the spacecraft included a lightweight graphite/aluminum, 3.7-meter high-gain antenna left over from the Voyager Program and a medium-gain antenna spare from the Mariner 9 mission. A low-gain antenna attached to the high-gain antenna, was also included for contingencies. When communicating with the Deep Space Network, the spacecraft was able","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"12251675","text":"Magellan probe that once per orbit interrupted the scanning of the Venus surface making a large turn to direct its high gain antenna to the Earth for data transmission. Slew (spacecraft) Slew and slewing are terms which can refer to a spacecraft's orientation or movement in reference to a plane or fixed position such as Earth, the Sun, another celestial body or other point in space. During space flight, a craft's attitude must be controlled for reasons dependent upon the craft's mission. Keeping a spacecraft slewed properly is vital toward ensuring that its high-gain antenna remains oriented toward Earth for","title":"Slew (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"449532","text":"the closest planet to Earth, Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration. It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft (\"Mariner 2\" in 1962), and the first to be successfully landed on (by \"Venera 7\" in 1970). Venus's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light, and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991. Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions, but they are hindered by Venus's hostile surface conditions. Venus is one of the four terrestrial planets in","title":"Venus"},{"docid":"3265565","text":"mission. Whereas the probes entered the atmosphere in 1978, the orbiter would stay in orbit throughout the 1980s and the early 1990s. (see Pioneer Venus Orbiter) The next major mission was the Magellan spacecraft, which was an orbiter capable mapping Venus by seeing through its opaque clouds with radar. Another NASA entry probe mission was the Galileo probe, which was for planet Jupiter. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe bus was constructed by the Hughes Aircraft Company, built around the HS-507 bus. It was cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of and a mass of . Unlike the probes, which did not","title":"Pioneer Venus Multiprobe"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"8124770\",\n \"text\": \"was just coming to a close. The Magellan Project Science room became notorious for its hanging of long thermal print strips of image data (FBIDRs) along the walls of a spacious room. This was the first form in which the imagery of the surface of Venus was seen due to the long, narrow swathes acquired by the spacecraft. Significant guests during the mission's operation included Margaret Thatcher. After the initial investigation stage Magellan's full data set was released for public consumption. Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882128\",\n \"text\": \"method has since been used extensively on later interplanetary missions. The sixth and final orbiting cycle was another extension to the two previous gravimetric studies. Toward the end of the cycle, a final experiment was conducted, known as the \\\"Windmill\\\" experiment to provide data on the composition of the upper atmosphere of Venus. \\\"Magellan\\\" performed 1,783 orbits before the end of the cycle on October 13, 1994, when the spacecraft entered the atmosphere and disintegrated. In September 1994, the orbit of \\\"Magellan\\\" was lowered to begin the \\\"Windmill experiment\\\". During the experiment, the spacecraft was oriented with the solar arrays\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882111\",\n \"text\": \"to place it into orbit around Venus. Prior to \\\"Magellan\\\", all spacecraft SRM firings had involved spinning spacecraft, which made control of the SRM a much easier task. In a typical spin mode, any unwanted forces related to SRM or nozzle mis-alignments are cancelled out. In the case of \\\"Magellan\\\", the spacecraft design did not lend itself to spinning, so the resulting propulsion system design had to accommodate the challenging control issues with the large Star 48B SRM. The Star 48B, containing 2,014 kg of solid propellant, developed a thrust of ~89,000 Newton (20,000 lbf) shortly after firing; therefore, even\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882127\",\n \"text\": \"planet, before the end of the cycle on August 29, 1994. Aerobraking had long been sought as a method for slowing the orbit of interplanetary spacecraft. Previous suggestions included the need for aeroshells that proved too complicated and expensive for most missions. Testing a new approach to the method, a plan was devised to drop the orbit of \\\"Magellan\\\" into the outermost region of the Venusian atmosphere. Slight friction on the spacecraft slowed the velocity over a period, slightly longer than two months, bringing the spacecraft into an approximately circular orbit from 180-kilometers at periapsis to 540-kilometers at apoapsis. The\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882122\",\n \"text\": \"This maneuver required extensive use of the reaction wheels to rotate the spacecraft as it imaged the surface for 37-minutes and as it pointed toward Earth for two hours. The primary mission intended for the spacecraft to return images of at least 70 percent of the surface during one Venusian day, which lasts 243 Earth days as the planet slowly spins. To avoid overly-redundant data at the highest and lowest latitudes, the \\\"Magellan\\\" probe alternated between a \\\"Northern-swath\\\", a region designated as 90 degrees north latitude to 54 degrees south latitude, and a \\\"Southern-swath\\\", designated as 76 degrees north latitude\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882107\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \\\"Magellan\\\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. \\\"Magellan\\\" was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882136\",\n \"text\": \"should land on Venus by 1:00 PM PDT Thursday, October 13, 1994. Magellan (spacecraft) The Magellan spacecraft, also referred to as the Venus Radar Mapper, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA of the United States, on May 4, 1989, to map the surface of Venus by using synthetic aperture radar and to measure the planetary gravitational field. The \\\"Magellan\\\" probe was the first interplanetary mission to be launched from the Space Shuttle, the first one to use the Inertial Upper Stage booster for launching, and the first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882121\",\n \"text\": \"launches, the decision was made to launch \\\"Magellan\\\" in May, and into an orbit that would require one year, three months, before encountering Venus. On August 10, 1990, \\\"Magellan\\\" encountered Venus and began the orbital insertion maneuver which placed the spacecraft into a three-hour, nine minute, elliptical orbit that brought the spacecraft 295-kilometers from the surface at about 10 degrees North during the periapsis and out to 7762-kilometers during apoapsis. During each orbit, the space probe captured radar data while the spacecraft was closest to the surface, and then transmit it back to Earth as it moved away from Venus.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882132\",\n \"text\": \"atmosphere. At this altitude the spacecraft encountered sufficient ram pressure to raise temperatures on the solar arrays to 126 degrees Celsius. On October 13, 1994 at 10:05:00 UTC, communication was lost when the spacecraft entered radio occultation behind Venus. The team continued to listen for another signal from the spacecraft until 18:00:00 UTC, when the mission was determined to have concluded. Although much of \\\"Magellan\\\" was expected to vaporize due to atmospheric stresses, some amount of wreckage is thought have hit the surface by 20:00:00 UTC. Quoted from Status Report - October 13, 1994 Communication with the \\\"Magellan\\\" spacecraft was\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882129\",\n \"text\": \"broadly, perpendicular to the orbital path, where they could act as paddles as they impacted molecules of the upper-Venusian atmosphere. Countering this force, the thrusters fired to keep the spacecraft from spinning. This provided data on the basic oxygen gas-surface interaction. This was useful for understanding the impact of upper-atmospheric forces which aided in designing future Earth-orbiting satellites, and methods for aerobraking during future planetary spacecraft missions. \\\"Magellan\\\" created the first (and currently the best) near-photographic quality, high resolution radar mapping of the planet's surface features. Prior Venus missions had created low resolution radar globes of general, continent-sized formations. \\\"Magellan\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882119\",\n \"text\": \"its attached Inertial Upper Stage booster were deployed from \\\"Atlantis\\\" and launched on May 5, 1989 01:06:00 UTC, sending the spacecraft into a Type IV heliocentric orbit where it would circle the Sun 1.5 times, before reaching Venus 15 months later on August 10, 1990. Originally, the \\\"Magellan\\\" had been scheduled for launch in 1988 with a trajectory lasting six months. However, due to the Space Shuttle \\\"Challenger\\\" disaster in 1986, several missions, including \\\"Galileo\\\" and \\\"Magellan\\\", were deferred until shuttle flights resumed in September 1988. \\\"Magellan\\\" was planned to be launched with a liquid-fueled, Centaur-G upper-stage booster, carried in\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882116\",\n \"text\": \"tapes were played back. Thick and opaque, the atmosphere of Venus required a method beyond optical survey, to map the surface of the planet. The resolution of conventional radar depends entirely on the size of the antenna, which is greatly restricted by costs, physical constraints by launch vehicles and the complexity of maneuvering a large apparatus to provide high resolution data. \\\"Magellan\\\" addressed this problem by using a method known as synthetic aperture, where a large antenna is imitated by processing the information gathered by ground computers. The \\\"Magellan\\\" high-gain parabolic antenna, oriented 28°–78° to the right or left of\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882125\",\n \"text\": \"renderings of the surface. Approximately 21.3% of the surface was imaged in stereo by the end of the cycle on September 13, 1992, increasing the overall coverage of the surface to 98%. Upon completing cycle 3, \\\"Magellan\\\" ceased imaging the surface. Instead, beginning mid-September 1992, the \\\"Magellan\\\" maintained pointing of the high-gain antenna toward Earth where the Deep Space Network began recording a constant stream of telemetry. This constant signal allowed the DSN to collect information on the gravitational field of Venus by monitoring the velocity of the spacecraft. Areas of higher gravitation would slightly increase the velocity of the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11731326\",\n \"text\": \"a rotation period of hours with a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude (). The large variation suggests an elongated shape. This minor planet was named after Portuguese navigator and explorer Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães; c. 1480–1521), who led and died on the first circumnavigation of the Earth during 1519–1522. The minor planet is also named after the modern \\\"Magellan\\\" spacecraft, which was launched by NASA in 1989 and went on to map the surface of Venus. The Portuguese navigator is also honored by the craters Magelhaens on Mars and \\\"Magelhaens\\\" on the Moon. The official naming citation was published\",\n \"title\": \"4055 Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882117\",\n \"text\": \"nadir, emitted thousands of microwave pulses that passed through the clouds and to the surface of Venus, illuminating a swath of land. The Radar System then recorded the brightness of each pulse as it reflected back off the side surfaces of rocks, cliffs, volcanoes and other geologic features, as a form of backscatter. To increase the imaging resolution, \\\"Magellan\\\" recorded a series of data bursts for a particular location during multiple instances called, \\\"looks\\\". Each \\\"look\\\" slightly overlapped the previous, returning slightly different information for the same location, as the spacecraft moved in orbit. After transmitting the data back to\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882123\",\n \"text\": \"to 68 degrees south latitude. However, due to periapsis being 10 degrees north of the equatorial line, imaging the South Pole region was unlikely. The primary mission began on September 15, 1990, with the intention to provide a \\\"left-looking\\\" map of 70% of the Venusian surface at a minimum resolution of 1-kilometer/pixel. During cycle 1, the altitude of the spacecraft varied from 2000-kilometers at the north pole, to 290-kilometers near periapsis. Upon completion during May 15, 1991, having made 1,792 orbits, \\\"Magellan\\\" had mapped approximately 83.7% of the surface with a resolution between 101 and 250-meters/pixel. Beginning immediately after the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882118\",\n \"text\": \"Earth, Doppler modeling was used to take the overlapping \\\"looks\\\" and combine them into a continuous, high resolution image of the surface. In addition to the radar data, Magellan collected several other types of scientific measurements. These included detailed measurements of the Venus gravitational field, measurements of the atmospheric density, and radio occultation data on the atmospheric profile. \\\"Magellan\\\" was launched on May 4, 1989, at 18:46:59 UTC by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from KSC Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, aboard Space Shuttle \\\"Atlantis\\\" during mission STS-30. Once in orbit, the \\\"Magellan\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882130\",\n \"text\": \"however, finally allowed detailed imaging and analysis of craters, hills, ridges, and other geologic formations, to a degree comparable to the visible-light photographic mapping of other planets. \\\"Magellan\\\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s global radar map currently remains as the most detailed Venus map in existence, although the planned Russian Venera-D may carry a radar that can achieve the same, if not better resolution as the radar used by \\\"Magellan\\\". On September 9, 1994, a press release outlined the termination of the \\\"Magellan\\\" mission. Due to the degradation of the power output from the solar arrays and onboard components, and having completed all objectives successfully,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882108\",\n \"text\": \"an eleven-year gap in U.S. interplanetary probe launches. Beginning in the late 1970s, scientists pushed for a radar mapping mission to Venus. They first sought to construct a spacecraft named the \\\"Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar\\\" (VOIR), but it became clear that the mission would be beyond the budget constraints during the ensuing years. The VOIR mission was canceled in 1982. A simplified radar mission proposal was recommended by the Solar System Exploration Committee, and this one was submitted and accepted as the Venus Radar Mapper program in 1983. The proposal included a limited focus and a single primary scientific instrument.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882120\",\n \"text\": \"the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. However, the entire Centaur-G program was canceled after the \\\"Challenger\\\" disaster, and the \\\"Magellan\\\" probe had to be modified to be attached to the less-powerful Inertial Upper Stage. The next best opportunity for launching occurred in October 1989. Further complicating the launch however, was the launching of the \\\"Galileo\\\" mission to Jupiter, one that included a fly-by of Venus. Intended for launch in 1986, the pressures to ensure a launch for \\\"Galileo\\\" in 1989, mixed with a short launch-window necessitating a mid-October launch, resulted in replanning the \\\"Magellan\\\" mission. Weary of rapid shuttle\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882131\",\n \"text\": \"the mission was to end in mid-October. The termination sequence began in late August 1994, with a series of orbital trim maneuvers which lowered the spacecraft into the outermost layers of the Venusian atmosphere to allow the Windmill experiment to begin on September 6, 1994. The experiment lasted for two weeks and was followed by subsequent orbital trim maneuvers, further lowering the altitude of the spacecraft for the final termination phase. On October 11, 1994, moving at a velocity of 7 kilometers/second, the final orbital trim maneuver was performed, placing the spacecraft 139.7 kilometers above the surface, well within the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12617914\",\n \"text\": \"although they had faithfully maintained the ship's log. They lost one day because they traveled west during their circumnavigation of the globe, opposite to Earth's daily rotation. This caused great excitement at the time, and a special delegation was sent to the Pope to explain the oddity to him. The Order of Magellan was established in 1902 to honour those who complete a circumnavigation and make other contributions to humanity. Two of the closest galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds in the southern celestial hemisphere, were named for Magellan sometime after 1800. The Magellan probe, which mapped the planet Venus from 1990\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882133\",\n \"text\": \"lost early Wednesday morning, following an aggressive series of five Orbit Trim Maneuvers (OTMs) on Tuesday, October 11, which took the orbit down into the upper atmosphere of Venus. The Termination experiment (extension of September \\\"Windmill\\\" experiment) design was expected to result in final loss of the spacecraft due to a negative power margin. This was not a problem since spacecraft power would have been too low to sustain operations in the next few weeks due to continuing solar cell loss. Thus, a final controlled experiment was designed to maximize mission return. This final, low altitude was necessary to study\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882113\",\n \"text\": \"with additional helium that could be connected to the main tank prior to the critical Venus orbit insertion burn to ensure maximum thrust from the 445 N thrusters during the SRM firing. Other hardware regarding orientation of the spacecraft consists of a set of gyroscopes and a star scanner. For communications, the spacecraft included a lightweight graphite/aluminum, 3.7-meter high-gain antenna left over from the Voyager Program and a medium-gain antenna spare from the Mariner 9 mission. A low-gain antenna attached to the high-gain antenna, was also included for contingencies. When communicating with the Deep Space Network, the spacecraft was able\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12251675\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan probe that once per orbit interrupted the scanning of the Venus surface making a large turn to direct its high gain antenna to the Earth for data transmission. Slew (spacecraft) Slew and slewing are terms which can refer to a spacecraft's orientation or movement in reference to a plane or fixed position such as Earth, the Sun, another celestial body or other point in space. During space flight, a craft's attitude must be controlled for reasons dependent upon the craft's mission. Keeping a spacecraft slewed properly is vital toward ensuring that its high-gain antenna remains oriented toward Earth for\",\n \"title\": \"Slew (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"449532\",\n \"text\": \"the closest planet to Earth, Venus has been a prime target for early interplanetary exploration. It was the first planet beyond Earth visited by a spacecraft (\\\"Mariner 2\\\" in 1962), and the first to be successfully landed on (by \\\"Venera 7\\\" in 1970). Venus's thick clouds render observation of its surface impossible in visible light, and the first detailed maps did not emerge until the arrival of the Magellan orbiter in 1991. Plans have been proposed for rovers or more complex missions, but they are hindered by Venus's hostile surface conditions. Venus is one of the four terrestrial planets in\",\n \"title\": \"Venus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3265565\",\n \"text\": \"mission. Whereas the probes entered the atmosphere in 1978, the orbiter would stay in orbit throughout the 1980s and the early 1990s. (see Pioneer Venus Orbiter) The next major mission was the Magellan spacecraft, which was an orbiter capable mapping Venus by seeing through its opaque clouds with radar. Another NASA entry probe mission was the Galileo probe, which was for planet Jupiter. The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe bus was constructed by the Hughes Aircraft Company, built around the HS-507 bus. It was cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of and a mass of . Unlike the probes, which did not\",\n \"title\": \"Pioneer Venus Multiprobe\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"8124769","text":"Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe were only for use and study by a team of principal investigators from a variety of universities and institutions, and by the Magellan Project Science Team. These scientists were responsible for validating the data, contributing input for spacecraft acquisition of data, and interpreting the data results for their release to the public. Data were shared with three visiting Soviet scientists (Alexander Basilevsky, Effaim Akim and Alexander Zacharov), a first, and sensitive issue, for NASA at the time considering the Cold War","title":"Magellan scientists"},{"docid":"1882135","text":"This was also a preplanned experiment option. At this point, the spacecraft was expected to survive only two orbits. \"Magellan\" continued to maintain communication for three more orbits, even though the power continued to drop below 23 volts and eventually reached 20.4 volts. At this time, one battery went off-line, and the spacecraft was defined as power starved. Communication was lost at 3:02 AM PDT just as \"Magellan\" was about to enter an Earth occultation on orbit 15032. Contact was not re-established. Tracking operations were continued to 11:00 AM but no signal was seen, and none was expected. The spacecraft","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882109","text":"In 1985, the mission was renamed \"Magellan\", in honor of the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, known for his exploration, mapping, and circumnavigation of the Earth. The objectives of the mission included: The spacecraft was designed and built by the Martin Marietta Company, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) managed the mission for NASA. Elizabeth Beyer served as the program manager and Joseph Boyce served as the lead program scientist for the NASA headquarters. For JPL, Douglas Griffith served as the \"Magellan\" project manager and R. Stephen Saunders served as the lead project scientist. To save costs, most of the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"14229912","text":"Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in December 2002 using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Magellan II \"Clay\" telescope located within the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. In 2010, the program began using the newly commissioned Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), an instrument purpose-built for precise radial velocity measurement. The Magellan Planet Search uses a molecular Iodine absorption cell to imprint a set of extremely well known absorption lines onto each stellar spectrum that act as","title":"Magellan Planet Search Program"},{"docid":"1882110","text":"\"Magellan\" probe was made up of spare parts from various missions, including the Voyager program, \"Galileo\", \"Ulysses\", and Mariner 9. The main body of the spacecraft, a spare one from the Voyager missions, was a 10-sided aluminum bus, containing the computers, data recorders, and other subsystems. The spacecraft measured 6.4 meters tall and 4.6 meters in diameter. Overall, the spacecraft weighed 1,035 kilograms and carried 2,414 kilograms of propellant for a total mass of 3,449 kilograms. The spacecraft's attitude control (orientation) was designed to be three-axis stabilized, including during the firing of the Star 48B solid rocket motor (SRM) used","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882114","text":"to simultaneously receive commands at 1.2 kilobits/second in the S-band and transmit data at 268.8 kilobits/second in the X-band. \"Magellan\" was powered by two square solar arrays, each measuring 2.5 meters across. Together, the arrays supplied 1,200 watts of power at the beginning of the mission. However, over the course of the mission the solar arrays gradually degraded due to frequent, extreme temperature changes. To power the spacecraft while occulted from the Sun, twin 30 amp-hour, 26-cell, nickel-cadmium batteries were included. The batteries recharged as the spacecraft received direct sunlight. The computing system on the spacecraft, partially modified equipment from","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882126","text":"spacecraft, registering as a Doppler shift in the signal. The space craft completed 1,878 orbits until completion of the cycle on May 23, 1993; a loss of data at the beginning of the cycle necessitated an additional 10 days of gravitational study. At the end of the fourth cycle in May 1993, the orbit of \"Magellan\" was circularized using a technique known as aerobraking. The circularized orbit allowed a much higher resolution of gravimetric data to be acquired when cycle 5 began on August 3, 1993. The spacecraft performed 2,855 orbits and provided high-resolution gravimetric data for 94% of the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"14229914","text":"discovered a number of extrasolar planets using MIKE data alone, PFS data alone, a combination of the two, and a combination of these and data collected using other telescopes and instruments. For example, an early announcement was made in January 2010 regarding the discovery of five long period, Jovian mass planets in eccentric orbits around G and K type dwarfs. As of December 2013, the program had announced the following discoveries: Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in","title":"Magellan Planet Search Program"},{"docid":"14229913","text":"a fiducial wavelength reference. In the early years of the program, MIKE spectra were collected with a resolving power, R, of about 65,000 and achieved velocity precision of several meters per second. Using PFS, most spectra are collected with a resolving power of about 80,000 and velocity precision closer to one meter per second. The program has surveyed approximately 500 stars with spectral types ranging from F7 to M5. Stars included in the program were initially chosen to minimize overlap with two complementary surveys: the Anglo-Australian Planet Search (AAT) and the Keck Hi-Res planet search. The Magellan Planet Search has","title":"Magellan Planet Search Program"},{"docid":"11474067","text":"planet has a breathable atmosphere and earth-like gravity, but an unknown force field keeps the \"Magellan\" and the 1426 refugees on board trapped on the surface. The planet's orbit is also highly unusual, resembling that of a spacecraft rather than a planet. It is located so far from Earth even the Andromeda galaxy is not visible in the sky. The \"Magellan\" is stranded and its crew has to cope with the fact that returning to Earth is impossible. Rumla now reveals to the astonished crew that six years previously, a meteor crashed into a remote area of Sumatra. The meteor","title":"Ice Planet (film)"},{"docid":"8500103","text":"history. On March 6, 2015, the \"Dawn\" spacecraft began to orbit Ceres, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit a dwarf planet. On July 14, 2015, the \"New Horizons\" space probe flew by Pluto and its five moons. Dawn has also explored the former dwarf planet Vesta. Phoebe has been explored by Cassini (most recently) and Voyager 2, which also explored Triton. These three are thought to be former dwarf planets and therefore their exploration helps in the study of the evolution of dwarf planets. In the immediate aftermath of the IAU definition of dwarf planet, some scientists expressed their disagreement","title":"Dwarf planet"},{"docid":"11474069","text":"explore their immediate surroundings. A ground survey team discovers a vast subterranean energy network with a power source located some 500 kilometers from the ship. Meanwhile, in orbit around the icy planet, two reconnaissance craft launched by the \"Magellan\" are attacked and destroyed by the same enormous alien spacecraft that destroyed Newton 5 and the Io military base. One pilot manages to eject, and the \"Magellan\" rescue team trying to locate him discovers an artificial cavern where the power source is located. A Native American-like tribe called the \"Inaku\" also lives there and it is not clear how they ended","title":"Ice Planet (film)"},{"docid":"11474066","text":"commander Noah Trager, aided by recently graduated space cadets, manages to escape to the nearby \"Magellan\" research vessel commanded by professor Karteez Rumla. Rumla (encouraged by Senator Jeremy Uvan who was on the military base) insists that the \"Magellan\" continue its original classified mission rather than return to Earth. Pursued by the alien spaceship, the refugees head toward section 9 in space—the \"Magellan\"'s original destination—when the research vessel suddenly is ejected into hyperspace by an unknown space phenomenon. After traveling through interstellar space, the vessel is drawn towards an unidentified ice planet where it lands automatically in a crater. The","title":"Ice Planet (film)"},{"docid":"1882115","text":"the \"Galileo\", included two ATAC-16 computers, as one redundant system, located in the attitude-control subsystem, and four RCA 1802 microprocessors, as two redundant systems, to control the command and data subsystem (CDS). The CDS was able to store commands for up to three days, and also to autonomously control the spacecraft if problems were to arise while mission operators were not in contact with the spacecraft. For storing the commands and recorded data, the spacecraft also included two multitrack digital tape recorders, able to store up to 225 megabytes of data until contact with the Earth was restored and the","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"11731327","text":"by the Minor Planet Center on 2 December 1990 (). 4055 Magellan 4055 Magellan, provisional designation , is a bright and eccentric asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 2.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 February 1985, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It was later named for Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. \"Magellan\" orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.2–2.4 AU once every 2 years and 6 months (897 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.33 and an inclination of 23° with respect","title":"4055 Magellan"},{"docid":"3847662","text":"and the Darwin spacecraft would have been capable of detecting these atmospheric components. Planet Gliese 581 d, discovered in 2007, was considered a good candidate for the Darwin project. It orbits within the theoretical habitable zone of its star, and scientists surmise that conditions on the planet might be conducive to supporting life. The interferometric version of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder mission is similar in concept to Darwin and also has very similar scientific aims. According to NASA's 2007 budget documentation, released on February 6, 2006, the project was deferred indefinitely, and in June 2011 the project was reported as","title":"Darwin (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"1882124","text":"end of cycle 1, cycle 2 was intended to provide data for the existing gaps in the map collected during first cycle, including a large portion of the southern hemisphere. To do this, \"Magellan\" had to be reoriented, changing the gathering method to \"right-looking\". Upon completion during mid-January 1992, cycle 2 provided data for 54.5% of the surface, and combined with the previous cycle, a map containing 96% of the surface could be constructed. Immediately after cycle 2, cycle 3 began collecting data for stereo imagery on the surface that would later allow the ground team to construct, clear, three-dimensional","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"11774729","text":"altitude to launch their payloads out of Earth orbit. More than ten tests of Centaur rockets here enabled the later successful launches in the Pioneer, Voyager, and Viking programs. Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility The Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, now known as the In-Space Propulsion Facility, is (according to NASA), the \"world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions.\" The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which","title":"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility"},{"docid":"11774726","text":"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility The Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, now known as the In-Space Propulsion Facility, is (according to NASA), the \"world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions.\" The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which was used to launch some of America's most important space probes. The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. NASA's Plum Brook Station is located off Taylor","title":"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility"},{"docid":"13938795","text":"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet is a computer game developed by Symtus in 1990 for MS-DOS. In \"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet\", the player was launched out of a spacecraft by his parents to save him from certain death by renegade robots, and saved when someone gave him cybergenic enhancements. The character thus becomes the Cybergenic Ranger, to battle the renegade robots that killed his parents. The player's ship starts off with no weaponry at all, requiring the player to search planets to find items that will enable the","title":"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet"},{"docid":"169950","text":"out of the planning stages. Following the cancellation of Europa Orbiter, a lower-cost versions called Europa Multiple Flyby Mission was studied. These studies led to the Europa Clipper being approved in 2015, and is currently planned for launch in the mid-2020s. Investigators and researchers came from the following institutions, and included famous scientists such as Carl Sagan and James Van Allen. Builders: Crew of STS-34: Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo was an American unmanned spacecraft that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other Solar System bodies. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an","title":"Galileo (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"2601356","text":"Phoenix (spacecraft) Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program. The \"Phoenix\" lander landed on Mars on May 25, 2008. Mission scientists used instruments aboard the lander to assess the local habitability and to research the history of water there. The total mission cost was about US $386 million, which includes cost of the launch. The multi-agency program was headed by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, under the direction of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The program was a partnership of universities in the United States, Canada,","title":"Phoenix (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"4663413","text":"and feasibility studies, certain simplified assumptions may be made to enable delta-v calculation with very small error: Since interplanetary spacecraft spend a large period of time in heliocentric orbit between the planets, which are at relatively large distances away from each other, the patched-conic approximation is much more accurate for interplanetary trajectories than for translunar trajectories. The patch point between the hyperbolic trajectory relative to the departure planet and the heliocentric transfer orbit occurs at the planet's sphere of influence radius relative to the Sun, as defined above in Orbital flight. Given the Sun's mass ratio of 333,432 times that","title":"Flight dynamics (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"12762442","text":"all freely available from the NAIF website. Prospective users are cautioned that it takes some effort to learn to use this software: it is targeted for professionals in the space exploration business. Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events SPICE is a NASA ancillary information system used to compute geometric information used in planning and analyzing science observations obtained from robotic spacecraft. It is also used in planning missions and conducting numerous engineering functions needed to carry out those missions. SPICE was developed at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF), located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It has become the \"de","title":"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events"},{"docid":"16914694","text":"Spacecraft naming Spacecraft and their missions are given descriptive, sometimes technical names, by scientists, engineers and administrators involved. Space agencies sometimes open the naming up to the public or to school children in the form of essay contests. The entry from Ms. Nina DiMauro's class at Emily Dickinson Elementary School in Bozeman, Montana suggesting Ebb and Flow for the twin spacecraft was chosen from entries from 900 classrooms in 45 states. Maria Zuber, principal investigator on the mission commented on the student's research before selecting the names and its appropriateness for a mission measuring gravity. The name \"Sojourner\" was chosen","title":"Spacecraft naming"},{"docid":"12762439","text":"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events SPICE is a NASA ancillary information system used to compute geometric information used in planning and analyzing science observations obtained from robotic spacecraft. It is also used in planning missions and conducting numerous engineering functions needed to carry out those missions. SPICE was developed at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF), located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It has become the \"de facto\" standard for handling much of the so-called observation geometry information on NASA's planetary missions, and it is now widely used in support of science data analysis on planetary missions of other","title":"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events"},{"docid":"4625751","text":"February 2015. Some of the results include: Project scientists worked too with BICEP2 scientists to release joint research in 2015 answering whether a signal detected by BICEP2 was evidence of primordial gravitational waves, or was simple background noise from dust in the Milky Way galaxy. Their results suggest the latter. Planck (spacecraft) Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013, which mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution. The mission substantially improved upon observations made by the NASA","title":"Planck (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"16086140","text":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations, trade associations, businesses and local governments. The firm was founded in November 2006. Using quantitative and qualitative survey research methods, the firm helps Republican candidates, conservative organizations, trade associations and governments better understand voter opinion. In addition to survey research, the company provides predictive voter modeling, voter data analysis and campaign consulting services. Magellan is a member of the Marketing","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"docid":"2733823","text":"rain-showers within of Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. The weather conditions were in violation of the launch commit criteria for a Return To Launch Site (RTLS) landing in the event of an aborted flight. The primary payload, the \"Galileo\" spacecraft with its attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), was successfully deployed on its journey to Jupiter. STS-34 was only the second shuttle flight to deploy a planetary spacecraft, the first being STS-30, which deployed the \"Magellan\" spacecraft. \"Galileo\" became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet and to penetrate the atmosphere of an outer planet. Also, the spacecraft was","title":"STS-34"},{"docid":"1882134","text":"the effects of a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The final OTM took the periapsis to where the sensible drag on the spacecraft was very evident. The solar panel temperatures rose to 126 deg. C. and the attitude control system fired all available Y-axis thrusters to counteract the torques. However, attitude control was maintained to the end. The main bus voltage dropped to 24.7 volts after five orbits, and it was predicted that attitude control would be lost if the power dropped below 24 volts. It was decided to enhance the Windmill experiment by changing the panel angles for the remaining orbits.","title":"Magellan (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"8593211","text":"differs from the typical chemical-powered spacecraft, where the engines run only in short intervals of time, while the spacecraft mostly follows an inertial trajectory. When near a planet, low-thrust propulsion may not offset the gravitational attraction of the planet. An electric rocket engine cannot provide enough thrust to lift the vehicle from a planet's surface, but a low thrust applied for a long interval can allow a spacecraft to maneuver near a planet. Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion An electrically-powered spacecraft propulsion system uses electrical energy to change the velocity of a spacecraft. Most of these kinds of spacecraft propulsion systems","title":"Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion"},{"docid":"2762335","text":"The joke was that Hungarian scientists are actually descendants of a Martian scout force which landed in Budapest around the year 1900, and later departed after the planet was found unsuitable, but leaving behind children by several Earth women, children who all became the famous scientists. John von Neumann used a number of facts as mock evidence to support this claim, such as the close geographic proximity of the Martian's birthplaces; the well-traceable career path, which started with an interest in chemistry, led the individual in question to German universities where he moved towards physics, at which point the Martian","title":"The Martians (scientists)"},{"docid":"12617879","text":"to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the \"peaceful sea\" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521. His gift, the Santo Niño de Cebú image, remains one of his legacies during his arrival. Magellan had already reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"docid":"16914700","text":"mythical lost city of Atlantis, described by Plato as where Atlas was located. The competition began in 1988 and the winning name was announced on May 10, 1989. Contest guidelines had students select a name based on an exploratory or research sea vessel, HMS \"Endeavour\" was the overwhelming selection among the 6,154. Spacecraft naming Spacecraft and their missions are given descriptive, sometimes technical names, by scientists, engineers and administrators involved. Space agencies sometimes open the naming up to the public or to school children in the form of essay contests. The entry from Ms. Nina DiMauro's class at Emily Dickinson","title":"Spacecraft naming"},{"docid":"19062333","text":"round of Discovery mission selection, with launch set for 2023 as the 14th Discovery mission. In May 2017 the launch date was moved up to target a more efficient trajectory, launching in 2022 and arriving in 2026 with a Mars gravity assist in 2023. The \"Psyche\" spacecraft will use solar electric propulsion, and the scientific payload will be an imager, a magnetometer, and a gamma-ray spectrometer. Data shows asteroid to have a diameter of about . Scientists think that could be the exposed core of an early planet that could have been as large as Mars and lost its surface","title":"Psyche (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"11285130","text":"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft ARCTUS (the \"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\") was a proposed design by Astrotech Corporation and developed with its partners Lockheed Martin, United Launch Alliance, Cimarron and Odyssey Space Research for a robotic spacecraft that would deliver cargo to the International Space Station, NASA COTS program. ARCTUS was planned to be launched by an Atlas V rocket. Its pressurized cargo module would return to Earth and be recovered with a mid-air retrieval operation. The ARPO system is designed to take the ARCTUS vehicle from the ISS stay-out zone to the ISS capture","title":"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft"},{"docid":"11285132","text":"\"Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)\" The ECLSS will maintain the pressurized environment (temperature and pressure) within the cargo requirements during all flight phases, as well crew requirements, while docked. The system will utilize SPACEHAB and ISS heritage hardware and a design similar to other ISS modules in order to minimize crew training and procedure development. Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft ARCTUS (the \"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\") was a proposed design by Astrotech Corporation and developed with its partners Lockheed Martin, United Launch Alliance, Cimarron and Odyssey Space Research for a robotic spacecraft that","title":"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft"},{"docid":"6345294","text":"In addition, Vinik's strategy would have avoided the dot-com bust. Robert ‘Bob’ Stansky is a direct disciple of Peter Lynch’s having worked as his research assistant from 1984 to 1987. During his time at Magellan Stansky managed to return 238% for the fund. However, the S&P 500 index returned 274% during the same period. This marked the only regime where Magellan underperformed the market. Magellan’s portfolio closely resembled the S&P 500 during Stansky’s tenure—so much so that Stansky himself helped coin the phrase ‘closet indexer’. Harry W. Lange represented a change for the Magellan fund. His approach was known as","title":"Fidelity Magellan Fund"},{"docid":"9282645","text":"an independent company. It was once owned by Orbital Sciences Corporation, which purchased it in 1994. In 2001, Thales Group purchased the Magellan division of Orbital Sciences for about $70 million and the Company became known as Thales Navigation. Five years later, private equity firm Shah Capital Partners and other investors purchased Thales Navigation for $170 million and the company was officially renamed Magellan Navigation. Magellan was the creator of the Magellan NAV 1000—the world’s first commercial handheld GPS receiver, which debuted in 1989. In 1997, Magellan also introduced the first handheld global satellite communicator—the GSC 100. Later consumer handheld","title":"Magellan Navigation"},{"docid":"5252543","text":"Astron (spacecraft) Astron was a Soviet spacecraft launched on 23 March 1983 at 12:45:06 UTC, using Proton launcher, which was designed to fulfill an astrophysics mission. It was based on the 4MV spacecraft design and was operational for six years as the largest ultraviolet space telescope during its lifetime. The project was headed by Alexandr Boyarchuk. The spacecraft was designed and constructed by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and NPO Lavochkin. A group of scientists from these institutions was awarded the USSR State Prize for their work on Astron. \"Astron\"s payload consisted of an 80 cm ultraviolet telescope which was designed","title":"Astron (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"18801896","text":"new holding company, changing its name to Magellan Health Services. In 1999 the company moved to Green Spring's old headquarters in Columbia, Maryland. In 2004, the company headquarters moved to Connecticut. In 2014, the company moved its headquarters from Connecticut to Scottsdale, Arizona. In 1997 Magellan acquired Merit Behavioral Care Corporation, a company which provided mental health and substance abuse services, for $460 million in cash. Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began","title":"Magellan Health"},{"docid":"4058947","text":"\"The Wake of Magellan\" \"quite thick plot-wise\", but appreciated how the album got \"right to the metal, a decidedly raw and basic metal oddly enough\", despite the band remaining \"king of piano-to-riff dynamic\", more in the way of Kansas than of Queen, which Savatage had been compared to. The Wake of Magellan The Wake of Magellan is the tenth studio album released by the American heavy metal band Savatage. The album was released in September 1997 in Europe and Japan, and in April 1998 in the US. It is a concept album and is based on two real life events.","title":"The Wake of Magellan"},{"docid":"16086145","text":"would win the 2010 Colorado Governors Election. 2010 gubernatorial election in Colorado. Tom Tancredo lost to Democrat John Hickenlooper on election day, November 2. Hickenlooper resoundingly beat Tancredo by a margin of 51% to 36%. Editorial page editor Curtis Hubbard of the \"Denver Post\" gave Magellan his \"Agony of Defeat\" award for the worst poll in the gubernatorial race. References Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations,","title":"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies"},{"docid":"13379053","text":"astrophysics. Specific research fields include: SPICA (spacecraft) The Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), initially called HII-L2 after the launch vehicle and orbit, is a proposed infrared space telescope, follow-on to the successful Akari space observatory. It is a collaboration between European and Japanese scientists, which was selected in May 2018 by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a finalist for the next Medium class Mission 5 of the Cosmic Vision programme. Its sensitivity would be more than two orders of magnitude over both Spitzer and Herschel space telescopes. In Japan, SPICA was first proposed in 2007 as","title":"SPICA (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"11474071","text":"refugees deliberately transported the \"Magellan\" across space and time for some unknown purpose. The aliens show a vision of the Earth burnt to a cinder, but it is not clear if we see the present or the future (\"you must play your part\", offers the alien). As the alien attack on the \"Magellan\" resulted in a kidnapping of a dozen people, the military launches a counterattack as the alien intelligence on the planet weakens the attacking Zedoni ship's defences. The movie ends as the ice planet is transported through another space rift into a different solar system having four moons—the","title":"Ice Planet (film)"},{"docid":"2820805","text":"Dawn (spacecraft) Dawn is a retired space probe launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres. It was retired on 1 November 2018 and it is currently in an uncontrolled orbit about its second target, the dwarf planet Ceres. \"Dawn\" is the first spacecraft to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies, the first spacecraft to visit either Vesta or Ceres, and the first to visit a dwarf planet, arriving at Ceres in March 2015, a few months before \"New Horizons\" flew by Pluto in July 2015.","title":"Dawn (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"15833706","text":"the spacecraft itself is used to block sunlight on a planet, not as part the spacecraft's thermal design. An example of a sunshield in spacecraft design is the Sunshield (JWST) on the planned James Webb Space Telescope. Spacecraft thermal control In spacecraft design, the function of the thermal control system (TCS) is to keep all the spacecraft's component systems within acceptable temperature ranges during all mission phases. It must cope with the external environment, which can vary in a wide range as the spacecraft is exposed to deep space or to solar or planetary flux, and with ejecting to space","title":"Spacecraft thermal control"},{"docid":"3847659","text":"an Earth-like planet would require about 10 hours of observation in total, spread out over several months. A 2002 design which would have used 1.5 metre mirrors was expected to take about 100 hours to get a spectrum of a possibly Earth-like planet. Were the Darwin spacecraft to detect a suitable planet, a more detailed study of its atmosphere would have been made by taking an infrared spectrum of the planet. By analyzing this spectrum, the chemistry of the atmosphere could be determined, and this could provide evidence for life on the planet. The presence of oxygen and water vapour","title":"Darwin (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"12617900","text":"were given the image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo Niño de Cebu) which along with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the Christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear, and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons. Pigafetta","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"docid":"15049667","text":"Radar Lab with a view of the planet. By using three separate radar echoes, scientists were able to analyze a full image of the planet. The radar technology could penetrate obstructions, including clouds and thick outgrowth of trees. Another purpose of the mission was to analyze the ecological state of the planet and to take measurements of pollution caused by carbon monoxide. The book is based upon journal entries written by Jones during the mission. He presents a typical NASA mission member's day-to-day experiences while living on the space shuttle. Jones illustrates his account with photographs from his mission and","title":"Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet"},{"docid":"4663412","text":"the Sun. The desired heliocentric transfer orbit to a superior planet will have its perihelion at the departure planet, requiring the hyperbolic excess velocity to be applied in the posigrade direction, when the spacecraft is away from the Sun. To an inferior planet destination, aphelion will be at the departure planet, and the excess velocity is applied in the retrograde direction when the spacecraft is toward the Sun. For accurate mission calculations, the orbital elements of the planets must be obtained from an ephemeris, such as that published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For the purpose of preliminary mission analysis","title":"Flight dynamics (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"6582849","text":"to join the Naked Scientists team where they learn to participate in the programme-making process, including presenting, writing and publishing skills. In 2017 the Naked Scientists hosted their first international trainee when University of Western Australia PhD student Michael Wheeler joined the team, and in 2018 Virginia Tech students Marika Ottman and Vy Nguyen received support from Rolls-Royce to pursue a placement with the Naked Scientists. The Naked Scientists have received funding and awards from the Wellcome Trust, the Natural Environment Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Cambridge University including the Isaac Newton Trust, the Science","title":"The Naked Scientists"},{"docid":"12617893","text":"Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the timber without interference.) Magellan's armada arrived without Portuguese notice. There the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. The fleet reached Río de la Plata in early February, 1520. For overwintering, Magellan established a temporary","title":"Ferdinand Magellan"},{"docid":"19675719","text":"for transits combining MOST and HATSouth photometry, giving it less than a 1 percent chance of being a transiting planet. Future telescopes (the Extremely Large Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope, and the Thirty Meter Telescope) could have the capability to characterize Proxima Centauri b. The discovery of Proxima b was significant to Breakthrough Starshot, a proof of concept project aiming to send a fleet of miniature probes to the Alpha Centauri system. The project is led by research company Breakthrough Initiatives, and plans to develop and launch a fleet of miniature unmanned spacecraft called StarChips, which could travel at up","title":"Proxima Centauri b"},{"docid":"5429714","text":"beach of Barangay, erecting the cross of Magellan on the island, conversion of the local people to Christianity by baptism, and scenes of the recreation of the battle. Magellan Shrine The Magellan Shrine is a large memorial tower erected in 1866 in honor of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan on the Mactan Island of Cebu, the Philippines. The spot is believed to be the site where Magellan was killed in the 1521 Battle of Mactan. The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan was commanding a Spanish fleet when he first came to the southern Philippines to the small island of Limasawa on","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"docid":"7785767","text":"Mayflower Aerospace in England, becoming Magellan Aerospace UK in 2003. The Fleet Aerospace division was closed in 2003, was sold, and later re-opened as Fleet Canada Inc. Magellan Aerospace is now an integrated, international company and all of its subsidiaries are wholly owned, operating under the Magellan name. Magellan Aerospace also manufactures structures and assemblies for commercial and defence aircraft manufacturers: Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the","title":"Magellan Aerospace"},{"docid":"11235310","text":"most expensive film produced in Spain. On Planet 51, green extraterrestrials live peacefully in a society reminiscent of the United States during the 1950s. One day, a mysterious spacecraft lands in the town of Glipforg. NASA astronaut Charles T. \"Chuck\" Baker emerges from it and is shocked to find the planet inhabited. Chuck escapes to the town's planetarium, where he meets teenage alien Lem, who works there part-time. Realizing Chuck is not a threat, Lem agrees to help return him to his spacecraft before command module \"Odyssey\" in Planet 51's orbit departs for Earth and leaves him stranded. Planet 51's","title":"Planet 51"},{"docid":"20446145","text":"from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research in Astrophysics (ASTERIA) is a six-unit (6U) CubeSat space telescope deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) and it is currently testing new technologies for the detection of exoplanets using the transit method. The program is funded at JPL through the Phaeton Program for training early career employees. The mission will last for 90 days, but an extended mission of up to one year is possible if the spacecraft performs well and funds are available. ASTERIA's capabilities will enable precision photometry to be performed on an opportunistic basis","title":"ASTERIA (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"5127313","text":"spacecraft named \"Von Braun\", leaving Earth's orbit. Traveling at 20% the speed of light (37,000 miles/s), it reaches Darwin IV in 42 years. Upon reaching orbit, it deploys the \"Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter\", which looks for potential landing sites for the probes. The first probe, \"Balboa,\" explodes along with its lifting body transport during entry, because one of its wings failed to unfold. Two backup probes, \"Leonardo da Vinci\" (nicknamed Leo) and \"Isaac Newton\" (nicknamed Ike), successfully land on the planet, and learn much about its bizarre indigenous lifeforms, including an apparently sapient species. The robotic probes sent out to research","title":"Alien Planet"},{"docid":"7785765","text":"Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the product areas of aeroengines, aerostructures, rockets and space, and specialty products. Its corporate offices in Mississauga, Ontario, Magellan operates in facilities throughout Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Magellan is a component supplier for the Airbus A380, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and Bombardier's complete line of business and commuter aircraft. Magellan also supplies gas","title":"Magellan Aerospace"},{"docid":"5711819","text":"European Space Research and Technology Centre The European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) is the European Space Agency's main technology development and test centre for spacecraft and space technology. It is situated in Noordwijk, South Holland, in the western Netherlands, although several kilometers off the village but immediately linked to the most Northern district of the nearby town Katwijk. At ESTEC, about 2500 engineers, technicians and scientists work hands-on with mission design, spacecraft and space technology. ESTEC provides extensive testing facilities to verify the proper operation of spacecraft, such as the Large Space Simulator (LSS), acoustic and electromagnetic testing","title":"European Space Research and Technology Centre"},{"docid":"9305221","text":"also the principal investigator for Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). In addition, the facility houses the Mars Education Program, which provides workshops, field trips, and other opportunities for teachers and students to join with scientists in Mars exploration. Mars Space Flight Facility The Mars Space Flight Facility is located at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. The facility is a research center in Arizona State University's School for Earth and Space Exploration. Scientists, researchers, and students there specialize in using instruments on spacecraft at Mars for remote sensing research primarily concerning the geology and mineralogy of the planet. The instruments based","title":"Mars Space Flight Facility"},{"docid":"5429709","text":"Magellan Shrine The Magellan Shrine is a large memorial tower erected in 1866 in honor of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan on the Mactan Island of Cebu, the Philippines. The spot is believed to be the site where Magellan was killed in the 1521 Battle of Mactan. The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan was commanding a Spanish fleet when he first came to the southern Philippines to the small island of Limasawa on 7 April 1521. He was the first European to set foot in the Philippines. Due to inadequate food supplies, he was forced to land at Cebu. Landing in","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"docid":"9875996","text":"to date was \"Interstellar Satellite\", which tells the story of the spacecraft that is longing for the heavenly home (\"I’ll escape this fallen planet, to the everlasting light\"). Another hit on contemporary Christian music radio was \"Life of the Party\", that talks about having a greater reward awaiting in heaven, prior to being saved. The album was re-mastered and released in 2011 as a 25th Anniversary Edition with one bonus track. Escape from the Fallen Planet Escape From the Fallen Planet is a 1986 new wave/pop album by Crumbächer. Playing on the theological concept of mankind's fall from Eden, the","title":"Escape from the Fallen Planet"},{"docid":"5429712","text":"islands. Magellan launched a naval war against Lapu-Lapu with an armada of three boats carrying Spanish soldiers and 20 boats carrying Cebuanos. In this battle, which took place on 27 April 1521, Lapu-Lapu fought valiantly with his men, armed with wooden shields, bows and arrows, and lances. Magellan and his army of Spanish soldiers and Cebuanos could not withstand the attack and were forced to retreat to their boats. Magellan was fatally wounded in the battle. He was hit on the leg by a poisoned arrow and also attacked with spears and other weapons. A spear had struck his head.","title":"Magellan Shrine"},{"docid":"6582845","text":"pertinent to, African countries. This project ran until 2010. In August 2012, BBC East announced an impending change to the Sunday schedule, which would see the show discontinued. In response to public reaction, the head of BBC East, Mick Rawsthorne, was interviewed on national radio about the decision to end the programme. Rawsthorne explained that the \"Naked Scientists\" did not fit the station's core purpose of providing \"local radio\". However, Rawsthorne did acknowledge the quality of the \"Naked Scientists\" programming and recognised that, with Cambridge University at the heart of Cambridgeshire, special consideration should be made for science in Cambridgeshire.","title":"The Naked Scientists"},{"docid":"9282646","text":"products included the Magellan GPS 2000, GPS 315, Meridian, SporTrak, and Magellan RoadMate models. The MobileMapper CE and ProMark3 have been marketed to professionals like surveyors and GIS (geographic information systems) users. The consumer division of Magellan was purchased by Mio Technology subsidiary of MiTAC on December 15, 2008, who changed the name to \"MiTAC Digital Corporation\". Magellan develops and distributes vehicle navigation, crossover GPS, and outdoor handheld navigation products. The Company also produces customized mapping software for topographic, marine, and street navigation. Current GPS products as of 2016 include: Magellan GPS units include a variety of different viewing options,","title":"Magellan Navigation"},{"docid":"16458168","text":"catalog number is DNO1012. Music: Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" recording sessions spanned","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"docid":"16458159","text":"Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \"Swing Lo Magellan\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \"Swing Lo Magellan\" recording sessions spanned a year and resulted in","title":"Swing Lo Magellan"},{"docid":"18700810","text":"Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft) The timeline of the \"Galileo\" spacecraft spans its launch in 1989 to the conclusion of its mission when it dove into and destroyed itself in the atmosphere of Jupiter in 2003. The trip from Earth to Jupiter, the probe's exploration of the Jovian atmosphere, and an orbiter tour consisting of 11 orbits of Jupiter constituted \"Galileos primary mission. On Jupiter Arrival Day (7 December 1995), the \"Galileo\" spacecraft was given a gravity-assist from Io and then subjected to the Jupiter orbit insertion (JOI) maneuver, which slowed the spacecraft down so that the planet could \"catch\" it.","title":"Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"5236401","text":"search for clues about how the planet formed, including whether it has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, mass distribution, and its deep winds, which can reach speeds up to . \"Juno\" is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, after the nuclear powered \"Galileo\" orbiter, which orbited from 1995 to 2003. Unlike all earlier spacecraft sent to the outer planets, \"Juno\" is powered by solar arrays, commonly used by satellites orbiting Earth and working in the inner Solar System, whereas radioisotope thermoelectric generators are commonly used for missions to the outer Solar System and","title":"Juno (spacecraft)"},{"docid":"9282648","text":"and AAA Show Your Card & Save Member Discount locations on specific models. Magellan products currently use Navteq based maps. Map errors are handled by the Navteq Map Reporter. Errors can be reported using the Navteq Map Reporter map feedback page. Magellan Navigation Magellan Navigation, Inc. is an American producer of consumer and professional grade global positioning system receivers, named after Ferdinand Magellan, the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. Headquartered in San Dimas, California, with European sales and engineering centers in Nantes, France and Moscow, Russia, Magellan also produces aftermarket automotive GPS units, including the Hertz Neverlost system found","title":"Magellan Navigation"},{"docid":"9282644","text":"Magellan Navigation Magellan Navigation, Inc. is an American producer of consumer and professional grade global positioning system receivers, named after Ferdinand Magellan, the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. Headquartered in San Dimas, California, with European sales and engineering centers in Nantes, France and Moscow, Russia, Magellan also produces aftermarket automotive GPS units, including the Hertz Neverlost system found in Hertz rental cars. The Maestro, RoadMate, Triton, and eXplorist lines are Magellan's current consumer offerings. The company also produces proprietary road maps (DirectRoute), topographic maps (Topo), and marine charts (BlueNav) for use with its consumer GPS receivers. Magellan started as","title":"Magellan Navigation"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"8124769\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe were only for use and study by a team of principal investigators from a variety of universities and institutions, and by the Magellan Project Science Team. These scientists were responsible for validating the data, contributing input for spacecraft acquisition of data, and interpreting the data results for their release to the public. Data were shared with three visiting Soviet scientists (Alexander Basilevsky, Effaim Akim and Alexander Zacharov), a first, and sensitive issue, for NASA at the time considering the Cold War\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882135\",\n \"text\": \"This was also a preplanned experiment option. At this point, the spacecraft was expected to survive only two orbits. \\\"Magellan\\\" continued to maintain communication for three more orbits, even though the power continued to drop below 23 volts and eventually reached 20.4 volts. At this time, one battery went off-line, and the spacecraft was defined as power starved. Communication was lost at 3:02 AM PDT just as \\\"Magellan\\\" was about to enter an Earth occultation on orbit 15032. Contact was not re-established. Tracking operations were continued to 11:00 AM but no signal was seen, and none was expected. The spacecraft\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882109\",\n \"text\": \"In 1985, the mission was renamed \\\"Magellan\\\", in honor of the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, known for his exploration, mapping, and circumnavigation of the Earth. The objectives of the mission included: The spacecraft was designed and built by the Martin Marietta Company, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) managed the mission for NASA. Elizabeth Beyer served as the program manager and Joseph Boyce served as the lead program scientist for the NASA headquarters. For JPL, Douglas Griffith served as the \\\"Magellan\\\" project manager and R. Stephen Saunders served as the lead project scientist. To save costs, most of the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14229912\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in December 2002 using the MIKE echelle spectrograph mounted on the 6.5m Magellan II \\\"Clay\\\" telescope located within the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. In 2010, the program began using the newly commissioned Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), an instrument purpose-built for precise radial velocity measurement. The Magellan Planet Search uses a molecular Iodine absorption cell to imprint a set of extremely well known absorption lines onto each stellar spectrum that act as\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882110\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Magellan\\\" probe was made up of spare parts from various missions, including the Voyager program, \\\"Galileo\\\", \\\"Ulysses\\\", and Mariner 9. The main body of the spacecraft, a spare one from the Voyager missions, was a 10-sided aluminum bus, containing the computers, data recorders, and other subsystems. The spacecraft measured 6.4 meters tall and 4.6 meters in diameter. Overall, the spacecraft weighed 1,035 kilograms and carried 2,414 kilograms of propellant for a total mass of 3,449 kilograms. The spacecraft's attitude control (orientation) was designed to be three-axis stabilized, including during the firing of the Star 48B solid rocket motor (SRM) used\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882114\",\n \"text\": \"to simultaneously receive commands at 1.2 kilobits/second in the S-band and transmit data at 268.8 kilobits/second in the X-band. \\\"Magellan\\\" was powered by two square solar arrays, each measuring 2.5 meters across. Together, the arrays supplied 1,200 watts of power at the beginning of the mission. However, over the course of the mission the solar arrays gradually degraded due to frequent, extreme temperature changes. To power the spacecraft while occulted from the Sun, twin 30 amp-hour, 26-cell, nickel-cadmium batteries were included. The batteries recharged as the spacecraft received direct sunlight. The computing system on the spacecraft, partially modified equipment from\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882126\",\n \"text\": \"spacecraft, registering as a Doppler shift in the signal. The space craft completed 1,878 orbits until completion of the cycle on May 23, 1993; a loss of data at the beginning of the cycle necessitated an additional 10 days of gravitational study. At the end of the fourth cycle in May 1993, the orbit of \\\"Magellan\\\" was circularized using a technique known as aerobraking. The circularized orbit allowed a much higher resolution of gravimetric data to be acquired when cycle 5 began on August 3, 1993. The spacecraft performed 2,855 orbits and provided high-resolution gravimetric data for 94% of the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14229914\",\n \"text\": \"discovered a number of extrasolar planets using MIKE data alone, PFS data alone, a combination of the two, and a combination of these and data collected using other telescopes and instruments. For example, an early announcement was made in January 2010 regarding the discovery of five long period, Jovian mass planets in eccentric orbits around G and K type dwarfs. As of December 2013, the program had announced the following discoveries: Magellan Planet Search Program The Magellan Planet Search Program is a ground-based search for extrasolar planets that makes use of the radial velocity method. It began gathering data in\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14229913\",\n \"text\": \"a fiducial wavelength reference. In the early years of the program, MIKE spectra were collected with a resolving power, R, of about 65,000 and achieved velocity precision of several meters per second. Using PFS, most spectra are collected with a resolving power of about 80,000 and velocity precision closer to one meter per second. The program has surveyed approximately 500 stars with spectral types ranging from F7 to M5. Stars included in the program were initially chosen to minimize overlap with two complementary surveys: the Anglo-Australian Planet Search (AAT) and the Keck Hi-Res planet search. The Magellan Planet Search has\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Planet Search Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11474067\",\n \"text\": \"planet has a breathable atmosphere and earth-like gravity, but an unknown force field keeps the \\\"Magellan\\\" and the 1426 refugees on board trapped on the surface. The planet's orbit is also highly unusual, resembling that of a spacecraft rather than a planet. It is located so far from Earth even the Andromeda galaxy is not visible in the sky. The \\\"Magellan\\\" is stranded and its crew has to cope with the fact that returning to Earth is impossible. Rumla now reveals to the astonished crew that six years previously, a meteor crashed into a remote area of Sumatra. The meteor\",\n \"title\": \"Ice Planet (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8500103\",\n \"text\": \"history. On March 6, 2015, the \\\"Dawn\\\" spacecraft began to orbit Ceres, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit a dwarf planet. On July 14, 2015, the \\\"New Horizons\\\" space probe flew by Pluto and its five moons. Dawn has also explored the former dwarf planet Vesta. Phoebe has been explored by Cassini (most recently) and Voyager 2, which also explored Triton. These three are thought to be former dwarf planets and therefore their exploration helps in the study of the evolution of dwarf planets. In the immediate aftermath of the IAU definition of dwarf planet, some scientists expressed their disagreement\",\n \"title\": \"Dwarf planet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11474069\",\n \"text\": \"explore their immediate surroundings. A ground survey team discovers a vast subterranean energy network with a power source located some 500 kilometers from the ship. Meanwhile, in orbit around the icy planet, two reconnaissance craft launched by the \\\"Magellan\\\" are attacked and destroyed by the same enormous alien spacecraft that destroyed Newton 5 and the Io military base. One pilot manages to eject, and the \\\"Magellan\\\" rescue team trying to locate him discovers an artificial cavern where the power source is located. A Native American-like tribe called the \\\"Inaku\\\" also lives there and it is not clear how they ended\",\n \"title\": \"Ice Planet (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11474066\",\n \"text\": \"commander Noah Trager, aided by recently graduated space cadets, manages to escape to the nearby \\\"Magellan\\\" research vessel commanded by professor Karteez Rumla. Rumla (encouraged by Senator Jeremy Uvan who was on the military base) insists that the \\\"Magellan\\\" continue its original classified mission rather than return to Earth. Pursued by the alien spaceship, the refugees head toward section 9 in space—the \\\"Magellan\\\"'s original destination—when the research vessel suddenly is ejected into hyperspace by an unknown space phenomenon. After traveling through interstellar space, the vessel is drawn towards an unidentified ice planet where it lands automatically in a crater. The\",\n \"title\": \"Ice Planet (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882115\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Galileo\\\", included two ATAC-16 computers, as one redundant system, located in the attitude-control subsystem, and four RCA 1802 microprocessors, as two redundant systems, to control the command and data subsystem (CDS). The CDS was able to store commands for up to three days, and also to autonomously control the spacecraft if problems were to arise while mission operators were not in contact with the spacecraft. For storing the commands and recorded data, the spacecraft also included two multitrack digital tape recorders, able to store up to 225 megabytes of data until contact with the Earth was restored and the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11731327\",\n \"text\": \"by the Minor Planet Center on 2 December 1990 (). 4055 Magellan 4055 Magellan, provisional designation , is a bright and eccentric asteroid and near-Earth object of the Amor group, approximately 2.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 February 1985, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It was later named for Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. \\\"Magellan\\\" orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.2–2.4 AU once every 2 years and 6 months (897 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.33 and an inclination of 23° with respect\",\n \"title\": \"4055 Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3847662\",\n \"text\": \"and the Darwin spacecraft would have been capable of detecting these atmospheric components. Planet Gliese 581 d, discovered in 2007, was considered a good candidate for the Darwin project. It orbits within the theoretical habitable zone of its star, and scientists surmise that conditions on the planet might be conducive to supporting life. The interferometric version of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder mission is similar in concept to Darwin and also has very similar scientific aims. According to NASA's 2007 budget documentation, released on February 6, 2006, the project was deferred indefinitely, and in June 2011 the project was reported as\",\n \"title\": \"Darwin (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882124\",\n \"text\": \"end of cycle 1, cycle 2 was intended to provide data for the existing gaps in the map collected during first cycle, including a large portion of the southern hemisphere. To do this, \\\"Magellan\\\" had to be reoriented, changing the gathering method to \\\"right-looking\\\". Upon completion during mid-January 1992, cycle 2 provided data for 54.5% of the surface, and combined with the previous cycle, a map containing 96% of the surface could be constructed. Immediately after cycle 2, cycle 3 began collecting data for stereo imagery on the surface that would later allow the ground team to construct, clear, three-dimensional\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11774729\",\n \"text\": \"altitude to launch their payloads out of Earth orbit. More than ten tests of Centaur rockets here enabled the later successful launches in the Pioneer, Voyager, and Viking programs. Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility The Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, now known as the In-Space Propulsion Facility, is (according to NASA), the \\\"world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions.\\\" The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11774726\",\n \"text\": \"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility The Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, now known as the In-Space Propulsion Facility, is (according to NASA), the \\\"world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions.\\\" The facility, located at NASA's Plum Brook Station of the Glenn Research Center near Sandusky, Ohio, was built in 1968. Its first major use was for testing stages of the Centaur Rocket, which was used to launch some of America's most important space probes. The facility was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. NASA's Plum Brook Station is located off Taylor\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13938795\",\n \"text\": \"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet is a computer game developed by Symtus in 1990 for MS-DOS. In \\\"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet\\\", the player was launched out of a spacecraft by his parents to save him from certain death by renegade robots, and saved when someone gave him cybergenic enhancements. The character thus becomes the Cybergenic Ranger, to battle the renegade robots that killed his parents. The player's ship starts off with no weaponry at all, requiring the player to search planets to find items that will enable the\",\n \"title\": \"Cybergenic Ranger: Secret of the Seventh Planet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"169950\",\n \"text\": \"out of the planning stages. Following the cancellation of Europa Orbiter, a lower-cost versions called Europa Multiple Flyby Mission was studied. These studies led to the Europa Clipper being approved in 2015, and is currently planned for launch in the mid-2020s. Investigators and researchers came from the following institutions, and included famous scientists such as Carl Sagan and James Van Allen. Builders: Crew of STS-34: Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo was an American unmanned spacecraft that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other Solar System bodies. Named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, it consisted of an\",\n \"title\": \"Galileo (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2601356\",\n \"text\": \"Phoenix (spacecraft) Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program. The \\\"Phoenix\\\" lander landed on Mars on May 25, 2008. Mission scientists used instruments aboard the lander to assess the local habitability and to research the history of water there. The total mission cost was about US $386 million, which includes cost of the launch. The multi-agency program was headed by the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona, under the direction of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The program was a partnership of universities in the United States, Canada,\",\n \"title\": \"Phoenix (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4663413\",\n \"text\": \"and feasibility studies, certain simplified assumptions may be made to enable delta-v calculation with very small error: Since interplanetary spacecraft spend a large period of time in heliocentric orbit between the planets, which are at relatively large distances away from each other, the patched-conic approximation is much more accurate for interplanetary trajectories than for translunar trajectories. The patch point between the hyperbolic trajectory relative to the departure planet and the heliocentric transfer orbit occurs at the planet's sphere of influence radius relative to the Sun, as defined above in Orbital flight. Given the Sun's mass ratio of 333,432 times that\",\n \"title\": \"Flight dynamics (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12762442\",\n \"text\": \"all freely available from the NAIF website. Prospective users are cautioned that it takes some effort to learn to use this software: it is targeted for professionals in the space exploration business. Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events SPICE is a NASA ancillary information system used to compute geometric information used in planning and analyzing science observations obtained from robotic spacecraft. It is also used in planning missions and conducting numerous engineering functions needed to carry out those missions. SPICE was developed at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF), located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It has become the \\\"de\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16914694\",\n \"text\": \"Spacecraft naming Spacecraft and their missions are given descriptive, sometimes technical names, by scientists, engineers and administrators involved. Space agencies sometimes open the naming up to the public or to school children in the form of essay contests. The entry from Ms. Nina DiMauro's class at Emily Dickinson Elementary School in Bozeman, Montana suggesting Ebb and Flow for the twin spacecraft was chosen from entries from 900 classrooms in 45 states. Maria Zuber, principal investigator on the mission commented on the student's research before selecting the names and its appropriateness for a mission measuring gravity. The name \\\"Sojourner\\\" was chosen\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft naming\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12762439\",\n \"text\": \"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events SPICE is a NASA ancillary information system used to compute geometric information used in planning and analyzing science observations obtained from robotic spacecraft. It is also used in planning missions and conducting numerous engineering functions needed to carry out those missions. SPICE was developed at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF), located at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It has become the \\\"de facto\\\" standard for handling much of the so-called observation geometry information on NASA's planetary missions, and it is now widely used in support of science data analysis on planetary missions of other\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4625751\",\n \"text\": \"February 2015. Some of the results include: Project scientists worked too with BICEP2 scientists to release joint research in 2015 answering whether a signal detected by BICEP2 was evidence of primordial gravitational waves, or was simple background noise from dust in the Milky Way galaxy. Their results suggest the latter. Planck (spacecraft) Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013, which mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution. The mission substantially improved upon observations made by the NASA\",\n \"title\": \"Planck (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16086140\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations, trade associations, businesses and local governments. The firm was founded in November 2006. Using quantitative and qualitative survey research methods, the firm helps Republican candidates, conservative organizations, trade associations and governments better understand voter opinion. In addition to survey research, the company provides predictive voter modeling, voter data analysis and campaign consulting services. Magellan is a member of the Marketing\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2733823\",\n \"text\": \"rain-showers within of Kennedy Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility. The weather conditions were in violation of the launch commit criteria for a Return To Launch Site (RTLS) landing in the event of an aborted flight. The primary payload, the \\\"Galileo\\\" spacecraft with its attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), was successfully deployed on its journey to Jupiter. STS-34 was only the second shuttle flight to deploy a planetary spacecraft, the first being STS-30, which deployed the \\\"Magellan\\\" spacecraft. \\\"Galileo\\\" became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet and to penetrate the atmosphere of an outer planet. Also, the spacecraft was\",\n \"title\": \"STS-34\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1882134\",\n \"text\": \"the effects of a carbon dioxide atmosphere. The final OTM took the periapsis to where the sensible drag on the spacecraft was very evident. The solar panel temperatures rose to 126 deg. C. and the attitude control system fired all available Y-axis thrusters to counteract the torques. However, attitude control was maintained to the end. The main bus voltage dropped to 24.7 volts after five orbits, and it was predicted that attitude control would be lost if the power dropped below 24 volts. It was decided to enhance the Windmill experiment by changing the panel angles for the remaining orbits.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8593211\",\n \"text\": \"differs from the typical chemical-powered spacecraft, where the engines run only in short intervals of time, while the spacecraft mostly follows an inertial trajectory. When near a planet, low-thrust propulsion may not offset the gravitational attraction of the planet. An electric rocket engine cannot provide enough thrust to lift the vehicle from a planet's surface, but a low thrust applied for a long interval can allow a spacecraft to maneuver near a planet. Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion An electrically-powered spacecraft propulsion system uses electrical energy to change the velocity of a spacecraft. Most of these kinds of spacecraft propulsion systems\",\n \"title\": \"Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2762335\",\n \"text\": \"The joke was that Hungarian scientists are actually descendants of a Martian scout force which landed in Budapest around the year 1900, and later departed after the planet was found unsuitable, but leaving behind children by several Earth women, children who all became the famous scientists. John von Neumann used a number of facts as mock evidence to support this claim, such as the close geographic proximity of the Martian's birthplaces; the well-traceable career path, which started with an interest in chemistry, led the individual in question to German universities where he moved towards physics, at which point the Martian\",\n \"title\": \"The Martians (scientists)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12617879\",\n \"text\": \"to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magellan into a body of water he named the \\\"peaceful sea\\\" (the modern Pacific Ocean). Despite a series of storms and mutinies, the expedition reached the Spice Islands in 1521 and returned home via the Indian Ocean to complete the first circuit of the globe. Magellan did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521. His gift, the Santo Niño de Cebú image, remains one of his legacies during his arrival. Magellan had already reached the Malay Archipelago in Southeast Asia on\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16914700\",\n \"text\": \"mythical lost city of Atlantis, described by Plato as where Atlas was located. The competition began in 1988 and the winning name was announced on May 10, 1989. Contest guidelines had students select a name based on an exploratory or research sea vessel, HMS \\\"Endeavour\\\" was the overwhelming selection among the 6,154. Spacecraft naming Spacecraft and their missions are given descriptive, sometimes technical names, by scientists, engineers and administrators involved. Space agencies sometimes open the naming up to the public or to school children in the form of essay contests. The entry from Ms. Nina DiMauro's class at Emily Dickinson\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft naming\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19062333\",\n \"text\": \"round of Discovery mission selection, with launch set for 2023 as the 14th Discovery mission. In May 2017 the launch date was moved up to target a more efficient trajectory, launching in 2022 and arriving in 2026 with a Mars gravity assist in 2023. The \\\"Psyche\\\" spacecraft will use solar electric propulsion, and the scientific payload will be an imager, a magnetometer, and a gamma-ray spectrometer. Data shows asteroid to have a diameter of about . Scientists think that could be the exposed core of an early planet that could have been as large as Mars and lost its surface\",\n \"title\": \"Psyche (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285130\",\n \"text\": \"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft ARCTUS (the \\\"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\\\") was a proposed design by Astrotech Corporation and developed with its partners Lockheed Martin, United Launch Alliance, Cimarron and Odyssey Space Research for a robotic spacecraft that would deliver cargo to the International Space Station, NASA COTS program. ARCTUS was planned to be launched by an Atlas V rocket. Its pressurized cargo module would return to Earth and be recovered with a mid-air retrieval operation. The ARPO system is designed to take the ARCTUS vehicle from the ISS stay-out zone to the ISS capture\",\n \"title\": \"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11285132\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)\\\" The ECLSS will maintain the pressurized environment (temperature and pressure) within the cargo requirements during all flight phases, as well crew requirements, while docked. The system will utilize SPACEHAB and ISS heritage hardware and a design similar to other ISS modules in order to minimize crew training and procedure development. Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft ARCTUS (the \\\"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\\\") was a proposed design by Astrotech Corporation and developed with its partners Lockheed Martin, United Launch Alliance, Cimarron and Odyssey Space Research for a robotic spacecraft that\",\n \"title\": \"Advanced Research and Conventional Technology Utilization Spacecraft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6345294\",\n \"text\": \"In addition, Vinik's strategy would have avoided the dot-com bust. Robert ‘Bob’ Stansky is a direct disciple of Peter Lynch’s having worked as his research assistant from 1984 to 1987. During his time at Magellan Stansky managed to return 238% for the fund. However, the S&P 500 index returned 274% during the same period. This marked the only regime where Magellan underperformed the market. Magellan’s portfolio closely resembled the S&P 500 during Stansky’s tenure—so much so that Stansky himself helped coin the phrase ‘closet indexer’. Harry W. Lange represented a change for the Magellan fund. His approach was known as\",\n \"title\": \"Fidelity Magellan Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9282645\",\n \"text\": \"an independent company. It was once owned by Orbital Sciences Corporation, which purchased it in 1994. In 2001, Thales Group purchased the Magellan division of Orbital Sciences for about $70 million and the Company became known as Thales Navigation. Five years later, private equity firm Shah Capital Partners and other investors purchased Thales Navigation for $170 million and the company was officially renamed Magellan Navigation. Magellan was the creator of the Magellan NAV 1000—the world’s first commercial handheld GPS receiver, which debuted in 1989. In 1997, Magellan also introduced the first handheld global satellite communicator—the GSC 100. Later consumer handheld\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5252543\",\n \"text\": \"Astron (spacecraft) Astron was a Soviet spacecraft launched on 23 March 1983 at 12:45:06 UTC, using Proton launcher, which was designed to fulfill an astrophysics mission. It was based on the 4MV spacecraft design and was operational for six years as the largest ultraviolet space telescope during its lifetime. The project was headed by Alexandr Boyarchuk. The spacecraft was designed and constructed by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and NPO Lavochkin. A group of scientists from these institutions was awarded the USSR State Prize for their work on Astron. \\\"Astron\\\"s payload consisted of an 80 cm ultraviolet telescope which was designed\",\n \"title\": \"Astron (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18801896\",\n \"text\": \"new holding company, changing its name to Magellan Health Services. In 1999 the company moved to Green Spring's old headquarters in Columbia, Maryland. In 2004, the company headquarters moved to Connecticut. In 2014, the company moved its headquarters from Connecticut to Scottsdale, Arizona. In 1997 Magellan acquired Merit Behavioral Care Corporation, a company which provided mental health and substance abuse services, for $460 million in cash. Magellan Health Magellan Health Inc. (formerly Magellan Health Services Inc.), is an American for-profit managed health care company, focused on behavioral healthcare. It ranked 475 on the Fortune 500 in 2018. The company began\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Health\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4058947\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Wake of Magellan\\\" \\\"quite thick plot-wise\\\", but appreciated how the album got \\\"right to the metal, a decidedly raw and basic metal oddly enough\\\", despite the band remaining \\\"king of piano-to-riff dynamic\\\", more in the way of Kansas than of Queen, which Savatage had been compared to. The Wake of Magellan The Wake of Magellan is the tenth studio album released by the American heavy metal band Savatage. The album was released in September 1997 in Europe and Japan, and in April 1998 in the US. It is a concept album and is based on two real life events.\",\n \"title\": \"The Wake of Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16086145\",\n \"text\": \"would win the 2010 Colorado Governors Election. 2010 gubernatorial election in Colorado. Tom Tancredo lost to Democrat John Hickenlooper on election day, November 2. Hickenlooper resoundingly beat Tancredo by a margin of 51% to 36%. Editorial page editor Curtis Hubbard of the \\\"Denver Post\\\" gave Magellan his \\\"Agony of Defeat\\\" award for the worst poll in the gubernatorial race. References Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies, now called Magellan Strategies, is a survey research, data mining and campaign consulting firm located in Louisville, Colorado. The company's clients include Republican Party candidates, conservative political organizations, non-profit organizations,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Data and Mapping Strategies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13379053\",\n \"text\": \"astrophysics. Specific research fields include: SPICA (spacecraft) The Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), initially called HII-L2 after the launch vehicle and orbit, is a proposed infrared space telescope, follow-on to the successful Akari space observatory. It is a collaboration between European and Japanese scientists, which was selected in May 2018 by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a finalist for the next Medium class Mission 5 of the Cosmic Vision programme. Its sensitivity would be more than two orders of magnitude over both Spitzer and Herschel space telescopes. In Japan, SPICA was first proposed in 2007 as\",\n \"title\": \"SPICA (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11474071\",\n \"text\": \"refugees deliberately transported the \\\"Magellan\\\" across space and time for some unknown purpose. The aliens show a vision of the Earth burnt to a cinder, but it is not clear if we see the present or the future (\\\"you must play your part\\\", offers the alien). As the alien attack on the \\\"Magellan\\\" resulted in a kidnapping of a dozen people, the military launches a counterattack as the alien intelligence on the planet weakens the attacking Zedoni ship's defences. The movie ends as the ice planet is transported through another space rift into a different solar system having four moons—the\",\n \"title\": \"Ice Planet (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2820805\",\n \"text\": \"Dawn (spacecraft) Dawn is a retired space probe launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt, Vesta and Ceres. It was retired on 1 November 2018 and it is currently in an uncontrolled orbit about its second target, the dwarf planet Ceres. \\\"Dawn\\\" is the first spacecraft to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies, the first spacecraft to visit either Vesta or Ceres, and the first to visit a dwarf planet, arriving at Ceres in March 2015, a few months before \\\"New Horizons\\\" flew by Pluto in July 2015.\",\n \"title\": \"Dawn (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15833706\",\n \"text\": \"the spacecraft itself is used to block sunlight on a planet, not as part the spacecraft's thermal design. An example of a sunshield in spacecraft design is the Sunshield (JWST) on the planned James Webb Space Telescope. Spacecraft thermal control In spacecraft design, the function of the thermal control system (TCS) is to keep all the spacecraft's component systems within acceptable temperature ranges during all mission phases. It must cope with the external environment, which can vary in a wide range as the spacecraft is exposed to deep space or to solar or planetary flux, and with ejecting to space\",\n \"title\": \"Spacecraft thermal control\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3847659\",\n \"text\": \"an Earth-like planet would require about 10 hours of observation in total, spread out over several months. A 2002 design which would have used 1.5 metre mirrors was expected to take about 100 hours to get a spectrum of a possibly Earth-like planet. Were the Darwin spacecraft to detect a suitable planet, a more detailed study of its atmosphere would have been made by taking an infrared spectrum of the planet. By analyzing this spectrum, the chemistry of the atmosphere could be determined, and this could provide evidence for life on the planet. The presence of oxygen and water vapour\",\n \"title\": \"Darwin (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12617900\",\n \"text\": \"were given the image of the Holy Child (later known as Santo Niño de Cebu) which along with a cross (Magellan's Cross) symbolizes the Christianization of the Philippines. Afterward, Rajah Humabon and his ally Datu Zula convinced Magellan to kill their enemy, Datu Lapu-Lapu, on Mactan. Magellan wanted to convert Lapu-Lapu to Christianity, as he had Humabon, but Lapu-Lapu rejected that. On the morning of 27 April 1521, Magellan sailed to Mactan with a small force. During the resulting battle against Lapu-Lapu's troops, Magellan was struck by a bamboo spear, and later surrounded and finished off with other weapons. Pigafetta\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15049667\",\n \"text\": \"Radar Lab with a view of the planet. By using three separate radar echoes, scientists were able to analyze a full image of the planet. The radar technology could penetrate obstructions, including clouds and thick outgrowth of trees. Another purpose of the mission was to analyze the ecological state of the planet and to take measurements of pollution caused by carbon monoxide. The book is based upon journal entries written by Jones during the mission. He presents a typical NASA mission member's day-to-day experiences while living on the space shuttle. Jones illustrates his account with photographs from his mission and\",\n \"title\": \"Mission: Earth, Voyage to the Home Planet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4663412\",\n \"text\": \"the Sun. The desired heliocentric transfer orbit to a superior planet will have its perihelion at the departure planet, requiring the hyperbolic excess velocity to be applied in the posigrade direction, when the spacecraft is away from the Sun. To an inferior planet destination, aphelion will be at the departure planet, and the excess velocity is applied in the retrograde direction when the spacecraft is toward the Sun. For accurate mission calculations, the orbital elements of the planets must be obtained from an ephemeris, such as that published by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. For the purpose of preliminary mission analysis\",\n \"title\": \"Flight dynamics (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6582849\",\n \"text\": \"to join the Naked Scientists team where they learn to participate in the programme-making process, including presenting, writing and publishing skills. In 2017 the Naked Scientists hosted their first international trainee when University of Western Australia PhD student Michael Wheeler joined the team, and in 2018 Virginia Tech students Marika Ottman and Vy Nguyen received support from Rolls-Royce to pursue a placement with the Naked Scientists. The Naked Scientists have received funding and awards from the Wellcome Trust, the Natural Environment Research Council, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Cambridge University including the Isaac Newton Trust, the Science\",\n \"title\": \"The Naked Scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12617893\",\n \"text\": \"Janeiro. Although in 1500, Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the eastern most shores of Brazil for Portugal, Portugal did not maintain a permanent settlement there to protect its brazilwood monopoly (the French were able to help themselves to the timber without interference.) Magellan's armada arrived without Portuguese notice. There the crew was resupplied, but bad conditions caused them to delay. Afterwards, they continued to sail south along South America's east coast, looking for the strait that Magellan believed would lead to the Spice Islands. The fleet reached Río de la Plata in early February, 1520. For overwintering, Magellan established a temporary\",\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19675719\",\n \"text\": \"for transits combining MOST and HATSouth photometry, giving it less than a 1 percent chance of being a transiting planet. Future telescopes (the Extremely Large Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope, and the Thirty Meter Telescope) could have the capability to characterize Proxima Centauri b. The discovery of Proxima b was significant to Breakthrough Starshot, a proof of concept project aiming to send a fleet of miniature probes to the Alpha Centauri system. The project is led by research company Breakthrough Initiatives, and plans to develop and launch a fleet of miniature unmanned spacecraft called StarChips, which could travel at up\",\n \"title\": \"Proxima Centauri b\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5429714\",\n \"text\": \"beach of Barangay, erecting the cross of Magellan on the island, conversion of the local people to Christianity by baptism, and scenes of the recreation of the battle. Magellan Shrine The Magellan Shrine is a large memorial tower erected in 1866 in honor of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan on the Mactan Island of Cebu, the Philippines. The spot is believed to be the site where Magellan was killed in the 1521 Battle of Mactan. The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan was commanding a Spanish fleet when he first came to the southern Philippines to the small island of Limasawa on\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7785767\",\n \"text\": \"Mayflower Aerospace in England, becoming Magellan Aerospace UK in 2003. The Fleet Aerospace division was closed in 2003, was sold, and later re-opened as Fleet Canada Inc. Magellan Aerospace is now an integrated, international company and all of its subsidiaries are wholly owned, operating under the Magellan name. Magellan Aerospace also manufactures structures and assemblies for commercial and defence aircraft manufacturers: Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Aerospace\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11235310\",\n \"text\": \"most expensive film produced in Spain. On Planet 51, green extraterrestrials live peacefully in a society reminiscent of the United States during the 1950s. One day, a mysterious spacecraft lands in the town of Glipforg. NASA astronaut Charles T. \\\"Chuck\\\" Baker emerges from it and is shocked to find the planet inhabited. Chuck escapes to the town's planetarium, where he meets teenage alien Lem, who works there part-time. Realizing Chuck is not a threat, Lem agrees to help return him to his spacecraft before command module \\\"Odyssey\\\" in Planet 51's orbit departs for Earth and leaves him stranded. Planet 51's\",\n \"title\": \"Planet 51\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20446145\",\n \"text\": \"from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Arcsecond Space Telescope Enabling Research in Astrophysics (ASTERIA) is a six-unit (6U) CubeSat space telescope deployed from the International Space Station (ISS) and it is currently testing new technologies for the detection of exoplanets using the transit method. The program is funded at JPL through the Phaeton Program for training early career employees. The mission will last for 90 days, but an extended mission of up to one year is possible if the spacecraft performs well and funds are available. ASTERIA's capabilities will enable precision photometry to be performed on an opportunistic basis\",\n \"title\": \"ASTERIA (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5127313\",\n \"text\": \"spacecraft named \\\"Von Braun\\\", leaving Earth's orbit. Traveling at 20% the speed of light (37,000 miles/s), it reaches Darwin IV in 42 years. Upon reaching orbit, it deploys the \\\"Darwin Reconnaissance Orbiter\\\", which looks for potential landing sites for the probes. The first probe, \\\"Balboa,\\\" explodes along with its lifting body transport during entry, because one of its wings failed to unfold. Two backup probes, \\\"Leonardo da Vinci\\\" (nicknamed Leo) and \\\"Isaac Newton\\\" (nicknamed Ike), successfully land on the planet, and learn much about its bizarre indigenous lifeforms, including an apparently sapient species. The robotic probes sent out to research\",\n \"title\": \"Alien Planet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7785765\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Aerospace Magellan Aerospace Corporation is a Canadian manufacturer of aerospace systems and components. Magellan also repairs and overhauls, tests, and provides aftermarket support services for engines, and engine structural components. The company's business units are divided into the product areas of aeroengines, aerostructures, rockets and space, and specialty products. Its corporate offices in Mississauga, Ontario, Magellan operates in facilities throughout Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Magellan is a component supplier for the Airbus A380, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, and Bombardier's complete line of business and commuter aircraft. Magellan also supplies gas\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Aerospace\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5711819\",\n \"text\": \"European Space Research and Technology Centre The European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) is the European Space Agency's main technology development and test centre for spacecraft and space technology. It is situated in Noordwijk, South Holland, in the western Netherlands, although several kilometers off the village but immediately linked to the most Northern district of the nearby town Katwijk. At ESTEC, about 2500 engineers, technicians and scientists work hands-on with mission design, spacecraft and space technology. ESTEC provides extensive testing facilities to verify the proper operation of spacecraft, such as the Large Space Simulator (LSS), acoustic and electromagnetic testing\",\n \"title\": \"European Space Research and Technology Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9305221\",\n \"text\": \"also the principal investigator for Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). In addition, the facility houses the Mars Education Program, which provides workshops, field trips, and other opportunities for teachers and students to join with scientists in Mars exploration. Mars Space Flight Facility The Mars Space Flight Facility is located at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. The facility is a research center in Arizona State University's School for Earth and Space Exploration. Scientists, researchers, and students there specialize in using instruments on spacecraft at Mars for remote sensing research primarily concerning the geology and mineralogy of the planet. The instruments based\",\n \"title\": \"Mars Space Flight Facility\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5429709\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Shrine The Magellan Shrine is a large memorial tower erected in 1866 in honor of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan on the Mactan Island of Cebu, the Philippines. The spot is believed to be the site where Magellan was killed in the 1521 Battle of Mactan. The Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan was commanding a Spanish fleet when he first came to the southern Philippines to the small island of Limasawa on 7 April 1521. He was the first European to set foot in the Philippines. Due to inadequate food supplies, he was forced to land at Cebu. Landing in\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9875996\",\n \"text\": \"to date was \\\"Interstellar Satellite\\\", which tells the story of the spacecraft that is longing for the heavenly home (\\\"I’ll escape this fallen planet, to the everlasting light\\\"). Another hit on contemporary Christian music radio was \\\"Life of the Party\\\", that talks about having a greater reward awaiting in heaven, prior to being saved. The album was re-mastered and released in 2011 as a 25th Anniversary Edition with one bonus track. Escape from the Fallen Planet Escape From the Fallen Planet is a 1986 new wave/pop album by Crumbächer. Playing on the theological concept of mankind's fall from Eden, the\",\n \"title\": \"Escape from the Fallen Planet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5429712\",\n \"text\": \"islands. Magellan launched a naval war against Lapu-Lapu with an armada of three boats carrying Spanish soldiers and 20 boats carrying Cebuanos. In this battle, which took place on 27 April 1521, Lapu-Lapu fought valiantly with his men, armed with wooden shields, bows and arrows, and lances. Magellan and his army of Spanish soldiers and Cebuanos could not withstand the attack and were forced to retreat to their boats. Magellan was fatally wounded in the battle. He was hit on the leg by a poisoned arrow and also attacked with spears and other weapons. A spear had struck his head.\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6582845\",\n \"text\": \"pertinent to, African countries. This project ran until 2010. In August 2012, BBC East announced an impending change to the Sunday schedule, which would see the show discontinued. In response to public reaction, the head of BBC East, Mick Rawsthorne, was interviewed on national radio about the decision to end the programme. Rawsthorne explained that the \\\"Naked Scientists\\\" did not fit the station's core purpose of providing \\\"local radio\\\". However, Rawsthorne did acknowledge the quality of the \\\"Naked Scientists\\\" programming and recognised that, with Cambridge University at the heart of Cambridgeshire, special consideration should be made for science in Cambridgeshire.\",\n \"title\": \"The Naked Scientists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9282646\",\n \"text\": \"products included the Magellan GPS 2000, GPS 315, Meridian, SporTrak, and Magellan RoadMate models. The MobileMapper CE and ProMark3 have been marketed to professionals like surveyors and GIS (geographic information systems) users. The consumer division of Magellan was purchased by Mio Technology subsidiary of MiTAC on December 15, 2008, who changed the name to \\\"MiTAC Digital Corporation\\\". Magellan develops and distributes vehicle navigation, crossover GPS, and outdoor handheld navigation products. The Company also produces customized mapping software for topographic, marine, and street navigation. Current GPS products as of 2016 include: Magellan GPS units include a variety of different viewing options,\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16458168\",\n \"text\": \"catalog number is DNO1012. Music: Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" recording sessions spanned\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16458159\",\n \"text\": \"Swing Lo Magellan Swing Lo Magellan is the sixth studio album by American experimental rock group Dirty Projectors, which was released on Domino Records on July 10, 2012 in the United States and July 9, 2012 internationally. The album cover features Dave Longstreth and Amber Coffman talking to one of their neighbors in Upstate New York, where \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" was recorded. The photo was taken by Dave Longstreth's brother. The album was written, recorded, produced and mixed by Dirty Projectors frontman Dave Longstreth in Delaware County, New York. \\\"Swing Lo Magellan\\\" recording sessions spanned a year and resulted in\",\n \"title\": \"Swing Lo Magellan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18700810\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft) The timeline of the \\\"Galileo\\\" spacecraft spans its launch in 1989 to the conclusion of its mission when it dove into and destroyed itself in the atmosphere of Jupiter in 2003. The trip from Earth to Jupiter, the probe's exploration of the Jovian atmosphere, and an orbiter tour consisting of 11 orbits of Jupiter constituted \\\"Galileos primary mission. On Jupiter Arrival Day (7 December 1995), the \\\"Galileo\\\" spacecraft was given a gravity-assist from Io and then subjected to the Jupiter orbit insertion (JOI) maneuver, which slowed the spacecraft down so that the planet could \\\"catch\\\" it.\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5236401\",\n \"text\": \"search for clues about how the planet formed, including whether it has a rocky core, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, mass distribution, and its deep winds, which can reach speeds up to . \\\"Juno\\\" is the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, after the nuclear powered \\\"Galileo\\\" orbiter, which orbited from 1995 to 2003. Unlike all earlier spacecraft sent to the outer planets, \\\"Juno\\\" is powered by solar arrays, commonly used by satellites orbiting Earth and working in the inner Solar System, whereas radioisotope thermoelectric generators are commonly used for missions to the outer Solar System and\",\n \"title\": \"Juno (spacecraft)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9282648\",\n \"text\": \"and AAA Show Your Card & Save Member Discount locations on specific models. Magellan products currently use Navteq based maps. Map errors are handled by the Navteq Map Reporter. Errors can be reported using the Navteq Map Reporter map feedback page. Magellan Navigation Magellan Navigation, Inc. is an American producer of consumer and professional grade global positioning system receivers, named after Ferdinand Magellan, the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. Headquartered in San Dimas, California, with European sales and engineering centers in Nantes, France and Moscow, Russia, Magellan also produces aftermarket automotive GPS units, including the Hertz Neverlost system found\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9282644\",\n \"text\": \"Magellan Navigation Magellan Navigation, Inc. is an American producer of consumer and professional grade global positioning system receivers, named after Ferdinand Magellan, the first explorer to circumnavigate the globe. Headquartered in San Dimas, California, with European sales and engineering centers in Nantes, France and Moscow, Russia, Magellan also produces aftermarket automotive GPS units, including the Hertz Neverlost system found in Hertz rental cars. The Maestro, RoadMate, Triton, and eXplorist lines are Magellan's current consumer offerings. The company also produces proprietary road maps (DirectRoute), topographic maps (Topo), and marine charts (BlueNav) for use with its consumer GPS receivers. Magellan started as\",\n \"title\": \"Magellan Navigation\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":282,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"283"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"How many moons does Neptune have?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3431501","text":"place, both moons appear to have similar (\"grey\") colors, implying that Halimede could be a fragment of Nereid. The Neptunian moons are listed here by orbital period, from shortest to longest. Irregular (captured) moons are marked by color. Triton, the only Neptunian moon massive enough for its surface to have collapsed into a spheroid, is emboldened. Moons of Neptune Neptune has 14 known moons, which are named for minor water deities in Greek mythology. By far the largest of them is Triton, discovered by William Lassell on October 10, 1846, 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself; over a","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431477","text":"Moons of Neptune Neptune has 14 known moons, which are named for minor water deities in Greek mythology. By far the largest of them is Triton, discovered by William Lassell on October 10, 1846, 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself; over a century passed before the discovery of the second natural satellite, Nereid. Neptune's outermost moon Neso, which has an orbital period of about 26 Julian years, orbits further from its planet than any other moon in the Solar System. Triton is unique among moons of planetary mass in that its orbit is retrograde to Neptune's rotation and","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"19214837","text":"Let’s call this place the suburbs of the human mind.\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Many Moons\". Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for \"Many Moons\" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album \"Atlas\". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for \"Atlas\" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"19214829","text":"Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for \"Many Moons\" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album \"Atlas\". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for \"Atlas\" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into five songs they thought would become an EP. Once they had even more songs completed, Courtney and Taveniere decided","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"5114468","text":"heat and pressure would destroy it – the data transmitted during the descent would allow a detailed analysis of Neptune's atmosphere. Neptune Orbiter Neptune Orbiter was a proposed NASA unmanned planetary spacecraft to explore the planet Neptune. It was envisioned that it would be launched sometime around 2016 and take 8 to 12 years to reach the planet; however, NASA's website no longer lists any possible launch date. The Neptune Orbiter concept would have answered many questions about the nature of the planet. Its objective was to study Neptune's atmosphere and weather, its ring system, and its moons, particularly Triton.","title":"Neptune Orbiter"},{"docid":"5114461","text":"Neptune Orbiter Neptune Orbiter was a proposed NASA unmanned planetary spacecraft to explore the planet Neptune. It was envisioned that it would be launched sometime around 2016 and take 8 to 12 years to reach the planet; however, NASA's website no longer lists any possible launch date. The Neptune Orbiter concept would have answered many questions about the nature of the planet. Its objective was to study Neptune's atmosphere and weather, its ring system, and its moons, particularly Triton. The California Institute of Technology proposed one mission plan in 2004, while the University of Idaho and Boeing proposed an alternative","title":"Neptune Orbiter"},{"docid":"12383575","text":"on the structure of the Kuiper belt. Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune, and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. It is close enough to Neptune to be locked","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"16580725","text":"angular diameter is reduced to one and a quarter arcminutes across. Here are the angular diameters of the moons that are large enough to fully eclipse the Sun: Naiad, 7–13'; Thalassa, 8–14'; Despina, 14–22'; Galatea, 13–18'; Larissa, 10–14'; Proteus, 13–16'; Triton, 26–28'. Just because the moons are large enough to fully eclipse the Sun does not necessarily mean that they will do so. Eclipses of the Sun from Neptune are rare due to the planet's long orbital period and large axial tilt of 28 degrees. In addition, the largest moon, Triton, has an orbital inclination of about 25 degrees to","title":"Solar eclipses on Neptune"},{"docid":"3431494","text":"height of up to 8 km. Triton has a relatively high density of about 2 g/cm indicating that rocks constitute about two thirds of its mass, and ices (mainly water ice) the remaining one third. There may be a layer of liquid water deep inside Triton, forming a subterranean ocean. Because of its retrograde orbit and relative proximity to Neptune (closer than the Moon is to Earth), tidal deceleration is causing Triton to spiral inward, which will lead to its destruction in about 3.6 billion years. Nereid is the third-largest moon of Neptune. It has a prograde but very eccentric","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"8265556","text":"\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"10366921","text":"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD? \"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD?\" (, ) is an internet meme in Russian Internet culture. The question was originally posted on the #anime channel of the RusNet IRC network on May 8, 2004. Its text can be translated as follows: The phrase was meant to satirize the disproportionate amount of technical \"geeky\" conversations often occurring on that channel, having nothing to do with anime. Later it was popularized and became widely cited in Russophone chats. In 2006, the phenomenon first received public attention when it was asked by many people prior","title":"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD?"},{"docid":"2934690","text":"astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion. It is thought that the Saturnian system of Titan, mid-sized moons, and rings developed from a set-up closer to the Galilean moons of Jupiter, though the details are unclear. It has been proposed either that a second Titan-sized moon broke up, producing the rings and inner mid-sized moons, or that two large moons fused to form Titan, with the collision scattering icy debris that formed the mid-sized moons. On June 23, 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan","title":"Moons of Saturn"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431501\",\n \"text\": \"place, both moons appear to have similar (\\\"grey\\\") colors, implying that Halimede could be a fragment of Nereid. The Neptunian moons are listed here by orbital period, from shortest to longest. Irregular (captured) moons are marked by color. Triton, the only Neptunian moon massive enough for its surface to have collapsed into a spheroid, is emboldened. Moons of Neptune Neptune has 14 known moons, which are named for minor water deities in Greek mythology. By far the largest of them is Triton, discovered by William Lassell on October 10, 1846, 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself; over a\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431477\",\n \"text\": \"Moons of Neptune Neptune has 14 known moons, which are named for minor water deities in Greek mythology. By far the largest of them is Triton, discovered by William Lassell on October 10, 1846, 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself; over a century passed before the discovery of the second natural satellite, Nereid. Neptune's outermost moon Neso, which has an orbital period of about 26 Julian years, orbits further from its planet than any other moon in the Solar System. Triton is unique among moons of planetary mass in that its orbit is retrograde to Neptune's rotation and\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214837\",\n \"text\": \"Let’s call this place the suburbs of the human mind.\\\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"Many Moons\\\". Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for \\\"Many Moons\\\" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album \\\"Atlas\\\". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for \\\"Atlas\\\" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214829\",\n \"text\": \"Many Moons (album) Many Moons is the debut solo album by Martin Courtney, the frontman of the American indie rock band Real Estate, released on October 30, 2015 on Domino Records. The material for \\\"Many Moons\\\" began as a stress-relief outlet for Courtney ahead of the recording of Real Estate's 2014 album \\\"Atlas\\\". Woods' Jarvis Taveniere had access to the studio before the recording sessions for \\\"Atlas\\\" and asked Courtney to make a single. According to Courtney, the session snowballed into five songs they thought would become an EP. Once they had even more songs completed, Courtney and Taveniere decided\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5114468\",\n \"text\": \"heat and pressure would destroy it – the data transmitted during the descent would allow a detailed analysis of Neptune's atmosphere. Neptune Orbiter Neptune Orbiter was a proposed NASA unmanned planetary spacecraft to explore the planet Neptune. It was envisioned that it would be launched sometime around 2016 and take 8 to 12 years to reach the planet; however, NASA's website no longer lists any possible launch date. The Neptune Orbiter concept would have answered many questions about the nature of the planet. Its objective was to study Neptune's atmosphere and weather, its ring system, and its moons, particularly Triton.\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune Orbiter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5114461\",\n \"text\": \"Neptune Orbiter Neptune Orbiter was a proposed NASA unmanned planetary spacecraft to explore the planet Neptune. It was envisioned that it would be launched sometime around 2016 and take 8 to 12 years to reach the planet; however, NASA's website no longer lists any possible launch date. The Neptune Orbiter concept would have answered many questions about the nature of the planet. Its objective was to study Neptune's atmosphere and weather, its ring system, and its moons, particularly Triton. The California Institute of Technology proposed one mission plan in 2004, while the University of Idaho and Boeing proposed an alternative\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune Orbiter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383575\",\n \"text\": \"on the structure of the Kuiper belt. Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune, and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large planetary moons in the Solar System, Triton has a retrograde orbit, indicating that it was captured rather than forming in place; it was probably once a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. It is close enough to Neptune to be locked\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16580725\",\n \"text\": \"angular diameter is reduced to one and a quarter arcminutes across. Here are the angular diameters of the moons that are large enough to fully eclipse the Sun: Naiad, 7–13'; Thalassa, 8–14'; Despina, 14–22'; Galatea, 13–18'; Larissa, 10–14'; Proteus, 13–16'; Triton, 26–28'. Just because the moons are large enough to fully eclipse the Sun does not necessarily mean that they will do so. Eclipses of the Sun from Neptune are rare due to the planet's long orbital period and large axial tilt of 28 degrees. In addition, the largest moon, Triton, has an orbital inclination of about 25 degrees to\",\n \"title\": \"Solar eclipses on Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431494\",\n \"text\": \"height of up to 8 km. Triton has a relatively high density of about 2 g/cm indicating that rocks constitute about two thirds of its mass, and ices (mainly water ice) the remaining one third. There may be a layer of liquid water deep inside Triton, forming a subterranean ocean. Because of its retrograde orbit and relative proximity to Neptune (closer than the Moon is to Earth), tidal deceleration is causing Triton to spiral inward, which will lead to its destruction in about 3.6 billion years. Nereid is the third-largest moon of Neptune. It has a prograde but very eccentric\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265556\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\\\" to a \\\"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\\\". Some critics compared \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". Alex Kristelis of \\\"Bustle\\\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \\\"Khaleej Times\\\" writer called \\\"Anaconda\\\" a \\\"blatant copy\\\" of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", with Minaj's song sharing \\\"the lyrical blue print and theme\\\" of Lil' Kim's. \\\"Westword\\\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \\\"How\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10366921\",\n \"text\": \"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD? \\\"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD?\\\" (, ) is an internet meme in Russian Internet culture. The question was originally posted on the #anime channel of the RusNet IRC network on May 8, 2004. Its text can be translated as follows: The phrase was meant to satirize the disproportionate amount of technical \\\"geeky\\\" conversations often occurring on that channel, having nothing to do with anime. Later it was popularized and became widely cited in Russophone chats. In 2006, the phenomenon first received public attention when it was asked by many people prior\",\n \"title\": \"How does one patch KDE2 under FreeBSD?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2934690\",\n \"text\": \"astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion. It is thought that the Saturnian system of Titan, mid-sized moons, and rings developed from a set-up closer to the Galilean moons of Jupiter, though the details are unclear. It has been proposed either that a second Titan-sized moon broke up, producing the rings and inner mid-sized moons, or that two large moons fused to form Titan, with the collision scattering icy debris that formed the mid-sized moons. On June 23, 2014, NASA claimed to have strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Saturn\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"3431486","text":"moons of Jupiter. Two asteroids share the same names as moons of Neptune: 74 Galatea and 1162 Larissa. The moons of Neptune can be divided into two groups: regular and irregular. The first group includes the seven inner moons, which follow circular prograde orbits lying in the equatorial plane of Neptune. The second group consists of all seven other moons including Triton. They generally follow inclined eccentric and often retrograde orbits far from Neptune; the only exception is Triton, which orbits close to the planet following a circular orbit, though retrograde and inclined. In order of distance from Neptune, the","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431499","text":"would have been destroyed in the process of capture. Triton's orbit upon capture would have been highly eccentric, and would have caused chaotic perturbations in the orbits of the original inner Neptunian satellites, causing them to collide and reduce to a disc of rubble. This means it is likely that Neptune's present inner satellites are not the original bodies that formed with Neptune. Only after Triton's orbit became circularised could some of the rubble re-accrete into the present-day regular moons. This great perturbation may possibly be the reason why the satellite system of Neptune does not follow the 10,000:1 ratio","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431487","text":"regular moons are Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Neptune XIV, and Proteus. All but the outer two are within Neptune-synchronous orbit (Neptune's rotational period is 0.6713 day) and thus are being tidally decelerated. Naiad, the closest regular moon, is also the second smallest among the inner moons (following the discovery of Neptune XIV), whereas Proteus is the largest regular moon and the second largest moon of Neptune. The inner moons are closely associated with Neptune's rings. The two innermost satellites, Naiad and Thalassa, orbit between the Galle and LeVerrier rings. Despina may be a shepherd moon of the LeVerrier ring,","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431497","text":"orbit Neptune at an average of 125 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. Neptune has the largest Hill sphere in the Solar System, owing primarily to its large distance from the Sun; this allows it to retain control of such distant moons. Nevertheless, Jupiter's S/2003 J 2 orbits at the greatest percentage of the primary's Hill radius of all the moons in the Solar System on average, and the Jovian moons in the Carme and Pasiphae groups orbit at a greater percentage of their primary's Hill radius than Psamathe and Neso. The mass distribution of the Neptunian moons","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431490","text":"geometric albedo ranges from 7 to 10%. Their spectra indicate that they are made from water ice contaminated by some very dark material, probably complex organic compounds. In this respect, the inner Neptunian moons are similar to the inner Uranian moons. In order of their distance from the planet, the irregular moons are Triton, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe, and Neso, a group that includes both prograde and retrograde objects. The five outermost moons are similar to the irregular moons of other giant planets, and are thought to have been gravitationally captured by Neptune, unlike the regular satellites, which probably","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431482","text":"thirteen. Follow-up surveys by two teams in 2002 and 2003 respectively re-observed all five of these moons, which are Halimede, Sao, Psamathe, Laomedeia, and Neso. A sixth candidate moon was also found in the 2002 survey and was lost thereafter: it may have been a centaur instead of a satellite, although its small amount of motion relative to Neptune over a month suggests that it was indeed a satellite. It was estimated to have a diameter of 33 km and to have been about 25.1 million km (0.168 AU) from Neptune when it was found. Mark Showalter discovered Neptune XIV","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431481","text":"a star's close approach to Neptune, looking for rings similar to those discovered around Uranus four years earlier. If rings were present, the star's luminosity would decrease slightly just before the planet's closest approach. The star's luminosity dipped only for several seconds, which meant that it was due to a moon rather than a ring. No further moons were found until \"Voyager 2\" flew by Neptune in 1989. \"Voyager 2\" rediscovered Larissa and discovered five inner moons: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea and Proteus. In 2001 two surveys using large ground-based telescopes found five additional outer moons, bringing the total to","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431484","text":"due to its dimness. Triton did not have an official name until the twentieth century. The name \"Triton\" was suggested by Camille Flammarion in his 1880 book \"Astronomie Populaire\", but it did not come into common use until at least the 1930s. Until this time it was usually simply known as \"the satellite of Neptune\". Other moons of Neptune are also named for Greek and Roman water gods, in keeping with Neptune's position as god of the sea: either from Greek mythology, usually children of Poseidon, the Greek Neptune (Triton, Proteus, Despina, Thalassa); lovers of Poseidon (Larissa); classes of minor","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"7479665","text":"The next day, the King fears she'll see the moon in the sky and realize that the necklace is a forgery. He consults the wisest men in his court, who propose outrageous schemes to prevent her from seeing it in the sky. Ultimately, the jester visits the princess, who is fondly gazing at the newly-risen moon. He asks her how the moon can be in two places, and she tells him the moon always grows back: like a child's tooth, a unicorn's horn, or flowers. Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated","title":"Many Moons"},{"docid":"12383578","text":"to have caused it. Five new irregular moons discovered between 2002 and 2003 were announced in 2004. A new moon and the smallest yet, Neptune XIV, was found in 2013. Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods. Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune,","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"3431500","text":"of mass between the parent planet and all its moons seen in the satellite systems of all the other giant planets. The mechanism of Triton’s capture has been the subject of several theories over the years. One of them postulates that Triton was captured in a three-body encounter. In this scenario, Triton is the surviving member of a binary Kuiper belt object disrupted by its encounter with Neptune. Numerical simulations show that there is a 0.41 probability that the moon Halimede collided with Nereid at some time in the past. Although it is not known whether any collision has taken","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"17431540","text":"it during its 1989 flyby, due to its dimness. Given that the relevant images have long been available to the public, the discovery could have been made by anyone. Neptune XIV is the first moon of Neptune to be discovered since September 2003, when Psamathe was discovered. Neptune's largest moon, Triton, has a retrograde and inclined orbit. It is hypothesized that Neptune captured it from the Kuiper belt well after Neptune's original satellite system formed. The pre-existing moons' orbits would have been shifted by this event, leading to the ejection of some moons and the collisional destruction of others. Neptune's","title":"Neptune XIV"},{"docid":"3431491","text":"formed \"in situ\". Triton and Nereid are unusual irregular satellites and are thus treated separately from the other five irregular Neptunian moons, which are more like the outer irregular satellites of the other outer planets. Firstly, they are the largest two known irregular moons in the Solar System, with Triton being almost an order of magnitude larger than all other known irregular moons. Secondly, they both have atypically small semi-major axes, with Triton's being over an order of magnitude smaller than those of all other known irregular moons. Thirdly, they both have unusual orbital eccentricities: Nereid has one of the","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"7479662","text":"Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated by Louis Slobodkin. It was published by Harcourt, Brace & Company in 1943 and won the Caldecott Medal in 1944. Princess Lenore becomes ill, and only one thing will make her better: the moon. Unlike much of Thurber's other work, including \"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" and his fables, this story shows a crisis between males and females that ends happily for all. Despite winning the Caldecott Medal with Slobodkin's original illustrations, a reprint in 1990 by Harcourt featured the text accompanied by new","title":"Many Moons"},{"docid":"12522759","text":"by marrying 60's swing with hip-hop undertones ... This sounds very much like an OutKast song - with an unconventional beat that seems hard to catch in places, but sticks a couple of minutes in. The song oozes originality and Janelle's operatic runs are hot. So many different genres and styles get fused into this song, yet they all unify so well.\" Many Moons (song) \"Many Moons\" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the \"\" album. It was number 47 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also","title":"Many Moons (song)"},{"docid":"17431541","text":"present inner satellites are thought to have then accreted from the resulting rubble after Triton's orbit was circularized by tidal deceleration. Neptune XIV is assumed to resemble Neptune's other inner satellites in having a surface as dark as \"dirty asphalt\". Their geometrical albedos range from 0.07 to 0.10. Neptune XIV's apparent magnitude of 26.5 would then give it a diameter of 16 to 20 kilometres, making it the smallest of Neptune's known moons. The near-infrared spectra of Neptune's rings and inner moons have been examined with the HST NICMOS instrument. Similar dark, reddish material, characteristic of small outer Solar System","title":"Neptune XIV"},{"docid":"19214833","text":"also played guitar for Sharon van Etten, who was under the same management with Real Estate. \"Many Moons\" received large acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 16 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". Marc Hogan of Pitchfork Media gave the album a 7.0 out of 10, exclaiming, \"\"Many Moons\" works as a remarkably cohesive album, meandering its way across themes of past and present to a state of aching clarity that's modest, but no less genuine","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"12522757","text":"Many Moons (song) \"Many Moons\" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the \"\" album. It was number 47 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance at the 51st Grammy Awards. The song's opening section, which involves a refrain of \"voodoo,\" borrows both musically and lyrically from the Pinball Number Count song from Sesame Street, which was performed by The Pointer Sisters. The video, which Monáe promoted as a short film, takes place at the Annual Android Auction in the fictional city of","title":"Many Moons (song)"},{"docid":"3431479","text":"small regular satellites, all of which have prograde orbits in planes that lie close to Neptune's equatorial plane; some of these orbit among Neptune's rings. The largest of them is Proteus. They were re-accreted from the rubble disc generated after Triton's capture after the Tritonian orbit became circular. Neptune also has six more outer irregular satellites other than Triton, including Nereid, whose orbits are much farther from Neptune and at high inclination: three of these have prograde orbits, while the remainder have retrograde orbits. In particular, Nereid has an unusually close and eccentric orbit for an irregular satellite, suggesting that","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431478","text":"inclined relative to Neptune's equator, which suggests that it did not form in orbit around Neptune but was instead gravitationally captured by it. The next-largest irregular satellite in the Solar System, Saturn's moon Phoebe, has only 0.03% of Triton's mass. The capture of Triton, probably occurring some time after Neptune formed a satellite system, was a catastrophic event for Neptune's original satellites, disrupting their orbits so that they collided to form a rubble disc. Triton is massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium and to retain a thin atmosphere capable of forming clouds and hazes. Inward of Triton are seven","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"12383577","text":"\"Voyager 2\" discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25% the mass of Triton. Neptune's innermost four moons—Naiad, Thalassa, Despina and Galatea—orbit close enough to be within Neptune's rings. The next-farthest out, Larissa, was originally discovered in 1981 when it had occulted a star. This occultation had been attributed to ring arcs, but when \"Voyager 2\" observed Neptune in 1989, Larissa was found","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"12383587","text":"the centre and tilted in a manner similar to the field around Uranus. Neptune's rotation period was determined using measurements of radio emissions and \"Voyager 2\" also showed that Neptune had a surprisingly active weather system. Six new moons were discovered, and the planet was shown to have more than one ring. The flyby also provided the first accurate measurement of Neptune's mass which was found to be 0.5 percent less than previously calculated. The new figure disproved the hypothesis that an undiscovered Planet X acted upon the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. After the \"Voyager 2\" flyby mission, the","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"19214836","text":"of Consequence of Sound gave the album a favorable review, stating that, \"In the end, Many Moons appears exactly as advertised: an album that showcases many different faces of the same essential thing. These songs won’t spark any revelations with their musings on time and the subconscious, but they might just transport you to a place that feels like a pleasant dream — a place between places, if you will, like the titular locale of closer “Airport Bar”. It’s a place that values reflection over action, a place where figuring it all out just takes time, and time is limitless.","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"12383584","text":"moons around the outer planet, among others. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered. From Earth, Neptune goes through apparent retrograde motion every 367 days, resulting in a looping motion against the background stars during each opposition. These loops carried it close to the 1846 discovery coordinates in April and July 2010 and again in October and November 2011. Observation of Neptune in the radio-frequency band shows that it is a source of both continuous emission and irregular bursts. Both sources are thought to originate from its rotating","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"17431544","text":"away from Larissa since then because the former two are outside Neptune-synchronous orbit (Neptune's rotational period is 0.6713 day) and are thus being tidally accelerated, while Larissa is within and is being tidally decelerated. When the moon was numbered as Neptune XIV, it remained without an official name. The discovery team plans to submit a name proposal to the International Astronomical Union based on a figure from Greco-Roman mythology with a relationship to Poseidon or Neptune, the god of the sea, consistent with the naming of other moons of Neptune. Among the names under consideration is Polyphemus, the gigantic one-eyed","title":"Neptune XIV"},{"docid":"3431496","text":"Nereid is only moderately elongated which disfavours forced precession of the rotation. The thermal model also indicates that the surface roughness of Nereid is very high, likely similar to the Saturnian moon Hyperion. Among the remaining irregular moons, Sao and Laomedeia follow prograde orbits, whereas Halimede, Psamathe and Neso follow retrograde orbits. Given the similarity of their orbits, it was suggested that Neso and Psamathe could have a common origin in the break-up of a larger moon. Psamathe and Neso have the largest orbits of any natural satellites discovered in the Solar system to date. They take 25 years to","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431488","text":"because its orbit lies just inside this ring. The next moon, Galatea, orbits just inside the most prominent of Neptune's rings, the Adams ring. This ring is very narrow, with a width not exceeding 50 km, and has five embedded bright arcs. The gravity of Galatea helps confine the ring particles within a limited region in the radial direction, maintaining the narrow ring. Various resonances between the ring particles and Galatea may also have a role in maintaining the arcs. Only the two largest regular moons have been imaged with a resolution sufficient to discern their shapes and surface features.","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"19214834","text":"for it.\" Dave Mix of Exclaim! praised the album for its simplicity, stating, \"\"Many Moons\" is another deceptively simple, cohesive statement from an artist who is becoming more accomplished with each release. Martin Courtney has expanded, however slightly, on the Real Estate sound while continuing to find beauty in the seemingly mundane.\" Jonathan Bernstein of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five stars, stating, \"As a vocalist, Courtney equally evokes Kurt Vile's listlessness and Doug Martsch's heroic exhaustion, switching from detached indie drawl to earnest rocker croon from one song to the next.\" Bernstein was more critical of","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"19214830","text":"to release a full album when the recording and touring for \"Atlas\" was complete. The album's material accrued sporadically from studio sessions across Brooklyn, New York between 2013 and 2015 with Taveniere and Courtney. The album's producer, Jarvis Taveniere, also plays on the album alongside Julian Lynch and Real Estate’s Matt Kallman. The album's songs are rounded out with orchestral arrangements. Courtney stated that \"Many Moons\" was named a solo album because he couldn't come up with band name for that he was satisfied with for Taveniere and himself. The album was recorded at Rear House in Brooklyn, New York","title":"Many Moons (album)"},{"docid":"12522758","text":"Metropolis. During the auction, Monae's alter-ego Cindi Mayweather performs for the crowd, while the other androids walk down the catwalk, and are being bought off by the wealthiest of Metropolis, such as technology moguls, city officials, religious authorities, and crime lords, while each android costing billions of British Pounds, as were being used in the short film. She eventually performs so feverishly that she shorts out, and is taken away by Lady Maestra, Master of the ShowDroids (another alter-ego). The song received a positive critical reception. Random JPop wrote \"Many Moons\" follows in the footsteps of \"Violet Stars Happy Hunting\"","title":"Many Moons (song)"},{"docid":"3431480","text":"it may have once been a regular satellite that was significantly perturbed to its current position when Triton was captured. The two outermost Neptunian irregular satellites, Psamathe and Neso, have the largest orbits of any natural satellites discovered in the Solar System to date. Triton was discovered by William Lassell in 1846, just seventeen days after the discovery of Neptune. Nereid was discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper in 1949. The third moon, later named Larissa, was first observed by Harold J. Reitsema, William B. Hubbard, Larry A. Lebofsky and David J. Tholen on May 24, 1981. The astronomers were observing","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"16580724","text":"Solar eclipses on Neptune Solar eclipses on Neptune occur when any of the natural satellites of Neptune pass in front of the Sun as seen from the planet. For bodies which appear smaller in angular diameter than the Sun, the proper term would be a transit and bodies which are larger than the apparent size of the Sun, the proper term would be an occultation. All of Neptune's inner moons and Triton can eclipse the Sun as seen from Neptune. All other satellites of Neptune are too small and/or too distant to produce an umbra. From this distance, the Sun's","title":"Solar eclipses on Neptune"},{"docid":"3776381","text":"and elements of Celtic and New age music, though Enya believes her music does not belong in the latter genre. \"Shepherd Moons\" received generally positive reviews from critics and became a greater commercial success than \"Watermark\". It went to number one on the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number seventeen on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. The album was certified multi-platinum by the British Phonographic Industry and Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 1.2 million and five million copies, respectively. Between 1991 and 1994, Enya released four singles from \"Shepherd Moons\": \"Caribbean Blue\", \"How Can","title":"Shepherd Moons"},{"docid":"12383582","text":"be visible to the naked eye and can be outshone by Jupiter's Galilean moons, the dwarf planet Ceres and the asteroids 4 Vesta, 2 Pallas, 7 Iris, 3 Juno, and 6 Hebe. A telescope or strong binoculars will resolve Neptune as a small blue disk, similar in appearance to Uranus. Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of the \"Hubble Space Telescope\" and","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"12383532","text":"god Neptune's trident. Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"3740561","text":"six inner moons of Neptune, including the Adams ring shepherd Galatea. \"*A question mark means that the parameter is not known.\" Rings of Neptune The rings of Neptune consist primarily of five principal rings and were first discovered (as \"arcs\") on 22 July 1984 in Chile by Patrice Bouchet, Reinhold Häfner and Jean Manfroid at La Silla Observatory (ESO) during an observing program proposed by André Brahic and Bruno Sicardy from Paris Observatory, and at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory by F. Vilas and L.-R. Elicer for a program led by William Hubbard. They were eventually imaged in 1989 by the","title":"Rings of Neptune"},{"docid":"3740548","text":"narrow, dusty ringlets and even fainter broad dusty rings. The rings of Neptune, like those of Uranus, are thought to be relatively young; their age is probably significantly less than that of the Solar System. Also, like those of Uranus, Neptune's rings probably resulted from the collisional fragmentation of onetime inner moons. Such events create moonlet belts, which act as the sources of dust for the rings. In this respect the rings of Neptune are similar to faint dusty bands observed by \"Voyager 2\" between the main rings of Uranus. The innermost ring of Neptune is called the \"Galle ring\"","title":"Rings of Neptune"},{"docid":"6361402","text":"if retrograde) of the Hill radius, the stable gravitational zone of Pluto's influence. For example, Psamathe orbits Neptune at 40% of the Hill radius. In the case of Pluto, only the inner 3% of the region where prograde orbits would be stable is occupied by satellites, and the region from Styx to Hydra is packed so tightly that there is little room for further moons with stable orbits. An intense search conducted by \"New Horizons\" confirmed that no moons larger than 4.5 km in diameter exist at the distances up to 180,000 km from Pluto (for smaller distances, this threshold","title":"Moons of Pluto"},{"docid":"3438790","text":"for newly discovered Neptunian moons is to accord with these first two choices by naming them after Greek sea deities. Neptune XIV, the most recently discovered Neptunian moon, was given a Roman numeral but not a name. The name of Pluto's moon Charon was suggested by James W. Christy, its discoverer, soon after its discovery. The other four moons are named Hydra, Nix, Kerberos, and Styx. Charon, Hydra, Nix, and Kerberos are all characters in Greek mythology, with ties to Hades (the Greek equivalent of Pluto). Charon ferries the dead across the River Acheron, Hydra guards the waters of the","title":"Naming of moons"},{"docid":"12383588","text":"next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner. In 2003, there was a proposal in NASA's \"Vision Missions Studies\" for a \"Neptune Orbiter with Probes\" mission that does \"Cassini\"-level science. Another, more recent proposal was for \"Argo\", a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object. The focus would be on Neptune and its largest","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"17431542","text":"bodies, appears to be present on all their surfaces. The data is consistent with organic compounds containing C−H and/or C≡N bonds, but spectral resolution was inadequate to identify the molecules. Water ice, abundant in the outer Solar System, is believed to be present, but its spectral signature could not be observed (unlike the case of small Uranian moons). Neptune XIV completes one revolution around Neptune every 22 hours and 28.1 minutes (0.9362 days), implying a semi-major axis of , just over a quarter that of Earth's moon, and roughly twice the average radius of Neptune's rings. Both its inclination and","title":"Neptune XIV"},{"docid":"2955853","text":"the air and shouting a special phrase, originally \"Neptune Planet Power, Make-up!\" In the manga she eventually gains her Neptune Crystal and this phrase changes to evoke \"Neptune Crystal Power\". In the anime, although she \"does\" upgrade to Super Sailor Neptune, the Crystal is never mentioned and her transformation is never shown on screen after the upgrade. Sailor Neptune's powers are inspired by Roman mythology, where Neptune is the god of the sea. She draws energy from the \"deep waters\" and blasts it at her foes. She is given three major attacks in the series, and although they all have","title":"Sailor Neptune"},{"docid":"10687967","text":"but resulted in more distant flybys of both targets. On 25 August, in \"Voyager 2\" last planetary encounter, the spacecraft swooped only above Neptune's north pole, the closest approach it made to any body since it left Earth in 1977. When the spacecraft visited the Neptunian system, Neptune was the farthest known body in the Solar system. It was not until 1999, that Pluto was further from the Sun in its trajectory. \"Voyager 2\" studied Neptune's atmosphere, Neptune's rings, its magnetosphere, and Neptune's moons. The Neptunian system had been studied scientifically for many years with telescopes and indirect methods, but","title":"Exploration of Neptune"},{"docid":"3740539","text":"C ring and the Cassini Division, but much of Neptune's ring system is quite tenuous, faint and dusty, more closely resembling the rings of Jupiter. Neptune's rings are named after astronomers who contributed important work on the planet: Galle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Adams. Neptune also has a faint unnamed ring coincident with the orbit of the moon Galatea. Three other moons orbit between the rings: Naiad, Thalassa and Despina. The rings of Neptune are made of extremely dark material, likely organic compounds processed by radiation, similar to that found in the rings of Uranus. The proportion of dust","title":"Rings of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431498","text":"is the most lopsided of the satellite systems of the giant planets in the Solar System. One moon, Triton, makes up nearly all of the mass of the system, with all other moons together comprising only one third of one percent. This is similar to the moon system of Saturn, where Titan makes up more than 95% of the total mass, but is different from the more balanced systems of Jupiter and Uranus. The reason for the lopsidedness of the present Neptunian system is that Triton was captured well after the formation of Neptune's original satellite system, much of which","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"3431489","text":"Larissa, about 200 km in diameter, is elongated. Proteus is not significantly elongated, but not fully spherical either: it resembles an irregular polyhedron, with several flat or slightly concave facets 150 to 250 km in diameter. At about 400 km in diameter, it is larger than the Saturnian moon Mimas, which is fully ellipsoidal. This difference may be due to a past collisional disruption of Proteus. The surface of Proteus is heavily cratered and shows a number of linear features. Its largest crater, Pharos, is more than 150 km in diameter. All of Neptune's inner moons are dark objects: their","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"320168","text":"in the planetary satellites of Jupiter and applying them to the outer planets. The three inner Galilean moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa and Ganymede, are locked in a complicated 1:2:4 resonance called a Laplace resonance. Ketakar suggested that Uranus, Neptune and his hypothetical trans-Neptunian planets were locked in Laplace-like resonances. His calculations predicted a mean distance for Brahma of 38.95 AU and an orbital period of 242.28 Earth years (3:4 resonance with Neptune). When Pluto was discovered 19 years later, its mean distance of 39.48 AU and orbital period of 248 Earth years were close to Ketakar's prediction (Pluto in","title":"Planets beyond Neptune"},{"docid":"3431485","text":"Greek water deities (Naiad, Nereid); or specific Nereids (Halimede, Galatea, Neso, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe). The most recently discovered moon, Neptune XIV, was left unnamed on its official numbering, although its discoverers planned to submit a name continuing this tradition to the International Astronomical Union. Among the names that were considered was Polyphemus, the gigantic one-eyed son of Poseidon and Thoosa. For the \"normal\" irregular satellites, the general convention is to use names ending in \"a\" for prograde satellites, names ending in \"e\" for retrograde satellites, and names ending in \"o\" for exceptionally inclined satellites, exactly like the convention for the","title":"Moons of Neptune"},{"docid":"19171723","text":"them interesting, storylines that we’re not invested in, and action that’s not exciting. This episode would have been better left unaired\". Stacy Glanzman of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars. How Does She Do It? \"How Does She Do It?\" is the fourth episode in the first season of the CBS television series \"Supergirl\", which aired on November 23, 2015. It was written by Yahlin Chang and Ted Sullivan, and directed by Thor Freudenthal. The episode centers on Kara dealing with babysitting Cat Grant's son while on vacation while tackling a series of attempted bombings","title":"How Does She Do It?"},{"docid":"8265552","text":"and a bling accessary\". Lil' Kim and Sisqó also exchange pick-up lines during the song. The chorus refers to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops (\"How many licks does it takes to get to the Tootsie Roll centre of a Tootsie Pop?\"), and ties sexuality to consumerism according to media studies professor Scott Wilson. For the track's remix, Lil' Kim associates her rapping abilities with oral sex: \"Ya neva seen this stroke of genius / [I] put tha cleanest, meanest lips on ya penis!\" She is also noted to popularize the word \"gangstress\" which she had previously used in \"Spend","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"7479663","text":"illustrations by Marc Simont. It was made into an opera by American composer, Celius Dougherty. It was also made into a play, adapted by Charlotte Chorpenning. Princess Lenore suffers from \"a surfeit of raspberry tarts\" — eating too many sweets. She insists she is gravely ill, but if her father brings her the moon she'll be well again. Her father, the king, asks the wisest men in his court how he can give his daughter the moon, and becomes outraged when they all claim that it is too large, too far away, and composed of unstable or dangerous substances. Despairing,","title":"Many Moons"},{"docid":"8265550","text":"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"2934469","text":"being larger than Mercury. All other Jovian moons are less than in diameter, with most barely exceeding . Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined, and many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years). Jupiter's regular satellites are believed to have formed from a circumplanetary disk, a ring of accreting gas and solid debris analogous to a protoplanetary disk. They may be the remnants","title":"Moons of Jupiter"},{"docid":"9877940","text":"for the evolution of \"Homo mermanus\", and is still honored by the Atlanteans, unlike many Olympians who have little or no worshippers on Earth. Two millennia ago, Neptune destroyed an Atlantean cult of worshipers of Set. He later lived among the Atlanteans for many years as their protector. In modern times, Neptune sent Namor the Sub-Mariner on a quest for his trident in order to regain the Atlantean throne, appearing before him at various points. Neptune then appeared to the Atlanteans, and decreed Namor the true ruler of Atlantis. Neptune later advised Namor of the true destiny of Atlantis. Later,","title":"Neptune (Marvel Comics)"},{"docid":"8265566","text":"cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"3431351","text":"irregular moons have been identified using ground-based telescopes. Two more small inner moons, Cupid and Mab, were discovered using the Hubble Space Telescope in 2003. As of 2016, the moon Margaret was the last Uranian moon discovered, and its characteristics were published in October 2003. After Herschel discovered Titania and Oberon on January 11, 1787, he subsequently believed that he had observed four other moons: two on January 18 and February 9, 1790, and two more on February 28 and March 26, 1794. It was thus believed for many decades thereafter that Uranus had a system of six satellites, though","title":"Moons of Uranus"},{"docid":"5644974","text":"the Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dalí, with lyrical reference to another painting — Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" — as well as New Orleans' Cabrini High School. Following the release of \"How Does Your Garden Grow?\", Elektra dropped the band. In 2013 the album was mixed into 5.1 surround sound from the original multitracks and released on DVD-Audio. How Does Your Garden Grow? How Does Your Garden Grow? is a 1998 album by American alternative rock trio Better Than Ezra. It was the band's fourth album, and their second with drummer Travis Aaron McNabb. It was released on August 25,","title":"How Does Your Garden Grow?"},{"docid":"12303151","text":"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \"Voodoo\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"12303116","text":"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \"Voodoo\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"14444116","text":"to complete The Moons line-up. The final single to come from the album late in 2012 was the song Something Soon. The song featured Paul Weller and completed the trilogy of collectors singles. A music video was made also featuring Weller and became a hot favourite to Moons fans and the indie scene. All of The Moons videos were made by director Joe Connor who had already worked with many bands such as The Courteeners, Band of Skulls and Paul Weller. Joe's work for The Moons undoubtedly give the band the perfect transition to screen. The Moons loyalty to Joe","title":"The Moons"},{"docid":"14985610","text":"\"effective, almost ballad-like, single\" with \"effective vocals and tight licks\". In a review of the \"Slade in Flame\" album, \"Record Mirror\" said: \"\"How Does It Feel\" has a slower relaxed beat with grasping dramatic vocals delivered with as much feeling as Sir Larry's \"Richard III\".\" \"Disc\" said: \"For once Noddy's voice is allowed to take almost total precedence and the result is a poignant and unusual number.\" In a retrospective review of the album, Geoff Ginsberg of AllMusic commented: \"From the opening number, \"How Does It Feel,\" Slade sets a different tone\". How Does It Feel (Slade song) \"How Does","title":"How Does It Feel (Slade song)"},{"docid":"2934466","text":"Moons of Jupiter There are 79 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or","title":"Moons of Jupiter"},{"docid":"12383541","text":"does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it.\" Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as \"the planet exterior to Uranus\" or as \"Le Verrier's planet\". The first suggestion for a name came from Galle, who proposed the name \"Janus\". In England, Challis put forward the name \"Oceanus\". Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name \"Neptune\" for this new planet, though falsely stating that","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"12383572","text":"The 3:4, 3:5, 4:7 and 2:5 resonances are less populated. Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune and Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbits, and are likely to have formed alongside Neptune rather than being captured. The first object identified as associated with Neptune's trailing Lagrangian point was . Neptune also has a temporary quasi-satellite, . The object has been a quasi-satellite of Neptune for about 12,500","title":"Neptune"},{"docid":"159077","text":"history. Each generation of moons would have spiraled into Jupiter, due to drag from the disk, with new moons then forming from the new debris captured from the Solar nebula. By the time the present (possibly fifth) generation formed, the disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. The current Galilean moons were still affected, falling into and being partially protected by an orbital resonance which still exists for Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io.","title":"Galilean moons"},{"docid":"3431346","text":"Moons of Uranus Uranus is the seventh planet of the Solar System; it has 27 known moons, all of which are named after characters from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. Uranus's moons are divided into three groups: thirteen inner moons, five major moons, and nine irregular moons. The inner moons are small dark bodies that share common properties and origins with Uranus's rings. The five major moons are massive enough to have reached hydrostatic equilibrium, and four of them show signs of internally driven processes such as canyon formation and volcanism on their surfaces. The largest of","title":"Moons of Uranus"},{"docid":"8265545","text":"How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The","title":"How Many Licks?"},{"docid":"19466866","text":"\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"19466865","text":"How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"17736986","text":"How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song","title":"How Many Birds"},{"docid":"11647283","text":"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the","title":"How Many Words"},{"docid":"11647282","text":"How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May","title":"How Many Words"},{"docid":"14444110","text":"the album received great praise and earnt many fans, Crofts felt the album could have been musically better and less rushed. In between shows and tours, The Moons played live Radio shows for the BBC with Janice Long and Mark Lamarr and played In-Store shows at Oxford Street HMV and Carnaby Street. A highlight of the year was their support slot for Ocean Colour Scene at the Royal Albert Hall in October. The Moons spent the rest of the year demo-ing song towards their second album with Edwyn Collins and Seb Lewsley at Westheath Yard studios, London. While taking time","title":"The Moons"},{"docid":"19466870","text":"Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living","title":"How Many Fucks"},{"docid":"2934677","text":"with the rings, comprise only 0.04%. Although the boundaries may be somewhat vague, Saturn's moons can be divided into ten groups according to their orbital characteristics. Many of them, such as Pan and Daphnis, orbit within Saturn's ring system and have orbital periods only slightly longer than the planet's rotation period. The innermost moons and most regular satellites all have mean orbital inclinations ranging from less than a degree to about 1.5 degrees (except Iapetus, which has an inclination of 7.57 degrees) and small orbital eccentricities. On the other hand, irregular satellites in the outermost regions of Saturn's moon system,","title":"Moons of Saturn"},{"docid":"4805927","text":"is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. Navigation aids have been located on islands within the Neptune Islands Group since the early 20th century. A light mounted on a tower located on the largest island in the northern group commenced operation in 1983 and was removed during the year 2002-2003. The need for a lighthouse in the Neptune Islands was considered for many years during the 19th century due to the Islands’ relatively low elevation. In 1901, the light tower from the Port Adelaide Entrance light was relocated to South Neptune Island. This was eventually replaced by a new","title":"Neptune Islands"},{"docid":"2934663","text":"Moons of Saturn The moons of Saturn are numerous and diverse, ranging from tiny moonlets less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury. Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers, as well as dense rings with complex orbital motions of their own. Seven Saturnian moons are large enough to be ellipsoidal in shape, yet only two of those, Titan and Rhea, are currently in hydrostatic equilibrium. Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second-largest moon","title":"Moons of Saturn"},{"docid":"11514112","text":"of the Road Festival programme that the band's initial ambition was to have one of their songs played at HDIF. She later revealed: \"This club inspired a lot of our songs, including 'Dreaming' and 'Polaroid Song'.\" After a break of three years, the HDIF label was revived in 2013, with the release of the debut album by Haiku Salut, titled \"Tricolore\". The label released Haiku Salut's second album, \"Etch and Etch Deep\", in 2015. How Does It Feel to Be Loved? How Does It Feel to Be Loved? (often abbreviated to HDIF) is a London-based nightclub which predominately plays indie","title":"How Does It Feel to Be Loved?"},{"docid":"7479664","text":"the king confides in his court jester. The jester then asks the princess what \"she\" thinks the moon is made of, how big it is, and how far away. According to the princess, the moon is as big as her thumbnail and made of gold. She says it's so close that he could climb a tree and pluck it from the sky. He promises to do just that, that very night. Instead, the jester takes the princess's specifications to royal goldsmith, who creates a necklace with a moon-like pendant. It is presented to the princess and she becomes well again.","title":"Many Moons"},{"docid":"20010980","text":"How Does a Moment Last Forever \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" is a song written by lyricist Tim Rice and composer Alan Menken for the Disney live action film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a remake of the animated musical of the same name. This Broadway-inspired ballad is performed in the movie by American actor Kevin Kline in his role as Maurice. It describes the relationship between his character and that of his wife, Belle's deceased mother. Later in the film, Belle (Emma Watson) performs the song as she discovers the truth about her mother's fate. \"How Does a","title":"How Does a Moment Last Forever"},{"docid":"3431363","text":"a circular path about 15 degrees in diameter in the sky, and never set. As of 2005 Uranus is known to have nine irregular moons, which orbit it at a distance much greater than that of Oberon, the furthest of the large moons. All the irregular moons are probably captured objects that were trapped by Uranus soon after its formation. The diagram illustrates the orbits of those irregular moons discovered so far. The moons above the X axis are prograde, those beneath are retrograde. The radius of the Uranian Hill sphere is approximately 73 million km. Uranus's irregular moons range","title":"Moons of Uranus"},{"docid":"6372780","text":"from the list of Neptune trojans maintained by the IAU Minor Planet Center and with diameters from Sheppard and Trujillo's paper on , unless otherwise noted. Neptune trojan Neptune trojans are bodies that orbit the Sun near one of the stable Lagrangian points of Neptune, similar to the trojans of other planets. They therefore have approximately the same orbital period as Neptune and follow roughly the same orbital path. 22 Neptune trojans are currently known, of which 19 orbit near the Sun–Neptune Lagrangian point 60° ahead of Neptune and three orbit near Neptune's region 60° behind Neptune. The Neptune trojans","title":"Neptune trojan"},{"docid":"5888483","text":"either the Neptune's Oxygen is restored to full, or (if the Neptune currently has full Oxygen) the Neptune gets one extra Tank. The player is limited to six Tanks. In many cases, when the player reaches the screen where Zoom is located, Zoom will immediately attempt to swim off-screen, and the player must catch him before he escapes; if Zoom escapes the player this way, he will not respawn unless the player loses a Tank or reloads the game. Zoom does not appear in the Third Sector of Fossil Trench, nor the Final Sector. In the Final Sector, all enemies","title":"Operation Neptune (video game)"},{"docid":"159062","text":"the celatone. The method was used by Cassini and Picard to re-map France. Some models predict that there may have been several generations of Galilean satellites in Jupiter's early history. Each generation of moons to have formed would have spiraled into Jupiter and been destroyed, due to tidal interactions with Jupiter's proto-satellite disk, with new moons forming from the remaining debris. By the time the present generation formed, the gas in the proto-satellite disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. Other models suggest that Galilean satellites formed in a proto-satellite","title":"Galilean moons"},{"docid":"12303150","text":"with music journalist Touré, stating \"he wants is to get fat. He doesn’t want his braider braiding every nook and cranny of his hair. He doesn’t wanna have to have ripples in his stomach. He doesn’t want the pressure of being 'Untitled' the video\". Questlove ended by stating \"Had he known what the repercussions of 'Untitled' would've been, I don’t think he would've done it\". In February 2016, singer Jason Derulo released the video for his song \"Naked\". It features his naked torso reminiscent of D'Angelo's appearance in \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\". Credits adapted from album booklet liner notes.","title":"Untitled (How Does It Feel)"},{"docid":"19171722","text":"\"Livewire\" up to November 16, 2015. The episode attracted 1,021,000 viewers for its British premiere, making it the 2nd most watched programme on Sky One for the week. Jeff Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called the episode a \"dud\". Cliff Wheatley of IGN gave the episode a 4.5 out of 10, saying, “'How Does She Do It?' is a pretty dull episode of television by any standard, and unfortunately Benoist and a few funny lines aren’t enough to save it. There are too many characters getting a lot of screen time (and Cat not getting enough) without enough presence to keep","title":"How Does She Do It?"},{"docid":"3776403","text":"manipulated in my own music.\" Tracks 1–2, 4–9 and 11–15 feature music composed by Enya. All songs produced by Nicky Ryan. All lyrics written by Roma Ryan except for \"How Can I Keep from Singing?\", a Christian shaker hymn written by Robert Lowry, and \"Marble Halls\", a traditional opera song. Credits are adapted from the 1991 CD liner notes. Musicians Production Notes Citations Shepherd Moons Shepherd Moons is the third studio album by Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, released on 4 November 1991 by Warner Music. After the unexpected critical and commercial success of her previous album \"Watermark\" in","title":"Shepherd Moons"},{"docid":"3776402","text":"\"Angeles\" and \"Caribbean Blue\" as highlight tracks along with her Gaelic singing. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Ned Raggett rated the album four-and-a-half stars out of five. In 1993, Enya was awarded a Grammy Award for Best New Age Album for \"Shepherd Moons\". She also won a IFPI Platinum European Award, a \"Billboard\" Music Award, and a National Association of Recording Merchandisers Award for Best Selling Album. Saxophonist Colin Stetson credited \"Shepherd Moons\" as an influence on his album \"All This I Do for Glory\" (2017). He said the Enya album \"made me think about how the air is","title":"Shepherd Moons"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431486\",\n \"text\": \"moons of Jupiter. Two asteroids share the same names as moons of Neptune: 74 Galatea and 1162 Larissa. The moons of Neptune can be divided into two groups: regular and irregular. The first group includes the seven inner moons, which follow circular prograde orbits lying in the equatorial plane of Neptune. The second group consists of all seven other moons including Triton. They generally follow inclined eccentric and often retrograde orbits far from Neptune; the only exception is Triton, which orbits close to the planet following a circular orbit, though retrograde and inclined. In order of distance from Neptune, the\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431499\",\n \"text\": \"would have been destroyed in the process of capture. Triton's orbit upon capture would have been highly eccentric, and would have caused chaotic perturbations in the orbits of the original inner Neptunian satellites, causing them to collide and reduce to a disc of rubble. This means it is likely that Neptune's present inner satellites are not the original bodies that formed with Neptune. Only after Triton's orbit became circularised could some of the rubble re-accrete into the present-day regular moons. This great perturbation may possibly be the reason why the satellite system of Neptune does not follow the 10,000:1 ratio\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431487\",\n \"text\": \"regular moons are Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Neptune XIV, and Proteus. All but the outer two are within Neptune-synchronous orbit (Neptune's rotational period is 0.6713 day) and thus are being tidally decelerated. Naiad, the closest regular moon, is also the second smallest among the inner moons (following the discovery of Neptune XIV), whereas Proteus is the largest regular moon and the second largest moon of Neptune. The inner moons are closely associated with Neptune's rings. The two innermost satellites, Naiad and Thalassa, orbit between the Galle and LeVerrier rings. Despina may be a shepherd moon of the LeVerrier ring,\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431497\",\n \"text\": \"orbit Neptune at an average of 125 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. Neptune has the largest Hill sphere in the Solar System, owing primarily to its large distance from the Sun; this allows it to retain control of such distant moons. Nevertheless, Jupiter's S/2003 J 2 orbits at the greatest percentage of the primary's Hill radius of all the moons in the Solar System on average, and the Jovian moons in the Carme and Pasiphae groups orbit at a greater percentage of their primary's Hill radius than Psamathe and Neso. The mass distribution of the Neptunian moons\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431490\",\n \"text\": \"geometric albedo ranges from 7 to 10%. Their spectra indicate that they are made from water ice contaminated by some very dark material, probably complex organic compounds. In this respect, the inner Neptunian moons are similar to the inner Uranian moons. In order of their distance from the planet, the irregular moons are Triton, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe, and Neso, a group that includes both prograde and retrograde objects. The five outermost moons are similar to the irregular moons of other giant planets, and are thought to have been gravitationally captured by Neptune, unlike the regular satellites, which probably\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431482\",\n \"text\": \"thirteen. Follow-up surveys by two teams in 2002 and 2003 respectively re-observed all five of these moons, which are Halimede, Sao, Psamathe, Laomedeia, and Neso. A sixth candidate moon was also found in the 2002 survey and was lost thereafter: it may have been a centaur instead of a satellite, although its small amount of motion relative to Neptune over a month suggests that it was indeed a satellite. It was estimated to have a diameter of 33 km and to have been about 25.1 million km (0.168 AU) from Neptune when it was found. Mark Showalter discovered Neptune XIV\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431481\",\n \"text\": \"a star's close approach to Neptune, looking for rings similar to those discovered around Uranus four years earlier. If rings were present, the star's luminosity would decrease slightly just before the planet's closest approach. The star's luminosity dipped only for several seconds, which meant that it was due to a moon rather than a ring. No further moons were found until \\\"Voyager 2\\\" flew by Neptune in 1989. \\\"Voyager 2\\\" rediscovered Larissa and discovered five inner moons: Naiad, Thalassa, Despina, Galatea and Proteus. In 2001 two surveys using large ground-based telescopes found five additional outer moons, bringing the total to\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431484\",\n \"text\": \"due to its dimness. Triton did not have an official name until the twentieth century. The name \\\"Triton\\\" was suggested by Camille Flammarion in his 1880 book \\\"Astronomie Populaire\\\", but it did not come into common use until at least the 1930s. Until this time it was usually simply known as \\\"the satellite of Neptune\\\". Other moons of Neptune are also named for Greek and Roman water gods, in keeping with Neptune's position as god of the sea: either from Greek mythology, usually children of Poseidon, the Greek Neptune (Triton, Proteus, Despina, Thalassa); lovers of Poseidon (Larissa); classes of minor\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7479665\",\n \"text\": \"The next day, the King fears she'll see the moon in the sky and realize that the necklace is a forgery. He consults the wisest men in his court, who propose outrageous schemes to prevent her from seeing it in the sky. Ultimately, the jester visits the princess, who is fondly gazing at the newly-risen moon. He asks her how the moon can be in two places, and she tells him the moon always grows back: like a child's tooth, a unicorn's horn, or flowers. Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383578\",\n \"text\": \"to have caused it. Five new irregular moons discovered between 2002 and 2003 were announced in 2004. A new moon and the smallest yet, Neptune XIV, was found in 2013. Because Neptune was the Roman god of the sea, Neptune's moons have been named after lesser sea gods. Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune,\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431500\",\n \"text\": \"of mass between the parent planet and all its moons seen in the satellite systems of all the other giant planets. The mechanism of Triton’s capture has been the subject of several theories over the years. One of them postulates that Triton was captured in a three-body encounter. In this scenario, Triton is the surviving member of a binary Kuiper belt object disrupted by its encounter with Neptune. Numerical simulations show that there is a 0.41 probability that the moon Halimede collided with Nereid at some time in the past. Although it is not known whether any collision has taken\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17431540\",\n \"text\": \"it during its 1989 flyby, due to its dimness. Given that the relevant images have long been available to the public, the discovery could have been made by anyone. Neptune XIV is the first moon of Neptune to be discovered since September 2003, when Psamathe was discovered. Neptune's largest moon, Triton, has a retrograde and inclined orbit. It is hypothesized that Neptune captured it from the Kuiper belt well after Neptune's original satellite system formed. The pre-existing moons' orbits would have been shifted by this event, leading to the ejection of some moons and the collisional destruction of others. Neptune's\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune XIV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431491\",\n \"text\": \"formed \\\"in situ\\\". Triton and Nereid are unusual irregular satellites and are thus treated separately from the other five irregular Neptunian moons, which are more like the outer irregular satellites of the other outer planets. Firstly, they are the largest two known irregular moons in the Solar System, with Triton being almost an order of magnitude larger than all other known irregular moons. Secondly, they both have atypically small semi-major axes, with Triton's being over an order of magnitude smaller than those of all other known irregular moons. Thirdly, they both have unusual orbital eccentricities: Nereid has one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7479662\",\n \"text\": \"Many Moons Many Moons is a children's picture book written by James Thurber and illustrated by Louis Slobodkin. It was published by Harcourt, Brace & Company in 1943 and won the Caldecott Medal in 1944. Princess Lenore becomes ill, and only one thing will make her better: the moon. Unlike much of Thurber's other work, including \\\"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\\\" and his fables, this story shows a crisis between males and females that ends happily for all. Despite winning the Caldecott Medal with Slobodkin's original illustrations, a reprint in 1990 by Harcourt featured the text accompanied by new\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12522759\",\n \"text\": \"by marrying 60's swing with hip-hop undertones ... This sounds very much like an OutKast song - with an unconventional beat that seems hard to catch in places, but sticks a couple of minutes in. The song oozes originality and Janelle's operatic runs are hot. So many different genres and styles get fused into this song, yet they all unify so well.\\\" Many Moons (song) \\\"Many Moons\\\" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the \\\"\\\" album. It was number 47 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17431541\",\n \"text\": \"present inner satellites are thought to have then accreted from the resulting rubble after Triton's orbit was circularized by tidal deceleration. Neptune XIV is assumed to resemble Neptune's other inner satellites in having a surface as dark as \\\"dirty asphalt\\\". Their geometrical albedos range from 0.07 to 0.10. Neptune XIV's apparent magnitude of 26.5 would then give it a diameter of 16 to 20 kilometres, making it the smallest of Neptune's known moons. The near-infrared spectra of Neptune's rings and inner moons have been examined with the HST NICMOS instrument. Similar dark, reddish material, characteristic of small outer Solar System\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune XIV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214833\",\n \"text\": \"also played guitar for Sharon van Etten, who was under the same management with Real Estate. \\\"Many Moons\\\" received large acclaim from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 16 reviews, which indicates \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Marc Hogan of Pitchfork Media gave the album a 7.0 out of 10, exclaiming, \\\"\\\"Many Moons\\\" works as a remarkably cohesive album, meandering its way across themes of past and present to a state of aching clarity that's modest, but no less genuine\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12522757\",\n \"text\": \"Many Moons (song) \\\"Many Moons\\\" is a 2008 song by American singer Janelle Monáe, included on the \\\"\\\" album. It was number 47 on \\\"Rolling Stone\\\"s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. The song was also nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance at the 51st Grammy Awards. The song's opening section, which involves a refrain of \\\"voodoo,\\\" borrows both musically and lyrically from the Pinball Number Count song from Sesame Street, which was performed by The Pointer Sisters. The video, which Monáe promoted as a short film, takes place at the Annual Android Auction in the fictional city of\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431479\",\n \"text\": \"small regular satellites, all of which have prograde orbits in planes that lie close to Neptune's equatorial plane; some of these orbit among Neptune's rings. The largest of them is Proteus. They were re-accreted from the rubble disc generated after Triton's capture after the Tritonian orbit became circular. Neptune also has six more outer irregular satellites other than Triton, including Nereid, whose orbits are much farther from Neptune and at high inclination: three of these have prograde orbits, while the remainder have retrograde orbits. In particular, Nereid has an unusually close and eccentric orbit for an irregular satellite, suggesting that\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431478\",\n \"text\": \"inclined relative to Neptune's equator, which suggests that it did not form in orbit around Neptune but was instead gravitationally captured by it. The next-largest irregular satellite in the Solar System, Saturn's moon Phoebe, has only 0.03% of Triton's mass. The capture of Triton, probably occurring some time after Neptune formed a satellite system, was a catastrophic event for Neptune's original satellites, disrupting their orbits so that they collided to form a rubble disc. Triton is massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium and to retain a thin atmosphere capable of forming clouds and hazes. Inward of Triton are seven\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383577\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Voyager 2\\\" discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25% the mass of Triton. Neptune's innermost four moons—Naiad, Thalassa, Despina and Galatea—orbit close enough to be within Neptune's rings. The next-farthest out, Larissa, was originally discovered in 1981 when it had occulted a star. This occultation had been attributed to ring arcs, but when \\\"Voyager 2\\\" observed Neptune in 1989, Larissa was found\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383587\",\n \"text\": \"the centre and tilted in a manner similar to the field around Uranus. Neptune's rotation period was determined using measurements of radio emissions and \\\"Voyager 2\\\" also showed that Neptune had a surprisingly active weather system. Six new moons were discovered, and the planet was shown to have more than one ring. The flyby also provided the first accurate measurement of Neptune's mass which was found to be 0.5 percent less than previously calculated. The new figure disproved the hypothesis that an undiscovered Planet X acted upon the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. After the \\\"Voyager 2\\\" flyby mission, the\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214836\",\n \"text\": \"of Consequence of Sound gave the album a favorable review, stating that, \\\"In the end, Many Moons appears exactly as advertised: an album that showcases many different faces of the same essential thing. These songs won’t spark any revelations with their musings on time and the subconscious, but they might just transport you to a place that feels like a pleasant dream — a place between places, if you will, like the titular locale of closer “Airport Bar”. It’s a place that values reflection over action, a place where figuring it all out just takes time, and time is limitless.\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383584\",\n \"text\": \"moons around the outer planet, among others. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered. From Earth, Neptune goes through apparent retrograde motion every 367 days, resulting in a looping motion against the background stars during each opposition. These loops carried it close to the 1846 discovery coordinates in April and July 2010 and again in October and November 2011. Observation of Neptune in the radio-frequency band shows that it is a source of both continuous emission and irregular bursts. Both sources are thought to originate from its rotating\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17431544\",\n \"text\": \"away from Larissa since then because the former two are outside Neptune-synchronous orbit (Neptune's rotational period is 0.6713 day) and are thus being tidally accelerated, while Larissa is within and is being tidally decelerated. When the moon was numbered as Neptune XIV, it remained without an official name. The discovery team plans to submit a name proposal to the International Astronomical Union based on a figure from Greco-Roman mythology with a relationship to Poseidon or Neptune, the god of the sea, consistent with the naming of other moons of Neptune. Among the names under consideration is Polyphemus, the gigantic one-eyed\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune XIV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431496\",\n \"text\": \"Nereid is only moderately elongated which disfavours forced precession of the rotation. The thermal model also indicates that the surface roughness of Nereid is very high, likely similar to the Saturnian moon Hyperion. Among the remaining irregular moons, Sao and Laomedeia follow prograde orbits, whereas Halimede, Psamathe and Neso follow retrograde orbits. Given the similarity of their orbits, it was suggested that Neso and Psamathe could have a common origin in the break-up of a larger moon. Psamathe and Neso have the largest orbits of any natural satellites discovered in the Solar system to date. They take 25 years to\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431488\",\n \"text\": \"because its orbit lies just inside this ring. The next moon, Galatea, orbits just inside the most prominent of Neptune's rings, the Adams ring. This ring is very narrow, with a width not exceeding 50 km, and has five embedded bright arcs. The gravity of Galatea helps confine the ring particles within a limited region in the radial direction, maintaining the narrow ring. Various resonances between the ring particles and Galatea may also have a role in maintaining the arcs. Only the two largest regular moons have been imaged with a resolution sufficient to discern their shapes and surface features.\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214834\",\n \"text\": \"for it.\\\" Dave Mix of Exclaim! praised the album for its simplicity, stating, \\\"\\\"Many Moons\\\" is another deceptively simple, cohesive statement from an artist who is becoming more accomplished with each release. Martin Courtney has expanded, however slightly, on the Real Estate sound while continuing to find beauty in the seemingly mundane.\\\" Jonathan Bernstein of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five stars, stating, \\\"As a vocalist, Courtney equally evokes Kurt Vile's listlessness and Doug Martsch's heroic exhaustion, switching from detached indie drawl to earnest rocker croon from one song to the next.\\\" Bernstein was more critical of\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19214830\",\n \"text\": \"to release a full album when the recording and touring for \\\"Atlas\\\" was complete. The album's material accrued sporadically from studio sessions across Brooklyn, New York between 2013 and 2015 with Taveniere and Courtney. The album's producer, Jarvis Taveniere, also plays on the album alongside Julian Lynch and Real Estate’s Matt Kallman. The album's songs are rounded out with orchestral arrangements. Courtney stated that \\\"Many Moons\\\" was named a solo album because he couldn't come up with band name for that he was satisfied with for Taveniere and himself. The album was recorded at Rear House in Brooklyn, New York\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12522758\",\n \"text\": \"Metropolis. During the auction, Monae's alter-ego Cindi Mayweather performs for the crowd, while the other androids walk down the catwalk, and are being bought off by the wealthiest of Metropolis, such as technology moguls, city officials, religious authorities, and crime lords, while each android costing billions of British Pounds, as were being used in the short film. She eventually performs so feverishly that she shorts out, and is taken away by Lady Maestra, Master of the ShowDroids (another alter-ego). The song received a positive critical reception. Random JPop wrote \\\"Many Moons\\\" follows in the footsteps of \\\"Violet Stars Happy Hunting\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431480\",\n \"text\": \"it may have once been a regular satellite that was significantly perturbed to its current position when Triton was captured. The two outermost Neptunian irregular satellites, Psamathe and Neso, have the largest orbits of any natural satellites discovered in the Solar System to date. Triton was discovered by William Lassell in 1846, just seventeen days after the discovery of Neptune. Nereid was discovered by Gerard P. Kuiper in 1949. The third moon, later named Larissa, was first observed by Harold J. Reitsema, William B. Hubbard, Larry A. Lebofsky and David J. Tholen on May 24, 1981. The astronomers were observing\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16580724\",\n \"text\": \"Solar eclipses on Neptune Solar eclipses on Neptune occur when any of the natural satellites of Neptune pass in front of the Sun as seen from the planet. For bodies which appear smaller in angular diameter than the Sun, the proper term would be a transit and bodies which are larger than the apparent size of the Sun, the proper term would be an occultation. All of Neptune's inner moons and Triton can eclipse the Sun as seen from Neptune. All other satellites of Neptune are too small and/or too distant to produce an umbra. From this distance, the Sun's\",\n \"title\": \"Solar eclipses on Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3776381\",\n \"text\": \"and elements of Celtic and New age music, though Enya believes her music does not belong in the latter genre. \\\"Shepherd Moons\\\" received generally positive reviews from critics and became a greater commercial success than \\\"Watermark\\\". It went to number one on the UK Albums Chart and peaked at number seventeen on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200 in the United States. The album was certified multi-platinum by the British Phonographic Industry and Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 1.2 million and five million copies, respectively. Between 1991 and 1994, Enya released four singles from \\\"Shepherd Moons\\\": \\\"Caribbean Blue\\\", \\\"How Can\",\n \"title\": \"Shepherd Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383582\",\n \"text\": \"be visible to the naked eye and can be outshone by Jupiter's Galilean moons, the dwarf planet Ceres and the asteroids 4 Vesta, 2 Pallas, 7 Iris, 3 Juno, and 6 Hebe. A telescope or strong binoculars will resolve Neptune as a small blue disk, similar in appearance to Uranus. Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of the \\\"Hubble Space Telescope\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383532\",\n \"text\": \"god Neptune's trident. Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3740561\",\n \"text\": \"six inner moons of Neptune, including the Adams ring shepherd Galatea. \\\"*A question mark means that the parameter is not known.\\\" Rings of Neptune The rings of Neptune consist primarily of five principal rings and were first discovered (as \\\"arcs\\\") on 22 July 1984 in Chile by Patrice Bouchet, Reinhold Häfner and Jean Manfroid at La Silla Observatory (ESO) during an observing program proposed by André Brahic and Bruno Sicardy from Paris Observatory, and at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory by F. Vilas and L.-R. Elicer for a program led by William Hubbard. They were eventually imaged in 1989 by the\",\n \"title\": \"Rings of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3740548\",\n \"text\": \"narrow, dusty ringlets and even fainter broad dusty rings. The rings of Neptune, like those of Uranus, are thought to be relatively young; their age is probably significantly less than that of the Solar System. Also, like those of Uranus, Neptune's rings probably resulted from the collisional fragmentation of onetime inner moons. Such events create moonlet belts, which act as the sources of dust for the rings. In this respect the rings of Neptune are similar to faint dusty bands observed by \\\"Voyager 2\\\" between the main rings of Uranus. The innermost ring of Neptune is called the \\\"Galle ring\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Rings of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6361402\",\n \"text\": \"if retrograde) of the Hill radius, the stable gravitational zone of Pluto's influence. For example, Psamathe orbits Neptune at 40% of the Hill radius. In the case of Pluto, only the inner 3% of the region where prograde orbits would be stable is occupied by satellites, and the region from Styx to Hydra is packed so tightly that there is little room for further moons with stable orbits. An intense search conducted by \\\"New Horizons\\\" confirmed that no moons larger than 4.5 km in diameter exist at the distances up to 180,000 km from Pluto (for smaller distances, this threshold\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Pluto\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3438790\",\n \"text\": \"for newly discovered Neptunian moons is to accord with these first two choices by naming them after Greek sea deities. Neptune XIV, the most recently discovered Neptunian moon, was given a Roman numeral but not a name. The name of Pluto's moon Charon was suggested by James W. Christy, its discoverer, soon after its discovery. The other four moons are named Hydra, Nix, Kerberos, and Styx. Charon, Hydra, Nix, and Kerberos are all characters in Greek mythology, with ties to Hades (the Greek equivalent of Pluto). Charon ferries the dead across the River Acheron, Hydra guards the waters of the\",\n \"title\": \"Naming of moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383588\",\n \"text\": \"next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been discussions to launch Neptune missions sooner. In 2003, there was a proposal in NASA's \\\"Vision Missions Studies\\\" for a \\\"Neptune Orbiter with Probes\\\" mission that does \\\"Cassini\\\"-level science. Another, more recent proposal was for \\\"Argo\\\", a flyby spacecraft to be launched in 2019, that would visit Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object. The focus would be on Neptune and its largest\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17431542\",\n \"text\": \"bodies, appears to be present on all their surfaces. The data is consistent with organic compounds containing C−H and/or C≡N bonds, but spectral resolution was inadequate to identify the molecules. Water ice, abundant in the outer Solar System, is believed to be present, but its spectral signature could not be observed (unlike the case of small Uranian moons). Neptune XIV completes one revolution around Neptune every 22 hours and 28.1 minutes (0.9362 days), implying a semi-major axis of , just over a quarter that of Earth's moon, and roughly twice the average radius of Neptune's rings. Both its inclination and\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune XIV\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2955853\",\n \"text\": \"the air and shouting a special phrase, originally \\\"Neptune Planet Power, Make-up!\\\" In the manga she eventually gains her Neptune Crystal and this phrase changes to evoke \\\"Neptune Crystal Power\\\". In the anime, although she \\\"does\\\" upgrade to Super Sailor Neptune, the Crystal is never mentioned and her transformation is never shown on screen after the upgrade. Sailor Neptune's powers are inspired by Roman mythology, where Neptune is the god of the sea. She draws energy from the \\\"deep waters\\\" and blasts it at her foes. She is given three major attacks in the series, and although they all have\",\n \"title\": \"Sailor Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10687967\",\n \"text\": \"but resulted in more distant flybys of both targets. On 25 August, in \\\"Voyager 2\\\" last planetary encounter, the spacecraft swooped only above Neptune's north pole, the closest approach it made to any body since it left Earth in 1977. When the spacecraft visited the Neptunian system, Neptune was the farthest known body in the Solar system. It was not until 1999, that Pluto was further from the Sun in its trajectory. \\\"Voyager 2\\\" studied Neptune's atmosphere, Neptune's rings, its magnetosphere, and Neptune's moons. The Neptunian system had been studied scientifically for many years with telescopes and indirect methods, but\",\n \"title\": \"Exploration of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3740539\",\n \"text\": \"C ring and the Cassini Division, but much of Neptune's ring system is quite tenuous, faint and dusty, more closely resembling the rings of Jupiter. Neptune's rings are named after astronomers who contributed important work on the planet: Galle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Adams. Neptune also has a faint unnamed ring coincident with the orbit of the moon Galatea. Three other moons orbit between the rings: Naiad, Thalassa and Despina. The rings of Neptune are made of extremely dark material, likely organic compounds processed by radiation, similar to that found in the rings of Uranus. The proportion of dust\",\n \"title\": \"Rings of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431498\",\n \"text\": \"is the most lopsided of the satellite systems of the giant planets in the Solar System. One moon, Triton, makes up nearly all of the mass of the system, with all other moons together comprising only one third of one percent. This is similar to the moon system of Saturn, where Titan makes up more than 95% of the total mass, but is different from the more balanced systems of Jupiter and Uranus. The reason for the lopsidedness of the present Neptunian system is that Triton was captured well after the formation of Neptune's original satellite system, much of which\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431489\",\n \"text\": \"Larissa, about 200 km in diameter, is elongated. Proteus is not significantly elongated, but not fully spherical either: it resembles an irregular polyhedron, with several flat or slightly concave facets 150 to 250 km in diameter. At about 400 km in diameter, it is larger than the Saturnian moon Mimas, which is fully ellipsoidal. This difference may be due to a past collisional disruption of Proteus. The surface of Proteus is heavily cratered and shows a number of linear features. Its largest crater, Pharos, is more than 150 km in diameter. All of Neptune's inner moons are dark objects: their\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"320168\",\n \"text\": \"in the planetary satellites of Jupiter and applying them to the outer planets. The three inner Galilean moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa and Ganymede, are locked in a complicated 1:2:4 resonance called a Laplace resonance. Ketakar suggested that Uranus, Neptune and his hypothetical trans-Neptunian planets were locked in Laplace-like resonances. His calculations predicted a mean distance for Brahma of 38.95 AU and an orbital period of 242.28 Earth years (3:4 resonance with Neptune). When Pluto was discovered 19 years later, its mean distance of 39.48 AU and orbital period of 248 Earth years were close to Ketakar's prediction (Pluto in\",\n \"title\": \"Planets beyond Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431485\",\n \"text\": \"Greek water deities (Naiad, Nereid); or specific Nereids (Halimede, Galatea, Neso, Sao, Laomedeia, Psamathe). The most recently discovered moon, Neptune XIV, was left unnamed on its official numbering, although its discoverers planned to submit a name continuing this tradition to the International Astronomical Union. Among the names that were considered was Polyphemus, the gigantic one-eyed son of Poseidon and Thoosa. For the \\\"normal\\\" irregular satellites, the general convention is to use names ending in \\\"a\\\" for prograde satellites, names ending in \\\"e\\\" for retrograde satellites, and names ending in \\\"o\\\" for exceptionally inclined satellites, exactly like the convention for the\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19171723\",\n \"text\": \"them interesting, storylines that we’re not invested in, and action that’s not exciting. This episode would have been better left unaired\\\". Stacy Glanzman of TV Fanatic gave the episode a 4.5 out of 5 stars. How Does She Do It? \\\"How Does She Do It?\\\" is the fourth episode in the first season of the CBS television series \\\"Supergirl\\\", which aired on November 23, 2015. It was written by Yahlin Chang and Ted Sullivan, and directed by Thor Freudenthal. The episode centers on Kara dealing with babysitting Cat Grant's son while on vacation while tackling a series of attempted bombings\",\n \"title\": \"How Does She Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265552\",\n \"text\": \"and a bling accessary\\\". Lil' Kim and Sisqó also exchange pick-up lines during the song. The chorus refers to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops (\\\"How many licks does it takes to get to the Tootsie Roll centre of a Tootsie Pop?\\\"), and ties sexuality to consumerism according to media studies professor Scott Wilson. For the track's remix, Lil' Kim associates her rapping abilities with oral sex: \\\"Ya neva seen this stroke of genius / [I] put tha cleanest, meanest lips on ya penis!\\\" She is also noted to popularize the word \\\"gangstress\\\" which she had previously used in \\\"Spend\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7479663\",\n \"text\": \"illustrations by Marc Simont. It was made into an opera by American composer, Celius Dougherty. It was also made into a play, adapted by Charlotte Chorpenning. Princess Lenore suffers from \\\"a surfeit of raspberry tarts\\\" — eating too many sweets. She insists she is gravely ill, but if her father brings her the moon she'll be well again. Her father, the king, asks the wisest men in his court how he can give his daughter the moon, and becomes outraged when they all claim that it is too large, too far away, and composed of unstable or dangerous substances. Despairing,\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265550\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" have a \\\"glossier and far more commercial\\\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2934469\",\n \"text\": \"being larger than Mercury. All other Jovian moons are less than in diameter, with most barely exceeding . Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined, and many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years). Jupiter's regular satellites are believed to have formed from a circumplanetary disk, a ring of accreting gas and solid debris analogous to a protoplanetary disk. They may be the remnants\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Jupiter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9877940\",\n \"text\": \"for the evolution of \\\"Homo mermanus\\\", and is still honored by the Atlanteans, unlike many Olympians who have little or no worshippers on Earth. Two millennia ago, Neptune destroyed an Atlantean cult of worshipers of Set. He later lived among the Atlanteans for many years as their protector. In modern times, Neptune sent Namor the Sub-Mariner on a quest for his trident in order to regain the Atlantean throne, appearing before him at various points. Neptune then appeared to the Atlanteans, and decreed Namor the true ruler of Atlantis. Neptune later advised Namor of the true destiny of Atlantis. Later,\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune (Marvel Comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265566\",\n \"text\": \"cover version of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", which Josh Middleton of the \\\"Philadelphia\\\" praised as \\\"outstanding\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\". How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431351\",\n \"text\": \"irregular moons have been identified using ground-based telescopes. Two more small inner moons, Cupid and Mab, were discovered using the Hubble Space Telescope in 2003. As of 2016, the moon Margaret was the last Uranian moon discovered, and its characteristics were published in October 2003. After Herschel discovered Titania and Oberon on January 11, 1787, he subsequently believed that he had observed four other moons: two on January 18 and February 9, 1790, and two more on February 28 and March 26, 1794. It was thus believed for many decades thereafter that Uranus had a system of six satellites, though\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Uranus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5644974\",\n \"text\": \"the Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dalí, with lyrical reference to another painting — Leonardo da Vinci's \\\"Mona Lisa\\\" — as well as New Orleans' Cabrini High School. Following the release of \\\"How Does Your Garden Grow?\\\", Elektra dropped the band. In 2013 the album was mixed into 5.1 surround sound from the original multitracks and released on DVD-Audio. How Does Your Garden Grow? How Does Your Garden Grow? is a 1998 album by American alternative rock trio Better Than Ezra. It was the band's fourth album, and their second with drummer Travis Aaron McNabb. It was released on August 25,\",\n \"title\": \"How Does Your Garden Grow?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303151\",\n \"text\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \\\"Voodoo\\\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303116\",\n \"text\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel) \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" is a song by American recording artist D'Angelo, released January 1, 2000 on Virgin Records in the United States. It was issued as a radio single in promotion of his second studio album, \\\"Voodoo\\\" (2000). Written and produced by D'Angelo and Raphael Saadiq, the song was originally composed as a tribute to musician Prince. \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\" contains a vintage style and sound similar to that of Prince's early musical work. The song's lyrics concern a man's plea to his lover for sex. The song received generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14444116\",\n \"text\": \"to complete The Moons line-up. The final single to come from the album late in 2012 was the song Something Soon. The song featured Paul Weller and completed the trilogy of collectors singles. A music video was made also featuring Weller and became a hot favourite to Moons fans and the indie scene. All of The Moons videos were made by director Joe Connor who had already worked with many bands such as The Courteeners, Band of Skulls and Paul Weller. Joe's work for The Moons undoubtedly give the band the perfect transition to screen. The Moons loyalty to Joe\",\n \"title\": \"The Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14985610\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"effective, almost ballad-like, single\\\" with \\\"effective vocals and tight licks\\\". In a review of the \\\"Slade in Flame\\\" album, \\\"Record Mirror\\\" said: \\\"\\\"How Does It Feel\\\" has a slower relaxed beat with grasping dramatic vocals delivered with as much feeling as Sir Larry's \\\"Richard III\\\".\\\" \\\"Disc\\\" said: \\\"For once Noddy's voice is allowed to take almost total precedence and the result is a poignant and unusual number.\\\" In a retrospective review of the album, Geoff Ginsberg of AllMusic commented: \\\"From the opening number, \\\"How Does It Feel,\\\" Slade sets a different tone\\\". How Does It Feel (Slade song) \\\"How Does\",\n \"title\": \"How Does It Feel (Slade song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2934466\",\n \"text\": \"Moons of Jupiter There are 79 known moons of Jupiter. This gives Jupiter the largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius and were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Jupiter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383541\",\n \"text\": \"does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier for the discovery of Neptune. That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it.\\\" Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as \\\"the planet exterior to Uranus\\\" or as \\\"Le Verrier's planet\\\". The first suggestion for a name came from Galle, who proposed the name \\\"Janus\\\". In England, Challis put forward the name \\\"Oceanus\\\". Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name \\\"Neptune\\\" for this new planet, though falsely stating that\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12383572\",\n \"text\": \"The 3:4, 3:5, 4:7 and 2:5 resonances are less populated. Neptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune and Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stable in their orbits, and are likely to have formed alongside Neptune rather than being captured. The first object identified as associated with Neptune's trailing Lagrangian point was . Neptune also has a temporary quasi-satellite, . The object has been a quasi-satellite of Neptune for about 12,500\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"159077\",\n \"text\": \"history. Each generation of moons would have spiraled into Jupiter, due to drag from the disk, with new moons then forming from the new debris captured from the Solar nebula. By the time the present (possibly fifth) generation formed, the disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. The current Galilean moons were still affected, falling into and being partially protected by an orbital resonance which still exists for Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Ganymede's larger mass means that it would have migrated inward at a faster rate than Europa or Io.\",\n \"title\": \"Galilean moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431346\",\n \"text\": \"Moons of Uranus Uranus is the seventh planet of the Solar System; it has 27 known moons, all of which are named after characters from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. Uranus's moons are divided into three groups: thirteen inner moons, five major moons, and nine irregular moons. The inner moons are small dark bodies that share common properties and origins with Uranus's rings. The five major moons are massive enough to have reached hydrostatic equilibrium, and four of them show signs of internally driven processes such as canyon formation and volcanism on their surfaces. The largest of\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Uranus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8265545\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466866\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Many Fucks\\\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \\\"sexy\\\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \\\"risqué\\\" outfits. \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \\\"Daily Mail\\\" stated that the single would likely \\\"lift her from relative obscurity\\\" and joked that the lyrics \\\"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\\\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" is a pop rap\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466865\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17736986\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \\\"How Many Birds\\\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11647283\",\n \"text\": \"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \\\"American Idol\\\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11647282\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14444110\",\n \"text\": \"the album received great praise and earnt many fans, Crofts felt the album could have been musically better and less rushed. In between shows and tours, The Moons played live Radio shows for the BBC with Janice Long and Mark Lamarr and played In-Store shows at Oxford Street HMV and Carnaby Street. A highlight of the year was their support slot for Ocean Colour Scene at the Royal Albert Hall in October. The Moons spent the rest of the year demo-ing song towards their second album with Edwyn Collins and Seb Lewsley at Westheath Yard studios, London. While taking time\",\n \"title\": \"The Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19466870\",\n \"text\": \"Housewives of Beverly Hills\\\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living\",\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2934677\",\n \"text\": \"with the rings, comprise only 0.04%. Although the boundaries may be somewhat vague, Saturn's moons can be divided into ten groups according to their orbital characteristics. Many of them, such as Pan and Daphnis, orbit within Saturn's ring system and have orbital periods only slightly longer than the planet's rotation period. The innermost moons and most regular satellites all have mean orbital inclinations ranging from less than a degree to about 1.5 degrees (except Iapetus, which has an inclination of 7.57 degrees) and small orbital eccentricities. On the other hand, irregular satellites in the outermost regions of Saturn's moon system,\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Saturn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4805927\",\n \"text\": \"is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register. Navigation aids have been located on islands within the Neptune Islands Group since the early 20th century. A light mounted on a tower located on the largest island in the northern group commenced operation in 1983 and was removed during the year 2002-2003. The need for a lighthouse in the Neptune Islands was considered for many years during the 19th century due to the Islands’ relatively low elevation. In 1901, the light tower from the Port Adelaide Entrance light was relocated to South Neptune Island. This was eventually replaced by a new\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2934663\",\n \"text\": \"Moons of Saturn The moons of Saturn are numerous and diverse, ranging from tiny moonlets less than 1 kilometer across to the enormous Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury. Saturn has 62 moons with confirmed orbits, 53 of which have names and only 13 of which have diameters larger than 50 kilometers, as well as dense rings with complex orbital motions of their own. Seven Saturnian moons are large enough to be ellipsoidal in shape, yet only two of those, Titan and Rhea, are currently in hydrostatic equilibrium. Particularly notable among Saturn's moons are Titan, the second-largest moon\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Saturn\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11514112\",\n \"text\": \"of the Road Festival programme that the band's initial ambition was to have one of their songs played at HDIF. She later revealed: \\\"This club inspired a lot of our songs, including 'Dreaming' and 'Polaroid Song'.\\\" After a break of three years, the HDIF label was revived in 2013, with the release of the debut album by Haiku Salut, titled \\\"Tricolore\\\". The label released Haiku Salut's second album, \\\"Etch and Etch Deep\\\", in 2015. How Does It Feel to Be Loved? How Does It Feel to Be Loved? (often abbreviated to HDIF) is a London-based nightclub which predominately plays indie\",\n \"title\": \"How Does It Feel to Be Loved?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7479664\",\n \"text\": \"the king confides in his court jester. The jester then asks the princess what \\\"she\\\" thinks the moon is made of, how big it is, and how far away. According to the princess, the moon is as big as her thumbnail and made of gold. She says it's so close that he could climb a tree and pluck it from the sky. He promises to do just that, that very night. Instead, the jester takes the princess's specifications to royal goldsmith, who creates a necklace with a moon-like pendant. It is presented to the princess and she becomes well again.\",\n \"title\": \"Many Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20010980\",\n \"text\": \"How Does a Moment Last Forever \\\"How Does a Moment Last Forever\\\" is a song written by lyricist Tim Rice and composer Alan Menken for the Disney live action film \\\"Beauty and the Beast\\\" (2017), a remake of the animated musical of the same name. This Broadway-inspired ballad is performed in the movie by American actor Kevin Kline in his role as Maurice. It describes the relationship between his character and that of his wife, Belle's deceased mother. Later in the film, Belle (Emma Watson) performs the song as she discovers the truth about her mother's fate. \\\"How Does a\",\n \"title\": \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3431363\",\n \"text\": \"a circular path about 15 degrees in diameter in the sky, and never set. As of 2005 Uranus is known to have nine irregular moons, which orbit it at a distance much greater than that of Oberon, the furthest of the large moons. All the irregular moons are probably captured objects that were trapped by Uranus soon after its formation. The diagram illustrates the orbits of those irregular moons discovered so far. The moons above the X axis are prograde, those beneath are retrograde. The radius of the Uranian Hill sphere is approximately 73 million km. Uranus's irregular moons range\",\n \"title\": \"Moons of Uranus\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6372780\",\n \"text\": \"from the list of Neptune trojans maintained by the IAU Minor Planet Center and with diameters from Sheppard and Trujillo's paper on , unless otherwise noted. Neptune trojan Neptune trojans are bodies that orbit the Sun near one of the stable Lagrangian points of Neptune, similar to the trojans of other planets. They therefore have approximately the same orbital period as Neptune and follow roughly the same orbital path. 22 Neptune trojans are currently known, of which 19 orbit near the Sun–Neptune Lagrangian point 60° ahead of Neptune and three orbit near Neptune's region 60° behind Neptune. The Neptune trojans\",\n \"title\": \"Neptune trojan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5888483\",\n \"text\": \"either the Neptune's Oxygen is restored to full, or (if the Neptune currently has full Oxygen) the Neptune gets one extra Tank. The player is limited to six Tanks. In many cases, when the player reaches the screen where Zoom is located, Zoom will immediately attempt to swim off-screen, and the player must catch him before he escapes; if Zoom escapes the player this way, he will not respawn unless the player loses a Tank or reloads the game. Zoom does not appear in the Third Sector of Fossil Trench, nor the Final Sector. In the Final Sector, all enemies\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Neptune (video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"159062\",\n \"text\": \"the celatone. The method was used by Cassini and Picard to re-map France. Some models predict that there may have been several generations of Galilean satellites in Jupiter's early history. Each generation of moons to have formed would have spiraled into Jupiter and been destroyed, due to tidal interactions with Jupiter's proto-satellite disk, with new moons forming from the remaining debris. By the time the present generation formed, the gas in the proto-satellite disk had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons' orbits. Other models suggest that Galilean satellites formed in a proto-satellite\",\n \"title\": \"Galilean moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12303150\",\n \"text\": \"with music journalist Touré, stating \\\"he wants is to get fat. He doesn’t want his braider braiding every nook and cranny of his hair. He doesn’t wanna have to have ripples in his stomach. He doesn’t want the pressure of being 'Untitled' the video\\\". Questlove ended by stating \\\"Had he known what the repercussions of 'Untitled' would've been, I don’t think he would've done it\\\". In February 2016, singer Jason Derulo released the video for his song \\\"Naked\\\". It features his naked torso reminiscent of D'Angelo's appearance in \\\"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\\\". Credits adapted from album booklet liner notes.\",\n \"title\": \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19171722\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Livewire\\\" up to November 16, 2015. The episode attracted 1,021,000 viewers for its British premiere, making it the 2nd most watched programme on Sky One for the week. Jeff Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" called the episode a \\\"dud\\\". Cliff Wheatley of IGN gave the episode a 4.5 out of 10, saying, “'How Does She Do It?' is a pretty dull episode of television by any standard, and unfortunately Benoist and a few funny lines aren’t enough to save it. There are too many characters getting a lot of screen time (and Cat not getting enough) without enough presence to keep\",\n \"title\": \"How Does She Do It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3776403\",\n \"text\": \"manipulated in my own music.\\\" Tracks 1–2, 4–9 and 11–15 feature music composed by Enya. All songs produced by Nicky Ryan. All lyrics written by Roma Ryan except for \\\"How Can I Keep from Singing?\\\", a Christian shaker hymn written by Robert Lowry, and \\\"Marble Halls\\\", a traditional opera song. Credits are adapted from the 1991 CD liner notes. Musicians Production Notes Citations Shepherd Moons Shepherd Moons is the third studio album by Irish singer, songwriter and musician Enya, released on 4 November 1991 by Warner Music. After the unexpected critical and commercial success of her previous album \\\"Watermark\\\" in\",\n \"title\": \"Shepherd Moons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3776402\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Angeles\\\" and \\\"Caribbean Blue\\\" as highlight tracks along with her Gaelic singing. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Ned Raggett rated the album four-and-a-half stars out of five. In 1993, Enya was awarded a Grammy Award for Best New Age Album for \\\"Shepherd Moons\\\". She also won a IFPI Platinum European Award, a \\\"Billboard\\\" Music Award, and a National Association of Recording Merchandisers Award for Best Selling Album. Saxophonist Colin Stetson credited \\\"Shepherd Moons\\\" as an influence on his album \\\"All This I Do for Glory\\\" (2017). He said the Enya album \\\"made me think about how the air is\",\n \"title\": \"Shepherd Moons\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":283,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"284"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What galaxy is closest to the milky way?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"5929235","text":"for stars at the outer edge of the Milky Way. Because the orbital velocity depends on the total mass inside the orbital radius, this suggests that the Milky Way is more massive, roughly equaling the mass of Andromeda Galaxy at 7 within of its center. In 2010, a measurement of the radial velocity of halo stars found that the mass enclosed within 80 kiloparsecs is 7 . According to a study published in 2014, the mass of the entire Milky Way is estimated to be 8.5 , but this is actually only half the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy. Much","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"9122002","text":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 5 billion years between two galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide. Some stars will be ejected from the resulting galaxy, nicknamed \"Milkomeda\" or \"Milkdromeda\". The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about as indicated by blueshift. However, the lateral velocity is very difficult to measure with a precision to draw reasonable conclusions:","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"5929283","text":"or vibration set up by the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as they orbit the Milky Way, causing vibrations when they pass through its edges. Previously, these two galaxies, at around 2% of the mass of the Milky Way, were considered too small to influence the Milky Way. However, in a computer model, the movement of these two galaxies creates a dark matter wake that amplifies their influence on the larger Milky Way. Current measurements suggest the Andromeda Galaxy is approaching us at . In 3 to 4 billion years, there may be an Andromeda–Milky Way collision, depending on the","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"9122005","text":"the Triangulum Galaxy—the third-largest and third-brightest galaxy of the Local Group—will participate in the collision event, too. Its most likely fate is to end up orbiting the merger remnant of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies and finally to merge with it in an even more distant future. However, a collision with the Milky Way, before it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy, or an ejection from the Local Group cannot be ruled out. While the Andromeda Galaxy contains about 1 trillion () stars and the Milky Way contains about 300 billion (3), the chance of even two stars colliding is","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"5929273","text":"Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. In fact, measurements of other galaxies similar to the Milky Way suggest it is among the reddest and brightest spiral galaxies that are still forming new stars and it is just slightly bluer than the bluest red sequence galaxies. Globular clusters are among the oldest objects in the Milky Way, which thus set a lower limit on the age of the Milky Way. The ages of individual stars in the Milky Way can be estimated by measuring the abundance of long-lived radioactive elements such as thorium-232 and uranium-238, then comparing the results to estimates of","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929234","text":"quarter (), the Milky Way would be approximately the size of the contiguous United States. There is a ring-like filament of stars rippling above and below the relatively flat galactic plane, wrapping around the Milky Way at a diameter of , which may be part of the Milky Way itself. Estimates of the mass of the Milky Way vary, depending upon the method and data used. The low end of the estimate range is 5.8 solar masses (), somewhat less than that of the Andromeda Galaxy. Measurements using the Very Long Baseline Array in 2009 found velocities as large as","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929247","text":"distinct bars, one nestled within the other. However, RR Lyrae variables do not trace a prominent Galactic bar. The bar may be surrounded by a ring called the \"5-kpc ring\" that contains a large fraction of the molecular hydrogen present in the Milky Way, as well as most of the Milky Way's star formation activity. Viewed from the Andromeda Galaxy, it would be the brightest feature of the Milky Way. X-ray emission from the core is aligned with the massive stars surrounding the central bar and the Galactic ridge. In 2010, two gigantic spherical bubbles of high energy emission were","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"9122012","text":"showing less stellar density than current elliptical galaxies. It is, however, possible the resulting object will be a large disk galaxy, depending on the amount of remaining gas in the Milky Way and Andromeda. In the far future, roughly 150 billion years from now, the remaining galaxies of the Local Group will coalesce into this object, that being the next evolutionary stage of the local group of galaxies. Andromeda–Milky Way collision The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 5 billion years between two galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"5929271","text":"Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, through the Magellanic Stream. Direct accretion of gas is observed in high-velocity clouds like the Smith Cloud. However, properties of the Milky Way such as stellar mass, angular momentum, and metallicity in its outermost regions suggest it has undergone no mergers with large galaxies in the last 10 billion years. This lack of recent major mergers is unusual among similar spiral galaxies; its neighbour the Andromeda Galaxy appears to have a more typical history shaped by more recent mergers with relatively large galaxies. According to recent studies, the Milky Way as well as the Andromeda","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929297","text":"on average, 10 magnitudes fainter than those that occurred within the Milky Way. As a result, he was able to come up with a distance estimate of 150,000 parsecs. He became a proponent of the \"island universes\" hypothesis, which held that the spiral nebulae were actually independent galaxies. In 1920 the Great Debate took place between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the Universe. To support his claim that the Great Andromeda Nebula is an external galaxy, Curtis noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"9122004","text":"between 2002 and 2010 with sub-pixel accuracy. Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to be much smaller than the speed of approach and therefore it is expected that it will directly collide with the Milky Way in around four billion years. Such collisions are relatively common, considering galaxies' long lifespans. Andromeda, for example, is believed to have collided with at least one other galaxy in the past, and several dwarf galaxies such as Sgr dSph are currently colliding with the Milky Way and being merged into it. The studies also suggest that M33,","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"5929286","text":"the Great Attractor and other galaxy clusters, including the Shapley supercluster, behind it. The Local Group (a cluster of gravitationally bound galaxies containing, among others, the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy) is part of a supercluster called the Local Supercluster, centered near the Virgo Cluster: although they are moving away from each other at as part of the Hubble flow, this velocity is less than would be expected given the 16.8 million pc distance due to the gravitational attraction between the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster. Another reference frame is provided by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"807474","text":"is now in a relative state of quiescence, whereas the Milky Way is experiencing more active star formation. Should this continue, the luminosity of the Milky Way may eventually overtake that of Andromeda Galaxy. According to recent studies, the Andromeda Galaxy lies in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the \"green valley\", a region populated by galaxies like the Milky Way in transition from the \"blue cloud\" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the \"red sequence\" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas","title":"Andromeda Galaxy"},{"docid":"5929279","text":"The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are a binary system of giant spiral galaxies belonging to a group of 50 closely bound galaxies known as the Local Group, surrounded by a Local Void, itself being part of the Virgo Supercluster. Surrounding the Virgo Supercluster are a number of voids, devoid of many galaxies, the Microscopium Void to the \"north\", the Sculptor Void to the \"left\", the Bootes Void to the \"right\" and the Canes-Major Void to the South. These voids change shape over time, creating filamentous structures of galaxies. The Virgo Supercluster, for instance, is being drawn towards the","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929238","text":"to detect, especially at distances of more than from the Sun. As a comparison, the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy contains an estimated one trillion (10) stars. The Milky Way may also contain perhaps ten billion white dwarfs, a billion neutron stars, and a hundred million black holes. Filling the space between the stars is a disk of gas and dust called the interstellar medium. This disk has at least a comparable extent in radius to the stars, whereas the thickness of the gas layer ranges from hundreds of light years for the colder gas to thousands of light years for warmer","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"807455","text":"Milky Way Galaxy (~0.8-1.5 solar masses vs the Milky Way's 8.5 solar masses), though a 2018 study found that the Andromeda Galaxy's mass is roughly the same as the Milky Way's. The Andromeda Galaxy, spanning approximately 220,000 light-years, is the largest galaxy in our Local Group, which is also home to the Triangulum Galaxy and other minor galaxies. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in ~4.5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a large disc galaxy. With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier","title":"Andromeda Galaxy"},{"docid":"9122011","text":"current luminosity). When two spiral galaxies collide, the hydrogen present on their disks is compressed, producing strong star formation as can be seen on interacting systems like the Antennae Galaxies. In the case of the Andromeda–Milky Way collision, it is believed that there will be little gas remaining in the disks of both galaxies, so the mentioned starburst will be relatively weak, though it still may be enough to form a quasar. The galaxy product of the collision has been nicknamed \"Milkomeda\" or \"Milkdromeda\". According to simulations, this object will look like a giant elliptical galaxy, but with a centre","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"807469","text":"1.5 trillion solar masses) compared to for the Milky Way. This contradicts earlier measurements, that seem to indicate that Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are almost equal in mass. Even so, Andromeda Galaxy's spheroid actually has a higher stellar density than that of the Milky Way and its galactic stellar disk is about twice the size of that of the Milky Way. The total stellar mass of Andromeda Galaxy is estimated to be between ., (i.e., around twice as massive as that of the Milky Way) and , with around 30% of that mass in the central bulge, 56%","title":"Andromeda Galaxy"},{"docid":"807473","text":"suggests an absolute magnitude (in the blue) of −20.89 (that with a color index of +0.63 translates to an absolute visual magnitude of −21.52, compared to −20.9 for the Milky Way), and a total luminosity in that wavelength of . The rate of star formation in the Milky Way is much higher, with Andromeda Galaxy producing only about one solar mass per year compared to 3–5 solar masses for the Milky Way. The rate of novae in the Milky Way is also double that of Andromeda Galaxy. This suggests that the latter once experienced a great star formation phase, but","title":"Andromeda Galaxy"},{"docid":"1618458","text":"being independent galactic systems of gas and dust, rather than just nebulae in the Milky Way. With a diameter of about 60,000 light-years, the Triangulum galaxy is the third largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, roughly 40% the size of the Milky Way. It may be a gravitationally bound companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. (See below.) Triangulum may be home to 40 billion stars, compared to 400 billion for the Milky Way, and 1 trillion stars for Andromeda Galaxy. The disk of Triangulum has an estimated mass of solar masses, while the gas component is about solar masses.","title":"Triangulum Galaxy"},{"docid":"1618475","text":"it much later. Two other possibilities are a collision with the Milky Way before the Andromeda Galaxy arrives or an ejection out of the Local Group. Triangulum Galaxy The Triangulum Galaxy is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light-years (ly) from Earth in the constellation Triangulum. It is catalogued as Messier 33 or NGC 598. The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, behind the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. It is one of the most distant permanent objects that can be viewed with the naked eye. The galaxy is the smallest spiral galaxy","title":"Triangulum Galaxy"},{"docid":"9122007","text":"from the merging galaxies would collide. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies each contain a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), these being Sagittarius A* (ca. ) and an object within the P2 concentration of Andromeda's nucleus (). These black holes will converge near the centre of the newly formed galaxy over a period that may take millions of years, due to a process is known as dynamical friction: As the SMBHs move relative to the surrounding cloud of much less massive stars, gravitational interactions lead to a net transfer of orbital energy from the SMBHs to the stars, causing the","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"17965811","text":"of volume. The image was a part of the commission from Philip IV of Spain to decorate Torre de la Parada. Rubens also painted other Greco-Roman mythological subjects, such as \"Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion\" or \"Perseus Freeing Andromeda\". The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens) The Origin of the Milky Way, or The Birth of the Milky Way, is a painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, featuring the Greco-Roman myth of the origin of the Milky Way. The painting depicts Hera (Juno), spilling her breast milk, the infant Heracles (Hercules) and Zeus (Jupiter) in the background, identifiable","title":"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens)"},{"docid":"9122003","text":"a lateral speed of only 7.7 km/s would mean that the Andromeda Galaxy is moving toward a point 177,800 light-years to the side of the Milky Way ((7.7 km/s) / (110 km/s) × (2,540,000 ly)), and such a speed over an eight-year timeframe amounts to only 1/3,000th of a Hubble Space Telescope pixel (Hubble's resolution≈0.05 arcsec: (7.7 km/s)/(300,000 km/s)×(8 y)/(2,540,000 ly)×180°/π×3600 = 0.000017 arcsec). Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not. In 2012, researchers concluded that the collision is sure using Hubble to track the motion of stars in Andromeda","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929235\",\n \"text\": \"for stars at the outer edge of the Milky Way. Because the orbital velocity depends on the total mass inside the orbital radius, this suggests that the Milky Way is more massive, roughly equaling the mass of Andromeda Galaxy at 7 within of its center. In 2010, a measurement of the radial velocity of halo stars found that the mass enclosed within 80 kiloparsecs is 7 . According to a study published in 2014, the mass of the entire Milky Way is estimated to be 8.5 , but this is actually only half the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy. Much\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122002\",\n \"text\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 5 billion years between two galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide. Some stars will be ejected from the resulting galaxy, nicknamed \\\"Milkomeda\\\" or \\\"Milkdromeda\\\". The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about as indicated by blueshift. However, the lateral velocity is very difficult to measure with a precision to draw reasonable conclusions:\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929283\",\n \"text\": \"or vibration set up by the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as they orbit the Milky Way, causing vibrations when they pass through its edges. Previously, these two galaxies, at around 2% of the mass of the Milky Way, were considered too small to influence the Milky Way. However, in a computer model, the movement of these two galaxies creates a dark matter wake that amplifies their influence on the larger Milky Way. Current measurements suggest the Andromeda Galaxy is approaching us at . In 3 to 4 billion years, there may be an Andromeda–Milky Way collision, depending on the\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122005\",\n \"text\": \"the Triangulum Galaxy—the third-largest and third-brightest galaxy of the Local Group—will participate in the collision event, too. Its most likely fate is to end up orbiting the merger remnant of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies and finally to merge with it in an even more distant future. However, a collision with the Milky Way, before it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy, or an ejection from the Local Group cannot be ruled out. While the Andromeda Galaxy contains about 1 trillion () stars and the Milky Way contains about 300 billion (3), the chance of even two stars colliding is\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929273\",\n \"text\": \"Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. In fact, measurements of other galaxies similar to the Milky Way suggest it is among the reddest and brightest spiral galaxies that are still forming new stars and it is just slightly bluer than the bluest red sequence galaxies. Globular clusters are among the oldest objects in the Milky Way, which thus set a lower limit on the age of the Milky Way. The ages of individual stars in the Milky Way can be estimated by measuring the abundance of long-lived radioactive elements such as thorium-232 and uranium-238, then comparing the results to estimates of\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929234\",\n \"text\": \"quarter (), the Milky Way would be approximately the size of the contiguous United States. There is a ring-like filament of stars rippling above and below the relatively flat galactic plane, wrapping around the Milky Way at a diameter of , which may be part of the Milky Way itself. Estimates of the mass of the Milky Way vary, depending upon the method and data used. The low end of the estimate range is 5.8 solar masses (), somewhat less than that of the Andromeda Galaxy. Measurements using the Very Long Baseline Array in 2009 found velocities as large as\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929247\",\n \"text\": \"distinct bars, one nestled within the other. However, RR Lyrae variables do not trace a prominent Galactic bar. The bar may be surrounded by a ring called the \\\"5-kpc ring\\\" that contains a large fraction of the molecular hydrogen present in the Milky Way, as well as most of the Milky Way's star formation activity. Viewed from the Andromeda Galaxy, it would be the brightest feature of the Milky Way. X-ray emission from the core is aligned with the massive stars surrounding the central bar and the Galactic ridge. In 2010, two gigantic spherical bubbles of high energy emission were\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122012\",\n \"text\": \"showing less stellar density than current elliptical galaxies. It is, however, possible the resulting object will be a large disk galaxy, depending on the amount of remaining gas in the Milky Way and Andromeda. In the far future, roughly 150 billion years from now, the remaining galaxies of the Local Group will coalesce into this object, that being the next evolutionary stage of the local group of galaxies. Andromeda–Milky Way collision The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 5 billion years between two galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929271\",\n \"text\": \"Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, through the Magellanic Stream. Direct accretion of gas is observed in high-velocity clouds like the Smith Cloud. However, properties of the Milky Way such as stellar mass, angular momentum, and metallicity in its outermost regions suggest it has undergone no mergers with large galaxies in the last 10 billion years. This lack of recent major mergers is unusual among similar spiral galaxies; its neighbour the Andromeda Galaxy appears to have a more typical history shaped by more recent mergers with relatively large galaxies. According to recent studies, the Milky Way as well as the Andromeda\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929297\",\n \"text\": \"on average, 10 magnitudes fainter than those that occurred within the Milky Way. As a result, he was able to come up with a distance estimate of 150,000 parsecs. He became a proponent of the \\\"island universes\\\" hypothesis, which held that the spiral nebulae were actually independent galaxies. In 1920 the Great Debate took place between Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, concerning the nature of the Milky Way, spiral nebulae, and the dimensions of the Universe. To support his claim that the Great Andromeda Nebula is an external galaxy, Curtis noted the appearance of dark lanes resembling the dust clouds\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122004\",\n \"text\": \"between 2002 and 2010 with sub-pixel accuracy. Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to be much smaller than the speed of approach and therefore it is expected that it will directly collide with the Milky Way in around four billion years. Such collisions are relatively common, considering galaxies' long lifespans. Andromeda, for example, is believed to have collided with at least one other galaxy in the past, and several dwarf galaxies such as Sgr dSph are currently colliding with the Milky Way and being merged into it. The studies also suggest that M33,\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929286\",\n \"text\": \"the Great Attractor and other galaxy clusters, including the Shapley supercluster, behind it. The Local Group (a cluster of gravitationally bound galaxies containing, among others, the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy) is part of a supercluster called the Local Supercluster, centered near the Virgo Cluster: although they are moving away from each other at as part of the Hubble flow, this velocity is less than would be expected given the 16.8 million pc distance due to the gravitational attraction between the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster. Another reference frame is provided by the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"807474\",\n \"text\": \"is now in a relative state of quiescence, whereas the Milky Way is experiencing more active star formation. Should this continue, the luminosity of the Milky Way may eventually overtake that of Andromeda Galaxy. According to recent studies, the Andromeda Galaxy lies in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the \\\"green valley\\\", a region populated by galaxies like the Milky Way in transition from the \\\"blue cloud\\\" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the \\\"red sequence\\\" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929279\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy are a binary system of giant spiral galaxies belonging to a group of 50 closely bound galaxies known as the Local Group, surrounded by a Local Void, itself being part of the Virgo Supercluster. Surrounding the Virgo Supercluster are a number of voids, devoid of many galaxies, the Microscopium Void to the \\\"north\\\", the Sculptor Void to the \\\"left\\\", the Bootes Void to the \\\"right\\\" and the Canes-Major Void to the South. These voids change shape over time, creating filamentous structures of galaxies. The Virgo Supercluster, for instance, is being drawn towards the\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929238\",\n \"text\": \"to detect, especially at distances of more than from the Sun. As a comparison, the neighboring Andromeda Galaxy contains an estimated one trillion (10) stars. The Milky Way may also contain perhaps ten billion white dwarfs, a billion neutron stars, and a hundred million black holes. Filling the space between the stars is a disk of gas and dust called the interstellar medium. This disk has at least a comparable extent in radius to the stars, whereas the thickness of the gas layer ranges from hundreds of light years for the colder gas to thousands of light years for warmer\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"807455\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way Galaxy (~0.8-1.5 solar masses vs the Milky Way's 8.5 solar masses), though a 2018 study found that the Andromeda Galaxy's mass is roughly the same as the Milky Way's. The Andromeda Galaxy, spanning approximately 220,000 light-years, is the largest galaxy in our Local Group, which is also home to the Triangulum Galaxy and other minor galaxies. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in ~4.5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a large disc galaxy. With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122011\",\n \"text\": \"current luminosity). When two spiral galaxies collide, the hydrogen present on their disks is compressed, producing strong star formation as can be seen on interacting systems like the Antennae Galaxies. In the case of the Andromeda–Milky Way collision, it is believed that there will be little gas remaining in the disks of both galaxies, so the mentioned starburst will be relatively weak, though it still may be enough to form a quasar. The galaxy product of the collision has been nicknamed \\\"Milkomeda\\\" or \\\"Milkdromeda\\\". According to simulations, this object will look like a giant elliptical galaxy, but with a centre\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"807469\",\n \"text\": \"1.5 trillion solar masses) compared to for the Milky Way. This contradicts earlier measurements, that seem to indicate that Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way are almost equal in mass. Even so, Andromeda Galaxy's spheroid actually has a higher stellar density than that of the Milky Way and its galactic stellar disk is about twice the size of that of the Milky Way. The total stellar mass of Andromeda Galaxy is estimated to be between ., (i.e., around twice as massive as that of the Milky Way) and , with around 30% of that mass in the central bulge, 56%\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"807473\",\n \"text\": \"suggests an absolute magnitude (in the blue) of −20.89 (that with a color index of +0.63 translates to an absolute visual magnitude of −21.52, compared to −20.9 for the Milky Way), and a total luminosity in that wavelength of . The rate of star formation in the Milky Way is much higher, with Andromeda Galaxy producing only about one solar mass per year compared to 3–5 solar masses for the Milky Way. The rate of novae in the Milky Way is also double that of Andromeda Galaxy. This suggests that the latter once experienced a great star formation phase, but\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1618458\",\n \"text\": \"being independent galactic systems of gas and dust, rather than just nebulae in the Milky Way. With a diameter of about 60,000 light-years, the Triangulum galaxy is the third largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, roughly 40% the size of the Milky Way. It may be a gravitationally bound companion of the Andromeda Galaxy. (See below.) Triangulum may be home to 40 billion stars, compared to 400 billion for the Milky Way, and 1 trillion stars for Andromeda Galaxy. The disk of Triangulum has an estimated mass of solar masses, while the gas component is about solar masses.\",\n \"title\": \"Triangulum Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1618475\",\n \"text\": \"it much later. Two other possibilities are a collision with the Milky Way before the Andromeda Galaxy arrives or an ejection out of the Local Group. Triangulum Galaxy The Triangulum Galaxy is a spiral galaxy approximately 3 million light-years (ly) from Earth in the constellation Triangulum. It is catalogued as Messier 33 or NGC 598. The Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, behind the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. It is one of the most distant permanent objects that can be viewed with the naked eye. The galaxy is the smallest spiral galaxy\",\n \"title\": \"Triangulum Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122007\",\n \"text\": \"from the merging galaxies would collide. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies each contain a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), these being Sagittarius A* (ca. ) and an object within the P2 concentration of Andromeda's nucleus (). These black holes will converge near the centre of the newly formed galaxy over a period that may take millions of years, due to a process is known as dynamical friction: As the SMBHs move relative to the surrounding cloud of much less massive stars, gravitational interactions lead to a net transfer of orbital energy from the SMBHs to the stars, causing the\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17965811\",\n \"text\": \"of volume. The image was a part of the commission from Philip IV of Spain to decorate Torre de la Parada. Rubens also painted other Greco-Roman mythological subjects, such as \\\"Hercules Fighting the Nemean Lion\\\" or \\\"Perseus Freeing Andromeda\\\". The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens) The Origin of the Milky Way, or The Birth of the Milky Way, is a painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, featuring the Greco-Roman myth of the origin of the Milky Way. The painting depicts Hera (Juno), spilling her breast milk, the infant Heracles (Hercules) and Zeus (Jupiter) in the background, identifiable\",\n \"title\": \"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122003\",\n \"text\": \"a lateral speed of only 7.7 km/s would mean that the Andromeda Galaxy is moving toward a point 177,800 light-years to the side of the Milky Way ((7.7 km/s) / (110 km/s) × (2,540,000 ly)), and such a speed over an eight-year timeframe amounts to only 1/3,000th of a Hubble Space Telescope pixel (Hubble's resolution≈0.05 arcsec: (7.7 km/s)/(300,000 km/s)×(8 y)/(2,540,000 ly)×180°/π×3600 = 0.000017 arcsec). Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not. In 2012, researchers concluded that the collision is sure using Hubble to track the motion of stars in Andromeda\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"5929281","text":"the Milky Way are Canis Major Dwarf (the closest), Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, and Leo I Dwarf. The smallest dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way are only 500 light-years in diameter. These include Carina Dwarf, Draco Dwarf, and Leo II Dwarf. There may still be undetected dwarf galaxies that are dynamically bound to the Milky Way, which is supported by the detection of nine new satellites of the Milky Way in a relatively small patch of the night sky in 2015. There are also some dwarf galaxies that have already been","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929243","text":"suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s. Their suspicions were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 that showed the Milky Way's central bar to be larger than previously thought. A galactic quadrant, or quadrant of the Milky Way, refers to one of four circular sectors in the division of the Milky Way. In actual astronomical practice, the delineation of the galactic quadrants is based upon the galactic coordinate system, which places the Sun as the origin of the mapping system. Quadrants are described using ordinals—for","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"6400377","text":"Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way. Of the galaxies confirmed to be in orbit, the largest is the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, which has a diameter of or roughly a fifth that of the Milky Way. Satellite galaxies that orbit from of the edge of the disc of the Milky Way Galaxy to the edge of the dark matter halo of the Milky Way at from the center of the galaxy, are generally depleted in hydrogen gas compared to those that orbit more distantly. This is because of their interactions with the dense hot","title":"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929299","text":"of the Milky Way. The ESA spacecraft \"Gaia\" provides distance estimates by determining the parallax of a billion stars and is mapping the Milky Way with four planned releases of maps in 2022. Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name describes the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term \"Milky Way\" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', \"milky circle\"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929259","text":"encircles the Galactic disk. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey of the northern sky shows a huge and diffuse structure (spread out across an area around 5,000 times the size of a full moon) within the Milky Way that does not seem to fit within current models. The collection of stars rises close to perpendicular to the plane of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The proposed likely interpretation is that a dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way. This galaxy is tentatively named the Virgo Stellar Stream and is found in the direction of Virgo about away. In","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929258","text":"possibility of the disk of the Milky Way extending further is apparent, and this is supported by evidence from the discovery of the Outer Arm extension of the Cygnus Arm and of a similar extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm. With the discovery of the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy came the discovery of a ribbon of galactic debris as the polar orbit of the dwarf and its interaction with the Milky Way tears it apart. Similarly, with the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, it was found that a ring of galactic debris from its interaction with the Milky Way","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"6400379","text":"galaxy that has been completely distended by the Milky Way's gravity. <BR> Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group. There are 59 small galaxies confirmed to be within of the Milky Way, but not all of them are necessarily in orbit, and some may themselves be in orbit of other satellite galaxies. The only ones visible to the naked eye are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which have been observed since","title":"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929225","text":"Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name describes the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term \"Milky Way\" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', \"milky circle\"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"15860832","text":"The Milky Way Project The Milky Way Project is a Zooniverse project whose main goal is to identify stellar-wind bubbles in the Milky Way Galaxy. Users classify sets of infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Scientists believe bubbles in these images are the result of young, massive stars whose light causes shocks in interstellar gas. The Milky Way Project works with data taken from the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer Galactic Plane Survey (MIPSGAL) and Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE). Only a small part uses WISE data. The project looks","title":"The Milky Way Project"},{"docid":"5929285","text":"of galaxy clusters due to the expansion of space. Individual galaxies, including the Milky Way, have peculiar velocities relative to the average flow. Thus, to compare the Milky Way to the Hubble flow, one must consider a volume large enough so that the expansion of the Universe dominates over local, random motions. A large enough volume means that the mean motion of galaxies within this volume is equal to the Hubble flow. Astronomers believe the Milky Way is moving at approximately with respect to this local co-moving frame of reference. The Milky Way is moving in the general direction of","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929233","text":"galactic pole is near α Sculptoris. Because of this high inclination, depending on the time of night and year, the arch of the Milky Way may appear relatively low or relatively high in the sky. For observers from latitudes approximately 65° north to 65° south, the Milky Way passes directly overhead twice a day. The Milky Way is the second-largest galaxy in the Local Group, with its stellar disk approximately in diameter and, on average, approximately thick. To compare the relative physical scale of the Milky Way, if the Solar System out to Neptune were the size of a US","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929284","text":"importance of unknown lateral components to the galaxies' relative motion. If they collide, the chance of individual stars colliding with each other is extremely low, but instead the two galaxies will merge to form a single elliptical galaxy or perhaps a large disk galaxy over the course of about a billion years. Although special relativity states that there is no \"preferred\" inertial frame of reference in space with which to compare the Milky Way, the Milky Way does have a velocity with respect to cosmological frames of reference. One such frame of reference is the Hubble flow, the apparent motions","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929289","text":"and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Fortress of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis. In western culture, the name \"Milky Way\" is derived from its appearance as a dim un-resolved \"milky\" glowing band arching across the night sky. The term is a translation of the Classical Latin \"via lactea\", in turn derived from the Hellenistic Greek , short for (', \"milky circle\"). The Ancient Greek (') – from root -, (\"milk\") + (forming adjectives) – is also the root of \"galaxy\", the name for our, and later all such, collections of stars. In Greek mythology, the Milky Way was formed after","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929226","text":"that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter between 150,000 and 200,000 light-years (ly). It is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars and more than 100 billion planets. The Solar System is located at a radius of 26,490 (± 100) light-years from the Galactic Center, on the inner edge of the Orion Arm, one of the spiral-shaped concentrations","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929240","text":"Small Magellanic Clouds, whose closest approach to the Galactic Center is about . At this distance or beyond, the orbits of most halo objects would be disrupted by the Magellanic Clouds. Hence, such objects would probably be ejected from the vicinity of the Milky Way. The integrated absolute visual magnitude of the Milky Way is estimated to be around −20.9. Both gravitational microlensing and planetary transit observations indicate that there may be at least as many planets bound to stars as there are stars in the Milky Way, and microlensing measurements indicate that there are more rogue planets not bound","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929270","text":"was spinning relatively quickly. Due to conservation of angular momentum, this led the gaseous interstellar medium to collapse from a roughly spheroidal shape to a disk. Therefore, later generations of stars formed in this spiral disk. Most younger stars, including the Sun, are observed to be in the disk. Since the first stars began to form, the Milky Way has grown through both galaxy mergers (particularly early in the Milky Way's growth) and accretion of gas directly from the Galactic halo. The Milky Way is currently accreting material from several small galaxies, including two of its largest satellite galaxies, the","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"6400378","text":"gas halo of the Milky Way that strip cold gas from the satellites. Satellites beyond that region still retain copious quantities of gas. The Milky Way's satellite galaxies include the following: The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is currently in the process of being consumed by the Milky Way and is expected to pass through it within the next 100 million years. The Sagittarius Stream is a stream of stars in polar orbit around the Milky Way leeched from the Sagittarius Dwarf. The Virgo Stellar Stream is a stream of stars that is believed to have once been an orbiting dwarf","title":"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way"},{"docid":"6400376","text":"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group. There are 59 small galaxies confirmed to be within of the Milky Way, but not all of them are necessarily in orbit, and some may themselves be in orbit of other satellite galaxies. The only ones visible to the naked eye are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which have been observed since prehistory. Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2006 suggest the Magellanic","title":"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929293","text":"stars but appears to be a continuous image due to the effect of refraction in Earth's atmosphere, citing his observation of a conjunction of Jupiter and Mars in 1106 or 1107 as evidence. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) proposed that the Milky Way is \"a myriad of tiny stars packed together in the sphere of the fixed stars\" and that these stars are larger than planets. According to Jamil Ragep, the Persian astronomer Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201–1274) in his \"Tadhkira\" writes: \"The Milky Way, i.e. the Galaxy, is made up of a very large number of small, tightly clustered stars, which,","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"3741315","text":"Milky Way and is obscured by galactic dust. The Circinus Galaxy is a Type II Seyfert galaxy and is one of the closest known active galaxies to the Milky Way, though it is probably slightly farther away than Centaurus A. Circinus Galaxy produced supernova SN 1996cr, which was identified over a decade after it exploded. This supernova event was first observed during 2001 as a bright, variable object in a Chandra X-ray Observatory image, but it was not confirmed as a supernova until years later. The Circinus Galaxy is one of twelve large galaxies in the \"Council of Giants\" surrounding","title":"Circinus Galaxy"},{"docid":"5929269","text":"curve. The Milky Way began as one or several small overdensities in the mass distribution in the Universe shortly after the Big Bang. Some of these overdensities were the seeds of globular clusters in which the oldest remaining stars in what is now the Milky Way formed. Nearly half the matter in the Milky Way may have come from other distant galaxies. Nonetheless, these stars and clusters now comprise the stellar halo of the Milky Way. Within a few billion years of the birth of the first stars, the mass of the Milky Way was large enough so that it","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929254","text":"Center. The Far 3 kpc Arm was discovered in 2008 by astronomer Tom Dame (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA). It is located in the first galactic quadrant at a distance of 3 kpc (about 10,000 ly) from the Galactic Center. A simulation published in 2011 suggested that the Milky Way may have obtained its spiral arm structure as a result of repeated collisions with the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. It has been suggested that the Milky Way contains two different spiral patterns: an inner one, formed by the Sagittarius arm, that rotates fast and an outer one, formed by the Carina and Perseus","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929278","text":"Galaxy rips off huge tails of gas, which, over time can coalesce to form dwarf galaxies in a ring at an arbitrary angle to the main disc. In November 2018, astronomers reported the discovery of one of the oldest stars in the universe. About 13.5 billion-years-old, 2MASS J18082002-5104378 B is a tiny ultra metal-poor (UMP) star made almost entirely of materials released from the Big Bang, and is possibly one of the very first stars. The discovery of the star in the Milky Way galaxy suggests that the galaxy may be at least 3 billion years older than previously thought.","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"2032238","text":"all other universes – finally removed from the WSOGMM. Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". The series is set in a fictionalised version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \"real world\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth. \"The Galaxy\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \"the Galaxy\" in the series. Apart from a","title":"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"},{"docid":"2032134","text":"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\". The series is set in a fictionalised version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \"real world\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth. \"The Galaxy\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \"the Galaxy\" in the series. Apart from a very brief moment during the first radio series, when","title":"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"},{"docid":"4742697","text":"of the day, which was in turn named after the Earth’s galaxy. On March 10, 1925, the Milky Way trademark was registered in the U.S., claiming a first-use date of 1922. In 1924, the Milky Way bar was introduced nationally and sold $800,000 that year. The chocolate for the chocolate coating was supplied by Hershey's. By 1926, it came out in two flavors: chocolate nougat with milk chocolate coating, and vanilla nougat with a dark chocolate coating, each for a nickel. In June 1932, the Milky Way bar was sold as a two-piece bar, but just four years later, in","title":"Milky Way (chocolate bar)"},{"docid":"5929272","text":"Galaxy lie in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the \"green valley\", a region populated by galaxies in transition from the \"blue cloud\" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the \"red sequence\" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar medium. In simulated galaxies with similar properties, star formation will typically have been extinguished within about five billion years from now, even accounting for the expected, short-term increase in the rate of star formation due to the collision between both the Milky","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"18576420","text":"HI (atomic hydrogen) disk of the Milky Way Galaxy to the tidal effects of a perturbing galaxy. The unseen perturber's mass was calculated to be about 1% of that of the Milky Way, which would make it the third heaviest satellite of the Milky Way, after the Magellanic Clouds (Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, each some 10x larger than Galaxy X). In this hypothetical model, the putative satellite galaxy would have interacted with the Milky Way some 600 million years ago, coming as close as , and would now be moving away from the Milky Way. The name","title":"Galaxy X (galaxy)"},{"docid":"2519618","text":"time. (Since 2003, the newly discovered Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is considered the actual nearest neighbor.) Although it is one of the closest companion galaxies to the Milky Way, the main parent cluster is on the opposite side of the galactic core from Earth, and consequently is very faint, although covering a large area of the sky. Sgr dSph appears to be an older galaxy, with little interstellar dust and composed largely of Population II stars, older and metal-poor, as compared to the Milky Way. No neutral hydrogen gas related to Sgr dSph has been found. Further discoveries by astrophysics","title":"Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy"},{"docid":"3741314","text":"Circinus Galaxy The Circinus Galaxy (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy in the constellation of Circinus. It is located 4 degrees below the Galactic plane, and, at a distance of , and is one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way. The galaxy is undergoing tumultuous changes, as rings of gas are likely being ejected from the galaxy. Its outermost ring is 1400 light-years across while the inner ring is 260 light-years across. Although the Circinus galaxy can be seen using a small telescope, it was not noticed until 1977 because it lies close to the plane of the","title":"Circinus Galaxy"},{"docid":"3741316","text":"the Local Group in the Local Sheet.<ref name=\"10.1093/mnras/stu199\"> </ref> Circinus Galaxy The Circinus Galaxy (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy in the constellation of Circinus. It is located 4 degrees below the Galactic plane, and, at a distance of , and is one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way. The galaxy is undergoing tumultuous changes, as rings of gas are likely being ejected from the galaxy. Its outermost ring is 1400 light-years across while the inner ring is 260 light-years across. Although the Circinus galaxy can be seen using a small telescope, it was not noticed until 1977","title":"Circinus Galaxy"},{"docid":"4742700","text":"Caramel bar contains 250 calories in each 54 gram bar. In November 2012, a new print and digital advertising campaign was launched in the U.S. called \"Sorry, I was Eating a Milky Way\". This campaign portrays the comical aftermath of what happens after someone (off camera) was distracted due to eating a Milky Way bar. This campaign originated from the insight that eating a Milky Way bar is a slow and involved process due to its caramel, chocolate, and nougat. The bar's European version has no caramel topping, and consists of a nougat center that is considerably lighter than that","title":"Milky Way (chocolate bar)"},{"docid":"5929230","text":"distant stars. The area of sky that the Milky Way obscures is called the Zone of Avoidance. The Milky Way has a relatively low surface brightness. Its visibility can be greatly reduced by background light, such as light pollution or moonlight. The sky needs to be darker than about 20.2 magnitude per square arcsecond in order for the Milky Way to be visible. It should be visible if the limiting magnitude is approximately +5.1 or better and shows a great deal of detail at +6.1. This makes the Milky Way difficult to see from brightly lit urban or suburban areas,","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929292","text":"heavenly motions.\" The Neoplatonist philosopher Olympiodorus the Younger (–570 ) criticized this view, arguing that if the Milky Way were sublunary, it should appear different at different times and places on Earth, and that it should have parallax, which it does not. In his view, the Milky Way is celestial. This idea would be influential later in the Islamic world. The Persian astronomer Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) proposed that the Milky Way is \"a collection of countless fragments of the nature of nebulous stars\". The Andalusian astronomer Avempace ( 1138) proposed the Milky Way to be made up of many","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"18576422","text":"of \"Galaxy X\" Galaxy X (galaxy) Galaxy X is a postulated dark satellite dwarf galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy. If it exists, it would be composed mostly of dark matter and interstellar gas with few stars. Its proposed location is some from the Sun, behind the disk of the Milky Way, and some in extent. Galactic coordinates would be (l= -27.4°,b=-1.08°). Observational evidence for this galaxy was presented in 2015, based on the claimed discovery of four, Cepheid variable stars by Sukanya Chakrabarti (RIT) and collaborators. Search for the stars was motivated by an earlier study that linked a","title":"Galaxy X (galaxy)"},{"docid":"18576419","text":"Galaxy X (galaxy) Galaxy X is a postulated dark satellite dwarf galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy. If it exists, it would be composed mostly of dark matter and interstellar gas with few stars. Its proposed location is some from the Sun, behind the disk of the Milky Way, and some in extent. Galactic coordinates would be (l= -27.4°,b=-1.08°). Observational evidence for this galaxy was presented in 2015, based on the claimed discovery of four, Cepheid variable stars by Sukanya Chakrabarti (RIT) and collaborators. Search for the stars was motivated by an earlier study that linked a warp in the","title":"Galaxy X (galaxy)"},{"docid":"5929256","text":"thick disk of the Milky Way. The Galactic disk is surrounded by a spheroidal halo of old stars and globular clusters, of which 90% lie within of the Galactic Center. However, a few globular clusters have been found farther, such as PAL 4 and AM1 at more than 200,000 light-years from the Galactic Center. About 40% of the Milky Way's clusters are on retrograde orbits, which means they move in the opposite direction from the Milky Way rotation. The globular clusters can follow rosette orbits about the Milky Way, in contrast to the elliptical orbit of a planet around a","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"18166399","text":"Galaxies within a group interact and merge. The physical process behind this galaxy-galaxy merger is dynamical friction. The time-scales for dynamical friction on luminous (or L*) galaxies suggest that fossil groups are old, undisturbed systems that have seen little infall of L* galaxies since their initial collapse. Fossil groups are thus an important laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intragroup medium in an isolated system. Fossil groups may still contain unmerged dwarf galaxies, but the more massive members of the group have condensed into the central galaxy. The closest fossil group to the Milky Way","title":"Galaxy group"},{"docid":"5929236","text":"of the mass of the Milky Way appears to be dark matter, an unknown and invisible form of matter that interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter. A dark matter halo is conjectured to spread out relatively uniformly to a distance beyond one hundred kiloparsecs (kpc) from the Galactic Center. Mathematical models of the Milky Way suggest that the mass of dark matter is 1–1.5 . Recent studies indicate a range in mass, as large as 4.5 and as small as 8 . The total mass of all the stars in the Milky Way is estimated to be between 4.6 and 6.43","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"9797731","text":"and Jansenism. Rotten Tomatoes reports 93% approval for \"The Milky Way\", with an average rating of 7.7/10 among 14 critics. The Milky Way (1969 film) The Milky Way () is a 1969 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel. It stars Laurent Terzieff, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Georges Marchal and Michel Piccoli. Buñuel later called \"The Milky Way\" the first in a trilogy (along with \"The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie\" and \"The Phantom of Liberty\") about \"the search for truth.\" The title of the film is taken from a popular name used for the Way of St. James, a route","title":"The Milky Way (1969 film)"},{"docid":"5929228","text":"This conjectural mass has been termed \"dark matter\". The rotational period is about 240 million years at the radius of the Sun. The Milky Way as a whole is moving at a velocity of approximately 600 km per second with respect to extragalactic frames of reference. The oldest stars in the Milky Way are nearly as old as the Universe itself and thus probably formed shortly after the Dark Ages of the Big Bang. The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929261","text":"about one-sixth as much baryonic (ordinary) matter as dark matter when it was just a few billion years old. However, only about half of those baryons are accounted for in the modern Universe based on observations of nearby galaxies like the Milky Way. If the finding that the mass of the halo is comparable to the mass of the Milky Way is confirmed, it could be the identity of the missing baryons around the Milky Way. The Sun is near the inner rim of the Orion Arm, within the Local Fluff of the Local Bubble, and in the Gould Belt,","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5631344","text":"being tidally disrupted by the Milky Way galaxy. Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is a dwarf galaxy in the Carina constellation. It was discovered in 1977 with the UK Schmidt Telescope by Cannon et al. The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and is receding from it at 230 km/s. The diameter of the galaxy is about 1600 light-years, which is 75 times smaller than the Milky Way. Most of the stars in the galaxy formed 7 billion years ago, although it also experienced bursts of star formation about 13","title":"Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy"},{"docid":"5929229","text":"a component of the Laniakea Supercluster. The Milky Way is visible from Earth as a hazy band of white light, some 30° wide, arching across the night sky. In night sky observing, although all the individual naked-eye stars in the entire sky are part of the Milky Way, the term “Milky Way” is limited to this band of light. The light originates from the accumulation of unresolved stars and other material located in the direction of the galactic plane. Dark regions within the band, such as the Great Rift and the Coalsack, are areas where interstellar dust blocks light from","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929294","text":"on account of their concentration and smallness, seem to be cloudy patches. Because of this, it was likened to milk in color.\" Actual proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars. In a treatise in 1755, Immanuel Kant, drawing on earlier work by Thomas Wright, speculated (correctly) that the Milky Way might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars, held together by gravitational forces akin to the Solar System","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929282","text":"absorbed by the Milky Way, such as the progenitor of Omega Centauri. In 2014 researchers reported that most satellite galaxies of the Milky Way actually lie in a very large disk and orbit in the same direction. This came as a surprise: according to standard cosmology, the satellite galaxies should form in dark matter halos, and they should be widely distributed and moving in random directions. This discrepancy is still not fully explained. In January 2006, researchers reported that the heretofore unexplained warp in the disk of the Milky Way has now been mapped and found to be a ripple","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929239","text":"gas. The disk of stars in the Milky Way does not have a sharp edge beyond which there are no stars. Rather, the concentration of stars decreases with distance from the center of the Milky Way. For reasons that are not understood, beyond a radius of roughly 40,000 ly (13 kpc) from the center, the number of stars per cubic parsec drops much faster with radius. Surrounding the galactic disk is a spherical Galactic Halo of stars and globular clusters that extends further outward but is limited in size by the orbits of two Milky Way satellites, the Large and","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"18601043","text":"system as being closest to the sun, followed by the milky way, then nearby galaxies, distant galaxies, and finally the early universe. Looking at the scale the location of the Gioiello Cluster from the sun, shows a stretch all the way to the early universe category. Proving that is the most distant galaxy cluster that has ever been discovered thus far. Although, in the past astronomers and X-Ray observers have discovered several smaller galaxy clusters that are quite close to the distance of Gioiello. These clusters have been identified as being more than 9.5 billion light-years away. However, some of","title":"Gioiello (galaxy cluster)"},{"docid":"7707090","text":"Live at the Milky Way Live at the Milky Way is a live album by Captain Sensible, released in 1994 by Humbug Records. It was recorded at the Milky Way club in Amsterdam on the final gig of a European tour supporting the album \"The Universe of Geoffrey Brown\". Sensible's backing band, known as the Ugly Sods, features ex-Damned bassist Paul Gray, keyboardist Malcolm Dixon and drummer Garrie Dreadful. In his review for AllMusic, Bruce Eder wrote that \"Live at the Milky Way\" includes \"hard grinding, deep crunching, yet richly recorded versions of \"Jet Boy Jet Girl,\" \"Neat Neat Neat,\"","title":"Live at the Milky Way"},{"docid":"1500451","text":"The Milky Way (amusement park) The Milky Way Adventure Park is a tourist attraction at Higher Clovelly near Clovelly and Bideford in North Devon. It was named as Devon's Large Attraction of the Year by Visit Devon in 2016, and as one of the UK’s best amusement parks by Trip Advisor in both its 2015 and 2016 Travellers Choice Awards, and many more regional and county awards for excellence. The Milky Way has over 110,000 sq ft of indoor and outdoor activities, making it the biggest all weather, family day out in North Devon. Thousands visit The Milky Way Adventure","title":"The Milky Way (amusement park)"},{"docid":"5929231","text":"but very prominent when viewed from rural areas when the Moon is below the horizon. Maps of artificial night sky brightness show that more than one-third of Earth's population cannot see the Milky Way from their homes due to light pollution. As viewed from Earth, the visible region of the Milky Way's galactic plane occupies an area of the sky that includes 30 constellations. The Galactic Center lies in the direction of Sagittarius, where the Milky Way is brightest. From Sagittarius, the hazy band of white light appears to pass around to the galactic anticenter in Auriga. The band then","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"4742696","text":"Milky Way (chocolate bar) The Milky Way bar is a chocolate-covered confectionary bar manufactured and distributed by the Mars confectionery company. Introduced in 1923, the Milky Way bar's American version is made of chocolate-malt nougat topped with caramel and covered with milk chocolate, similar to the Mars bar sold outside of the U.S. The global Milky Way is a different chocolate candy bar similar to the American 3 Musketeers. The Milky Way bar was created in 1923 by Frank C. Mars and originally manufactured in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The name and taste were taken from a famed malted milk drink (milkshake)","title":"Milky Way (chocolate bar)"},{"docid":"9797721","text":"The Milky Way (1969 film) The Milky Way () is a 1969 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel. It stars Laurent Terzieff, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Georges Marchal and Michel Piccoli. Buñuel later called \"The Milky Way\" the first in a trilogy (along with \"The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie\" and \"The Phantom of Liberty\") about \"the search for truth.\" The title of the film is taken from a popular name used for the Way of St. James, a route often traveled by religious pilgrims that stretched from northern Europe to the Santiago de Compostela in Spain, where the Remains","title":"The Milky Way (1969 film)"},{"docid":"9122006","text":"negligible because of the huge distances between the stars. For example, the nearest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri, about or 30 million (3) solar diameters away. If the Sun were a ping-pong ball, Proxima Centauri would be a pea about away, and the Milky Way would be about 30 million km ( million mi) wide. Although stars are more common near the centers of each galaxy, the average distance between stars is still 160 billion (1.6) km (100 billion mi). That is analogous to one ping-pong ball every . Thus, it is extremely unlikely that any two stars","title":"Andromeda–Milky Way collision"},{"docid":"5423436","text":"The Milky Way (1940 film) The Milky Way is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres with the film \"The Captain Is a Lady\" in 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. The short, produced and directed by Rudolf Ising and co-produced by Fred Quimby with musical supervision by Scott Bradley, explores the adventures of the \"three little kittens who lost their mittens\", as they explore a dreamland where space is made up entirely of dairy products (for example, the Milky Way is made of milk and the moon is made of cheese). Mars is depicted as","title":"The Milky Way (1940 film)"},{"docid":"17965810","text":"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens) The Origin of the Milky Way, or The Birth of the Milky Way, is a painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, featuring the Greco-Roman myth of the origin of the Milky Way. The painting depicts Hera (Juno), spilling her breast milk, the infant Heracles (Hercules) and Zeus (Jupiter) in the background, identifiable by his eagle and lightning bolts. Hera's face is modelled on Rubens' wife, Hélène Fourment. The carriage is pulled by Hera's favourite animals, peacocks. Due to the dark background of the night sky the figures gain a greater sense","title":"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens)"},{"docid":"5423438","text":"the Milky Way, they find it a land of natural milk springs and gushers. The kittens proceed to happily gorge themselves on milk. However, it turns out to be just a dream. The Milky Way (1940 film) The Milky Way is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres with the film \"The Captain Is a Lady\" in 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. The short, produced and directed by Rudolf Ising and co-produced by Fred Quimby with musical supervision by Scott Bradley, explores the adventures of the \"three little kittens who lost their mittens\", as they","title":"The Milky Way (1940 film)"},{"docid":"161432","text":"asleep so that the baby will drink her divine milk and will thus become immortal. Hera wakes up while breastfeeding and then realizes she is nursing an unknown baby: she pushes the baby away, some of her milk spills, and it produces the faint band of light known as the Milky Way. In the astronomical literature, the capitalized word \"Galaxy\" is often used to refer to our galaxy, the Milky Way, to distinguish it from the other galaxies in our universe. The English term \"Milky Way\" can be traced back to a story by Chaucer : Galaxies were initially discovered","title":"Galaxy"},{"docid":"4742706","text":"the 1990s showed how light in weight the Milky Way bars were via showing that they floated on milk, but this actually shows that they are less dense than milk. Milky Ways still float on milk today, except for the U.S.A. version, which has caramel on the nougat, making it denser than the worldwide version. Milky Way (chocolate bar) The Milky Way bar is a chocolate-covered confectionary bar manufactured and distributed by the Mars confectionery company. Introduced in 1923, the Milky Way bar's American version is made of chocolate-malt nougat topped with caramel and covered with milk chocolate, similar to","title":"Milky Way (chocolate bar)"},{"docid":"5929242","text":"of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 4.2 light-years away, according to a 2016 study. Such Earth-sized planets may be more numerous than gas giants. Besides exoplanets, \"exocomets\", comets beyond the Solar System, have also been detected and may be common in the Milky Way. The Milky Way consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a disk of gas, dust and stars. The mass distribution within the Milky Way closely resembles the type Sbc in the Hubble classification, which represents spiral galaxies with relatively loosely wound arms. Astronomers first began to","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929241","text":"to host stars than there are stars. The Milky Way contains at least one planet per star, resulting in 100–400 billion planets, according to a January 2013 study of the five-planet star system Kepler-32 with the Kepler space observatory. A different January 2013 analysis of Kepler data estimated that at least 17 billion Earth-sized exoplanets reside in the Milky Way. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on \"Kepler\" space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"5929252","text":"extinction, detected the predicted overabundance in the Scutum–Centaurus arm but not in the Carina–Sagittarius arm: the Scutum-Centaurus Arm contains approximately 30% more red giants than would be expected in the absence of a spiral arm. This observation suggests that the Milky Way possesses only two major stellar arms: the Perseus arm and the Scutum–Centaurus arm. The rest of the arms contain excess gas but not excess old stars. In December 2013, astronomers found that the distribution of young stars and star-forming regions matches the four-arm spiral description of the Milky Way. Thus, the Milky Way appears to have two spiral","title":"Milky Way"},{"docid":"4742699","text":"on sale. This version has no nougat and is made of caramel covered in milk chocolate. In 2011, a fun size offering of the Simply Caramel bar was introduced. In 2012, Milky Way Caramel Apple Minis went on sale as a limited time offer for the Halloween season. In late summer of 2018, Milky Way Fudge, which replaces the malt nougat with chocolate fudge nougat, was introduced nationwide. The American Milky Way bar contains 240 calories in each 52.2 gram bar, while the smaller Milky Way Midnight contains 220 calories in each 50 gram bar and the Milky Way Simply","title":"Milky Way (chocolate bar)"},{"docid":"20040844","text":"Gamezebo thought it was “charmingly retro.” iDigitalTimes gave it 5/5, saying that it was “already a strong contender for one of the best mobile games of 2017,” because of its “engaging storyline, beautiful graphics and clever gameplay.” \"Macworld\" thought that “everything about Milkmaid of the Milky Way has clearly been carefully designed, and the result is gorgeous.” Also, \"Pocket Gamer\" gave the game the “Pocket Game Silver Award.\" Milkmaid of the Milky Way Milkmaid of the Milky Way is an adventure indie game for iOS, Android, Windows, and macOS. It was developed by Mattis \"machineboy\" Folkestad and released on January","title":"Milkmaid of the Milky Way"},{"docid":"5892887","text":"regarded as a heavenly reflection of the sacred River Boyne, which is described as \"the Great Silver Yoke\" and the \"White Marrow of Fedlimid,\" names which could equally apply to the Milky Way. (\"Mór-Chuing Argait\", \"Smir Find Fedlimthi\"). Other names include: In Hungarian mythology, Csaba, the mythical son of Attila the Hun and ancestor of the Hungarians, is supposed to ride down the Milky Way when the Székelys (ethnic Hungarians living in Transylvania) are threatened. Thus the Milky Way is called \"The Road of the Warriors\" (lit. \"Road of Armies\") . The stars are sparks from their horseshoes. To the","title":"Milky Way (mythology)"},{"docid":"15183612","text":"projects include improvements to the ShowBarn and some of the roads. Milky Way Farm Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; the farm and manor house are now used for weddings, tours, trail runs, & special events. Franklin Mars and his second wife, Ethel V. Mars, purchased the property","title":"Milky Way Farm"},{"docid":"4214201","text":"Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy The Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy (also known as Sculptor Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy or the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that is a satellite of the Milky Way. The galaxy lies within the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered in 1937 by American astronomer Harlow Shapley using the 24-inch Bruce refractor at Boyden Observatory. The galaxy is located about 290,000 light-years away from the Solar System. The Sculptor Dwarf contains only 4 percent of the carbon and other heavy elements in our own galaxy, the Milky Way, making it similar to primitive galaxies seen at the","title":"Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy"},{"docid":"7452838","text":"Milky Way\" as \"[The Church's] signature track ... [which] caught them at their peak of guitar-fuelled creativity ... [it is] the elegiac centrepiece of the record ... sounded like an induction, with its soft, monkish keyboard washes and ringing guitar chords, but it never reaches the point of transition where one world gives way to the next ... possibly concerned with drugs, but it transcends any single setting or worldview\". Sources: \"Under The Milky Way\" was featured in the season 1 episode of \"Scorpion\" titled \"Charades\", the episode \"Asian Cut\" in Season 5 of Miami Vice, and also in the","title":"Under the Milky Way"},{"docid":"5892879","text":"said to be two lovers who were allowed to meet only once a year on the seventh day of the seventh month, when a flock of magpies and crows formed a bridge over the galactic river. That day is celebrated as Qi Xi, the \"Seventh Night\" (, and ). In Egyptian mythology, the Milky Way was considered a pool of cow's milk. The Milky Way was deified as a fertility cow-goddess by the name of Bat (later on syncretized with the sky goddess Hathor). Among the Finns, Estonians and related peoples, the Milky Way was and is called \"The Pathway","title":"Milky Way (mythology)"},{"docid":"17909214","text":"astrophysics, biology, and other diverse areas of science. In this episode, Tyson takes a tour of the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy, explores the life of Renaissance philosopher Giordano Bruno and his vision of the cosmos, goes through a Cosmic Calendar from the beginning of the universe until the present, and ends with a tribute to Carl Sagan. The episode was first presented with a brief introduction by the President of the United States Barack Obama. The episode received positive reviews by critics, but was criticized on issues like the historical accuracy in the presentation of Giordano Bruno's","title":"Standing Up in the Milky Way"},{"docid":"8505407","text":"The Milky Way (1936 film) The Milky Way is a 1936 comedy film starring Harold Lloyd. Directed by comedy veteran Leo McCarey, the film was written by Grover Jones, Frank Butler and Richard Connell based on a play of the same name by Lynn Root and Harry Clork which was presented on Broadway in 1934. An example of the popular screwball comedy genre of the time, and critically Harold Lloyd's most successful talkie, it tells the story of a Brooklyn milkman who becomes middleweight boxing champion. \"The Milky Way\" features supporting performances by Adolphe Menjou and Verree Teasdale. Timid milkman","title":"The Milky Way (1936 film)"},{"docid":"15860836","text":"additionally search for yellowballs, pillars and bowshocks. Phase 3 aims to create a reliable bubble catalog (DR2) with the data from phase 2+3 (4.4 million classifications), an improved yellowball catalog and the largest bowshock catalog to date. For this goal the 24 μm part of the image is important: Bubbles are more easy to spot and bowshocks are most of the time visible at this wavelength. The \"MWP classification aggregation pipeline\" is continuously tested and modified to avoid issues that were encountered in DR1. Zooniverse projects: The Milky Way Project The Milky Way Project is a Zooniverse project whose main","title":"The Milky Way Project"},{"docid":"15183607","text":"buried in a mausoleum on Milky Way Farm. His widow, Ethel Mars, oversaw the planned livestock operations. Milky Way Farm produced prize-winning Hereford cattle and thoroughbred horses that were winners on the racetrack, beginning with the farm's first racing season in 1934. Winnings in 1936 totaled $206,450, making the Milky Way Farm stable the season's most successful owner on the U.S. thoroughbred racing circuit. In 1940, Milky Way Farm's Gallahadion won the Kentucky Derby. In March 1945, when Ethel Mars was in declining health (she died in December 1945), the farm was sold. In the subsequent decades it fell into","title":"Milky Way Farm"},{"docid":"3712970","text":"believe the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, Omega Centauri, is in fact the core of a dwarf galaxy with a black hole at its centre, which was at some time absorbed by the Milky Way. In astronomy, a blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD galaxy) is a small galaxy which contains large clusters of young, hot, massive stars. These stars, the brightest of which are blue, cause the galaxy itself to appear blue in colour. Most BCD galaxies are also classified as dwarf irregular galaxies or as dwarf lenticular galaxies. Because they are composed of star clusters, BCD galaxies","title":"Dwarf galaxy"},{"docid":"15183605","text":"Milky Way Farm Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; the farm and manor house are now used for weddings, tours, trail runs, & special events. Franklin Mars and his second wife, Ethel V. Mars, purchased the property in 1930, shortly after establishing a southern office of Mars Candies","title":"Milky Way Farm"},{"docid":"16172090","text":"Mighty Milky Way Mighty Milky Way is an action puzzle video game for the Nintendo DSi. It is the second title after \"Mighty Flip Champs!\" in the \"Mighty\" series from WayForward Technologies. The game was released for download through DSiWare on May 9, 2011 in North America and May 27, 2011 in Europe. It was the last game officially released for the Nintendo DS in Japan. \"Mighty Milky Way\" tasks players with guiding Luna, a French-speaking extraterrestrial, safely towards a portal at the end of each level while avoiding enemies and electric barrels. Each level is filled with small planets,","title":"Mighty Milky Way"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929281\",\n \"text\": \"the Milky Way are Canis Major Dwarf (the closest), Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, and Leo I Dwarf. The smallest dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way are only 500 light-years in diameter. These include Carina Dwarf, Draco Dwarf, and Leo II Dwarf. There may still be undetected dwarf galaxies that are dynamically bound to the Milky Way, which is supported by the detection of nine new satellites of the Milky Way in a relatively small patch of the night sky in 2015. There are also some dwarf galaxies that have already been\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929243\",\n \"text\": \"suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s. Their suspicions were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 that showed the Milky Way's central bar to be larger than previously thought. A galactic quadrant, or quadrant of the Milky Way, refers to one of four circular sectors in the division of the Milky Way. In actual astronomical practice, the delineation of the galactic quadrants is based upon the galactic coordinate system, which places the Sun as the origin of the mapping system. Quadrants are described using ordinals—for\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6400377\",\n \"text\": \"Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way. Of the galaxies confirmed to be in orbit, the largest is the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, which has a diameter of or roughly a fifth that of the Milky Way. Satellite galaxies that orbit from of the edge of the disc of the Milky Way Galaxy to the edge of the dark matter halo of the Milky Way at from the center of the galaxy, are generally depleted in hydrogen gas compared to those that orbit more distantly. This is because of their interactions with the dense hot\",\n \"title\": \"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929299\",\n \"text\": \"of the Milky Way. The ESA spacecraft \\\"Gaia\\\" provides distance estimates by determining the parallax of a billion stars and is mapping the Milky Way with four planned releases of maps in 2022. Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name describes the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term \\\"Milky Way\\\" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', \\\"milky circle\\\"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929259\",\n \"text\": \"encircles the Galactic disk. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey of the northern sky shows a huge and diffuse structure (spread out across an area around 5,000 times the size of a full moon) within the Milky Way that does not seem to fit within current models. The collection of stars rises close to perpendicular to the plane of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The proposed likely interpretation is that a dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way. This galaxy is tentatively named the Virgo Stellar Stream and is found in the direction of Virgo about away. In\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929258\",\n \"text\": \"possibility of the disk of the Milky Way extending further is apparent, and this is supported by evidence from the discovery of the Outer Arm extension of the Cygnus Arm and of a similar extension of the Scutum-Centaurus Arm. With the discovery of the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy came the discovery of a ribbon of galactic debris as the polar orbit of the dwarf and its interaction with the Milky Way tears it apart. Similarly, with the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, it was found that a ring of galactic debris from its interaction with the Milky Way\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6400379\",\n \"text\": \"galaxy that has been completely distended by the Milky Way's gravity. <BR> Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group. There are 59 small galaxies confirmed to be within of the Milky Way, but not all of them are necessarily in orbit, and some may themselves be in orbit of other satellite galaxies. The only ones visible to the naked eye are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which have been observed since\",\n \"title\": \"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929225\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. The name describes the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. The term \\\"Milky Way\\\" is a translation of the Latin ', from the Greek (', \\\"milky circle\\\"). From Earth, the Milky Way appears as a band because its disk-shaped structure is viewed from within. Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610. Until the early 1920s, most astronomers thought\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15860832\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way Project The Milky Way Project is a Zooniverse project whose main goal is to identify stellar-wind bubbles in the Milky Way Galaxy. Users classify sets of infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Scientists believe bubbles in these images are the result of young, massive stars whose light causes shocks in interstellar gas. The Milky Way Project works with data taken from the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer Galactic Plane Survey (MIPSGAL) and Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE). Only a small part uses WISE data. The project looks\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way Project\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929285\",\n \"text\": \"of galaxy clusters due to the expansion of space. Individual galaxies, including the Milky Way, have peculiar velocities relative to the average flow. Thus, to compare the Milky Way to the Hubble flow, one must consider a volume large enough so that the expansion of the Universe dominates over local, random motions. A large enough volume means that the mean motion of galaxies within this volume is equal to the Hubble flow. Astronomers believe the Milky Way is moving at approximately with respect to this local co-moving frame of reference. The Milky Way is moving in the general direction of\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929233\",\n \"text\": \"galactic pole is near α Sculptoris. Because of this high inclination, depending on the time of night and year, the arch of the Milky Way may appear relatively low or relatively high in the sky. For observers from latitudes approximately 65° north to 65° south, the Milky Way passes directly overhead twice a day. The Milky Way is the second-largest galaxy in the Local Group, with its stellar disk approximately in diameter and, on average, approximately thick. To compare the relative physical scale of the Milky Way, if the Solar System out to Neptune were the size of a US\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929284\",\n \"text\": \"importance of unknown lateral components to the galaxies' relative motion. If they collide, the chance of individual stars colliding with each other is extremely low, but instead the two galaxies will merge to form a single elliptical galaxy or perhaps a large disk galaxy over the course of about a billion years. Although special relativity states that there is no \\\"preferred\\\" inertial frame of reference in space with which to compare the Milky Way, the Milky Way does have a velocity with respect to cosmological frames of reference. One such frame of reference is the Hubble flow, the apparent motions\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929289\",\n \"text\": \"and Caer Arianrhod (\\\"The Fortress of Arianrhod\\\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis. In western culture, the name \\\"Milky Way\\\" is derived from its appearance as a dim un-resolved \\\"milky\\\" glowing band arching across the night sky. The term is a translation of the Classical Latin \\\"via lactea\\\", in turn derived from the Hellenistic Greek , short for (', \\\"milky circle\\\"). The Ancient Greek (') – from root -, (\\\"milk\\\") + (forming adjectives) – is also the root of \\\"galaxy\\\", the name for our, and later all such, collections of stars. In Greek mythology, the Milky Way was formed after\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929226\",\n \"text\": \"that the Milky Way contained all the stars in the Universe. Following the 1920 Great Debate between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis, observations by Edwin Hubble showed that the Milky Way is just one of many galaxies. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter between 150,000 and 200,000 light-years (ly). It is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars and more than 100 billion planets. The Solar System is located at a radius of 26,490 (± 100) light-years from the Galactic Center, on the inner edge of the Orion Arm, one of the spiral-shaped concentrations\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929240\",\n \"text\": \"Small Magellanic Clouds, whose closest approach to the Galactic Center is about . At this distance or beyond, the orbits of most halo objects would be disrupted by the Magellanic Clouds. Hence, such objects would probably be ejected from the vicinity of the Milky Way. The integrated absolute visual magnitude of the Milky Way is estimated to be around −20.9. Both gravitational microlensing and planetary transit observations indicate that there may be at least as many planets bound to stars as there are stars in the Milky Way, and microlensing measurements indicate that there are more rogue planets not bound\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929270\",\n \"text\": \"was spinning relatively quickly. Due to conservation of angular momentum, this led the gaseous interstellar medium to collapse from a roughly spheroidal shape to a disk. Therefore, later generations of stars formed in this spiral disk. Most younger stars, including the Sun, are observed to be in the disk. Since the first stars began to form, the Milky Way has grown through both galaxy mergers (particularly early in the Milky Way's growth) and accretion of gas directly from the Galactic halo. The Milky Way is currently accreting material from several small galaxies, including two of its largest satellite galaxies, the\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6400378\",\n \"text\": \"gas halo of the Milky Way that strip cold gas from the satellites. Satellites beyond that region still retain copious quantities of gas. The Milky Way's satellite galaxies include the following: The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is currently in the process of being consumed by the Milky Way and is expected to pass through it within the next 100 million years. The Sagittarius Stream is a stream of stars in polar orbit around the Milky Way leeched from the Sagittarius Dwarf. The Virgo Stellar Stream is a stream of stars that is believed to have once been an orbiting dwarf\",\n \"title\": \"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6400376\",\n \"text\": \"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group. There are 59 small galaxies confirmed to be within of the Milky Way, but not all of them are necessarily in orbit, and some may themselves be in orbit of other satellite galaxies. The only ones visible to the naked eye are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which have been observed since prehistory. Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2006 suggest the Magellanic\",\n \"title\": \"Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929293\",\n \"text\": \"stars but appears to be a continuous image due to the effect of refraction in Earth's atmosphere, citing his observation of a conjunction of Jupiter and Mars in 1106 or 1107 as evidence. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya (1292–1350) proposed that the Milky Way is \\\"a myriad of tiny stars packed together in the sphere of the fixed stars\\\" and that these stars are larger than planets. According to Jamil Ragep, the Persian astronomer Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (1201–1274) in his \\\"Tadhkira\\\" writes: \\\"The Milky Way, i.e. the Galaxy, is made up of a very large number of small, tightly clustered stars, which,\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741315\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way and is obscured by galactic dust. The Circinus Galaxy is a Type II Seyfert galaxy and is one of the closest known active galaxies to the Milky Way, though it is probably slightly farther away than Centaurus A. Circinus Galaxy produced supernova SN 1996cr, which was identified over a decade after it exploded. This supernova event was first observed during 2001 as a bright, variable object in a Chandra X-ray Observatory image, but it was not confirmed as a supernova until years later. The Circinus Galaxy is one of twelve large galaxies in the \\\"Council of Giants\\\" surrounding\",\n \"title\": \"Circinus Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929269\",\n \"text\": \"curve. The Milky Way began as one or several small overdensities in the mass distribution in the Universe shortly after the Big Bang. Some of these overdensities were the seeds of globular clusters in which the oldest remaining stars in what is now the Milky Way formed. Nearly half the matter in the Milky Way may have come from other distant galaxies. Nonetheless, these stars and clusters now comprise the stellar halo of the Milky Way. Within a few billion years of the birth of the first stars, the mass of the Milky Way was large enough so that it\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929254\",\n \"text\": \"Center. The Far 3 kpc Arm was discovered in 2008 by astronomer Tom Dame (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA). It is located in the first galactic quadrant at a distance of 3 kpc (about 10,000 ly) from the Galactic Center. A simulation published in 2011 suggested that the Milky Way may have obtained its spiral arm structure as a result of repeated collisions with the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. It has been suggested that the Milky Way contains two different spiral patterns: an inner one, formed by the Sagittarius arm, that rotates fast and an outer one, formed by the Carina and Perseus\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929278\",\n \"text\": \"Galaxy rips off huge tails of gas, which, over time can coalesce to form dwarf galaxies in a ring at an arbitrary angle to the main disc. In November 2018, astronomers reported the discovery of one of the oldest stars in the universe. About 13.5 billion-years-old, 2MASS J18082002-5104378 B is a tiny ultra metal-poor (UMP) star made almost entirely of materials released from the Big Bang, and is possibly one of the very first stars. The discovery of the star in the Milky Way galaxy suggests that the galaxy may be at least 3 billion years older than previously thought.\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2032238\",\n \"text\": \"all other universes – finally removed from the WSOGMM. Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series \\\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\\\". The series is set in a fictionalised version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \\\"real world\\\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth. \\\"The Galaxy\\\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \\\"the Galaxy\\\" in the series. Apart from a\",\n \"title\": \"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2032134\",\n \"text\": \"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy This is a list of places featured in Douglas Adams's science fiction series \\\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\\\". The series is set in a fictionalised version of the Milky Way galaxy and thus, while most locations are pure invention, many are based on \\\"real world\\\" settings such as Alpha Centauri, Barnard's Star and various versions of the Earth. \\\"The Galaxy\\\" is our home galaxy, the Milky Way, though it is referred to exclusively as \\\"the Galaxy\\\" in the series. Apart from a very brief moment during the first radio series, when\",\n \"title\": \"Places in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4742697\",\n \"text\": \"of the day, which was in turn named after the Earth’s galaxy. On March 10, 1925, the Milky Way trademark was registered in the U.S., claiming a first-use date of 1922. In 1924, the Milky Way bar was introduced nationally and sold $800,000 that year. The chocolate for the chocolate coating was supplied by Hershey's. By 1926, it came out in two flavors: chocolate nougat with milk chocolate coating, and vanilla nougat with a dark chocolate coating, each for a nickel. In June 1932, the Milky Way bar was sold as a two-piece bar, but just four years later, in\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929272\",\n \"text\": \"Galaxy lie in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the \\\"green valley\\\", a region populated by galaxies in transition from the \\\"blue cloud\\\" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the \\\"red sequence\\\" (galaxies that lack star formation). Star-formation activity in green valley galaxies is slowing as they run out of star-forming gas in the interstellar medium. In simulated galaxies with similar properties, star formation will typically have been extinguished within about five billion years from now, even accounting for the expected, short-term increase in the rate of star formation due to the collision between both the Milky\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18576420\",\n \"text\": \"HI (atomic hydrogen) disk of the Milky Way Galaxy to the tidal effects of a perturbing galaxy. The unseen perturber's mass was calculated to be about 1% of that of the Milky Way, which would make it the third heaviest satellite of the Milky Way, after the Magellanic Clouds (Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud, each some 10x larger than Galaxy X). In this hypothetical model, the putative satellite galaxy would have interacted with the Milky Way some 600 million years ago, coming as close as , and would now be moving away from the Milky Way. The name\",\n \"title\": \"Galaxy X (galaxy)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2519618\",\n \"text\": \"time. (Since 2003, the newly discovered Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy is considered the actual nearest neighbor.) Although it is one of the closest companion galaxies to the Milky Way, the main parent cluster is on the opposite side of the galactic core from Earth, and consequently is very faint, although covering a large area of the sky. Sgr dSph appears to be an older galaxy, with little interstellar dust and composed largely of Population II stars, older and metal-poor, as compared to the Milky Way. No neutral hydrogen gas related to Sgr dSph has been found. Further discoveries by astrophysics\",\n \"title\": \"Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741314\",\n \"text\": \"Circinus Galaxy The Circinus Galaxy (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy in the constellation of Circinus. It is located 4 degrees below the Galactic plane, and, at a distance of , and is one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way. The galaxy is undergoing tumultuous changes, as rings of gas are likely being ejected from the galaxy. Its outermost ring is 1400 light-years across while the inner ring is 260 light-years across. Although the Circinus galaxy can be seen using a small telescope, it was not noticed until 1977 because it lies close to the plane of the\",\n \"title\": \"Circinus Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3741316\",\n \"text\": \"the Local Group in the Local Sheet.<ref name=\\\"10.1093/mnras/stu199\\\"> </ref> Circinus Galaxy The Circinus Galaxy (ESO 97-G13) is a Seyfert galaxy in the constellation of Circinus. It is located 4 degrees below the Galactic plane, and, at a distance of , and is one of the closest galaxies to the Milky Way. The galaxy is undergoing tumultuous changes, as rings of gas are likely being ejected from the galaxy. Its outermost ring is 1400 light-years across while the inner ring is 260 light-years across. Although the Circinus galaxy can be seen using a small telescope, it was not noticed until 1977\",\n \"title\": \"Circinus Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4742700\",\n \"text\": \"Caramel bar contains 250 calories in each 54 gram bar. In November 2012, a new print and digital advertising campaign was launched in the U.S. called \\\"Sorry, I was Eating a Milky Way\\\". This campaign portrays the comical aftermath of what happens after someone (off camera) was distracted due to eating a Milky Way bar. This campaign originated from the insight that eating a Milky Way bar is a slow and involved process due to its caramel, chocolate, and nougat. The bar's European version has no caramel topping, and consists of a nougat center that is considerably lighter than that\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929230\",\n \"text\": \"distant stars. The area of sky that the Milky Way obscures is called the Zone of Avoidance. The Milky Way has a relatively low surface brightness. Its visibility can be greatly reduced by background light, such as light pollution or moonlight. The sky needs to be darker than about 20.2 magnitude per square arcsecond in order for the Milky Way to be visible. It should be visible if the limiting magnitude is approximately +5.1 or better and shows a great deal of detail at +6.1. This makes the Milky Way difficult to see from brightly lit urban or suburban areas,\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929292\",\n \"text\": \"heavenly motions.\\\" The Neoplatonist philosopher Olympiodorus the Younger (–570 ) criticized this view, arguing that if the Milky Way were sublunary, it should appear different at different times and places on Earth, and that it should have parallax, which it does not. In his view, the Milky Way is celestial. This idea would be influential later in the Islamic world. The Persian astronomer Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048) proposed that the Milky Way is \\\"a collection of countless fragments of the nature of nebulous stars\\\". The Andalusian astronomer Avempace ( 1138) proposed the Milky Way to be made up of many\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18576422\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"Galaxy X\\\" Galaxy X (galaxy) Galaxy X is a postulated dark satellite dwarf galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy. If it exists, it would be composed mostly of dark matter and interstellar gas with few stars. Its proposed location is some from the Sun, behind the disk of the Milky Way, and some in extent. Galactic coordinates would be (l= -27.4°,b=-1.08°). Observational evidence for this galaxy was presented in 2015, based on the claimed discovery of four, Cepheid variable stars by Sukanya Chakrabarti (RIT) and collaborators. Search for the stars was motivated by an earlier study that linked a\",\n \"title\": \"Galaxy X (galaxy)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18576419\",\n \"text\": \"Galaxy X (galaxy) Galaxy X is a postulated dark satellite dwarf galaxy of the Milky Way Galaxy. If it exists, it would be composed mostly of dark matter and interstellar gas with few stars. Its proposed location is some from the Sun, behind the disk of the Milky Way, and some in extent. Galactic coordinates would be (l= -27.4°,b=-1.08°). Observational evidence for this galaxy was presented in 2015, based on the claimed discovery of four, Cepheid variable stars by Sukanya Chakrabarti (RIT) and collaborators. Search for the stars was motivated by an earlier study that linked a warp in the\",\n \"title\": \"Galaxy X (galaxy)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929256\",\n \"text\": \"thick disk of the Milky Way. The Galactic disk is surrounded by a spheroidal halo of old stars and globular clusters, of which 90% lie within of the Galactic Center. However, a few globular clusters have been found farther, such as PAL 4 and AM1 at more than 200,000 light-years from the Galactic Center. About 40% of the Milky Way's clusters are on retrograde orbits, which means they move in the opposite direction from the Milky Way rotation. The globular clusters can follow rosette orbits about the Milky Way, in contrast to the elliptical orbit of a planet around a\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18166399\",\n \"text\": \"Galaxies within a group interact and merge. The physical process behind this galaxy-galaxy merger is dynamical friction. The time-scales for dynamical friction on luminous (or L*) galaxies suggest that fossil groups are old, undisturbed systems that have seen little infall of L* galaxies since their initial collapse. Fossil groups are thus an important laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intragroup medium in an isolated system. Fossil groups may still contain unmerged dwarf galaxies, but the more massive members of the group have condensed into the central galaxy. The closest fossil group to the Milky Way\",\n \"title\": \"Galaxy group\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929236\",\n \"text\": \"of the mass of the Milky Way appears to be dark matter, an unknown and invisible form of matter that interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter. A dark matter halo is conjectured to spread out relatively uniformly to a distance beyond one hundred kiloparsecs (kpc) from the Galactic Center. Mathematical models of the Milky Way suggest that the mass of dark matter is 1–1.5 . Recent studies indicate a range in mass, as large as 4.5 and as small as 8 . The total mass of all the stars in the Milky Way is estimated to be between 4.6 and 6.43\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9797731\",\n \"text\": \"and Jansenism. Rotten Tomatoes reports 93% approval for \\\"The Milky Way\\\", with an average rating of 7.7/10 among 14 critics. The Milky Way (1969 film) The Milky Way () is a 1969 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel. It stars Laurent Terzieff, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Georges Marchal and Michel Piccoli. Buñuel later called \\\"The Milky Way\\\" the first in a trilogy (along with \\\"The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie\\\" and \\\"The Phantom of Liberty\\\") about \\\"the search for truth.\\\" The title of the film is taken from a popular name used for the Way of St. James, a route\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (1969 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929228\",\n \"text\": \"This conjectural mass has been termed \\\"dark matter\\\". The rotational period is about 240 million years at the radius of the Sun. The Milky Way as a whole is moving at a velocity of approximately 600 km per second with respect to extragalactic frames of reference. The oldest stars in the Milky Way are nearly as old as the Universe itself and thus probably formed shortly after the Dark Ages of the Big Bang. The Milky Way has several satellite galaxies and is part of the Local Group of galaxies, which form part of the Virgo Supercluster, which is itself\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929261\",\n \"text\": \"about one-sixth as much baryonic (ordinary) matter as dark matter when it was just a few billion years old. However, only about half of those baryons are accounted for in the modern Universe based on observations of nearby galaxies like the Milky Way. If the finding that the mass of the halo is comparable to the mass of the Milky Way is confirmed, it could be the identity of the missing baryons around the Milky Way. The Sun is near the inner rim of the Orion Arm, within the Local Fluff of the Local Bubble, and in the Gould Belt,\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5631344\",\n \"text\": \"being tidally disrupted by the Milky Way galaxy. Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is a dwarf galaxy in the Carina constellation. It was discovered in 1977 with the UK Schmidt Telescope by Cannon et al. The Carina Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way and is receding from it at 230 km/s. The diameter of the galaxy is about 1600 light-years, which is 75 times smaller than the Milky Way. Most of the stars in the galaxy formed 7 billion years ago, although it also experienced bursts of star formation about 13\",\n \"title\": \"Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929229\",\n \"text\": \"a component of the Laniakea Supercluster. The Milky Way is visible from Earth as a hazy band of white light, some 30° wide, arching across the night sky. In night sky observing, although all the individual naked-eye stars in the entire sky are part of the Milky Way, the term “Milky Way” is limited to this band of light. The light originates from the accumulation of unresolved stars and other material located in the direction of the galactic plane. Dark regions within the band, such as the Great Rift and the Coalsack, are areas where interstellar dust blocks light from\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929294\",\n \"text\": \"on account of their concentration and smallness, seem to be cloudy patches. Because of this, it was likened to milk in color.\\\" Actual proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars. In a treatise in 1755, Immanuel Kant, drawing on earlier work by Thomas Wright, speculated (correctly) that the Milky Way might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars, held together by gravitational forces akin to the Solar System\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929282\",\n \"text\": \"absorbed by the Milky Way, such as the progenitor of Omega Centauri. In 2014 researchers reported that most satellite galaxies of the Milky Way actually lie in a very large disk and orbit in the same direction. This came as a surprise: according to standard cosmology, the satellite galaxies should form in dark matter halos, and they should be widely distributed and moving in random directions. This discrepancy is still not fully explained. In January 2006, researchers reported that the heretofore unexplained warp in the disk of the Milky Way has now been mapped and found to be a ripple\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929239\",\n \"text\": \"gas. The disk of stars in the Milky Way does not have a sharp edge beyond which there are no stars. Rather, the concentration of stars decreases with distance from the center of the Milky Way. For reasons that are not understood, beyond a radius of roughly 40,000 ly (13 kpc) from the center, the number of stars per cubic parsec drops much faster with radius. Surrounding the galactic disk is a spherical Galactic Halo of stars and globular clusters that extends further outward but is limited in size by the orbits of two Milky Way satellites, the Large and\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18601043\",\n \"text\": \"system as being closest to the sun, followed by the milky way, then nearby galaxies, distant galaxies, and finally the early universe. Looking at the scale the location of the Gioiello Cluster from the sun, shows a stretch all the way to the early universe category. Proving that is the most distant galaxy cluster that has ever been discovered thus far. Although, in the past astronomers and X-Ray observers have discovered several smaller galaxy clusters that are quite close to the distance of Gioiello. These clusters have been identified as being more than 9.5 billion light-years away. However, some of\",\n \"title\": \"Gioiello (galaxy cluster)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7707090\",\n \"text\": \"Live at the Milky Way Live at the Milky Way is a live album by Captain Sensible, released in 1994 by Humbug Records. It was recorded at the Milky Way club in Amsterdam on the final gig of a European tour supporting the album \\\"The Universe of Geoffrey Brown\\\". Sensible's backing band, known as the Ugly Sods, features ex-Damned bassist Paul Gray, keyboardist Malcolm Dixon and drummer Garrie Dreadful. In his review for AllMusic, Bruce Eder wrote that \\\"Live at the Milky Way\\\" includes \\\"hard grinding, deep crunching, yet richly recorded versions of \\\"Jet Boy Jet Girl,\\\" \\\"Neat Neat Neat,\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Live at the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1500451\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way (amusement park) The Milky Way Adventure Park is a tourist attraction at Higher Clovelly near Clovelly and Bideford in North Devon. It was named as Devon's Large Attraction of the Year by Visit Devon in 2016, and as one of the UK’s best amusement parks by Trip Advisor in both its 2015 and 2016 Travellers Choice Awards, and many more regional and county awards for excellence. The Milky Way has over 110,000 sq ft of indoor and outdoor activities, making it the biggest all weather, family day out in North Devon. Thousands visit The Milky Way Adventure\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (amusement park)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929231\",\n \"text\": \"but very prominent when viewed from rural areas when the Moon is below the horizon. Maps of artificial night sky brightness show that more than one-third of Earth's population cannot see the Milky Way from their homes due to light pollution. As viewed from Earth, the visible region of the Milky Way's galactic plane occupies an area of the sky that includes 30 constellations. The Galactic Center lies in the direction of Sagittarius, where the Milky Way is brightest. From Sagittarius, the hazy band of white light appears to pass around to the galactic anticenter in Auriga. The band then\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4742696\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar) The Milky Way bar is a chocolate-covered confectionary bar manufactured and distributed by the Mars confectionery company. Introduced in 1923, the Milky Way bar's American version is made of chocolate-malt nougat topped with caramel and covered with milk chocolate, similar to the Mars bar sold outside of the U.S. The global Milky Way is a different chocolate candy bar similar to the American 3 Musketeers. The Milky Way bar was created in 1923 by Frank C. Mars and originally manufactured in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The name and taste were taken from a famed malted milk drink (milkshake)\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9797721\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way (1969 film) The Milky Way () is a 1969 surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel. It stars Laurent Terzieff, Paul Frankeur, Delphine Seyrig, Georges Marchal and Michel Piccoli. Buñuel later called \\\"The Milky Way\\\" the first in a trilogy (along with \\\"The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie\\\" and \\\"The Phantom of Liberty\\\") about \\\"the search for truth.\\\" The title of the film is taken from a popular name used for the Way of St. James, a route often traveled by religious pilgrims that stretched from northern Europe to the Santiago de Compostela in Spain, where the Remains\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (1969 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9122006\",\n \"text\": \"negligible because of the huge distances between the stars. For example, the nearest star to the Sun is Proxima Centauri, about or 30 million (3) solar diameters away. If the Sun were a ping-pong ball, Proxima Centauri would be a pea about away, and the Milky Way would be about 30 million km ( million mi) wide. Although stars are more common near the centers of each galaxy, the average distance between stars is still 160 billion (1.6) km (100 billion mi). That is analogous to one ping-pong ball every . Thus, it is extremely unlikely that any two stars\",\n \"title\": \"Andromeda–Milky Way collision\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5423436\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way (1940 film) The Milky Way is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres with the film \\\"The Captain Is a Lady\\\" in 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. The short, produced and directed by Rudolf Ising and co-produced by Fred Quimby with musical supervision by Scott Bradley, explores the adventures of the \\\"three little kittens who lost their mittens\\\", as they explore a dreamland where space is made up entirely of dairy products (for example, the Milky Way is made of milk and the moon is made of cheese). Mars is depicted as\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17965810\",\n \"text\": \"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens) The Origin of the Milky Way, or The Birth of the Milky Way, is a painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, featuring the Greco-Roman myth of the origin of the Milky Way. The painting depicts Hera (Juno), spilling her breast milk, the infant Heracles (Hercules) and Zeus (Jupiter) in the background, identifiable by his eagle and lightning bolts. Hera's face is modelled on Rubens' wife, Hélène Fourment. The carriage is pulled by Hera's favourite animals, peacocks. Due to the dark background of the night sky the figures gain a greater sense\",\n \"title\": \"The Origin of the Milky Way (Rubens)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5423438\",\n \"text\": \"the Milky Way, they find it a land of natural milk springs and gushers. The kittens proceed to happily gorge themselves on milk. However, it turns out to be just a dream. The Milky Way (1940 film) The Milky Way is a one-reel animated cartoon short subject, produced in Technicolor and released to theatres with the film \\\"The Captain Is a Lady\\\" in 1940 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer. The short, produced and directed by Rudolf Ising and co-produced by Fred Quimby with musical supervision by Scott Bradley, explores the adventures of the \\\"three little kittens who lost their mittens\\\", as they\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (1940 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"161432\",\n \"text\": \"asleep so that the baby will drink her divine milk and will thus become immortal. Hera wakes up while breastfeeding and then realizes she is nursing an unknown baby: she pushes the baby away, some of her milk spills, and it produces the faint band of light known as the Milky Way. In the astronomical literature, the capitalized word \\\"Galaxy\\\" is often used to refer to our galaxy, the Milky Way, to distinguish it from the other galaxies in our universe. The English term \\\"Milky Way\\\" can be traced back to a story by Chaucer : Galaxies were initially discovered\",\n \"title\": \"Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4742706\",\n \"text\": \"the 1990s showed how light in weight the Milky Way bars were via showing that they floated on milk, but this actually shows that they are less dense than milk. Milky Ways still float on milk today, except for the U.S.A. version, which has caramel on the nougat, making it denser than the worldwide version. Milky Way (chocolate bar) The Milky Way bar is a chocolate-covered confectionary bar manufactured and distributed by the Mars confectionery company. Introduced in 1923, the Milky Way bar's American version is made of chocolate-malt nougat topped with caramel and covered with milk chocolate, similar to\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929242\",\n \"text\": \"of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 4.2 light-years away, according to a 2016 study. Such Earth-sized planets may be more numerous than gas giants. Besides exoplanets, \\\"exocomets\\\", comets beyond the Solar System, have also been detected and may be common in the Milky Way. The Milky Way consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a disk of gas, dust and stars. The mass distribution within the Milky Way closely resembles the type Sbc in the Hubble classification, which represents spiral galaxies with relatively loosely wound arms. Astronomers first began to\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929241\",\n \"text\": \"to host stars than there are stars. The Milky Way contains at least one planet per star, resulting in 100–400 billion planets, according to a January 2013 study of the five-planet star system Kepler-32 with the Kepler space observatory. A different January 2013 analysis of Kepler data estimated that at least 17 billion Earth-sized exoplanets reside in the Milky Way. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on \\\"Kepler\\\" space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5929252\",\n \"text\": \"extinction, detected the predicted overabundance in the Scutum–Centaurus arm but not in the Carina–Sagittarius arm: the Scutum-Centaurus Arm contains approximately 30% more red giants than would be expected in the absence of a spiral arm. This observation suggests that the Milky Way possesses only two major stellar arms: the Perseus arm and the Scutum–Centaurus arm. The rest of the arms contain excess gas but not excess old stars. In December 2013, astronomers found that the distribution of young stars and star-forming regions matches the four-arm spiral description of the Milky Way. Thus, the Milky Way appears to have two spiral\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4742699\",\n \"text\": \"on sale. This version has no nougat and is made of caramel covered in milk chocolate. In 2011, a fun size offering of the Simply Caramel bar was introduced. In 2012, Milky Way Caramel Apple Minis went on sale as a limited time offer for the Halloween season. In late summer of 2018, Milky Way Fudge, which replaces the malt nougat with chocolate fudge nougat, was introduced nationwide. The American Milky Way bar contains 240 calories in each 52.2 gram bar, while the smaller Milky Way Midnight contains 220 calories in each 50 gram bar and the Milky Way Simply\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (chocolate bar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20040844\",\n \"text\": \"Gamezebo thought it was “charmingly retro.” iDigitalTimes gave it 5/5, saying that it was “already a strong contender for one of the best mobile games of 2017,” because of its “engaging storyline, beautiful graphics and clever gameplay.” \\\"Macworld\\\" thought that “everything about Milkmaid of the Milky Way has clearly been carefully designed, and the result is gorgeous.” Also, \\\"Pocket Gamer\\\" gave the game the “Pocket Game Silver Award.\\\" Milkmaid of the Milky Way Milkmaid of the Milky Way is an adventure indie game for iOS, Android, Windows, and macOS. It was developed by Mattis \\\"machineboy\\\" Folkestad and released on January\",\n \"title\": \"Milkmaid of the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5892887\",\n \"text\": \"regarded as a heavenly reflection of the sacred River Boyne, which is described as \\\"the Great Silver Yoke\\\" and the \\\"White Marrow of Fedlimid,\\\" names which could equally apply to the Milky Way. (\\\"Mór-Chuing Argait\\\", \\\"Smir Find Fedlimthi\\\"). Other names include: In Hungarian mythology, Csaba, the mythical son of Attila the Hun and ancestor of the Hungarians, is supposed to ride down the Milky Way when the Székelys (ethnic Hungarians living in Transylvania) are threatened. Thus the Milky Way is called \\\"The Road of the Warriors\\\" (lit. \\\"Road of Armies\\\") . The stars are sparks from their horseshoes. To the\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15183612\",\n \"text\": \"projects include improvements to the ShowBarn and some of the roads. Milky Way Farm Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; the farm and manor house are now used for weddings, tours, trail runs, & special events. Franklin Mars and his second wife, Ethel V. Mars, purchased the property\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way Farm\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4214201\",\n \"text\": \"Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy The Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy (also known as Sculptor Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy or the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy that is a satellite of the Milky Way. The galaxy lies within the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered in 1937 by American astronomer Harlow Shapley using the 24-inch Bruce refractor at Boyden Observatory. The galaxy is located about 290,000 light-years away from the Solar System. The Sculptor Dwarf contains only 4 percent of the carbon and other heavy elements in our own galaxy, the Milky Way, making it similar to primitive galaxies seen at the\",\n \"title\": \"Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7452838\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way\\\" as \\\"[The Church's] signature track ... [which] caught them at their peak of guitar-fuelled creativity ... [it is] the elegiac centrepiece of the record ... sounded like an induction, with its soft, monkish keyboard washes and ringing guitar chords, but it never reaches the point of transition where one world gives way to the next ... possibly concerned with drugs, but it transcends any single setting or worldview\\\". Sources: \\\"Under The Milky Way\\\" was featured in the season 1 episode of \\\"Scorpion\\\" titled \\\"Charades\\\", the episode \\\"Asian Cut\\\" in Season 5 of Miami Vice, and also in the\",\n \"title\": \"Under the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5892879\",\n \"text\": \"said to be two lovers who were allowed to meet only once a year on the seventh day of the seventh month, when a flock of magpies and crows formed a bridge over the galactic river. That day is celebrated as Qi Xi, the \\\"Seventh Night\\\" (, and ). In Egyptian mythology, the Milky Way was considered a pool of cow's milk. The Milky Way was deified as a fertility cow-goddess by the name of Bat (later on syncretized with the sky goddess Hathor). Among the Finns, Estonians and related peoples, the Milky Way was and is called \\\"The Pathway\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way (mythology)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17909214\",\n \"text\": \"astrophysics, biology, and other diverse areas of science. In this episode, Tyson takes a tour of the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy, explores the life of Renaissance philosopher Giordano Bruno and his vision of the cosmos, goes through a Cosmic Calendar from the beginning of the universe until the present, and ends with a tribute to Carl Sagan. The episode was first presented with a brief introduction by the President of the United States Barack Obama. The episode received positive reviews by critics, but was criticized on issues like the historical accuracy in the presentation of Giordano Bruno's\",\n \"title\": \"Standing Up in the Milky Way\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8505407\",\n \"text\": \"The Milky Way (1936 film) The Milky Way is a 1936 comedy film starring Harold Lloyd. Directed by comedy veteran Leo McCarey, the film was written by Grover Jones, Frank Butler and Richard Connell based on a play of the same name by Lynn Root and Harry Clork which was presented on Broadway in 1934. An example of the popular screwball comedy genre of the time, and critically Harold Lloyd's most successful talkie, it tells the story of a Brooklyn milkman who becomes middleweight boxing champion. \\\"The Milky Way\\\" features supporting performances by Adolphe Menjou and Verree Teasdale. Timid milkman\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way (1936 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15860836\",\n \"text\": \"additionally search for yellowballs, pillars and bowshocks. Phase 3 aims to create a reliable bubble catalog (DR2) with the data from phase 2+3 (4.4 million classifications), an improved yellowball catalog and the largest bowshock catalog to date. For this goal the 24 μm part of the image is important: Bubbles are more easy to spot and bowshocks are most of the time visible at this wavelength. The \\\"MWP classification aggregation pipeline\\\" is continuously tested and modified to avoid issues that were encountered in DR1. Zooniverse projects: The Milky Way Project The Milky Way Project is a Zooniverse project whose main\",\n \"title\": \"The Milky Way Project\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15183607\",\n \"text\": \"buried in a mausoleum on Milky Way Farm. His widow, Ethel Mars, oversaw the planned livestock operations. Milky Way Farm produced prize-winning Hereford cattle and thoroughbred horses that were winners on the racetrack, beginning with the farm's first racing season in 1934. Winnings in 1936 totaled $206,450, making the Milky Way Farm stable the season's most successful owner on the U.S. thoroughbred racing circuit. In 1940, Milky Way Farm's Gallahadion won the Kentucky Derby. In March 1945, when Ethel Mars was in declining health (she died in December 1945), the farm was sold. In the subsequent decades it fell into\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way Farm\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3712970\",\n \"text\": \"believe the largest globular cluster in the Milky Way, Omega Centauri, is in fact the core of a dwarf galaxy with a black hole at its centre, which was at some time absorbed by the Milky Way. In astronomy, a blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD galaxy) is a small galaxy which contains large clusters of young, hot, massive stars. These stars, the brightest of which are blue, cause the galaxy itself to appear blue in colour. Most BCD galaxies are also classified as dwarf irregular galaxies or as dwarf lenticular galaxies. Because they are composed of star clusters, BCD galaxies\",\n \"title\": \"Dwarf galaxy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15183605\",\n \"text\": \"Milky Way Farm Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; the farm and manor house are now used for weddings, tours, trail runs, & special events. Franklin Mars and his second wife, Ethel V. Mars, purchased the property in 1930, shortly after establishing a southern office of Mars Candies\",\n \"title\": \"Milky Way Farm\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16172090\",\n \"text\": \"Mighty Milky Way Mighty Milky Way is an action puzzle video game for the Nintendo DSi. It is the second title after \\\"Mighty Flip Champs!\\\" in the \\\"Mighty\\\" series from WayForward Technologies. The game was released for download through DSiWare on May 9, 2011 in North America and May 27, 2011 in Europe. It was the last game officially released for the Nintendo DS in Japan. \\\"Mighty Milky Way\\\" tasks players with guiding Luna, a French-speaking extraterrestrial, safely towards a portal at the end of each level while avoiding enemies and electric barrels. Each level is filled with small planets,\",\n \"title\": \"Mighty Milky Way\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":284,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"285"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What person developed COBOL?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"85195","text":"existing applications. COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper, commonly referred to as \"the (grand)mother of COBOL\". It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. It was originally seen as a stopgap, but the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is \"ISO/IEC","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85204","text":"FLOW-MATIC's inventor, Grace Hopper, also served as a technical adviser to the committee. FLOW-MATIC's major contributions to COBOL were long variable names, English words for commands and the separation of data descriptions and instructions. IBM's COMTRAN language, invented by Bob Bemer, was regarded as a competitor to FLOW-MATIC by a short-range committee made up of colleagues of Grace Hopper. Some of its features were not incorporated into COBOL so that it would not look like IBM had dominated the design process, and Jean Sammet said in 1981 that there had been a \"strong anti-IBM bias\" from some committee members (herself","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85205","text":"included). In one case, after Roy Goldfinger, author of the COMTRAN manual and intermediate-range committee member, attended a subcommittee meeting to support his language and encourage the use of algebraic expressions, Grace Hopper sent a memo to the short-range committee reiterating Sperry Rand's efforts to create a language based on English. In 1980, Grace Hopper commented that \"COBOL 60 is 95% FLOW-MATIC\" and that COMTRAN had had an \"extremely small\" influence. Furthermore, she said that she would claim that work was influenced by both FLOW-MATIC and COMTRAN only to \"keep other people happy [so they] wouldn't try to knock us","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"63383","text":"which ran on the UNIVAC I. Another woman working at UNIVAC, Adele Mildred Koss, developed a program that was a precursor to report generators. In Russia, Kateryna Yushchenko developed the Address programming language for the MESM in 1955. The idea for the creation of COBOL started in 1959 when Mary K. Hawes, who worked for Burroghs Corporation, set up a meeting to discuss creating a common business language. She invited six people, including Grace Hopper. Hopper was involved in developing COBOL as a business language and creating \"self-documenting\" programming. Hopper's contribution to COBOL was based on her programming language, called","title":"Computer programming"},{"docid":"161861","text":"on COBOL was Mount Holyoke College alumnus Jean E. Sammet. From 1967 to 1977, Hopper served as the director of the Navy Programming Languages Group in the Navy's Office of Information Systems Planning and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1973. She developed validation software for COBOL and its compiler as part of a COBOL standardization program for the entire Navy. In the 1970s, Hopper advocated for the Defense Department to replace large, centralized systems with networks of small, distributed computers. Any user on any computer node could access common databases located on the network. She developed the","title":"Grace Hopper"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"85195\",\n \"text\": \"existing applications. COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper, commonly referred to as \\\"the (grand)mother of COBOL\\\". It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. It was originally seen as a stopgap, but the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is \\\"ISO/IEC\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85204\",\n \"text\": \"FLOW-MATIC's inventor, Grace Hopper, also served as a technical adviser to the committee. FLOW-MATIC's major contributions to COBOL were long variable names, English words for commands and the separation of data descriptions and instructions. IBM's COMTRAN language, invented by Bob Bemer, was regarded as a competitor to FLOW-MATIC by a short-range committee made up of colleagues of Grace Hopper. Some of its features were not incorporated into COBOL so that it would not look like IBM had dominated the design process, and Jean Sammet said in 1981 that there had been a \\\"strong anti-IBM bias\\\" from some committee members (herself\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85205\",\n \"text\": \"included). In one case, after Roy Goldfinger, author of the COMTRAN manual and intermediate-range committee member, attended a subcommittee meeting to support his language and encourage the use of algebraic expressions, Grace Hopper sent a memo to the short-range committee reiterating Sperry Rand's efforts to create a language based on English. In 1980, Grace Hopper commented that \\\"COBOL 60 is 95% FLOW-MATIC\\\" and that COMTRAN had had an \\\"extremely small\\\" influence. Furthermore, she said that she would claim that work was influenced by both FLOW-MATIC and COMTRAN only to \\\"keep other people happy [so they] wouldn't try to knock us\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"63383\",\n \"text\": \"which ran on the UNIVAC I. Another woman working at UNIVAC, Adele Mildred Koss, developed a program that was a precursor to report generators. In Russia, Kateryna Yushchenko developed the Address programming language for the MESM in 1955. The idea for the creation of COBOL started in 1959 when Mary K. Hawes, who worked for Burroghs Corporation, set up a meeting to discuss creating a common business language. She invited six people, including Grace Hopper. Hopper was involved in developing COBOL as a business language and creating \\\"self-documenting\\\" programming. Hopper's contribution to COBOL was based on her programming language, called\",\n \"title\": \"Computer programming\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"161861\",\n \"text\": \"on COBOL was Mount Holyoke College alumnus Jean E. Sammet. From 1967 to 1977, Hopper served as the director of the Navy Programming Languages Group in the Navy's Office of Information Systems Planning and was promoted to the rank of captain in 1973. She developed validation software for COBOL and its compiler as part of a COBOL standardization program for the entire Navy. In the 1970s, Hopper advocated for the Defense Department to replace large, centralized systems with networks of small, distributed computers. Any user on any computer node could access common databases located on the network. She developed the\",\n \"title\": \"Grace Hopper\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"85262","text":"in 1984 that \"academics ... hate COBOL\" and that computer science graduates \"had 'hate COBOL' drilled into them\". A 2013 poll by Micro Focus found that 20% of university academics thought COBOL was outdated or dead and that 55% believed their students thought COBOL was outdated or dead. The same poll also found that only 25% of academics had COBOL programming on their curriculum even though 60% thought they should teach it. In contrast, in 2003, COBOL featured in 80% of information systems curricula in the United States, the same proportion as C++ and Java. There was also significant condescension","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85211","text":"Committee to answer questions from users and vendors and to improve and expand the specifications. During 1960, the list of manufacturers planning to build COBOL compilers grew. By September, five more manufacturers had joined CODASYL (Bendix, Control Data Corporation, General Electric (GE), National Cash Register and Philco), and all represented manufacturers had announced COBOL compilers. GE and IBM planned to integrate COBOL into their own languages, GECOM and COMTRAN, respectively. In contrast, International Computers and Tabulators planned to replace their language, CODEL, with COBOL. Meanwhile, RCA and Sperry Rand worked on creating COBOL compilers. The first COBOL program ran on","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85194","text":"COBOL COBOL (; an acronym for \"common business-oriented language\") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in legacy applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. But due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"3116576","text":"COBOL ReSource COBOL ReSource is a Wang VS COBOL development and production environment for Unix. A product of Getronics (formerly Wang Laboratories, Inc.), COBOL ReSource was first released in 1993 as a tool to replatform and run Wang VS COBOL applications in Unix. It was updated and rereleased in 1995 and its maintenance and ongoing development outsourced to SRDI in the late 1990s. Wang dialects of COBOL-74 and COBOL-85 have important places in the evolution of COBOL. Wang was among the first, if not the first, to integrate COBOL into environments built from the ground up to be interactive as","title":"COBOL ReSource"},{"docid":"85258","text":"to inform COBOL users of the heavy reprogramming costs of implementing the new standard. As a result, the ANSI COBOL Committee received more than 2,200 letters from the public, mostly negative, requiring the committee to make changes. On the other hand, conversion to COBOL-85 was thought to increase productivity in future years, thus justifying the conversion costs. COBOL syntax has often been criticized for its verbosity. Proponents say that this was intended to make the code self-documenting, easing program maintenance. COBOL was also intended to be easy for programmers to learn and use, while still being readable to non-technical staff","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85254","text":"COBOL and several other contemporary languages; remarking that \"the use of COBOL cripples the mind\". In a published dissent to Dijkstra's remarks, the computer scientist Howard E. Tompkins claimed that unstructured COBOL tended to be \"written by programmers that have never had the benefit of structured COBOL taught well\", arguing that the issue was primarily one of training. One cause of spaghetti code was the statement. Attempts to remove s from COBOL code, however, resulted in convoluted programs and reduced code quality. s were largely replaced by the statement and procedures, which promoted modular programming and gave easy access to","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85225","text":"with other languages and technologies can be adopted\". In 2006 and 2012, \"Computerworld\" surveys found that over 60% of organizations used COBOL (more than C++ and Visual Basic .NET) and that for half of those, COBOL was used for the majority of their internal software. 36% of managers said they planned to migrate from COBOL, and 25% said they would like to if it was cheaper. Instead, some businesses have migrated their systems from expensive mainframes to cheaper, more modern systems, while maintaining their COBOL programs. COBOL has an English-like syntax, which is used to describe nearly everything in a","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85261","text":"Backus–Naur form which the committee did not know of. This resulted in \"severe\" criticism. Later, COBOL suffered from a shortage of material covering it; it took until 1963 for introductory books to appear (with Richard D. Irwin publishing a college textbook on COBOL in 1966). By 1985, there were twice as many books on Fortran and four times as many on BASIC as on COBOL in the Library of Congress. University professors taught more modern, state-of-the-art languages and techniques instead of COBOL which was said to have a \"trade school\" nature. Donald Nelson, chair of the CODASYL COBOL committee, said","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85213","text":"ALGOL's, although semantic ambiguities remained. Early COBOL compilers were primitive and slow. A 1962 US Navy evaluation found compilation speeds of 3–11 statements per minute. By mid-1964, they had increased to 11–1000 statements per minute. It was observed that increasing memory would drastically increase speed and that compilation costs varied wildly: costs per statement were between $0.23 and $18.91. In late 1962, IBM announced that COBOL would be their primary development language and that development of COMTRAN would cease. The COBOL specification was revised three times in the five years after its publication. COBOL-60 was replaced in 1961 by COBOL-61.","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"3116578","text":"compatibility features such as VS-style argument passing and return by reference between disjoint processes, and full PUTPARM/GETPARM functionality. Wang's premium XDMS file system was ported to Unix to serve as the file system for COBOL ReSource. Called PDMS, it has a track record of supporting shared access to multiple indexed files for user populations as large as 1,000. COBOL ReSource COBOL ReSource is a Wang VS COBOL development and production environment for Unix. A product of Getronics (formerly Wang Laboratories, Inc.), COBOL ReSource was first released in 1993 as a tool to replatform and run Wang VS COBOL applications in","title":"COBOL ReSource"},{"docid":"85264","text":"committee as to objective evidence. COBOL standards have repeatedly suffered from delays: COBOL-85 arrived five years later than hoped, COBOL 2002 was five years late, and COBOL 2014 was six years late. To combat delays, the standard committee allowed the creation of optional addenda which would add features more quickly than by waiting for the next standard revision. However, some committee members raised concerns about incompatibilities between implementations and frequent modifications of the standard. COBOL's data structures influenced subsequent programming languages. Its record and file structure influenced PL/I and Pascal, and the codice_32 clause was a predecessor to Pascal's variant","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85259","text":"such as managers. The desire for readability led to the use of English-like syntax and structural elements, such as nouns, verbs, clauses, sentences, sections, and divisions. Yet by 1984, maintainers of COBOL programs were struggling to deal with \"incomprehensible\" code and the main changes in COBOL-85 were there to help ease maintenance. Jean Sammet, a short-range committee member, noted that \"little attempt was made to cater to the professional programmer, in fact people whose main interest is programming tend to be very unhappy with COBOL\" which she attributed to COBOL's verbose syntax. The COBOL community has always been isolated from","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85251","text":"to be placed after the inner codice_1. The original (1959) COBOL specification supported the infamous statement, for which many compilers generated self-modifying code. codice_29 and codice_30 are procedure labels, and the single statement in procedure codice_29 executed after such an statement means instead. Many compilers still support it, but it was deemed obsolete in the COBOL 1985 standard and deleted in 2002. A \"Hello, world\" program in COBOL: When the – now famous – \"Hello, World!\" program example in \"The C Programming Language\" was first published in 1978 a similar mainframe COBOL program sample would have been submitted through JCL,","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85224","text":"2000 problem (Y2K) was the focus of significant COBOL programming effort, sometimes by the same programmers who had designed the systems decades before. The particular level of effort required to correct COBOL code has been attributed to the large amount of business-oriented COBOL, as business applications use dates heavily, and to fixed-length data fields. After the clean-up effort put into these programs for Y2K, a 2003 survey found that many remained in use. The authors said that the survey data suggest \"a gradual decline in the importance of Cobol in application development over the [following] 10 years unless ... integration","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85222","text":"compilers targeting the .NET Framework. There were many other new features, many of which had been in the \"CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development\" since 1978 and had missed the opportunity to be included in COBOL-85. These other features included: Three corrigenda were published for the standard: two in 2006 and one in 2009. Between 2003 and 2009, three technical reports were produced describing object finalization, XML processing and collection classes for COBOL. COBOL 2002 suffered from poor support: no compilers completely supported the standard. Micro Focus found that it was due to a lack of user demand for the new","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85214","text":"This was then replaced by the COBOL-61 Extended specifications in 1963, which introduced the sort and report writer facilities. The added facilities corrected flaws identified by Honeywell in late 1959 in a letter to the short-range committee. COBOL Edition 1965 brought further clarifications to the specifications and introduced facilities for handling mass storage files and tables. Efforts began to standardize COBOL to overcome incompatibilities between versions. In late 1962, both ISO and the United States of America Standards Institute (now ANSI) formed groups to create standards. ANSI produced \"USA Standard COBOL X3.23\" in August 1968, which became the cornerstone for","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85196","text":"1989:2014\". COBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which was designed to be self-documenting and highly readable. However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like , COBOL has a more English-like syntax (in this case, ). COBOL code is split into four \"divisions\" (identification, environment, data and procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. Lacking a large standard library, the standard specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class. Academic computer scientists were generally uninterested in business applications when COBOL was created and were not involved in its","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85256","text":"of procedures. This meant that control could jump to and return from any procedure, creating convoluted control flow and permitting a programmer to break the single-entry single-exit rule. This situation improved as COBOL adopted more features. COBOL-74 added subprograms, giving programmers the ability to control the data each part of the program could access. COBOL-85 then added nested subprograms, allowing programmers to hide subprograms. Further control over data and code came in 2002 when object-oriented programming, user-defined functions and user-defined data types were included. Nevertheless, much important legacy COBOL software uses unstructured code, which has become unmaintainable. It can be","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85229","text":"b TO x ROUNDED, y, z ROUNDED ADD a, b TO c END-ADD ADD a TO b COBOL can be written in two formats: fixed (the default) or free. In fixed-format, code must be aligned to fit in certain areas (a hold-over from using punched cards). Until COBOL 2002, these were: In COBOL 2002, Areas A and B were merged to form the program-text area, which now ends at an implementor-defined column. COBOL 2002 also introduced free-format code. Free-format code can be placed in any column of the file, as in newer programming languages. Comments are specified using codice_13, which","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"5083346","text":"deliberately optimized for COBOL. BLIS/COBOL BLIS/COBOL is a discontinued operating system that, unusually, was written in COBOL. It is the only such system to gain reasonably wide acceptance. It was optimised to compile business applications written in COBOL. BLIS was available on a range of Data General Nova and Data General Eclipse 16-bit minicomputers. It was marketed by Information Processing, Inc. (IPI), who regularly exhibited the product at the National Computer Conference in the 1970s and 80s. It was priced between US$830 and $10,000 depending on the number of supported users and features. In 1977, IPI boasted over 100 operational","title":"BLIS/COBOL"},{"docid":"85265","text":"records. Explicit file structure definitions preceded the development of database management systems and aggregated data was a significant advance over Fortran's arrays. codice_16 data declarations were incorporated into PL/I, with minor changes. COBOL's facility, although considered \"primitive\", influenced the development of include directives. The focus on portability and standardization meant programs written in COBOL could be portable and facilitated the spread of the language to a wide variety of hardware platforms and operating systems. Additionally, the well-defined division structure restricts the definition of external references to the Environment Division, which simplifies platform changes in particular. COBOL COBOL (; an acronym","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85260","text":"the computer science community. No academic computer scientists participated in the design of COBOL: all of those on the committee came from commerce or government. Computer scientists at the time were more interested in fields like numerical analysis, physics and system programming than the commercial file-processing problems which COBOL development tackled. Jean Sammet attributed COBOL's unpopularity to an initial \"snob reaction\" due to its inelegance, the lack of influential computer scientists participating in the design process and a disdain for business data processing. The COBOL specification used a unique \"notation\", or metalanguage, to define its syntax rather than the new","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85223","text":"features and due to the abolition of the NIST test suite, which had been used to test compiler conformance. The standardization process was also found to be slow and under-resourced. COBOL 2014 includes the following changes: COBOL programs are used globally in governments and businesses and are running on diverse operating systems such as z/OS, z/VSE, VME, Unix, OpenVMS and Windows. In 1997, the Gartner Group reported that 80% of the world's business ran on COBOL with over 200 billion lines of code and 5 billion lines more being written annually. Near the end of the 20th century, the year","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85216","text":"that were popular enough to warrant implementing. The Programming Language Committee also liaised with ECMA and the Japanese COBOL Standard committee. The Programming Language Committee was not well-known, however. The vice-president, William Rinehuls, complained that two-thirds of the COBOL community did not know of the committee's existence. It was also poor, lacking the funds to make public documents, such as minutes of meetings and change proposals, freely available. In 1974, ANSI published a revised version of (ANS) COBOL, containing new features such as file organizations, the statement and the segmentation module. Deleted features included the statement, the statement (which was","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85212","text":"17 August on an RCA 501. On December 6 and 7, the same COBOL program (albeit with minor changes) ran on an RCA computer and a Remington-Rand Univac computer, demonstrating that compatibility could be achieved. The relative influences of which languages were used continues to this day in the recommended advisory printed in all COBOL reference manuals: Many logical flaws were found in \"COBOL 60\", leading GE's Charles Katz to warn that it could not be interpreted unambiguously. A reluctant short-term committee enacted a total cleanup and, by March 1963, it was reported that COBOL's syntax was as definable as","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85209","text":"FACT had not been created with portability in mind or through manufacturer and user consensus. It also lacked a demonstrable implementation, allowing supporters of a FLOW-MATIC-based COBOL to overturn the resolution. RCA representative Howard Bromberg also blocked FACT, so that RCA's work on a COBOL implementation would not go to waste. It soon became apparent that the committee was too large for any further progress to be made quickly. A frustrated Howard Bromberg bought a $15 tombstone with \"COBOL\" engraved on it and sent it to Charles Phillips to demonstrate his displeasure. A sub-committee was formed to analyze existing languages","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"3116577","text":"well as batch. Wang also had a principal role in the COBOL standards bodies until the early 1990s. Wang extensions to COBOL involving record locking scope, rollback and rollforward recovery implemented at the file system level allowing transaction processing, and full interactive workstation screen I/O have often made it difficult to port Wang COBOL applications to other systems. On the surface COBOL ReSource appeals to VS users and software developers because it is faithful to the VS look and feel with 32 PFKeys, foreground suspension via Help, VS Field Attribute Characters, underlining, etc. Under the covers, however, are more significant","title":"COBOL ReSource"},{"docid":"85221","text":"a total of 200 billion lines of COBOL in existence, which ran 80% of all business programs. In the early 1990s, work began on adding object-orientation in the next full revision of COBOL. Object-oriented features were taken from C++ and Smalltalk. The initial estimate was to have this revision completed by 1997, and an ISO Committee Draft (CD) was available by 1997. Some vendors (including Micro Focus, Fujitsu, and IBM) introduced object-oriented syntax based on drafts of the full revision. The final approved ISO standard was approved and published in late 2002. Fujitsu/GTSoftware, Micro Focus and RainCode introduced object-oriented COBOL","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85217","text":"replaced by ) and the implementer-defined random access module (which was superseded by the new sequential and relative I/O modules). These made up 44 changes, which rendered existing statements incompatible with the new standard. The report writer was slated to be removed from COBOL, but was reinstated before the standard was published. ISO later adopted the updated standard in 1978. In June 1978, work began on revising COBOL-74. The proposed standard (commonly called COBOL-80) differed significantly from the previous one, causing concerns about incompatibility and conversion costs. In January 1981, Joseph T. Brophy, Senior Vice-President of Travelers Insurance, threatened to","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"5083344","text":"BLIS/COBOL BLIS/COBOL is a discontinued operating system that, unusually, was written in COBOL. It is the only such system to gain reasonably wide acceptance. It was optimised to compile business applications written in COBOL. BLIS was available on a range of Data General Nova and Data General Eclipse 16-bit minicomputers. It was marketed by Information Processing, Inc. (IPI), who regularly exhibited the product at the National Computer Conference in the 1970s and 80s. It was priced between US$830 and $10,000 depending on the number of supported users and features. In 1977, IPI boasted over 100 operational installations of the system","title":"BLIS/COBOL"},{"docid":"85228","text":"it, such as files and character sets. The data division is used to declare variables and parameters. The procedure division contains the program's statements. Each division is sub-divided into sections, which are made up of paragraphs. COBOL's syntax is usually described with a unique metalanguage using braces, brackets, bars and underlining. The metalanguage was developed for the original COBOL specifications. Although Backus–Naur form did exist at the time, the committee had not heard of it. As an example, consider the following description of an codice_12 statement: formula_1 This description permits the following variants: ADD 1 TO x ADD 1, a,","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85263","text":"towards COBOL in the business community from users of other languages, for example FORTRAN or assembler, implying that COBOL could be used only for non-challenging problems. Doubts have been raised about the competence of the standards committee. Short-term committee member Howard Bromberg said that there was \"little control\" over the development process and that it was \"plagued by discontinuity of personnel and ... a lack of talent.\" Jean Sammet and Jerome Garfunkel also noted that changes introduced in one revision of the standard would be reverted in the next, due as much to changes in who was in the standard","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85257","text":"too risky and costly to modify even a simple section of code, since it may be used from unknown places in unknown ways. COBOL was intended to be a highly portable, \"common\" language. However, by 2001, around 300 dialects had been created. One source of dialects was the standard itself: the 1974 standard was composed of one mandatory nucleus and eleven functional modules, each containing two or three levels of support. This permitted 104,976 official variants. COBOL-85 was not fully compatible with earlier versions, and its development was controversial. Joseph T. Brophy, the CIO of Travelers Insurance, spearheaded an effort","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85255","text":"powerful looping facilities. However, could only be used with procedures so loop bodies were not located where they were used, making programs harder to understand. COBOL programs were infamous for being monolithic and lacking modularization. COBOL code could only be modularized through procedures, which were found to be inadequate for large systems. It was impossible to restrict access to data, meaning a procedure could access and modify data item. Furthermore, there was no way to pass parameters to a procedure, an omission Jean Sammet regarded as the committee's biggest mistake. Another complication stemmed from the ability to a specified sequence","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85238","text":"is true, whereas when it contains a value of or , the condition-name is true. If the data item contains some other value, both of the condition-names are false. Standard COBOL provides the following data types: Type safety is variable in COBOL. Numeric data is converted between different representations and sizes silently and alphanumeric data can be placed in any data item that can be stored as a string, including numeric and group data. In contrast, object references and pointers may only be assigned from items of the same type and their values may be restricted to a certain type.","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85231","text":"be restricted to a certain type. There are two ways of calling a method: the statement, which acts similarly to , or through inline method invocation, which is analogous to using functions. INVOKE my-class \"foo\" RETURNING var MOVE my-class::\"foo\" TO var *> Inline method invocation COBOL does not provide a way to hide methods. Class data can be hidden, however, by declaring it without a clause, which leaves the user with no way to access it. Method overloading was added in COBOL 2014. The environment division contains the configuration section and the input-output section. The configuration section is used to","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85226","text":"program. For example, a condition can be expressed as or more concisely as or . More complex conditions can be \"abbreviated\" by removing repeated conditions and variables. For example, can be shortened to . As a consequence of this English-like syntax, COBOL has over 300 keywords. Some of the keywords are simple alternative or pluralized spellings of the same word, which provides for more English-like statements and clauses; e.g., the and keywords can be used interchangeably, as can and , and and . Each COBOL program is made up of four basic lexical items: words, literals, picture character-strings (see )","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85219","text":"at least 50 cents per line of code. Fewer than a dozen of the responses were in favor of the proposed standard. In 1983, the DPMA withdrew its opposition to the standard, citing the responsiveness of the committee to public concerns. In the same year, a National Bureau of Standards study concluded that the proposed standard would present few problems. A year later, a COBOL-80 compiler was released to DEC VAX users, who noted that conversion of COBOL-74 programs posed few problems. The new codice_2 statement and inline codice_3 were particularly well received and improved productivity, thanks to simplified control","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85215","text":"later versions. This version was known as American National Standard (ANS) COBOL and was adopted by ISO in 1972. By 1970, COBOL had become the most widely used programming language in the world. Independently of the ANSI committee, the CODASYL Programming Language Committee was working on improving the language. They described new versions in 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1973, including changes such as new inter-program communication, debugging and file merging facilities as well as improved string-handling and library inclusion features. Although CODASYL was independent of the ANSI committee, the \"CODASYL Journal of Development\" was used by ANSI to identify features","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85210","text":"and was made up of six individuals: The sub-committee did most of the work creating the specification, leaving the short-range committee to review and modify their work before producing the finished specification. The specifications were approved by the Executive Committee on January 3, 1960, and sent to the government printing office, which printed these as \"COBOL 60\". The language's stated objectives were to allow efficient, portable programs to be easily written, to allow users to move to new systems with minimal effort and cost, and to be suitable for inexperienced programmers. The CODASYL Executive Committee later created the COBOL Maintenance","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85208","text":"them as a \"hodgepodge\". The subcommittee was given until December to improve it. At a mid-September meeting, the committee discussed the new language's name. Suggestions included \"BUSY\" (Business System), \"INFOSYL\" (Information System Language) and \"COCOSYL\" (Common Computer Systems Language). The name \"COBOL\" was suggested by Bob Bemer. In October, the intermediate-range committee received copies of the FACT language specification created by Roy Nutt. Its features impressed the committee so much that they passed a resolution to base COBOL on it. This was a blow to the short-range committee, who had made good progress on the specification. Despite being technically superior,","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85218","text":"sue the standard committee because it was not upwards compatible with COBOL-74. Mr. Brophy described previous conversions of their 40-million-line code base as \"non-productive\" and a \"complete waste of our programmer resources\". Later that year, the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA) said it was \"strongly opposed\" to the new standard, citing \"prohibitive\" conversion costs and enhancements that were \"forced on the user\". During the first public review period, the committee received 2,200 responses, of which 1,700 were negative form letters. Other responses were detailed analyses of the effect COBOL-80 would have on their systems; conversion costs were predicted to be","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85252","text":"very likely using a punch card reader, and 80 column punch cards. The listing below, \"with an empty DATA DIVISION\", was tested using GNU/Linux and the System/370 Hercules emulator running MVS 3.8J. The JCL, written in July 2015, is derived from the Hercules tutorials and samples hosted by Jay Moseley. In keeping with COBOL programming of that era, HELLO, WORLD is displayed in all capital letters. //COBUCLG JOB (001),'COBOL BASE TEST', 00010000 // CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1) 00020000 //BASETEST EXEC COBUCLG 00030000 //COB.SYSIN DD * 00040000 //LKED.SYSLIB DD DSNAME=SYS1.COBLIB,DISP=SHR 00190000 // DD DSNAME=SYS1.LINKLIB,DISP=SHR 00200000 //GO.SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A 00210000 // 00220000 After submitting the","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"1717328","text":"of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The common plural of \"person\", \"people\", is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in \"a people\"). The plural \"persons\" is often used in philosophical and legal writing. In ancient Rome, the word \"persona\" (Latin) or \"prosopon\" (πρόσωπον; Greek) originally referred to the masks worn by actors on stage. The various masks represented the various \"personae\" in the stage play. The concept of person was further developed during","title":"Person"},{"docid":"85253","text":"JCL, the MVS console displayed: \"Line 10 of the console listing above is highlighted for effect, the highlighting is not part of the actual console output\". The associated compiler listing generated over four pages of technical detail and job run information, for the single line of output from the 14 lines of COBOL. In the 1970s, adoption of the structured programming paradigm was becoming increasingly widespread. Edsger Dijkstra, a preeminent computer scientist, wrote a letter to the editor of Communications of the ACM, published 1975 entitled \"How do we tell truths that might hurt?\", in which he was critical of","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85245","text":"in the adjacent image, a mine is tripped at the end of when the screen is invalid. When the screen is invalid, control jumps to the section, which, when done, performs . This recursion triggers undefined behavior as there are now two overlapping ranges of procedures being performed. The mine is then triggered upon reaching the end of and means control could return to one of two locations: COBOL 2014 has 47 statements (also called \"), which can be grouped into the following broad categories: control flow, I/O, data manipulation and the report writer. The report writer statements are covered","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85232","text":"specify variable features such as currency signs, locales and character sets. The input-output section contains file-related information. COBOL supports three file formats, or ': sequential, indexed and relative. In sequential files, records are contiguous and must be traversed sequentially, similarly to a linked list. Indexed files have one or more indexes which allow records to be randomly accessed and which can be sorted on them. Each record must have a unique key, but other, ', record keys need not be unique. Implementations of indexed files vary between vendors, although common implementations, such as C‑ISAM and VSAM, are based on IBM's","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85230","text":"can be placed anywhere and can also be used in fixed-format source code. Continuation lines are not present, and the codice_14 directive replaces the codice_15 indicator. The identification division identifies the following code entity and contains the definition of a class or interface. Classes and interfaces have been in COBOL since 2002. Classes have factory objects, containing class methods and variables, and instance objects, containing instance methods and variables. Inheritance and interfaces provide polymorphism. Support for generic programming is provided through parameterized classes, which can be instantiated to use any class or interface. Objects are stored as references which may","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85227","text":"and separators. Words include reserved words and user-defined identifiers. They are up to 31 characters long and may include letters, digits, hyphens and underscores. Literals include numerals (e.g. ) and strings (e.g. ). Separators include the space character and commas and semi-colons followed by a space. A COBOL program is split into four divisions: the identification division, the environment division, the data division and the procedure division. The identification division specifies the name and type of the source element and is where classes and interfaces are specified. The environment division specifies any program features that depend on the system running","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85207","text":"\"\" (indices). Another point of controversy was whether to make keywords context-sensitive and the effect that would have on readability. Although context-sensitive keywords were rejected, the approach was later used in PL/I and partially in COBOL from 2002. Little consideration was given to interactivity, interaction with operating systems (few existed at that time) and functions (thought of as purely mathematical and of no use in data processing). The specifications were presented to the Executive Committee on September 4. They fell short of expectations: Joseph Wegstein noted that \"it contains rough spots and requires some additions\", and Bob Bemer later described","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85206","text":"out\". Features from COMTRAN incorporated into COBOL included formulas, the clause, an improved codice_1 statement, which obviated the need for GO TOs, and a more robust file management system. The usefulness of the committee's work was subject of great debate. While some members thought the language had too many compromises and was the result of design by committee, others felt it was better than the three languages examined. Some felt the language was too complex; others, too simple. Controversial features included those some considered useless or too advanced for data processing users. Such features included boolean expressions, formulas and table","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85197","text":"design; it was (effectively) designed from the ground up as a computer language for business, with an emphasis on inputs and outputs, whose only data types were numbers and strings of text. COBOL has been criticized throughout its life, however, for its verbosity, design process and poor support for structured programming. These weaknesses result in monolithic and, though intended to be English-like, not easily comprehensible and verbose programs. In the late 1950s, computer users and manufacturers were becoming concerned about the rising cost of programming. A 1959 survey had found that in any data processing installation, the programming cost US$800,000","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"85234","text":"sections which declare different items: the file section, for file records; the working-storage section, for static variables; the local-storage section, for automatic variables; the linkage section, for parameters and the return value; the report section and the screen section, for text-based user interfaces. Data items in COBOL are declared hierarchically through the use of level-numbers which indicate if a data item is part of another. An item with a higher level-number is subordinate to an item with a lower one. Top-level data items, with a level-number of 1, are called '. Items that have subordinate aggregate data are called ';","title":"COBOL"},{"docid":"5083345","text":"worldwide. By 1985, a version for the IBM PC existed called PC-BLIS. Originally, most operating systems were written in assembly language for a particular processor or family of processors. Non-assembler operating systems were comparatively slow, but were easier for revision and repair. One of the reasons for the C programming language's low-level features, which resemble assembly language in some ways, is an early intent to use it for writing operating systems. Similar goals led to IBM's development of PL/S. The high-level nature of COBOL, which created some problems for operating system development, was partially addressed in BLIS, since it was","title":"BLIS/COBOL"},{"docid":"1717327","text":"Person A person is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and consequently what makes a person count as a person differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead","title":"Person"},{"docid":"15984483","text":"explains how they will use this budget to meet what is important to and for them. Person centred thinking was first developed by a group of people practicing Essential Lifestyle Planning in the US (now known as 'The Learning Community for Person Centred Practices). These planners realised that while many plans were being written, many of these were not leading to real change in peoples lives. This group decided that person centred planning was something a small group of people needed to know, but that for planning to work, a much wider group of people need skills around listening for","title":"Person-centred thinking"},{"docid":"2376383","text":"needs. When virtual memory was added to versions OS/360 in 1972, the 4K strategy became even more important to reduce paging and thrashing unproductive resource-contention overhead. The efficiency of compiled high-level COBOL and PL/I language programs left much to be desired. Many CICS application programs continued to be written in assembler language, even after COBOL and PL/I support became available. With 1960s-and-1970s hardware resources expensive and scarce, a competitive \"game\" developed among system optimization analysts. When critical path code was identified, a code snippet was passed around from one analyst to another. Each person had to either (a) reduce the","title":"CICS"},{"docid":"16849955","text":"A meta-analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281–342. Kristof-Brown, A., & Guay, R. P. (2011). Person–environment fit. APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology,3, 3-50. doi:10.1037/12171-001 Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309-336. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: 1297-1350. Chicago: Rand McNally. Muchinsky, P. M., & Monahan, C. J. (1987). What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 268-277. Piasentin, K.A., & Chapman, D.S.","title":"Person–environment fit"},{"docid":"1717332","text":"corporations, sovereign states and other polities, or estates in probate. Personal identity is the unique identity of persons through time. That is to say, the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a person at one time and a person at another time can be said to be the \"same\" person, persisting through time. In the modern philosophy of mind, this concept of personal identity is sometimes referred to as the \"diachronic\" problem of personal identity. The \"synchronic\" problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. Identity is an issue for","title":"Person"},{"docid":"7098318","text":"person-centred planning in Canada by Jack Pearpoint, Judith Snow and Marsha Forest. Whilst it was developed because of the social and service response to disability, it was quickly recognised to be as useful for many other individuals and groups of people. Disabled people in the UK and USA developed the Social model of disability, arguing for a shift in the balance of power between people and the services on which they rely. Person centred planning is based in the social model of disability because it places the emphasis on transforming the options available to the person, rather than on 'fixing'","title":"Person-centred planning"},{"docid":"7098329","text":"the Person-Centered Plan (PCP) offers a platform for the person and their trusted allies to identify and express their vision and commitments without limiting that expression to what can or will be provided by the service system. Some time later, the formal system can develop a plan for service delivery that may be based on and consistent with the person's plan, that recognizes and supports the contributions of the person, family and community, and that clearly acknowledges the limitations of what the system is prepared to provide. John O'Brien sums up the problem of trying to deliver person centredness through","title":"Person-centred planning"},{"docid":"20572190","text":"compact single-person spacecraft have been considered by ISS for EVA work, to avoid having to go through the decompression needed to use the lower-pressure space suits. NASA developed a body-shaped single person spacecraft called FlexCraft, with the idea of allowing more and shorter EVA. The spacecraft would be at the same atmospheric pressure as the ISS, thus removing the medical stress and time needed to decompress and compress, and the danger of the bends. A single-person spacecraft could also enhance protection against micrometeoriod impacts and radiation from cosmic rays. The Personal Rescue Enclosure was developed for the Space Shuttle. On","title":"Single-person spacecraft"},{"docid":"1356426","text":"pronouns, the Old Rapa language adheres closely to the same pronominal system. There exists possessive pronouns for each case: inclusive first person singular, first person dual, and first person plural; exclusive first person singular, first person dual, and first person plural; second person singular, second person dual, and second person plural; and third person singular, third person dual, and third person plural. The possessive pronouns of Old Rapa are constructed following three morphemes: \"the indefinite article (te) + the possessive marker (a/o) + pronoun\" However, when spoken, both the indefinite article and possessive markers are put together into what is","title":"Third-person pronoun"},{"docid":"4008469","text":"facilitative, empathic environment wherein the patient could discover the answers for him or herself. Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, \"an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment\", via acceptance (\"unconditional positive regard\"), therapist \"congruence\" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the","title":"Person-centered therapy"},{"docid":"4008464","text":"Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, \"an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment\", via acceptance (\"unconditional positive regard\"), therapist \"congruence\" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the major psychotherapy \"schools\" (theoretical orientations), along with psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, classical Adlerian psychology, cognitive","title":"Person-centered therapy"},{"docid":"13624764","text":"back-end and optimizer. There is also a common language runtime environment. The UCS system was developed starting in 1969 and initially included PL/I and Pascal. FORTRAN and COBOL were soon added. Ada was added later. The currently supported languages include COBOL, FORTRAN, C, and PLUS. PLUS, Programming Language for Unisys (originally UNIVAC) Systems, is a block structured language somewhat similar to Pascal which it predates. Previous PLUS, COBOL and FORTRAN compilers are also still supported. An even earlier FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN V), while no longer supported, is still in use for an application developed in the 1960s in that language.","title":"Unisys OS 2200 programming languages"},{"docid":"7098327","text":"required by regulatory agencies (e.g., state offices in the USA through local agencies). Person-centred planning can have many effects that go beyond the making of plans. It can create a space during which someone who is not usually listened to has central stage. It can insist that discussion is centred on what the person is telling us is important to them, with their words and behaviours, as well as what others feel is important for the person. It can engage participants personally by allowing them to hear of deeply felt hopes and fears. It can assist people in a circle","title":"Person-centred planning"},{"docid":"2033706","text":"given circumstances, such customary requirements are not themselves conclusive of what a reasonable person would do. It is precisely for this wide-ranging variety of possible facts that the reasonable person standard is so broad (and often confusing and difficult to apply). However, a few general areas of relevant circumstances rise above the others. Allowing for circumstances under which a person must act urgently is important to preventing hindsight bias from affecting the trier of fact. Given pressing circumstances, a reasonable person may not always act in a manner similar to how they would have acted in a more relaxed setting.","title":"Reasonable person"},{"docid":"19107896","text":"Person-affecting view A person-affecting or person-based view (also called person-affecting restriction) in population ethics captures the intuition that an act can only be bad if it is bad \"for\" someone. Similarly something can be good only if it is good \"for\" someone. Therefore, according to standard person-affecting views, there is no moral obligation to create people nor moral good in creating people because nonexistence means \"there is never a person who could have benefited from being created\". Whether one accepts person-affecting views greatly influences to what extent shaping the far future is important (since there may be greatly more humans","title":"Person-affecting view"},{"docid":"15984481","text":"thinking in services was an important condition for services having the capacity and systems for delivering person centred results. Person-centred thinking tools in common use include one-page profiles, 'working/not working', 'important to/important for', 'good day/bad day', communication charts, 'doughnut' of staff roles and responsibilities, relationship circles, learning logs and person-centred reviews. These tools provide an agenda which a person and the people who know that person best can think together, focussing on what is important to that person, how they wish to live, and then introduce changes that will move towards those aspirations. Practitioners of person centred thinking suggest that","title":"Person-centred thinking"},{"docid":"1717333","text":"both continental philosophy and analytic philosophy. A key question in continental philosophy is in what sense we can maintain the modern conception of identity, while realizing many of our prior assumptions about the world are incorrect. Proposed solutions to the problem of personal identity include continuity of the physical body, continuity of an immaterial mind or soul, continuity of consciousness or memory, the bundle theory of self, continuity of personality after the death of the physical body, and proposals that there are actually no persons or selves who persist over time at all. Person A person is a being that","title":"Person"},{"docid":"7098337","text":"self-determination than traditional person-centered approaches. Person centred thinking and planning is founded on the premise that genuine listening contains an implied promise to take action. Unless what is learned about how the person wishes to live, and where they wish to go in their lives is recorded and acted upon, any planning will have been a waste of time, and more importantly a betrayal of the person and the trust they have placed in those who have planned with them. In the UK initiatives such as individual budgets and self-directed supports using models like In Control mean that Person Centred","title":"Person-centred planning"},{"docid":"19544181","text":"grown to be internationally associated with successful outcomes of the health care. Initially, the method was developed for senior patients and patients with intellectual disabilities but the ideas have later spread to other medical fields. Within person-centred care, the patient is considered an independent and capable individual with their own abilities to make informed decisions. Autonomy and participation are always emphasised and respected. For the patient, the person-centred approach allows for involvement and extended possibilities to take responsibility for their own health and treatment. There are four vantage points that constitute the foundation of person-centred care The person-centred care is","title":"Person-centered care"},{"docid":"14082165","text":"the year before \"Doom\", has been credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar though less advanced games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, \"Deus Ex\" or \"BioShock\" may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also be considered role-playing video games as they borrow from this genre extensively. Certain puzzle games like \"Portal\" are also called first-person shooters, but lack any direct combat or shooting element, instead using the first-person perspective to help immerse players within the game to help","title":"First-person shooter"},{"docid":"20485813","text":"for many readers, it captures what it is like to be a woman in her twenties in 2017, including \"the desperate need to be considered polite and nice at all costs.\" Following the story's success, Roupenian secured a seven figure deal with Scout Press for her debut book, and was the subject of a bidding war in the American market, with offers exceeding $1m. Cat Person \"Cat Person\" is a short story by Kristen Roupenian. It was published in December 2017, in \"The New Yorker\" and went viral online. The story follows in third person narrative the brief relationship between","title":"Cat Person"},{"docid":"2033684","text":"Reasonable person In law, a reasonable person, reasonable man, or the man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical person of legal fiction crafted by the courts and communicated through case law and jury instructions. Strictly according to the fiction, it is misconceived for a party to seek evidence from actual people in order to establish how the reasonable man would have acted or what he would have foreseen. This person's character and care conduct under any \"common set of facts,\" is decided through reasoning of good practice or policy—or \"learned\" permitting there is a compelling consensus of public opinion—by","title":"Reasonable person"},{"docid":"849453","text":"Developed country A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Developed countries have generally post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector","title":"Developed country"},{"docid":"5641416","text":"of markets. From 24 September 2018, FTSE Group classifies 25 countries as developed markets: Developed countries all have met criteria under the following categories: As of October 2017, MSCI classified the following 26 countries as developed markets: According to \"MSCI Global investable Market Indexes Methodology - October 2017\", Cyprus as well as Iceland and Luxembourg, \"are part of the developed market universe\", but \"given their modest size, these markets are not included in the MSCI World index\". As of 31 October 2017, Standard and Poor's classifies the following 25 countries as developed markets: Developed market In investing, a developed market","title":"Developed market"},{"docid":"16849926","text":"such as person–supervisor fit and person–job fit, which are conceptually distinct from one another (Edwards & Shipp, 2007; Kristof, 1996). Nevertheless, it is generally assumed that person–environment fit leads to positive outcomes, such as satisfaction, performance, and overall well-being (Ostroff & Schulte, 2007). Person–organization fit (P–O fit) is the most widely studied area of person–environment fit, and is defined by Kristof (1996) as, \"the compatibility between people and organizations that occurs when (a) at least one entity provides what the other needs, (b) they share similar fundamental characteristics, or (c) both\" (Kristof, 1996). High value congruence is a large facet","title":"Person–environment fit"},{"docid":"11314877","text":"First-person (gaming) In video games, the first person refers to a graphical perspective rendered from the viewpoint of the player's character. In many cases, this may be the viewpoint from the cockpit of a vehicle. Many different genres have made use of first-person perspectives, ranging from adventure games to driving, sailing, and flight simulators. The most notable genre to make use of this device is the first-person shooter, where the graphical perspective has a heavy impact on gameplay. Games with a first-person perspective are usually avatar-based, wherein the game displays what the player's avatar would see with the avatar's own","title":"First-person (gaming)"},{"docid":"11263709","text":"and in other isolated dwellings. The main types of communities in rural areas can be: a village of 200 to 800 people, a hamlet with fewer than 200 people, or an isolated dwelling— 1 or 2 buildings with families in it. Populations in Rural communities/areas are usually under 10,000 people. Developed environments Developed environments (human settlements) are environments in geography. Different kinds of developed lands are developed environments. The main developed environments are Urban, Suburban, Rural and (not as much) Exurban communities. The different types of developed human settlements are: urban, suburban, rural and exurban. The main types of communities","title":"Developed environments"},{"docid":"11263706","text":"Developed environments Developed environments (human settlements) are environments in geography. Different kinds of developed lands are developed environments. The main developed environments are Urban, Suburban, Rural and (not as much) Exurban communities. The different types of developed human settlements are: urban, suburban, rural and exurban. The main types of communities in urban areas can be: a metropolis (metropolitan area) (pop. usually over 1,000,000) or a city (pop. over 100,000.) Suburban: A residential area on the outskirts of a city. Suburban areas have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods. Suburban areas are dense to semi-dense population areas. A suburban area","title":"Developed environments"},{"docid":"14209165","text":"Google Person Finder Google Person Finder is an open source web application that provides a registry and message board for survivors, family, and loved ones affected by a natural disaster to post and search for information about each other's status and whereabouts. It was created by volunteer Google engineers in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Google Person Finder is written in Python and hosted on Google App Engine. Its database and API are based on the People Finder Interchange Format (PFIF) developed in 2005 for the Katrina PeopleFinder Project. Immediately after the 2010 Haiti earthquake a group of 20%","title":"Google Person Finder"},{"docid":"849466","text":"wholly or partly in Europe: 3 countries wholly or partly in Asia: 3 countries in the Americas: 1 country in Oceania: Developed country A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which","title":"Developed country"},{"docid":"2306096","text":"common. They usually had only RS232 serial ports (4–16) and parallel printer ports instead of built in graphics, as was typical for servers of the time. Z8000-based computer systems included Zilog's own System 8000 series, as well as other manufacturers: The Zilog S8000 computer came out with a version of Unix called ZEUS (Zilog Enhanced Unix System). ZEUS was a port of Unix Ver 7 and included what were referred to as 'the Berkeley Enhancements'. ZEUS included a version of COBOL called RM/COBOL (Ryan McFarland COBOL). The availability of RM/COBOL allowed many commercial applications to be quickly ported to the","title":"Zilog Z8000"},{"docid":"7098319","text":"or changing the person. Specifically person-centred planning was based diversely on principles of community integration/inclusion/ normalisation/social role valorization. Prior to its inception, these principles were crystallised by John O'Brien and Connie Lyle O'Brien in the 'Framework for Accomplishment' which listed five key areas important in shaping people's quality of life, and asserting that services should be judged by the extent to which they enable people to: The title 'person-centred' is used because those who developed it and used it initially shared a belief that services tend to work in a 'service-centred' way. This 'service-centred' behaviour appears in many forms, but","title":"Person-centred planning"},{"docid":"14082176","text":"Some player communities complain about freemium first-person-shooters, fearing that they create unbalanced games, but many game designers have tweaked prices in response to criticism, and players can usually get the same benefits by playing longer rather than paying. The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are \"Maze War\" and \"Spasim.\" \"Maze War\" was originally developed in 1973 by Greg Thompson, Steve Colley and Howard Palmer, high-school students in a NASA work-study program trying to develop a program to help visualize fluid dynamics for spacecraft designs. The work became a maze game presented to the player in the first-person, and","title":"First-person shooter"},{"docid":"12929996","text":"are not considered. The use and non-use of technology as conceptualized in the Matching person and technology model has been validated by many researchers and authors representing the fields of occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech language pathology, psychology, and others. The matching person and technology model is operationalized by a series of reliable and valid measures that provide a person-centered and individualized approach to matching individuals with the most appropriate technologies for their use. The matching person & technology model and measures were developed by Marcia J. Scherer beginning in 1986. Matching person and technology model The matching person and","title":"Matching person and technology model"},{"docid":"6373138","text":"interviews with George Clooney, Jon Bon Jovi, and Warren Buffett. The premiere attracted 5.9 million viewers, less than a third of the viewers watching \"American Idol\" and fewer than the 8.44 million who watched \"The Middle\"; it outrated \"One Tree Hill\" and \"Whitney\", though the latter attracted a larger share of the 18–49 audience. Had the two specially-scheduled episodes been well-received, \"Person to Person\" could have become a regularly scheduled series. The second episode aired on November 23, 2012 (Black Friday), featuring Sean Penn, Alicia Keys and Drew Brees. Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program","title":"Person to Person"},{"docid":"6373134","text":"Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program in the United States that originally ran from 1953 to 1961, with two episodes of an attempted revival airing in 2012. Edward R. Murrow hosted the original series from its inception in 1953 until 1959, interviewing celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio (his opening: \"\"Good evening, I'm Ed Murrow. And the name of the program is 'Person to Person'. It's all live – there's no film\"\"). In the last two years of its original run, Charles Collingwood was the host. Although Murrow","title":"Person to Person"},{"docid":"849462","text":"HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula. Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA, and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant. However many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 \"advanced economies\". The OECD's 36 members","title":"Developed country"},{"docid":"849455","text":"Terms linked to the concept \"developed country\" include \"advanced country\", \"industrialized country\", \"'more developed country\" (MDC), \"more economically developed country\" (MEDC), \"Global North country\", \"first world country\", and \"post-industrial country\". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialization is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.","title":"Developed country"},{"docid":"5641415","text":"Developed market In investing, a developed market is a country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. The country must be high income, but this also includes openness to foreign ownership, ease of capital movement, and efficiency of market institutions. This term is contrasted with developing market (Emerging markets and frontier markets are types of developing markets). FTSE Group, a provider of economic and financial data, assigns the market status of countries as Developed, Advanced Emerging, Secondary Emerging or Frontier on the basis of their economic size, wealth, quality of markets, depth of markets, breadth","title":"Developed market"},{"docid":"9331014","text":"Ability Test to scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence in 100 children and found a very low correlation (r=0.27). Similarly, results found with child and youth psychiatric inpatients failed to support the hypothesized relationship between human figure drawings and IQ. This suggests that the Draw-a-Person test should not be used as a substitute for other well-established intelligence tests. Draw-a-Person test The Draw-a-Person test (DAP, DAP test, or Goodenough–Harris Draw-a-Person test) is a psychological projective personality or cognitive test used to evaluate children and adolescents for a variety of purposes. Developed originally by Florence Goodenough in 1926,","title":"Draw-a-Person test"},{"docid":"19951748","text":"the requirements have changed. The person-centered systems theory describes the systemic effects of communication between humans (couples, families, organizations) as well as their interrelations through internal processes (perception, thinking, feeling) in its complex, non-linear interaction both bottom-up and top-down. Kriz (2017) provides a comprehensive presentation and discussion of the person-centered systems theory. Person-centered systems theory The person-centered systems theory (German: Personzentrierte Systemtheorie) is a multi-level concept for the understanding of processes in psychotherapy, counseling, coaching and clinical psychology under consideration of the interrelation of different levels – namely body, psyche, interpersonal and social processes. The concept has been developed by","title":"Person-centered systems theory"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"85262\",\n \"text\": \"in 1984 that \\\"academics ... hate COBOL\\\" and that computer science graduates \\\"had 'hate COBOL' drilled into them\\\". A 2013 poll by Micro Focus found that 20% of university academics thought COBOL was outdated or dead and that 55% believed their students thought COBOL was outdated or dead. The same poll also found that only 25% of academics had COBOL programming on their curriculum even though 60% thought they should teach it. In contrast, in 2003, COBOL featured in 80% of information systems curricula in the United States, the same proportion as C++ and Java. There was also significant condescension\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85211\",\n \"text\": \"Committee to answer questions from users and vendors and to improve and expand the specifications. During 1960, the list of manufacturers planning to build COBOL compilers grew. By September, five more manufacturers had joined CODASYL (Bendix, Control Data Corporation, General Electric (GE), National Cash Register and Philco), and all represented manufacturers had announced COBOL compilers. GE and IBM planned to integrate COBOL into their own languages, GECOM and COMTRAN, respectively. In contrast, International Computers and Tabulators planned to replace their language, CODEL, with COBOL. Meanwhile, RCA and Sperry Rand worked on creating COBOL compilers. The first COBOL program ran on\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85194\",\n \"text\": \"COBOL COBOL (; an acronym for \\\"common business-oriented language\\\") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in legacy applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. But due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3116576\",\n \"text\": \"COBOL ReSource COBOL ReSource is a Wang VS COBOL development and production environment for Unix. A product of Getronics (formerly Wang Laboratories, Inc.), COBOL ReSource was first released in 1993 as a tool to replatform and run Wang VS COBOL applications in Unix. It was updated and rereleased in 1995 and its maintenance and ongoing development outsourced to SRDI in the late 1990s. Wang dialects of COBOL-74 and COBOL-85 have important places in the evolution of COBOL. Wang was among the first, if not the first, to integrate COBOL into environments built from the ground up to be interactive as\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL ReSource\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85258\",\n \"text\": \"to inform COBOL users of the heavy reprogramming costs of implementing the new standard. As a result, the ANSI COBOL Committee received more than 2,200 letters from the public, mostly negative, requiring the committee to make changes. On the other hand, conversion to COBOL-85 was thought to increase productivity in future years, thus justifying the conversion costs. COBOL syntax has often been criticized for its verbosity. Proponents say that this was intended to make the code self-documenting, easing program maintenance. COBOL was also intended to be easy for programmers to learn and use, while still being readable to non-technical staff\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85254\",\n \"text\": \"COBOL and several other contemporary languages; remarking that \\\"the use of COBOL cripples the mind\\\". In a published dissent to Dijkstra's remarks, the computer scientist Howard E. Tompkins claimed that unstructured COBOL tended to be \\\"written by programmers that have never had the benefit of structured COBOL taught well\\\", arguing that the issue was primarily one of training. One cause of spaghetti code was the statement. Attempts to remove s from COBOL code, however, resulted in convoluted programs and reduced code quality. s were largely replaced by the statement and procedures, which promoted modular programming and gave easy access to\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85225\",\n \"text\": \"with other languages and technologies can be adopted\\\". In 2006 and 2012, \\\"Computerworld\\\" surveys found that over 60% of organizations used COBOL (more than C++ and Visual Basic .NET) and that for half of those, COBOL was used for the majority of their internal software. 36% of managers said they planned to migrate from COBOL, and 25% said they would like to if it was cheaper. Instead, some businesses have migrated their systems from expensive mainframes to cheaper, more modern systems, while maintaining their COBOL programs. COBOL has an English-like syntax, which is used to describe nearly everything in a\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85261\",\n \"text\": \"Backus–Naur form which the committee did not know of. This resulted in \\\"severe\\\" criticism. Later, COBOL suffered from a shortage of material covering it; it took until 1963 for introductory books to appear (with Richard D. Irwin publishing a college textbook on COBOL in 1966). By 1985, there were twice as many books on Fortran and four times as many on BASIC as on COBOL in the Library of Congress. University professors taught more modern, state-of-the-art languages and techniques instead of COBOL which was said to have a \\\"trade school\\\" nature. Donald Nelson, chair of the CODASYL COBOL committee, said\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85213\",\n \"text\": \"ALGOL's, although semantic ambiguities remained. Early COBOL compilers were primitive and slow. A 1962 US Navy evaluation found compilation speeds of 3–11 statements per minute. By mid-1964, they had increased to 11–1000 statements per minute. It was observed that increasing memory would drastically increase speed and that compilation costs varied wildly: costs per statement were between $0.23 and $18.91. In late 1962, IBM announced that COBOL would be their primary development language and that development of COMTRAN would cease. The COBOL specification was revised three times in the five years after its publication. COBOL-60 was replaced in 1961 by COBOL-61.\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3116578\",\n \"text\": \"compatibility features such as VS-style argument passing and return by reference between disjoint processes, and full PUTPARM/GETPARM functionality. Wang's premium XDMS file system was ported to Unix to serve as the file system for COBOL ReSource. Called PDMS, it has a track record of supporting shared access to multiple indexed files for user populations as large as 1,000. COBOL ReSource COBOL ReSource is a Wang VS COBOL development and production environment for Unix. A product of Getronics (formerly Wang Laboratories, Inc.), COBOL ReSource was first released in 1993 as a tool to replatform and run Wang VS COBOL applications in\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL ReSource\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85264\",\n \"text\": \"committee as to objective evidence. COBOL standards have repeatedly suffered from delays: COBOL-85 arrived five years later than hoped, COBOL 2002 was five years late, and COBOL 2014 was six years late. To combat delays, the standard committee allowed the creation of optional addenda which would add features more quickly than by waiting for the next standard revision. However, some committee members raised concerns about incompatibilities between implementations and frequent modifications of the standard. COBOL's data structures influenced subsequent programming languages. Its record and file structure influenced PL/I and Pascal, and the codice_32 clause was a predecessor to Pascal's variant\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85259\",\n \"text\": \"such as managers. The desire for readability led to the use of English-like syntax and structural elements, such as nouns, verbs, clauses, sentences, sections, and divisions. Yet by 1984, maintainers of COBOL programs were struggling to deal with \\\"incomprehensible\\\" code and the main changes in COBOL-85 were there to help ease maintenance. Jean Sammet, a short-range committee member, noted that \\\"little attempt was made to cater to the professional programmer, in fact people whose main interest is programming tend to be very unhappy with COBOL\\\" which she attributed to COBOL's verbose syntax. The COBOL community has always been isolated from\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85251\",\n \"text\": \"to be placed after the inner codice_1. The original (1959) COBOL specification supported the infamous statement, for which many compilers generated self-modifying code. codice_29 and codice_30 are procedure labels, and the single statement in procedure codice_29 executed after such an statement means instead. Many compilers still support it, but it was deemed obsolete in the COBOL 1985 standard and deleted in 2002. A \\\"Hello, world\\\" program in COBOL: When the – now famous – \\\"Hello, World!\\\" program example in \\\"The C Programming Language\\\" was first published in 1978 a similar mainframe COBOL program sample would have been submitted through JCL,\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85224\",\n \"text\": \"2000 problem (Y2K) was the focus of significant COBOL programming effort, sometimes by the same programmers who had designed the systems decades before. The particular level of effort required to correct COBOL code has been attributed to the large amount of business-oriented COBOL, as business applications use dates heavily, and to fixed-length data fields. After the clean-up effort put into these programs for Y2K, a 2003 survey found that many remained in use. The authors said that the survey data suggest \\\"a gradual decline in the importance of Cobol in application development over the [following] 10 years unless ... integration\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85222\",\n \"text\": \"compilers targeting the .NET Framework. There were many other new features, many of which had been in the \\\"CODASYL COBOL Journal of Development\\\" since 1978 and had missed the opportunity to be included in COBOL-85. These other features included: Three corrigenda were published for the standard: two in 2006 and one in 2009. Between 2003 and 2009, three technical reports were produced describing object finalization, XML processing and collection classes for COBOL. COBOL 2002 suffered from poor support: no compilers completely supported the standard. Micro Focus found that it was due to a lack of user demand for the new\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85214\",\n \"text\": \"This was then replaced by the COBOL-61 Extended specifications in 1963, which introduced the sort and report writer facilities. The added facilities corrected flaws identified by Honeywell in late 1959 in a letter to the short-range committee. COBOL Edition 1965 brought further clarifications to the specifications and introduced facilities for handling mass storage files and tables. Efforts began to standardize COBOL to overcome incompatibilities between versions. In late 1962, both ISO and the United States of America Standards Institute (now ANSI) formed groups to create standards. ANSI produced \\\"USA Standard COBOL X3.23\\\" in August 1968, which became the cornerstone for\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85196\",\n \"text\": \"1989:2014\\\". COBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which was designed to be self-documenting and highly readable. However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like , COBOL has a more English-like syntax (in this case, ). COBOL code is split into four \\\"divisions\\\" (identification, environment, data and procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. Lacking a large standard library, the standard specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class. Academic computer scientists were generally uninterested in business applications when COBOL was created and were not involved in its\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85256\",\n \"text\": \"of procedures. This meant that control could jump to and return from any procedure, creating convoluted control flow and permitting a programmer to break the single-entry single-exit rule. This situation improved as COBOL adopted more features. COBOL-74 added subprograms, giving programmers the ability to control the data each part of the program could access. COBOL-85 then added nested subprograms, allowing programmers to hide subprograms. Further control over data and code came in 2002 when object-oriented programming, user-defined functions and user-defined data types were included. Nevertheless, much important legacy COBOL software uses unstructured code, which has become unmaintainable. It can be\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85229\",\n \"text\": \"b TO x ROUNDED, y, z ROUNDED ADD a, b TO c END-ADD ADD a TO b COBOL can be written in two formats: fixed (the default) or free. In fixed-format, code must be aligned to fit in certain areas (a hold-over from using punched cards). Until COBOL 2002, these were: In COBOL 2002, Areas A and B were merged to form the program-text area, which now ends at an implementor-defined column. COBOL 2002 also introduced free-format code. Free-format code can be placed in any column of the file, as in newer programming languages. Comments are specified using codice_13, which\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5083346\",\n \"text\": \"deliberately optimized for COBOL. BLIS/COBOL BLIS/COBOL is a discontinued operating system that, unusually, was written in COBOL. It is the only such system to gain reasonably wide acceptance. It was optimised to compile business applications written in COBOL. BLIS was available on a range of Data General Nova and Data General Eclipse 16-bit minicomputers. It was marketed by Information Processing, Inc. (IPI), who regularly exhibited the product at the National Computer Conference in the 1970s and 80s. It was priced between US$830 and $10,000 depending on the number of supported users and features. In 1977, IPI boasted over 100 operational\",\n \"title\": \"BLIS/COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85265\",\n \"text\": \"records. Explicit file structure definitions preceded the development of database management systems and aggregated data was a significant advance over Fortran's arrays. codice_16 data declarations were incorporated into PL/I, with minor changes. COBOL's facility, although considered \\\"primitive\\\", influenced the development of include directives. The focus on portability and standardization meant programs written in COBOL could be portable and facilitated the spread of the language to a wide variety of hardware platforms and operating systems. Additionally, the well-defined division structure restricts the definition of external references to the Environment Division, which simplifies platform changes in particular. COBOL COBOL (; an acronym\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85260\",\n \"text\": \"the computer science community. No academic computer scientists participated in the design of COBOL: all of those on the committee came from commerce or government. Computer scientists at the time were more interested in fields like numerical analysis, physics and system programming than the commercial file-processing problems which COBOL development tackled. Jean Sammet attributed COBOL's unpopularity to an initial \\\"snob reaction\\\" due to its inelegance, the lack of influential computer scientists participating in the design process and a disdain for business data processing. The COBOL specification used a unique \\\"notation\\\", or metalanguage, to define its syntax rather than the new\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85223\",\n \"text\": \"features and due to the abolition of the NIST test suite, which had been used to test compiler conformance. The standardization process was also found to be slow and under-resourced. COBOL 2014 includes the following changes: COBOL programs are used globally in governments and businesses and are running on diverse operating systems such as z/OS, z/VSE, VME, Unix, OpenVMS and Windows. In 1997, the Gartner Group reported that 80% of the world's business ran on COBOL with over 200 billion lines of code and 5 billion lines more being written annually. Near the end of the 20th century, the year\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85216\",\n \"text\": \"that were popular enough to warrant implementing. The Programming Language Committee also liaised with ECMA and the Japanese COBOL Standard committee. The Programming Language Committee was not well-known, however. The vice-president, William Rinehuls, complained that two-thirds of the COBOL community did not know of the committee's existence. It was also poor, lacking the funds to make public documents, such as minutes of meetings and change proposals, freely available. In 1974, ANSI published a revised version of (ANS) COBOL, containing new features such as file organizations, the statement and the segmentation module. Deleted features included the statement, the statement (which was\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85212\",\n \"text\": \"17 August on an RCA 501. On December 6 and 7, the same COBOL program (albeit with minor changes) ran on an RCA computer and a Remington-Rand Univac computer, demonstrating that compatibility could be achieved. The relative influences of which languages were used continues to this day in the recommended advisory printed in all COBOL reference manuals: Many logical flaws were found in \\\"COBOL 60\\\", leading GE's Charles Katz to warn that it could not be interpreted unambiguously. A reluctant short-term committee enacted a total cleanup and, by March 1963, it was reported that COBOL's syntax was as definable as\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85209\",\n \"text\": \"FACT had not been created with portability in mind or through manufacturer and user consensus. It also lacked a demonstrable implementation, allowing supporters of a FLOW-MATIC-based COBOL to overturn the resolution. RCA representative Howard Bromberg also blocked FACT, so that RCA's work on a COBOL implementation would not go to waste. It soon became apparent that the committee was too large for any further progress to be made quickly. A frustrated Howard Bromberg bought a $15 tombstone with \\\"COBOL\\\" engraved on it and sent it to Charles Phillips to demonstrate his displeasure. A sub-committee was formed to analyze existing languages\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3116577\",\n \"text\": \"well as batch. Wang also had a principal role in the COBOL standards bodies until the early 1990s. Wang extensions to COBOL involving record locking scope, rollback and rollforward recovery implemented at the file system level allowing transaction processing, and full interactive workstation screen I/O have often made it difficult to port Wang COBOL applications to other systems. On the surface COBOL ReSource appeals to VS users and software developers because it is faithful to the VS look and feel with 32 PFKeys, foreground suspension via Help, VS Field Attribute Characters, underlining, etc. Under the covers, however, are more significant\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL ReSource\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85221\",\n \"text\": \"a total of 200 billion lines of COBOL in existence, which ran 80% of all business programs. In the early 1990s, work began on adding object-orientation in the next full revision of COBOL. Object-oriented features were taken from C++ and Smalltalk. The initial estimate was to have this revision completed by 1997, and an ISO Committee Draft (CD) was available by 1997. Some vendors (including Micro Focus, Fujitsu, and IBM) introduced object-oriented syntax based on drafts of the full revision. The final approved ISO standard was approved and published in late 2002. Fujitsu/GTSoftware, Micro Focus and RainCode introduced object-oriented COBOL\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85217\",\n \"text\": \"replaced by ) and the implementer-defined random access module (which was superseded by the new sequential and relative I/O modules). These made up 44 changes, which rendered existing statements incompatible with the new standard. The report writer was slated to be removed from COBOL, but was reinstated before the standard was published. ISO later adopted the updated standard in 1978. In June 1978, work began on revising COBOL-74. The proposed standard (commonly called COBOL-80) differed significantly from the previous one, causing concerns about incompatibility and conversion costs. In January 1981, Joseph T. Brophy, Senior Vice-President of Travelers Insurance, threatened to\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5083344\",\n \"text\": \"BLIS/COBOL BLIS/COBOL is a discontinued operating system that, unusually, was written in COBOL. It is the only such system to gain reasonably wide acceptance. It was optimised to compile business applications written in COBOL. BLIS was available on a range of Data General Nova and Data General Eclipse 16-bit minicomputers. It was marketed by Information Processing, Inc. (IPI), who regularly exhibited the product at the National Computer Conference in the 1970s and 80s. It was priced between US$830 and $10,000 depending on the number of supported users and features. In 1977, IPI boasted over 100 operational installations of the system\",\n \"title\": \"BLIS/COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85228\",\n \"text\": \"it, such as files and character sets. The data division is used to declare variables and parameters. The procedure division contains the program's statements. Each division is sub-divided into sections, which are made up of paragraphs. COBOL's syntax is usually described with a unique metalanguage using braces, brackets, bars and underlining. The metalanguage was developed for the original COBOL specifications. Although Backus–Naur form did exist at the time, the committee had not heard of it. As an example, consider the following description of an codice_12 statement: formula_1 This description permits the following variants: ADD 1 TO x ADD 1, a,\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85263\",\n \"text\": \"towards COBOL in the business community from users of other languages, for example FORTRAN or assembler, implying that COBOL could be used only for non-challenging problems. Doubts have been raised about the competence of the standards committee. Short-term committee member Howard Bromberg said that there was \\\"little control\\\" over the development process and that it was \\\"plagued by discontinuity of personnel and ... a lack of talent.\\\" Jean Sammet and Jerome Garfunkel also noted that changes introduced in one revision of the standard would be reverted in the next, due as much to changes in who was in the standard\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85257\",\n \"text\": \"too risky and costly to modify even a simple section of code, since it may be used from unknown places in unknown ways. COBOL was intended to be a highly portable, \\\"common\\\" language. However, by 2001, around 300 dialects had been created. One source of dialects was the standard itself: the 1974 standard was composed of one mandatory nucleus and eleven functional modules, each containing two or three levels of support. This permitted 104,976 official variants. COBOL-85 was not fully compatible with earlier versions, and its development was controversial. Joseph T. Brophy, the CIO of Travelers Insurance, spearheaded an effort\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85255\",\n \"text\": \"powerful looping facilities. However, could only be used with procedures so loop bodies were not located where they were used, making programs harder to understand. COBOL programs were infamous for being monolithic and lacking modularization. COBOL code could only be modularized through procedures, which were found to be inadequate for large systems. It was impossible to restrict access to data, meaning a procedure could access and modify data item. Furthermore, there was no way to pass parameters to a procedure, an omission Jean Sammet regarded as the committee's biggest mistake. Another complication stemmed from the ability to a specified sequence\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85238\",\n \"text\": \"is true, whereas when it contains a value of or , the condition-name is true. If the data item contains some other value, both of the condition-names are false. Standard COBOL provides the following data types: Type safety is variable in COBOL. Numeric data is converted between different representations and sizes silently and alphanumeric data can be placed in any data item that can be stored as a string, including numeric and group data. In contrast, object references and pointers may only be assigned from items of the same type and their values may be restricted to a certain type.\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85231\",\n \"text\": \"be restricted to a certain type. There are two ways of calling a method: the statement, which acts similarly to , or through inline method invocation, which is analogous to using functions. INVOKE my-class \\\"foo\\\" RETURNING var MOVE my-class::\\\"foo\\\" TO var *> Inline method invocation COBOL does not provide a way to hide methods. Class data can be hidden, however, by declaring it without a clause, which leaves the user with no way to access it. Method overloading was added in COBOL 2014. The environment division contains the configuration section and the input-output section. The configuration section is used to\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85226\",\n \"text\": \"program. For example, a condition can be expressed as or more concisely as or . More complex conditions can be \\\"abbreviated\\\" by removing repeated conditions and variables. For example, can be shortened to . As a consequence of this English-like syntax, COBOL has over 300 keywords. Some of the keywords are simple alternative or pluralized spellings of the same word, which provides for more English-like statements and clauses; e.g., the and keywords can be used interchangeably, as can and , and and . Each COBOL program is made up of four basic lexical items: words, literals, picture character-strings (see )\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85219\",\n \"text\": \"at least 50 cents per line of code. Fewer than a dozen of the responses were in favor of the proposed standard. In 1983, the DPMA withdrew its opposition to the standard, citing the responsiveness of the committee to public concerns. In the same year, a National Bureau of Standards study concluded that the proposed standard would present few problems. A year later, a COBOL-80 compiler was released to DEC VAX users, who noted that conversion of COBOL-74 programs posed few problems. The new codice_2 statement and inline codice_3 were particularly well received and improved productivity, thanks to simplified control\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85215\",\n \"text\": \"later versions. This version was known as American National Standard (ANS) COBOL and was adopted by ISO in 1972. By 1970, COBOL had become the most widely used programming language in the world. Independently of the ANSI committee, the CODASYL Programming Language Committee was working on improving the language. They described new versions in 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1973, including changes such as new inter-program communication, debugging and file merging facilities as well as improved string-handling and library inclusion features. Although CODASYL was independent of the ANSI committee, the \\\"CODASYL Journal of Development\\\" was used by ANSI to identify features\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85210\",\n \"text\": \"and was made up of six individuals: The sub-committee did most of the work creating the specification, leaving the short-range committee to review and modify their work before producing the finished specification. The specifications were approved by the Executive Committee on January 3, 1960, and sent to the government printing office, which printed these as \\\"COBOL 60\\\". The language's stated objectives were to allow efficient, portable programs to be easily written, to allow users to move to new systems with minimal effort and cost, and to be suitable for inexperienced programmers. The CODASYL Executive Committee later created the COBOL Maintenance\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85208\",\n \"text\": \"them as a \\\"hodgepodge\\\". The subcommittee was given until December to improve it. At a mid-September meeting, the committee discussed the new language's name. Suggestions included \\\"BUSY\\\" (Business System), \\\"INFOSYL\\\" (Information System Language) and \\\"COCOSYL\\\" (Common Computer Systems Language). The name \\\"COBOL\\\" was suggested by Bob Bemer. In October, the intermediate-range committee received copies of the FACT language specification created by Roy Nutt. Its features impressed the committee so much that they passed a resolution to base COBOL on it. This was a blow to the short-range committee, who had made good progress on the specification. Despite being technically superior,\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85218\",\n \"text\": \"sue the standard committee because it was not upwards compatible with COBOL-74. Mr. Brophy described previous conversions of their 40-million-line code base as \\\"non-productive\\\" and a \\\"complete waste of our programmer resources\\\". Later that year, the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA) said it was \\\"strongly opposed\\\" to the new standard, citing \\\"prohibitive\\\" conversion costs and enhancements that were \\\"forced on the user\\\". During the first public review period, the committee received 2,200 responses, of which 1,700 were negative form letters. Other responses were detailed analyses of the effect COBOL-80 would have on their systems; conversion costs were predicted to be\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85252\",\n \"text\": \"very likely using a punch card reader, and 80 column punch cards. The listing below, \\\"with an empty DATA DIVISION\\\", was tested using GNU/Linux and the System/370 Hercules emulator running MVS 3.8J. The JCL, written in July 2015, is derived from the Hercules tutorials and samples hosted by Jay Moseley. In keeping with COBOL programming of that era, HELLO, WORLD is displayed in all capital letters. //COBUCLG JOB (001),'COBOL BASE TEST', 00010000 // CLASS=A,MSGCLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1) 00020000 //BASETEST EXEC COBUCLG 00030000 //COB.SYSIN DD * 00040000 //LKED.SYSLIB DD DSNAME=SYS1.COBLIB,DISP=SHR 00190000 // DD DSNAME=SYS1.LINKLIB,DISP=SHR 00200000 //GO.SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=A 00210000 // 00220000 After submitting the\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1717328\",\n \"text\": \"of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The common plural of \\\"person\\\", \\\"people\\\", is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in \\\"a people\\\"). The plural \\\"persons\\\" is often used in philosophical and legal writing. In ancient Rome, the word \\\"persona\\\" (Latin) or \\\"prosopon\\\" (πρόσωπον; Greek) originally referred to the masks worn by actors on stage. The various masks represented the various \\\"personae\\\" in the stage play. The concept of person was further developed during\",\n \"title\": \"Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85253\",\n \"text\": \"JCL, the MVS console displayed: \\\"Line 10 of the console listing above is highlighted for effect, the highlighting is not part of the actual console output\\\". The associated compiler listing generated over four pages of technical detail and job run information, for the single line of output from the 14 lines of COBOL. In the 1970s, adoption of the structured programming paradigm was becoming increasingly widespread. Edsger Dijkstra, a preeminent computer scientist, wrote a letter to the editor of Communications of the ACM, published 1975 entitled \\\"How do we tell truths that might hurt?\\\", in which he was critical of\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85245\",\n \"text\": \"in the adjacent image, a mine is tripped at the end of when the screen is invalid. When the screen is invalid, control jumps to the section, which, when done, performs . This recursion triggers undefined behavior as there are now two overlapping ranges of procedures being performed. The mine is then triggered upon reaching the end of and means control could return to one of two locations: COBOL 2014 has 47 statements (also called \\\"), which can be grouped into the following broad categories: control flow, I/O, data manipulation and the report writer. The report writer statements are covered\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85232\",\n \"text\": \"specify variable features such as currency signs, locales and character sets. The input-output section contains file-related information. COBOL supports three file formats, or ': sequential, indexed and relative. In sequential files, records are contiguous and must be traversed sequentially, similarly to a linked list. Indexed files have one or more indexes which allow records to be randomly accessed and which can be sorted on them. Each record must have a unique key, but other, ', record keys need not be unique. Implementations of indexed files vary between vendors, although common implementations, such as C‑ISAM and VSAM, are based on IBM's\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85230\",\n \"text\": \"can be placed anywhere and can also be used in fixed-format source code. Continuation lines are not present, and the codice_14 directive replaces the codice_15 indicator. The identification division identifies the following code entity and contains the definition of a class or interface. Classes and interfaces have been in COBOL since 2002. Classes have factory objects, containing class methods and variables, and instance objects, containing instance methods and variables. Inheritance and interfaces provide polymorphism. Support for generic programming is provided through parameterized classes, which can be instantiated to use any class or interface. Objects are stored as references which may\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85227\",\n \"text\": \"and separators. Words include reserved words and user-defined identifiers. They are up to 31 characters long and may include letters, digits, hyphens and underscores. Literals include numerals (e.g. ) and strings (e.g. ). Separators include the space character and commas and semi-colons followed by a space. A COBOL program is split into four divisions: the identification division, the environment division, the data division and the procedure division. The identification division specifies the name and type of the source element and is where classes and interfaces are specified. The environment division specifies any program features that depend on the system running\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85207\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\" (indices). Another point of controversy was whether to make keywords context-sensitive and the effect that would have on readability. Although context-sensitive keywords were rejected, the approach was later used in PL/I and partially in COBOL from 2002. Little consideration was given to interactivity, interaction with operating systems (few existed at that time) and functions (thought of as purely mathematical and of no use in data processing). The specifications were presented to the Executive Committee on September 4. They fell short of expectations: Joseph Wegstein noted that \\\"it contains rough spots and requires some additions\\\", and Bob Bemer later described\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85206\",\n \"text\": \"out\\\". Features from COMTRAN incorporated into COBOL included formulas, the clause, an improved codice_1 statement, which obviated the need for GO TOs, and a more robust file management system. The usefulness of the committee's work was subject of great debate. While some members thought the language had too many compromises and was the result of design by committee, others felt it was better than the three languages examined. Some felt the language was too complex; others, too simple. Controversial features included those some considered useless or too advanced for data processing users. Such features included boolean expressions, formulas and table\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85197\",\n \"text\": \"design; it was (effectively) designed from the ground up as a computer language for business, with an emphasis on inputs and outputs, whose only data types were numbers and strings of text. COBOL has been criticized throughout its life, however, for its verbosity, design process and poor support for structured programming. These weaknesses result in monolithic and, though intended to be English-like, not easily comprehensible and verbose programs. In the late 1950s, computer users and manufacturers were becoming concerned about the rising cost of programming. A 1959 survey had found that in any data processing installation, the programming cost US$800,000\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"85234\",\n \"text\": \"sections which declare different items: the file section, for file records; the working-storage section, for static variables; the local-storage section, for automatic variables; the linkage section, for parameters and the return value; the report section and the screen section, for text-based user interfaces. Data items in COBOL are declared hierarchically through the use of level-numbers which indicate if a data item is part of another. An item with a higher level-number is subordinate to an item with a lower one. Top-level data items, with a level-number of 1, are called '. Items that have subordinate aggregate data are called ';\",\n \"title\": \"COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5083345\",\n \"text\": \"worldwide. By 1985, a version for the IBM PC existed called PC-BLIS. Originally, most operating systems were written in assembly language for a particular processor or family of processors. Non-assembler operating systems were comparatively slow, but were easier for revision and repair. One of the reasons for the C programming language's low-level features, which resemble assembly language in some ways, is an early intent to use it for writing operating systems. Similar goals led to IBM's development of PL/S. The high-level nature of COBOL, which created some problems for operating system development, was partially addressed in BLIS, since it was\",\n \"title\": \"BLIS/COBOL\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1717327\",\n \"text\": \"Person A person is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and consequently what makes a person count as a person differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead\",\n \"title\": \"Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15984483\",\n \"text\": \"explains how they will use this budget to meet what is important to and for them. Person centred thinking was first developed by a group of people practicing Essential Lifestyle Planning in the US (now known as 'The Learning Community for Person Centred Practices). These planners realised that while many plans were being written, many of these were not leading to real change in peoples lives. This group decided that person centred planning was something a small group of people needed to know, but that for planning to work, a much wider group of people need skills around listening for\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred thinking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2376383\",\n \"text\": \"needs. When virtual memory was added to versions OS/360 in 1972, the 4K strategy became even more important to reduce paging and thrashing unproductive resource-contention overhead. The efficiency of compiled high-level COBOL and PL/I language programs left much to be desired. Many CICS application programs continued to be written in assembler language, even after COBOL and PL/I support became available. With 1960s-and-1970s hardware resources expensive and scarce, a competitive \\\"game\\\" developed among system optimization analysts. When critical path code was identified, a code snippet was passed around from one analyst to another. Each person had to either (a) reduce the\",\n \"title\": \"CICS\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16849955\",\n \"text\": \"A meta-analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58, 281–342. Kristof-Brown, A., & Guay, R. P. (2011). Person–environment fit. APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology,3, 3-50. doi:10.1037/12171-001 Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309-336. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology: 1297-1350. Chicago: Rand McNally. Muchinsky, P. M., & Monahan, C. J. (1987). What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, 268-277. Piasentin, K.A., & Chapman, D.S.\",\n \"title\": \"Person–environment fit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1717332\",\n \"text\": \"corporations, sovereign states and other polities, or estates in probate. Personal identity is the unique identity of persons through time. That is to say, the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a person at one time and a person at another time can be said to be the \\\"same\\\" person, persisting through time. In the modern philosophy of mind, this concept of personal identity is sometimes referred to as the \\\"diachronic\\\" problem of personal identity. The \\\"synchronic\\\" problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. Identity is an issue for\",\n \"title\": \"Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7098318\",\n \"text\": \"person-centred planning in Canada by Jack Pearpoint, Judith Snow and Marsha Forest. Whilst it was developed because of the social and service response to disability, it was quickly recognised to be as useful for many other individuals and groups of people. Disabled people in the UK and USA developed the Social model of disability, arguing for a shift in the balance of power between people and the services on which they rely. Person centred planning is based in the social model of disability because it places the emphasis on transforming the options available to the person, rather than on 'fixing'\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred planning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7098329\",\n \"text\": \"the Person-Centered Plan (PCP) offers a platform for the person and their trusted allies to identify and express their vision and commitments without limiting that expression to what can or will be provided by the service system. Some time later, the formal system can develop a plan for service delivery that may be based on and consistent with the person's plan, that recognizes and supports the contributions of the person, family and community, and that clearly acknowledges the limitations of what the system is prepared to provide. John O'Brien sums up the problem of trying to deliver person centredness through\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred planning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20572190\",\n \"text\": \"compact single-person spacecraft have been considered by ISS for EVA work, to avoid having to go through the decompression needed to use the lower-pressure space suits. NASA developed a body-shaped single person spacecraft called FlexCraft, with the idea of allowing more and shorter EVA. The spacecraft would be at the same atmospheric pressure as the ISS, thus removing the medical stress and time needed to decompress and compress, and the danger of the bends. A single-person spacecraft could also enhance protection against micrometeoriod impacts and radiation from cosmic rays. The Personal Rescue Enclosure was developed for the Space Shuttle. On\",\n \"title\": \"Single-person spacecraft\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1356426\",\n \"text\": \"pronouns, the Old Rapa language adheres closely to the same pronominal system. There exists possessive pronouns for each case: inclusive first person singular, first person dual, and first person plural; exclusive first person singular, first person dual, and first person plural; second person singular, second person dual, and second person plural; and third person singular, third person dual, and third person plural. The possessive pronouns of Old Rapa are constructed following three morphemes: \\\"the indefinite article (te) + the possessive marker (a/o) + pronoun\\\" However, when spoken, both the indefinite article and possessive markers are put together into what is\",\n \"title\": \"Third-person pronoun\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4008469\",\n \"text\": \"facilitative, empathic environment wherein the patient could discover the answers for him or herself. Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, \\\"an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment\\\", via acceptance (\\\"unconditional positive regard\\\"), therapist \\\"congruence\\\" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centered therapy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4008464\",\n \"text\": \"Person-centered therapy Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s. Person-centered therapy seeks to facilitate a client's self-actualizing tendency, \\\"an inbuilt proclivity toward growth and fulfillment\\\", via acceptance (\\\"unconditional positive regard\\\"), therapist \\\"congruence\\\" (genuineness), and empathic understanding. Person-centered therapy, now considered a founding work in the humanistic school of psychotherapies, began with Carl Rogers, and is recognized as one of the major psychotherapy \\\"schools\\\" (theoretical orientations), along with psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, classical Adlerian psychology, cognitive\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centered therapy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13624764\",\n \"text\": \"back-end and optimizer. There is also a common language runtime environment. The UCS system was developed starting in 1969 and initially included PL/I and Pascal. FORTRAN and COBOL were soon added. Ada was added later. The currently supported languages include COBOL, FORTRAN, C, and PLUS. PLUS, Programming Language for Unisys (originally UNIVAC) Systems, is a block structured language somewhat similar to Pascal which it predates. Previous PLUS, COBOL and FORTRAN compilers are also still supported. An even earlier FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN V), while no longer supported, is still in use for an application developed in the 1960s in that language.\",\n \"title\": \"Unisys OS 2200 programming languages\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7098327\",\n \"text\": \"required by regulatory agencies (e.g., state offices in the USA through local agencies). Person-centred planning can have many effects that go beyond the making of plans. It can create a space during which someone who is not usually listened to has central stage. It can insist that discussion is centred on what the person is telling us is important to them, with their words and behaviours, as well as what others feel is important for the person. It can engage participants personally by allowing them to hear of deeply felt hopes and fears. It can assist people in a circle\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred planning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2033706\",\n \"text\": \"given circumstances, such customary requirements are not themselves conclusive of what a reasonable person would do. It is precisely for this wide-ranging variety of possible facts that the reasonable person standard is so broad (and often confusing and difficult to apply). However, a few general areas of relevant circumstances rise above the others. Allowing for circumstances under which a person must act urgently is important to preventing hindsight bias from affecting the trier of fact. Given pressing circumstances, a reasonable person may not always act in a manner similar to how they would have acted in a more relaxed setting.\",\n \"title\": \"Reasonable person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19107896\",\n \"text\": \"Person-affecting view A person-affecting or person-based view (also called person-affecting restriction) in population ethics captures the intuition that an act can only be bad if it is bad \\\"for\\\" someone. Similarly something can be good only if it is good \\\"for\\\" someone. Therefore, according to standard person-affecting views, there is no moral obligation to create people nor moral good in creating people because nonexistence means \\\"there is never a person who could have benefited from being created\\\". Whether one accepts person-affecting views greatly influences to what extent shaping the far future is important (since there may be greatly more humans\",\n \"title\": \"Person-affecting view\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15984481\",\n \"text\": \"thinking in services was an important condition for services having the capacity and systems for delivering person centred results. Person-centred thinking tools in common use include one-page profiles, 'working/not working', 'important to/important for', 'good day/bad day', communication charts, 'doughnut' of staff roles and responsibilities, relationship circles, learning logs and person-centred reviews. These tools provide an agenda which a person and the people who know that person best can think together, focussing on what is important to that person, how they wish to live, and then introduce changes that will move towards those aspirations. Practitioners of person centred thinking suggest that\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred thinking\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1717333\",\n \"text\": \"both continental philosophy and analytic philosophy. A key question in continental philosophy is in what sense we can maintain the modern conception of identity, while realizing many of our prior assumptions about the world are incorrect. Proposed solutions to the problem of personal identity include continuity of the physical body, continuity of an immaterial mind or soul, continuity of consciousness or memory, the bundle theory of self, continuity of personality after the death of the physical body, and proposals that there are actually no persons or selves who persist over time at all. Person A person is a being that\",\n \"title\": \"Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7098337\",\n \"text\": \"self-determination than traditional person-centered approaches. Person centred thinking and planning is founded on the premise that genuine listening contains an implied promise to take action. Unless what is learned about how the person wishes to live, and where they wish to go in their lives is recorded and acted upon, any planning will have been a waste of time, and more importantly a betrayal of the person and the trust they have placed in those who have planned with them. In the UK initiatives such as individual budgets and self-directed supports using models like In Control mean that Person Centred\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred planning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19544181\",\n \"text\": \"grown to be internationally associated with successful outcomes of the health care. Initially, the method was developed for senior patients and patients with intellectual disabilities but the ideas have later spread to other medical fields. Within person-centred care, the patient is considered an independent and capable individual with their own abilities to make informed decisions. Autonomy and participation are always emphasised and respected. For the patient, the person-centred approach allows for involvement and extended possibilities to take responsibility for their own health and treatment. There are four vantage points that constitute the foundation of person-centred care The person-centred care is\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centered care\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14082165\",\n \"text\": \"the year before \\\"Doom\\\", has been credited with introducing the genre, but critics have since identified similar though less advanced games developed as far back as 1973. There are occasional disagreements regarding the specific design elements which constitute a first-person shooter. For example, \\\"Deus Ex\\\" or \\\"BioShock\\\" may be considered as first-person shooters, but may also be considered role-playing video games as they borrow from this genre extensively. Certain puzzle games like \\\"Portal\\\" are also called first-person shooters, but lack any direct combat or shooting element, instead using the first-person perspective to help immerse players within the game to help\",\n \"title\": \"First-person shooter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20485813\",\n \"text\": \"for many readers, it captures what it is like to be a woman in her twenties in 2017, including \\\"the desperate need to be considered polite and nice at all costs.\\\" Following the story's success, Roupenian secured a seven figure deal with Scout Press for her debut book, and was the subject of a bidding war in the American market, with offers exceeding $1m. Cat Person \\\"Cat Person\\\" is a short story by Kristen Roupenian. It was published in December 2017, in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" and went viral online. The story follows in third person narrative the brief relationship between\",\n \"title\": \"Cat Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2033684\",\n \"text\": \"Reasonable person In law, a reasonable person, reasonable man, or the man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical person of legal fiction crafted by the courts and communicated through case law and jury instructions. Strictly according to the fiction, it is misconceived for a party to seek evidence from actual people in order to establish how the reasonable man would have acted or what he would have foreseen. This person's character and care conduct under any \\\"common set of facts,\\\" is decided through reasoning of good practice or policy—or \\\"learned\\\" permitting there is a compelling consensus of public opinion—by\",\n \"title\": \"Reasonable person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"849453\",\n \"text\": \"Developed country A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. Developed countries have generally post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector\",\n \"title\": \"Developed country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5641416\",\n \"text\": \"of markets. From 24 September 2018, FTSE Group classifies 25 countries as developed markets: Developed countries all have met criteria under the following categories: As of October 2017, MSCI classified the following 26 countries as developed markets: According to \\\"MSCI Global investable Market Indexes Methodology - October 2017\\\", Cyprus as well as Iceland and Luxembourg, \\\"are part of the developed market universe\\\", but \\\"given their modest size, these markets are not included in the MSCI World index\\\". As of 31 October 2017, Standard and Poor's classifies the following 25 countries as developed markets: Developed market In investing, a developed market\",\n \"title\": \"Developed market\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16849926\",\n \"text\": \"such as person–supervisor fit and person–job fit, which are conceptually distinct from one another (Edwards & Shipp, 2007; Kristof, 1996). Nevertheless, it is generally assumed that person–environment fit leads to positive outcomes, such as satisfaction, performance, and overall well-being (Ostroff & Schulte, 2007). Person–organization fit (P–O fit) is the most widely studied area of person–environment fit, and is defined by Kristof (1996) as, \\\"the compatibility between people and organizations that occurs when (a) at least one entity provides what the other needs, (b) they share similar fundamental characteristics, or (c) both\\\" (Kristof, 1996). High value congruence is a large facet\",\n \"title\": \"Person–environment fit\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11314877\",\n \"text\": \"First-person (gaming) In video games, the first person refers to a graphical perspective rendered from the viewpoint of the player's character. In many cases, this may be the viewpoint from the cockpit of a vehicle. Many different genres have made use of first-person perspectives, ranging from adventure games to driving, sailing, and flight simulators. The most notable genre to make use of this device is the first-person shooter, where the graphical perspective has a heavy impact on gameplay. Games with a first-person perspective are usually avatar-based, wherein the game displays what the player's avatar would see with the avatar's own\",\n \"title\": \"First-person (gaming)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11263709\",\n \"text\": \"and in other isolated dwellings. The main types of communities in rural areas can be: a village of 200 to 800 people, a hamlet with fewer than 200 people, or an isolated dwelling— 1 or 2 buildings with families in it. Populations in Rural communities/areas are usually under 10,000 people. Developed environments Developed environments (human settlements) are environments in geography. Different kinds of developed lands are developed environments. The main developed environments are Urban, Suburban, Rural and (not as much) Exurban communities. The different types of developed human settlements are: urban, suburban, rural and exurban. The main types of communities\",\n \"title\": \"Developed environments\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11263706\",\n \"text\": \"Developed environments Developed environments (human settlements) are environments in geography. Different kinds of developed lands are developed environments. The main developed environments are Urban, Suburban, Rural and (not as much) Exurban communities. The different types of developed human settlements are: urban, suburban, rural and exurban. The main types of communities in urban areas can be: a metropolis (metropolitan area) (pop. usually over 1,000,000) or a city (pop. over 100,000.) Suburban: A residential area on the outskirts of a city. Suburban areas have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods. Suburban areas are dense to semi-dense population areas. A suburban area\",\n \"title\": \"Developed environments\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14209165\",\n \"text\": \"Google Person Finder Google Person Finder is an open source web application that provides a registry and message board for survivors, family, and loved ones affected by a natural disaster to post and search for information about each other's status and whereabouts. It was created by volunteer Google engineers in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Google Person Finder is written in Python and hosted on Google App Engine. Its database and API are based on the People Finder Interchange Format (PFIF) developed in 2005 for the Katrina PeopleFinder Project. Immediately after the 2010 Haiti earthquake a group of 20%\",\n \"title\": \"Google Person Finder\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"849466\",\n \"text\": \"wholly or partly in Europe: 3 countries wholly or partly in Asia: 3 countries in the Americas: 1 country in Oceania: Developed country A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which\",\n \"title\": \"Developed country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2306096\",\n \"text\": \"common. They usually had only RS232 serial ports (4–16) and parallel printer ports instead of built in graphics, as was typical for servers of the time. Z8000-based computer systems included Zilog's own System 8000 series, as well as other manufacturers: The Zilog S8000 computer came out with a version of Unix called ZEUS (Zilog Enhanced Unix System). ZEUS was a port of Unix Ver 7 and included what were referred to as 'the Berkeley Enhancements'. ZEUS included a version of COBOL called RM/COBOL (Ryan McFarland COBOL). The availability of RM/COBOL allowed many commercial applications to be quickly ported to the\",\n \"title\": \"Zilog Z8000\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7098319\",\n \"text\": \"or changing the person. Specifically person-centred planning was based diversely on principles of community integration/inclusion/ normalisation/social role valorization. Prior to its inception, these principles were crystallised by John O'Brien and Connie Lyle O'Brien in the 'Framework for Accomplishment' which listed five key areas important in shaping people's quality of life, and asserting that services should be judged by the extent to which they enable people to: The title 'person-centred' is used because those who developed it and used it initially shared a belief that services tend to work in a 'service-centred' way. This 'service-centred' behaviour appears in many forms, but\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centred planning\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14082176\",\n \"text\": \"Some player communities complain about freemium first-person-shooters, fearing that they create unbalanced games, but many game designers have tweaked prices in response to criticism, and players can usually get the same benefits by playing longer rather than paying. The earliest two documented first-person shooter video games are \\\"Maze War\\\" and \\\"Spasim.\\\" \\\"Maze War\\\" was originally developed in 1973 by Greg Thompson, Steve Colley and Howard Palmer, high-school students in a NASA work-study program trying to develop a program to help visualize fluid dynamics for spacecraft designs. The work became a maze game presented to the player in the first-person, and\",\n \"title\": \"First-person shooter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12929996\",\n \"text\": \"are not considered. The use and non-use of technology as conceptualized in the Matching person and technology model has been validated by many researchers and authors representing the fields of occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech language pathology, psychology, and others. The matching person and technology model is operationalized by a series of reliable and valid measures that provide a person-centered and individualized approach to matching individuals with the most appropriate technologies for their use. The matching person & technology model and measures were developed by Marcia J. Scherer beginning in 1986. Matching person and technology model The matching person and\",\n \"title\": \"Matching person and technology model\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6373138\",\n \"text\": \"interviews with George Clooney, Jon Bon Jovi, and Warren Buffett. The premiere attracted 5.9 million viewers, less than a third of the viewers watching \\\"American Idol\\\" and fewer than the 8.44 million who watched \\\"The Middle\\\"; it outrated \\\"One Tree Hill\\\" and \\\"Whitney\\\", though the latter attracted a larger share of the 18–49 audience. Had the two specially-scheduled episodes been well-received, \\\"Person to Person\\\" could have become a regularly scheduled series. The second episode aired on November 23, 2012 (Black Friday), featuring Sean Penn, Alicia Keys and Drew Brees. Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program\",\n \"title\": \"Person to Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6373134\",\n \"text\": \"Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program in the United States that originally ran from 1953 to 1961, with two episodes of an attempted revival airing in 2012. Edward R. Murrow hosted the original series from its inception in 1953 until 1959, interviewing celebrities in their homes from a comfortable chair in his New York studio (his opening: \\\"\\\"Good evening, I'm Ed Murrow. And the name of the program is 'Person to Person'. It's all live – there's no film\\\"\\\"). In the last two years of its original run, Charles Collingwood was the host. Although Murrow\",\n \"title\": \"Person to Person\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"849462\",\n \"text\": \"HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula. Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA, and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant. However many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 \\\"advanced economies\\\". The OECD's 36 members\",\n \"title\": \"Developed country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"849455\",\n \"text\": \"Terms linked to the concept \\\"developed country\\\" include \\\"advanced country\\\", \\\"industrialized country\\\", \\\"'more developed country\\\" (MDC), \\\"more economically developed country\\\" (MEDC), \\\"Global North country\\\", \\\"first world country\\\", and \\\"post-industrial country\\\". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialization is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.\",\n \"title\": \"Developed country\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5641415\",\n \"text\": \"Developed market In investing, a developed market is a country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. The country must be high income, but this also includes openness to foreign ownership, ease of capital movement, and efficiency of market institutions. This term is contrasted with developing market (Emerging markets and frontier markets are types of developing markets). FTSE Group, a provider of economic and financial data, assigns the market status of countries as Developed, Advanced Emerging, Secondary Emerging or Frontier on the basis of their economic size, wealth, quality of markets, depth of markets, breadth\",\n \"title\": \"Developed market\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9331014\",\n \"text\": \"Ability Test to scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence in 100 children and found a very low correlation (r=0.27). Similarly, results found with child and youth psychiatric inpatients failed to support the hypothesized relationship between human figure drawings and IQ. This suggests that the Draw-a-Person test should not be used as a substitute for other well-established intelligence tests. Draw-a-Person test The Draw-a-Person test (DAP, DAP test, or Goodenough–Harris Draw-a-Person test) is a psychological projective personality or cognitive test used to evaluate children and adolescents for a variety of purposes. Developed originally by Florence Goodenough in 1926,\",\n \"title\": \"Draw-a-Person test\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19951748\",\n \"text\": \"the requirements have changed. The person-centered systems theory describes the systemic effects of communication between humans (couples, families, organizations) as well as their interrelations through internal processes (perception, thinking, feeling) in its complex, non-linear interaction both bottom-up and top-down. Kriz (2017) provides a comprehensive presentation and discussion of the person-centered systems theory. Person-centered systems theory The person-centered systems theory (German: Personzentrierte Systemtheorie) is a multi-level concept for the understanding of processes in psychotherapy, counseling, coaching and clinical psychology under consideration of the interrelation of different levels – namely body, psyche, interpersonal and social processes. The concept has been developed by\",\n \"title\": \"Person-centered systems theory\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":285,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"286"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the inner peel of an orange called?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7582944","text":"Peel (fruit) Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness. A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium. In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called \"albedo\" or, among non-botanists, \"pith\") is peeled off together with the outer layer (called","title":"Peel (fruit)"},{"docid":"7718951","text":"x mandarin hybrids (e.g. clementines). Mandarin traits generally include being smaller and oblate, easier to peel, and less acidic. Pomelo traits include a thick white albedo (rind pith, mesocarp) that is more closely attached to the segments. Orange trees generally are grafted. The bottom of the tree, including the roots and trunk, is called rootstock, while the fruit-bearing top has two different names: budwood (when referring to the process of grafting) and scion (when mentioning the variety of orange). The word \"orange\" derives from the Sanskrit word for \"orange tree\" (\"नारङ्ग nāraṅga\"), which in turn derives from a Dravidian root","title":"Orange (fruit)"},{"docid":"7718990","text":"It also is used in certain recipes as a food flavoring or garnish. The outermost layer of the rind can be thinly grated with a zester to produce orange zest. Zest is popular in cooking because it contains oils and has a strong flavor similar to that of the orange pulp. The white part of the rind, including the pith, is a source of pectin and has nearly the same amount of vitamin C as the flesh and other nutrients. Although not as juicy or tasty as the flesh, orange peel is edible and has significant contents of vitamin C,","title":"Orange (fruit)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7582944\",\n \"text\": \"Peel (fruit) Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness. A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium. In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called \\\"albedo\\\" or, among non-botanists, \\\"pith\\\") is peeled off together with the outer layer (called\",\n \"title\": \"Peel (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7718951\",\n \"text\": \"x mandarin hybrids (e.g. clementines). Mandarin traits generally include being smaller and oblate, easier to peel, and less acidic. Pomelo traits include a thick white albedo (rind pith, mesocarp) that is more closely attached to the segments. Orange trees generally are grafted. The bottom of the tree, including the roots and trunk, is called rootstock, while the fruit-bearing top has two different names: budwood (when referring to the process of grafting) and scion (when mentioning the variety of orange). The word \\\"orange\\\" derives from the Sanskrit word for \\\"orange tree\\\" (\\\"नारङ्ग nāraṅga\\\"), which in turn derives from a Dravidian root\",\n \"title\": \"Orange (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7718990\",\n \"text\": \"It also is used in certain recipes as a food flavoring or garnish. The outermost layer of the rind can be thinly grated with a zester to produce orange zest. Zest is popular in cooking because it contains oils and has a strong flavor similar to that of the orange pulp. The white part of the rind, including the pith, is a source of pectin and has nearly the same amount of vitamin C as the flesh and other nutrients. Although not as juicy or tasty as the flesh, orange peel is edible and has significant contents of vitamin C,\",\n \"title\": \"Orange (fruit)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7407531","text":"Orange peel (effect) Orange peel is a certain kind of finish that may develop on painted and cast surfaces, even screen protectors. The texture resembles the surface of the skin of an orange. Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry into a smooth surface. However, various factors can cause it to dry into a bumpy surface resembling the texture of an orange peel. The orange peel phenomenon can then be smoothed out with ultra-fine sandpaper, but it can be prevented altogether by changing the painting technique or the materials used.","title":"Orange peel (effect)"},{"docid":"7407538","text":"positioning errors related to this translation are therefore avoided. Orange peel (effect) Orange peel is a certain kind of finish that may develop on painted and cast surfaces, even screen protectors. The texture resembles the surface of the skin of an orange. Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry into a smooth surface. However, various factors can cause it to dry into a bumpy surface resembling the texture of an orange peel. The orange peel phenomenon can then be smoothed out with ultra-fine sandpaper, but it can be prevented altogether","title":"Orange peel (effect)"},{"docid":"6355897","text":"Orange Peel (horse) Orange Peel was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses. Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924-1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree. One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange, the sire of Ibrahim, Jus","title":"Orange Peel (horse)"},{"docid":"6355898","text":"de Pomme, and Plein d'Espoirs. Orange Peel (horse) Orange Peel was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses. Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924-1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree. One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange,","title":"Orange Peel (horse)"},{"docid":"7407532","text":"Orange peel is typically the result of improper painting technique, and is caused by the quick evaporation of thinner, incorrect spray gun setup (e.g., low air pressure or incorrect nozzle), spraying the paint at an angle other than perpendicular, or applying excessive paint. In some situations, such as interior house paint, the orange peel texture is desirable. In this case, a texture paint is generally applied with a spray gun. The texture is then painted over with the appropriate color. When painting walls, orange peel can also develop by using a roller with too little paint or too thick a","title":"Orange peel (effect)"},{"docid":"12044645","text":"The Orange Peel The Orange Peel is a music venue located in downtown Asheville, North Carolina. It has a capacity of 1,050 people and has hosted many well known acts, including 311, Modest Mouse, Tegan and Sara, Black Label Society, Umphrey's McGee in '03, Bob Dylan in '04, Chevelle in '05, Smashing Pumpkins (residency in '07), the Beastie Boys in '09, The Black Keys, Lauryn Hill in '17, Ice Cube, Skrillex, Deadmau5, Bassnectar, Pretty Lights, The Glitch Mob, Wax Tailor, Medeski, Martin, and Wood, Queens of the Stone Age in '07, Mastodon in '11, Breaking Benjamin in '17, Megadeth, GWAR","title":"The Orange Peel"},{"docid":"7407533","text":"paint and the surface dries before the texture can level. The instruments used to measure orange peel simulate visual perception. Like our eyes, the instruments optically scan the wavy light/dark pattern. Two types of instruments are available to quantify the texture or waviness of a surface: Orange peel meter The orange peel meter uses a laser point light source to illuminate the specimen at a 60° angle and uses a detector to measure the reflected light intensity at the equal but opposite angle. The instrument is rolled across the surface and measures point by point the optical profile of the","title":"Orange peel (effect)"},{"docid":"5672972","text":"Orange Peel (event) In 1995, a group of students, faculty and alumni from Oklahoma State University traveled to the University of Florida to witness its annual pep rally known as the Gator Growl,\" which would become the inspiration for Oklahoma State's \"Orange Peel\" event. A month after witnessing the Gator Growl, student leaders were selected and the planning and preparation for the first Orange Peel began. When creators contemplated on a name they decided to get away from OSU's longstanding cowboy theme and establish a unique school identity. So to honor Oklahoma State University's primary color the rally became known","title":"Orange Peel (event)"},{"docid":"5672975","text":"Cancelation has been attributed to the financial insolvency of past events and outstanding debt owed by the University Student Government Association to the University Student Union (Allegedly $300,000). Multiple attempts by student leaders to \"bring back Orange Peel\" have been dismissed by school administrators as recently as 2013. It is widely believed that the administration has little interest in brokering a payment workout given their long standing campaign to discourage events which might encourage the consumption of alcohol. Orange Peel (event) In 1995, a group of students, faculty and alumni from Oklahoma State University traveled to the University of Florida","title":"Orange Peel (event)"},{"docid":"1585789","text":"the same flower) or parthenocarpic (not needing pollination and therefore seedless, such as the satsuma). Mandarin orange fruits are small (4 to 8 cm). Their color is orange, orange-yellow, or orange-red. Their shape is spherical or oblate (flattened at the poles). The skin is thin and peels off easily. Their easiness to peel is an important advantage of mandarin oranges over other citrus fruits that all are more difficult to peel. Just like with other citrus fruits, the endocarp (inner flesh) is separated into segments, which in their turn consist of a large number of elongated cells. The fruits may","title":"Mandarin orange"},{"docid":"5672974","text":"Alan Jackson, Jason Mraz, Lit, Pablo Francisco, Incubus, Sinbad, Barenaked Ladies, Better Than Ezra, Vanessa Carlton, Third Eye Blind, Goo Goo Dolls, Blues Traveler, David Spade, Jeff Foxworthy, Bill Cosby, Damon Wayans, Randy Travis and Ben Folds. In 2006, country superstar Alan Jackson, comedian Bill Engvall, and The Hero Factor performed. Orange Peel of 2008 was held at the Gallagher Iba Arena on October 3, 2008, and featured Sugarland, Motion City Soundtrack, Kellie Pickler and Ashton Shepherd. The 2009 event featured Jimmy Fallon and Jason Aldean. As of August 1, Orange Peel for the 2007-2008 school year has been canceled.","title":"Orange Peel (event)"},{"docid":"12044646","text":"(from VA), Lamb of God (from VA), Decapitated, Silversun Pickups in '16, The Dirty Heads in '18, and The Struts (from the UK) in '18. It was also a host venue for the annual Moogfest electronic music festival, which showcases the latest and greatest in electronic music. The Orange Peel has also hosted Asheville's Warren Haynes in '13 for the Christmas Pre-Jam, Asheville's Chase Rice in '17, Rainbow Kitten Surprise (from Boone) in '18, Ben Folds (from Winston-Salem/Chapel Hill) in '09, Daughtry (from NC) in '08, Southern Culture on the Skids in '02, Ben Taylor (son of James Taylor) Band","title":"The Orange Peel"},{"docid":"5672973","text":"as \"Orange Peel\". After deciding on the pep rally name, the students decided to let the campus submit ideas for a mascot. From this contest, the mascot \"Pulp\" was born. He was to be an orange wearing a cowboy hat and boots. With a mascot and a name, the team forged ahead developing a mission statement and a set of goals. The mission was simple and ambitious: \"To become the largest student-produced concert event in the country and provide the OSU family with national and local headlining entertainment.\" Within a few years, the event has attracted such big-name entertainers as","title":"Orange Peel (event)"},{"docid":"4123365","text":"William Peel, 1st Earl Peel William Robert Wellesley Peel, 1st Earl Peel, (7 January 1867 – 28 September 1937), known as The Viscount Peel from 1912 to 1929, was a British politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley Peel, 1st Viscount Peel and Adelaide Dugdale, Peel was born in London in 1867. His father was the fifth and youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. He was educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was secretary of the Oxford Union. In 1893, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and practised as a barrister","title":"William Peel, 1st Earl Peel"},{"docid":"9176157","text":"peel\" (the actual color of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul. Orange peel is the color halfway between orange (color wheel) and amber on the color wheel. The first recorded use of \"orange peel\" as a color name in English was in 1839. The first recorded use of \"Princeton orange\" as a color name in English was in 1928. The color symbolizes Princeton University and is defined as Pantone 158. The equivalent RGB values vary among sources. One such color, closely matching that used on the defining pages at Princeton, is shown at","title":"Shades of orange"},{"docid":"10480382","text":"known as the \"monkey method\", since it is how monkeys are said to peel bananas. When the tip of a banana is pinched with two fingers, it will split and the peel comes off in two clean sections. The inner fibres, or \"strings\", between the fruit and the peel will remain attached to the peel and the stem of the banana can be used as a handle when eating the banana. Banana peel A banana peel, also called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. Banana peels are used as food for animals, in","title":"Banana peel"},{"docid":"14874059","text":"the guardianship of Historic Scotland, and is protected as a scheduled monument. It is considered to be of national importance as \"a good surviving example of an earthwork castle with water-filled outer defences.\" Peel of Lumphanan The Peel of Lumphanan, also known as the Peel Ring or Peel Bog of Lumphanan, is a defensive structure dating back to the 13th century. It is located near Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. The peel comprises a mound or motte, surrounded by two concentric ditches separated by a bank. The outer earth bank is about high, the inner ditch or moat is across,","title":"Peel of Lumphanan"},{"docid":"7582947","text":"chenpi). Fruit allergies make up about ten percent of all food related allergies. Peel (fruit) Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness. A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium. In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called \"albedo\"","title":"Peel (fruit)"},{"docid":"7407534","text":"surface across a defined distance. The instruments analyse the structures according to their size. In order to simulate the human eye's resolution at various distances, the measurement signal is divided into several ranges using mathematical filter functions: Simplified Measurement Diagram Structures smaller than 0.1 mm also influence visual perception, therefore the instruments use a CCD camera to measure the diffused light caused by these fine structures. This parameter is referred to as \"dullness\". The values of dullness and Wa to We form a \"structure spectrum\". This allows a detailed analysis of orange peel and its influencing factors, being material or","title":"Orange peel (effect)"},{"docid":"14874056","text":"Peel of Lumphanan The Peel of Lumphanan, also known as the Peel Ring or Peel Bog of Lumphanan, is a defensive structure dating back to the 13th century. It is located near Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. The peel comprises a mound or motte, surrounded by two concentric ditches separated by a bank. The outer earth bank is about high, the inner ditch or moat is across, and the central mound measures . The outer ditch was described as shallow in 1960, and is now difficult to discern. On the top of the mound are the remains of a thick","title":"Peel of Lumphanan"},{"docid":"4434716","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \"What Is This Thing Called","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love?"},{"docid":"9229790","text":"other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"9229786","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" According to Asimov, in \"1938-39 ... for some half a","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"2156323","text":"Regional Municipality of Peel The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon. The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is in Brampton. With a population of 1,296,814 (2011 census), Peel Region is the second-largest municipality in Ontario after Toronto. Its growth can be credited largely to immigration and its","title":"Regional Municipality of Peel"},{"docid":"4386201","text":"in China.\" Orange chicken has also entered the menus of the mainstream U.S. by being served in school cafeterias, and in military bases chow halls, and also found in the supermarket frozen meal aisle. In most countries in the western hemisphere, the names \"orange chicken\", \"orange chicken peel\", \"orange flavoured chicken\", and \"tangerine chicken\" are typically used for this particular dish. In Chinese, this dish is known as \"橙花雞\", literally \"(Fresh) Orange peel chicken\". The dish also has a variation known as \"陳皮雞\", literally \"Dried Citrus peel chicken\", referring to dried orange or tangerine peel, which is used in traditional","title":"Orange chicken"},{"docid":"4434718","text":"forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as \"Hot House\" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love?"},{"docid":"2156332","text":"Punjabi is the mother tongue of 8.92% of the population, followed by Urdu (3.84%), Polish (2.68%), Portuguese (2.29%), Tagalog (2.24%), Italian (2.09%), Spanish (2.08%), Arabic (1.96%), and Hindi (1.50%). Regional Municipality of Peel The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon. The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is","title":"Regional Municipality of Peel"},{"docid":"2309380","text":"spirals and stuffing it with salt. The pickle is usually consumed with yoghurt rice called \"thayir sadam\". The fresh fruit is also used frequently in \"pachadis\". The Belgian \"Witbier\" (white beer) is made from wheat beer spiced with the peel of the bitter orange. The Finnish and Swedish use bitter orange peel in gingerbread (\"pepparkakor\"), some Christmas bread and in \"mämmi\". It is also used in the Nordic \"glögi\". In Greece and Cyprus, the \"nerántzi\" or \"kitrómilon\", respectively, is one of the most prized fruits used for spoon sweets, and the \"C. aurantium\" tree (\"nerantziá\" or \"kitromiliá\") is a popular","title":"Bitter orange"},{"docid":"556602","text":"in the Anglican Church and penalised both nonconformists and Catholics. They were no longer enforced but were a matter of humiliation. Peel at first opposed the repeal but reversed himself and led the repeal, after consultation with Anglican Church leaders. In future religious issues he made it a point to consult with church leaders from the major denominations. Canning favoured Catholic Emancipation, while Peel had been one of its most outspoken opponents (earning the nickname \"Orange Peel\", with Orange the colour of the anti-Catholic Irish Unionists). George Canning himself died less than four months later and, after the brief premiership","title":"Robert Peel"},{"docid":"4386202","text":"Chinese medicine as well as cooking. For restaurants outside of Asia, fresh orange peel is often used instead, or even no peel at all. Orange chicken Orange chicken () is a Chinese dish of Hunan origin. The variety of orange chicken most commonly found at North American Chinese restaurants consists of chopped, battered and fried chicken pieces coated in a sweet orange-flavored chili sauce, which thickens or caramelizes to a glaze. While the dish is very popular in the United States, it is most often found as a variation of General Tso's chicken in North America rather than the dish","title":"Orange chicken"},{"docid":"9176156","text":"Tea Rose (color sample #26) Note that the Pantone colors known as \"Tea Rose\" (16-1620 TCX, TPX, and TPG) are more pinkish in hue than ISCC-NBS color of the same name. \"Carrot orange\" is a tint of orange that is a representation of the color of the raw carrot vegetable. The first recorded use of \"carrot orange\" as a color name in English was in 1684. Displayed at right is the color \"orange peel\". A discussion of the difference between the color \"orange\" (the color halfway between red and yellow, shown below as \"color wheel orange\") and the color \"orange","title":"Shades of orange"},{"docid":"4063397","text":"Jordan and Turkey. 'Jaffa' oranges, also known as \"shamouti\", are practically seedless, with a flavour that has been described as \"excellent\" and \"sweet and fine.\" The two other main orange varieties cultivated in the region are the navel orange and the bitter orange; the latter is grown in Iran for its peel. The 'Jaffa' orange is distinguished by its oval shape and thick peel, which is deep orange in color and normally very easy to remove from the fruit. Its tough skin makes it \"especially suitable for export\". As it produces very little juice and has a tendency towards delayed","title":"Jaffa orange"},{"docid":"10480380","text":"late 19th century, when banana peel waste was considered a public hazard in a number of American towns. Although banana peel-slipping jokes date to at least 1854, they became much more popular, beginning in the late-1860s, when the large-scale importation of bananas made them more readily available. Before banana peel jokes came into vogue, orange peels, and sometimes peach skins, or fruit peels/peelings/or skins, generally, were funny, as well as dangerous. Slipping on a banana peel was at one point a real concern with municipal ordinances governing the disposal of the peel. The coefficient of friction of banana peel on","title":"Banana peel"},{"docid":"18726625","text":"the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \"All True Man\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \"All True Man\" single \"All True Man\", \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)"},{"docid":"18726624","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \"All True Man\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \"All True Man\" single \"All True Man\", \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)"},{"docid":"4675735","text":"the \"Billboard\" chart. Peel was rediscovered by John Lennon in 1971 as the early seventies continued its swing towards the youth revolution. Lennon befriended Peel when David was playing with his ragtag hippie band in New York's Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village. Lennon produced \"The Pope Smokes Dope\" for Peel. This album was banned in many countries and since has been sought after by collectors worldwide. Peel appeared with John Lennon at the John Sinclair Freedom Rally in Ann Arbor, Michigan on December 10, 1971. In 1976 the independent labels Orange Records and Auravox Records released \"An Evening With","title":"David Peel (musician)"},{"docid":"206250","text":"closed down on 14 August 1967, John Peel joined the BBC's new pop music station, BBC Radio 1, which began broadcasting the following month. Unlike Big L, Radio 1 was not a full-time station, but a hybrid of recorded music and live studio orchestras. Peel recalled, \"I was one of the first lot on Radio 1 and I think it was mainly because ... Radio 1 had no real idea what they were doing so they had to take people off the pirate ships because there wasn't anybody else.\" Peel presented a programme called \"Top Gear\". At first he was","title":"John Peel"},{"docid":"633124","text":"a tube through the orange peel and forces the juice out through the tube by squeezing the entire orange. Despite the variety of machines used to extract juices, all machines have commonalities in that they are rugged, fast, easy to clean and have the ability to reduce peel extractives into the juice. The extracted juice product does not contain the orange peel, but it may contain pulp and seeds, which are removed by finishers. Finishers have a screw-type design that comprises a conical helical screw enclosed in a cylindrical screen with perforations the size of 0.020 to 0.045 inches. Thereafter,","title":"Orange juice"},{"docid":"7582946","text":"peel of citrus fruits is bitter and generally not eaten raw, but may be used in cooking; although not flammable. In gastronomy, the outermost, colored part of the peel is called the zest, which can be scraped off and used for its tangy flavor. A large piece of citrus peel, called a \"twist\", is often used to garnish cocktails. The fleshy white part of the peel, bitter when raw in most species, is used as succade or is prepared with sugar to make marmalade or fruit soup. The peel can also be candied, or dried to produce a seasoning (e.g.","title":"Peel (fruit)"},{"docid":"6359639","text":"fight back.\" The book was adapted into an Emmy award winning miniseries also called \"The Corner\". Simon served as the show's writer and executive producer. It could also be argued that this book serves as an inspiration for the TV series \"The Wire\". The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood is a 1997 book written by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon and former Baltimore homicide detective Ed Burns. This book follows the lives of individuals who lived on the corner of Fayette Street and Monroe","title":"The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood"},{"docid":"17823634","text":"was astonishing, for she went down coalmines, inspected prisons, reformatories and factories, examined schools and studied diet for the young, in addition to regular journalism and four novels\". The social historian John Burnett called her \"the doyenne of writers on domestic economy\". Constance Peel Constance Dorothy Evelyn Peel (\"née\" Bayliff; 27 April 1868 – 7 August 1934) was an English journalist and writer, known for her non-fiction books on cheap household management and cookery. She wrote with the name Mrs. C. S. Peel, taking the name of her husband, Charles Steers Peel. She is sometimes cited as Dorothy Constance Peel.","title":"Constance Peel"},{"docid":"11056939","text":"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange is the fourth studio album by Omar Rodríguez-López, and the third released in the \"Amsterdam series\". The double LP was released on November 20, 2007. The CD version followed in March 2008. As of December 2010, the clear vinyl edition is out of print; however, the album has been released in Europe too on Willie Anderson Recordings, both on cd and double black vinyl. The album is credited to the Omar Rodriguez Lopez Quintet and features an alternate version of the song \"Jacob van Lennepkade\" (titled \"Jacob van","title":"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange"},{"docid":"13835502","text":"Billy Currie – Keyboards Paul Gardiner – Bass Cedric Sharpley – Drums Gary Numan – Vocals Steve Harris – Guitar Richard Beasley – Drums David Brooks – Bass and Keyboards Ade Orange – Keyboards The Complete John Peel Sessions (Gary Numan album) The Complete John Peel Sessions is a CD collection of the radio sessions recorded by English musician Gary Numan for the Radio One DJ John Peel. It was released in 2007 on the newly formed Maida Vale Records and received generally favourable reviews. It also marked the first time the \"Pure\" session had been made commercially available. The","title":"The Complete John Peel Sessions (Gary Numan album)"},{"docid":"12044648","text":"singer) in '15, Indigo Girls in '17, and Virginia's Jason Mraz in '05. It was opened in 2002 and, in April 2008, was named one of the top five music venues in America by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine. At the end of 2009, the venue opened Pulp, a downstairs members-only liquor bar. Pulp is open every night there is a show, and a live feed is piped in to allow patrons to view and listen to the show occurring upstairs. Pulp is also open various other nights for events featuring local artists and \"Slice of Life\" open-mic comedy nights. The Orange","title":"The Orange Peel"},{"docid":"633117","text":"This is due to different pigmentation in ruby red oranges. The blood orange is a mutant of the sweet orange. The Mandarin orange and varieties clementine and tangerine, are often used for sparkling juice drinks. Recently, many brands of organic orange juices have become available on the market. The processing of orange to frozen concentrated orange juice begins with testing the orange fruit for quality to ensure it is safe for the process. Then the fruit is cleaned and washed thoroughly and orange oil is taken from the peel of the orange. Next, the juice is extracted from the orange","title":"Orange juice"},{"docid":"20808208","text":"loss of surface area and depth of water. Some this had to be reversed to provide for mills powered by the Black Cart Water. In William Roy's map of circa 1747 - 55 the peel is shown on an irregularly shaped ishthmus exytending from the shoreline at Lochside House and the Black Cart Water shows signs of having being canalised. By 1800 the water level had risen again and the peel is shown on an island. In 1856 an embankment had been built around the Aird Meadow which was then under cultivation although subject to flooding in winter. The peel","title":"The Peel of Castle Semple"},{"docid":"7402623","text":"Center peel Center Peel, or simply \"Peel\" for short, is a type of retreat practiced by modern-day infantry. This particular tactic is more specifically designed for situations where smaller groups of infantry withdraw from an engagement of a much larger force. In general terms, it is a sloped or diagonal retreat from the enemy. This tactic was designed with human psychology in mind. It begins with an infantry unit facing off with a larger force of enemies. Once the command is called, the soldiers implement a column facing into the enemy's midst. The soldiers then begin, or continue, to use","title":"Center peel"},{"docid":"17993839","text":"On HTC it is called “SenseTV” or “TV.” As of August 2015 “WatchOn” and “Smart Remote” have been renamed to Peel Smart Remote. Peel completes an average of 30 billion remote control actions per month. The app works in over 200 countries and delivers program guides in 110 countries. Peel, as a utility app, has been appreciated over the years because the app does a great job at providing a Universal Smart Remote and relieves the stress of finding physical remotes all over the house. Peel Universal Smart Remote uses built-in IR hardware on Android smartphone and replaces the regular","title":"Peel Technologies"},{"docid":"15380697","text":"Peel watershed The Peel watershed drains 14% of the Yukon Territory Canada and flows into the Beaufort Sea via the Peel and then Mackenzie Rivers. While the lower part of the Peel River and its confluence with the Mackenzie River are in the North West Territories, most of the watershed, 68,000 km out of 77,000 km is in the Yukon. Six major tributaries and numerous smaller streams feed the Peel. The Yukon portion of the watershed is undergoing land use planning, a process laid out in Chapter 11 of the Yukon Land Claims Agreement and is called the Peel Watershed","title":"Peel watershed"},{"docid":"11056940","text":"Lennepkade II\"), which originally appeared on the album \"Omar Rodriguez\". It also includes a live take of \"Vondelpark Bij Nacht\" in the form of the title track, also from the self-titled record. The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange is the fourth studio album by Omar Rodríguez-López, and the third released in the \"Amsterdam series\". The double LP was released on November 20, 2007. The CD version followed in March 2008. As of December 2010, the clear vinyl edition is out of print; however, the album has been released in Europe too on Willie Anderson","title":"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange"},{"docid":"4295326","text":"remain) by Jean-Paul Mousseau, one of the few artworks to be integrated into the architecture of the original network rather than commissioned later. Created in collaboration with ceramist Claude Vermette, these circles, set in floors and walls throughout the station, are mainly in tones of orange or blue streaked with other colors. A sculpture by Maurice Lemieux entitled \"Enterspace\" stands outside the Peel Nord entrance. The station is named for Peel Street, which in turn was named for Sir Robert Peel, British Prime Minister from 1834 to 1835 and again from 1841 to 1846. He is best known for creating","title":"Peel station (Montreal Metro)"},{"docid":"17993835","text":"Peel Technologies Peel is a startup company based in Campbell, California, USA, that sells a smart TV remote app called Peel Smart Remote for smartphones and tablets. This universal smart remote app primarily turns your smartphone into an all-in-one remote, i.e., allowing you to control appliances like Television, Air-Conditioner, Setup boxes and even gadgets like Roku, and few smart devices as well. Peel has partnered with thousands of cable and direct-to-home networks to give its users access to the schedules of TV. The users can set up their regional cable service provider and view the schedule of all the channels","title":"Peel Technologies"},{"docid":"7582945","text":"flavedo), and together they are called the peel. The flavedo and albedo, respectively, are the exocarp and the mesocarp. The juicy layer inside the peel (containing the seeds) is the endocarp. Depending on the thickness and taste, fruit peel is sometimes eaten as part of the fruit, such as with apples. In some cases the peel is unpleasant or inedible, in which case it is removed and discarded, such as with bananas or grapefruits. The peel of some fruits — for example, pomegranates — is high in tannins and other polyphenols, and is employed in the production of dyes. The","title":"Peel (fruit)"},{"docid":"20112817","text":"copper deficiency and frost than standard Valencia trees, but grow larger, juicier fruit with fewer seeds; the Valencia orange is easier to peel and produces larger yields. Other characteristics of the 'Midknight' Valencia orange include its somewhat oblong shape, good juicing quality, earlier ripening than other Valencias, and its large, broad leaves. The exact origin of the 'Midknight' Valencia orange is unknown, but around 1927 this variety was first noticed, growing among Valencia orange trees in an orchard at Addo, Eastern Cape province, South Africa by Mr. A.P. Knight who the orange was later named after. In years following, more","title":"Midknight Valencia Orange"},{"docid":"5332986","text":"World Cup. On 15 January 2008, it was announced by the Scarlets that Peel would be joining Sale Sharks at the end of the 2007–08 season. Peel joined, on a three-year contract, at the start of the 2008–09 season. New Wales coach Warren Gatland later stated that Peel would be an exception to his desired policy to select players from those playing for Welsh clubs, but on 19 January 2009 it was announced that Peel would not be part of the Welsh squad for the 2009 Six Nations Championship. Peel was subsequently called into the squad, however, as cover for","title":"Dwayne Peel"},{"docid":"10480377","text":"Banana peel A banana peel, also called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. Banana peels are used as food for animals, in water purification, for manufacturing of several biochemical products as well as for jokes and comical situations. There are several methods to remove a peel from a banana. Bananas are a popular fruit consumed worldwide with a yearly production of over 165 million tonnes in 2011. Once the peel is removed, the fruit can be eaten raw or cooked and the peel is generally discarded. Because of this removal of the banana","title":"Banana peel"},{"docid":"4728912","text":"any study of Bobby Peel, the cricketer.\" The story originated in a cricket publication, \"Cricket Quarterly\", in 1968. The historian Rowland Bowen, in an article called \"Fresh Light on the Dismissal of R Peel in 1897\", claimed that an \"aged Yorkshireman of 85\" told him that Peel had urinated and that this was a common practice then. Subsequent research by the historian Irving Rosewater established that Bowen's information came to him second-hand. The 85-year-old had not used the word \"urinated\" but had actually said \"pissed at the wicket\", meaning that Peel was drunk (\"pissed\" being slang for drunk) on the","title":"Bobby Peel"},{"docid":"17993838","text":"to promote their programming to consumers, who can use the app to tune into shows, record programming or get viewing reminders. Peel has raised more than 100 million dollars over the years from some prominent investors. According to the company, Peel Smart Remote App is compatible with 98 percent of all consumer electronics, including 3,500 TV brands and 600 set top box types. Peel can be downloaded as an iOS or Android app. It is integrated with Samsung and HTC devices for delivery to device purchasers as a preloaded app. On Samsung devices it is called “WatchOn” or “Smart Remote.”","title":"Peel Technologies"},{"docid":"18951536","text":"That's What Life Is All About (album) The songs from the album were included on a 3-CD set called \"Bing Crosby: The Complete United Artists Sessions\" issued by EMI Records (7243 59808 2 4) in 1997. This included several previously unreleased alternate takes and studio chat. In January 1974, Crosby was seriously ill and after two weeks of tests, he underwent three and a half hours of major surgery. Two-fifths of his left lung and an abscess the size of a small orange were removed. The tumor was a rare fungus called nocardia. There were concerns initially that he would","title":"That's What Life Is All About (album)"},{"docid":"7375477","text":"to the Peel Airports portfolio was Durham Tees Valley Airport, with a 75% stake being bought in 2003 - ownership of the remaining 25% of DTVA was retained by several local councils. Results were mixed, and the Peel Group began looking for an outside investor for Peel Airports. In June 2010 it was announced that Vantage Airport Group (formerly Vancouver Airport Services) had bought a 65% shareholding in Peel Airports, while the Peel Group retained the remaining 35%. The new management team at Peel Airports quickly began disposing of assets, selling them back to the Peel Group. First to go","title":"The Peel Group"},{"docid":"206276","text":"Head in the UK with \"(And The) Pictures In The Sky\" and Beau in Lebanon with \"1917 Revolution.\" Having had an affinity with the Manchester area from working in a cotton mill in Rochdale in 1959 Peel signed Manchester bands Stack Waddy and Tractor to Dandelion and was always supportive of both bands throughout his life. It is alleged that Peel spotted a Rochdale postmark on the envelope containing the tape sent to him by Tractor, then called \"The Way We Live\". As Peel stated: It was never a success financially. In fact, we lost money, if I remember correctly,","title":"John Peel"},{"docid":"16157434","text":"of 8.24 out of 10 . The site's critical consensus is \"\"Orange Is the New Black\" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.\" Hank Stuever, television critic for \"The Washington Post\", gave \"Orange Is the New Black\" a perfect score. In his review of the series, he stated: \"In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, \"Orange Is the New Black\", prison is still the pits. But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life","title":"Orange Is the New Black"},{"docid":"3009232","text":"Dickson noted that \"Peel seeks to ignore controversies completely by confining discussions of conflicting evidence and questions of reliability to his notes.\" Gillian Gill called Peel \"Mrs. Eddy's most brilliant, informed and judicious biographer.\" Caroline Fraser wrote that he was \"an apologist for Eddy's more eccentric characteristics.\" William E. Phipps a Professor of Religion and Philosophy described Peel as an \"Eddy apologist\". Robert Peel (Christian Science) Robert Peel (May 6, 1909 – January 8, 1992) was a Christian Science historian and writer on religious and ecumenical topics. A Christian Scientist for over 70 years, Peel worked for the Church of","title":"Robert Peel (Christian Science)"},{"docid":"16157446","text":"most-watched original series. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"Orange Is the New Black\" is one of the shows most watched in urban areas, and despite its \"minority-rich ensemble cast,\" the series \"appeals more to a white audience.\" Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by","title":"Orange Is the New Black"},{"docid":"14487104","text":"would like to have connected the defence line with the defence line along the Albert Canal in Belgium. But the Belgian army wanted a new defenceline (the \"Orange Line (Dutch Oranjelinie)\" along the line Tilburg-Waalwijk and the Bergsche Maas. Because of this, the defence line was vulnerable and the enemy could go around the defence line crossing into Belgium soil. The Peel-Raam Line is, for most part, intact; the northern part, in particular. The stretch between Griendtsveen and De Peel Air Base and the spot nearby Mill features several visible remains. The fortifications and casemates in the municipalities of Deurne,","title":"Peel-Raam Line"},{"docid":"16760339","text":"Arthur Peel (diplomat) Sir Arthur Robert Peel (15 August 1861 – 7 October 1952) was a British diplomat who was envoy to Thailand, Brazil and Bulgaria. Arthur Robert Peel (grandson of William Yates Peel) was educated at Eton College and entered the Diplomatic Service as an attaché in 1886. He served in St Petersburg, Washington, D.C., Buenos Aires, The Hague, Lisbon and Montevideo, and was consul-general for the island of Crete, before being appointed Minister to Thailand (then called Siam) 1909–15, to Brazil 1915–18 and (after a year in London) to Bulgaria 1920–21. Peel was awarded a knighthood (KCMG) in","title":"Arthur Peel (diplomat)"},{"docid":"789844","text":"century, they organised what they called the Orange Free State. In the United States, the flag of the City of New York has an orange stripe, to remember the Dutch colonists who founded the city. William of Orange is also remembered as the founder of the College of William & Mary, and Nassau County in New York is named after the House of Orange-Nassau. In the 18th century orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of Pomona, the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the \"pomon\", the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in","title":"Orange (colour)"},{"docid":"633125","text":"the finished orange juice flows through blending tanks where the juice is tested for acid and soluble solids. At this stage, sugar can be added to the juice depending on if the product will be a sweetened or unsweetened beverage. Following blending, the orange juice is deaerated where the air is incorporated into the juice during extraction. The benefits of deaeration include the elimination of foaming, which improves the uniformity of can fill and improvement regarding the efficiency of the heat exchanger. Orange peel oil is essential for maximum flavor, but according to U.S. standards for Grades of Canned Orange","title":"Orange juice"},{"docid":"3201373","text":"located on Piel Island, to the east across the Irish Sea. This particularly occurs in reference to the William Wordsworth poem describing Piel, spelling its name as 'Peele': especially as Wordsworth is documented as having visited Peel Castle, and wrote several times about the Isle of Man. Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian Avalon. The cathedral ruins located within the walls of Peel Castle are those of the former Cathedral of St German. Like the structures throughout the castle grounds, the cathedral's roof is completely missing. Robert Anderson examined the ruins to determine what","title":"Peel Castle"},{"docid":"16157417","text":"Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the","title":"Orange Is the New Black"},{"docid":"8260673","text":"young man with Down syndrome whose principal interests are snails, salt, a pipe, and how to get home, who is tormented by a hubristic, racist inner psyche. The film had received a 56% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes What Is It? What Is It? is a 2005 American surrealist film written, edited, co-produced and directed by Crispin Glover. It stars Crispin Glover and Fairuza Balk and Steven C. Stewart. As of 2008, the film has only been shown at independent theaters, typically accompanied by a question-and-answer session, a one-hour dramatic narration of eight different profusely illustrated books as a slideshow,","title":"What Is It?"},{"docid":"20808212","text":"the remnants of a newel or sprial stair leading to the upper floor. As states the peel tower was built on an islet in the loch as shown by old maps however extensive drainage reduced the size and depth of the loch and the creation of Airds Meadow involved the formation of an embankment that joins the islet to the shore on the Lochside House side. In Scot's 'Aird' refers to a piece of ground as opposed to a body of water such as in Airds Moss, etc.. The Peel of Castle Semple The ruins of The Peel of Castle","title":"The Peel of Castle Semple"},{"docid":"9229788","text":"with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on \"Marvel\" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", requested a satire of the \"Playboy\" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might \"really\" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection \"Nightfall and Other Stories\" he retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"13054442","text":"in Toronto Township. Elliott was a member of the local Orange Lodge. William Elliott (Peel MP) William Elliott (April 21, 1837 – March 2, 1888) was a farmer, merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Peel in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1882 as a Conservative member. He was born in Toronto Township, Upper Canada, the son of William Elliott and Frances Hamilton, Irish immigrants. He married Ann Jane Jackson in 1863. Elliott served as deputy reeve and reeve for Toronto Township. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the same seat in the House","title":"William Elliott (Peel MP)"},{"docid":"13501847","text":"Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel Arthur William Ashton Peel, 2nd Earl Peel (29 May 1901 – 22 September 1969), styled Viscount Clanfield from 1929 to 1937, was a British peer. Peel was the son of William Peel, 1st Earl Peel, by the Honourable Eleanor \"Ella\" Williamson, daughter of James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton. He was a great-grandson of Prime Minister Robert Peel. He became known by the courtesy title Viscount Clanfield when his father was elevated to an earldom in 1929. In 1937 he succeeded in the earldom on the death of his father. He succeeded to the family baronetcy","title":"Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel"},{"docid":"2309379","text":"liqueurs. Once a year, oranges of this variety are collected from trees in Seville and shipped to Britain to be used in marmalade. However, the fruit is rarely consumed locally in Andalusia. The Seville orange—when preserved in sugar — is the principal ingredient in traditional British marmalade, reflecting the historic Atlantic trading relationship with Portugal and Spain: the earliest recipe for 'marmelat of oranges' dating from 1677. The peel can be used in the production of bitters. The unripe fruit, called \"narthangai\", is commonly used in Southern Indian cuisine, especially in Tamil cuisine. It is pickled by cutting it into","title":"Bitter orange"},{"docid":"1500245","text":"derelict while others have been converted for use in peacetime. Embleton Tower is now part of the (former) vicarage and that on the Inner Farne is a home to bird wardens. The most obvious conversion needs will include access, which was originally difficult, and the provision of more and larger windows. A peel tower in Hellifield, North Yorkshire featured in an episode of \"Grand Designs\" showing the conversion from a derelict state to a home and a bed-and-breakfast business. Darnick Tower stands just outside Melrose and is still habitable. It was built in 1425 by the Heiton family from Normandy,","title":"Peel tower"},{"docid":"9176151","text":"qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below. At right is the color \"orange\", also known as \"color wheel orange\". This is the tone of orange that is a pure chroma on the HSV color wheel, the expression of which is known as the , exactly halfway between red and yellow. The complementary color of orange is azure. At right is the web color called \"orange\". It is defined in CSS","title":"Shades of orange"},{"docid":"15293436","text":"Inner Circle (parody group) The Inner Circle is an American parody group made up of seasoned reporters, bloggers, web journalists, and television and radio personalities. It hosts an event every year in March at the New York Hilton, and each year the show has a different theme. There is a strict \"No Professional Talent\" rule. The Inner Circle was established in 1922 by New York City newspaper reporters covering City Hall. The organization is a successor to Amen Corner and the Association of City Hall Reporters, two groups of reporters who would parody local politicians at what were called \"stunt","title":"Inner Circle (parody group)"},{"docid":"11543620","text":"\"The Terrace\" extending east west on which can be found a number of statues. One such is a statue of Sir Robert Peel made in 1855 and dressed in a mid 19th century frock coat and mounted on a cylindrical ashlar sandstone plinth. The Peel statue was the first public statue erected in Bradford and was originally located in what was Peel Place on Leeds Road, but re-erected post 1926 in Peel Park after Kassapian's Warehouse on Leeds Road was demolished. The sculptor was W. Behnes and the statue was cast in lead by the Robinson Scott Company of Pimlico.","title":"Peel Park, Bradford"},{"docid":"17993840","text":"remote which would otherwise be used. After setting up the app, the phone just needs to be pointed at the device and thus control it by tapping the on-screen remote. For phones without the IR hardware, Peel uses WiFi to discover and control devices. One can connect to devices in the same WiFi network and control devices such as TVs, music systems and streaming players, ACs and Cameras right from their phone. Peel Technologies Peel is a startup company based in Campbell, California, USA, that sells a smart TV remote app called Peel Smart Remote for smartphones and tablets. This","title":"Peel Technologies"},{"docid":"4728869","text":"The first English cricketer to reach 100 wickets against Australia, in 1894–95 he also became the first player to fail to score in four successive Test innings. As a player, Peel was very popular and admirers often entertained him socially; he became well known for liking alcohol. On the morning of the match that England won after following on, Peel was intoxicated and had to be sobered up. In 1897, he was suspended by Yorkshire for drunkenness during a match. Although it is unclear what exactly happened—Peel said he slipped when fielding, but Hirst later recalled that he came on","title":"Bobby Peel"},{"docid":"20808202","text":"of \"\"..not sparand to sla auld men of fowr skoir yeris off age, lyand decreppit in their beddis.\"\". Although called to appear in front of the Justice-General to account for these actions he instead set about strenthening the garrison and the defences of Castle Semple and had also \"\"..off new fortit ane hows within an ile in the loch of Lochquhinyeoch.\"\" This new tower house or peel, built on a rocky island in the loch opposite Lochwinnoch church, is the ruinous fortification that now stands connected via the curved embankment to the Lochside House or eastern side of the shore","title":"The Peel of Castle Semple"},{"docid":"2409073","text":"employment to hundreds more. However, with what is now seen as over-fishing, the number of boats leaving for Ireland dwindled from 300 in 1880 to a handful by 1915. After the railway arrived in Peel in 1873, Peel started to develop as a tourist resort, with guest houses and hotels built along the shoreline and headlands, and then the promenade was added. Tourism gradually grew in the town. During World War I Knockaloe Farm, at Patrick to the south of the town, was made into the Knockaloe internment camp and housed up to 30,000 German, Austrian and Turkish civilians. In","title":"Peel, Isle of Man"},{"docid":"8222997","text":"William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel William James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel, (born 3 October 1947), styled Viscount Clanfield until 1969, was a Conservative peer from 15 May 1973 until October 2006 when, on his appointment as Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, he became a crossbench (non-party) member of the House of Lords. Lord Peel is the eldest son of Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel, and Kathleen McGrath, daughter of Michael McGrath. He is a great-great-grandson of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. He attended Ampleforth College, and then went on to the University of Tours in France and the","title":"William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel"},{"docid":"4551831","text":"The 'Thermal Tarocco' was donated by A. Newcomb of Thermal Plaza Nursery in Thermal, California. The 'Sanguinello' , also called 'Sanguinelli' in the US (the plural form of its name in Italian), discovered in Spain in 1929, has a reddish skin, few seeds, and a sweet and tender flesh. 'Sanguinello', the Sicilian late \"full-blood\" orange, is close in characteristics to the 'Moro'. Where grown in the Northern Hemisphere, it matures in February, but can remain on trees unharvested until April. Fruit can last until the end of May. The peel is compact, and clear yellow with a red tinge. The","title":"Blood orange"},{"docid":"11364437","text":"tracks Two of these are covers of Wire's \"Too Late\" and Gang of Four's \"I Found That Essence Rare\" and were never on any Band of Susans album released on Blast First or Restless Records. Adapted from \"The Peel Session\" liner notes. The Peel Sessions (Band of Susans album) The Peel Sessions is an EP by Band of Susans, recorded in 1988 and 1989 from sessions with John Peel but not released until 1992. The first four tracks feature the same line-up as \"Love Agenda\" (with the latterly relatively famous Page Hamilton as one of the guitarists) but the latter","title":"The Peel Sessions (Band of Susans album)"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"3996367","text":"ZF or KP) as well. It was proved by Kurt Gödel that any model of ZF has a least inner model of ZF (which is also an inner model of ZFC + GCH), called the constructible universe, or \"L\". There is a branch of set theory called inner model theory that studies ways of constructing least inner models of theories extending ZF. Inner model theory has led to the discovery of the exact consistency strength of many important set theoretical properties. Inner model In set theory, a branch of mathematical logic, an inner model for a theory \"T\" is a","title":"Inner model"},{"docid":"2409079","text":"Races (July), and Peel Carnival. Kippers have been produced in Peel since at least the 19th century. Two kipper houses remain: Moore's Kipper Yard (established 1884) which provides tours of the factory demonstrating the preparation and smoking processes, and Devereau's (also established 1884). Peel Centenary Centre () is an arts and community centre based at the Centenary Hall. It runs a programme of films, live concerts (local, British, and international acts), and other community events. Peel railway station opened on 1 July 1873, beside the harbour, as the western terminus of the Isle of Man Railway's Douglas to Peel line.","title":"Peel, Isle of Man"},{"docid":"556609","text":"in 1837, and many of the higher posts in Victoria's household were held by the wives and female relatives of Whigs; there was some feeling that Victoria had allowed herself to be too closely associated with the Whig party. Peel therefore asked that some of this entourage be dismissed and replaced with their Conservative counterparts, provoking the so-called Bedchamber Crisis. Victoria refused to change her household, and despite pleadings from the Duke of Wellington, relied on assurances of support from Whig leaders. Peel refused to form a government, and the Whigs returned to power. Peel came to office during an","title":"Robert Peel"},{"docid":"2409069","text":"build the castle and other important buildings. As it is in the west, it is also called the \"sunset city\". Peel is a popular seaside destination for Manx residents and visitors in summer. It has narrow streets of fishermen's cottages and a Victorian promenade which was built on reclaimed land and a small construction line built for this purpose, as well as sandy beaches. For many years the main industries in the town were fishing, trading and shipbuilding. There is evidence of local settlers in the Mesolithic Age on both St Patrick's Isle and the nearby Peel Hill, and Neolithic","title":"Peel, Isle of Man"},{"docid":"7718965","text":"a single mutation in a Selecta orange tree planted on the grounds of a monastery near Bahia, Brazil, probably yielded the first navel orange between 1810 and 1820. Nevertheless, a researcher at the University of California, Riverside, has suggested that the parent variety was more likely the Portuguese navel orange (\"Umbigo\"), described by Antoine Risso and Pierre Antoine Poiteau in their book \"Histoire naturelle des orangers\" (\"Natural History of Orange Trees\", 1818–1822). The mutation caused the orange to develop a second fruit at its base, opposite the stem, embedded within the peel of the primary orange. Navel oranges were introduced","title":"Orange (fruit)"},{"docid":"12745425","text":"Yard 10 in the space between what is now New Washington Street and the Lowell Line. By the mid-1950s, a new regional expressway called the Inner Belt was planned that would bisect the site between the older industrial buildings on Washington Street and the new industrial buildings on the former Yard 10 land. Called the Inner Belt Expressway, it would have connected I-93 on the east with Massachusetts Route 2 in the west following the path of the Fitchburg Railroad through Porter Square. After years of protest and community organizing, plans for the Inner Belt Expressway were withdrawn and the","title":"Inner Belt District"},{"docid":"1585786","text":"Mandarin orange The mandarin orange (\"Citrus reticulata\"), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white","title":"Mandarin orange"},{"docid":"198279","text":"scalar product) to vector spaces of any (possibly infinite) dimension, and are studied in functional analysis. The first usage of the concept of a vector space with an inner product is due to Peano, in 1898. An inner product naturally induces an associated norm, thus an inner product space is also a normed vector space. A complete space with an inner product is called a Hilbert space. An (incomplete) space with an inner product is called a pre-Hilbert space, since its completion with respect to the norm induced by the inner product is a Hilbert space. Inner product spaces over","title":"Inner product space"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7407531\",\n \"text\": \"Orange peel (effect) Orange peel is a certain kind of finish that may develop on painted and cast surfaces, even screen protectors. The texture resembles the surface of the skin of an orange. Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry into a smooth surface. However, various factors can cause it to dry into a bumpy surface resembling the texture of an orange peel. The orange peel phenomenon can then be smoothed out with ultra-fine sandpaper, but it can be prevented altogether by changing the painting technique or the materials used.\",\n \"title\": \"Orange peel (effect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7407538\",\n \"text\": \"positioning errors related to this translation are therefore avoided. Orange peel (effect) Orange peel is a certain kind of finish that may develop on painted and cast surfaces, even screen protectors. The texture resembles the surface of the skin of an orange. Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry into a smooth surface. However, various factors can cause it to dry into a bumpy surface resembling the texture of an orange peel. The orange peel phenomenon can then be smoothed out with ultra-fine sandpaper, but it can be prevented altogether\",\n \"title\": \"Orange peel (effect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6355897\",\n \"text\": \"Orange Peel (horse) Orange Peel was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses. Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924-1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree. One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange, the sire of Ibrahim, Jus\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (horse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6355898\",\n \"text\": \"de Pomme, and Plein d'Espoirs. Orange Peel (horse) Orange Peel was a Thoroughbred stallion that had a significant influence on the breeding of sport horses. Orange Peel has had a great influence on the breeding of show jumpers. Orange Peel sired 19 sons from 1924-1940, and his descendants are very successful today, with 26 of the top 100 show jumping sires of 1990 having him in their pedigree. One of Orange Peel's greatest descendants was his grandson, the Anglo-Norman Ibrahim, who produced such great sires as Quastor (1960) and Almé Z (1966). Sons of Orange Peel include The Last Orange,\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (horse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7407532\",\n \"text\": \"Orange peel is typically the result of improper painting technique, and is caused by the quick evaporation of thinner, incorrect spray gun setup (e.g., low air pressure or incorrect nozzle), spraying the paint at an angle other than perpendicular, or applying excessive paint. In some situations, such as interior house paint, the orange peel texture is desirable. In this case, a texture paint is generally applied with a spray gun. The texture is then painted over with the appropriate color. When painting walls, orange peel can also develop by using a roller with too little paint or too thick a\",\n \"title\": \"Orange peel (effect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12044645\",\n \"text\": \"The Orange Peel The Orange Peel is a music venue located in downtown Asheville, North Carolina. It has a capacity of 1,050 people and has hosted many well known acts, including 311, Modest Mouse, Tegan and Sara, Black Label Society, Umphrey's McGee in '03, Bob Dylan in '04, Chevelle in '05, Smashing Pumpkins (residency in '07), the Beastie Boys in '09, The Black Keys, Lauryn Hill in '17, Ice Cube, Skrillex, Deadmau5, Bassnectar, Pretty Lights, The Glitch Mob, Wax Tailor, Medeski, Martin, and Wood, Queens of the Stone Age in '07, Mastodon in '11, Breaking Benjamin in '17, Megadeth, GWAR\",\n \"title\": \"The Orange Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7407533\",\n \"text\": \"paint and the surface dries before the texture can level. The instruments used to measure orange peel simulate visual perception. Like our eyes, the instruments optically scan the wavy light/dark pattern. Two types of instruments are available to quantify the texture or waviness of a surface: Orange peel meter The orange peel meter uses a laser point light source to illuminate the specimen at a 60° angle and uses a detector to measure the reflected light intensity at the equal but opposite angle. The instrument is rolled across the surface and measures point by point the optical profile of the\",\n \"title\": \"Orange peel (effect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5672972\",\n \"text\": \"Orange Peel (event) In 1995, a group of students, faculty and alumni from Oklahoma State University traveled to the University of Florida to witness its annual pep rally known as the Gator Growl,\\\" which would become the inspiration for Oklahoma State's \\\"Orange Peel\\\" event. A month after witnessing the Gator Growl, student leaders were selected and the planning and preparation for the first Orange Peel began. When creators contemplated on a name they decided to get away from OSU's longstanding cowboy theme and establish a unique school identity. So to honor Oklahoma State University's primary color the rally became known\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (event)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5672975\",\n \"text\": \"Cancelation has been attributed to the financial insolvency of past events and outstanding debt owed by the University Student Government Association to the University Student Union (Allegedly $300,000). Multiple attempts by student leaders to \\\"bring back Orange Peel\\\" have been dismissed by school administrators as recently as 2013. It is widely believed that the administration has little interest in brokering a payment workout given their long standing campaign to discourage events which might encourage the consumption of alcohol. Orange Peel (event) In 1995, a group of students, faculty and alumni from Oklahoma State University traveled to the University of Florida\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (event)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1585789\",\n \"text\": \"the same flower) or parthenocarpic (not needing pollination and therefore seedless, such as the satsuma). Mandarin orange fruits are small (4 to 8 cm). Their color is orange, orange-yellow, or orange-red. Their shape is spherical or oblate (flattened at the poles). The skin is thin and peels off easily. Their easiness to peel is an important advantage of mandarin oranges over other citrus fruits that all are more difficult to peel. Just like with other citrus fruits, the endocarp (inner flesh) is separated into segments, which in their turn consist of a large number of elongated cells. The fruits may\",\n \"title\": \"Mandarin orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5672974\",\n \"text\": \"Alan Jackson, Jason Mraz, Lit, Pablo Francisco, Incubus, Sinbad, Barenaked Ladies, Better Than Ezra, Vanessa Carlton, Third Eye Blind, Goo Goo Dolls, Blues Traveler, David Spade, Jeff Foxworthy, Bill Cosby, Damon Wayans, Randy Travis and Ben Folds. In 2006, country superstar Alan Jackson, comedian Bill Engvall, and The Hero Factor performed. Orange Peel of 2008 was held at the Gallagher Iba Arena on October 3, 2008, and featured Sugarland, Motion City Soundtrack, Kellie Pickler and Ashton Shepherd. The 2009 event featured Jimmy Fallon and Jason Aldean. As of August 1, Orange Peel for the 2007-2008 school year has been canceled.\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (event)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12044646\",\n \"text\": \"(from VA), Lamb of God (from VA), Decapitated, Silversun Pickups in '16, The Dirty Heads in '18, and The Struts (from the UK) in '18. It was also a host venue for the annual Moogfest electronic music festival, which showcases the latest and greatest in electronic music. The Orange Peel has also hosted Asheville's Warren Haynes in '13 for the Christmas Pre-Jam, Asheville's Chase Rice in '17, Rainbow Kitten Surprise (from Boone) in '18, Ben Folds (from Winston-Salem/Chapel Hill) in '09, Daughtry (from NC) in '08, Southern Culture on the Skids in '02, Ben Taylor (son of James Taylor) Band\",\n \"title\": \"The Orange Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5672973\",\n \"text\": \"as \\\"Orange Peel\\\". After deciding on the pep rally name, the students decided to let the campus submit ideas for a mascot. From this contest, the mascot \\\"Pulp\\\" was born. He was to be an orange wearing a cowboy hat and boots. With a mascot and a name, the team forged ahead developing a mission statement and a set of goals. The mission was simple and ambitious: \\\"To become the largest student-produced concert event in the country and provide the OSU family with national and local headlining entertainment.\\\" Within a few years, the event has attracted such big-name entertainers as\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Peel (event)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4123365\",\n \"text\": \"William Peel, 1st Earl Peel William Robert Wellesley Peel, 1st Earl Peel, (7 January 1867 – 28 September 1937), known as The Viscount Peel from 1912 to 1929, was a British politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley Peel, 1st Viscount Peel and Adelaide Dugdale, Peel was born in London in 1867. His father was the fifth and youngest son of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. He was educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was secretary of the Oxford Union. In 1893, he was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, and practised as a barrister\",\n \"title\": \"William Peel, 1st Earl Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9176157\",\n \"text\": \"peel\\\" (the actual color of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul. Orange peel is the color halfway between orange (color wheel) and amber on the color wheel. The first recorded use of \\\"orange peel\\\" as a color name in English was in 1839. The first recorded use of \\\"Princeton orange\\\" as a color name in English was in 1928. The color symbolizes Princeton University and is defined as Pantone 158. The equivalent RGB values vary among sources. One such color, closely matching that used on the defining pages at Princeton, is shown at\",\n \"title\": \"Shades of orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10480382\",\n \"text\": \"known as the \\\"monkey method\\\", since it is how monkeys are said to peel bananas. When the tip of a banana is pinched with two fingers, it will split and the peel comes off in two clean sections. The inner fibres, or \\\"strings\\\", between the fruit and the peel will remain attached to the peel and the stem of the banana can be used as a handle when eating the banana. Banana peel A banana peel, also called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. Banana peels are used as food for animals, in\",\n \"title\": \"Banana peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14874059\",\n \"text\": \"the guardianship of Historic Scotland, and is protected as a scheduled monument. It is considered to be of national importance as \\\"a good surviving example of an earthwork castle with water-filled outer defences.\\\" Peel of Lumphanan The Peel of Lumphanan, also known as the Peel Ring or Peel Bog of Lumphanan, is a defensive structure dating back to the 13th century. It is located near Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. The peel comprises a mound or motte, surrounded by two concentric ditches separated by a bank. The outer earth bank is about high, the inner ditch or moat is across,\",\n \"title\": \"Peel of Lumphanan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7582947\",\n \"text\": \"chenpi). Fruit allergies make up about ten percent of all food related allergies. Peel (fruit) Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because of their hardness. A fruit with a thick peel, such as a citrus fruit, is called a hesperidium. In hesperidia, the inner layer (also called \\\"albedo\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Peel (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7407534\",\n \"text\": \"surface across a defined distance. The instruments analyse the structures according to their size. In order to simulate the human eye's resolution at various distances, the measurement signal is divided into several ranges using mathematical filter functions: Simplified Measurement Diagram Structures smaller than 0.1 mm also influence visual perception, therefore the instruments use a CCD camera to measure the diffused light caused by these fine structures. This parameter is referred to as \\\"dullness\\\". The values of dullness and Wa to We form a \\\"structure spectrum\\\". This allows a detailed analysis of orange peel and its influencing factors, being material or\",\n \"title\": \"Orange peel (effect)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14874056\",\n \"text\": \"Peel of Lumphanan The Peel of Lumphanan, also known as the Peel Ring or Peel Bog of Lumphanan, is a defensive structure dating back to the 13th century. It is located near Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland. The peel comprises a mound or motte, surrounded by two concentric ditches separated by a bank. The outer earth bank is about high, the inner ditch or moat is across, and the central mound measures . The outer ditch was described as shallow in 1960, and is now difficult to discern. On the top of the mound are the remains of a thick\",\n \"title\": \"Peel of Lumphanan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4434716\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \\\"What Is This Thing Called\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229790\",\n \"text\": \"other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", as a satire of an article in \\\"Playboy\\\" called \\\"Girls of the Slime God\\\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but Asimov later retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229786\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", as a satire of an article in \\\"Playboy\\\" called \\\"Girls of the Slime God\\\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but Asimov later retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" According to Asimov, in \\\"1938-39 ... for some half a\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2156323\",\n \"text\": \"Regional Municipality of Peel The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon. The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is in Brampton. With a population of 1,296,814 (2011 census), Peel Region is the second-largest municipality in Ontario after Toronto. Its growth can be credited largely to immigration and its\",\n \"title\": \"Regional Municipality of Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4386201\",\n \"text\": \"in China.\\\" Orange chicken has also entered the menus of the mainstream U.S. by being served in school cafeterias, and in military bases chow halls, and also found in the supermarket frozen meal aisle. In most countries in the western hemisphere, the names \\\"orange chicken\\\", \\\"orange chicken peel\\\", \\\"orange flavoured chicken\\\", and \\\"tangerine chicken\\\" are typically used for this particular dish. In Chinese, this dish is known as \\\"橙花雞\\\", literally \\\"(Fresh) Orange peel chicken\\\". The dish also has a variation known as \\\"陳皮雞\\\", literally \\\"Dried Citrus peel chicken\\\", referring to dried orange or tangerine peel, which is used in traditional\",\n \"title\": \"Orange chicken\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4434718\",\n \"text\": \"forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as \\\"Hot House\\\" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2156332\",\n \"text\": \"Punjabi is the mother tongue of 8.92% of the population, followed by Urdu (3.84%), Polish (2.68%), Portuguese (2.29%), Tagalog (2.24%), Italian (2.09%), Spanish (2.08%), Arabic (1.96%), and Hindi (1.50%). Regional Municipality of Peel The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon. The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is\",\n \"title\": \"Regional Municipality of Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2309380\",\n \"text\": \"spirals and stuffing it with salt. The pickle is usually consumed with yoghurt rice called \\\"thayir sadam\\\". The fresh fruit is also used frequently in \\\"pachadis\\\". The Belgian \\\"Witbier\\\" (white beer) is made from wheat beer spiced with the peel of the bitter orange. The Finnish and Swedish use bitter orange peel in gingerbread (\\\"pepparkakor\\\"), some Christmas bread and in \\\"mämmi\\\". It is also used in the Nordic \\\"glögi\\\". In Greece and Cyprus, the \\\"nerántzi\\\" or \\\"kitrómilon\\\", respectively, is one of the most prized fruits used for spoon sweets, and the \\\"C. aurantium\\\" tree (\\\"nerantziá\\\" or \\\"kitromiliá\\\") is a popular\",\n \"title\": \"Bitter orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"556602\",\n \"text\": \"in the Anglican Church and penalised both nonconformists and Catholics. They were no longer enforced but were a matter of humiliation. Peel at first opposed the repeal but reversed himself and led the repeal, after consultation with Anglican Church leaders. In future religious issues he made it a point to consult with church leaders from the major denominations. Canning favoured Catholic Emancipation, while Peel had been one of its most outspoken opponents (earning the nickname \\\"Orange Peel\\\", with Orange the colour of the anti-Catholic Irish Unionists). George Canning himself died less than four months later and, after the brief premiership\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4386202\",\n \"text\": \"Chinese medicine as well as cooking. For restaurants outside of Asia, fresh orange peel is often used instead, or even no peel at all. Orange chicken Orange chicken () is a Chinese dish of Hunan origin. The variety of orange chicken most commonly found at North American Chinese restaurants consists of chopped, battered and fried chicken pieces coated in a sweet orange-flavored chili sauce, which thickens or caramelizes to a glaze. While the dish is very popular in the United States, it is most often found as a variation of General Tso's chicken in North America rather than the dish\",\n \"title\": \"Orange chicken\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9176156\",\n \"text\": \"Tea Rose (color sample #26) Note that the Pantone colors known as \\\"Tea Rose\\\" (16-1620 TCX, TPX, and TPG) are more pinkish in hue than ISCC-NBS color of the same name. \\\"Carrot orange\\\" is a tint of orange that is a representation of the color of the raw carrot vegetable. The first recorded use of \\\"carrot orange\\\" as a color name in English was in 1684. Displayed at right is the color \\\"orange peel\\\". A discussion of the difference between the color \\\"orange\\\" (the color halfway between red and yellow, shown below as \\\"color wheel orange\\\") and the color \\\"orange\",\n \"title\": \"Shades of orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4063397\",\n \"text\": \"Jordan and Turkey. 'Jaffa' oranges, also known as \\\"shamouti\\\", are practically seedless, with a flavour that has been described as \\\"excellent\\\" and \\\"sweet and fine.\\\" The two other main orange varieties cultivated in the region are the navel orange and the bitter orange; the latter is grown in Iran for its peel. The 'Jaffa' orange is distinguished by its oval shape and thick peel, which is deep orange in color and normally very easy to remove from the fruit. Its tough skin makes it \\\"especially suitable for export\\\". As it produces very little juice and has a tendency towards delayed\",\n \"title\": \"Jaffa orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10480380\",\n \"text\": \"late 19th century, when banana peel waste was considered a public hazard in a number of American towns. Although banana peel-slipping jokes date to at least 1854, they became much more popular, beginning in the late-1860s, when the large-scale importation of bananas made them more readily available. Before banana peel jokes came into vogue, orange peels, and sometimes peach skins, or fruit peels/peelings/or skins, generally, were funny, as well as dangerous. Slipping on a banana peel was at one point a real concern with municipal ordinances governing the disposal of the peel. The coefficient of friction of banana peel on\",\n \"title\": \"Banana peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18726625\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \\\"All True Man\\\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \\\"All True Man\\\" single \\\"All True Man\\\", \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18726624\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \\\"All True Man\\\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \\\"All True Man\\\" single \\\"All True Man\\\", \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4675735\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Billboard\\\" chart. Peel was rediscovered by John Lennon in 1971 as the early seventies continued its swing towards the youth revolution. Lennon befriended Peel when David was playing with his ragtag hippie band in New York's Washington Square Park in Greenwich Village. Lennon produced \\\"The Pope Smokes Dope\\\" for Peel. This album was banned in many countries and since has been sought after by collectors worldwide. Peel appeared with John Lennon at the John Sinclair Freedom Rally in Ann Arbor, Michigan on December 10, 1971. In 1976 the independent labels Orange Records and Auravox Records released \\\"An Evening With\",\n \"title\": \"David Peel (musician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"206250\",\n \"text\": \"closed down on 14 August 1967, John Peel joined the BBC's new pop music station, BBC Radio 1, which began broadcasting the following month. Unlike Big L, Radio 1 was not a full-time station, but a hybrid of recorded music and live studio orchestras. Peel recalled, \\\"I was one of the first lot on Radio 1 and I think it was mainly because ... Radio 1 had no real idea what they were doing so they had to take people off the pirate ships because there wasn't anybody else.\\\" Peel presented a programme called \\\"Top Gear\\\". At first he was\",\n \"title\": \"John Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"633124\",\n \"text\": \"a tube through the orange peel and forces the juice out through the tube by squeezing the entire orange. Despite the variety of machines used to extract juices, all machines have commonalities in that they are rugged, fast, easy to clean and have the ability to reduce peel extractives into the juice. The extracted juice product does not contain the orange peel, but it may contain pulp and seeds, which are removed by finishers. Finishers have a screw-type design that comprises a conical helical screw enclosed in a cylindrical screen with perforations the size of 0.020 to 0.045 inches. Thereafter,\",\n \"title\": \"Orange juice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7582946\",\n \"text\": \"peel of citrus fruits is bitter and generally not eaten raw, but may be used in cooking; although not flammable. In gastronomy, the outermost, colored part of the peel is called the zest, which can be scraped off and used for its tangy flavor. A large piece of citrus peel, called a \\\"twist\\\", is often used to garnish cocktails. The fleshy white part of the peel, bitter when raw in most species, is used as succade or is prepared with sugar to make marmalade or fruit soup. The peel can also be candied, or dried to produce a seasoning (e.g.\",\n \"title\": \"Peel (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6359639\",\n \"text\": \"fight back.\\\" The book was adapted into an Emmy award winning miniseries also called \\\"The Corner\\\". Simon served as the show's writer and executive producer. It could also be argued that this book serves as an inspiration for the TV series \\\"The Wire\\\". The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood is a 1997 book written by \\\"Baltimore Sun\\\" reporter David Simon and former Baltimore homicide detective Ed Burns. This book follows the lives of individuals who lived on the corner of Fayette Street and Monroe\",\n \"title\": \"The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17823634\",\n \"text\": \"was astonishing, for she went down coalmines, inspected prisons, reformatories and factories, examined schools and studied diet for the young, in addition to regular journalism and four novels\\\". The social historian John Burnett called her \\\"the doyenne of writers on domestic economy\\\". Constance Peel Constance Dorothy Evelyn Peel (\\\"née\\\" Bayliff; 27 April 1868 – 7 August 1934) was an English journalist and writer, known for her non-fiction books on cheap household management and cookery. She wrote with the name Mrs. C. S. Peel, taking the name of her husband, Charles Steers Peel. She is sometimes cited as Dorothy Constance Peel.\",\n \"title\": \"Constance Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11056939\",\n \"text\": \"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange is the fourth studio album by Omar Rodríguez-López, and the third released in the \\\"Amsterdam series\\\". The double LP was released on November 20, 2007. The CD version followed in March 2008. As of December 2010, the clear vinyl edition is out of print; however, the album has been released in Europe too on Willie Anderson Recordings, both on cd and double black vinyl. The album is credited to the Omar Rodriguez Lopez Quintet and features an alternate version of the song \\\"Jacob van Lennepkade\\\" (titled \\\"Jacob van\",\n \"title\": \"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13835502\",\n \"text\": \"Billy Currie – Keyboards Paul Gardiner – Bass Cedric Sharpley – Drums Gary Numan – Vocals Steve Harris – Guitar Richard Beasley – Drums David Brooks – Bass and Keyboards Ade Orange – Keyboards The Complete John Peel Sessions (Gary Numan album) The Complete John Peel Sessions is a CD collection of the radio sessions recorded by English musician Gary Numan for the Radio One DJ John Peel. It was released in 2007 on the newly formed Maida Vale Records and received generally favourable reviews. It also marked the first time the \\\"Pure\\\" session had been made commercially available. The\",\n \"title\": \"The Complete John Peel Sessions (Gary Numan album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12044648\",\n \"text\": \"singer) in '15, Indigo Girls in '17, and Virginia's Jason Mraz in '05. It was opened in 2002 and, in April 2008, was named one of the top five music venues in America by \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine. At the end of 2009, the venue opened Pulp, a downstairs members-only liquor bar. Pulp is open every night there is a show, and a live feed is piped in to allow patrons to view and listen to the show occurring upstairs. Pulp is also open various other nights for events featuring local artists and \\\"Slice of Life\\\" open-mic comedy nights. The Orange\",\n \"title\": \"The Orange Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"633117\",\n \"text\": \"This is due to different pigmentation in ruby red oranges. The blood orange is a mutant of the sweet orange. The Mandarin orange and varieties clementine and tangerine, are often used for sparkling juice drinks. Recently, many brands of organic orange juices have become available on the market. The processing of orange to frozen concentrated orange juice begins with testing the orange fruit for quality to ensure it is safe for the process. Then the fruit is cleaned and washed thoroughly and orange oil is taken from the peel of the orange. Next, the juice is extracted from the orange\",\n \"title\": \"Orange juice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20808208\",\n \"text\": \"loss of surface area and depth of water. Some this had to be reversed to provide for mills powered by the Black Cart Water. In William Roy's map of circa 1747 - 55 the peel is shown on an irregularly shaped ishthmus exytending from the shoreline at Lochside House and the Black Cart Water shows signs of having being canalised. By 1800 the water level had risen again and the peel is shown on an island. In 1856 an embankment had been built around the Aird Meadow which was then under cultivation although subject to flooding in winter. The peel\",\n \"title\": \"The Peel of Castle Semple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7402623\",\n \"text\": \"Center peel Center Peel, or simply \\\"Peel\\\" for short, is a type of retreat practiced by modern-day infantry. This particular tactic is more specifically designed for situations where smaller groups of infantry withdraw from an engagement of a much larger force. In general terms, it is a sloped or diagonal retreat from the enemy. This tactic was designed with human psychology in mind. It begins with an infantry unit facing off with a larger force of enemies. Once the command is called, the soldiers implement a column facing into the enemy's midst. The soldiers then begin, or continue, to use\",\n \"title\": \"Center peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17993839\",\n \"text\": \"On HTC it is called “SenseTV” or “TV.” As of August 2015 “WatchOn” and “Smart Remote” have been renamed to Peel Smart Remote. Peel completes an average of 30 billion remote control actions per month. The app works in over 200 countries and delivers program guides in 110 countries. Peel, as a utility app, has been appreciated over the years because the app does a great job at providing a Universal Smart Remote and relieves the stress of finding physical remotes all over the house. Peel Universal Smart Remote uses built-in IR hardware on Android smartphone and replaces the regular\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Technologies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15380697\",\n \"text\": \"Peel watershed The Peel watershed drains 14% of the Yukon Territory Canada and flows into the Beaufort Sea via the Peel and then Mackenzie Rivers. While the lower part of the Peel River and its confluence with the Mackenzie River are in the North West Territories, most of the watershed, 68,000 km out of 77,000 km is in the Yukon. Six major tributaries and numerous smaller streams feed the Peel. The Yukon portion of the watershed is undergoing land use planning, a process laid out in Chapter 11 of the Yukon Land Claims Agreement and is called the Peel Watershed\",\n \"title\": \"Peel watershed\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11056940\",\n \"text\": \"Lennepkade II\\\"), which originally appeared on the album \\\"Omar Rodriguez\\\". It also includes a live take of \\\"Vondelpark Bij Nacht\\\" in the form of the title track, also from the self-titled record. The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange is the fourth studio album by Omar Rodríguez-López, and the third released in the \\\"Amsterdam series\\\". The double LP was released on November 20, 2007. The CD version followed in March 2008. As of December 2010, the clear vinyl edition is out of print; however, the album has been released in Europe too on Willie Anderson\",\n \"title\": \"The Apocalypse Inside of an Orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4295326\",\n \"text\": \"remain) by Jean-Paul Mousseau, one of the few artworks to be integrated into the architecture of the original network rather than commissioned later. Created in collaboration with ceramist Claude Vermette, these circles, set in floors and walls throughout the station, are mainly in tones of orange or blue streaked with other colors. A sculpture by Maurice Lemieux entitled \\\"Enterspace\\\" stands outside the Peel Nord entrance. The station is named for Peel Street, which in turn was named for Sir Robert Peel, British Prime Minister from 1834 to 1835 and again from 1841 to 1846. He is best known for creating\",\n \"title\": \"Peel station (Montreal Metro)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17993835\",\n \"text\": \"Peel Technologies Peel is a startup company based in Campbell, California, USA, that sells a smart TV remote app called Peel Smart Remote for smartphones and tablets. This universal smart remote app primarily turns your smartphone into an all-in-one remote, i.e., allowing you to control appliances like Television, Air-Conditioner, Setup boxes and even gadgets like Roku, and few smart devices as well. Peel has partnered with thousands of cable and direct-to-home networks to give its users access to the schedules of TV. The users can set up their regional cable service provider and view the schedule of all the channels\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Technologies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7582945\",\n \"text\": \"flavedo), and together they are called the peel. The flavedo and albedo, respectively, are the exocarp and the mesocarp. The juicy layer inside the peel (containing the seeds) is the endocarp. Depending on the thickness and taste, fruit peel is sometimes eaten as part of the fruit, such as with apples. In some cases the peel is unpleasant or inedible, in which case it is removed and discarded, such as with bananas or grapefruits. The peel of some fruits — for example, pomegranates — is high in tannins and other polyphenols, and is employed in the production of dyes. The\",\n \"title\": \"Peel (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20112817\",\n \"text\": \"copper deficiency and frost than standard Valencia trees, but grow larger, juicier fruit with fewer seeds; the Valencia orange is easier to peel and produces larger yields. Other characteristics of the 'Midknight' Valencia orange include its somewhat oblong shape, good juicing quality, earlier ripening than other Valencias, and its large, broad leaves. The exact origin of the 'Midknight' Valencia orange is unknown, but around 1927 this variety was first noticed, growing among Valencia orange trees in an orchard at Addo, Eastern Cape province, South Africa by Mr. A.P. Knight who the orange was later named after. In years following, more\",\n \"title\": \"Midknight Valencia Orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5332986\",\n \"text\": \"World Cup. On 15 January 2008, it was announced by the Scarlets that Peel would be joining Sale Sharks at the end of the 2007–08 season. Peel joined, on a three-year contract, at the start of the 2008–09 season. New Wales coach Warren Gatland later stated that Peel would be an exception to his desired policy to select players from those playing for Welsh clubs, but on 19 January 2009 it was announced that Peel would not be part of the Welsh squad for the 2009 Six Nations Championship. Peel was subsequently called into the squad, however, as cover for\",\n \"title\": \"Dwayne Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10480377\",\n \"text\": \"Banana peel A banana peel, also called banana skin in British English, is the outer covering of the banana fruit. Banana peels are used as food for animals, in water purification, for manufacturing of several biochemical products as well as for jokes and comical situations. There are several methods to remove a peel from a banana. Bananas are a popular fruit consumed worldwide with a yearly production of over 165 million tonnes in 2011. Once the peel is removed, the fruit can be eaten raw or cooked and the peel is generally discarded. Because of this removal of the banana\",\n \"title\": \"Banana peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4728912\",\n \"text\": \"any study of Bobby Peel, the cricketer.\\\" The story originated in a cricket publication, \\\"Cricket Quarterly\\\", in 1968. The historian Rowland Bowen, in an article called \\\"Fresh Light on the Dismissal of R Peel in 1897\\\", claimed that an \\\"aged Yorkshireman of 85\\\" told him that Peel had urinated and that this was a common practice then. Subsequent research by the historian Irving Rosewater established that Bowen's information came to him second-hand. The 85-year-old had not used the word \\\"urinated\\\" but had actually said \\\"pissed at the wicket\\\", meaning that Peel was drunk (\\\"pissed\\\" being slang for drunk) on the\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17993838\",\n \"text\": \"to promote their programming to consumers, who can use the app to tune into shows, record programming or get viewing reminders. Peel has raised more than 100 million dollars over the years from some prominent investors. According to the company, Peel Smart Remote App is compatible with 98 percent of all consumer electronics, including 3,500 TV brands and 600 set top box types. Peel can be downloaded as an iOS or Android app. It is integrated with Samsung and HTC devices for delivery to device purchasers as a preloaded app. On Samsung devices it is called “WatchOn” or “Smart Remote.”\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Technologies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18951536\",\n \"text\": \"That's What Life Is All About (album) The songs from the album were included on a 3-CD set called \\\"Bing Crosby: The Complete United Artists Sessions\\\" issued by EMI Records (7243 59808 2 4) in 1997. This included several previously unreleased alternate takes and studio chat. In January 1974, Crosby was seriously ill and after two weeks of tests, he underwent three and a half hours of major surgery. Two-fifths of his left lung and an abscess the size of a small orange were removed. The tumor was a rare fungus called nocardia. There were concerns initially that he would\",\n \"title\": \"That's What Life Is All About (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7375477\",\n \"text\": \"to the Peel Airports portfolio was Durham Tees Valley Airport, with a 75% stake being bought in 2003 - ownership of the remaining 25% of DTVA was retained by several local councils. Results were mixed, and the Peel Group began looking for an outside investor for Peel Airports. In June 2010 it was announced that Vantage Airport Group (formerly Vancouver Airport Services) had bought a 65% shareholding in Peel Airports, while the Peel Group retained the remaining 35%. The new management team at Peel Airports quickly began disposing of assets, selling them back to the Peel Group. First to go\",\n \"title\": \"The Peel Group\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"206276\",\n \"text\": \"Head in the UK with \\\"(And The) Pictures In The Sky\\\" and Beau in Lebanon with \\\"1917 Revolution.\\\" Having had an affinity with the Manchester area from working in a cotton mill in Rochdale in 1959 Peel signed Manchester bands Stack Waddy and Tractor to Dandelion and was always supportive of both bands throughout his life. It is alleged that Peel spotted a Rochdale postmark on the envelope containing the tape sent to him by Tractor, then called \\\"The Way We Live\\\". As Peel stated: It was never a success financially. In fact, we lost money, if I remember correctly,\",\n \"title\": \"John Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16157434\",\n \"text\": \"of 8.24 out of 10 . The site's critical consensus is \\\"\\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.\\\" Hank Stuever, television critic for \\\"The Washington Post\\\", gave \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\" a perfect score. In his review of the series, he stated: \\\"In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\", prison is still the pits. But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Is the New Black\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3009232\",\n \"text\": \"Dickson noted that \\\"Peel seeks to ignore controversies completely by confining discussions of conflicting evidence and questions of reliability to his notes.\\\" Gillian Gill called Peel \\\"Mrs. Eddy's most brilliant, informed and judicious biographer.\\\" Caroline Fraser wrote that he was \\\"an apologist for Eddy's more eccentric characteristics.\\\" William E. Phipps a Professor of Religion and Philosophy described Peel as an \\\"Eddy apologist\\\". Robert Peel (Christian Science) Robert Peel (May 6, 1909 – January 8, 1992) was a Christian Science historian and writer on religious and ecumenical topics. A Christian Scientist for over 70 years, Peel worked for the Church of\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Peel (Christian Science)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16157446\",\n \"text\": \"most-watched original series. In 2016, a \\\"New York Times\\\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\" is one of the shows most watched in urban areas, and despite its \\\"minority-rich ensemble cast,\\\" the series \\\"appeals more to a white audience.\\\" Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \\\"\\\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Is the New Black\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14487104\",\n \"text\": \"would like to have connected the defence line with the defence line along the Albert Canal in Belgium. But the Belgian army wanted a new defenceline (the \\\"Orange Line (Dutch Oranjelinie)\\\" along the line Tilburg-Waalwijk and the Bergsche Maas. Because of this, the defence line was vulnerable and the enemy could go around the defence line crossing into Belgium soil. The Peel-Raam Line is, for most part, intact; the northern part, in particular. The stretch between Griendtsveen and De Peel Air Base and the spot nearby Mill features several visible remains. The fortifications and casemates in the municipalities of Deurne,\",\n \"title\": \"Peel-Raam Line\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16760339\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Peel (diplomat) Sir Arthur Robert Peel (15 August 1861 – 7 October 1952) was a British diplomat who was envoy to Thailand, Brazil and Bulgaria. Arthur Robert Peel (grandson of William Yates Peel) was educated at Eton College and entered the Diplomatic Service as an attaché in 1886. He served in St Petersburg, Washington, D.C., Buenos Aires, The Hague, Lisbon and Montevideo, and was consul-general for the island of Crete, before being appointed Minister to Thailand (then called Siam) 1909–15, to Brazil 1915–18 and (after a year in London) to Bulgaria 1920–21. Peel was awarded a knighthood (KCMG) in\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Peel (diplomat)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"789844\",\n \"text\": \"century, they organised what they called the Orange Free State. In the United States, the flag of the City of New York has an orange stripe, to remember the Dutch colonists who founded the city. William of Orange is also remembered as the founder of the College of William & Mary, and Nassau County in New York is named after the House of Orange-Nassau. In the 18th century orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of Pomona, the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the \\\"pomon\\\", the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in\",\n \"title\": \"Orange (colour)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"633125\",\n \"text\": \"the finished orange juice flows through blending tanks where the juice is tested for acid and soluble solids. At this stage, sugar can be added to the juice depending on if the product will be a sweetened or unsweetened beverage. Following blending, the orange juice is deaerated where the air is incorporated into the juice during extraction. The benefits of deaeration include the elimination of foaming, which improves the uniformity of can fill and improvement regarding the efficiency of the heat exchanger. Orange peel oil is essential for maximum flavor, but according to U.S. standards for Grades of Canned Orange\",\n \"title\": \"Orange juice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3201373\",\n \"text\": \"located on Piel Island, to the east across the Irish Sea. This particularly occurs in reference to the William Wordsworth poem describing Piel, spelling its name as 'Peele': especially as Wordsworth is documented as having visited Peel Castle, and wrote several times about the Isle of Man. Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian Avalon. The cathedral ruins located within the walls of Peel Castle are those of the former Cathedral of St German. Like the structures throughout the castle grounds, the cathedral's roof is completely missing. Robert Anderson examined the ruins to determine what\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Castle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16157417\",\n \"text\": \"Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \\\"\\\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, \\\"Orange Is the New Black\\\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the\",\n \"title\": \"Orange Is the New Black\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8260673\",\n \"text\": \"young man with Down syndrome whose principal interests are snails, salt, a pipe, and how to get home, who is tormented by a hubristic, racist inner psyche. The film had received a 56% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes What Is It? What Is It? is a 2005 American surrealist film written, edited, co-produced and directed by Crispin Glover. It stars Crispin Glover and Fairuza Balk and Steven C. Stewart. As of 2008, the film has only been shown at independent theaters, typically accompanied by a question-and-answer session, a one-hour dramatic narration of eight different profusely illustrated books as a slideshow,\",\n \"title\": \"What Is It?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20808212\",\n \"text\": \"the remnants of a newel or sprial stair leading to the upper floor. As states the peel tower was built on an islet in the loch as shown by old maps however extensive drainage reduced the size and depth of the loch and the creation of Airds Meadow involved the formation of an embankment that joins the islet to the shore on the Lochside House side. In Scot's 'Aird' refers to a piece of ground as opposed to a body of water such as in Airds Moss, etc.. The Peel of Castle Semple The ruins of The Peel of Castle\",\n \"title\": \"The Peel of Castle Semple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229788\",\n \"text\": \"with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on \\\"Marvel\\\" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", requested a satire of the \\\"Playboy\\\" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might \\\"really\\\" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection \\\"Nightfall and Other Stories\\\" he retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13054442\",\n \"text\": \"in Toronto Township. Elliott was a member of the local Orange Lodge. William Elliott (Peel MP) William Elliott (April 21, 1837 – March 2, 1888) was a farmer, merchant and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Peel in the House of Commons of Canada from 1878 to 1882 as a Conservative member. He was born in Toronto Township, Upper Canada, the son of William Elliott and Frances Hamilton, Irish immigrants. He married Ann Jane Jackson in 1863. Elliott served as deputy reeve and reeve for Toronto Township. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the same seat in the House\",\n \"title\": \"William Elliott (Peel MP)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13501847\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel Arthur William Ashton Peel, 2nd Earl Peel (29 May 1901 – 22 September 1969), styled Viscount Clanfield from 1929 to 1937, was a British peer. Peel was the son of William Peel, 1st Earl Peel, by the Honourable Eleanor \\\"Ella\\\" Williamson, daughter of James Williamson, 1st Baron Ashton. He was a great-grandson of Prime Minister Robert Peel. He became known by the courtesy title Viscount Clanfield when his father was elevated to an earldom in 1929. In 1937 he succeeded in the earldom on the death of his father. He succeeded to the family baronetcy\",\n \"title\": \"Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2309379\",\n \"text\": \"liqueurs. Once a year, oranges of this variety are collected from trees in Seville and shipped to Britain to be used in marmalade. However, the fruit is rarely consumed locally in Andalusia. The Seville orange—when preserved in sugar — is the principal ingredient in traditional British marmalade, reflecting the historic Atlantic trading relationship with Portugal and Spain: the earliest recipe for 'marmelat of oranges' dating from 1677. The peel can be used in the production of bitters. The unripe fruit, called \\\"narthangai\\\", is commonly used in Southern Indian cuisine, especially in Tamil cuisine. It is pickled by cutting it into\",\n \"title\": \"Bitter orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1500245\",\n \"text\": \"derelict while others have been converted for use in peacetime. Embleton Tower is now part of the (former) vicarage and that on the Inner Farne is a home to bird wardens. The most obvious conversion needs will include access, which was originally difficult, and the provision of more and larger windows. A peel tower in Hellifield, North Yorkshire featured in an episode of \\\"Grand Designs\\\" showing the conversion from a derelict state to a home and a bed-and-breakfast business. Darnick Tower stands just outside Melrose and is still habitable. It was built in 1425 by the Heiton family from Normandy,\",\n \"title\": \"Peel tower\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9176151\",\n \"text\": \"qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below. At right is the color \\\"orange\\\", also known as \\\"color wheel orange\\\". This is the tone of orange that is a pure chroma on the HSV color wheel, the expression of which is known as the , exactly halfway between red and yellow. The complementary color of orange is azure. At right is the web color called \\\"orange\\\". It is defined in CSS\",\n \"title\": \"Shades of orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15293436\",\n \"text\": \"Inner Circle (parody group) The Inner Circle is an American parody group made up of seasoned reporters, bloggers, web journalists, and television and radio personalities. It hosts an event every year in March at the New York Hilton, and each year the show has a different theme. There is a strict \\\"No Professional Talent\\\" rule. The Inner Circle was established in 1922 by New York City newspaper reporters covering City Hall. The organization is a successor to Amen Corner and the Association of City Hall Reporters, two groups of reporters who would parody local politicians at what were called \\\"stunt\",\n \"title\": \"Inner Circle (parody group)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11543620\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Terrace\\\" extending east west on which can be found a number of statues. One such is a statue of Sir Robert Peel made in 1855 and dressed in a mid 19th century frock coat and mounted on a cylindrical ashlar sandstone plinth. The Peel statue was the first public statue erected in Bradford and was originally located in what was Peel Place on Leeds Road, but re-erected post 1926 in Peel Park after Kassapian's Warehouse on Leeds Road was demolished. The sculptor was W. Behnes and the statue was cast in lead by the Robinson Scott Company of Pimlico.\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Park, Bradford\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17993840\",\n \"text\": \"remote which would otherwise be used. After setting up the app, the phone just needs to be pointed at the device and thus control it by tapping the on-screen remote. For phones without the IR hardware, Peel uses WiFi to discover and control devices. One can connect to devices in the same WiFi network and control devices such as TVs, music systems and streaming players, ACs and Cameras right from their phone. Peel Technologies Peel is a startup company based in Campbell, California, USA, that sells a smart TV remote app called Peel Smart Remote for smartphones and tablets. This\",\n \"title\": \"Peel Technologies\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4728869\",\n \"text\": \"The first English cricketer to reach 100 wickets against Australia, in 1894–95 he also became the first player to fail to score in four successive Test innings. As a player, Peel was very popular and admirers often entertained him socially; he became well known for liking alcohol. On the morning of the match that England won after following on, Peel was intoxicated and had to be sobered up. In 1897, he was suspended by Yorkshire for drunkenness during a match. Although it is unclear what exactly happened—Peel said he slipped when fielding, but Hirst later recalled that he came on\",\n \"title\": \"Bobby Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20808202\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"\\\"..not sparand to sla auld men of fowr skoir yeris off age, lyand decreppit in their beddis.\\\"\\\". Although called to appear in front of the Justice-General to account for these actions he instead set about strenthening the garrison and the defences of Castle Semple and had also \\\"\\\"..off new fortit ane hows within an ile in the loch of Lochquhinyeoch.\\\"\\\" This new tower house or peel, built on a rocky island in the loch opposite Lochwinnoch church, is the ruinous fortification that now stands connected via the curved embankment to the Lochside House or eastern side of the shore\",\n \"title\": \"The Peel of Castle Semple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2409073\",\n \"text\": \"employment to hundreds more. However, with what is now seen as over-fishing, the number of boats leaving for Ireland dwindled from 300 in 1880 to a handful by 1915. After the railway arrived in Peel in 1873, Peel started to develop as a tourist resort, with guest houses and hotels built along the shoreline and headlands, and then the promenade was added. Tourism gradually grew in the town. During World War I Knockaloe Farm, at Patrick to the south of the town, was made into the Knockaloe internment camp and housed up to 30,000 German, Austrian and Turkish civilians. In\",\n \"title\": \"Peel, Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8222997\",\n \"text\": \"William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel William James Robert Peel, 3rd Earl Peel, (born 3 October 1947), styled Viscount Clanfield until 1969, was a Conservative peer from 15 May 1973 until October 2006 when, on his appointment as Lord Chamberlain of the Royal Household, he became a crossbench (non-party) member of the House of Lords. Lord Peel is the eldest son of Arthur Peel, 2nd Earl Peel, and Kathleen McGrath, daughter of Michael McGrath. He is a great-great-grandson of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel. He attended Ampleforth College, and then went on to the University of Tours in France and the\",\n \"title\": \"William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4551831\",\n \"text\": \"The 'Thermal Tarocco' was donated by A. Newcomb of Thermal Plaza Nursery in Thermal, California. The 'Sanguinello' , also called 'Sanguinelli' in the US (the plural form of its name in Italian), discovered in Spain in 1929, has a reddish skin, few seeds, and a sweet and tender flesh. 'Sanguinello', the Sicilian late \\\"full-blood\\\" orange, is close in characteristics to the 'Moro'. Where grown in the Northern Hemisphere, it matures in February, but can remain on trees unharvested until April. Fruit can last until the end of May. The peel is compact, and clear yellow with a red tinge. The\",\n \"title\": \"Blood orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11364437\",\n \"text\": \"tracks Two of these are covers of Wire's \\\"Too Late\\\" and Gang of Four's \\\"I Found That Essence Rare\\\" and were never on any Band of Susans album released on Blast First or Restless Records. Adapted from \\\"The Peel Session\\\" liner notes. The Peel Sessions (Band of Susans album) The Peel Sessions is an EP by Band of Susans, recorded in 1988 and 1989 from sessions with John Peel but not released until 1992. The first four tracks feature the same line-up as \\\"Love Agenda\\\" (with the latterly relatively famous Page Hamilton as one of the guitarists) but the latter\",\n \"title\": \"The Peel Sessions (Band of Susans album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3996367\",\n \"text\": \"ZF or KP) as well. It was proved by Kurt Gödel that any model of ZF has a least inner model of ZF (which is also an inner model of ZFC + GCH), called the constructible universe, or \\\"L\\\". There is a branch of set theory called inner model theory that studies ways of constructing least inner models of theories extending ZF. Inner model theory has led to the discovery of the exact consistency strength of many important set theoretical properties. Inner model In set theory, a branch of mathematical logic, an inner model for a theory \\\"T\\\" is a\",\n \"title\": \"Inner model\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2409079\",\n \"text\": \"Races (July), and Peel Carnival. Kippers have been produced in Peel since at least the 19th century. Two kipper houses remain: Moore's Kipper Yard (established 1884) which provides tours of the factory demonstrating the preparation and smoking processes, and Devereau's (also established 1884). Peel Centenary Centre () is an arts and community centre based at the Centenary Hall. It runs a programme of films, live concerts (local, British, and international acts), and other community events. Peel railway station opened on 1 July 1873, beside the harbour, as the western terminus of the Isle of Man Railway's Douglas to Peel line.\",\n \"title\": \"Peel, Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"556609\",\n \"text\": \"in 1837, and many of the higher posts in Victoria's household were held by the wives and female relatives of Whigs; there was some feeling that Victoria had allowed herself to be too closely associated with the Whig party. Peel therefore asked that some of this entourage be dismissed and replaced with their Conservative counterparts, provoking the so-called Bedchamber Crisis. Victoria refused to change her household, and despite pleadings from the Duke of Wellington, relied on assurances of support from Whig leaders. Peel refused to form a government, and the Whigs returned to power. Peel came to office during an\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Peel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2409069\",\n \"text\": \"build the castle and other important buildings. As it is in the west, it is also called the \\\"sunset city\\\". Peel is a popular seaside destination for Manx residents and visitors in summer. It has narrow streets of fishermen's cottages and a Victorian promenade which was built on reclaimed land and a small construction line built for this purpose, as well as sandy beaches. For many years the main industries in the town were fishing, trading and shipbuilding. There is evidence of local settlers in the Mesolithic Age on both St Patrick's Isle and the nearby Peel Hill, and Neolithic\",\n \"title\": \"Peel, Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7718965\",\n \"text\": \"a single mutation in a Selecta orange tree planted on the grounds of a monastery near Bahia, Brazil, probably yielded the first navel orange between 1810 and 1820. Nevertheless, a researcher at the University of California, Riverside, has suggested that the parent variety was more likely the Portuguese navel orange (\\\"Umbigo\\\"), described by Antoine Risso and Pierre Antoine Poiteau in their book \\\"Histoire naturelle des orangers\\\" (\\\"Natural History of Orange Trees\\\", 1818–1822). The mutation caused the orange to develop a second fruit at its base, opposite the stem, embedded within the peel of the primary orange. Navel oranges were introduced\",\n \"title\": \"Orange (fruit)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12745425\",\n \"text\": \"Yard 10 in the space between what is now New Washington Street and the Lowell Line. By the mid-1950s, a new regional expressway called the Inner Belt was planned that would bisect the site between the older industrial buildings on Washington Street and the new industrial buildings on the former Yard 10 land. Called the Inner Belt Expressway, it would have connected I-93 on the east with Massachusetts Route 2 in the west following the path of the Fitchburg Railroad through Porter Square. After years of protest and community organizing, plans for the Inner Belt Expressway were withdrawn and the\",\n \"title\": \"Inner Belt District\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1585786\",\n \"text\": \"Mandarin orange The mandarin orange (\\\"Citrus reticulata\\\"), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white\",\n \"title\": \"Mandarin orange\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198279\",\n \"text\": \"scalar product) to vector spaces of any (possibly infinite) dimension, and are studied in functional analysis. The first usage of the concept of a vector space with an inner product is due to Peano, in 1898. An inner product naturally induces an associated norm, thus an inner product space is also a normed vector space. A complete space with an inner product is called a Hilbert space. An (incomplete) space with an inner product is called a pre-Hilbert space, since its completion with respect to the norm induced by the inner product is a Hilbert space. Inner product spaces over\",\n \"title\": \"Inner product space\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":286,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"287"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What year did \"Snow White\" come out?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"12590102","text":"Gardner, Melissa Disney, and Katie Von Til, and portrayed live by Stephanie Bennett (\"Descendants\"). Snow White first appears in the film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937). In the film she is depicted as living under her wicked, vain stepmother, the Evil Queen, who forces Snow White to engage in menial labor, fearing that one day Snow White's beauty might become greater than her own. After many years, the Queen's Magic Mirror confirms Snow White as being the \"fairest of them all\", which causes the Queen to cast Snow White out and send a huntsman to kill her. But","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"1393923","text":"queen and the Seven Dwarfs. The seven dwarfs were first given individual names in the 1912 Broadway play \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" and then given different names in Walt Disney's 1937 film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". The Grimm story, which is commonly referred to as \"Snow White\", should not be confused with the story of \"Snow-White and Rose-Red\" (in German \"\"Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot\"\"), another fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. In the Aarne–Thompson folklore classification, tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709, Snow White. Others of this kind include \"Bella Venezia\", \"Myrsina\",","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"18199664","text":"Snow White and the dwarfs and their entire forest. \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", the soundtrack to the 1937 Walt Disney film, was the first commercially issued film soundtrack. It was released in January 1938 as \"Songs from Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (with the Same Characters and Sound Effects as in the Film of That Title)\" and has since seen numerous expansions and reissues. Snow White (franchise) Snow White is a Disney media franchise that began in 1937 with the theatrical release of \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\"","title":"Snow White (franchise)"},{"docid":"1393939","text":"her to the woods, but takes her there herself to gather flowers and abandons her; in the first edition, this task was transferred to a servant. It is believed that the change to a stepmother in later editions was to tone down the story for children. One version of Snow White is the 1937 American animated film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" by Walt Disney. Disney's variation of Snow White gave the dwarfs names and included a singing Snow White. Instead of her lungs and liver, as written in the original, the huntsman is asked by the queen to","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"18199655","text":"Snow White (franchise) Snow White is a Disney media franchise that began in 1937 with the theatrical release of \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" is a 1937 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. Disney is planning a live-action spin-off film revolving around the character Rose-Red from the story \"Snow-White and Rose-Red\", who will be added into the plot of","title":"Snow White (franchise)"},{"docid":"7227491","text":"A Snow White Christmas A Snow White Christmas is a Christmas animated television special produced by Filmation and telecast December 19, 1980, on CBS. It is a sequel to the fairy tale \"Snow White\", unrelated to Filmation's other sequel to \"Snow White\" titled \"Happily Ever After\" (1990). While this is a sequel to the original story and not the 1937 Disney film, there are some similarities. The film's plot revolves around the return of the Wicked Queen, who is unexpectedly brought back to life and casts an evil spell that freezes the entire land. It is up to young Snow","title":"A Snow White Christmas"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590102\",\n \"text\": \"Gardner, Melissa Disney, and Katie Von Til, and portrayed live by Stephanie Bennett (\\\"Descendants\\\"). Snow White first appears in the film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" (1937). In the film she is depicted as living under her wicked, vain stepmother, the Evil Queen, who forces Snow White to engage in menial labor, fearing that one day Snow White's beauty might become greater than her own. After many years, the Queen's Magic Mirror confirms Snow White as being the \\\"fairest of them all\\\", which causes the Queen to cast Snow White out and send a huntsman to kill her. But\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393923\",\n \"text\": \"queen and the Seven Dwarfs. The seven dwarfs were first given individual names in the 1912 Broadway play \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" and then given different names in Walt Disney's 1937 film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". The Grimm story, which is commonly referred to as \\\"Snow White\\\", should not be confused with the story of \\\"Snow-White and Rose-Red\\\" (in German \\\"\\\"Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot\\\"\\\"), another fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. In the Aarne–Thompson folklore classification, tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709, Snow White. Others of this kind include \\\"Bella Venezia\\\", \\\"Myrsina\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18199664\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White and the dwarfs and their entire forest. \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\", the soundtrack to the 1937 Walt Disney film, was the first commercially issued film soundtrack. It was released in January 1938 as \\\"Songs from Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (with the Same Characters and Sound Effects as in the Film of That Title)\\\" and has since seen numerous expansions and reissues. Snow White (franchise) Snow White is a Disney media franchise that began in 1937 with the theatrical release of \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393939\",\n \"text\": \"her to the woods, but takes her there herself to gather flowers and abandons her; in the first edition, this task was transferred to a servant. It is believed that the change to a stepmother in later editions was to tone down the story for children. One version of Snow White is the 1937 American animated film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" by Walt Disney. Disney's variation of Snow White gave the dwarfs names and included a singing Snow White. Instead of her lungs and liver, as written in the original, the huntsman is asked by the queen to\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18199655\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (franchise) Snow White is a Disney media franchise that began in 1937 with the theatrical release of \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" is a 1937 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. Disney is planning a live-action spin-off film revolving around the character Rose-Red from the story \\\"Snow-White and Rose-Red\\\", who will be added into the plot of\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7227491\",\n \"text\": \"A Snow White Christmas A Snow White Christmas is a Christmas animated television special produced by Filmation and telecast December 19, 1980, on CBS. It is a sequel to the fairy tale \\\"Snow White\\\", unrelated to Filmation's other sequel to \\\"Snow White\\\" titled \\\"Happily Ever After\\\" (1990). While this is a sequel to the original story and not the 1937 Disney film, there are some similarities. The film's plot revolves around the return of the Wicked Queen, who is unexpectedly brought back to life and casts an evil spell that freezes the entire land. It is up to young Snow\",\n \"title\": \"A Snow White Christmas\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1393927","text":"forest, but after raising his knife, he finds himself unable to kill her when Snow White finds out about her stepmother's plan, tearfully begging \"Spare me this mockery of justice! I will run away into the forest and never come home again!\". Eventually, the huntsman reluctantly agrees to spare Snow White and lets her go, bringing the queen the heart of a wild animal instead. After wandering through the forest for hours, Snow White discovers a tiny cottage belonging to a group of seven dwarfs. Since no one is at home, she eats some of the tiny meals, drinks some","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"1393932","text":"to her proper resting place. Suddenly, while Snow White is being transported by the prince, one of his servants trips and loses his balance. This caused the piece of poisoned apple to dislodge from Snow White's throat, reviving her. Instantly, the prince is overjoyed that Snow White magically revived herself, declaring his love for her; immediately, he proposes to her, and Snow White agrees to marry him. Snow White and the prince invite everyone to come to their wedding party, including Snow White's stepmother. Meanwhile, the queen, still believing that Snow White is dead, again asks her magic mirror who","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"13026097","text":"I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day is an album by Julie Doiron, released on March 10, 2009. Recorded at the home studio of Rick White, the album's producer and Doiron's onetime bandmate in Eric's Trip, the album is more rock-oriented than Doiron's other solo albums, revisiting the sound and style of Eric's Trip. The album's first single, \"Consolation Prize\", was released to radio in early February. Alternate versions of the songs \"Heavy Snow\" and \"Nice to Come Home\" were released on a split 7\" single in May 2009.","title":"I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day"},{"docid":"10903108","text":"around Snow White's neck, which makes her unable to breathe. However, the Dwarfs come home and untie the laces, saving Snow White's life. The second time the Evil Queen goes disguised as old man and puts a poison comb in Snow White's hair, but the Dwarfs come to Snow White's rescue once again. The third time the Evil Queen is disguised as a little girl selling apples. She offers Snow White half of a poisoned apple, and when Snow White bites into it, she falls to the ground, seemingly dead. This time, the dwarfs are unable to save Snow White.","title":"Snow White (1995 film)"},{"docid":"11266176","text":"the difficult decision to put her down. Snow White (horse) Snow White (foaled 22 January 2005, euthanized 2 July 2009) was a champion Standardbred harness racehorse. She was sired by Self Possessed, out of Moms Millionaire, a Pine Chip mare. The filly was owned by North State Street Stable, Harness The Power, and Jerry Silva. As of 24 November 2007, Snow White earned $1,251,151 and had a mark of 1:52.4, a world record for two-year-old trotters, regardless of sex. Snow White was well known not only for her wins in the 2007 Breeder's Crown, 2007 Goldsmith Maid, and 2007 Oakville","title":"Snow White (horse)"},{"docid":"11266174","text":"Snow White (horse) Snow White (foaled 22 January 2005, euthanized 2 July 2009) was a champion Standardbred harness racehorse. She was sired by Self Possessed, out of Moms Millionaire, a Pine Chip mare. The filly was owned by North State Street Stable, Harness The Power, and Jerry Silva. As of 24 November 2007, Snow White earned $1,251,151 and had a mark of 1:52.4, a world record for two-year-old trotters, regardless of sex. Snow White was well known not only for her wins in the 2007 Breeder's Crown, 2007 Goldsmith Maid, and 2007 Oakville Stakes, but for her winning margins in","title":"Snow White (horse)"},{"docid":"17332348","text":"through a hole). This mirror, as did all of the Queen's (Vanessa Redgrave) other mirrors, turned black as she found out that Snow White was alive. The Magic Mirror appears in the \"Snow White\" episode of \"Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics\". It is kept in a cabinet in the Evil Queen's chambers. Like the story, the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that she was the fairest of them all until the day when Snow White came of age. In this version when the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that the Seven Dwarfs freed Snow White from the deadly laces","title":"Magic Mirror (Snow White)"},{"docid":"8433782","text":"Snow White (Fables) Snow White is a major character in the comic book series \"Fables\". Her character is based on two myths recorded by the Brothers Grimm, \"Snow-White and Rose-Red\" and the more famous \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarves\". Snow was born in a small cottage and lived there with her younger twin sister Rose Red. In their youth, they were inseparable, swearing to each other that nothing would ever come between them. One day, a bear knocks on their house and asks to let him stay with them. They let them in and he stays through the entire","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"8433744","text":"Snow White (Fables) Snow White is a major character in the comic book series \"Fables\". Her character is based on two myths recorded by the Brothers Grimm, \"Snow-White and Rose-Red\" and the more famous \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarves\". Snow was born in a small cottage and lived there with her younger twin sister Rose Red. In their youth, they were inseparable, swearing to each other that nothing would ever come between them. One day, a bear knocks on their house and asks to let him stay with them. They let them in and he stays through the entire","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"6822404","text":"printed onto its surface—was included on nearly every product for several years. In 1982, Apple officials looked outside the company and indeed the country for a designer who could help them establish the firm as a world-class company. Snow White refers to the seven projects code-named after the Seven Dwarves on which the new design language was to be applied. Several designers were courted by Apple under the Snow White project to see what they would come up with for the seven products (of which there were actually eight). The winner ultimately was Esslinger and the resulting style assumed the","title":"Snow White design language"},{"docid":"10238621","text":"see during the whiteout conditions. Coaches and commentators had difficulty seeing the field. Between plays, grounds crew workers swept snow off the lines marking the field. Dennard described catching the football, \"I think it was pretty close to 20-below. It was snowing—you could barely see past 15 yards. All you knew is coming out of the mist of the snow and the white mist, you would see the ball come out of the white. You knew what the route was and you knew the direction of the ball.\" Snow Bowl (1985) The Snow Bowl was a National Football League game","title":"Snow Bowl (1985)"},{"docid":"7922446","text":"breaking the pitcher. She cursed him to be unable to marry until he found Snow-White-Fire-Red. When he grew up, he remembered this and set out. One night he slept in a great plain where there was a large house. In the morning, he saw an ogress come and call to Snow-White-Fire-Red to let down her hair. When the ogress left, he called to her, and she, thinking it was her mother (as she called the ogress), let down her hair. He climbed it and told her his tale. She told him the ogress would eat him, and so she hid","title":"Snow-White-Fire-Red"},{"docid":"9628671","text":"of the earliest of the series, [this is] one of the first times we see the different personalities in Spectrum come out\". White as Snow (Captain Scarlet) \"White as Snow\" is the sixth episode of \"Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons\", a British 1960s Supermarionation television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson. Written by Peter Curran and David Williams and directed by Robert Lynn, it was first broadcast on on ATV Midlands. In this episode, the Mysterons, announcing that they intend to assassinate Colonel White, almost succeed in crashing a reconstructed space satellite into Cloudbase. They make another attempt on","title":"White as Snow (Captain Scarlet)"},{"docid":"12590104","text":"her that it is the Queen in disguise. Snow White bites into the apple and falls into a coma. Upon discovering what had happened, the dwarfs track down the Queen; a short fight ensues and the Queen is killed. Believing her dead too, the dwarfs build an open grave for Snow White to rest on. Time passes and the Prince comes across Snow White. Saddened by her apparent death, he kisses her, causing her to awaken. As the Seven Dwarfs dance with joy, Snow White and the Prince go off to live together happily ever after. Snow White is a","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"8992694","text":"forever. A young and beautiful girl, Snow White lives happy until war breaks out in the kingdom and her father is forced to leave her in the care of her then-loving stepmother. Not long time would come to pass until her stepmother would force her away from the castle. Ruling over a small neighbouring kingdom, she comes to the Emerald Valley in order to marry King Conrad and to raise his daughter, the young Snow White. She is famed for her beauty, which she desperately worships above anything else and she would stop at nothing to rest the fairest woman","title":"The Legend of Snow White"},{"docid":"9496062","text":"a large palace, they have to wait on the princes and princesses (including \"Snow White\", \"Cinderella\" and \"Sleeping Beauty\"), following which they are thrown on the scrapheap with Buttons, the ugly sisters and other pantomime characters played by men. The Goodies rebel against their position and are able to win out against the odds. The Seven Dwarfs Princesses / Princes This episode has been released on DVD. Snow White 2 \"Snow White 2\" is a special episode of the award-winning British comedy television series \"The Goodies\". This episode is also known as \"Pantomime\" and \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\".","title":"Snow White 2"},{"docid":"6822408","text":"intended to tie into the rest of the Apple desktop products using the corporate Snow White design language. However, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled-down designs. In addition to adopting the darker grey color scheme which co-ordinated with the official corporate look, they also adopted a raised series of ridges mimicking the indented lines on the desktops. These early PowerBooks would be the last to use the aging Snow White look and the only ones to make such a radical adaptation of it. Snow White design language The Snow White design language","title":"Snow White design language"},{"docid":"8433754","text":"best kept unsaid. Charming suggests that Snow might like to invite Rose Red to live with them, observing that she presumably no longer needed to take her long rides alone. (Snow White later looks at her quest for vengeance with regret, claiming it was ultimately unsatisfying and may have planted the seeds of mistrust in her first marriage.) Snow asks Rose to come and live with them, but the damage to their relationship was already done. Rose believed that Snow was part of her mother's conspiracy in faking her death and felt abandoned and betrayed by her sister. To punish","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"18878593","text":"killing her and Snow White sees that it wears a necklace with a moon charm on it similar to the one the Queen wears. She cuts the chain with her father's dagger and the Beast suddenly becomes engulfed in light. The Beast turns out to be Snow White's father who has no memory of the last ten years. Grateful to Prince Alcott for his assistance, the King agrees to let him marry Snow White. In \"Snow White and the Huntsman\", the King is known and named as King Magnus and is portrayed by Noah Huntley. King Magnus ruled the Kingdom","title":"King (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18438656","text":"do what she promised, the Huntsman fights him and his men while Snow White runs away. Throughout the film, Eric becomes Snow White's ally in the fight against Queen Ravenna. His allegiance slowly becomes both absolute (after finding himself smitten by the same purity in the princess that he loved in his wife) and resolute (after the revelation of the Queen's duplicity having been the cause of the death of his wife). The Huntsman is the title character in the film \"\" (which is a prequel to \"Snow White and the Huntsman\"). Chris Hemsworth reprises his role as Eric the","title":"Huntsman (Snow White)"},{"docid":"1393925","text":"names Snow White, but the queen dies in childbirth a short while later. A year later, Snow White's father, the king, marries again. His new wife is very beautiful, but she is a vain and wicked woman. The new queen possesses a magic mirror, which she asks every morning, \"Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?\" The mirror always tells the queen that she is the fairest. The queen is always pleased with that, because the magic mirror never lies. But as Snow White grows up, she becomes more beautiful each day and even more","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"12590120","text":"Queen than Snow White. \"The Washington Post\"'s Desson Howe wrote, \"the spirit in the mirror is dead wrong: The Wicked Queen ... is the fairest in the land\" while Snow White lacks \"real estate.\" \"Time Out\" opined, \"Snow White herself might be felt to be almost unbearably winsome.\" Snow White's big role is in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" where she plays a young princess who tries and escape her evil stepmother. The character won many awards for her role like the Grand Biennale Art Trophy from the Venice Film Festival, the New York Film Critics Circle, and the","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"8992691","text":"puppy, a cat and a dove. Soon, Queen Isabelle falls ill and dies, after which Lady Chrystal takes her place, who turns out to be not only an evil, selfish, ambitious woman, she also indulges in the black art of sorcery. After the king's departure, she makes life difficult for Snow White, although Prince Richard did a bit to liven up the life of the young princess. Later, when the evil Queen makes an attempt to kill Snow White due to her famed beauty, the little girl ends up in a cosy little cottage, house to seven dwarfs who eventually","title":"The Legend of Snow White"},{"docid":"1393930","text":"queen laces her up so tightly that Snow White faints, but the dwarfs return just in time, and Snow White revives when the dwarfs loosen the laces. Next, the queen dresses as a comb seller and convinces Snow White to take a beautiful comb as a present; she brushes Snow White's hair with the poisoned comb and the girl faints again, but she is again revived by the dwarfs when they remove the comb from her hair. Last, the queen, disguising herself as a poor woman, offers Snow White a poisoned apple to her; at first Snow White is hesitant","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"829150","text":"a three-dimensional feeling in many sequences and was also used to give a rotating effect in the scene where the Queen transforms into a witch. The songs in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" were composed by Frank Churchill and Larry Morey. Paul J. Smith and Leigh Harline composed the incidental music score. Well-known songs from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" include \"Heigh-Ho\", \"Some Day My Prince Will Come\", and \"Whistle While You Work\". Since Disney did not have its own music publishing company at the time, the publishing rights for the music and songs were administered through Bourne","title":"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)"},{"docid":"12590118","text":"\"never again would Walt's heroine have such a fantasy singing voice, and for that reason, she's the favorite heroine of many animation auteurs.\" Calling Snow White a \"fairy-tale princess,\" Otis Ferguson of \"The New Republic \"simply described the character as \"just what you would have her.\" \"Variety\"'s John C. Flinn deemed Snow White \"the embodiment of girlish sweetness and kindness, exemplified in her love for the birds and the small animals of the woods that are her friends and, as it subsequently develops, her rescuers.\" Contemporary critics felt that Snow White \"lack[s] nerve, unlike many later Disney heroines,\" while her","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"7347822","text":"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode","title":"What Kate Did"},{"docid":"4568595","text":"Operation Snow White Operation Snow White was a criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This project included a series of infiltrations into and thefts from 136 government agencies, foreign embassies and consulates, as well as private organizations critical of Scientology, carried out by Church members in more than 30 countries. It was one of the largest infiltrations of the United States government in history, with up to 5,000 covert agents. This operation also exposed the Scientology plot 'Operation Freakout', because Operation Snow White was","title":"Operation Snow White"},{"docid":"8433780","text":"bartender and gives her the pin found on Lily's body. At Holly's funeral, Bigby informs Snow that Crane is the prime suspect, as he was the one who made Lily glamour as Snow White and had sex with her. Snow White is disturbed by this revelation as the Tweedles show up and wound Bigby, Holly, and Grendel with their shotguns. After Bigby recovers they find out that Crane smashed the magic mirror and took a piece with him to avoid them finding him. After some investigation he and Snow end up at Aunty Greenleaf's place, who has been supplying Crane","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"6822406","text":"change to Platinum, no Snow White designs appeared in any other color, except for the Hard Disk 20SC in order to better match the beige color of the Macintosh Plus beneath which it was designed to sit. Beginning in 1990, the Apple Industrial Design Group gradually altered and phased out the use of the Snow White language. The distinguishing characteristics originated by the Snow White design language, in contrast to the original Apple industrial design style, include the following: Any or all of these features indicate a Snow White Frog Design influence over an otherwise Apple-designed product. In particular the","title":"Snow White design language"},{"docid":"1393942","text":"Snow White and the Prince are married. In the 2012 adaptation \"Snow White and the Huntsman\", directed by Rupert Sanders, Snow White becomes a warrior in order to overthrow the Evil Queen named Ravenna, and the huntsman named Eric is presented as her mentor and possible love interest. The movie \"Mirror Mirror\" has the queen (Julia Roberts) surviving, but she is hopelessly haggard when she attends Snow White (Lily Collins)’s wedding. The 2007 Disney movie \"Enchanted\" features a character named Giselle (Amy Adams) who is loosely based on Snow White (poisoned apple), Sleeping Beauty (fighting a dragon), and Cinderella (losing","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"1393926","text":"beautiful than her stepmother. When the queen asks her mirror, it tells her that Snow White is the fairest. This gives the queen a great shock. She becomes envious, and from that moment on, her heart turns against Snow White, whom the queen grows to hate increasingly with time. Eventually, the angry queen orders a huntsman to take Snow White into the forest to be killed. As proof that Snow White is dead, the queen demands that he returns with her heart, which she will consume in order to become immortal. The huntsman succeeds in taking Snow White into the","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"12590107","text":"Dwarfs while she waits to meet her beloved prince again. With her kindness and ethereal beauty, Snow White charms every creature in the kingdom except the Queen. She also shows great resilience and an inner strength against adversity. Animators' initial sketches for Snow White's character, some of which bore a resemblance to Betty Boop, did not meet Walt Disney's expectations, as they were too cartoonish. Hamilton Luske, whom Disney had selected as the supervising animator for Snow White's character, was tasked with the challenge of making Snow White more believably human and realistic than any of the Disney studio's previous","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"19408072","text":"She finally reaches out to Clara, who tells her to give Bird to her to raise as she was once given up by her mother when she was not white passing. Instead Boy asks Clara to take Snow for what she claims is a short visit, in reality planning to have her stay indefinitely. Thirteen years later, in 1968, Bird grows up as the only daughter in the Whitman family, while her father visits Snow twice a month. Bird discovers a series of letters Snow wrote to her mother in which she begs to be able to come home and","title":"Boy, Snow, Bird"},{"docid":"16425830","text":"Snow White: A Deadly Summer Snow White: A Deadly Summer is a 2012 horror film directed by David DeCoteau and starring Shanley Caswell, Maureen McCormick, and Eric Roberts. The film was released straight to DVD and digital download on March 20, 2012. Eve doesn't like her stepdaughter Snow getting in her way of being fully loved by her husband. Snow's stepmother talks to a reflection of herself which tells her what to do. With her reflection's persistence, Eve sends Snow to a camp for juvenile delinquents where they are killed off. As they are killed off Snow has dreams that","title":"Snow White: A Deadly Summer"},{"docid":"10903109","text":"Heartbroken, they place her in a glass casket. The prince finds Snow White lying in her glass casket and asks the dwarfs if she could be taken to his castle, for he hopes to find someone to revive her. When his servants lift Snow White out of the casket, a piece of poisoned apple falls from Snow White's mouth and she awakens. Upon learning that Snow White is alive, the Evil Queen flies into a terrible rage and begins smashing all her mirrors. When she tries to smash her magic mirror, it comes to life and traps her in its","title":"Snow White (1995 film)"},{"docid":"1393946","text":"issued a trademark to Disney Enterprises, Inc. for the name \"Snow White\" that covers all live and recorded movie, television, radio, stage, computer, Internet, news, and photographic entertainment uses, excluding literary works of fiction and nonfiction. Erin Heys' \"Religious Symbols\" article at the website \"Religion & Snow White\" analyzes the use of numerous symbols in the story, their implications, and their Christian interpretations, such as the colours red, white, and black; the apple; the number seven; and resurrection. Snow White \"Snow White\" is a 19th-century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"1393931","text":"to accept it, so the queen cuts the apple in half, eating the white (harmless) half and giving the red poisoned half to Snow White; the girl eagerly takes a bite and falls into a state of suspended animation, causing the Queen to triumph. This time, the dwarfs are unable to revive Snow White. Assuming that she is dead, they place her in a glass casket. Some time later, a prince stumbles upon Snow White lying in her glass coffin during a hunting trip. After hearing her story from the seven dwarfs, the Prince is allowed to take Snow White","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"18438651","text":"the Evil Queen to eliminate Snow White. This plan fails when Snow White's friend Klaus buys Snow White enough time to get away. When the Huntsman goes after Snow White, he is attacked by a wild boar and knocked off the cliff into the forest below. In the four-part comic \"Muppet Snow White\" as part of \"The Muppet Show\" comics, the Huntsman is played by Sweetums. The Evil Queen (played by Miss Piggy) orders the Huntsman to kill Snow White (played by Spamela Hamderson). But the Huntsman refuses to kill Snow White, tells her that the Queen wants her dead,","title":"Huntsman (Snow White)"},{"docid":"17055416","text":"Grimm's Snow White Grimm's Snow White is a 2012 American fantasy film produced by The Asylum and directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg. Loosely based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"Snow White\", the film stars Jane March, Eliza Bennett and Jamie Thomas King. The Evil Queen Gwendolyn takes over the Kingdom following the death of the King. To ensure her place, she attempts to kill Snow White, her beautiful stepdaughter, who escapes into an enchanted forest. \"Grim's Snow White\" was released on video-on-demand and DVD February 14, 2012, several months ahead of Universal's \"Snow White and the Huntsman\". Grimmm's Snow","title":"Grimm's Snow White"},{"docid":"8433764","text":"at hand. This shook her faith in the Wolf and she refused to discuss it with him for some time. After Bigby's last minute return saved the day during the Battle of Fabletown, she realized that she truly did love him. With the arrival of their children, however, a new problem appeared. Only one of the six children looked fully human, meaning that they could not possibly stay in Fabletown and would have to move up to the Farm, where Bigby was banned from going. Bigby tried to persuade Snow to come and live with him and their children out","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"829129","text":"by her apparent death, he kisses her, which breaks the spell and awakens her. The dwarfs and animals all rejoice as the Prince takes Snow White to his castle. Development on \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" began in early 1934, and in June 1934, Walt Disney announced the production of his first feature, to be released under Walt Disney Productions, to \"The New York Times\". One evening that same year, Disney acted out the entire story of \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" to his staff, announcing that the film would be produced as a feature-length film. Before \"Snow","title":"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)"},{"docid":"1393929","text":"in while they are working in the mountains. Meanwhile, the queen, believing that Snow White is dead, asks her mirror once again: \"Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?\" The mirror tells her that Snow White is still the fairest in the land. The queen is furious when she learns that Snow White is still alive because of the huntsman, and decides to kill the girl herself with three attempts. First, the queen appears at the dwarfs' cottage, disguised as an old peddler, and offers Snow White colorful, silky laced bodices as a present; the","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"17332334","text":"per the movie, it told the Queen that Snow White was now much fairer than the vain ruler. However, it added on that her heart was a pure light than shone bright. It was then promised by the Evil Queen usage by Terra to find Master Xehanort if he brought her Snow White's heart. However, he did not do so and told the Evil Queen he never intended to. Terra then proceeds to tell her that unlike Snow White, she has much darkness in her heart. The Evil Queen, insulted and outraged, commanded the mirror to destroy Terra. The Magic","title":"Magic Mirror (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18878587","text":"did appear in the live-action musical adaption of the film. Unlike the movie itself, the King appeared in the musical adaptation. At the start of the show, the Evil Queen notices how much he loves Snow White. Rather than sharing a first dance with him, the Evil Queen lies to the King saying that she must arrange for the safety of the rest of her subjects back to her homeland in order instead. The King is later seen in the second act where he is very worried about Snow White, but the Prince and Huntsman tell him of the Evil","title":"King (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18438647","text":"Huntsman (Snow White) The Huntsman is a fictional character in \"Snow White\". When the Evil Queen had learned from her Magic Mirror that Snow White will be the fairest of them all, she orders an unnamed Huntsman to take Snow White into the deepest woods to be killed. As proof that Snow White is dead, the Queen demands that he return with her lungs and liver. The Huntsman takes Snow White into the forest. But after raising his knife, he fails to kill her as she sobs heavily and begs him not to. The huntsman leaves her behind alive convinced","title":"Huntsman (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18438649","text":"to kill Snow White. After revealing the Queen wants her dead, he tearfully begs for her forgiveness. The huntsman urges her to flee into the woods and never come back to the castle. When the Evil Queen shows the Magic Mirror the heart in the jewelled box as the proof she holds of Snow White's death, the Magic Mirror reveals that the heart in the box is a pig's heart, causing the Queen to take matters into her own hands. The huntsman does not appear again afterwards in the film. In \"The 7 Dwarfs and King Arbor's Crystal\" comic that","title":"Huntsman (Snow White)"},{"docid":"6822407","text":"first official implementation, the Apple IIc, does not represent the complete set of design elements, while the Macintosh II includes all of them. Later, the Macintosh LC began to phase out some of the design elements. Apple products designed in the Snow White theme (all used the “Platinum” gray color scheme except as noted): Most Apple Displays introduced between 1984 and 1994 also used Snow White, except those specifically designed to match the Apple II series. All Apple ADB keyboards and mice introduced between 1986 and 1993 were Snow White designs. Both the 100- and 200-series PowerBooks and accessories were","title":"Snow White design language"},{"docid":"17055417","text":"White received mixed reviews from audiences and critics alike. Grimm's Snow White Grimm's Snow White is a 2012 American fantasy film produced by The Asylum and directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg. Loosely based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \"Snow White\", the film stars Jane March, Eliza Bennett and Jamie Thomas King. The Evil Queen Gwendolyn takes over the Kingdom following the death of the King. To ensure her place, she attempts to kill Snow White, her beautiful stepdaughter, who escapes into an enchanted forest. \"Grim's Snow White\" was released on video-on-demand and DVD February 14, 2012, several months ahead","title":"Grimm's Snow White"},{"docid":"12203712","text":"Snow White helped appear to save Snow White. Snow White even apologizes in front of everybody. Her father responds, \"I just want my daughter back,\" as the crowd awes. Angry that everybody accepts Snow White's apology and ruined the wedding, Lady Vain uses the Magic Mirror to zap Snow White. But the attack is reflected back to the mirror, breaking the spell of Lady Vain's beauty, making her ugly again. Before the guards can take Lady Vain away, Snow White goes to her and tells her, \"You don't need the magic mirror to be beautiful.\" The Seven Dwarves come to","title":"Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White—Another Bite @ the Apple"},{"docid":"9496060","text":"Snow White 2 \"Snow White 2\" is a special episode of the award-winning British comedy television series \"The Goodies\". This episode is also known as \"Pantomime\" and \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". This episode was made by LWT for ITV. Written by The Goodies, with songs and music by Bill Oddie. Just when you thought it was safe to go back to the pantomime ... The Goodies live next door to \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". When \"Snow White\" runs away with a handsome prince, she arranges for the dwarfs to be garden gnomes. When only four of","title":"Snow White 2"},{"docid":"18878586","text":"King (Snow White) The King is a character in \"Snow White\". The unnamed King is the biological father of Snow White and the husband of the First Queen (the Queen that appeared in the beginning of the story). After the First Queen died whilst giving birth to Snow White, the King remarried a beautiful yet jealous woman who later became known as the Evil Queen. His fate is left unknown as he is never mentioned again after his marriage to the Evil Queen throughout the entire story. While the King didn't appear in \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", he","title":"King (Snow White)"},{"docid":"8433759","text":"was the first to allow the Wolf to taste her flesh. Snow, Rose and their fellow prisoners were escorted to the cave and escaped through into the mundane world, arriving in approximately the year 1450. Snow was part of the Fabletown government from the moment the small community was set up in New York City, then known as New Amsterdam. Because of their previous meeting, two hundred years earlier, it was Snow who was sent to Carpathia to ask the Big Bad Wolf to join them, carrying the lycanthropy-stained knife that would give him the ability to shapeshift and come","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"13089373","text":"suggestion made the album.\" The song was recorded in one take during two weeks of recording sessions in Fez, Morocco in 2007, though it received some minor editing in the final sessions in December 2008. At this time, it was taken out of the 'Maybe' pile to balance out the rockier tunes present earlier on, with bassist Adam Clayton noting that \"it gave the listener a break.\" Bono noted that, with the exception of \"White as Snow\", the band had tried to keep the theme of war out of the album. \"White as Snow\" runs for 4:41 (4 minutes, 41","title":"White as Snow (song)"},{"docid":"12590110","text":"later recalled, \"Ham's careful planning and shooting of the live-action footage, always with the idea in mind of how it would be used in animation, resulted in a very convincing character.\" Originally, Disney could not find what they thought was a suitable voice for Snow White. Around 150 girls auditioned for the role of Snow White, including well-known actresses such as Deanna Durbin, whose voice seemed too old to Disney. One assistant to Disney called music teacher Guido Caselotti, complaining that Hollywood had no singing girls. Caselotti wanted to offer to send their best to listen to the students, but","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"19156860","text":"manner more faithful to the original Brothers Grimm story. Gag translated the text from the German and designed the illustrations. The book is printed in white and black. The cover depicts a young girl with black hair looking out the window of a small red house. A queen, used to being \"the fairest one of all\", is turned green with envy when her magic mirror says that her seven-year-old stepdaughter, Snow White, is now the fairest one of all. With fury the queen demands a huntsman to take Snow White into the woods, kill her, and bring back a token","title":"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)"},{"docid":"7227492","text":"White, the daughter of the original Snow White aided by the seven giants, to defeat her once-and-for-all and save the kingdom. After vanquishing the Wicked Queen, the new queen, Snow White and her husband King Charming are now the rulers of the land of Noel. They have a young daughter, also named Snow White for her snow-white hair. The royal family decides to host a Christmas winter sports festival. One of the participants is Grunyon, a bumbling dwarf and a friend of the young Snow White. Snow White says her Christmas wish is to build a playhouse for all the","title":"A Snow White Christmas"},{"docid":"7578098","text":"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"15271068","text":"\"uncomplicated\" Snow White. Snow White: The Sequel Snow White: The Sequel () is a 2007 Belgian/French/British X-rated animated film directed by Picha. It is based on the fairy tale of Snow White and intended as a sequel to Disney's classic animated adaptation. However, like all of Picha's cartoons, the film is actually a sex comedy featuring a lot of bawdy jokes and sex scenes. It wasn't the first pornographic animated adaptation of Snow White. Already in 1973 an 11-minute short cartoon called \"Snow White and the Seven Perverts\" was made in Germany. Prince Charming was supposed to live long and","title":"Snow White: The Sequel"},{"docid":"14991522","text":"White as Snow (film) White as Snow () is a 2010 Turkish drama film written and directed by Selim Güneş based on the short story \"Ayran\" by Sabahattin Ali, which tells the story of a 9-year-old boy who must care for his younger siblings by selling hot drinks to weary winter travelers. The film was selected for the 46th Chicago International Film Festival and the 47th International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, where it premiered. Hasan is a twelve-year-old boy living with his two younger siblings in a mountain village in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea region, struggling to survive. The","title":"White as Snow (film)"},{"docid":"4568640","text":"of Scientology and had to undergo rehabilitation in order to resume their upper level training in the church. Operation Snow White extended to Canada and resulted in legal proceedings against the Church. By 1990, all eleven defendants in Operation Snow White were free. Operation Snow White Operation Snow White was a criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This project included a series of infiltrations into and thefts from 136 government agencies, foreign embassies and consulates, as well as private organizations critical of Scientology, carried","title":"Operation Snow White"},{"docid":"18878595","text":"entire kingdom with a real army of soldiers. In \"Ever After High\", the King was referred to as the Good King. With the Evil Queen, he fathered Raven Queen. King (Snow White) The King is a character in \"Snow White\". The unnamed King is the biological father of Snow White and the husband of the First Queen (the Queen that appeared in the beginning of the story). After the First Queen died whilst giving birth to Snow White, the King remarried a beautiful yet jealous woman who later became known as the Evil Queen. His fate is left unknown as","title":"King (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18438655","text":"for helping him remember who he truly was. The Huntsman is one of the two title characters in the film \"Snow White and the Huntsman\", played by Chris Hemsworth. Eric is a huntsman whose wife, Sara, was seemingly killed while he was fighting in a war. After Snow White escapes into the Dark Forest, Queen Ravenna and her brother Finn make a bargain with Eric the Huntsman to capture Snow White, promising to bring his wife back to life in exchange. The Huntsman tracks down Snow White, but when Finn reveals that Ravenna does not actually have the power to","title":"Huntsman (Snow White)"},{"docid":"18199659","text":"cameos such as the \"Snow White\" characters. Fantasy television series \"Once Upon a Time\" regularly include live-action interpretations of characters including Snow White, the Evil Queen, the Huntsman, the Prince, the Mirror, and Grumpy (including the other dwarves as smaller characters). Snow White appeared in the 27th episode of the American animated television series \"Sofia the First\", \"The Enchanted Feast\". The series features characters from the Disney Princess franchise. \"The 7D\" is a Disney animated series centering on the Seven Dwarfs from \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". The series premiered on July 7, 2014 on Disney XD. The Seven","title":"Snow White (franchise)"},{"docid":"7922448","text":"to turn around, which would have let her enchant her. Snow-White-Fire-Red threw down the yarn, and each ball impeded and injured her until she cursed the prince to forget Snow-White-Fire-Red as soon as his mother kissed him, and the ogress died. The lovers went on, and the prince told Snow-White-Fire-Red that he would get her suitable clothing to appear at court. He forbade his mother to kiss him, but she came into his bedroom at night and kissed him while he slept, and he forgot Snow-White-Fire-Red. An old woman took pity on Snow-White-Fire-Red and took her home. Snow-White-Fire-Red made marvelous","title":"Snow-White-Fire-Red"},{"docid":"7578084","text":"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"15271066","text":"Snow White: The Sequel Snow White: The Sequel () is a 2007 Belgian/French/British X-rated animated film directed by Picha. It is based on the fairy tale of Snow White and intended as a sequel to Disney's classic animated adaptation. However, like all of Picha's cartoons, the film is actually a sex comedy featuring a lot of bawdy jokes and sex scenes. It wasn't the first pornographic animated adaptation of Snow White. Already in 1973 an 11-minute short cartoon called \"Snow White and the Seven Perverts\" was made in Germany. Prince Charming was supposed to live long and happily with Snow","title":"Snow White: The Sequel"},{"docid":"12590112","text":"Snow White to be heard anywhere else. Instead, she received $970 (now worth approximately $). Actress and dancer JoAnn Dean Killingsworth became the first person to portray Snow White at Disneyland in 1955. She was hired to play Snow White for Disneyland's opening on July 17, 1955. Killingsworth's Snow White was the only Disney Princess to have own float during Disneyland's first parade down Main Street, U.S.A. on opening day. Since Killingsworth's 1955 debut as Snow White, more than 100 actresses have played the character at Disneyland. Snow White's Scary Adventures is a dark ride dedicated to the princess and","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"18011390","text":"the mystery of Miki Shirono. The film earned (US$8,646,060) in Japan. Patryk Czekaj, in a review on Twitch Film, called the film \"one of the most compelling crime thrillers to come out of Japan in the last few years\". The Snow White Murder Case Yuji Akahoshi (Gou Ayano) receives a phone call from an old high school friend, Risako Kano (Misako Renbutsu). She tells him that her co-worker at a cosmetics company was stabbed to death and then doused in flames. Yuji Akahoshi decides to interview workers at the company and others that knew the victim, Noriko Miki (Nanao), for","title":"The Snow White Murder Case"},{"docid":"17247248","text":"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"docid":"13089375","text":"Crystal Ship\" crossed with an Appalachian ballad.\" \"Uncut\" labelled it as \"the most modest and most affecting track on the record, and one of the best things Bono has ever sung.\" \"Time Out\" called it \"the absolute highlight without any doubt\" of the album, while \"The Guardian\" referred to it as \"unadorned, evocative and suggestive\", commenting that \"you don't even have to know what it's about to feel its quiet power or sense its sadness\". \"Mojo\" had a more negative impression of the song, stating \"the music is as lumpy as the words.\" \"White as Snow\" appears as the fourth","title":"White as Snow (song)"},{"docid":"11199600","text":"of mankind, only to return and find it worse. It takes a departure from the dark and depressive lyrical content of their previous albums for a much more science fiction oriented feel. Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \"Did Tomorrow Come...\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \"Will Tomorrow Come?\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and","title":"Did Tomorrow Come..."},{"docid":"11199599","text":"Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \"Did Tomorrow Come...\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \"Will Tomorrow Come?\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and Death metal elements than in their earlier works. The album is a concept album about a time traveller who goes back and forth through time in order to prevent the dystopian future","title":"Did Tomorrow Come..."},{"docid":"4209955","text":"came out in songs like \"Come Out and Play.\"Inspiration for the \"keep 'em separated\" lyric came from Dexter Holland's experience in a laboratory cooling Erlenmeyer flasks full of hot liquids. \"Come Out and Play\" was the first Offspring song for which a music video was created. The music video, directed by Darren Lavett, was shot in May 1994 and debuted on MTV in the summer of that year. The video is almost entirely in black-and-white with sepia tone segments, and features the band performing the song in the garage of a house with tinfoil covering the walls. There is also","title":"Come Out and Play (song)"},{"docid":"8433755","text":"Snow out of vengeance for getting everything they dreamed of as little girls, Rose spent weeks seducing Charming and eventually goads Charming into sleeping with her, ruining the marriage and driving a wedge between the two sisters. Devastated after this revelation, Snow divorces Charming and is subsequently hardened because of the experience. Where Snow was when the Adversary's forces began their systematic assault on the Homelands is unknown. What is known is that she seemingly remained in nobility, perhaps taking control over the Evil Queen's lands, and she joined with Rose in leaving their home and journeyed to a distant","title":"Snow White (Fables)"},{"docid":"18964821","text":"snow up they threatened to come to the navy yard after commodore Hull.\" But they did not come that night and the next day Commodore Hull received orders from the navy department from the Hon Secretary of the Navy Mr Levy Woodbury Levi Woodbury to fortify the yard\" After breaking up his restaurant, the mechanics drank all Snows stock of whiskey and champagne. However, the white rioters were unable to locate Snow and he made his escape. In the capital though mobs of whites still continued to attack all establishments run by free blacks: schools, churches and businesses. The strike","title":"Snow Riot"},{"docid":"9764954","text":"allow her to stay with them. The King is heartbroken when he is told that Snow White had been eaten by wild animals, and later he is killed in battle. 10 years later, Snow White (Sarah Patterson) grows into a beautiful young maiden. When the Evil Queen asks the magic mirror \"who is the fairest one of all\", she learns that Snow White is still alive. The Evil Queen decides to kill Snow White with three attempts. First, she disguises herself as a gypsy woman and laces up Snow White in a tight bodice, only for the dwarfs to cut","title":"Snow White (1987 film)"},{"docid":"12590101","text":"Snow White (Disney character) Snow White is a fictional character and a main character from Walt Disney Productions' first animated feature film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\". The character of Snow White was derived from a fairy tale known from many countries in Europe, the best-known version being the Bavarian one collected by the Brothers Grimm. Snow White is the first Disney Princess and the first fictional female character with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Originally voiced by Adriana Caselotti, she has also been voiced by Jane Powell, Ilene Woods, Dorothy Warenskjold, Mary Kay Bergman, Carolyn","title":"Snow White (Disney character)"},{"docid":"829115","text":"Snow-White (1933 film) Snow-White, also known as Betty Boop in Snow-White, is a film in the \"Betty Boop\" series from Max Fleischer's Fleischer Studios directed in 1933. Dave Fleischer was credited as director, although virtually all the animation was done by Roland Crandall. Crandall received the opportunity to make \"Snow-White\" on his own as a reward for his several years of devotion to the Fleischer studio, and the resulting film is considered both his masterwork and an important milestone of The Golden Age of American animation. \"Snow-White\" took Crandall six months to complete. A magic mirror, with a face resembling","title":"Snow-White (1933 film)"},{"docid":"1393940","text":"bring back Snow White’s heart. While the heart is mentioned, it is never shown in the box. Snow White is much more mature (about 14). And she is discovered by the dwarfs after \"cleaning\" the house, not vandalizing it. Furthermore, in the Disney movie the evil queen tries only once to kill Snow White (by a poisoned apple) and fails (this was likely to save time). She then dies by falling down a cliff and being crushed by a boulder, after the dwarfs had chased her through the forest. In the original, the queen is forced to dance to death.","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"1393938","text":"lived. This mirror was presumably a present from Maria Sophia’s father to his second wife. It was a product of the Lohr Mirror Manufacture (Kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur). The principal studies of traditional \"Snow White\" variants are Ernst Böklen's, \"Schneewittchenstudien\" of 1910, which (re)prints fifty Snow White variants, and studies by Steven Swann Jones. In their first edition, the Brothers Grimm published the version they had first collected, in which the villain of the piece is Snow White's jealous \"biological\" mother. In a version sent to another folklorist prior to the first edition, additionally, she does not order a servant to take","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"8992696","text":"restore her rank. The court huntsman and direct subject to the sovereign and, that is, the Queen, he is obliged to take the heart of the young princess back to Chrystal, but, before he could decide not to do the deed, he saves Snow White from a ravaging black bear and tells her what her stepmothers’ plans are and advises her to go into hiding. Afterwards he himself retires to the countryside and occasionally comes across Snow White and her friends and helps them with their matters at hand. The chief of the dwarf coven and the eldest and wisest","title":"The Legend of Snow White"},{"docid":"7227497","text":"The Magic Mirror, revealed as the source of the Queen's power, is shattered and the demons vanish as she herself evaporates into nothingness. With the Wicked Queen's demise, the curse she has placed over the kingdom is broken, causing the ice statues to revert to people. Grunyon and the Giants bring Snow White home to her parents in a rose-filled coffin. They kiss Snow White's cheeks and she awakens, and everyone rejoices. Brawny also tells that he and the other giants built a castle for the children while Snow White was asleep. A Snow White Christmas A Snow White Christmas","title":"A Snow White Christmas"},{"docid":"9764953","text":"White (Nicola Stapleton). When her magic mirror tells her that Snow White is now the fairest in the land, the Evil Queen orders a huntsman (Amnon Meskin) to take Snow White into the forest and kill her, and to bring back her liver as proof of her death. During a hunting trip, the huntsman succeeds in taking Snow White away from her father, but Snow White, realizing her stepmother's plan to destroy her, manages to escape into the forest where she finds a cottage belonging to seven kindly dwarfs - Iddy, Biddy, Kiddy, Diddy, Fiddy, Giddy and Liddy - who","title":"Snow White (1987 film)"},{"docid":"14991524","text":"post, a place he doesn’t want to go to... The film premiered in competition at the 47th Antalya \"Golden Orange\" International Film Festival on October 12, 2010, at 14:30, in the AKM Aspendos Saloon. White as Snow (film) White as Snow () is a 2010 Turkish drama film written and directed by Selim Güneş based on the short story \"Ayran\" by Sabahattin Ali, which tells the story of a 9-year-old boy who must care for his younger siblings by selling hot drinks to weary winter travelers. The film was selected for the 46th Chicago International Film Festival and the 47th","title":"White as Snow (film)"},{"docid":"7347814","text":"What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested","title":"What Kate Did"},{"docid":"1393945","text":"and the Royals that their destinies will be fine. Many later versions omit the Queen's attempted cannibalism, eating what she believed to be the lungs and liver of Snow White. This may be a reference to old Slavic mythology which includes tales of witches eating human hearts. \"Descendants\" character Evie is the cheerful yet flirtatious daughter of the Evil Queen. Many other variations of the story exist across and outside Europe. In some of these variations the dwarfs are robbers, while the magic mirror is a dialogue with the sun or moon. In 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"1393928","text":"of their wine, and then tests all the beds. Finally, the last bed is comfortable enough for her and she falls asleep. When the dwarfs return home, they immediately become aware that there is a burglar in their house, because everything in their home is in disorder. Prowling about frantically, they head upstairs and discover the sleeping Snow White. She wakes up and explains to them what happened, and the dwarfs take pity on her and let her stay with them in exchange for housekeeping. They warn her to be careful when alone at home and to let no one","title":"Snow White"},{"docid":"18787754","text":"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It","title":"What I Did Right"},{"docid":"7578085","text":"up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern","title":"What Katy Did"},{"docid":"16918902","text":"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the","title":"What Richard Did"},{"docid":"16918894","text":"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in","title":"What Richard Did"},{"docid":"11856928","text":"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in","title":"What Hetty Did"},{"docid":"11856925","text":"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward","title":"What Hetty Did"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393927\",\n \"text\": \"forest, but after raising his knife, he finds himself unable to kill her when Snow White finds out about her stepmother's plan, tearfully begging \\\"Spare me this mockery of justice! I will run away into the forest and never come home again!\\\". Eventually, the huntsman reluctantly agrees to spare Snow White and lets her go, bringing the queen the heart of a wild animal instead. After wandering through the forest for hours, Snow White discovers a tiny cottage belonging to a group of seven dwarfs. Since no one is at home, she eats some of the tiny meals, drinks some\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393932\",\n \"text\": \"to her proper resting place. Suddenly, while Snow White is being transported by the prince, one of his servants trips and loses his balance. This caused the piece of poisoned apple to dislodge from Snow White's throat, reviving her. Instantly, the prince is overjoyed that Snow White magically revived herself, declaring his love for her; immediately, he proposes to her, and Snow White agrees to marry him. Snow White and the prince invite everyone to come to their wedding party, including Snow White's stepmother. Meanwhile, the queen, still believing that Snow White is dead, again asks her magic mirror who\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13026097\",\n \"text\": \"I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day is an album by Julie Doiron, released on March 10, 2009. Recorded at the home studio of Rick White, the album's producer and Doiron's onetime bandmate in Eric's Trip, the album is more rock-oriented than Doiron's other solo albums, revisiting the sound and style of Eric's Trip. The album's first single, \\\"Consolation Prize\\\", was released to radio in early February. Alternate versions of the songs \\\"Heavy Snow\\\" and \\\"Nice to Come Home\\\" were released on a split 7\\\" single in May 2009.\",\n \"title\": \"I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10903108\",\n \"text\": \"around Snow White's neck, which makes her unable to breathe. However, the Dwarfs come home and untie the laces, saving Snow White's life. The second time the Evil Queen goes disguised as old man and puts a poison comb in Snow White's hair, but the Dwarfs come to Snow White's rescue once again. The third time the Evil Queen is disguised as a little girl selling apples. She offers Snow White half of a poisoned apple, and when Snow White bites into it, she falls to the ground, seemingly dead. This time, the dwarfs are unable to save Snow White.\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (1995 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11266176\",\n \"text\": \"the difficult decision to put her down. Snow White (horse) Snow White (foaled 22 January 2005, euthanized 2 July 2009) was a champion Standardbred harness racehorse. She was sired by Self Possessed, out of Moms Millionaire, a Pine Chip mare. The filly was owned by North State Street Stable, Harness The Power, and Jerry Silva. As of 24 November 2007, Snow White earned $1,251,151 and had a mark of 1:52.4, a world record for two-year-old trotters, regardless of sex. Snow White was well known not only for her wins in the 2007 Breeder's Crown, 2007 Goldsmith Maid, and 2007 Oakville\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (horse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11266174\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (horse) Snow White (foaled 22 January 2005, euthanized 2 July 2009) was a champion Standardbred harness racehorse. She was sired by Self Possessed, out of Moms Millionaire, a Pine Chip mare. The filly was owned by North State Street Stable, Harness The Power, and Jerry Silva. As of 24 November 2007, Snow White earned $1,251,151 and had a mark of 1:52.4, a world record for two-year-old trotters, regardless of sex. Snow White was well known not only for her wins in the 2007 Breeder's Crown, 2007 Goldsmith Maid, and 2007 Oakville Stakes, but for her winning margins in\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (horse)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17332348\",\n \"text\": \"through a hole). This mirror, as did all of the Queen's (Vanessa Redgrave) other mirrors, turned black as she found out that Snow White was alive. The Magic Mirror appears in the \\\"Snow White\\\" episode of \\\"Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics\\\". It is kept in a cabinet in the Evil Queen's chambers. Like the story, the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that she was the fairest of them all until the day when Snow White came of age. In this version when the Magic Mirror told the Evil Queen that the Seven Dwarfs freed Snow White from the deadly laces\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Mirror (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433782\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (Fables) Snow White is a major character in the comic book series \\\"Fables\\\". Her character is based on two myths recorded by the Brothers Grimm, \\\"Snow-White and Rose-Red\\\" and the more famous \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarves\\\". Snow was born in a small cottage and lived there with her younger twin sister Rose Red. In their youth, they were inseparable, swearing to each other that nothing would ever come between them. One day, a bear knocks on their house and asks to let him stay with them. They let them in and he stays through the entire\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433744\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (Fables) Snow White is a major character in the comic book series \\\"Fables\\\". Her character is based on two myths recorded by the Brothers Grimm, \\\"Snow-White and Rose-Red\\\" and the more famous \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarves\\\". Snow was born in a small cottage and lived there with her younger twin sister Rose Red. In their youth, they were inseparable, swearing to each other that nothing would ever come between them. One day, a bear knocks on their house and asks to let him stay with them. They let them in and he stays through the entire\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6822404\",\n \"text\": \"printed onto its surface—was included on nearly every product for several years. In 1982, Apple officials looked outside the company and indeed the country for a designer who could help them establish the firm as a world-class company. Snow White refers to the seven projects code-named after the Seven Dwarves on which the new design language was to be applied. Several designers were courted by Apple under the Snow White project to see what they would come up with for the seven products (of which there were actually eight). The winner ultimately was Esslinger and the resulting style assumed the\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White design language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10238621\",\n \"text\": \"see during the whiteout conditions. Coaches and commentators had difficulty seeing the field. Between plays, grounds crew workers swept snow off the lines marking the field. Dennard described catching the football, \\\"I think it was pretty close to 20-below. It was snowing—you could barely see past 15 yards. All you knew is coming out of the mist of the snow and the white mist, you would see the ball come out of the white. You knew what the route was and you knew the direction of the ball.\\\" Snow Bowl (1985) The Snow Bowl was a National Football League game\",\n \"title\": \"Snow Bowl (1985)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7922446\",\n \"text\": \"breaking the pitcher. She cursed him to be unable to marry until he found Snow-White-Fire-Red. When he grew up, he remembered this and set out. One night he slept in a great plain where there was a large house. In the morning, he saw an ogress come and call to Snow-White-Fire-Red to let down her hair. When the ogress left, he called to her, and she, thinking it was her mother (as she called the ogress), let down her hair. He climbed it and told her his tale. She told him the ogress would eat him, and so she hid\",\n \"title\": \"Snow-White-Fire-Red\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9628671\",\n \"text\": \"of the earliest of the series, [this is] one of the first times we see the different personalities in Spectrum come out\\\". White as Snow (Captain Scarlet) \\\"White as Snow\\\" is the sixth episode of \\\"Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons\\\", a British 1960s Supermarionation television series created by Gerry and Sylvia Anderson. Written by Peter Curran and David Williams and directed by Robert Lynn, it was first broadcast on on ATV Midlands. In this episode, the Mysterons, announcing that they intend to assassinate Colonel White, almost succeed in crashing a reconstructed space satellite into Cloudbase. They make another attempt on\",\n \"title\": \"White as Snow (Captain Scarlet)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590104\",\n \"text\": \"her that it is the Queen in disguise. Snow White bites into the apple and falls into a coma. Upon discovering what had happened, the dwarfs track down the Queen; a short fight ensues and the Queen is killed. Believing her dead too, the dwarfs build an open grave for Snow White to rest on. Time passes and the Prince comes across Snow White. Saddened by her apparent death, he kisses her, causing her to awaken. As the Seven Dwarfs dance with joy, Snow White and the Prince go off to live together happily ever after. Snow White is a\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8992694\",\n \"text\": \"forever. A young and beautiful girl, Snow White lives happy until war breaks out in the kingdom and her father is forced to leave her in the care of her then-loving stepmother. Not long time would come to pass until her stepmother would force her away from the castle. Ruling over a small neighbouring kingdom, she comes to the Emerald Valley in order to marry King Conrad and to raise his daughter, the young Snow White. She is famed for her beauty, which she desperately worships above anything else and she would stop at nothing to rest the fairest woman\",\n \"title\": \"The Legend of Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9496062\",\n \"text\": \"a large palace, they have to wait on the princes and princesses (including \\\"Snow White\\\", \\\"Cinderella\\\" and \\\"Sleeping Beauty\\\"), following which they are thrown on the scrapheap with Buttons, the ugly sisters and other pantomime characters played by men. The Goodies rebel against their position and are able to win out against the odds. The Seven Dwarfs Princesses / Princes This episode has been released on DVD. Snow White 2 \\\"Snow White 2\\\" is a special episode of the award-winning British comedy television series \\\"The Goodies\\\". This episode is also known as \\\"Pantomime\\\" and \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6822408\",\n \"text\": \"intended to tie into the rest of the Apple desktop products using the corporate Snow White design language. However, the light colors and decorative recessed lines did not seem appropriate for the scaled-down designs. In addition to adopting the darker grey color scheme which co-ordinated with the official corporate look, they also adopted a raised series of ridges mimicking the indented lines on the desktops. These early PowerBooks would be the last to use the aging Snow White look and the only ones to make such a radical adaptation of it. Snow White design language The Snow White design language\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White design language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433754\",\n \"text\": \"best kept unsaid. Charming suggests that Snow might like to invite Rose Red to live with them, observing that she presumably no longer needed to take her long rides alone. (Snow White later looks at her quest for vengeance with regret, claiming it was ultimately unsatisfying and may have planted the seeds of mistrust in her first marriage.) Snow asks Rose to come and live with them, but the damage to their relationship was already done. Rose believed that Snow was part of her mother's conspiracy in faking her death and felt abandoned and betrayed by her sister. To punish\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18878593\",\n \"text\": \"killing her and Snow White sees that it wears a necklace with a moon charm on it similar to the one the Queen wears. She cuts the chain with her father's dagger and the Beast suddenly becomes engulfed in light. The Beast turns out to be Snow White's father who has no memory of the last ten years. Grateful to Prince Alcott for his assistance, the King agrees to let him marry Snow White. In \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\", the King is known and named as King Magnus and is portrayed by Noah Huntley. King Magnus ruled the Kingdom\",\n \"title\": \"King (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18438656\",\n \"text\": \"do what she promised, the Huntsman fights him and his men while Snow White runs away. Throughout the film, Eric becomes Snow White's ally in the fight against Queen Ravenna. His allegiance slowly becomes both absolute (after finding himself smitten by the same purity in the princess that he loved in his wife) and resolute (after the revelation of the Queen's duplicity having been the cause of the death of his wife). The Huntsman is the title character in the film \\\"\\\" (which is a prequel to \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\"). Chris Hemsworth reprises his role as Eric the\",\n \"title\": \"Huntsman (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393925\",\n \"text\": \"names Snow White, but the queen dies in childbirth a short while later. A year later, Snow White's father, the king, marries again. His new wife is very beautiful, but she is a vain and wicked woman. The new queen possesses a magic mirror, which she asks every morning, \\\"Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?\\\" The mirror always tells the queen that she is the fairest. The queen is always pleased with that, because the magic mirror never lies. But as Snow White grows up, she becomes more beautiful each day and even more\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590120\",\n \"text\": \"Queen than Snow White. \\\"The Washington Post\\\"'s Desson Howe wrote, \\\"the spirit in the mirror is dead wrong: The Wicked Queen ... is the fairest in the land\\\" while Snow White lacks \\\"real estate.\\\" \\\"Time Out\\\" opined, \\\"Snow White herself might be felt to be almost unbearably winsome.\\\" Snow White's big role is in \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" where she plays a young princess who tries and escape her evil stepmother. The character won many awards for her role like the Grand Biennale Art Trophy from the Venice Film Festival, the New York Film Critics Circle, and the\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8992691\",\n \"text\": \"puppy, a cat and a dove. Soon, Queen Isabelle falls ill and dies, after which Lady Chrystal takes her place, who turns out to be not only an evil, selfish, ambitious woman, she also indulges in the black art of sorcery. After the king's departure, she makes life difficult for Snow White, although Prince Richard did a bit to liven up the life of the young princess. Later, when the evil Queen makes an attempt to kill Snow White due to her famed beauty, the little girl ends up in a cosy little cottage, house to seven dwarfs who eventually\",\n \"title\": \"The Legend of Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393930\",\n \"text\": \"queen laces her up so tightly that Snow White faints, but the dwarfs return just in time, and Snow White revives when the dwarfs loosen the laces. Next, the queen dresses as a comb seller and convinces Snow White to take a beautiful comb as a present; she brushes Snow White's hair with the poisoned comb and the girl faints again, but she is again revived by the dwarfs when they remove the comb from her hair. Last, the queen, disguising herself as a poor woman, offers Snow White a poisoned apple to her; at first Snow White is hesitant\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"829150\",\n \"text\": \"a three-dimensional feeling in many sequences and was also used to give a rotating effect in the scene where the Queen transforms into a witch. The songs in \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" were composed by Frank Churchill and Larry Morey. Paul J. Smith and Leigh Harline composed the incidental music score. Well-known songs from \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" include \\\"Heigh-Ho\\\", \\\"Some Day My Prince Will Come\\\", and \\\"Whistle While You Work\\\". Since Disney did not have its own music publishing company at the time, the publishing rights for the music and songs were administered through Bourne\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590118\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"never again would Walt's heroine have such a fantasy singing voice, and for that reason, she's the favorite heroine of many animation auteurs.\\\" Calling Snow White a \\\"fairy-tale princess,\\\" Otis Ferguson of \\\"The New Republic \\\"simply described the character as \\\"just what you would have her.\\\" \\\"Variety\\\"'s John C. Flinn deemed Snow White \\\"the embodiment of girlish sweetness and kindness, exemplified in her love for the birds and the small animals of the woods that are her friends and, as it subsequently develops, her rescuers.\\\" Contemporary critics felt that Snow White \\\"lack[s] nerve, unlike many later Disney heroines,\\\" while her\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7347822\",\n \"text\": \"'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4568595\",\n \"text\": \"Operation Snow White Operation Snow White was a criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This project included a series of infiltrations into and thefts from 136 government agencies, foreign embassies and consulates, as well as private organizations critical of Scientology, carried out by Church members in more than 30 countries. It was one of the largest infiltrations of the United States government in history, with up to 5,000 covert agents. This operation also exposed the Scientology plot 'Operation Freakout', because Operation Snow White was\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433780\",\n \"text\": \"bartender and gives her the pin found on Lily's body. At Holly's funeral, Bigby informs Snow that Crane is the prime suspect, as he was the one who made Lily glamour as Snow White and had sex with her. Snow White is disturbed by this revelation as the Tweedles show up and wound Bigby, Holly, and Grendel with their shotguns. After Bigby recovers they find out that Crane smashed the magic mirror and took a piece with him to avoid them finding him. After some investigation he and Snow end up at Aunty Greenleaf's place, who has been supplying Crane\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6822406\",\n \"text\": \"change to Platinum, no Snow White designs appeared in any other color, except for the Hard Disk 20SC in order to better match the beige color of the Macintosh Plus beneath which it was designed to sit. Beginning in 1990, the Apple Industrial Design Group gradually altered and phased out the use of the Snow White language. The distinguishing characteristics originated by the Snow White design language, in contrast to the original Apple industrial design style, include the following: Any or all of these features indicate a Snow White Frog Design influence over an otherwise Apple-designed product. In particular the\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White design language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393942\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White and the Prince are married. In the 2012 adaptation \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\", directed by Rupert Sanders, Snow White becomes a warrior in order to overthrow the Evil Queen named Ravenna, and the huntsman named Eric is presented as her mentor and possible love interest. The movie \\\"Mirror Mirror\\\" has the queen (Julia Roberts) surviving, but she is hopelessly haggard when she attends Snow White (Lily Collins)’s wedding. The 2007 Disney movie \\\"Enchanted\\\" features a character named Giselle (Amy Adams) who is loosely based on Snow White (poisoned apple), Sleeping Beauty (fighting a dragon), and Cinderella (losing\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393926\",\n \"text\": \"beautiful than her stepmother. When the queen asks her mirror, it tells her that Snow White is the fairest. This gives the queen a great shock. She becomes envious, and from that moment on, her heart turns against Snow White, whom the queen grows to hate increasingly with time. Eventually, the angry queen orders a huntsman to take Snow White into the forest to be killed. As proof that Snow White is dead, the queen demands that he returns with her heart, which she will consume in order to become immortal. The huntsman succeeds in taking Snow White into the\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590107\",\n \"text\": \"Dwarfs while she waits to meet her beloved prince again. With her kindness and ethereal beauty, Snow White charms every creature in the kingdom except the Queen. She also shows great resilience and an inner strength against adversity. Animators' initial sketches for Snow White's character, some of which bore a resemblance to Betty Boop, did not meet Walt Disney's expectations, as they were too cartoonish. Hamilton Luske, whom Disney had selected as the supervising animator for Snow White's character, was tasked with the challenge of making Snow White more believably human and realistic than any of the Disney studio's previous\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19408072\",\n \"text\": \"She finally reaches out to Clara, who tells her to give Bird to her to raise as she was once given up by her mother when she was not white passing. Instead Boy asks Clara to take Snow for what she claims is a short visit, in reality planning to have her stay indefinitely. Thirteen years later, in 1968, Bird grows up as the only daughter in the Whitman family, while her father visits Snow twice a month. Bird discovers a series of letters Snow wrote to her mother in which she begs to be able to come home and\",\n \"title\": \"Boy, Snow, Bird\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16425830\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White: A Deadly Summer Snow White: A Deadly Summer is a 2012 horror film directed by David DeCoteau and starring Shanley Caswell, Maureen McCormick, and Eric Roberts. The film was released straight to DVD and digital download on March 20, 2012. Eve doesn't like her stepdaughter Snow getting in her way of being fully loved by her husband. Snow's stepmother talks to a reflection of herself which tells her what to do. With her reflection's persistence, Eve sends Snow to a camp for juvenile delinquents where they are killed off. As they are killed off Snow has dreams that\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White: A Deadly Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10903109\",\n \"text\": \"Heartbroken, they place her in a glass casket. The prince finds Snow White lying in her glass casket and asks the dwarfs if she could be taken to his castle, for he hopes to find someone to revive her. When his servants lift Snow White out of the casket, a piece of poisoned apple falls from Snow White's mouth and she awakens. Upon learning that Snow White is alive, the Evil Queen flies into a terrible rage and begins smashing all her mirrors. When she tries to smash her magic mirror, it comes to life and traps her in its\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (1995 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393946\",\n \"text\": \"issued a trademark to Disney Enterprises, Inc. for the name \\\"Snow White\\\" that covers all live and recorded movie, television, radio, stage, computer, Internet, news, and photographic entertainment uses, excluding literary works of fiction and nonfiction. Erin Heys' \\\"Religious Symbols\\\" article at the website \\\"Religion & Snow White\\\" analyzes the use of numerous symbols in the story, their implications, and their Christian interpretations, such as the colours red, white, and black; the apple; the number seven; and resurrection. Snow White \\\"Snow White\\\" is a 19th-century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393931\",\n \"text\": \"to accept it, so the queen cuts the apple in half, eating the white (harmless) half and giving the red poisoned half to Snow White; the girl eagerly takes a bite and falls into a state of suspended animation, causing the Queen to triumph. This time, the dwarfs are unable to revive Snow White. Assuming that she is dead, they place her in a glass casket. Some time later, a prince stumbles upon Snow White lying in her glass coffin during a hunting trip. After hearing her story from the seven dwarfs, the Prince is allowed to take Snow White\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18438651\",\n \"text\": \"the Evil Queen to eliminate Snow White. This plan fails when Snow White's friend Klaus buys Snow White enough time to get away. When the Huntsman goes after Snow White, he is attacked by a wild boar and knocked off the cliff into the forest below. In the four-part comic \\\"Muppet Snow White\\\" as part of \\\"The Muppet Show\\\" comics, the Huntsman is played by Sweetums. The Evil Queen (played by Miss Piggy) orders the Huntsman to kill Snow White (played by Spamela Hamderson). But the Huntsman refuses to kill Snow White, tells her that the Queen wants her dead,\",\n \"title\": \"Huntsman (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17055416\",\n \"text\": \"Grimm's Snow White Grimm's Snow White is a 2012 American fantasy film produced by The Asylum and directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg. Loosely based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \\\"Snow White\\\", the film stars Jane March, Eliza Bennett and Jamie Thomas King. The Evil Queen Gwendolyn takes over the Kingdom following the death of the King. To ensure her place, she attempts to kill Snow White, her beautiful stepdaughter, who escapes into an enchanted forest. \\\"Grim's Snow White\\\" was released on video-on-demand and DVD February 14, 2012, several months ahead of Universal's \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\". Grimmm's Snow\",\n \"title\": \"Grimm's Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433764\",\n \"text\": \"at hand. This shook her faith in the Wolf and she refused to discuss it with him for some time. After Bigby's last minute return saved the day during the Battle of Fabletown, she realized that she truly did love him. With the arrival of their children, however, a new problem appeared. Only one of the six children looked fully human, meaning that they could not possibly stay in Fabletown and would have to move up to the Farm, where Bigby was banned from going. Bigby tried to persuade Snow to come and live with him and their children out\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"829129\",\n \"text\": \"by her apparent death, he kisses her, which breaks the spell and awakens her. The dwarfs and animals all rejoice as the Prince takes Snow White to his castle. Development on \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" began in early 1934, and in June 1934, Walt Disney announced the production of his first feature, to be released under Walt Disney Productions, to \\\"The New York Times\\\". One evening that same year, Disney acted out the entire story of \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\" to his staff, announcing that the film would be produced as a feature-length film. Before \\\"Snow\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393929\",\n \"text\": \"in while they are working in the mountains. Meanwhile, the queen, believing that Snow White is dead, asks her mirror once again: \\\"Magic mirror on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?\\\" The mirror tells her that Snow White is still the fairest in the land. The queen is furious when she learns that Snow White is still alive because of the huntsman, and decides to kill the girl herself with three attempts. First, the queen appears at the dwarfs' cottage, disguised as an old peddler, and offers Snow White colorful, silky laced bodices as a present; the\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17332334\",\n \"text\": \"per the movie, it told the Queen that Snow White was now much fairer than the vain ruler. However, it added on that her heart was a pure light than shone bright. It was then promised by the Evil Queen usage by Terra to find Master Xehanort if he brought her Snow White's heart. However, he did not do so and told the Evil Queen he never intended to. Terra then proceeds to tell her that unlike Snow White, she has much darkness in her heart. The Evil Queen, insulted and outraged, commanded the mirror to destroy Terra. The Magic\",\n \"title\": \"Magic Mirror (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18878587\",\n \"text\": \"did appear in the live-action musical adaption of the film. Unlike the movie itself, the King appeared in the musical adaptation. At the start of the show, the Evil Queen notices how much he loves Snow White. Rather than sharing a first dance with him, the Evil Queen lies to the King saying that she must arrange for the safety of the rest of her subjects back to her homeland in order instead. The King is later seen in the second act where he is very worried about Snow White, but the Prince and Huntsman tell him of the Evil\",\n \"title\": \"King (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18438647\",\n \"text\": \"Huntsman (Snow White) The Huntsman is a fictional character in \\\"Snow White\\\". When the Evil Queen had learned from her Magic Mirror that Snow White will be the fairest of them all, she orders an unnamed Huntsman to take Snow White into the deepest woods to be killed. As proof that Snow White is dead, the Queen demands that he return with her lungs and liver. The Huntsman takes Snow White into the forest. But after raising his knife, he fails to kill her as she sobs heavily and begs him not to. The huntsman leaves her behind alive convinced\",\n \"title\": \"Huntsman (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18438649\",\n \"text\": \"to kill Snow White. After revealing the Queen wants her dead, he tearfully begs for her forgiveness. The huntsman urges her to flee into the woods and never come back to the castle. When the Evil Queen shows the Magic Mirror the heart in the jewelled box as the proof she holds of Snow White's death, the Magic Mirror reveals that the heart in the box is a pig's heart, causing the Queen to take matters into her own hands. The huntsman does not appear again afterwards in the film. In \\\"The 7 Dwarfs and King Arbor's Crystal\\\" comic that\",\n \"title\": \"Huntsman (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6822407\",\n \"text\": \"first official implementation, the Apple IIc, does not represent the complete set of design elements, while the Macintosh II includes all of them. Later, the Macintosh LC began to phase out some of the design elements. Apple products designed in the Snow White theme (all used the “Platinum” gray color scheme except as noted): Most Apple Displays introduced between 1984 and 1994 also used Snow White, except those specifically designed to match the Apple II series. All Apple ADB keyboards and mice introduced between 1986 and 1993 were Snow White designs. Both the 100- and 200-series PowerBooks and accessories were\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White design language\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17055417\",\n \"text\": \"White received mixed reviews from audiences and critics alike. Grimm's Snow White Grimm's Snow White is a 2012 American fantasy film produced by The Asylum and directed by Rachel Lee Goldenberg. Loosely based on the Brothers Grimm fairy tale \\\"Snow White\\\", the film stars Jane March, Eliza Bennett and Jamie Thomas King. The Evil Queen Gwendolyn takes over the Kingdom following the death of the King. To ensure her place, she attempts to kill Snow White, her beautiful stepdaughter, who escapes into an enchanted forest. \\\"Grim's Snow White\\\" was released on video-on-demand and DVD February 14, 2012, several months ahead\",\n \"title\": \"Grimm's Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12203712\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White helped appear to save Snow White. Snow White even apologizes in front of everybody. Her father responds, \\\"I just want my daughter back,\\\" as the crowd awes. Angry that everybody accepts Snow White's apology and ruined the wedding, Lady Vain uses the Magic Mirror to zap Snow White. But the attack is reflected back to the mirror, breaking the spell of Lady Vain's beauty, making her ugly again. Before the guards can take Lady Vain away, Snow White goes to her and tells her, \\\"You don't need the magic mirror to be beautiful.\\\" The Seven Dwarves come to\",\n \"title\": \"Happily N'Ever After 2: Snow White—Another Bite @ the Apple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9496060\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White 2 \\\"Snow White 2\\\" is a special episode of the award-winning British comedy television series \\\"The Goodies\\\". This episode is also known as \\\"Pantomime\\\" and \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". This episode was made by LWT for ITV. Written by The Goodies, with songs and music by Bill Oddie. Just when you thought it was safe to go back to the pantomime ... The Goodies live next door to \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". When \\\"Snow White\\\" runs away with a handsome prince, she arranges for the dwarfs to be garden gnomes. When only four of\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White 2\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18878586\",\n \"text\": \"King (Snow White) The King is a character in \\\"Snow White\\\". The unnamed King is the biological father of Snow White and the husband of the First Queen (the Queen that appeared in the beginning of the story). After the First Queen died whilst giving birth to Snow White, the King remarried a beautiful yet jealous woman who later became known as the Evil Queen. His fate is left unknown as he is never mentioned again after his marriage to the Evil Queen throughout the entire story. While the King didn't appear in \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\", he\",\n \"title\": \"King (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433759\",\n \"text\": \"was the first to allow the Wolf to taste her flesh. Snow, Rose and their fellow prisoners were escorted to the cave and escaped through into the mundane world, arriving in approximately the year 1450. Snow was part of the Fabletown government from the moment the small community was set up in New York City, then known as New Amsterdam. Because of their previous meeting, two hundred years earlier, it was Snow who was sent to Carpathia to ask the Big Bad Wolf to join them, carrying the lycanthropy-stained knife that would give him the ability to shapeshift and come\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13089373\",\n \"text\": \"suggestion made the album.\\\" The song was recorded in one take during two weeks of recording sessions in Fez, Morocco in 2007, though it received some minor editing in the final sessions in December 2008. At this time, it was taken out of the 'Maybe' pile to balance out the rockier tunes present earlier on, with bassist Adam Clayton noting that \\\"it gave the listener a break.\\\" Bono noted that, with the exception of \\\"White as Snow\\\", the band had tried to keep the theme of war out of the album. \\\"White as Snow\\\" runs for 4:41 (4 minutes, 41\",\n \"title\": \"White as Snow (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590110\",\n \"text\": \"later recalled, \\\"Ham's careful planning and shooting of the live-action footage, always with the idea in mind of how it would be used in animation, resulted in a very convincing character.\\\" Originally, Disney could not find what they thought was a suitable voice for Snow White. Around 150 girls auditioned for the role of Snow White, including well-known actresses such as Deanna Durbin, whose voice seemed too old to Disney. One assistant to Disney called music teacher Guido Caselotti, complaining that Hollywood had no singing girls. Caselotti wanted to offer to send their best to listen to the students, but\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19156860\",\n \"text\": \"manner more faithful to the original Brothers Grimm story. Gag translated the text from the German and designed the illustrations. The book is printed in white and black. The cover depicts a young girl with black hair looking out the window of a small red house. A queen, used to being \\\"the fairest one of all\\\", is turned green with envy when her magic mirror says that her seven-year-old stepdaughter, Snow White, is now the fairest one of all. With fury the queen demands a huntsman to take Snow White into the woods, kill her, and bring back a token\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7227492\",\n \"text\": \"White, the daughter of the original Snow White aided by the seven giants, to defeat her once-and-for-all and save the kingdom. After vanquishing the Wicked Queen, the new queen, Snow White and her husband King Charming are now the rulers of the land of Noel. They have a young daughter, also named Snow White for her snow-white hair. The royal family decides to host a Christmas winter sports festival. One of the participants is Grunyon, a bumbling dwarf and a friend of the young Snow White. Snow White says her Christmas wish is to build a playhouse for all the\",\n \"title\": \"A Snow White Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578098\",\n \"text\": \"School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \\\"Clover\\\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \\\"In the High Valley\\\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15271068\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"uncomplicated\\\" Snow White. Snow White: The Sequel Snow White: The Sequel () is a 2007 Belgian/French/British X-rated animated film directed by Picha. It is based on the fairy tale of Snow White and intended as a sequel to Disney's classic animated adaptation. However, like all of Picha's cartoons, the film is actually a sex comedy featuring a lot of bawdy jokes and sex scenes. It wasn't the first pornographic animated adaptation of Snow White. Already in 1973 an 11-minute short cartoon called \\\"Snow White and the Seven Perverts\\\" was made in Germany. Prince Charming was supposed to live long and\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White: The Sequel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14991522\",\n \"text\": \"White as Snow (film) White as Snow () is a 2010 Turkish drama film written and directed by Selim Güneş based on the short story \\\"Ayran\\\" by Sabahattin Ali, which tells the story of a 9-year-old boy who must care for his younger siblings by selling hot drinks to weary winter travelers. The film was selected for the 46th Chicago International Film Festival and the 47th International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival, where it premiered. Hasan is a twelve-year-old boy living with his two younger siblings in a mountain village in Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea region, struggling to survive. The\",\n \"title\": \"White as Snow (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4568640\",\n \"text\": \"of Scientology and had to undergo rehabilitation in order to resume their upper level training in the church. Operation Snow White extended to Canada and resulted in legal proceedings against the Church. By 1990, all eleven defendants in Operation Snow White were free. Operation Snow White Operation Snow White was a criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology during the 1970s to purge unfavorable records about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This project included a series of infiltrations into and thefts from 136 government agencies, foreign embassies and consulates, as well as private organizations critical of Scientology, carried\",\n \"title\": \"Operation Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18878595\",\n \"text\": \"entire kingdom with a real army of soldiers. In \\\"Ever After High\\\", the King was referred to as the Good King. With the Evil Queen, he fathered Raven Queen. King (Snow White) The King is a character in \\\"Snow White\\\". The unnamed King is the biological father of Snow White and the husband of the First Queen (the Queen that appeared in the beginning of the story). After the First Queen died whilst giving birth to Snow White, the King remarried a beautiful yet jealous woman who later became known as the Evil Queen. His fate is left unknown as\",\n \"title\": \"King (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18438655\",\n \"text\": \"for helping him remember who he truly was. The Huntsman is one of the two title characters in the film \\\"Snow White and the Huntsman\\\", played by Chris Hemsworth. Eric is a huntsman whose wife, Sara, was seemingly killed while he was fighting in a war. After Snow White escapes into the Dark Forest, Queen Ravenna and her brother Finn make a bargain with Eric the Huntsman to capture Snow White, promising to bring his wife back to life in exchange. The Huntsman tracks down Snow White, but when Finn reveals that Ravenna does not actually have the power to\",\n \"title\": \"Huntsman (Snow White)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18199659\",\n \"text\": \"cameos such as the \\\"Snow White\\\" characters. Fantasy television series \\\"Once Upon a Time\\\" regularly include live-action interpretations of characters including Snow White, the Evil Queen, the Huntsman, the Prince, the Mirror, and Grumpy (including the other dwarves as smaller characters). Snow White appeared in the 27th episode of the American animated television series \\\"Sofia the First\\\", \\\"The Enchanted Feast\\\". The series features characters from the Disney Princess franchise. \\\"The 7D\\\" is a Disney animated series centering on the Seven Dwarfs from \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". The series premiered on July 7, 2014 on Disney XD. The Seven\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (franchise)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7922448\",\n \"text\": \"to turn around, which would have let her enchant her. Snow-White-Fire-Red threw down the yarn, and each ball impeded and injured her until she cursed the prince to forget Snow-White-Fire-Red as soon as his mother kissed him, and the ogress died. The lovers went on, and the prince told Snow-White-Fire-Red that he would get her suitable clothing to appear at court. He forbade his mother to kiss him, but she came into his bedroom at night and kissed him while he slept, and he forgot Snow-White-Fire-Red. An old woman took pity on Snow-White-Fire-Red and took her home. Snow-White-Fire-Red made marvelous\",\n \"title\": \"Snow-White-Fire-Red\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578084\",\n \"text\": \"What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15271066\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White: The Sequel Snow White: The Sequel () is a 2007 Belgian/French/British X-rated animated film directed by Picha. It is based on the fairy tale of Snow White and intended as a sequel to Disney's classic animated adaptation. However, like all of Picha's cartoons, the film is actually a sex comedy featuring a lot of bawdy jokes and sex scenes. It wasn't the first pornographic animated adaptation of Snow White. Already in 1973 an 11-minute short cartoon called \\\"Snow White and the Seven Perverts\\\" was made in Germany. Prince Charming was supposed to live long and happily with Snow\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White: The Sequel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590112\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White to be heard anywhere else. Instead, she received $970 (now worth approximately $). Actress and dancer JoAnn Dean Killingsworth became the first person to portray Snow White at Disneyland in 1955. She was hired to play Snow White for Disneyland's opening on July 17, 1955. Killingsworth's Snow White was the only Disney Princess to have own float during Disneyland's first parade down Main Street, U.S.A. on opening day. Since Killingsworth's 1955 debut as Snow White, more than 100 actresses have played the character at Disneyland. Snow White's Scary Adventures is a dark ride dedicated to the princess and\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18011390\",\n \"text\": \"the mystery of Miki Shirono. The film earned (US$8,646,060) in Japan. Patryk Czekaj, in a review on Twitch Film, called the film \\\"one of the most compelling crime thrillers to come out of Japan in the last few years\\\". The Snow White Murder Case Yuji Akahoshi (Gou Ayano) receives a phone call from an old high school friend, Risako Kano (Misako Renbutsu). She tells him that her co-worker at a cosmetics company was stabbed to death and then doused in flames. Yuji Akahoshi decides to interview workers at the company and others that knew the victim, Noriko Miki (Nanao), for\",\n \"title\": \"The Snow White Murder Case\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17247248\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13089375\",\n \"text\": \"Crystal Ship\\\" crossed with an Appalachian ballad.\\\" \\\"Uncut\\\" labelled it as \\\"the most modest and most affecting track on the record, and one of the best things Bono has ever sung.\\\" \\\"Time Out\\\" called it \\\"the absolute highlight without any doubt\\\" of the album, while \\\"The Guardian\\\" referred to it as \\\"unadorned, evocative and suggestive\\\", commenting that \\\"you don't even have to know what it's about to feel its quiet power or sense its sadness\\\". \\\"Mojo\\\" had a more negative impression of the song, stating \\\"the music is as lumpy as the words.\\\" \\\"White as Snow\\\" appears as the fourth\",\n \"title\": \"White as Snow (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11199600\",\n \"text\": \"of mankind, only to return and find it worse. It takes a departure from the dark and depressive lyrical content of their previous albums for a much more science fiction oriented feel. Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \\\"Did Tomorrow Come...\\\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \\\"Will Tomorrow Come?\\\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and\",\n \"title\": \"Did Tomorrow Come...\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11199599\",\n \"text\": \"Did Tomorrow Come... Did Tomorrow Come... is the third and last album from Polish gothic metal band Sirrah, though it was their second official release. It was released in 1997. Though the original title is \\\"Did Tomorrow Come...\\\", the title of the releases outside of Poland were changed to \\\"Will Tomorrow Come?\\\" by Music for Nations, which completely changed its meaning. This album also contains less growling and Death metal elements than in their earlier works. The album is a concept album about a time traveller who goes back and forth through time in order to prevent the dystopian future\",\n \"title\": \"Did Tomorrow Come...\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4209955\",\n \"text\": \"came out in songs like \\\"Come Out and Play.\\\"Inspiration for the \\\"keep 'em separated\\\" lyric came from Dexter Holland's experience in a laboratory cooling Erlenmeyer flasks full of hot liquids. \\\"Come Out and Play\\\" was the first Offspring song for which a music video was created. The music video, directed by Darren Lavett, was shot in May 1994 and debuted on MTV in the summer of that year. The video is almost entirely in black-and-white with sepia tone segments, and features the band performing the song in the garage of a house with tinfoil covering the walls. There is also\",\n \"title\": \"Come Out and Play (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8433755\",\n \"text\": \"Snow out of vengeance for getting everything they dreamed of as little girls, Rose spent weeks seducing Charming and eventually goads Charming into sleeping with her, ruining the marriage and driving a wedge between the two sisters. Devastated after this revelation, Snow divorces Charming and is subsequently hardened because of the experience. Where Snow was when the Adversary's forces began their systematic assault on the Homelands is unknown. What is known is that she seemingly remained in nobility, perhaps taking control over the Evil Queen's lands, and she joined with Rose in leaving their home and journeyed to a distant\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Fables)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18964821\",\n \"text\": \"snow up they threatened to come to the navy yard after commodore Hull.\\\" But they did not come that night and the next day Commodore Hull received orders from the navy department from the Hon Secretary of the Navy Mr Levy Woodbury Levi Woodbury to fortify the yard\\\" After breaking up his restaurant, the mechanics drank all Snows stock of whiskey and champagne. However, the white rioters were unable to locate Snow and he made his escape. In the capital though mobs of whites still continued to attack all establishments run by free blacks: schools, churches and businesses. The strike\",\n \"title\": \"Snow Riot\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9764954\",\n \"text\": \"allow her to stay with them. The King is heartbroken when he is told that Snow White had been eaten by wild animals, and later he is killed in battle. 10 years later, Snow White (Sarah Patterson) grows into a beautiful young maiden. When the Evil Queen asks the magic mirror \\\"who is the fairest one of all\\\", she learns that Snow White is still alive. The Evil Queen decides to kill Snow White with three attempts. First, she disguises herself as a gypsy woman and laces up Snow White in a tight bodice, only for the dwarfs to cut\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (1987 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12590101\",\n \"text\": \"Snow White (Disney character) Snow White is a fictional character and a main character from Walt Disney Productions' first animated feature film \\\"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\\\". The character of Snow White was derived from a fairy tale known from many countries in Europe, the best-known version being the Bavarian one collected by the Brothers Grimm. Snow White is the first Disney Princess and the first fictional female character with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Originally voiced by Adriana Caselotti, she has also been voiced by Jane Powell, Ilene Woods, Dorothy Warenskjold, Mary Kay Bergman, Carolyn\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (Disney character)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"829115\",\n \"text\": \"Snow-White (1933 film) Snow-White, also known as Betty Boop in Snow-White, is a film in the \\\"Betty Boop\\\" series from Max Fleischer's Fleischer Studios directed in 1933. Dave Fleischer was credited as director, although virtually all the animation was done by Roland Crandall. Crandall received the opportunity to make \\\"Snow-White\\\" on his own as a reward for his several years of devotion to the Fleischer studio, and the resulting film is considered both his masterwork and an important milestone of The Golden Age of American animation. \\\"Snow-White\\\" took Crandall six months to complete. A magic mirror, with a face resembling\",\n \"title\": \"Snow-White (1933 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393940\",\n \"text\": \"bring back Snow White’s heart. While the heart is mentioned, it is never shown in the box. Snow White is much more mature (about 14). And she is discovered by the dwarfs after \\\"cleaning\\\" the house, not vandalizing it. Furthermore, in the Disney movie the evil queen tries only once to kill Snow White (by a poisoned apple) and fails (this was likely to save time). She then dies by falling down a cliff and being crushed by a boulder, after the dwarfs had chased her through the forest. In the original, the queen is forced to dance to death.\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393938\",\n \"text\": \"lived. This mirror was presumably a present from Maria Sophia’s father to his second wife. It was a product of the Lohr Mirror Manufacture (Kurmainzische Spiegelmanufaktur). The principal studies of traditional \\\"Snow White\\\" variants are Ernst Böklen's, \\\"Schneewittchenstudien\\\" of 1910, which (re)prints fifty Snow White variants, and studies by Steven Swann Jones. In their first edition, the Brothers Grimm published the version they had first collected, in which the villain of the piece is Snow White's jealous \\\"biological\\\" mother. In a version sent to another folklorist prior to the first edition, additionally, she does not order a servant to take\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8992696\",\n \"text\": \"restore her rank. The court huntsman and direct subject to the sovereign and, that is, the Queen, he is obliged to take the heart of the young princess back to Chrystal, but, before he could decide not to do the deed, he saves Snow White from a ravaging black bear and tells her what her stepmothers’ plans are and advises her to go into hiding. Afterwards he himself retires to the countryside and occasionally comes across Snow White and her friends and helps them with their matters at hand. The chief of the dwarf coven and the eldest and wisest\",\n \"title\": \"The Legend of Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7227497\",\n \"text\": \"The Magic Mirror, revealed as the source of the Queen's power, is shattered and the demons vanish as she herself evaporates into nothingness. With the Wicked Queen's demise, the curse she has placed over the kingdom is broken, causing the ice statues to revert to people. Grunyon and the Giants bring Snow White home to her parents in a rose-filled coffin. They kiss Snow White's cheeks and she awakens, and everyone rejoices. Brawny also tells that he and the other giants built a castle for the children while Snow White was asleep. A Snow White Christmas A Snow White Christmas\",\n \"title\": \"A Snow White Christmas\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9764953\",\n \"text\": \"White (Nicola Stapleton). When her magic mirror tells her that Snow White is now the fairest in the land, the Evil Queen orders a huntsman (Amnon Meskin) to take Snow White into the forest and kill her, and to bring back her liver as proof of her death. During a hunting trip, the huntsman succeeds in taking Snow White away from her father, but Snow White, realizing her stepmother's plan to destroy her, manages to escape into the forest where she finds a cottage belonging to seven kindly dwarfs - Iddy, Biddy, Kiddy, Diddy, Fiddy, Giddy and Liddy - who\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White (1987 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14991524\",\n \"text\": \"post, a place he doesn’t want to go to... The film premiered in competition at the 47th Antalya \\\"Golden Orange\\\" International Film Festival on October 12, 2010, at 14:30, in the AKM Aspendos Saloon. White as Snow (film) White as Snow () is a 2010 Turkish drama film written and directed by Selim Güneş based on the short story \\\"Ayran\\\" by Sabahattin Ali, which tells the story of a 9-year-old boy who must care for his younger siblings by selling hot drinks to weary winter travelers. The film was selected for the 46th Chicago International Film Festival and the 47th\",\n \"title\": \"White as Snow (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7347814\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Did \\\"What Kate Did\\\" is the 34th episode of \\\"Lost\\\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393945\",\n \"text\": \"and the Royals that their destinies will be fine. Many later versions omit the Queen's attempted cannibalism, eating what she believed to be the lungs and liver of Snow White. This may be a reference to old Slavic mythology which includes tales of witches eating human hearts. \\\"Descendants\\\" character Evie is the cheerful yet flirtatious daughter of the Evil Queen. Many other variations of the story exist across and outside Europe. In some of these variations the dwarfs are robbers, while the magic mirror is a dialogue with the sun or moon. In 2013, the US Patent and Trademark Office\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1393928\",\n \"text\": \"of their wine, and then tests all the beds. Finally, the last bed is comfortable enough for her and she falls asleep. When the dwarfs return home, they immediately become aware that there is a burglar in their house, because everything in their home is in disorder. Prowling about frantically, they head upstairs and discover the sleeping Snow White. She wakes up and explains to them what happened, and the dwarfs take pity on her and let her stay with them in exchange for housekeeping. They warn her to be careful when alone at home and to let no one\",\n \"title\": \"Snow White\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18787754\",\n \"text\": \"daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \\\"\\\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\\\"\\\" Deborah Evans Price of \\\"Billboard\\\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \\\"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\\\" What I Did Right \\\"What I Did Right\\\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It\",\n \"title\": \"What I Did Right\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7578085\",\n \"text\": \"up: \\\"What Katy Did at School\\\" and \\\"What Katy Did Next\\\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\\\"Clover\\\" and \\\"In the High Valley\\\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern\",\n \"title\": \"What Katy Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16918902\",\n \"text\": \"Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16918894\",\n \"text\": \"What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \\\"Bad Day in Blackrock\\\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11856928\",\n \"text\": \"early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11856925\",\n \"text\": \"What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \\\"The Harpole Report\\\" and Edward\",\n \"title\": \"What Hetty Did\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":287,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"288"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the scientific name for leech?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"12255726","text":"leech are currently recognised, of which some 100 are marine, 90 terrestrial and the remainder freshwater. Leeches were used in medicine from ancient times until the 19th century to draw blood from patients. In modern times, leeches find medical use in microsurgery, while hirudin is a valuable drug for some blood-clotting disorders. Some 700 species of leech have been described, of which some 100 are marine, 90 terrestrial and the remainder freshwater. The name for the subclass, Hirudinea, comes from the Latin \"hirudo, hirudinis\", a leech. The more primitive Acanthobdellidea are often included with the leeches, but some authors treat","title":"Leech"},{"docid":"19751311","text":"use became desirable. By the 1900s the use of leeches in medicine had dramatically declined and the Bedale Leech House ceased to be used for their storage, surviving however until restoration in 1985. Bedale Leech House This late Georgian Bedale Leech House in Bedale, North Yorkshire, England, is a unique example of a building constructed to keep live medicinal leeches (\"Hirudo medicinalis\") healthy prior to their sale by the local apothecary to doctors and private individuals for the purpose of blood letting as a medical procedure to cure or prevent a variety of illnesses and diseases. The 'Leechery' is a","title":"Bedale Leech House"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"12255726\",\n \"text\": \"leech are currently recognised, of which some 100 are marine, 90 terrestrial and the remainder freshwater. Leeches were used in medicine from ancient times until the 19th century to draw blood from patients. In modern times, leeches find medical use in microsurgery, while hirudin is a valuable drug for some blood-clotting disorders. Some 700 species of leech have been described, of which some 100 are marine, 90 terrestrial and the remainder freshwater. The name for the subclass, Hirudinea, comes from the Latin \\\"hirudo, hirudinis\\\", a leech. The more primitive Acanthobdellidea are often included with the leeches, but some authors treat\",\n \"title\": \"Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19751311\",\n \"text\": \"use became desirable. By the 1900s the use of leeches in medicine had dramatically declined and the Bedale Leech House ceased to be used for their storage, surviving however until restoration in 1985. Bedale Leech House This late Georgian Bedale Leech House in Bedale, North Yorkshire, England, is a unique example of a building constructed to keep live medicinal leeches (\\\"Hirudo medicinalis\\\") healthy prior to their sale by the local apothecary to doctors and private individuals for the purpose of blood letting as a medical procedure to cure or prevent a variety of illnesses and diseases. The 'Leechery' is a\",\n \"title\": \"Bedale Leech House\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"10151268","text":"Mark Leech Mark Leech (born 9 December 1985 in Dublin, Ireland), is an Irish footballer who played for various clubs in the League of Ireland including St. Patricks Athletic, Drogheda and Shamrock Rovers and is the son of former Shamrock Rovers and Republic of Ireland international Mick Leech. After making a name for himself as an up-and-coming talent at youth level and as part of the FAIS International squad, Leech began his senior footballing career after being snapped up by UCD in 2003 for a deferred scholarship while he was still at school. He played on numerous occasions for the","title":"Mark Leech"},{"docid":"5683101","text":"community that provides it. The name derives from the leech, an animal that sucks blood and then tries to leave unnoticed. Other terms are used, such as \"freeloader\" and \"sponge\", but leech is the most common. In games (whether a traditional tabletop RPG, LARPing, or even MMORPG) the term \"leech\" is given to someone who avoids confrontation and sits out while another player fights and gains experience for the person, or \"leecher\", who is avoiding confrontation. Amongst users of the BitTorrent file distribution protocol and common P2P networks, such as the eDonkey network or Gnutella2, a leech is a user","title":"Leech (computing)"},{"docid":"3620003","text":"known to return to their same nests when mature. Populations have risen over the last few decades. On early maps, Leech Lake is identified in French as \"lac Sangsue\" (Bloodsucker Lake), which was then translated into English to its current name; its French name was translated from the Ojibwe \"\"Ozagaskwaajimekaag-zaaga'igan\"\" (lake abundant with bloodsuckers). In 1855, the Leech Lake Indian Reservation was established on the south shore of Leech Lake, along with two other Indian Reservations in the area, which along with two additional Indian Reservations, the five Indian Reservations were amalgamated in 1936 to form the current \"Greater\" Leech","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"10498416","text":"The Missing Leech The Missing Leech (real name Maurici Ribera) is an anti folk musician from Sant Joan de Vilatorrada in Barcelona, Spain. The project started in 2007 from the ashes of Marràs. Thanks to Myspace, he is able to find concerts quickly around Spain. March 2008 sees the musician with a busy agenda to follow and with many projects to complete. Touring England for the first time. Maurici Ribera who was involved in the punk rock band Marràs. From the ashes of Marràs, a punk rock band that lasted from 2003 till 2005, Maurici Ribera, after a short stint","title":"The Missing Leech"},{"docid":"9512303","text":"species of fish. Egg sucking leech The egg-sucking leech is an artificial fly used in fly fishing. Its name comes from its resemblance to a leech in the process of consuming a fish egg. The body of the lure is dark-colored like a leech, often black or purple, and the tip of the lure is bright red or orange to look like a small rounded fish egg. It is effective for catching fish which might be interested in prey items such as leeches. It is popular for steelhead fishing. This fly can be used to capture salmon, trout, bass, pike,","title":"Egg sucking leech"},{"docid":"9512302","text":"Egg sucking leech The egg-sucking leech is an artificial fly used in fly fishing. Its name comes from its resemblance to a leech in the process of consuming a fish egg. The body of the lure is dark-colored like a leech, often black or purple, and the tip of the lure is bright red or orange to look like a small rounded fish egg. It is effective for catching fish which might be interested in prey items such as leeches. It is popular for steelhead fishing. This fly can be used to capture salmon, trout, bass, pike, and many other","title":"Egg sucking leech"},{"docid":"15076714","text":"The Cup was lost in 1913 and was not recovered until 1927. The trophy is awarded each year in the NRA National High Power Championships. The 1903 Cup was awarded to Corporal Charles Blish Winder of the Ohio National Guard. Leech Cup The Leech Cup is an award name after Arthur Blennerhassett Leech, and given to long range shooters. It is the oldest trophy awarded in competitive target shooting in the United States. Firing is with rifles equipped with metallic, non-magnifying sights. The cup was presented to the Amateur Rifle Club of New York by Arthur Blennerhassett Leech. He was","title":"Leech Cup"},{"docid":"15076713","text":"Leech Cup The Leech Cup is an award name after Arthur Blennerhassett Leech, and given to long range shooters. It is the oldest trophy awarded in competitive target shooting in the United States. Firing is with rifles equipped with metallic, non-magnifying sights. The cup was presented to the Amateur Rifle Club of New York by Arthur Blennerhassett Leech. He was the Captain of the Irish Rifle Team and in 1874 he had the cup made to celebrate his team coming to America. It was presented to the National Rifle Association in 1901 by the Amateur Rifle Club of New York.","title":"Leech Cup"},{"docid":"5683100","text":"Leech (computing) In computing and specifically Internet, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others' information or effort but does not offer anything in return, or makes only token offerings in an attempt to avoid being called a leech. In economics, this type of behavior is called \"free riding\" and is associated with the free rider problem. Depending on context, leeching does not necessarily refer to \"illegal\" use of computer resources, but often instead to \"greedy\" use according to etiquette: to wit, using too much of what is freely given without contributing a reasonable amount back to the","title":"Leech (computing)"},{"docid":"10498421","text":"at the Sidewalk Café. In 2010 his first album A Set of Dreams in Lo-Fi was finally scheduled with tours in Germany, Canada, Iceland and Greenland. In 2011 he was highly involved in Daniel Johnston and Toy Love tributes as well as playing again at Primavera Sound Festival. The Missing Leech The Missing Leech (real name Maurici Ribera) is an anti folk musician from Sant Joan de Vilatorrada in Barcelona, Spain. The project started in 2007 from the ashes of Marràs. Thanks to Myspace, he is able to find concerts quickly around Spain. March 2008 sees the musician with a","title":"The Missing Leech"},{"docid":"11048892","text":"At the end of the 2012 League of Ireland season Leech is fifteenth in the all-time League of Ireland goalscoring list with 132 league goals Mick Leech Mick Leech (born 6 August 1948 in Dublin) was an Irish professional football player who made his name with Shamrock Rovers in the 1960s. He was signed by Paddy Ambrose and Liam Tuohy for Rovers in September 1966 from junior side Ormeau. He spent 6 weeks in the reserves before he made his first team debut against Dundalk at Milltown on New Year's Day 1967. Rovers drew 1–1 and Mick was substituted by","title":"Mick Leech"},{"docid":"11048887","text":"Mick Leech Mick Leech (born 6 August 1948 in Dublin) was an Irish professional football player who made his name with Shamrock Rovers in the 1960s. He was signed by Paddy Ambrose and Liam Tuohy for Rovers in September 1966 from junior side Ormeau. He spent 6 weeks in the reserves before he made his first team debut against Dundalk at Milltown on New Year's Day 1967. Rovers drew 1–1 and Mick was substituted by Billy Dixon in the second half. Leech scored his first goal for the Hoops on 4 January 1967. He played his first FAI Cup tie","title":"Mick Leech"},{"docid":"6847877","text":"at the age of 15; she cited anxiety caused by racing as one of the main factors in her decision. The second child of Johnstone Melmore and Jessie Francis Leech, Leech was born in Bendigo in Australia. She was given the name Faith after her elder sister, who died from leukaemia at the age of two. A delicate child, Leech had an aversion to eating in the first two years of her life, so her mother fed her in small hourly doses. Leech was twice rushed from the family home to a Melbourne hospital. Conventional medicine failed to rectify Leech's","title":"Faith Leech"},{"docid":"6969762","text":"Kinabalu giant red leech The Kinabalu giant red leech (\"Mimobdella buettikoferi\") is a large bright orange-red coloured leech that is endemic to Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. It can grow to a length of over . The holotype was collected by Johann Büttikofer, and the specific name \"buettikoferi\" is derived from his surname. The Kinabalu leech is not hematophagic and feeds only on worms such as the Kinabalu giant earthworm, \"Pheretima darnleiensis\". It lives in the damp leaf litter and soil that often accumulates in fissures. It can be found in Kinabalu Park at an elevation of where the trail runs over","title":"Kinabalu giant red leech"},{"docid":"5106823","text":"from popular physicists such as Stephen Hawking. In November 2018 after The Bank of England invited members of the public to vote on which figure should appear on the new £50 note, Leech said it should be Alan Turing so as to \"serve as a stark and frankly painful reminder of what we lost in Turing\" Leech led a campaign for safe standing at football matches. Standing had been banned in English football's top two divisions following the Taylor Report into the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster. Leech told the Commons that clubs should be allowed to install 'rail-seating' allowing supporters to","title":"John Leech (politician)"},{"docid":"12255750","text":"the horse leech could drive elephants mad by climbing up inside their trunks to drink blood. Pliny also noted the medicinal use of leeches in ancient Rome, stating that they were often used for gout, and that patients became addicted to the treatment. In Old English, \"lǣce\" was the name for a physician as well as for the animal, and \"lǣcecraft\", leechcraft, was the art of healing. William Wordsworth's 1802 poem \"Resolution and Independence\" describes one of the last of the leech-gatherers, people who travelled Britain catching leeches from the wild, and causing a sharp decline in their abundance, though","title":"Leech"},{"docid":"8821262","text":"A$100,000 to be donated to their nominated charity. Leech was initially voted out sixth (i.e. seventh place in the game) and his charity, Ride Aid Inc; however, he returned to the game along with Justin Melvey due to a twist to the show which took Leech to the finals. Ultimately Leech won, taking home an extra A$95000 for his charity. The money was used to build two schools in North Cambodia. Leech still trains daily, and delivers training sessions with paddling and cross-training strength exercises. Leech is married and has two daughters living in Sydney's Northern Beaches. Leech is known","title":"Guy Leech"},{"docid":"12255748","text":"to humans have been reported. Leech saliva is commonly believed to contain anesthetic compounds to numb the bite area, but this has never been proven. Although morphine-like substances have been found in leeches, they have been found in the neural tissues, not the salivary tissues. They are used by the leeches in modulating their own immunocytes and not for anesthetizing bite areas on their hosts. Depending on the species and size, leech bites can be barely noticeable or they can be fairly painful. The leech appears in Proverbs 30:15 as an archetype of insatiable greed. More widely, a leech is","title":"Leech"},{"docid":"3619999","text":"Leech Lake Leech Lake is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is southeast of Bemidji, located mainly within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, and completely within the Chippewa National Forest. It is used as a reservoir. The lake is the third largest in Minnesota, covering with of shoreline and has a maximum depth of . Leech Lake outlets to the Leech Lake River, which flows into the Mississippi River. The sole outlet to the Leech Lake River is controlled by a dam in order to regulate water levels of the lake. Leech Lake has seven major","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"10710044","text":"Jimmy Leech Jimmy Leech (April 13, 1897 – August 16, 1951) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956. Leech starred on the undefeated 1920 VMI Keydets football team, leading the nation in scoring. He is considered one of the greatest ever to player for the school. He was a prominent running back for the VMI Keydets football team of the Virginia Military Institute. In 1920, Leech was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp. On the All-Southern team's neglecting of Leech, one writer asks \"Is Virginia in the South? If","title":"Jimmy Leech"},{"docid":"19049815","text":"(1990). Leech received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts and Post Graduate DA from Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland. She is the granddaughter of Pennsylvania artist and printmaker Michael J. Gallagher and a niece of the choreographer Martha Wittman. Leech resides in New York City. Gwyneth Leech Gwyneth Leech is an American artist best known for her use of paper coffee cups as a canvas for her artistic pieces. Leech began drawing on empty paper coffee cups during meetings in 2007 and became interested in creating on the","title":"Gwyneth Leech"},{"docid":"16510797","text":"which causes the victim to choke. Throat leech In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in \"White Dwarf\" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition \"Fiend Folio\" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition \"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\" under the \"leech\" heading in the \"Monstrous Compendium Volume Two\" (1989), and in the \"Monstrous Manual\" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks","title":"Throat leech"},{"docid":"16510796","text":"Throat leech In the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in \"White Dwarf\" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition \"Fiend Folio\" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition \"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\" under the \"leech\" heading in the \"Monstrous Compendium Volume Two\" (1989), and in the \"Monstrous Manual\" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks blood until it becomes fully distended,","title":"Throat leech"},{"docid":"2219227","text":"the Leech lattice is the unique laminated lattice in 24 dimensions. The Leech lattice is also a 12-dimensional lattice over the Eisenstein integers. This is known as the complex Leech lattice, and is isomorphic to the 24-dimensional real Leech lattice. In the complex construction of the Leech lattice, the binary Golay code is replaced with the ternary Golay code, and the Mathieu group \"M\" is replaced with the Mathieu group \"M\". The \"E\" lattice, \"E\" lattice and Coxeter–Todd lattice also have constructions as complex lattices, over either the Eisenstein or Gaussian integers. The Leech lattice can also be constructed using","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"6312154","text":"Although Leech was critical of theological liberalism, unlike some Anglo-Catholics he supported the ordination of women and the rights of gay and lesbian people. His publications include guides to prayer and spiritual direction, autobiographical reflections on urban ministry and theological critiques of capitalism and social injustice. Of his weightiest theological work, \"True God\" (published in the United States as \"Experiencing God\"), the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre wrote that \"there are few other books that state in so comprehensive a fashion what is at stake in believing or not believing in the God of Catholic Christianity.\" Leech died of cancer in Manchester","title":"Kenneth Leech"},{"docid":"2219236","text":"series of the Leech lattice is where formula_21 is the normalized Eisenstein series of weight 12, formula_22 is the modular discriminant, formula_23 is the divisor function for exponent 11, and formula_24 is the Ramanujan tau function. It follows that for \"m\"≥1 the number of vectors of squared norm 2\"m\" is Many of the cross-sections of the Leech lattice, including the Coxeter–Todd lattice and Barnes–Wall lattice, in 12 and 16 dimensions, were found much earlier than the Leech lattice. discovered a related odd unimodular lattice in 24 dimensions, now called the odd Leech lattice, one of whose two even neighbors is","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"9604450","text":"Ryan Leech Ryan Leech (born February 20, 1979 in British Columbia, Canada) is a professional trials mountain bike rider. At age 13 he began racing cross-country and downhill mountain bikes. Inspired by Team ORB and Hans Rey Leech began getting increasingly involved in trials riding throughout the mid 90's. At age 16 Leech became one of the youngest trials event organizers ever after he organized and won a competition which he held in his front yard. In the spring of 1996 Leech joined Team ORB which subsequently changed into Norco Bicycles|The Norco Factory Team in 1998. He began coaching for","title":"Ryan Leech"},{"docid":"9604446","text":"Ryan Leech Ryan Leech (born February 20, 1979 in British Columbia, Canada) is a professional trials mountain bike rider. At age 13 he began racing cross-country and downhill mountain bikes. Inspired by Team ORB and Hans Rey Leech began getting increasingly involved in trials riding throughout the mid 90's. At age 16 Leech became one of the youngest trials event organizers ever after he organized and won a competition which he held in his front yard. In the spring of 1996 Leech joined Team ORB which subsequently changed into Norco Bicycles|The Norco Factory Team in 1998. He began coaching for","title":"Ryan Leech"},{"docid":"2219237","text":"the Leech lattice. The Leech lattice was discovered in 1965 by , by improving some earlier sphere packings he found . , has a single rather cryptic sentence mentioning that he found more than 10 even unimodular lattices in 24 dimensions without giving further details. stated that he found 9 of these lattices earlier in 1938, and found two more, the Niemeier lattice with A root system and the Leech lattice (and also the odd Leech lattice), in 1940. Leech lattice In mathematics, the Leech lattice is an even unimodular lattice Λ in 24-dimensional Euclidean space, which is one of","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"15886560","text":"Leech collector A leech collector, leech gatherer, or leech finder was a person occupied with procuring medicinal leeches, which were in growing demand in 19th-century Europe. Leeches were used in bloodletting but were not easy for medical practitioners to obtain. The collector would sometimes gather the leeches by attracting them to the legs of animals, often old horses. More commonplace was for the collector to use their own legs, gathering the leech after it had finished sucking enough blood. Many in the profession suffered from the effects of the loss of blood and infections spread by the leeches. Leech collectors","title":"Leech collector"},{"docid":"10710046","text":"is one of the greatest broken field runners the country has ever seen.\" Jimmy Leech Jimmy Leech (April 13, 1897 – August 16, 1951) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956. Leech starred on the undefeated 1920 VMI Keydets football team, leading the nation in scoring. He is considered one of the greatest ever to player for the school. He was a prominent running back for the VMI Keydets football team of the Virginia Military Institute. In 1920, Leech was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp. On the All-Southern","title":"Jimmy Leech"},{"docid":"3620002","text":"types. The state record lake whitefish (12 lb, 4.5 oz) and pumpkinseed (1 lb, 5.6 oz) were both caught here in 1999. Species of fish the lake contains: Grows in the shallow depths of Leech Lake, emerging through over 4,000 acres of water. Wild Rice is a valuable crop for the Leech Lake community. Grass like plants that grow in water, they can reach lengths of around ten feet. These plants are an important food resources for aquatic life in Leech Lake. Leech Lake and the surrounding national forest is home to a large population of bald eagles. They are","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"3620005","text":"as the Burbot, is rarely seen in Leech Lake, except in the winter when it is very plentiful. Events include a black-tie dinner, ice bowling, and a contest to see who can catch the largest eel pout. Leech Lake Leech Lake is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is southeast of Bemidji, located mainly within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, and completely within the Chippewa National Forest. It is used as a reservoir. The lake is the third largest in Minnesota, covering with of shoreline and has a maximum depth of . Leech Lake outlets to","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"19049810","text":"Gwyneth Leech Gwyneth Leech is an American artist best known for her use of paper coffee cups as a canvas for her artistic pieces. Leech began drawing on empty paper coffee cups during meetings in 2007 and became interested in creating on the curved cup surface and the endless supply of such a canvas. Leech first exhibited cups in 2011 as an installation in the NYC Fashion Center's Window Space for Public Art in the Garment District. Her physical presence while working in the window was a significant part of the project. In the fall of 2011, the cup project","title":"Gwyneth Leech"},{"docid":"9604449","text":"Thomas Ohler, Dylan Korba, and Leech himself. Crux is a follow up to his last film, Manifesto. In 2009 Leech graduated with his 200-hour yoga teacher certificate from teacher Eoin Finn. In 2011 Leech graduated from Integral Coaching Canada with his certificate as an Integral Master Coach™. Leech launched an online course called 'The 30 Day Wheelie Challenge' in April 2015. The success of this course inspired him to create a paid-membership based website called 'Ryan Leech Connection Online Mtn Bike Skills Coaching' where Leech teaches a wide variety of mountain bike skills, along with mental and physical fitness training.","title":"Ryan Leech"},{"docid":"3509480","text":"Leech (comics) Leech (James \"Jimmy\") is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Leech made his first appearance in \"Uncanny X-Men\" as a Morlock, a group of mutants whose deformities force them to live in the sewers under Manhattan. He is usually depicted as being around twelve years old (his exact age is unrevealed). He speaks in broken English and refers to himself in the third person. Leech first appeared in \"Uncanny X-Men\" #179 (March 1984), and was created by Chris Claremont. Leech appeared as part of the \"Morlocks\" entry in the \"Official Handbook of","title":"Leech (comics)"},{"docid":"9744310","text":"series \"Primeval\" in 2011 in series five. Leech also starred in the 2012 film adaptation \"The Sweeney\". Leech was voted sexiest Irish male in 2005 in \"U Magazine\". He was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed men in Britain in 2015. Leech played Freddie Mercury's personal manager and boyfriend Paul Prenter in the biopic \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" (2018). Which earned him a nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards. In February 2018, Leech announced his engagement to actress Jessica Blair Herman. Allen Leech Allen Leech (born 18 May 1981)","title":"Allen Leech"},{"docid":"15215048","text":"Chapter 7 for Canon & Vimeo's \"The Story Beyond the Still\" contest. Several of Leech's short films can be seen on Vimeo. Tony Leech Tony Leech is an American director, screenwriter and editor. Born in Southfield, Michigan on May 28, 1968, he currently lives in Los Angeles. Tony attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. While a student there, Leech and fellow ORU student Mark Steele (comedian/producer), along with some friends, wrote and performed a sketch comedy show called Standing Room Only, or SRO. Leech acted, wrote, directed, and edited for the \"Fire By Nite\" Christian variety show that was","title":"Tony Leech"},{"docid":"12255747","text":"sucker (at the front end), repeating at the other end, then flicking the leech away. Common, but medically inadvisable, removal techniques are to apply a lit cigarette, salt, soap, or vinegar to the leech. These cause the leech to detach quickly, but also to regurgitate its stomach contents into the wound, with a risk of infection. Leeches normally carry parasites in their digestive tracts, which cannot survive in humans and do not pose a threat; however, bacteria, viruses, and parasites from previous blood sources can survive within a leech for months. Nevertheless, only a few cases of leeches transmitting pathogens","title":"Leech"},{"docid":"3620004","text":"Lake Indian Reservation which encompasses most all of Leech Lake. On October 5, 1898, Leech Lake was the location of a conflict between Ojibwe and Federal troops of the United States, the Battle of Sugar Point. A firefight broke out between the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment and the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe after one of the soldiers sent to retrieve a bootlegger mistakenly fired his rifle. Oscar Burkard received the Medal of Honor on August 21, 1899 for his participation in the battle. Every February, Leech Lake is home to the International Eelpout Festival. The eel pout, also known","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"15886562","text":"or more, and even when they had finished the resultant wound continued to bleed for up to ten hours. Leech collectors were not well paid. William Wordsworth's poem \"Resolution and Independence\", written in 1802 and published in 1807, was inspired by an encounter Wordsworth had with a \"leech-gatherer\". In Stanza XV he describes the hardships that the old, poor leech collector had endured: Parts of the poem have been interpreted as drawing similarities between leech collectors and poets, comparing the difficulties of finding leeches with the struggle to write poetry. The old man in the story is said to \"have","title":"Leech collector"},{"docid":"19201627","text":"to Syria to join the so-called Islamic State, and documented the Mosque's attempts to help the missing girls' grieving families, while simultaneously battling allegations from sections of the media that they were responsible for radicalising the girls themselves. Robb Leech Robb Leech is a British documentary filmmaker and former tree surgeon. His stepbrother, Richard Dart, converted to an extreme form of Islam in 2009, and later became a convicted terrorist. Leech made two films charting Dart's conversion and later conviction and imprisonment: \"My Brother the Islamist\" in 2011 and \"My Brother the Terrorist\" in 2014. In 2015 Leech made a","title":"Robb Leech"},{"docid":"15215045","text":"Tony Leech Tony Leech is an American director, screenwriter and editor. Born in Southfield, Michigan on May 28, 1968, he currently lives in Los Angeles. Tony attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. While a student there, Leech and fellow ORU student Mark Steele (comedian/producer), along with some friends, wrote and performed a sketch comedy show called Standing Room Only, or SRO. Leech acted, wrote, directed, and edited for the \"Fire By Nite\" Christian variety show that was based at Willie George Ministries in Tulsa. He also worked on projects with Teen Mania Ministries, then based in Tulsa and headed","title":"Tony Leech"},{"docid":"5106826","text":"launched a Manchester-based campaign to tackle what he described as an \"appalling\" rise in homophobic and transphobic bullying in local schools. In September 2017, Leech released a report on homophobic and transphobic bullying in Manchester's schools. It revealed that incidents had doubled in the last two years. Speaking at the Liberal Democrats conference, he said ‘We have absolutely no right to claim we live in a decent society when this kind of behaviour is still rife in our schools.’ 17 schools refused to take part in his report which he criticised as a 'worrying lack of transparency'. Leech pledged to","title":"John Leech (politician)"},{"docid":"3509491","text":"the Fantastic Four, Leech has also been shown to dampen abilities that are non-mutant in origin. Leech dampened Hazmat of the Avengers Academy, and during Marvel's \"Mutant Massacre\" crossover event, Leech negated the powers of the superhero team Power Pack, whose abilities were bestowed on them by an extraterrestrial. When his ability has been targeted at mutants with super strength, at times his victims have become temporarily thin and frail. Leech is among the featured Morlocks that are survivors of Mister Sinister's experiments. Leech was introduced to the Ultimate Marvel Universe in \"Ultimate X-Men\" #82 as a member of the","title":"Leech (comics)"},{"docid":"1111499","text":"a median income of $40,469 versus $18,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,112. About 13.3% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota Leech Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2000 census. This township took its name from Leech Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which, of it","title":"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota"},{"docid":"14360363","text":"Roxy Leech Roxy Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. She first appeared in \"Adventures of Superman\" #502 in July 1993 and for a time was a regular supporting character in the Superboy line of comics. Roxy is the beautiful, and tough daughter of the Con-man Rex Leech. From the first day she met Superboy, she immediately fell hard for him. Due to Sam Makoa's and Superboy's influencing, she is a cadet of the Hawaii S.C.U. She has never been happy with her father's career, but when he represented Superboy her life got better. Superboy and everyone","title":"Roxy Leech"},{"docid":"20697870","text":"these two cells are not equipotent. Each segment of the body of the leech is generated from one M, O, P cell types and two N and two Q cells types. The ectoderm and mesoderm of the body trunk are exclusively derived from the teloblast cells in a region called the posterior progress zone. The head of the leech that comes from an unsegmented region, is formed by the first set of micromeres derived from A, B, C and D cells, keeping the bilateral symmetry between the AD and BC cells. Leech embryogenesis Leech embryogenesis is the process by which","title":"Leech embryogenesis"},{"docid":"2219219","text":"Leech lattice In mathematics, the Leech lattice is an even unimodular lattice Λ in 24-dimensional Euclidean space, which is one of the best models for the kissing number problem. It was discovered by . It may also have been discovered (but not published) by Ernst Witt in 1940. The Leech lattice Λ is the unique lattice in with the following list of properties: The last condition is equivalent to the condition that unit balls centered at the points of Λ do not overlap. Each is tangent to 196,560 neighbors, and this is known to be the largest number of non-overlapping","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"14351493","text":"human status he becomes a valued member of the super-powered crowd at Guy Gardner's 'Warrior's bar. Rex Leech also became a favored friend of the non-powered canine Krypto and the sentient genetic life form Dubbilex. Rex and Roxy move on with their lives when they incorrectly believe Superboy to be dead. Krypto is taken in by a family friend he adores. Rex Leech is a shrewd businessman and a fast-talker. His talents lie in the areas of entertainment management, cross-promotion and copyright law. Rex Leech Rex Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. He first appeared in","title":"Rex Leech"},{"docid":"12612020","text":"Colin Leech Colin Leech (30 August 1889 – 6 March 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1922. Leech was born in Hayfield, Derbyshire and made his first appearance for Hayfield Cricket Club in 1905 at the age of sixteen and rapidly became one of its most highly regarded players. He made a single first-class appearance for Derbyshire in the 1922 season, against Glamorgan. He was a right-handed batsman and batting as an opener, scored 12 runs in the first innings of the match and 26 runs in the second innings, partnering Joseph Bowden. Leech died in","title":"Colin Leech"},{"docid":"20697867","text":"Leech embryogenesis Leech embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo of the leech forms and develops. The embryonic development of the larva occurs as a series of stages. During stage 1, the first cleavage occurs, which gives rise to an AB and a CD blastomere, and is in the interphase of this cell division when a yolk-free cytoplasm called teloplasm is formed. The teloplasm is known to be a determinant for the specification of the D cell fate. In stage 3, during the second cleavage, an unequal division occurs in the CD blastomere. As a consequence, it creates a","title":"Leech embryogenesis"},{"docid":"1959874","text":"John Leech (caricaturist) John Leech (29 August 1817 – 29 October 1864 in London) was a British caricaturist and illustrator. He is best known for his work for \"Punch\", a humorous magazine for a broad middle-class audience, combining verbal and graphic political satire with light social comedy. Leech catered to contemporary prejudices, such as anti-Americanism and antisemitism and supported acceptable social reforms. Leech's critical yet humorous cartoons on the Crimean War help shape public attitudes toward heroism, warfare, and Britons' role in the world. John Leech was born in London. His father, a native of Ireland, was the landlord of","title":"John Leech (caricaturist)"},{"docid":"5683105","text":"rising downloads, uploads are still guaranteed, although few contributors in the system account for most services. Leech (computing) In computing and specifically Internet, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others' information or effort but does not offer anything in return, or makes only token offerings in an attempt to avoid being called a leech. In economics, this type of behavior is called \"free riding\" and is associated with the free rider problem. Depending on context, leeching does not necessarily refer to \"illegal\" use of computer resources, but often instead to \"greedy\" use according to etiquette: to wit,","title":"Leech (computing)"},{"docid":"6847885","text":"with Leech finishing second and third in the two races. After combining with Fraser, Crapp and Margaret Gibson to break the world record for the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, Leech was selected as one of Australia's three entrants in the 100-metre freestyle events and one of six swimmers for the 4×100-metre freestyle relay squad for the Olympics. Having arrived at the Olympics, Leech made her debut in the 100-metre freestyle, an event in which she, Fraser and Crapp were regarded as the three strongest competitors, although the latter two were considered to be substantially stronger. All three won their heats. Leech","title":"Faith Leech"},{"docid":"17435111","text":"Eccles, and on 2 May 1610 he took the college oath. He was ordained priest on 21 April 1612, left Rome for England on 22 April 1618, and in the same year entered the Society of Jesus. In 1621 Leech was at the English Jesuit college at Liège, and in the following year he was on the English mission in the \"College of St. Aloysius\" (Lancashire district). For some time he resided, as chaplain, with Mr. Massey of Hooton, Cheshire, where he died on 18 July (O.S.) 1629. Leech was the author of: Humphrey Leech Humphrey Leech (1571–1629) was an","title":"Humphrey Leech"},{"docid":"8813745","text":"the South of France, to Marseilles, Grasse and Cagnes-sur-Mer. Leech was well known for his illustrations of Concarneau harbour. The works of Leech feature coastal and harbour scenes, landscapes, interiors, still life and portraits. . J. An Irish Artist W. J. Leech R H A. An Introductory Guide to his artistic career. Published by Alan Denson 4 August 1968 n William John Leech William John Leech (10 April 1881 – 16 July 1968) was an Irish painter. Leech was born in Dublin and went to school at St Columba's College, Dublin in Rathfarnham, later studying at the Metropolitan School. He","title":"William John Leech"},{"docid":"16105277","text":"Suffolk to Ruth Elliot. In September 1938 he retired from the Royal Air Force due to ill-health. Leech died on 5 May 1939 at St Bartholomews Hospital in London, aged 31. Haliburton Hume Leech Flight Lieutenant Haliburton Hume Leech (1908-1939) was a Royal Air Force aviator, air racer and test pilot. Leech was born on 16 April 1908 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland the son of Joseph William Leech a surgeon and later mayor and member of parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne. Leech joined the Royal Air Force in 1925 as a cadet and on 10 April 1926 gained his","title":"Haliburton Hume Leech"},{"docid":"1111496","text":"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota Leech Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2000 census. This township took its name from Leech Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (34.26%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 384 people, 155 households, and 119 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.6 people per square mile (6.4/km²). There were 285 housing units at an average density of","title":"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota"},{"docid":"19201626","text":"Robb Leech Robb Leech is a British documentary filmmaker and former tree surgeon. His stepbrother, Richard Dart, converted to an extreme form of Islam in 2009, and later became a convicted terrorist. Leech made two films charting Dart's conversion and later conviction and imprisonment: \"My Brother the Islamist\" in 2011 and \"My Brother the Terrorist\" in 2014. In 2015 Leech made a third film \"Welcome to the Mosque\", which explored the everyday life at the East London Mosque, in Whitechapel, one of the biggest mosques in the UK. Leech's filming coincided with three schoolgirls from nearby Bethnal Green Academy fleeing","title":"Robb Leech"},{"docid":"9744305","text":"Bohemian Rhapsody. Leech was born in Killiney, County Dublin, to David Leech, the CEO of a computer systems company, and Kay Leech, a housewife. He is the third of four children; he has an older brother, Greg, an older sister, Ali, and a younger brother, Simon. He attended St Michael's College. Leech became interested in acting at 11 when he was given the part of the Cowardly Lion in a school production of \"The Wizard of Oz\" and found he loved being on stage. He recalled how he immediately decided to become an actor when Peter McDonald told him how","title":"Allen Leech"},{"docid":"8356696","text":"of an \"absolute politeness\" which does not vary according to situation, whereas most politeness theorists maintain that politeness cannot be identified out of context. In his article \"Politeness: Is there an East-West divide?\" (2007), Leech addresses these criticisms and presents a revision of his politeness model. Geoffrey Leech Geoffrey Neil Leech FBA (16 January 1936 – 19 August 2014) was a specialist in English language and linguistics. He was the author, co-author or editor of over 30 books and over 120 published papers. His main academic interests were English grammar, corpus linguistics, stylistics, pragmatics and semantics. Leech was born in","title":"Geoffrey Leech"},{"docid":"6847887","text":"ahead of the field, finishing in 1 minute 2.0 seconds and 1 minute 2.3 seconds, respectively. Leech overtook the United States' Joan Rosazza in the final 25 metres to take bronze in 1 minute 5.1 seconds. The race for third place had been tight, with just 0.7 of a second separating Leech and the final finisher. The youngest swimmer in the field, Leech had come through to claim the last podium position. Leech said that it was an emotional occasion, having seen the Australian men take a trifecta in the corresponding event on the previous night of racing. As the","title":"Faith Leech"},{"docid":"15886565","text":"of bloodletting and the use of leeches was questioned in the mid-to-late 19th century, under the influence of Rudolf Virchow's work on cellular processes and the eventual rise of the germ theory of disease. Leeches are now used again in modern medicine, but they are not collected from the wild. Leech collector A leech collector, leech gatherer, or leech finder was a person occupied with procuring medicinal leeches, which were in growing demand in 19th-century Europe. Leeches were used in bloodletting but were not easy for medical practitioners to obtain. The collector would sometimes gather the leeches by attracting them","title":"Leech collector"},{"docid":"17755796","text":"Britain. He was also a member of the Middle Temple, and held the rank of Major with the Royal Army Medical Corps. He also qualified as a barrister, became a member of Newcastle City Council in 1932, and was elected Mayor in 1932. Joseph Leech Sir Joseph William Leech (1865 – 30 May 1940) was a Unionist Party (now Conservative Party) politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne West between 1931 and 1940. The son of Isaac Leech and Sarah, Leech was christened on 7 May 1865 in Cleator, Cumberland. He was educated at Newcastle University","title":"Joseph Leech"},{"docid":"17755795","text":"Joseph Leech Sir Joseph William Leech (1865 – 30 May 1940) was a Unionist Party (now Conservative Party) politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne West between 1931 and 1940. The son of Isaac Leech and Sarah, Leech was christened on 7 May 1865 in Cleator, Cumberland. He was educated at Newcastle University before becoming consulting surgeon to the Royal Victoria Infirmary and Throat and Ear Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne. He became president of the University of Durham Medical Graduates' Association and Newcastle Clinical Society, and a senior fellow of the Association of Surgeons of Great","title":"Joseph Leech"},{"docid":"3509490","text":"reason that Reed Richards wanted him to be with Franklin. Leech later joins Reed's new Future Foundation superhero team. Leech can dampen or completely suppress, neutralize, and negate for an undetermined amount of time the powers and abilities of any superpowerd beings within 50 feet of him. His dampening ability in the beginning was involuntary and uncontrollable, but now his ability appears to be under his conscious control. Leech explained to Johnny Dee he could consciously bring his dampening field in close, so that persons are not dampened unless they touch him. Although Leech has at times dampened non-mutants like","title":"Leech (comics)"},{"docid":"5106820","text":"and that it was instead, “an uncomfortable truth about Manchester Council.” Leech was re-elected to Manchester City Council in May 2018, topping the ballot and increasing his share of the vote to 55%. Lib Dem leader Vince Cable personally commended Leech for a \"fantastic campaign\". He was selected as Leader of the Opposition. In 2018, Leech marked 20 years in elected public office. Lib Dem leader Vince Cable personally congratulated Leech on his \"unparalleled 20 years in public service and extraordinary dedication to Manchester and its residents.\" In 2005 Leech campaigned for the Metrolink tram system to come through his","title":"John Leech (politician)"},{"docid":"8099974","text":"The Leech Woman The Leech Woman is a 1960 American horror film directed by Edward Dein. It was released theatrically in 1960 on a double bill with the British film \"The Brides of Dracula\". A mysterious old woman named Malla (Estelle Hemsley) who claims to have been brought to America 140 years ago by Arab slavers approaches endocrinologist Dr. Paul Talbot (Phillip Terry) and promises to reveal to him the secret of eternal youth. Following her back to Africa, he and his aging, unhappy wife June (Coleen Gray) witness a secret ceremony of the Nando tribe that utilizes orchid pollen","title":"The Leech Woman"},{"docid":"8099978","text":"Theater 3000: 25th Anniversary Edition\" DVD set. The Leech Woman The Leech Woman is a 1960 American horror film directed by Edward Dein. It was released theatrically in 1960 on a double bill with the British film \"The Brides of Dracula\". A mysterious old woman named Malla (Estelle Hemsley) who claims to have been brought to America 140 years ago by Arab slavers approaches endocrinologist Dr. Paul Talbot (Phillip Terry) and promises to reveal to him the secret of eternal youth. Following her back to Africa, he and his aging, unhappy wife June (Coleen Gray) witness a secret ceremony of","title":"The Leech Woman"},{"docid":"9604447","text":"The West Coast School of Mountain Biking at age 16. At age 24 Leech married Caryn Tressel. Leech has performed in many events across North America and has made appearances in many different mountain biking films including: The Kranked Series, Ride to the Hills, The Collective and Roam, among many others. In 2004 Leech produced and starred in his own film: Manifesto where he attempted to transform trials riding by eliminating setup and recovery hops. In late 2005, Leech released his second DVD Mastering the Art of Trials, which was an instructional compilation of 38 trials related skills. Leech performed","title":"Ryan Leech"},{"docid":"14351489","text":"Rex Leech Rex Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. He first appeared in \"Adventures of Superman\" #502 in July 1993 and for a time was a regular supporting character in the Superboy line of comics. Rex was first introduced after the 'Death of Superman'. During the actual funeral procession, Rex, backed up by two gun toting men, try to buy the rights to Jimmy Olsen's picture of Superman dead. Olsen punches Leech in the face. The promoter then has his goons threaten to shoot Jimmy in the knees. Robin stops the incident. He was used by","title":"Rex Leech"},{"docid":"8821263","text":"throughout the Northern Beaches by his catch phrase \"Done.\", responding as such to any question asked of him. Guy Leech Guy Leech (born 29 February 1964) is a former Australian Ironman surf lifesaving champion. Now retired from formal competition, he won seven Uncle Toby's Super Series races and twice won The Coolangatta Gold. Leech remained undefeated over surf's toughest event and in 1989 won the Uncle Toby's version titled the \"Gold Coast Gold\" which made it his third victory over that distance. By 1989 the sport had now gone professional, making the field assembled for the 1989 race far more","title":"Guy Leech"},{"docid":"8821260","text":"Guy Leech Guy Leech (born 29 February 1964) is a former Australian Ironman surf lifesaving champion. Now retired from formal competition, he won seven Uncle Toby's Super Series races and twice won The Coolangatta Gold. Leech remained undefeated over surf's toughest event and in 1989 won the Uncle Toby's version titled the \"Gold Coast Gold\" which made it his third victory over that distance. By 1989 the sport had now gone professional, making the field assembled for the 1989 race far more elite than when he had won in 1984 and 1985. He also won the World Ironman Championships in","title":"Guy Leech"},{"docid":"3509487","text":"and Sean were forced to open the school to human students. In order to keep Artie and Leech from being isolated, Emma gave them both an image inducer in the form of watches. The boys were quick to abuse this new technology, and were quickly set straight by Emma. Soon after, the school became exposed as a home for mutants, and Artie, Leech, and Penance were all sent away to protect them from any possible dangers that might arrive. At some point, Leech is captured by the revived Weapon X program and was used by the Weapon X program to","title":"Leech (comics)"},{"docid":"6847895","text":"in a seven-hour operation followed by six weeks of radiotherapy treatment. This experience prompted her to become a volunteer for the Cancer Council and help those who were diagnosed with the disease. In February 2003, Leech phoned quadruple Olympic champion Betty Cuthbert to comfort her during her recovery from a brain hemorrhage. In October 2006, Leech combined with 1956 teammate John Devitt to launch \"50 Years On—The Melbourne Olympics\", a series of stamps from the Australia Post. Leech is an inductee of the Path of Champions at Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre. She died at her home on 14 September","title":"Faith Leech"},{"docid":"9744304","text":"Allen Leech Allen Leech (born 18 May 1981) is an Irish actor best known for his role as Tom Branson on the historical drama series \"Downton Abbey\". He made his professional acting debut with a small part in a 1998 production of \"A Streetcar Named Desire\", made his first major film appearance as Vincent Cusack in \"Cowboys & Angels\", and earned an Irish Film & Television Awards nomination in 2004 with his performance as Mo Chara in \"Man About Dog\". Leech played Marcus Agrippa on the HBO historical drama series \"Rome\". He also played Paul Prenter in the 2018 biopic","title":"Allen Leech"},{"docid":"10151273","text":"Pats career scoring twice in his first four games before suffering a broken leg against Dundalk on 27 March 2009. After a number of months out of action Leech returned to fitness but struggled to regain his position in the Saint's starting XI. He parted company with St. Patrick's Athletic at the end of 2009 and he re-joined former club Shelbourne on 25 March 2010. Drogheda United Shelbourne Mark Leech Mark Leech (born 9 December 1985 in Dublin, Ireland), is an Irish footballer who played for various clubs in the League of Ireland including St. Patricks Athletic, Drogheda and Shamrock","title":"Mark Leech"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"5061241","text":"school, and Leech Lake Tribal College, which grants associate degrees. Like the Red Lake and White Earth Bands, the Leech Lake Band is known for its tradition of singing hymns in the Ojibwe language. Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, also known as the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians or the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, and as \"Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag Ojibweg\" in the Ojibwe language, is an Ojibwe band located in Minnesota and one of six making up the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. The band had 9,426 enrolled tribal members as of March 2014.","title":"Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe"},{"docid":"19789527","text":"What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released","title":"What a Beautiful Name"},{"docid":"16105275","text":"Haliburton Hume Leech Flight Lieutenant Haliburton Hume Leech (1908-1939) was a Royal Air Force aviator, air racer and test pilot. Leech was born on 16 April 1908 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland the son of Joseph William Leech a surgeon and later mayor and member of parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne. Leech joined the Royal Air Force in 1925 as a cadet and on 10 April 1926 gained his Royal Aero Club Aviators Certificate (No. 7993) at the Newcastle upon Tyne Aero Club using a De Havilland Moth. Commissioned in 1927 he left the Royal Air Force College Cranwell and","title":"Haliburton Hume Leech"},{"docid":"9334870","text":"tribal government and receives about 11% of its annual funding from the Leech Lake Tribal Council. LLTC competes as the Lakers within the Northern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. Current 2009-2012 2005-2008 2003-2005 2002-2003 (Tribal Council) 1998-2002 (Tribal Council) 1994-1998 (Tribal Council) 1990-1994 (Tribal Council) Leech Lake Tribal College Leech Lake Tribal College (LLTC) is an accredited, two-year, public, non-profit higher education institution awarding associate degrees and certificates. The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe established Leech Lake Tribal College in July 1990. For two years, courses were offered in extension from the University of Minnesota at Duluth, Bemidji State University, Itasca and","title":"Leech Lake Tribal College"},{"docid":"2219230","text":"the ring of integers gives the Leech lattice. If \"L\" is the set of octonions with coordinates on the formula_9 lattice, then the Leech lattice is the set of triplets formula_10 such that where formula_14. The Leech lattice is highly symmetrical. Its automorphism group is the Conway group Co, which is of order 8 315 553 613 086 720 000. The center of Co has two elements, and the quotient of Co by this center is the Conway group Co, a finite simple group. Many other sporadic groups, such as the remaining Conway groups and Mathieu groups, can be constructed","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"1959890","text":"We find in it little of the exaggeration and grotesqueness, and none of the fierce political enthusiasm, of which the designs of James Gillray are so full. Compared with that of his great contemporary, George Cruikshank, his work is restricted both in compass of subject and in artistic dexterity. Biographies of Leech have been written by John Leech (caricaturist) John Leech (29 August 1817 – 29 October 1864 in London) was a British caricaturist and illustrator. He is best known for his work for \"Punch\", a humorous magazine for a broad middle-class audience, combining verbal and graphic political satire with","title":"John Leech (caricaturist)"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"3620000","text":"inlets that include Portage Lake Creek, Sucker Creek, Steamboat River, Benedict River, Shingobee River, Bishop Creek, and the Boy River. There are also nine minor inlets that flow into Leech Lake. Leech Lake hosts eleven islands that cover a total of 1,617 acres of land. The following list is in order from largest to smallest. The long, narrow Shingobee Bay is part of Leech Lake, and is located on its southern end. Shingobee Bay, and the adjacent Walker Bay, boast some of the deepest parts in the entire lake. Also known as purple loosestrife. This is an invasive plant that","title":"Leech Lake"},{"docid":"3509492","text":"Morlocks. He was never shown using his powers, so it is unclear as to whether or not they are the same. He looks similar, but more like an old man than a child. He was shot and killed by Sinister in issue #90. Leech (comics) Leech (James \"Jimmy\") is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Leech made his first appearance in \"Uncanny X-Men\" as a Morlock, a group of mutants whose deformities force them to live in the sewers under Manhattan. He is usually depicted as being around twelve years old (his exact age","title":"Leech (comics)"},{"docid":"3526567","text":"Margaret Leech Margaret Kernochan Leech (November 7, 1893 – February 24, 1974), also known as Margaret Pulitzer, was an American historian and fiction writer. She won the Pulitzer Prize for History both in 1942 (\"Reveille in Washington\", Harper) (first woman to win for history) and in 1960 (\"In the Days of McKinley\", Harper). She was born in Newburgh, New York, obtained a B.A. from Vassar College in 1915, and worked for fund-raising organizations during World War I, including the American Committee for Devastated France. She started her writing career for the Condé Nast publishing company before World War I. Leech","title":"Margaret Leech"},{"docid":"14494732","text":"in 2013. The John Leech Soul Show is on the BBC Eastern Region every Sunday. The programme can be heard John Leech (DJ) John Leech is a radio presenter in the United Kingdom known for his award-winning radio shows. He began his career in the music library at Capital Radio in London in the 1980s. He became the early morning host on Capital Radio and also DJ'd at Capital Radio's Best Disco in Town. Leechy joined Essex Radio in 1986 where he gained notoriety over a 15-year spell on air. His evening soul shows set all-time record audience figures for","title":"John Leech (DJ)"},{"docid":"15470927","text":"Edward Leech (MP) Sir Edward Leech (1572–1652) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1614 and 1625. In 1614, Leech was elected Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel. He was elected MP for Derby in 1621. He was of Cheshire when he was knighted by King James at Windsor on 9 September 1621 and about this time became Master in Chancery. He was re-elected MP for Derby in 1624 and in 1625. He owned property in Derbyshire at Chatsworth, Shipley and Belper. Leech died in 1652 at the age of about 80. Great-grandfather of","title":"Edward Leech (MP)"},{"docid":"15470926","text":"1893. Upon retiring from government service, Leech became Vice President of the National Union Bank in New York City. At the 1896 Republican National Convention, Leech played a major role in securing a plank in the party's platform favorable to maintaining the gold standard. Leech died of complications related to appendicitis at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York on May 1, 1900. Edward O. Leech Edward Owen Leech (December 9, 1850 – May 1, 1900) was Director of the United States Mint from 1889 to 1893. Edward O. Leech was born on December 9, 1850, in Washington, D.C. where his","title":"Edward O. Leech"},{"docid":"16342479","text":"What Yo Name Iz? \"What Yo Name Iz?\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \"Procrastination Kills 3\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \"Billboard\" charts. The official remix to \"What Yo Name Iz?\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for this song. \"What Yo Name Iz?\" was the first song by Kirko Bangz to chart on the billboard charts. It debuted at number 97 on","title":"What Yo Name Iz?"},{"docid":"10151272","text":"12 goals making him Shelbourne's top goalscorer for the 2007 season. Leech's loan spell at Shelbourne ended at the end of the 2007 season. He signed for Galway United in December 2007 but his spell at Terryland Park only lasted 6 months. Leech signed for Shamrock Rovers on 3 July 2008; he made his Hoops debut the following day as a substitute against Cobh Ramblers. Leech released by Shamrock Rovers at the end of the 2008 season but he was later signed by St. Patrick's Athletic before the start of the 2009 season. Leech made an impressive start to his","title":"Mark Leech"},{"docid":"12612021","text":"Frome at the age of 72. Colin Leech Colin Leech (30 August 1889 – 6 March 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1922. Leech was born in Hayfield, Derbyshire and made his first appearance for Hayfield Cricket Club in 1905 at the age of sixteen and rapidly became one of its most highly regarded players. He made a single first-class appearance for Derbyshire in the 1922 season, against Glamorgan. He was a right-handed batsman and batting as an opener, scored 12 runs in the first innings of the match and 26 runs in the second innings,","title":"Colin Leech"},{"docid":"10151269","text":"students' Under 21 panel and broke into the UCD first team making limited appearances. Leech scored his only UCD goal against Waterford United at Belfield Park on 22 September 2003 aged just 17. Leech departed UCD during the 2004 season before he was due to begin his scholarship to sign for Drogheda United in July 2004, the club of his former boss at UCD Paul Doolin. He fought his way into the Drogheda United first team with numerous impressive displays for their Under 21 side. As one of the Drogs most impressive young talents, Leech was capped for Republic of","title":"Mark Leech"},{"docid":"2219233","text":"23 orbits of them under the automorphism group of the Leech lattice, and these orbits correspond to the 23 Niemeier lattices other than the Leech lattice: the set of vertices of deep hole is isometric to the affine Dynkin diagram of the corresponding Niemeier lattice. The Leech lattice has a density of formula_17. showed that it gives the densest lattice packing of balls in 24-dimensional space. improved this by showing that it is the densest sphere packing, even among non-lattice packings. The 196560 minimal vectors are of three different varieties, known as \"shapes\": The ternary Golay code, binary Golay code","title":"Leech lattice"},{"docid":"3509489","text":"the bunker. Leech accompanies Caliban down to the old Morlock tunnels where they are attacked by an extremist group of Morlocks led by Masque, who after knocking out Caliban, kidnaps Leech because he needs Leech's powers. He is then rescued by the X-Men and Skids. Leech and Artie Maddicks were invited to Franklin Richards's birthday, and as a gift, Franklin invited them to live with the Fantastic Four. The two are now in a special class with intelligent moloids, Alex Power (Zero-G) of the Power Pack and other gifted kids. It is later revealed that Leech's cancelling powers were the","title":"Leech (comics)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"10151268\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Leech Mark Leech (born 9 December 1985 in Dublin, Ireland), is an Irish footballer who played for various clubs in the League of Ireland including St. Patricks Athletic, Drogheda and Shamrock Rovers and is the son of former Shamrock Rovers and Republic of Ireland international Mick Leech. After making a name for himself as an up-and-coming talent at youth level and as part of the FAIS International squad, Leech began his senior footballing career after being snapped up by UCD in 2003 for a deferred scholarship while he was still at school. He played on numerous occasions for the\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5683101\",\n \"text\": \"community that provides it. The name derives from the leech, an animal that sucks blood and then tries to leave unnoticed. Other terms are used, such as \\\"freeloader\\\" and \\\"sponge\\\", but leech is the most common. In games (whether a traditional tabletop RPG, LARPing, or even MMORPG) the term \\\"leech\\\" is given to someone who avoids confrontation and sits out while another player fights and gains experience for the person, or \\\"leecher\\\", who is avoiding confrontation. Amongst users of the BitTorrent file distribution protocol and common P2P networks, such as the eDonkey network or Gnutella2, a leech is a user\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (computing)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3620003\",\n \"text\": \"known to return to their same nests when mature. Populations have risen over the last few decades. On early maps, Leech Lake is identified in French as \\\"lac Sangsue\\\" (Bloodsucker Lake), which was then translated into English to its current name; its French name was translated from the Ojibwe \\\"\\\"Ozagaskwaajimekaag-zaaga'igan\\\"\\\" (lake abundant with bloodsuckers). In 1855, the Leech Lake Indian Reservation was established on the south shore of Leech Lake, along with two other Indian Reservations in the area, which along with two additional Indian Reservations, the five Indian Reservations were amalgamated in 1936 to form the current \\\"Greater\\\" Leech\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10498416\",\n \"text\": \"The Missing Leech The Missing Leech (real name Maurici Ribera) is an anti folk musician from Sant Joan de Vilatorrada in Barcelona, Spain. The project started in 2007 from the ashes of Marràs. Thanks to Myspace, he is able to find concerts quickly around Spain. March 2008 sees the musician with a busy agenda to follow and with many projects to complete. Touring England for the first time. Maurici Ribera who was involved in the punk rock band Marràs. From the ashes of Marràs, a punk rock band that lasted from 2003 till 2005, Maurici Ribera, after a short stint\",\n \"title\": \"The Missing Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9512303\",\n \"text\": \"species of fish. Egg sucking leech The egg-sucking leech is an artificial fly used in fly fishing. Its name comes from its resemblance to a leech in the process of consuming a fish egg. The body of the lure is dark-colored like a leech, often black or purple, and the tip of the lure is bright red or orange to look like a small rounded fish egg. It is effective for catching fish which might be interested in prey items such as leeches. It is popular for steelhead fishing. This fly can be used to capture salmon, trout, bass, pike,\",\n \"title\": \"Egg sucking leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9512302\",\n \"text\": \"Egg sucking leech The egg-sucking leech is an artificial fly used in fly fishing. Its name comes from its resemblance to a leech in the process of consuming a fish egg. The body of the lure is dark-colored like a leech, often black or purple, and the tip of the lure is bright red or orange to look like a small rounded fish egg. It is effective for catching fish which might be interested in prey items such as leeches. It is popular for steelhead fishing. This fly can be used to capture salmon, trout, bass, pike, and many other\",\n \"title\": \"Egg sucking leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15076714\",\n \"text\": \"The Cup was lost in 1913 and was not recovered until 1927. The trophy is awarded each year in the NRA National High Power Championships. The 1903 Cup was awarded to Corporal Charles Blish Winder of the Ohio National Guard. Leech Cup The Leech Cup is an award name after Arthur Blennerhassett Leech, and given to long range shooters. It is the oldest trophy awarded in competitive target shooting in the United States. Firing is with rifles equipped with metallic, non-magnifying sights. The cup was presented to the Amateur Rifle Club of New York by Arthur Blennerhassett Leech. He was\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15076713\",\n \"text\": \"Leech Cup The Leech Cup is an award name after Arthur Blennerhassett Leech, and given to long range shooters. It is the oldest trophy awarded in competitive target shooting in the United States. Firing is with rifles equipped with metallic, non-magnifying sights. The cup was presented to the Amateur Rifle Club of New York by Arthur Blennerhassett Leech. He was the Captain of the Irish Rifle Team and in 1874 he had the cup made to celebrate his team coming to America. It was presented to the National Rifle Association in 1901 by the Amateur Rifle Club of New York.\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5683100\",\n \"text\": \"Leech (computing) In computing and specifically Internet, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others' information or effort but does not offer anything in return, or makes only token offerings in an attempt to avoid being called a leech. In economics, this type of behavior is called \\\"free riding\\\" and is associated with the free rider problem. Depending on context, leeching does not necessarily refer to \\\"illegal\\\" use of computer resources, but often instead to \\\"greedy\\\" use according to etiquette: to wit, using too much of what is freely given without contributing a reasonable amount back to the\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (computing)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10498421\",\n \"text\": \"at the Sidewalk Café. In 2010 his first album A Set of Dreams in Lo-Fi was finally scheduled with tours in Germany, Canada, Iceland and Greenland. In 2011 he was highly involved in Daniel Johnston and Toy Love tributes as well as playing again at Primavera Sound Festival. The Missing Leech The Missing Leech (real name Maurici Ribera) is an anti folk musician from Sant Joan de Vilatorrada in Barcelona, Spain. The project started in 2007 from the ashes of Marràs. Thanks to Myspace, he is able to find concerts quickly around Spain. March 2008 sees the musician with a\",\n \"title\": \"The Missing Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11048892\",\n \"text\": \"At the end of the 2012 League of Ireland season Leech is fifteenth in the all-time League of Ireland goalscoring list with 132 league goals Mick Leech Mick Leech (born 6 August 1948 in Dublin) was an Irish professional football player who made his name with Shamrock Rovers in the 1960s. He was signed by Paddy Ambrose and Liam Tuohy for Rovers in September 1966 from junior side Ormeau. He spent 6 weeks in the reserves before he made his first team debut against Dundalk at Milltown on New Year's Day 1967. Rovers drew 1–1 and Mick was substituted by\",\n \"title\": \"Mick Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11048887\",\n \"text\": \"Mick Leech Mick Leech (born 6 August 1948 in Dublin) was an Irish professional football player who made his name with Shamrock Rovers in the 1960s. He was signed by Paddy Ambrose and Liam Tuohy for Rovers in September 1966 from junior side Ormeau. He spent 6 weeks in the reserves before he made his first team debut against Dundalk at Milltown on New Year's Day 1967. Rovers drew 1–1 and Mick was substituted by Billy Dixon in the second half. Leech scored his first goal for the Hoops on 4 January 1967. He played his first FAI Cup tie\",\n \"title\": \"Mick Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6847877\",\n \"text\": \"at the age of 15; she cited anxiety caused by racing as one of the main factors in her decision. The second child of Johnstone Melmore and Jessie Francis Leech, Leech was born in Bendigo in Australia. She was given the name Faith after her elder sister, who died from leukaemia at the age of two. A delicate child, Leech had an aversion to eating in the first two years of her life, so her mother fed her in small hourly doses. Leech was twice rushed from the family home to a Melbourne hospital. Conventional medicine failed to rectify Leech's\",\n \"title\": \"Faith Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6969762\",\n \"text\": \"Kinabalu giant red leech The Kinabalu giant red leech (\\\"Mimobdella buettikoferi\\\") is a large bright orange-red coloured leech that is endemic to Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. It can grow to a length of over . The holotype was collected by Johann Büttikofer, and the specific name \\\"buettikoferi\\\" is derived from his surname. The Kinabalu leech is not hematophagic and feeds only on worms such as the Kinabalu giant earthworm, \\\"Pheretima darnleiensis\\\". It lives in the damp leaf litter and soil that often accumulates in fissures. It can be found in Kinabalu Park at an elevation of where the trail runs over\",\n \"title\": \"Kinabalu giant red leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5106823\",\n \"text\": \"from popular physicists such as Stephen Hawking. In November 2018 after The Bank of England invited members of the public to vote on which figure should appear on the new £50 note, Leech said it should be Alan Turing so as to \\\"serve as a stark and frankly painful reminder of what we lost in Turing\\\" Leech led a campaign for safe standing at football matches. Standing had been banned in English football's top two divisions following the Taylor Report into the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster. Leech told the Commons that clubs should be allowed to install 'rail-seating' allowing supporters to\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12255750\",\n \"text\": \"the horse leech could drive elephants mad by climbing up inside their trunks to drink blood. Pliny also noted the medicinal use of leeches in ancient Rome, stating that they were often used for gout, and that patients became addicted to the treatment. In Old English, \\\"lǣce\\\" was the name for a physician as well as for the animal, and \\\"lǣcecraft\\\", leechcraft, was the art of healing. William Wordsworth's 1802 poem \\\"Resolution and Independence\\\" describes one of the last of the leech-gatherers, people who travelled Britain catching leeches from the wild, and causing a sharp decline in their abundance, though\",\n \"title\": \"Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8821262\",\n \"text\": \"A$100,000 to be donated to their nominated charity. Leech was initially voted out sixth (i.e. seventh place in the game) and his charity, Ride Aid Inc; however, he returned to the game along with Justin Melvey due to a twist to the show which took Leech to the finals. Ultimately Leech won, taking home an extra A$95000 for his charity. The money was used to build two schools in North Cambodia. Leech still trains daily, and delivers training sessions with paddling and cross-training strength exercises. Leech is married and has two daughters living in Sydney's Northern Beaches. Leech is known\",\n \"title\": \"Guy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12255748\",\n \"text\": \"to humans have been reported. Leech saliva is commonly believed to contain anesthetic compounds to numb the bite area, but this has never been proven. Although morphine-like substances have been found in leeches, they have been found in the neural tissues, not the salivary tissues. They are used by the leeches in modulating their own immunocytes and not for anesthetizing bite areas on their hosts. Depending on the species and size, leech bites can be barely noticeable or they can be fairly painful. The leech appears in Proverbs 30:15 as an archetype of insatiable greed. More widely, a leech is\",\n \"title\": \"Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3619999\",\n \"text\": \"Leech Lake Leech Lake is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is southeast of Bemidji, located mainly within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, and completely within the Chippewa National Forest. It is used as a reservoir. The lake is the third largest in Minnesota, covering with of shoreline and has a maximum depth of . Leech Lake outlets to the Leech Lake River, which flows into the Mississippi River. The sole outlet to the Leech Lake River is controlled by a dam in order to regulate water levels of the lake. Leech Lake has seven major\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10710044\",\n \"text\": \"Jimmy Leech Jimmy Leech (April 13, 1897 – August 16, 1951) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956. Leech starred on the undefeated 1920 VMI Keydets football team, leading the nation in scoring. He is considered one of the greatest ever to player for the school. He was a prominent running back for the VMI Keydets football team of the Virginia Military Institute. In 1920, Leech was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp. On the All-Southern team's neglecting of Leech, one writer asks \\\"Is Virginia in the South? If\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19049815\",\n \"text\": \"(1990). Leech received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor of Fine Arts and Post Graduate DA from Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland. She is the granddaughter of Pennsylvania artist and printmaker Michael J. Gallagher and a niece of the choreographer Martha Wittman. Leech resides in New York City. Gwyneth Leech Gwyneth Leech is an American artist best known for her use of paper coffee cups as a canvas for her artistic pieces. Leech began drawing on empty paper coffee cups during meetings in 2007 and became interested in creating on the\",\n \"title\": \"Gwyneth Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16510797\",\n \"text\": \"which causes the victim to choke. Throat leech In the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in \\\"White Dwarf\\\" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition \\\"Fiend Folio\\\" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition \\\"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\\\" under the \\\"leech\\\" heading in the \\\"Monstrous Compendium Volume Two\\\" (1989), and in the \\\"Monstrous Manual\\\" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks\",\n \"title\": \"Throat leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16510796\",\n \"text\": \"Throat leech In the \\\"Dungeons & Dragons\\\" fantasy role-playing game, the throat leech is a type of vermin creature. The throat leech first appeared in \\\"White Dwarf\\\" #6 (April 1978). The throat leech appeared in the original first edition \\\"Fiend Folio\\\" (1981). The throat leech appeared in second edition \\\"Advanced Dungeons & Dragons\\\" under the \\\"leech\\\" heading in the \\\"Monstrous Compendium Volume Two\\\" (1989), and in the \\\"Monstrous Manual\\\" (1993). A throat leech is a small twig-sized creature found in pools, lakes, and streams. If swallowed, it stays in the creature's throat and sucks blood until it becomes fully distended,\",\n \"title\": \"Throat leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219227\",\n \"text\": \"the Leech lattice is the unique laminated lattice in 24 dimensions. The Leech lattice is also a 12-dimensional lattice over the Eisenstein integers. This is known as the complex Leech lattice, and is isomorphic to the 24-dimensional real Leech lattice. In the complex construction of the Leech lattice, the binary Golay code is replaced with the ternary Golay code, and the Mathieu group \\\"M\\\" is replaced with the Mathieu group \\\"M\\\". The \\\"E\\\" lattice, \\\"E\\\" lattice and Coxeter–Todd lattice also have constructions as complex lattices, over either the Eisenstein or Gaussian integers. The Leech lattice can also be constructed using\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6312154\",\n \"text\": \"Although Leech was critical of theological liberalism, unlike some Anglo-Catholics he supported the ordination of women and the rights of gay and lesbian people. His publications include guides to prayer and spiritual direction, autobiographical reflections on urban ministry and theological critiques of capitalism and social injustice. Of his weightiest theological work, \\\"True God\\\" (published in the United States as \\\"Experiencing God\\\"), the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre wrote that \\\"there are few other books that state in so comprehensive a fashion what is at stake in believing or not believing in the God of Catholic Christianity.\\\" Leech died of cancer in Manchester\",\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219236\",\n \"text\": \"series of the Leech lattice is where formula_21 is the normalized Eisenstein series of weight 12, formula_22 is the modular discriminant, formula_23 is the divisor function for exponent 11, and formula_24 is the Ramanujan tau function. It follows that for \\\"m\\\"≥1 the number of vectors of squared norm 2\\\"m\\\" is Many of the cross-sections of the Leech lattice, including the Coxeter–Todd lattice and Barnes–Wall lattice, in 12 and 16 dimensions, were found much earlier than the Leech lattice. discovered a related odd unimodular lattice in 24 dimensions, now called the odd Leech lattice, one of whose two even neighbors is\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9604450\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Leech Ryan Leech (born February 20, 1979 in British Columbia, Canada) is a professional trials mountain bike rider. At age 13 he began racing cross-country and downhill mountain bikes. Inspired by Team ORB and Hans Rey Leech began getting increasingly involved in trials riding throughout the mid 90's. At age 16 Leech became one of the youngest trials event organizers ever after he organized and won a competition which he held in his front yard. In the spring of 1996 Leech joined Team ORB which subsequently changed into Norco Bicycles|The Norco Factory Team in 1998. He began coaching for\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9604446\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Leech Ryan Leech (born February 20, 1979 in British Columbia, Canada) is a professional trials mountain bike rider. At age 13 he began racing cross-country and downhill mountain bikes. Inspired by Team ORB and Hans Rey Leech began getting increasingly involved in trials riding throughout the mid 90's. At age 16 Leech became one of the youngest trials event organizers ever after he organized and won a competition which he held in his front yard. In the spring of 1996 Leech joined Team ORB which subsequently changed into Norco Bicycles|The Norco Factory Team in 1998. He began coaching for\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219237\",\n \"text\": \"the Leech lattice. The Leech lattice was discovered in 1965 by , by improving some earlier sphere packings he found . , has a single rather cryptic sentence mentioning that he found more than 10 even unimodular lattices in 24 dimensions without giving further details. stated that he found 9 of these lattices earlier in 1938, and found two more, the Niemeier lattice with A root system and the Leech lattice (and also the odd Leech lattice), in 1940. Leech lattice In mathematics, the Leech lattice is an even unimodular lattice Λ in 24-dimensional Euclidean space, which is one of\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15886560\",\n \"text\": \"Leech collector A leech collector, leech gatherer, or leech finder was a person occupied with procuring medicinal leeches, which were in growing demand in 19th-century Europe. Leeches were used in bloodletting but were not easy for medical practitioners to obtain. The collector would sometimes gather the leeches by attracting them to the legs of animals, often old horses. More commonplace was for the collector to use their own legs, gathering the leech after it had finished sucking enough blood. Many in the profession suffered from the effects of the loss of blood and infections spread by the leeches. Leech collectors\",\n \"title\": \"Leech collector\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10710046\",\n \"text\": \"is one of the greatest broken field runners the country has ever seen.\\\" Jimmy Leech Jimmy Leech (April 13, 1897 – August 16, 1951) was an American college football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956. Leech starred on the undefeated 1920 VMI Keydets football team, leading the nation in scoring. He is considered one of the greatest ever to player for the school. He was a prominent running back for the VMI Keydets football team of the Virginia Military Institute. In 1920, Leech was selected third-team All-American by Walter Camp. On the All-Southern\",\n \"title\": \"Jimmy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3620002\",\n \"text\": \"types. The state record lake whitefish (12 lb, 4.5 oz) and pumpkinseed (1 lb, 5.6 oz) were both caught here in 1999. Species of fish the lake contains: Grows in the shallow depths of Leech Lake, emerging through over 4,000 acres of water. Wild Rice is a valuable crop for the Leech Lake community. Grass like plants that grow in water, they can reach lengths of around ten feet. These plants are an important food resources for aquatic life in Leech Lake. Leech Lake and the surrounding national forest is home to a large population of bald eagles. They are\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3620005\",\n \"text\": \"as the Burbot, is rarely seen in Leech Lake, except in the winter when it is very plentiful. Events include a black-tie dinner, ice bowling, and a contest to see who can catch the largest eel pout. Leech Lake Leech Lake is a lake located in north central Minnesota, United States. It is southeast of Bemidji, located mainly within the Leech Lake Indian Reservation, and completely within the Chippewa National Forest. It is used as a reservoir. The lake is the third largest in Minnesota, covering with of shoreline and has a maximum depth of . Leech Lake outlets to\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19049810\",\n \"text\": \"Gwyneth Leech Gwyneth Leech is an American artist best known for her use of paper coffee cups as a canvas for her artistic pieces. Leech began drawing on empty paper coffee cups during meetings in 2007 and became interested in creating on the curved cup surface and the endless supply of such a canvas. Leech first exhibited cups in 2011 as an installation in the NYC Fashion Center's Window Space for Public Art in the Garment District. Her physical presence while working in the window was a significant part of the project. In the fall of 2011, the cup project\",\n \"title\": \"Gwyneth Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9604449\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Ohler, Dylan Korba, and Leech himself. Crux is a follow up to his last film, Manifesto. In 2009 Leech graduated with his 200-hour yoga teacher certificate from teacher Eoin Finn. In 2011 Leech graduated from Integral Coaching Canada with his certificate as an Integral Master Coach™. Leech launched an online course called 'The 30 Day Wheelie Challenge' in April 2015. The success of this course inspired him to create a paid-membership based website called 'Ryan Leech Connection Online Mtn Bike Skills Coaching' where Leech teaches a wide variety of mountain bike skills, along with mental and physical fitness training.\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509480\",\n \"text\": \"Leech (comics) Leech (James \\\"Jimmy\\\") is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Leech made his first appearance in \\\"Uncanny X-Men\\\" as a Morlock, a group of mutants whose deformities force them to live in the sewers under Manhattan. He is usually depicted as being around twelve years old (his exact age is unrevealed). He speaks in broken English and refers to himself in the third person. Leech first appeared in \\\"Uncanny X-Men\\\" #179 (March 1984), and was created by Chris Claremont. Leech appeared as part of the \\\"Morlocks\\\" entry in the \\\"Official Handbook of\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9744310\",\n \"text\": \"series \\\"Primeval\\\" in 2011 in series five. Leech also starred in the 2012 film adaptation \\\"The Sweeney\\\". Leech was voted sexiest Irish male in 2005 in \\\"U Magazine\\\". He was named one of GQ's 50 best dressed men in Britain in 2015. Leech played Freddie Mercury's personal manager and boyfriend Paul Prenter in the biopic \\\"Bohemian Rhapsody\\\" (2018). Which earned him a nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards. In February 2018, Leech announced his engagement to actress Jessica Blair Herman. Allen Leech Allen Leech (born 18 May 1981)\",\n \"title\": \"Allen Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15215048\",\n \"text\": \"Chapter 7 for Canon & Vimeo's \\\"The Story Beyond the Still\\\" contest. Several of Leech's short films can be seen on Vimeo. Tony Leech Tony Leech is an American director, screenwriter and editor. Born in Southfield, Michigan on May 28, 1968, he currently lives in Los Angeles. Tony attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. While a student there, Leech and fellow ORU student Mark Steele (comedian/producer), along with some friends, wrote and performed a sketch comedy show called Standing Room Only, or SRO. Leech acted, wrote, directed, and edited for the \\\"Fire By Nite\\\" Christian variety show that was\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12255747\",\n \"text\": \"sucker (at the front end), repeating at the other end, then flicking the leech away. Common, but medically inadvisable, removal techniques are to apply a lit cigarette, salt, soap, or vinegar to the leech. These cause the leech to detach quickly, but also to regurgitate its stomach contents into the wound, with a risk of infection. Leeches normally carry parasites in their digestive tracts, which cannot survive in humans and do not pose a threat; however, bacteria, viruses, and parasites from previous blood sources can survive within a leech for months. Nevertheless, only a few cases of leeches transmitting pathogens\",\n \"title\": \"Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3620004\",\n \"text\": \"Lake Indian Reservation which encompasses most all of Leech Lake. On October 5, 1898, Leech Lake was the location of a conflict between Ojibwe and Federal troops of the United States, the Battle of Sugar Point. A firefight broke out between the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment and the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe after one of the soldiers sent to retrieve a bootlegger mistakenly fired his rifle. Oscar Burkard received the Medal of Honor on August 21, 1899 for his participation in the battle. Every February, Leech Lake is home to the International Eelpout Festival. The eel pout, also known\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15886562\",\n \"text\": \"or more, and even when they had finished the resultant wound continued to bleed for up to ten hours. Leech collectors were not well paid. William Wordsworth's poem \\\"Resolution and Independence\\\", written in 1802 and published in 1807, was inspired by an encounter Wordsworth had with a \\\"leech-gatherer\\\". In Stanza XV he describes the hardships that the old, poor leech collector had endured: Parts of the poem have been interpreted as drawing similarities between leech collectors and poets, comparing the difficulties of finding leeches with the struggle to write poetry. The old man in the story is said to \\\"have\",\n \"title\": \"Leech collector\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19201627\",\n \"text\": \"to Syria to join the so-called Islamic State, and documented the Mosque's attempts to help the missing girls' grieving families, while simultaneously battling allegations from sections of the media that they were responsible for radicalising the girls themselves. Robb Leech Robb Leech is a British documentary filmmaker and former tree surgeon. His stepbrother, Richard Dart, converted to an extreme form of Islam in 2009, and later became a convicted terrorist. Leech made two films charting Dart's conversion and later conviction and imprisonment: \\\"My Brother the Islamist\\\" in 2011 and \\\"My Brother the Terrorist\\\" in 2014. In 2015 Leech made a\",\n \"title\": \"Robb Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15215045\",\n \"text\": \"Tony Leech Tony Leech is an American director, screenwriter and editor. Born in Southfield, Michigan on May 28, 1968, he currently lives in Los Angeles. Tony attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. While a student there, Leech and fellow ORU student Mark Steele (comedian/producer), along with some friends, wrote and performed a sketch comedy show called Standing Room Only, or SRO. Leech acted, wrote, directed, and edited for the \\\"Fire By Nite\\\" Christian variety show that was based at Willie George Ministries in Tulsa. He also worked on projects with Teen Mania Ministries, then based in Tulsa and headed\",\n \"title\": \"Tony Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5106826\",\n \"text\": \"launched a Manchester-based campaign to tackle what he described as an \\\"appalling\\\" rise in homophobic and transphobic bullying in local schools. In September 2017, Leech released a report on homophobic and transphobic bullying in Manchester's schools. It revealed that incidents had doubled in the last two years. Speaking at the Liberal Democrats conference, he said ‘We have absolutely no right to claim we live in a decent society when this kind of behaviour is still rife in our schools.’ 17 schools refused to take part in his report which he criticised as a 'worrying lack of transparency'. Leech pledged to\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509491\",\n \"text\": \"the Fantastic Four, Leech has also been shown to dampen abilities that are non-mutant in origin. Leech dampened Hazmat of the Avengers Academy, and during Marvel's \\\"Mutant Massacre\\\" crossover event, Leech negated the powers of the superhero team Power Pack, whose abilities were bestowed on them by an extraterrestrial. When his ability has been targeted at mutants with super strength, at times his victims have become temporarily thin and frail. Leech is among the featured Morlocks that are survivors of Mister Sinister's experiments. Leech was introduced to the Ultimate Marvel Universe in \\\"Ultimate X-Men\\\" #82 as a member of the\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1111499\",\n \"text\": \"a median income of $40,469 versus $18,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,112. About 13.3% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.5% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota Leech Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2000 census. This township took its name from Leech Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which, of it\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14360363\",\n \"text\": \"Roxy Leech Roxy Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. She first appeared in \\\"Adventures of Superman\\\" #502 in July 1993 and for a time was a regular supporting character in the Superboy line of comics. Roxy is the beautiful, and tough daughter of the Con-man Rex Leech. From the first day she met Superboy, she immediately fell hard for him. Due to Sam Makoa's and Superboy's influencing, she is a cadet of the Hawaii S.C.U. She has never been happy with her father's career, but when he represented Superboy her life got better. Superboy and everyone\",\n \"title\": \"Roxy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20697870\",\n \"text\": \"these two cells are not equipotent. Each segment of the body of the leech is generated from one M, O, P cell types and two N and two Q cells types. The ectoderm and mesoderm of the body trunk are exclusively derived from the teloblast cells in a region called the posterior progress zone. The head of the leech that comes from an unsegmented region, is formed by the first set of micromeres derived from A, B, C and D cells, keeping the bilateral symmetry between the AD and BC cells. Leech embryogenesis Leech embryogenesis is the process by which\",\n \"title\": \"Leech embryogenesis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219219\",\n \"text\": \"Leech lattice In mathematics, the Leech lattice is an even unimodular lattice Λ in 24-dimensional Euclidean space, which is one of the best models for the kissing number problem. It was discovered by . It may also have been discovered (but not published) by Ernst Witt in 1940. The Leech lattice Λ is the unique lattice in with the following list of properties: The last condition is equivalent to the condition that unit balls centered at the points of Λ do not overlap. Each is tangent to 196,560 neighbors, and this is known to be the largest number of non-overlapping\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14351493\",\n \"text\": \"human status he becomes a valued member of the super-powered crowd at Guy Gardner's 'Warrior's bar. Rex Leech also became a favored friend of the non-powered canine Krypto and the sentient genetic life form Dubbilex. Rex and Roxy move on with their lives when they incorrectly believe Superboy to be dead. Krypto is taken in by a family friend he adores. Rex Leech is a shrewd businessman and a fast-talker. His talents lie in the areas of entertainment management, cross-promotion and copyright law. Rex Leech Rex Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. He first appeared in\",\n \"title\": \"Rex Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12612020\",\n \"text\": \"Colin Leech Colin Leech (30 August 1889 – 6 March 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1922. Leech was born in Hayfield, Derbyshire and made his first appearance for Hayfield Cricket Club in 1905 at the age of sixteen and rapidly became one of its most highly regarded players. He made a single first-class appearance for Derbyshire in the 1922 season, against Glamorgan. He was a right-handed batsman and batting as an opener, scored 12 runs in the first innings of the match and 26 runs in the second innings, partnering Joseph Bowden. Leech died in\",\n \"title\": \"Colin Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20697867\",\n \"text\": \"Leech embryogenesis Leech embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo of the leech forms and develops. The embryonic development of the larva occurs as a series of stages. During stage 1, the first cleavage occurs, which gives rise to an AB and a CD blastomere, and is in the interphase of this cell division when a yolk-free cytoplasm called teloplasm is formed. The teloplasm is known to be a determinant for the specification of the D cell fate. In stage 3, during the second cleavage, an unequal division occurs in the CD blastomere. As a consequence, it creates a\",\n \"title\": \"Leech embryogenesis\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1959874\",\n \"text\": \"John Leech (caricaturist) John Leech (29 August 1817 – 29 October 1864 in London) was a British caricaturist and illustrator. He is best known for his work for \\\"Punch\\\", a humorous magazine for a broad middle-class audience, combining verbal and graphic political satire with light social comedy. Leech catered to contemporary prejudices, such as anti-Americanism and antisemitism and supported acceptable social reforms. Leech's critical yet humorous cartoons on the Crimean War help shape public attitudes toward heroism, warfare, and Britons' role in the world. John Leech was born in London. His father, a native of Ireland, was the landlord of\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (caricaturist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5683105\",\n \"text\": \"rising downloads, uploads are still guaranteed, although few contributors in the system account for most services. Leech (computing) In computing and specifically Internet, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others' information or effort but does not offer anything in return, or makes only token offerings in an attempt to avoid being called a leech. In economics, this type of behavior is called \\\"free riding\\\" and is associated with the free rider problem. Depending on context, leeching does not necessarily refer to \\\"illegal\\\" use of computer resources, but often instead to \\\"greedy\\\" use according to etiquette: to wit,\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (computing)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6847885\",\n \"text\": \"with Leech finishing second and third in the two races. After combining with Fraser, Crapp and Margaret Gibson to break the world record for the 4×100-metre freestyle relay, Leech was selected as one of Australia's three entrants in the 100-metre freestyle events and one of six swimmers for the 4×100-metre freestyle relay squad for the Olympics. Having arrived at the Olympics, Leech made her debut in the 100-metre freestyle, an event in which she, Fraser and Crapp were regarded as the three strongest competitors, although the latter two were considered to be substantially stronger. All three won their heats. Leech\",\n \"title\": \"Faith Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17435111\",\n \"text\": \"Eccles, and on 2 May 1610 he took the college oath. He was ordained priest on 21 April 1612, left Rome for England on 22 April 1618, and in the same year entered the Society of Jesus. In 1621 Leech was at the English Jesuit college at Liège, and in the following year he was on the English mission in the \\\"College of St. Aloysius\\\" (Lancashire district). For some time he resided, as chaplain, with Mr. Massey of Hooton, Cheshire, where he died on 18 July (O.S.) 1629. Leech was the author of: Humphrey Leech Humphrey Leech (1571–1629) was an\",\n \"title\": \"Humphrey Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8813745\",\n \"text\": \"the South of France, to Marseilles, Grasse and Cagnes-sur-Mer. Leech was well known for his illustrations of Concarneau harbour. The works of Leech feature coastal and harbour scenes, landscapes, interiors, still life and portraits. . J. An Irish Artist W. J. Leech R H A. An Introductory Guide to his artistic career. Published by Alan Denson 4 August 1968 n William John Leech William John Leech (10 April 1881 – 16 July 1968) was an Irish painter. Leech was born in Dublin and went to school at St Columba's College, Dublin in Rathfarnham, later studying at the Metropolitan School. He\",\n \"title\": \"William John Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16105277\",\n \"text\": \"Suffolk to Ruth Elliot. In September 1938 he retired from the Royal Air Force due to ill-health. Leech died on 5 May 1939 at St Bartholomews Hospital in London, aged 31. Haliburton Hume Leech Flight Lieutenant Haliburton Hume Leech (1908-1939) was a Royal Air Force aviator, air racer and test pilot. Leech was born on 16 April 1908 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland the son of Joseph William Leech a surgeon and later mayor and member of parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne. Leech joined the Royal Air Force in 1925 as a cadet and on 10 April 1926 gained his\",\n \"title\": \"Haliburton Hume Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1111496\",\n \"text\": \"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota Leech Lake Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 384 at the 2000 census. This township took its name from Leech Lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (34.26%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 384 people, 155 households, and 119 families residing in the township. The population density was 16.6 people per square mile (6.4/km²). There were 285 housing units at an average density of\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake Township, Cass County, Minnesota\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19201626\",\n \"text\": \"Robb Leech Robb Leech is a British documentary filmmaker and former tree surgeon. His stepbrother, Richard Dart, converted to an extreme form of Islam in 2009, and later became a convicted terrorist. Leech made two films charting Dart's conversion and later conviction and imprisonment: \\\"My Brother the Islamist\\\" in 2011 and \\\"My Brother the Terrorist\\\" in 2014. In 2015 Leech made a third film \\\"Welcome to the Mosque\\\", which explored the everyday life at the East London Mosque, in Whitechapel, one of the biggest mosques in the UK. Leech's filming coincided with three schoolgirls from nearby Bethnal Green Academy fleeing\",\n \"title\": \"Robb Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9744305\",\n \"text\": \"Bohemian Rhapsody. Leech was born in Killiney, County Dublin, to David Leech, the CEO of a computer systems company, and Kay Leech, a housewife. He is the third of four children; he has an older brother, Greg, an older sister, Ali, and a younger brother, Simon. He attended St Michael's College. Leech became interested in acting at 11 when he was given the part of the Cowardly Lion in a school production of \\\"The Wizard of Oz\\\" and found he loved being on stage. He recalled how he immediately decided to become an actor when Peter McDonald told him how\",\n \"title\": \"Allen Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8356696\",\n \"text\": \"of an \\\"absolute politeness\\\" which does not vary according to situation, whereas most politeness theorists maintain that politeness cannot be identified out of context. In his article \\\"Politeness: Is there an East-West divide?\\\" (2007), Leech addresses these criticisms and presents a revision of his politeness model. Geoffrey Leech Geoffrey Neil Leech FBA (16 January 1936 – 19 August 2014) was a specialist in English language and linguistics. He was the author, co-author or editor of over 30 books and over 120 published papers. His main academic interests were English grammar, corpus linguistics, stylistics, pragmatics and semantics. Leech was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Geoffrey Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6847887\",\n \"text\": \"ahead of the field, finishing in 1 minute 2.0 seconds and 1 minute 2.3 seconds, respectively. Leech overtook the United States' Joan Rosazza in the final 25 metres to take bronze in 1 minute 5.1 seconds. The race for third place had been tight, with just 0.7 of a second separating Leech and the final finisher. The youngest swimmer in the field, Leech had come through to claim the last podium position. Leech said that it was an emotional occasion, having seen the Australian men take a trifecta in the corresponding event on the previous night of racing. As the\",\n \"title\": \"Faith Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15886565\",\n \"text\": \"of bloodletting and the use of leeches was questioned in the mid-to-late 19th century, under the influence of Rudolf Virchow's work on cellular processes and the eventual rise of the germ theory of disease. Leeches are now used again in modern medicine, but they are not collected from the wild. Leech collector A leech collector, leech gatherer, or leech finder was a person occupied with procuring medicinal leeches, which were in growing demand in 19th-century Europe. Leeches were used in bloodletting but were not easy for medical practitioners to obtain. The collector would sometimes gather the leeches by attracting them\",\n \"title\": \"Leech collector\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17755796\",\n \"text\": \"Britain. He was also a member of the Middle Temple, and held the rank of Major with the Royal Army Medical Corps. He also qualified as a barrister, became a member of Newcastle City Council in 1932, and was elected Mayor in 1932. Joseph Leech Sir Joseph William Leech (1865 – 30 May 1940) was a Unionist Party (now Conservative Party) politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne West between 1931 and 1940. The son of Isaac Leech and Sarah, Leech was christened on 7 May 1865 in Cleator, Cumberland. He was educated at Newcastle University\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17755795\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Leech Sir Joseph William Leech (1865 – 30 May 1940) was a Unionist Party (now Conservative Party) politician elected as the Member of Parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne West between 1931 and 1940. The son of Isaac Leech and Sarah, Leech was christened on 7 May 1865 in Cleator, Cumberland. He was educated at Newcastle University before becoming consulting surgeon to the Royal Victoria Infirmary and Throat and Ear Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne. He became president of the University of Durham Medical Graduates' Association and Newcastle Clinical Society, and a senior fellow of the Association of Surgeons of Great\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509490\",\n \"text\": \"reason that Reed Richards wanted him to be with Franklin. Leech later joins Reed's new Future Foundation superhero team. Leech can dampen or completely suppress, neutralize, and negate for an undetermined amount of time the powers and abilities of any superpowerd beings within 50 feet of him. His dampening ability in the beginning was involuntary and uncontrollable, but now his ability appears to be under his conscious control. Leech explained to Johnny Dee he could consciously bring his dampening field in close, so that persons are not dampened unless they touch him. Although Leech has at times dampened non-mutants like\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5106820\",\n \"text\": \"and that it was instead, “an uncomfortable truth about Manchester Council.” Leech was re-elected to Manchester City Council in May 2018, topping the ballot and increasing his share of the vote to 55%. Lib Dem leader Vince Cable personally commended Leech for a \\\"fantastic campaign\\\". He was selected as Leader of the Opposition. In 2018, Leech marked 20 years in elected public office. Lib Dem leader Vince Cable personally congratulated Leech on his \\\"unparalleled 20 years in public service and extraordinary dedication to Manchester and its residents.\\\" In 2005 Leech campaigned for the Metrolink tram system to come through his\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8099974\",\n \"text\": \"The Leech Woman The Leech Woman is a 1960 American horror film directed by Edward Dein. It was released theatrically in 1960 on a double bill with the British film \\\"The Brides of Dracula\\\". A mysterious old woman named Malla (Estelle Hemsley) who claims to have been brought to America 140 years ago by Arab slavers approaches endocrinologist Dr. Paul Talbot (Phillip Terry) and promises to reveal to him the secret of eternal youth. Following her back to Africa, he and his aging, unhappy wife June (Coleen Gray) witness a secret ceremony of the Nando tribe that utilizes orchid pollen\",\n \"title\": \"The Leech Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8099978\",\n \"text\": \"Theater 3000: 25th Anniversary Edition\\\" DVD set. The Leech Woman The Leech Woman is a 1960 American horror film directed by Edward Dein. It was released theatrically in 1960 on a double bill with the British film \\\"The Brides of Dracula\\\". A mysterious old woman named Malla (Estelle Hemsley) who claims to have been brought to America 140 years ago by Arab slavers approaches endocrinologist Dr. Paul Talbot (Phillip Terry) and promises to reveal to him the secret of eternal youth. Following her back to Africa, he and his aging, unhappy wife June (Coleen Gray) witness a secret ceremony of\",\n \"title\": \"The Leech Woman\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9604447\",\n \"text\": \"The West Coast School of Mountain Biking at age 16. At age 24 Leech married Caryn Tressel. Leech has performed in many events across North America and has made appearances in many different mountain biking films including: The Kranked Series, Ride to the Hills, The Collective and Roam, among many others. In 2004 Leech produced and starred in his own film: Manifesto where he attempted to transform trials riding by eliminating setup and recovery hops. In late 2005, Leech released his second DVD Mastering the Art of Trials, which was an instructional compilation of 38 trials related skills. Leech performed\",\n \"title\": \"Ryan Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14351489\",\n \"text\": \"Rex Leech Rex Leech is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. He first appeared in \\\"Adventures of Superman\\\" #502 in July 1993 and for a time was a regular supporting character in the Superboy line of comics. Rex was first introduced after the 'Death of Superman'. During the actual funeral procession, Rex, backed up by two gun toting men, try to buy the rights to Jimmy Olsen's picture of Superman dead. Olsen punches Leech in the face. The promoter then has his goons threaten to shoot Jimmy in the knees. Robin stops the incident. He was used by\",\n \"title\": \"Rex Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8821263\",\n \"text\": \"throughout the Northern Beaches by his catch phrase \\\"Done.\\\", responding as such to any question asked of him. Guy Leech Guy Leech (born 29 February 1964) is a former Australian Ironman surf lifesaving champion. Now retired from formal competition, he won seven Uncle Toby's Super Series races and twice won The Coolangatta Gold. Leech remained undefeated over surf's toughest event and in 1989 won the Uncle Toby's version titled the \\\"Gold Coast Gold\\\" which made it his third victory over that distance. By 1989 the sport had now gone professional, making the field assembled for the 1989 race far more\",\n \"title\": \"Guy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8821260\",\n \"text\": \"Guy Leech Guy Leech (born 29 February 1964) is a former Australian Ironman surf lifesaving champion. Now retired from formal competition, he won seven Uncle Toby's Super Series races and twice won The Coolangatta Gold. Leech remained undefeated over surf's toughest event and in 1989 won the Uncle Toby's version titled the \\\"Gold Coast Gold\\\" which made it his third victory over that distance. By 1989 the sport had now gone professional, making the field assembled for the 1989 race far more elite than when he had won in 1984 and 1985. He also won the World Ironman Championships in\",\n \"title\": \"Guy Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509487\",\n \"text\": \"and Sean were forced to open the school to human students. In order to keep Artie and Leech from being isolated, Emma gave them both an image inducer in the form of watches. The boys were quick to abuse this new technology, and were quickly set straight by Emma. Soon after, the school became exposed as a home for mutants, and Artie, Leech, and Penance were all sent away to protect them from any possible dangers that might arrive. At some point, Leech is captured by the revived Weapon X program and was used by the Weapon X program to\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6847895\",\n \"text\": \"in a seven-hour operation followed by six weeks of radiotherapy treatment. This experience prompted her to become a volunteer for the Cancer Council and help those who were diagnosed with the disease. In February 2003, Leech phoned quadruple Olympic champion Betty Cuthbert to comfort her during her recovery from a brain hemorrhage. In October 2006, Leech combined with 1956 teammate John Devitt to launch \\\"50 Years On—The Melbourne Olympics\\\", a series of stamps from the Australia Post. Leech is an inductee of the Path of Champions at Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre. She died at her home on 14 September\",\n \"title\": \"Faith Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9744304\",\n \"text\": \"Allen Leech Allen Leech (born 18 May 1981) is an Irish actor best known for his role as Tom Branson on the historical drama series \\\"Downton Abbey\\\". He made his professional acting debut with a small part in a 1998 production of \\\"A Streetcar Named Desire\\\", made his first major film appearance as Vincent Cusack in \\\"Cowboys & Angels\\\", and earned an Irish Film & Television Awards nomination in 2004 with his performance as Mo Chara in \\\"Man About Dog\\\". Leech played Marcus Agrippa on the HBO historical drama series \\\"Rome\\\". He also played Paul Prenter in the 2018 biopic\",\n \"title\": \"Allen Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10151273\",\n \"text\": \"Pats career scoring twice in his first four games before suffering a broken leg against Dundalk on 27 March 2009. After a number of months out of action Leech returned to fitness but struggled to regain his position in the Saint's starting XI. He parted company with St. Patrick's Athletic at the end of 2009 and he re-joined former club Shelbourne on 25 March 2010. Drogheda United Shelbourne Mark Leech Mark Leech (born 9 December 1985 in Dublin, Ireland), is an Irish footballer who played for various clubs in the League of Ireland including St. Patricks Athletic, Drogheda and Shamrock\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5061241\",\n \"text\": \"school, and Leech Lake Tribal College, which grants associate degrees. Like the Red Lake and White Earth Bands, the Leech Lake Band is known for its tradition of singing hymns in the Ojibwe language. Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, also known as the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians or the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, and as \\\"Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag Ojibweg\\\" in the Ojibwe language, is an Ojibwe band located in Minnesota and one of six making up the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe. The band had 9,426 enrolled tribal members as of March 2014.\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19789527\",\n \"text\": \"What a Beautiful Name \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \\\"genre-smashing single\\\" contributed to Hillsong being named \\\"Billboard\\\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \\\"What a Beautiful Name\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"What a Beautiful Name\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16105275\",\n \"text\": \"Haliburton Hume Leech Flight Lieutenant Haliburton Hume Leech (1908-1939) was a Royal Air Force aviator, air racer and test pilot. Leech was born on 16 April 1908 in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland the son of Joseph William Leech a surgeon and later mayor and member of parliament for Newcastle upon Tyne. Leech joined the Royal Air Force in 1925 as a cadet and on 10 April 1926 gained his Royal Aero Club Aviators Certificate (No. 7993) at the Newcastle upon Tyne Aero Club using a De Havilland Moth. Commissioned in 1927 he left the Royal Air Force College Cranwell and\",\n \"title\": \"Haliburton Hume Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9334870\",\n \"text\": \"tribal government and receives about 11% of its annual funding from the Leech Lake Tribal Council. LLTC competes as the Lakers within the Northern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. Current 2009-2012 2005-2008 2003-2005 2002-2003 (Tribal Council) 1998-2002 (Tribal Council) 1994-1998 (Tribal Council) 1990-1994 (Tribal Council) Leech Lake Tribal College Leech Lake Tribal College (LLTC) is an accredited, two-year, public, non-profit higher education institution awarding associate degrees and certificates. The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe established Leech Lake Tribal College in July 1990. For two years, courses were offered in extension from the University of Minnesota at Duluth, Bemidji State University, Itasca and\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake Tribal College\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219230\",\n \"text\": \"the ring of integers gives the Leech lattice. If \\\"L\\\" is the set of octonions with coordinates on the formula_9 lattice, then the Leech lattice is the set of triplets formula_10 such that where formula_14. The Leech lattice is highly symmetrical. Its automorphism group is the Conway group Co, which is of order 8 315 553 613 086 720 000. The center of Co has two elements, and the quotient of Co by this center is the Conway group Co, a finite simple group. Many other sporadic groups, such as the remaining Conway groups and Mathieu groups, can be constructed\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1959890\",\n \"text\": \"We find in it little of the exaggeration and grotesqueness, and none of the fierce political enthusiasm, of which the designs of James Gillray are so full. Compared with that of his great contemporary, George Cruikshank, his work is restricted both in compass of subject and in artistic dexterity. Biographies of Leech have been written by John Leech (caricaturist) John Leech (29 August 1817 – 29 October 1864 in London) was a British caricaturist and illustrator. He is best known for his work for \\\"Punch\\\", a humorous magazine for a broad middle-class audience, combining verbal and graphic political satire with\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (caricaturist)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3620000\",\n \"text\": \"inlets that include Portage Lake Creek, Sucker Creek, Steamboat River, Benedict River, Shingobee River, Bishop Creek, and the Boy River. There are also nine minor inlets that flow into Leech Lake. Leech Lake hosts eleven islands that cover a total of 1,617 acres of land. The following list is in order from largest to smallest. The long, narrow Shingobee Bay is part of Leech Lake, and is located on its southern end. Shingobee Bay, and the adjacent Walker Bay, boast some of the deepest parts in the entire lake. Also known as purple loosestrife. This is an invasive plant that\",\n \"title\": \"Leech Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509492\",\n \"text\": \"Morlocks. He was never shown using his powers, so it is unclear as to whether or not they are the same. He looks similar, but more like an old man than a child. He was shot and killed by Sinister in issue #90. Leech (comics) Leech (James \\\"Jimmy\\\") is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Leech made his first appearance in \\\"Uncanny X-Men\\\" as a Morlock, a group of mutants whose deformities force them to live in the sewers under Manhattan. He is usually depicted as being around twelve years old (his exact age\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3526567\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret Leech Margaret Kernochan Leech (November 7, 1893 – February 24, 1974), also known as Margaret Pulitzer, was an American historian and fiction writer. She won the Pulitzer Prize for History both in 1942 (\\\"Reveille in Washington\\\", Harper) (first woman to win for history) and in 1960 (\\\"In the Days of McKinley\\\", Harper). She was born in Newburgh, New York, obtained a B.A. from Vassar College in 1915, and worked for fund-raising organizations during World War I, including the American Committee for Devastated France. She started her writing career for the Condé Nast publishing company before World War I. Leech\",\n \"title\": \"Margaret Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14494732\",\n \"text\": \"in 2013. The John Leech Soul Show is on the BBC Eastern Region every Sunday. The programme can be heard John Leech (DJ) John Leech is a radio presenter in the United Kingdom known for his award-winning radio shows. He began his career in the music library at Capital Radio in London in the 1980s. He became the early morning host on Capital Radio and also DJ'd at Capital Radio's Best Disco in Town. Leechy joined Essex Radio in 1986 where he gained notoriety over a 15-year spell on air. His evening soul shows set all-time record audience figures for\",\n \"title\": \"John Leech (DJ)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15470927\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Leech (MP) Sir Edward Leech (1572–1652) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1614 and 1625. In 1614, Leech was elected Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel. He was elected MP for Derby in 1621. He was of Cheshire when he was knighted by King James at Windsor on 9 September 1621 and about this time became Master in Chancery. He was re-elected MP for Derby in 1624 and in 1625. He owned property in Derbyshire at Chatsworth, Shipley and Belper. Leech died in 1652 at the age of about 80. Great-grandfather of\",\n \"title\": \"Edward Leech (MP)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15470926\",\n \"text\": \"1893. Upon retiring from government service, Leech became Vice President of the National Union Bank in New York City. At the 1896 Republican National Convention, Leech played a major role in securing a plank in the party's platform favorable to maintaining the gold standard. Leech died of complications related to appendicitis at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York on May 1, 1900. Edward O. Leech Edward Owen Leech (December 9, 1850 – May 1, 1900) was Director of the United States Mint from 1889 to 1893. Edward O. Leech was born on December 9, 1850, in Washington, D.C. where his\",\n \"title\": \"Edward O. Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16342479\",\n \"text\": \"What Yo Name Iz? \\\"What Yo Name Iz?\\\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \\\"Procrastination Kills 3\\\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" charts. The official remix to \\\"What Yo Name Iz?\\\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for this song. \\\"What Yo Name Iz?\\\" was the first song by Kirko Bangz to chart on the billboard charts. It debuted at number 97 on\",\n \"title\": \"What Yo Name Iz?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10151272\",\n \"text\": \"12 goals making him Shelbourne's top goalscorer for the 2007 season. Leech's loan spell at Shelbourne ended at the end of the 2007 season. He signed for Galway United in December 2007 but his spell at Terryland Park only lasted 6 months. Leech signed for Shamrock Rovers on 3 July 2008; he made his Hoops debut the following day as a substitute against Cobh Ramblers. Leech released by Shamrock Rovers at the end of the 2008 season but he was later signed by St. Patrick's Athletic before the start of the 2009 season. Leech made an impressive start to his\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12612021\",\n \"text\": \"Frome at the age of 72. Colin Leech Colin Leech (30 August 1889 – 6 March 1961) was an English cricketer who played for Derbyshire in 1922. Leech was born in Hayfield, Derbyshire and made his first appearance for Hayfield Cricket Club in 1905 at the age of sixteen and rapidly became one of its most highly regarded players. He made a single first-class appearance for Derbyshire in the 1922 season, against Glamorgan. He was a right-handed batsman and batting as an opener, scored 12 runs in the first innings of the match and 26 runs in the second innings,\",\n \"title\": \"Colin Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10151269\",\n \"text\": \"students' Under 21 panel and broke into the UCD first team making limited appearances. Leech scored his only UCD goal against Waterford United at Belfield Park on 22 September 2003 aged just 17. Leech departed UCD during the 2004 season before he was due to begin his scholarship to sign for Drogheda United in July 2004, the club of his former boss at UCD Paul Doolin. He fought his way into the Drogheda United first team with numerous impressive displays for their Under 21 side. As one of the Drogs most impressive young talents, Leech was capped for Republic of\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Leech\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2219233\",\n \"text\": \"23 orbits of them under the automorphism group of the Leech lattice, and these orbits correspond to the 23 Niemeier lattices other than the Leech lattice: the set of vertices of deep hole is isometric to the affine Dynkin diagram of the corresponding Niemeier lattice. The Leech lattice has a density of formula_17. showed that it gives the densest lattice packing of balls in 24-dimensional space. improved this by showing that it is the densest sphere packing, even among non-lattice packings. The 196560 minimal vectors are of three different varieties, known as \\\"shapes\\\": The ternary Golay code, binary Golay code\",\n \"title\": \"Leech lattice\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3509489\",\n \"text\": \"the bunker. Leech accompanies Caliban down to the old Morlock tunnels where they are attacked by an extremist group of Morlocks led by Masque, who after knocking out Caliban, kidnaps Leech because he needs Leech's powers. He is then rescued by the X-Men and Skids. Leech and Artie Maddicks were invited to Franklin Richards's birthday, and as a gift, Franklin invited them to live with the Fantastic Four. The two are now in a special class with intelligent moloids, Alex Power (Zero-G) of the Power Pack and other gifted kids. It is later revealed that Leech's cancelling powers were the\",\n \"title\": \"Leech (comics)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":288,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"289"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What date was the Declaration of Independence signed on?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"434501","text":"provide historical and legal clarity about the Constitution and other laws. The Declaration became official when Congress voted for it on July 4; signatures of the delegates were not needed to make it official. The handwritten copy of the Declaration of Independence that was signed by Congress is dated July 4, 1776. The signatures of fifty-six delegates are affixed; however, the exact date when each person signed it has long been the subject of debate. Jefferson, Franklin, and Adams all wrote that the Declaration had been signed by Congress on July 4. But in 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717320","text":"Empire. The signers’ names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south. The final draft of the Declaration was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, although the date of its signing has long been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed on August 2, 1776, nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, with 12 of the 13 colonies voting","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717322","text":"states that the Declaration was engrossed and signed on that date (the official copy was handwritten). In 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. \"No person signed it on that day nor for many days after\", he wrote. His claim gained support when the \"Secret Journals of Congress\" were published in 1821. The \"Secret Journals\" contained two previously unpublished entries about the Declaration. On July 15, New York's delegates got permission from","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434458","text":"United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717321","text":"in favor and New York abstaining. The date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams all wrote that it was signed by Congress on the day when it was adopted on July 4, 1776. That assertion is seemingly confirmed by the signed copy of the Declaration, which is dated July 4. Additional support for the July 4 date is provided by the \"Journals of Congress\", the official public record of the Continental Congress. The proceedings for 1776 were first published in 1777, and the entry for July 4","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434502","text":"the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. The Declaration was transposed on paper, adopted by the Continental Congress, and signed by John Hancock, President of the Congress, on July 4, 1776, according to the 1911 record of events by the U.S. State Department under Secretary Philander C. Knox. On August 2, 1776, a parchment paper copy of the Declaration was signed by 56 persons. Many of these signers were not present when the original Declaration was adopted","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434460","text":"American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, \"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America\" – although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved. After ratifying the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as the printed Dunlap broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The source copy used for this printing has been lost and may have been a copy in Thomas","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434476","text":"are now obscure, having been overshadowed by the declaration approved by Congress on July 2, and signed July 4. Some colonies held back from endorsing independence. Resistance was centered in the middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Advocates of independence saw Pennsylvania as the key; if that colony could be converted to the pro-independence cause, it was believed that the others would follow. On May 1, however, opponents of independence retained control of the Pennsylvania Assembly in a special election that had focused on the question of independence. In response, Congress passed a resolution on","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"3384599","text":"prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress. Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on","title":"Independence Day (United States)"},{"docid":"15717319","text":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \"United States of America,\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717332","text":"all hang separately.\" The quotation did not appear in print until more than 50 years after Franklin's death. Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \"United States of America,\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"434501\",\n \"text\": \"provide historical and legal clarity about the Constitution and other laws. The Declaration became official when Congress voted for it on July 4; signatures of the delegates were not needed to make it official. The handwritten copy of the Declaration of Independence that was signed by Congress is dated July 4, 1776. The signatures of fifty-six delegates are affixed; however, the exact date when each person signed it has long been the subject of debate. Jefferson, Franklin, and Adams all wrote that the Declaration had been signed by Congress on July 4. But in 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717320\",\n \"text\": \"Empire. The signers’ names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south. The final draft of the Declaration was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, although the date of its signing has long been disputed. Most historians have concluded that it was signed on August 2, 1776, nearly a month after its adoption, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed. The Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, with 12 of the 13 colonies voting\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717322\",\n \"text\": \"states that the Declaration was engrossed and signed on that date (the official copy was handwritten). In 1796, signer Thomas McKean disputed that the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. \\\"No person signed it on that day nor for many days after\\\", he wrote. His claim gained support when the \\\"Secret Journals of Congress\\\" were published in 1821. The \\\"Secret Journals\\\" contained two previously unpublished entries about the Declaration. On July 15, New York's delegates got permission from\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434458\",\n \"text\": \"United States Declaration of Independence The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (now known as Independence Hall) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced that the Thirteen Colonies at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain would regard themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule. With the Declaration, these new states took a collective first step toward forming the United States of America. The declaration was signed by representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York,\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717321\",\n \"text\": \"in favor and New York abstaining. The date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams all wrote that it was signed by Congress on the day when it was adopted on July 4, 1776. That assertion is seemingly confirmed by the signed copy of the Declaration, which is dated July 4. Additional support for the July 4 date is provided by the \\\"Journals of Congress\\\", the official public record of the Continental Congress. The proceedings for 1776 were first published in 1777, and the entry for July 4\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434502\",\n \"text\": \"the Declaration had been signed on July 4, pointing out that some signers were not then present, including several who were not even elected to Congress until after that date. The Declaration was transposed on paper, adopted by the Continental Congress, and signed by John Hancock, President of the Congress, on July 4, 1776, according to the 1911 record of events by the U.S. State Department under Secretary Philander C. Knox. On August 2, 1776, a parchment paper copy of the Declaration was signed by 56 persons. Many of these signers were not present when the original Declaration was adopted\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434460\",\n \"text\": \"American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, \\\"The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America\\\" – although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved. After ratifying the text on July 4, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence in several forms. It was initially published as the printed Dunlap broadside that was widely distributed and read to the public. The source copy used for this printing has been lost and may have been a copy in Thomas\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434476\",\n \"text\": \"are now obscure, having been overshadowed by the declaration approved by Congress on July 2, and signed July 4. Some colonies held back from endorsing independence. Resistance was centered in the middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Advocates of independence saw Pennsylvania as the key; if that colony could be converted to the pro-independence cause, it was believed that the others would follow. On May 1, however, opponents of independence retained control of the Pennsylvania Assembly in a special election that had focused on the question of independence. In response, Congress passed a resolution on\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3384599\",\n \"text\": \"prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail: Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress. Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on\",\n \"title\": \"Independence Day (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717319\",\n \"text\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \\\"United States of America,\\\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717332\",\n \"text\": \"all hang separately.\\\" The quotation did not appear in print until more than 50 years after Franklin's death. Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the \\\"United States of America,\\\" and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"20903774","text":"Burmese Declaration of Independence The Burmese Declaration of Independence () was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma (now Myanmar). The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. The document was jointly penned by Thein Han, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung, U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. The Declaration of Independence was preceded by another Declaration of Independence, signed by Ba Maw on 1 August 1943. During World War II, the Japanese government advanced its previously vague promise","title":"Burmese Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"408822","text":"Texas Declaration of Independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the next day after mistakes were noted in the text. In October 1835, settlers in Mexican Texas launched the Texas Revolution. However, within Austin, many struggled with understanding what was the ultimate goal of the Revolution. Some believed that the goal should be total independence from Mexico, while others sought the reimplementation of the Mexican Constitution of","title":"Texas Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095252","text":"Declaration of Independence preceded by the date of North Carolina's supposed declaration. The early government of North Carolina, convinced that the Mecklenburg Declaration was authentic, maintained that North Carolinians were the first Americans to declare independence from Britain. As a result, both the seal and the flag of North Carolina bear the date of the declaration. Coins have been minted that celebrate the Mecklenburg Declaration, and the story was printed in elementary school textbooks. A monument to the reputed signers of the declaration was unveiled in Charlotte on May 20, 1898, and a commemorative tablet was placed in the rotunda","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"18608611","text":"Goliad Declaration of Independence The Goliad Declaration of Independence was signed on December 20, 1835 at Presidio La Bahía in Mexican Texas. The declaration was signed by 91 Texan colonists and Tejanos in the Gulf Coast of Mexico settlements who supported breaking away from Mexico and creating an independent state. While the document drafted by Matagorda \"alcalde\" (mayor) Ira Ingram was a precursor to the Texas Declaration of Independence, it was deemed premature when received by the Consultation in San Felipe de Austin. There was not yet a clear consensus among Texians for either declaring outright independence or remaining part","title":"Goliad Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"18608612","text":"of Mexico with the restoration of the 1824 Mexican Constitution. It was effectively quashed by sending it to the Committee on State and Judiciary, and was later just filed away. Goliad Declaration of Independence The Goliad Declaration of Independence was signed on December 20, 1835 at Presidio La Bahía in Mexican Texas. The declaration was signed by 91 Texan colonists and Tejanos in the Gulf Coast of Mexico settlements who supported breaking away from Mexico and creating an independent state. While the document drafted by Matagorda \"alcalde\" (mayor) Ira Ingram was a precursor to the Texas Declaration of Independence, it","title":"Goliad Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095219","text":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of Lexington. If the story is true, the Mecklenburg Declaration preceded the United States Declaration of Independence by more than a year. The authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration has been disputed since it was","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2078377","text":"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand The Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (), signed by a number of Māori chiefs in 1835, proclaimed the sovereign independence of New Zealand prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. In 1834, James Busby, the official British Resident in New Zealand, drafted a document known as the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, which he and 34 northern Māori chiefs—including Tāmati Wāka Nene, Tītore and Bay of Islands brothers; Te Wharerahi, Rewa, and Moka Te Kainga-mataa—signed at Waitangi on 28 October 1835. By 1839, 52 chiefs","title":"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand"},{"docid":"20381475","text":"Catalan declaration of independence The Catalan declaration of independence (; ) was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017, which declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic. The declaration did not receive recognition from the international community. On 10 October, in the aftermath of the 1 October 2017 Catalan independence referendum, a document establishing Catalonia as an independent republic was signed by the members of Catalonia's pro-independence parliamentary majority. The same document was voted for on 27 October by a majority of 70 out of","title":"Catalan declaration of independence"},{"docid":"20381479","text":"struggled to understand whether Puigdemont had just declared independence. While some commentators stated that independence had just been declared and put on hold, others stated that the declaration of independence had been postponed. After Puigdemont's speech, a document titled \"Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia\" declaring Catalonia's independence was signed publicly by the members of parliament of the pro-independence political parties in the auditorium of the Parliament. The document, titled \"Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia\", sought to establish Catalonia as an independent state, and called on the international community to recognize it. It was read publicly, but it was","title":"Catalan declaration of independence"},{"docid":"2095254","text":"document. The Mecklenburg Declaration is referenced in the motto for Davidson College, located in Davidson in Mecklenburg and Iredell counties: \"Alenda Lux Ubi Orta Libertas\" (\"Let Knowledge Be Cherished Where Liberty Has Arisen\"). Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"19452684","text":"end of British colonial rule in two Straits Settlements, Malacca and Penang. The document of the declaration was signed by Tunku Abdul Rahman, who was appointed as the nation's first Prime Minister. The event is celebrated annually in Malaysia with national day \"Hari Merdeka\". The date for Federation of Malaya's Independence on 31 August 1957 was determined after Tunku Abdul Rahman, Haji Sulaiman Palestin, Haji Ahmad Badawi, and a number of other UMNO leaders sought the views of Syeikh Abdullah Fahim, a notable \"Ulama\" from Kepala Batas, Penang. According to Syeikh Abdullah Fahim, if the British would not grant independence","title":"Malayan Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"20933236","text":"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku) The Declaration of Independence monument was erected on the Istiglaliyyat Street in honor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was opened on May 25, 2007. The monument is located between the buildings of the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Academy of Sciences and the Azerbaijan State Economic University. The Declaration of Independence proclaimed by the National Council of Azerbaijan on May 28, 1918 in Tiflis city, Georgia. This day is celebrated as Republic Day since May 28, 1992. On December 18, 2006, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev signed Order № 1838 on the","title":"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku)"},{"docid":"408826","text":"also contains many memorable expressions of American political principles: Sixty men signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. Three of them were born in Mexico. Fifty-seven of the sixty moved to Texas from the United States. Ten of them had lived in Texas for more than six years, while one-quarter of them had been in the province for less than a year. Fifty-nine of these men were delegates to the Convention, and one was the Convention Secretary, Herbert S. Kimble, who was not a delegate. Texas Declaration of Independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of","title":"Texas Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"14828807","text":"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence was a complete recording of the declaration using a direct to disc recording technique on acetate discs using special cutting machines. Neither the original records nor their duplicates were demanded by Israel state authorities and to date they cannot be located, except for one original acetate disc. However, copies of the recording itself survived on different media. \"Tslil - Palestine Electrical Recording Company Ltd.\" was founded in early 1947 in Tel Aviv and specialized in recording and marketing of commercial records of music of","title":"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434542","text":"that the Declaration of Independence was signed. The adoption of the Declaration of Independence was dramatized in the 1969 Tony Award–winning musical \"1776\" and the 1972 film version, as well as in the 2008 television miniseries \"John Adams\". In 1970, The 5th Dimension recorded the opening of the Declaration on their album \"Portrait\" in the song \"Declaration\". It was first performed on the \"Ed Sullivan Show\" on December 7, 1969, and it was taken as a song of protest against the Vietnam War. The Declaration of Independence is also a plot device in the 2004 American film \"National Treasure\". United","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15176186","text":"United States and a protectorate. With the backing and support from the United States Liberia kept its independence during the colonial era. Liberia was never colonized or controlled by European powers making Liberia Africa's oldest republic nation on the African continent. Twelve delegates representing the three counties of Liberia signed the Declaration along with the Constitution of Liberia: Montserrado County Grand Bassa County Sinoe County Liberian Declaration of Independence The Liberian Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Liberian Constitutional Convention on July 16, 1847 to announce that the Commonwealth of Liberia, a colony founded and controlled by","title":"Liberian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"14828814","text":"the recording are not known. At the Israel State Archive there is also a CD (Compact Disc) with exactly the same recording of the radio broadcast of the ceremony, related to Hans and Ralf Hellinger from the \"Radio Doctor\" company in Tel Aviv. The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence was a complete recording of the declaration using a direct to disc recording technique on acetate discs using special cutting machines. Neither the original records nor their duplicates were demanded by Israel state authorities and to date they cannot be located,","title":"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12625559","text":"was declared on 27 February and the festivities lasted until 1 March and in Copiapó the ceremony took place between March 27 and 28. On 15 June 1820, Valdivia was sworn into the new nation, after Thomas Cochrane led a successful attempt to capture Valdivia from the royalists. Later, on 22 January 1826, the pledge of independence would be made in San Carlos, Chiloé, after the Spanish signed the Treaty of Tantauco, which gave the Chiloé Archipelago to Chile. Chilean Declaration of Independence The Chilean Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire.","title":"Chilean Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095230","text":"events described in the article. The now elderly witnesses did not agree in every detail, but they generally corroborated the story that a declaration of independence had been read in public in Charlotte, although they were not all certain about the date. Perhaps most importantly, eighty-eight-year-old Captain James Jack was still living, and he confirmed that he had delivered to the Continental Congress a declaration of independence that had been adopted in May 1775. For many, the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration had been firmly established. After the Mecklenburg Declaration was published in 1819, supporters compiled a list of men","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717325","text":"McKean's testimony was questionable, and that historians had misinterpreted the July 19 resolution. According to Ritz, this resolution did not call for a new document to be created, but rather for the existing one to be given a new title, which was necessary after New York had joined the other 12 states in declaring independence. He reasons that the phrase \"signed by every member of Congress\" in the July 19 resolution meant that delegates who had not signed the Declaration on the 4th were now required to do so. Fifty-six delegates eventually signed the Declaration of Independence: President of Congress","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2078390","text":"claimants: The second stage of the report will be written up after final submissions are received in May 2018. Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand The Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (), signed by a number of Māori chiefs in 1835, proclaimed the sovereign independence of New Zealand prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. In 1834, James Busby, the official British Resident in New Zealand, drafted a document known as the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, which he and 34 northern Māori chiefs—including Tāmati Wāka Nene, Tītore and Bay of","title":"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand"},{"docid":"4697840","text":"Philippine Declaration of Independence The Philippine Declaration of Independence (Filipino: \"Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas\") was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo (present-day Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. With the public reading of the \"Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People\" (; ), Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began. In December 1897, the Spanish government and the revolutionaries signed a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, requiring that the Spanish pay the revolutionaries 800,000","title":"Philippine Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"13975155","text":"copy of the act was for the government and one for the board, the last one was later sent to the Chamber of Deputies. None of the former insurgents—such as Guadalupe Victoria, Vicente Guerrero or Nicolás Bravo—signed the Declaration of Independence; the reason is unknown but probably because they wanted a Republic not an Empire. The following is the list of the people who signed the Declaration of Independence, the names are written like in the acts. Juan O'Donoju did not sign but his name was written in the acts. Of the 38 members of the Provisional Governmental Board only","title":"Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire"},{"docid":"11378464","text":"Moldovan Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova () was a document adopted on 27 August 1991 by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova following the failure of the August coup attempt. The document claims \"millennial history\" and \"uninterrupted statehood\" within historic and ethnic borders and refers to the official language as \"Romanian.\" This founding act of the Republic of Moldova is celebrated as the National Day or Independence Day. The original document that was approved and signed by 278 parliamentary deputies in 1991 was burned during the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests,","title":"Moldovan Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15717327","text":"delegation before the August 2 signing. Rogers had voted for the resolution of independence but was no longer a delegate on August 2. Alsop favored reconciliation with Great Britain and so resigned rather than add his name to the document. Dickinson refused to sign, believing the Declaration premature, but he remained in Congress. George Read had voted against the resolution of independence, and Robert Morris had abstained—yet they both signed the Declaration. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and","title":"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"7477709","text":"now a museum and monument: the House of Tucumán. The Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America was written in Spanish and then translated into Quechua and Aymara. The version in Aymara is attributed to Vicente Pazos Kanki (1779-1852). Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic. The","title":"Argentine Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"20933238","text":"and the text of Independence Declaration (adopted in Tbilisi, 1918) engraved on the Declaration of Independence monument in both old Arabic and Latin alphabets on the upper part (made of granite). The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku) The Declaration of Independence monument was erected on the Istiglaliyyat Street in honor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was opened on May 25, 2007. The monument is located between the buildings of the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Academy of Sciences and the Azerbaijan State Economic University. The Declaration of Independence proclaimed by the National Council of Azerbaijan on May 28,","title":"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku)"},{"docid":"2095222","text":"from Great Britain. As a result, both the seal and the flag of North Carolina bear the date of the declaration. A holiday commemorating the Mecklenburg Declaration, \"Meck Dec Day\", is celebrated on May 20 in North Carolina, although it is no longer an official holiday and does not attract the attention that it once did. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was published on April 30, 1819 in an article written by Dr. Joseph McKnitt Alexander in the \"Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette\", of Raleigh, North Carolina. \"It is not probably known to many of our readers,\" wrote the","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095225","text":"approved by Congress. The North Carolina congressional delegation—Richard Caswell, William Hooper, and Joseph Hewes—told Jack that although they supported what had been done, it was premature to discuss a declaration of independence in Congress. Dr. Alexander concluded by writing that although the original documents relating to the Mecklenburg Declaration were destroyed in a fire in 1800, the article was written from a true copy of the papers left to him by his father, who was now deceased. The 1819 article about the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was reprinted in many newspapers across the United States. People immediately noticed that, even","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"13975153","text":"Mazo, the first political chief of Mexico City, distributed a proclamation with the Declaration of Independence so all the people could read it, especially the courts, governors and military authorities, for them to publish it nationwide. On the afternoon of September 28, members of the Board met at the National Palace to draft the Declaration of Independence of the newly independent nation. The resulting two documents were drafted in its final form by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, Secretary of the Board. The acts were signed by 33 of the 38 members of the Board and Iturbide as President","title":"Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire"},{"docid":"434461","text":"Jefferson's hand. Jefferson's original draft is preserved at the Library of Congress, complete with changes made by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, as well as Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is a signed copy that is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and which is popularly regarded as the official document. This engrossed copy was ordered by Congress on July 19 and signed primarily on August 2. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"19142406","text":"and 0 abstentions in the Parliament of Catalonia. On 9 June 2017, the Catalan government announced the date of the independence referendum. It was declared illegal on 6 September 2017 and suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain because it breached the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It was held on 1 October the same year, using a disputed voting process, resulting in a 90% majority of votes favouring independence with a turnout of 42.58%. Subsequently the European Commission agreed that the referendum was illegal. Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia After pro-independence parties won a","title":"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia"},{"docid":"103161","text":"independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis. Declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that \"International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence\", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration","title":"Declaration of independence"},{"docid":"2095250","text":"schools to teach that Mecklenburg County had adopted a Declaration of Independence on May 20, 1775—to teach what had been clearly demonstrated an untruth.\" In 1997 historian Pauline Maier wrote: When compared to other documents of the time, the \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\" supposedly adopted on May 20, 1775, is simply incredible. It makes the reaction of North Carolinians to Lexington and Concord more extreme than that of the Massachusetts people who received the blow. The resolutions of May 31, 1775, of which there is contemporary evidence, were also radical, but remain believable. Despite much scholarly opinion against the authenticity","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12426591","text":"to recognize Hungarian independence, saying Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Hungarian Declaration of Independence declared the independence of Hungary from the Habsburg Monarchy during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It was presented to the National Assembly in closed session on 13 April 1849 by Lajos Kossuth, and in open session the following day, despite political opposition from within the Hungarian Peace Party. The declaration was passed unanimously the following day. Kossuth issued the declaration himself, from the Protestant Great Church of Debrecen. The declaration accused the Habsburgs of crimes, saying In a banquet speech before the Corporation of New York,","title":"Hungarian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"18087599","text":"adoption of the Declaration of Independence - the Republic day of Azerbaijan is celebrated as a state holiday since May 28, 1990. Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan) The Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan () is the declaration of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the Russian Empire. Azerbaijan was proclaimed independent in Tiflis on 28 May 1918. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Muslim representation in the defunct Transcaucasian Seim had constituted itself","title":"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)"},{"docid":"20381481","text":"Spanish Constitution, which would authorise Madrid to temporarily take over Catalonia’s internal affairs. According to Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs Alfonso Dastis, the written declaration was legally void, as it was not voted and it was signed outside of a parliamentary session. On 27 October 2017, a resolution based on the \"Declaration of the representatives of Catalonia\" declaring the independence of Catalonia was voted in the Parliament and was approved with 70 votes in favor, 10 against, and 2 blank votes. Fifty-three MPs from the opposition refused to be present during the voting after the legal services of the Catalan","title":"Catalan declaration of independence"},{"docid":"17580801","text":"his occupation, and his home town. It was dedicated on July 2, 1984, exactly 208 years after the Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is accessible to the public by crossing a wooden bridge onto a small island set in the lake between Constitution Avenue and the Reflecting Pool, not far from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Fifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and are honored at this Memorial: President of Congress New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia","title":"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"103160","text":"Declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that \"International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence\", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of","title":"Declaration of independence"},{"docid":"1581623","text":"Irish Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence (, ) was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21 January 1919. It followed from the Sinn Féin election manifesto of December 1918. Texts of the declaration were adopted in three languages: Irish, English and French. The Irish Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland. The declaration made no mention of the independence of the 32-county geographic island, just the independence of the \"Irish nation\" or \"Irish people\". It was rivalled by the","title":"Irish Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2958551","text":"Finnish Declaration of Independence The Finnish Declaration of Independence (; ; ) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, among nations ending its autonomy within Russia as its Grand Duchy of Finland, with reference to a simultaneously delivered bill to the Diet to make Finland an independent republic instead. Declaring the independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as the Independence Day in Finland. After the February Revolution and the abdication of Grand Duke Nicholas II on 2 March","title":"Finnish Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"15176181","text":"Liberian Declaration of Independence The Liberian Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Liberian Constitutional Convention on July 16, 1847 to announce that the Commonwealth of Liberia, a colony founded and controlled by the private American Colonization Society, was now an independent state known as the Republic of Liberia. The Declaration was written by Hilary Teague and adopted simultaneously with the first Constitution of Liberia. The anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration and accompanying Constitution is celebrated as Independence Day in Liberia. The Declaration articulates the history of the Americo-Liberians that settled the Commonwealth and sets out","title":"Liberian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12426590","text":"Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Hungarian Declaration of Independence declared the independence of Hungary from the Habsburg Monarchy during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It was presented to the National Assembly in closed session on 13 April 1849 by Lajos Kossuth, and in open session the following day, despite political opposition from within the Hungarian Peace Party. The declaration was passed unanimously the following day. Kossuth issued the declaration himself, from the Protestant Great Church of Debrecen. The declaration accused the Habsburgs of crimes, saying In a banquet speech before the Corporation of New York, Kossuth urged the United States","title":"Hungarian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"10976608","text":"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America The Solemn Act of Northern America's Declaration of Independence () is the first Mexican legal historical document which established the separation of Mexico from Spanish rule. It was signed on November 6, 1813, by the deputies of the Congress of Anáhuac, organized by General José María Morelos in the city of Oaxaca in June of that same year, and later installed in the city of Chilpancingo on September 13. The document gathers some of the main political uprisings contained in \"Feelings of the Nation\" (\"Sentimientos de la Nación\"), a document","title":"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America"},{"docid":"13669374","text":"nation his \"Predilect Daughter\", and was called the \"Favorite Son\" of the new country by its people. On 18 May 1826 in Lima, Bolívar signed on behalf of Peru a degree recognizing the independence of Bolivia. In 2008, modern-day historians commented on the declaration of independence, bringing forth certain contradictions and controversies. The say that it was Colonel Carlos de Medinacelli who was the first liberator of Bolivia and that to this day he is a forgotten hero. After the Battle of Tumusla on 1 April 1825— a day of patriotism that should be celebrated as a historical day instead","title":"Bolivian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095234","text":"the credit for leading the American Revolution. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence clearly enhanced North Carolina's role—already notable because of the Halifax Resolves of April 1776—in establishing American independence. The first celebration of the anniversary of the supposed adoption of the Mecklenburg Declaration took place in Charlotte on May 20, 1825. Many North Carolinians were offended when Thomas Jefferson's skeptical letter about the Mecklenburg Declaration was posthumously published in 1829. In questioning the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration, Jefferson, a Virginian, had impolitically referred to William Hooper, one of North Carolina's signers of the American Declaration of Independence, as a","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2958558","text":"Union (1940-1941, 1944-1991). See Occupation of the Baltic states. Finnish Declaration of Independence The Finnish Declaration of Independence (; ; ) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, among nations ending its autonomy within Russia as its Grand Duchy of Finland, with reference to a simultaneously delivered bill to the Diet to make Finland an independent republic instead. Declaring the independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as the Independence Day in Finland. After the February Revolution and the","title":"Finnish Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12570278","text":"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence In Respect of Kosovo was a request for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the court. The court delivered its advisory opinion on 2010; by a","title":"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence"},{"docid":"2095221","text":"1838. Historians believe that the Mecklenburg Declaration was written in 1800 in an attempt to recreate the Mecklenburg Resolves from memory. According to this theory, the author of the Mecklenburg Declaration mistakenly believed that the Resolves had been a declaration of independence, and so he recreated the Resolves with language borrowed from the United States Declaration of Independence. Defenders of the Mecklenburg Declaration have argued that both the Mecklenburg Declaration and the Mecklenburg Resolves are authentic. The early government of North Carolina, convinced that the Mecklenburg Declaration was genuine, maintained that North Carolinians were the first Americans to declare independence","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"8474370","text":"on view at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut. Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) Declaration of Independence is a oil-on-canvas painting by American John Trumbull depicting the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. It was based on a much smaller version of the same scene, presently held by the Yale University Art Gallery. Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life, and visited Independence Hall to depict the chamber where the Second Continental Congress met. The oil-on-canvas work was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the United","title":"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)"},{"docid":"16489722","text":"recognised and that \"the question could be the reverse: why are there more than 100 countries that have not recognized Kosovo and why do those 60 not see what the other 100 see?\". In March 2012, during a fierce debate between Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy and Catalan MP and Convergence and Union spokesman Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida, Rajoy stated that he is opposed to the recognition of Kosovo as this is what suits the interests of Spain. Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February","title":"Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence"},{"docid":"8474363","text":"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) Declaration of Independence is a oil-on-canvas painting by American John Trumbull depicting the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. It was based on a much smaller version of the same scene, presently held by the Yale University Art Gallery. Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life, and visited Independence Hall to depict the chamber where the Second Continental Congress met. The oil-on-canvas work was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the United States Capitol rotunda in 1826. The painting is sometimes incorrectly described as","title":"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)"},{"docid":"14292622","text":"Czechoslovak declaration of independence The Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence or the Washington Declaration (; ) was drafted in Washington, D.C. and published by Czechoslovakia's Paris-based Provisional Government on 18 October 1918. The creation of the document, officially the Declaration of Independence of the Czechoslovak Nation by Its Provisional Government (), was prompted by the imminent collapse of the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire, of which the Czech and Slovak lands had been part for almost 400 years, following the First World War. In the autumn of 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was collapsing. As one of his Fourteen Points, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson","title":"Czechoslovak declaration of independence"},{"docid":"5224381","text":"Indonesia's independence, scheduled for 24 August. While the formal preparation of the declaration, and the official independence itself for that matter, had been carefully planned a few months earlier, the actual declaration date was brought forward almost inadvertently as a consequence of the Japanese unconditional surrender to the Allies on 15 August following the Nagasaki atomic bombing. The historic event was triggered by a plot, led by a few more radical youth activists such as Adam Malik and Chairul Saleh, that put pressure on Sukarno and Hatta to proclaim independence immediately. The declaration was to be signed by the 27","title":"Proclamation of Indonesian Independence"},{"docid":"11578246","text":"minority ethnic communities. The original papyrus version of the declaration signed that day is in the Albanian language. The Albanian text of the declaration is the sole authentic text. On 18 February 2008 the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia declared Kosovo's declaration of independence as null and void per the suggestion of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, after the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia deemed the act illegal arguing it was not in coordination with the UN Charter, the Constitution of Serbia, the Helsinki Final Act, UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (including the previous","title":"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence"},{"docid":"434514","text":"in 1941, the documents were moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox in Kentucky, where they were kept until 1944. In 1952, the engrossed Declaration was transferred to the National Archives and is now on permanent display at the National Archives in the \"Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom\". The document signed by Congress and enshrined in the National Archives is usually regarded as \"the\" Declaration of Independence, but historian Julian P. Boyd argued that the Declaration, like Magna Carta, is not a single document. Boyd considered the printed broadsides ordered by Congress to be","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12625547","text":"to be signed by O'Higgins, and later by his former ministers, Miguel Zañartu, Hipólito Villegas and José Ignacio Zenteno, who were still living in Chile. This copy was kept at the Palacio de La Moneda until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, when it was destroyed during the fighting. By 1817, the Chilean War of Independence had entered its final phase, and there was little doubt that its final goal, national independence, would be realized. Even though Chile had been operating independently from Spain for several years, no formal declaration of independence had yet been produced. One of the first official","title":"Chilean Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12570309","text":"opposition to the verdict, while Abkhazia and South Ossetia hailed it. International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence In Respect of Kosovo was a request for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the","title":"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence"},{"docid":"7477704","text":"Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces, at war with the United Provinces, were not allowed into the Congress. At the same time, several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present-day Bolivia, were represented at the Congress. The 1810 May Revolution","title":"Argentine Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"16684762","text":"Unilateral declaration of independence A unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) is a formal process leading to the establishment of a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding. The term was first used when Rhodesia declared independence in 1965 from the United Kingdom (UK) without an agreement with the UK. Prominent examples of a unilateral declaration of independence other than Rhodesia's UDI in 1965 include that of the United States in 1776, the Irish Declaration of Independence of 1919 by a revolutionary parliament,","title":"Unilateral declaration of independence"},{"docid":"14400384","text":"only surviving copy in the British National Archives. Haitian Declaration of Independence The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1804 in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of 13-year long Haitian Revolution. The declaration marked Haiti's becoming the first independent nation of Latin America and only the second in the Americas after the United States. Notably, the Haitian Declaration of Independence signalled the culmination of the only successful slave revolution in history. Only two copies of the original printed version exist. Both of these were discovered by Julia Gaffield, a Duke University","title":"Haitian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"14400370","text":"Haitian Declaration of Independence The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1804 in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of 13-year long Haitian Revolution. The declaration marked Haiti's becoming the first independent nation of Latin America and only the second in the Americas after the United States. Notably, the Haitian Declaration of Independence signalled the culmination of the only successful slave revolution in history. Only two copies of the original printed version exist. Both of these were discovered by Julia Gaffield, a Duke University postgraduate student, in The National Archives (UK) in","title":"Haitian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"10451437","text":"Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day. The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee elected by the elders of the Estonian Provincial Assembly. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was delayed until the evening of 23 February, when the manifesto was printed and read out aloud publicly in Pärnu. On the next day, 24 February, the manifesto","title":"Estonian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"18087593","text":"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan) The Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan () is the declaration of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the Russian Empire. Azerbaijan was proclaimed independent in Tiflis on 28 May 1918. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Muslim representation in the defunct Transcaucasian Seim had constituted itself into the Azerbaijani National Council, and on May 28, 1918 proclaimed that a new nation was born. So far only a geographical","title":"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)"},{"docid":"2440957","text":"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada The Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada () was written in French by the patriot rebel Robert Nelson on February 22, 1838, while in exile in the United States, after the first rebellion of 1837. The 1838 declaration was primarily inspired by the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, but it also included some other political ideas that were popular in the 19th century. The movement for the independence of Lower Canada (today Quebec) ultimately failed, as it did not result","title":"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada"},{"docid":"11578227","text":"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 17 February 2008 by the Assembly of Kosovo. In a meeting attended by 109 of the total 120 members, the assembly unanimously declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia, while all 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions; the first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990. The legality of the declaration has been disputed. Serbia sought international validation and support for its stance that the declaration was illegal, and in October 2008","title":"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence"},{"docid":"17912419","text":"Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea was a joint resolution adopted on March 11, 2014 by the Russian-proclaimed Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council where they expressed their intention to join Russia, in the event of a \"Yes\" vote in a referendum that was to be held on March 16. The participants were at the time subnational divisions of Ukraine. The international community widely condemned the Declaration of Independence. A major source of criticism was that the referendum's adoption came after the building of the Supreme","title":"Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea"},{"docid":"10451447","text":"\"Long live the independent democratic Republic of Estonia!\" \"Long live peace among nations!\" \"The Council of Elders of the Estonian National Council\" <br> \"Tallinn, 21 February 1918\" Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day. The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee elected by the elders of the Estonian Provincial Assembly. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was","title":"Estonian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"4697842","text":"between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo some south of Manila. The event saw the unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the performance of the \"Marcha Filipina Magdalo\", as the national anthem, now known as \"Lupang Hinirang\", which was composed by Julián Felipe and played by the \"San Francisco de Malabon\" marching band. The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish. The Declaration was signed by","title":"Philippine Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12100919","text":"Albanian Declaration of Independence The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: \"Shpallja e Pavarësisë\", or \"Deklarata e Pavarësisë\") is the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders, Pleqësia. The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries, that the Ottoman Empire was weak. The Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian Vilayet, preferring a partition of","title":"Albanian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12625558","text":"Santiago lasted until 16 February. The declaration itself was widely distributed to the populace. Another document, which covered the motives behind the revolution and declaration of independence, written by Bernardo Vera, was also distributed to the public to a lesser extent. In Talca, on 12 February, O'Higgins presided over the swearing-in of the Independent Southern Army, and the subsequent ceremony with ceremonial gunfire, a Mass, Te Deum and public festivities. During these few days, the declaration of independence was made in many other cities and towns of Chile, with as many festivities as could be had. In La Serena, independence","title":"Chilean Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12570280","text":"while many countries which do not recognise Kosovo said they would not be doing so as the ruling could set a precedent of endorsing secession in other places. The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 2008 in a meeting of the Assembly of Kosovo. It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's ethnic-Albanian political institutions, the first having been proclaimed on 1990. Serbia decided to seek international validation and support for its stance that the declaration of independence was illegal at the International Court of Justice. Whether the declaration was in fact an official act of the","title":"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence"},{"docid":"12100934","text":"the reverses of the Albanian 200 lekë banknote of 1992–1996, and of the 500 lekë banknote issued since 1996. Albanian Declaration of Independence The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: \"Shpallja e Pavarësisë\", or \"Deklarata e Pavarësisë\") is the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders, Pleqësia. The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries, that the","title":"Albanian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"11378465","text":"but an identical document was restored in 2010. The Moldovan Declaration of Independence clearly and directly claims Moldovan sovereignty over the territory of Transnistria as \"a component part of the historical and ethnic territory of our people\". Moldovan Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova () was a document adopted on 27 August 1991 by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova following the failure of the August coup attempt. The document claims \"millennial history\" and \"uninterrupted statehood\" within historic and ethnic borders and refers to the official language as \"Romanian.\" This founding act of","title":"Moldovan Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095236","text":"the Aspersions of Mr. Jefferson.\" Jones defended the patriotism of William Hooper and accused Jefferson of being envious that a little county in North Carolina had declared independence at a time when the \"Sage of Monticello\" was still hoping for reconciliation with Great Britain. On May 20, 1835, more than five thousand people gathered in Charlotte to celebrate the Mecklenburg Declaration. In the many toasts celebrating \"the \"first\" declaration of American independence\", Jefferson was never mentioned. In 1837, Jefferson's first biographer, George Tucker, came to Jefferson's defense. In \"The Life of Thomas Jefferson\", Tucker argued that Jefferson's Declaration of Independence","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2095251","text":"of the Mecklenburg Declaration, belief in the document remains important to some North Carolinians, says historian Dan L. Morrill, who notes that the possibility that it is genuine cannot be entirely discounted. Morrill writes, \"Let's make one thing clear. One cannot demonstrate conclusively that the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a fake. The dramatic events of May nineteenth and May twentieth could have happened. Ultimately, it is a matter of faith, not proof. You believe it or you don't believe it.\" Recently, North Carolina released a new license plate, with the words \"First in Freedom\" and the date of the","title":"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"10976610","text":"same events. The resulting state would be a successor to the Viceroyalty of New Spain and it would preserve all of its territory in North America (\"América Septentrional\"). The Solemn Act defined penalties for those people who contravene the insurgent war or for those who refused to give their financial support. The Act also recognized the Roman Catholic religion as the sole, official religion of the nation. It was signed by: Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America The Solemn Act of Northern America's Declaration of Independence () is the first Mexican legal historical document which established","title":"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America"},{"docid":"434523","text":"Declaration of Independence in 1818, Costa Rica in 1821, El Salvador in 1821, Guatemala in 1821, Honduras in (1821), Mexico in 1821, Nicaragua in 1821, Peru in 1821, Bolivian War of Independence in 1825, Uruguay in 1825, Ecuador in 1830, Colombia in 1831, Paraguay in 1842, Dominican Republic in 1844, Texas Declaration of Independence in March 1836, California Republic in November 1836, Hungarian Declaration of Independence in 1849, Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand in 1835, and the Czechoslovak declaration of independence from 1918 drafted in Washington D.C. with Gutzon Borglum among the drafters. The Rhodesian declaration of independence,","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"9233196","text":"celebrated in Ukraine as Independence Day. Poland and Canada were the first countries to recognize Ukraine's independence, both on 2 December 1991. The same day the President of the Russian SFSR Boris Yeltsin did the same. The United States did so on 25 December 1991. That month the independence of Ukraine was recognized by 68 states, and in 1992 it was recognized by another 64 states. Declaration of Independence of Ukraine The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (, translit. \"Akt proholoshennya nezalezhnosti Ukrayiny\") was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on 24 August 1991. The Act established Ukraine as","title":"Declaration of Independence of Ukraine"},{"docid":"18087597","text":"Hasan bey Aghayev. Dr. Hasan bey Aghayev informed the participants about the collapse of the Transcaucasian Sejm, as well as prevailing in the region internal and external situation. Aghayev put the consideration of the free and independent Azerbaijan. After a long and thorough discussion, the Secretary Mustafa Mahmudov read the names of voters; 24 votes, with 2 abstentions, adopted a Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan. The Declaration was signed by Hasan bey Aghayev, Fatali Khan Khoyski, Nasib Yusifbeyli, Jamo bey Hajinski, Shafi bey Rustambeyli, Nariman bey Narimanbeyov, Javad Malik-Yeganov and Mustafa Mahmudov. Only Jafar Ahundov and one of the leaders","title":"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)"},{"docid":"12625546","text":"Chilean Declaration of Independence The Chilean Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire. It was drafted in January 1818 and approved by Supreme Director Bernardo O'Higgins on 12 February 1818 at Talca, despite being dated in Concepción on 1 January 1818. The ceremony of independence was performed on 12 February 1818, the first anniversary of the Battle of Chacabuco. The original document, displaying manuscript comments by O'Higgins, was damaged at the Palace of the Real Audiencia of Santiago. In 1832, under President José Joaquín Prieto, a new copy was sent to Peru","title":"Chilean Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"12570302","text":"this court that would turn back time ... [and] undermine the progress and stability that Kosovo's declaration has brought to the region.\" On 22 July 2010, the court ruled that the declaration of independence was not in violation of international law. The President of the ICJ Justice Hisashi Owada said that international law contains no \"prohibition on declarations of independence.\" The court also said while the declaration may not have been illegal, the issue of recognition was a political one. The question put to the Court concerned the legality of a declaration of independence made by the Provisional Institutions of","title":"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence"},{"docid":"434521","text":"declaration also influenced the Russian Empire. The document had a particular impact on the Decembrist revolt and other Russian thinkers. According to historian David Armitage, the Declaration of Independence did prove to be internationally influential, but not as a statement of human rights. Armitage argued that the Declaration was the first in a new genre of declarations of independence that announced the creation of new states. Other French leaders were directly influenced by the text of the Declaration of Independence itself. The \"Manifesto of the Province of Flanders\" (1790) was the first foreign derivation of the Declaration; others include the","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2958555","text":"was however no longer deemed suitable. Leading circles had long held monarchism and hereditary nobility to be antiquated, and advocated a republican constitution for Finland. The Senate of Finland, the government that the Parliament had appointed in November, drafted a Declaration of Independence and a proposal for a new republican Instrument of Government. Chairman of the Senate ( Prime minister) Pehr Evind Svinhufvud read the Declaration to the Parliament on 4 December. The Declaration of Independence was technically given the form of a preamble of the proposition, and was intended to be agreed by the Parliament, which adopted the Declaration","title":"Finnish Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"14400374","text":"to be known as the l’État d’Haïti (The State of Haiti), rather than the Haitian Republic. Following independence, Dessalines accorded all power to himself as the \"head of state\", which was made possible by the support of the 17 senior officials that signed the third section of the declaration. The central issue for the Haitian revolution was independence, specifically freedom from their enslavement under France. In its social and political complexity, the Haitian Revolution resembled the simultaneous revolution in France, since the demand of the revolutionaries was secession from the ruling-class of France. Moreover, unlike mainland colonies, Haiti was an","title":"Haitian Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"434522","text":"Venezuelan Declaration of Independence (1811), the Liberian Declaration of Independence (1847), the declarations of secession by the Confederate States of America (1860–61), and the Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence (1945). These declarations echoed the United States Declaration of Independence in announcing the independence of a new state, without necessarily endorsing the political philosophy of the original. Other countries have used the Declaration as inspiration or have directly copied sections from it. These include the Haitian declaration of January 1, 1804, during the Haitian Revolution, the United Provinces of New Granada in 1811, the Argentine Declaration of Independence in 1816, the Chilean","title":"United States Declaration of Independence"},{"docid":"2440959","text":"good, and secure to us and our posterity the advantages of civil and religious liberty,\" \"SOLEMNLY DECLARE:—\" Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada The Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada () was written in French by the patriot rebel Robert Nelson on February 22, 1838, while in exile in the United States, after the first rebellion of 1837. The 1838 declaration was primarily inspired by the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, but it also included some other political ideas that were popular in the 19th century.","title":"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada"},{"docid":"19142405","text":"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia After pro-independence parties won a majority of seats in the Catalan election on 27 September 2015, the Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia () was issued on 9 November 2015. The declaration declares the start of the process to create an independent Catalan state in the form of a republic and proclaims the start of a participative, open, integrating and active citizens' constituent process to lay the foundation for the future Catalan Constitution. The declaration was passed with 72 votes in favor, 63 against","title":"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia"},{"docid":"17580800","text":"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence is a memorial depicting the signatures of the original 56 signatories to the United States Declaration of Independence. It is located in the Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Public Law 95-260 was passed by Congress in 1978 to create a memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is a gift from the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration and consists of 56 stone blocks, each with a facsimile of the signer's actual signature,","title":"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"20903774\",\n \"text\": \"Burmese Declaration of Independence The Burmese Declaration of Independence () was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma (now Myanmar). The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. The document was jointly penned by Thein Han, Min Thu Wun, Ohn Pe and Win Sein, and translated into English by Maung Maung, U Thant, Khin Maung, and Khin Zaw. The Declaration of Independence was preceded by another Declaration of Independence, signed by Ba Maw on 1 August 1943. During World War II, the Japanese government advanced its previously vague promise\",\n \"title\": \"Burmese Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"408822\",\n \"text\": \"Texas Declaration of Independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in the Texas Revolution. It was adopted at the Convention of 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, and formally signed the next day after mistakes were noted in the text. In October 1835, settlers in Mexican Texas launched the Texas Revolution. However, within Austin, many struggled with understanding what was the ultimate goal of the Revolution. Some believed that the goal should be total independence from Mexico, while others sought the reimplementation of the Mexican Constitution of\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095252\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence preceded by the date of North Carolina's supposed declaration. The early government of North Carolina, convinced that the Mecklenburg Declaration was authentic, maintained that North Carolinians were the first Americans to declare independence from Britain. As a result, both the seal and the flag of North Carolina bear the date of the declaration. Coins have been minted that celebrate the Mecklenburg Declaration, and the story was printed in elementary school textbooks. A monument to the reputed signers of the declaration was unveiled in Charlotte on May 20, 1898, and a commemorative tablet was placed in the rotunda\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18608611\",\n \"text\": \"Goliad Declaration of Independence The Goliad Declaration of Independence was signed on December 20, 1835 at Presidio La Bahía in Mexican Texas. The declaration was signed by 91 Texan colonists and Tejanos in the Gulf Coast of Mexico settlements who supported breaking away from Mexico and creating an independent state. While the document drafted by Matagorda \\\"alcalde\\\" (mayor) Ira Ingram was a precursor to the Texas Declaration of Independence, it was deemed premature when received by the Consultation in San Felipe de Austin. There was not yet a clear consensus among Texians for either declaring outright independence or remaining part\",\n \"title\": \"Goliad Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18608612\",\n \"text\": \"of Mexico with the restoration of the 1824 Mexican Constitution. It was effectively quashed by sending it to the Committee on State and Judiciary, and was later just filed away. Goliad Declaration of Independence The Goliad Declaration of Independence was signed on December 20, 1835 at Presidio La Bahía in Mexican Texas. The declaration was signed by 91 Texan colonists and Tejanos in the Gulf Coast of Mexico settlements who supported breaking away from Mexico and creating an independent state. While the document drafted by Matagorda \\\"alcalde\\\" (mayor) Ira Ingram was a precursor to the Texas Declaration of Independence, it\",\n \"title\": \"Goliad Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095219\",\n \"text\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of Lexington. If the story is true, the Mecklenburg Declaration preceded the United States Declaration of Independence by more than a year. The authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration has been disputed since it was\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2078377\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand The Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (), signed by a number of Māori chiefs in 1835, proclaimed the sovereign independence of New Zealand prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. In 1834, James Busby, the official British Resident in New Zealand, drafted a document known as the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, which he and 34 northern Māori chiefs—including Tāmati Wāka Nene, Tītore and Bay of Islands brothers; Te Wharerahi, Rewa, and Moka Te Kainga-mataa—signed at Waitangi on 28 October 1835. By 1839, 52 chiefs\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20381475\",\n \"text\": \"Catalan declaration of independence The Catalan declaration of independence (; ) was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017, which declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic. The declaration did not receive recognition from the international community. On 10 October, in the aftermath of the 1 October 2017 Catalan independence referendum, a document establishing Catalonia as an independent republic was signed by the members of Catalonia's pro-independence parliamentary majority. The same document was voted for on 27 October by a majority of 70 out of\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20381479\",\n \"text\": \"struggled to understand whether Puigdemont had just declared independence. While some commentators stated that independence had just been declared and put on hold, others stated that the declaration of independence had been postponed. After Puigdemont's speech, a document titled \\\"Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia\\\" declaring Catalonia's independence was signed publicly by the members of parliament of the pro-independence political parties in the auditorium of the Parliament. The document, titled \\\"Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia\\\", sought to establish Catalonia as an independent state, and called on the international community to recognize it. It was read publicly, but it was\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095254\",\n \"text\": \"document. The Mecklenburg Declaration is referenced in the motto for Davidson College, located in Davidson in Mecklenburg and Iredell counties: \\\"Alenda Lux Ubi Orta Libertas\\\" (\\\"Let Knowledge Be Cherished Where Liberty Has Arisen\\\"). Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a text published in 1819 with the claim that it was the first declaration of independence made in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. It was supposedly signed on May 20, 1775, in Charlotte, North Carolina, by a committee of citizens of Mecklenburg County, who declared independence from Great Britain after hearing of the battle of\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19452684\",\n \"text\": \"end of British colonial rule in two Straits Settlements, Malacca and Penang. The document of the declaration was signed by Tunku Abdul Rahman, who was appointed as the nation's first Prime Minister. The event is celebrated annually in Malaysia with national day \\\"Hari Merdeka\\\". The date for Federation of Malaya's Independence on 31 August 1957 was determined after Tunku Abdul Rahman, Haji Sulaiman Palestin, Haji Ahmad Badawi, and a number of other UMNO leaders sought the views of Syeikh Abdullah Fahim, a notable \\\"Ulama\\\" from Kepala Batas, Penang. According to Syeikh Abdullah Fahim, if the British would not grant independence\",\n \"title\": \"Malayan Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20933236\",\n \"text\": \"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku) The Declaration of Independence monument was erected on the Istiglaliyyat Street in honor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was opened on May 25, 2007. The monument is located between the buildings of the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Academy of Sciences and the Azerbaijan State Economic University. The Declaration of Independence proclaimed by the National Council of Azerbaijan on May 28, 1918 in Tiflis city, Georgia. This day is celebrated as Republic Day since May 28, 1992. On December 18, 2006, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev signed Order № 1838 on the\",\n \"title\": \"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"408826\",\n \"text\": \"also contains many memorable expressions of American political principles: Sixty men signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. Three of them were born in Mexico. Fifty-seven of the sixty moved to Texas from the United States. Ten of them had lived in Texas for more than six years, while one-quarter of them had been in the province for less than a year. Fifty-nine of these men were delegates to the Convention, and one was the Convention Secretary, Herbert S. Kimble, who was not a delegate. Texas Declaration of Independence The Texas Declaration of Independence was the formal declaration of independence of\",\n \"title\": \"Texas Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14828807\",\n \"text\": \"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence was a complete recording of the declaration using a direct to disc recording technique on acetate discs using special cutting machines. Neither the original records nor their duplicates were demanded by Israel state authorities and to date they cannot be located, except for one original acetate disc. However, copies of the recording itself survived on different media. \\\"Tslil - Palestine Electrical Recording Company Ltd.\\\" was founded in early 1947 in Tel Aviv and specialized in recording and marketing of commercial records of music of\",\n \"title\": \"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434542\",\n \"text\": \"that the Declaration of Independence was signed. The adoption of the Declaration of Independence was dramatized in the 1969 Tony Award–winning musical \\\"1776\\\" and the 1972 film version, as well as in the 2008 television miniseries \\\"John Adams\\\". In 1970, The 5th Dimension recorded the opening of the Declaration on their album \\\"Portrait\\\" in the song \\\"Declaration\\\". It was first performed on the \\\"Ed Sullivan Show\\\" on December 7, 1969, and it was taken as a song of protest against the Vietnam War. The Declaration of Independence is also a plot device in the 2004 American film \\\"National Treasure\\\". United\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15176186\",\n \"text\": \"United States and a protectorate. With the backing and support from the United States Liberia kept its independence during the colonial era. Liberia was never colonized or controlled by European powers making Liberia Africa's oldest republic nation on the African continent. Twelve delegates representing the three counties of Liberia signed the Declaration along with the Constitution of Liberia: Montserrado County Grand Bassa County Sinoe County Liberian Declaration of Independence The Liberian Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Liberian Constitutional Convention on July 16, 1847 to announce that the Commonwealth of Liberia, a colony founded and controlled by\",\n \"title\": \"Liberian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14828814\",\n \"text\": \"the recording are not known. At the Israel State Archive there is also a CD (Compact Disc) with exactly the same recording of the radio broadcast of the ceremony, related to Hans and Ralf Hellinger from the \\\"Radio Doctor\\\" company in Tel Aviv. The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence was a complete recording of the declaration using a direct to disc recording technique on acetate discs using special cutting machines. Neither the original records nor their duplicates were demanded by Israel state authorities and to date they cannot be located,\",\n \"title\": \"The Recording of the Israel Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12625559\",\n \"text\": \"was declared on 27 February and the festivities lasted until 1 March and in Copiapó the ceremony took place between March 27 and 28. On 15 June 1820, Valdivia was sworn into the new nation, after Thomas Cochrane led a successful attempt to capture Valdivia from the royalists. Later, on 22 January 1826, the pledge of independence would be made in San Carlos, Chiloé, after the Spanish signed the Treaty of Tantauco, which gave the Chiloé Archipelago to Chile. Chilean Declaration of Independence The Chilean Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire.\",\n \"title\": \"Chilean Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095230\",\n \"text\": \"events described in the article. The now elderly witnesses did not agree in every detail, but they generally corroborated the story that a declaration of independence had been read in public in Charlotte, although they were not all certain about the date. Perhaps most importantly, eighty-eight-year-old Captain James Jack was still living, and he confirmed that he had delivered to the Continental Congress a declaration of independence that had been adopted in May 1775. For many, the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration had been firmly established. After the Mecklenburg Declaration was published in 1819, supporters compiled a list of men\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717325\",\n \"text\": \"McKean's testimony was questionable, and that historians had misinterpreted the July 19 resolution. According to Ritz, this resolution did not call for a new document to be created, but rather for the existing one to be given a new title, which was necessary after New York had joined the other 12 states in declaring independence. He reasons that the phrase \\\"signed by every member of Congress\\\" in the July 19 resolution meant that delegates who had not signed the Declaration on the 4th were now required to do so. Fifty-six delegates eventually signed the Declaration of Independence: President of Congress\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2078390\",\n \"text\": \"claimants: The second stage of the report will be written up after final submissions are received in May 2018. Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand The Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand (), signed by a number of Māori chiefs in 1835, proclaimed the sovereign independence of New Zealand prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. In 1834, James Busby, the official British Resident in New Zealand, drafted a document known as the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, which he and 34 northern Māori chiefs—including Tāmati Wāka Nene, Tītore and Bay of\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4697840\",\n \"text\": \"Philippine Declaration of Independence The Philippine Declaration of Independence (Filipino: \\\"Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas\\\") was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo (present-day Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. With the public reading of the \\\"Act of the Proclamation of Independence of the Filipino People\\\" (; ), Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began. In December 1897, the Spanish government and the revolutionaries signed a truce, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, requiring that the Spanish pay the revolutionaries 800,000\",\n \"title\": \"Philippine Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13975155\",\n \"text\": \"copy of the act was for the government and one for the board, the last one was later sent to the Chamber of Deputies. None of the former insurgents—such as Guadalupe Victoria, Vicente Guerrero or Nicolás Bravo—signed the Declaration of Independence; the reason is unknown but probably because they wanted a Republic not an Empire. The following is the list of the people who signed the Declaration of Independence, the names are written like in the acts. Juan O'Donoju did not sign but his name was written in the acts. Of the 38 members of the Provisional Governmental Board only\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11378464\",\n \"text\": \"Moldovan Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova () was a document adopted on 27 August 1991 by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova following the failure of the August coup attempt. The document claims \\\"millennial history\\\" and \\\"uninterrupted statehood\\\" within historic and ethnic borders and refers to the official language as \\\"Romanian.\\\" This founding act of the Republic of Moldova is celebrated as the National Day or Independence Day. The original document that was approved and signed by 278 parliamentary deputies in 1991 was burned during the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests,\",\n \"title\": \"Moldovan Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717327\",\n \"text\": \"delegation before the August 2 signing. Rogers had voted for the resolution of independence but was no longer a delegate on August 2. Alsop favored reconciliation with Great Britain and so resigned rather than add his name to the document. Dickinson refused to sign, believing the Declaration premature, but he remained in Congress. George Read had voted against the resolution of independence, and Robert Morris had abstained—yet they both signed the Declaration. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and\",\n \"title\": \"Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7477709\",\n \"text\": \"now a museum and monument: the House of Tucumán. The Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America was written in Spanish and then translated into Quechua and Aymara. The version in Aymara is attributed to Vicente Pazos Kanki (1779-1852). Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic. The\",\n \"title\": \"Argentine Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20933238\",\n \"text\": \"and the text of Independence Declaration (adopted in Tbilisi, 1918) engraved on the Declaration of Independence monument in both old Arabic and Latin alphabets on the upper part (made of granite). The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku) The Declaration of Independence monument was erected on the Istiglaliyyat Street in honor of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and was opened on May 25, 2007. The monument is located between the buildings of the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Academy of Sciences and the Azerbaijan State Economic University. The Declaration of Independence proclaimed by the National Council of Azerbaijan on May 28,\",\n \"title\": \"The Declaration of Independence monument (Baku)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095222\",\n \"text\": \"from Great Britain. As a result, both the seal and the flag of North Carolina bear the date of the declaration. A holiday commemorating the Mecklenburg Declaration, \\\"Meck Dec Day\\\", is celebrated on May 20 in North Carolina, although it is no longer an official holiday and does not attract the attention that it once did. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was published on April 30, 1819 in an article written by Dr. Joseph McKnitt Alexander in the \\\"Raleigh Register and North Carolina Gazette\\\", of Raleigh, North Carolina. \\\"It is not probably known to many of our readers,\\\" wrote the\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095225\",\n \"text\": \"approved by Congress. The North Carolina congressional delegation—Richard Caswell, William Hooper, and Joseph Hewes—told Jack that although they supported what had been done, it was premature to discuss a declaration of independence in Congress. Dr. Alexander concluded by writing that although the original documents relating to the Mecklenburg Declaration were destroyed in a fire in 1800, the article was written from a true copy of the papers left to him by his father, who was now deceased. The 1819 article about the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence was reprinted in many newspapers across the United States. People immediately noticed that, even\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13975153\",\n \"text\": \"Mazo, the first political chief of Mexico City, distributed a proclamation with the Declaration of Independence so all the people could read it, especially the courts, governors and military authorities, for them to publish it nationwide. On the afternoon of September 28, members of the Board met at the National Palace to draft the Declaration of Independence of the newly independent nation. The resulting two documents were drafted in its final form by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, Secretary of the Board. The acts were signed by 33 of the 38 members of the Board and Iturbide as President\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434461\",\n \"text\": \"Jefferson's hand. Jefferson's original draft is preserved at the Library of Congress, complete with changes made by John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, as well as Jefferson's notes of changes made by Congress. The best-known version of the Declaration is a signed copy that is displayed at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and which is popularly regarded as the official document. This engrossed copy was ordered by Congress on July 19 and signed primarily on August 2. The sources and interpretation of the Declaration have been the subject of much scholarly inquiry. The Declaration justified the independence of the United\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19142406\",\n \"text\": \"and 0 abstentions in the Parliament of Catalonia. On 9 June 2017, the Catalan government announced the date of the independence referendum. It was declared illegal on 6 September 2017 and suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain because it breached the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It was held on 1 October the same year, using a disputed voting process, resulting in a 90% majority of votes favouring independence with a turnout of 42.58%. Subsequently the European Commission agreed that the referendum was illegal. Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia After pro-independence parties won a\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"103161\",\n \"text\": \"independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis. Declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that \\\"International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence\\\", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095250\",\n \"text\": \"schools to teach that Mecklenburg County had adopted a Declaration of Independence on May 20, 1775—to teach what had been clearly demonstrated an untruth.\\\" In 1997 historian Pauline Maier wrote: When compared to other documents of the time, the \\\"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\\\" supposedly adopted on May 20, 1775, is simply incredible. It makes the reaction of North Carolinians to Lexington and Concord more extreme than that of the Massachusetts people who received the blow. The resolutions of May 31, 1775, of which there is contemporary evidence, were also radical, but remain believable. Despite much scholarly opinion against the authenticity\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12426591\",\n \"text\": \"to recognize Hungarian independence, saying Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Hungarian Declaration of Independence declared the independence of Hungary from the Habsburg Monarchy during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It was presented to the National Assembly in closed session on 13 April 1849 by Lajos Kossuth, and in open session the following day, despite political opposition from within the Hungarian Peace Party. The declaration was passed unanimously the following day. Kossuth issued the declaration himself, from the Protestant Great Church of Debrecen. The declaration accused the Habsburgs of crimes, saying In a banquet speech before the Corporation of New York,\",\n \"title\": \"Hungarian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18087599\",\n \"text\": \"adoption of the Declaration of Independence - the Republic day of Azerbaijan is celebrated as a state holiday since May 28, 1990. Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan) The Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan () is the declaration of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the Russian Empire. Azerbaijan was proclaimed independent in Tiflis on 28 May 1918. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Muslim representation in the defunct Transcaucasian Seim had constituted itself\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20381481\",\n \"text\": \"Spanish Constitution, which would authorise Madrid to temporarily take over Catalonia’s internal affairs. According to Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs Alfonso Dastis, the written declaration was legally void, as it was not voted and it was signed outside of a parliamentary session. On 27 October 2017, a resolution based on the \\\"Declaration of the representatives of Catalonia\\\" declaring the independence of Catalonia was voted in the Parliament and was approved with 70 votes in favor, 10 against, and 2 blank votes. Fifty-three MPs from the opposition refused to be present during the voting after the legal services of the Catalan\",\n \"title\": \"Catalan declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17580801\",\n \"text\": \"his occupation, and his home town. It was dedicated on July 2, 1984, exactly 208 years after the Congress voted to approve the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is accessible to the public by crossing a wooden bridge onto a small island set in the lake between Constitution Avenue and the Reflecting Pool, not far from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Fifty-six delegates to the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and are honored at this Memorial: President of Congress New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia\",\n \"title\": \"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"103160\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood is an assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that \\\"International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence\\\", though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1581623\",\n \"text\": \"Irish Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence (, ) was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21 January 1919. It followed from the Sinn Féin election manifesto of December 1918. Texts of the declaration were adopted in three languages: Irish, English and French. The Irish Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland. The declaration made no mention of the independence of the 32-county geographic island, just the independence of the \\\"Irish nation\\\" or \\\"Irish people\\\". It was rivalled by the\",\n \"title\": \"Irish Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2958551\",\n \"text\": \"Finnish Declaration of Independence The Finnish Declaration of Independence (; ; ) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, among nations ending its autonomy within Russia as its Grand Duchy of Finland, with reference to a simultaneously delivered bill to the Diet to make Finland an independent republic instead. Declaring the independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as the Independence Day in Finland. After the February Revolution and the abdication of Grand Duke Nicholas II on 2 March\",\n \"title\": \"Finnish Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15176181\",\n \"text\": \"Liberian Declaration of Independence The Liberian Declaration of Independence is a document adopted by the Liberian Constitutional Convention on July 16, 1847 to announce that the Commonwealth of Liberia, a colony founded and controlled by the private American Colonization Society, was now an independent state known as the Republic of Liberia. The Declaration was written by Hilary Teague and adopted simultaneously with the first Constitution of Liberia. The anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration and accompanying Constitution is celebrated as Independence Day in Liberia. The Declaration articulates the history of the Americo-Liberians that settled the Commonwealth and sets out\",\n \"title\": \"Liberian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12426590\",\n \"text\": \"Hungarian Declaration of Independence The Hungarian Declaration of Independence declared the independence of Hungary from the Habsburg Monarchy during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It was presented to the National Assembly in closed session on 13 April 1849 by Lajos Kossuth, and in open session the following day, despite political opposition from within the Hungarian Peace Party. The declaration was passed unanimously the following day. Kossuth issued the declaration himself, from the Protestant Great Church of Debrecen. The declaration accused the Habsburgs of crimes, saying In a banquet speech before the Corporation of New York, Kossuth urged the United States\",\n \"title\": \"Hungarian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10976608\",\n \"text\": \"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America The Solemn Act of Northern America's Declaration of Independence () is the first Mexican legal historical document which established the separation of Mexico from Spanish rule. It was signed on November 6, 1813, by the deputies of the Congress of Anáhuac, organized by General José María Morelos in the city of Oaxaca in June of that same year, and later installed in the city of Chilpancingo on September 13. The document gathers some of the main political uprisings contained in \\\"Feelings of the Nation\\\" (\\\"Sentimientos de la Nación\\\"), a document\",\n \"title\": \"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13669374\",\n \"text\": \"nation his \\\"Predilect Daughter\\\", and was called the \\\"Favorite Son\\\" of the new country by its people. On 18 May 1826 in Lima, Bolívar signed on behalf of Peru a degree recognizing the independence of Bolivia. In 2008, modern-day historians commented on the declaration of independence, bringing forth certain contradictions and controversies. The say that it was Colonel Carlos de Medinacelli who was the first liberator of Bolivia and that to this day he is a forgotten hero. After the Battle of Tumusla on 1 April 1825— a day of patriotism that should be celebrated as a historical day instead\",\n \"title\": \"Bolivian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095234\",\n \"text\": \"the credit for leading the American Revolution. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence clearly enhanced North Carolina's role—already notable because of the Halifax Resolves of April 1776—in establishing American independence. The first celebration of the anniversary of the supposed adoption of the Mecklenburg Declaration took place in Charlotte on May 20, 1825. Many North Carolinians were offended when Thomas Jefferson's skeptical letter about the Mecklenburg Declaration was posthumously published in 1829. In questioning the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration, Jefferson, a Virginian, had impolitically referred to William Hooper, one of North Carolina's signers of the American Declaration of Independence, as a\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2958558\",\n \"text\": \"Union (1940-1941, 1944-1991). See Occupation of the Baltic states. Finnish Declaration of Independence The Finnish Declaration of Independence (; ; ) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, among nations ending its autonomy within Russia as its Grand Duchy of Finland, with reference to a simultaneously delivered bill to the Diet to make Finland an independent republic instead. Declaring the independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as the Independence Day in Finland. After the February Revolution and the\",\n \"title\": \"Finnish Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12570278\",\n \"text\": \"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence In Respect of Kosovo was a request for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the court. The court delivered its advisory opinion on 2010; by a\",\n \"title\": \"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095221\",\n \"text\": \"1838. Historians believe that the Mecklenburg Declaration was written in 1800 in an attempt to recreate the Mecklenburg Resolves from memory. According to this theory, the author of the Mecklenburg Declaration mistakenly believed that the Resolves had been a declaration of independence, and so he recreated the Resolves with language borrowed from the United States Declaration of Independence. Defenders of the Mecklenburg Declaration have argued that both the Mecklenburg Declaration and the Mecklenburg Resolves are authentic. The early government of North Carolina, convinced that the Mecklenburg Declaration was genuine, maintained that North Carolinians were the first Americans to declare independence\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8474370\",\n \"text\": \"on view at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut. Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) Declaration of Independence is a oil-on-canvas painting by American John Trumbull depicting the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. It was based on a much smaller version of the same scene, presently held by the Yale University Art Gallery. Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life, and visited Independence Hall to depict the chamber where the Second Continental Congress met. The oil-on-canvas work was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the United\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16489722\",\n \"text\": \"recognised and that \\\"the question could be the reverse: why are there more than 100 countries that have not recognized Kosovo and why do those 60 not see what the other 100 see?\\\". In March 2012, during a fierce debate between Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy and Catalan MP and Convergence and Union spokesman Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida, Rajoy stated that he is opposed to the recognition of Kosovo as this is what suits the interests of Spain. Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February\",\n \"title\": \"Spain's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8474363\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull) Declaration of Independence is a oil-on-canvas painting by American John Trumbull depicting the presentation of the draft of the Declaration of Independence to Congress. It was based on a much smaller version of the same scene, presently held by the Yale University Art Gallery. Trumbull painted many of the figures in the picture from life, and visited Independence Hall to depict the chamber where the Second Continental Congress met. The oil-on-canvas work was commissioned in 1817, purchased in 1819, and placed in the United States Capitol rotunda in 1826. The painting is sometimes incorrectly described as\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14292622\",\n \"text\": \"Czechoslovak declaration of independence The Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence or the Washington Declaration (; ) was drafted in Washington, D.C. and published by Czechoslovakia's Paris-based Provisional Government on 18 October 1918. The creation of the document, officially the Declaration of Independence of the Czechoslovak Nation by Its Provisional Government (), was prompted by the imminent collapse of the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire, of which the Czech and Slovak lands had been part for almost 400 years, following the First World War. In the autumn of 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy was collapsing. As one of his Fourteen Points, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson\",\n \"title\": \"Czechoslovak declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5224381\",\n \"text\": \"Indonesia's independence, scheduled for 24 August. While the formal preparation of the declaration, and the official independence itself for that matter, had been carefully planned a few months earlier, the actual declaration date was brought forward almost inadvertently as a consequence of the Japanese unconditional surrender to the Allies on 15 August following the Nagasaki atomic bombing. The historic event was triggered by a plot, led by a few more radical youth activists such as Adam Malik and Chairul Saleh, that put pressure on Sukarno and Hatta to proclaim independence immediately. The declaration was to be signed by the 27\",\n \"title\": \"Proclamation of Indonesian Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11578246\",\n \"text\": \"minority ethnic communities. The original papyrus version of the declaration signed that day is in the Albanian language. The Albanian text of the declaration is the sole authentic text. On 18 February 2008 the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia declared Kosovo's declaration of independence as null and void per the suggestion of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, after the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Serbia deemed the act illegal arguing it was not in coordination with the UN Charter, the Constitution of Serbia, the Helsinki Final Act, UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (including the previous\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434514\",\n \"text\": \"in 1941, the documents were moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox in Kentucky, where they were kept until 1944. In 1952, the engrossed Declaration was transferred to the National Archives and is now on permanent display at the National Archives in the \\\"Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom\\\". The document signed by Congress and enshrined in the National Archives is usually regarded as \\\"the\\\" Declaration of Independence, but historian Julian P. Boyd argued that the Declaration, like Magna Carta, is not a single document. Boyd considered the printed broadsides ordered by Congress to be\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12625547\",\n \"text\": \"to be signed by O'Higgins, and later by his former ministers, Miguel Zañartu, Hipólito Villegas and José Ignacio Zenteno, who were still living in Chile. This copy was kept at the Palacio de La Moneda until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, when it was destroyed during the fighting. By 1817, the Chilean War of Independence had entered its final phase, and there was little doubt that its final goal, national independence, would be realized. Even though Chile had been operating independently from Spain for several years, no formal declaration of independence had yet been produced. One of the first official\",\n \"title\": \"Chilean Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12570309\",\n \"text\": \"opposition to the verdict, while Abkhazia and South Ossetia hailed it. International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence In Respect of Kosovo was a request for an advisory opinion referred to the International Court of Justice by the United Nations General Assembly regarding the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence. The territory of Kosovo is the subject of a dispute between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo established by the declaration. This was the first case regarding a unilateral declaration of independence to be brought before the\",\n \"title\": \"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7477704\",\n \"text\": \"Argentine Declaration of Independence What today is commonly referred as the Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán. In reality, the congressmen who were assembled in Tucumán declared the independence of the United Provinces of South America, which is still today one of the legal names of the Argentine Republic. The Federal League Provinces, at war with the United Provinces, were not allowed into the Congress. At the same time, several provinces from the Upper Peru that would later become part of present-day Bolivia, were represented at the Congress. The 1810 May Revolution\",\n \"title\": \"Argentine Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16684762\",\n \"text\": \"Unilateral declaration of independence A unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) is a formal process leading to the establishment of a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding. The term was first used when Rhodesia declared independence in 1965 from the United Kingdom (UK) without an agreement with the UK. Prominent examples of a unilateral declaration of independence other than Rhodesia's UDI in 1965 include that of the United States in 1776, the Irish Declaration of Independence of 1919 by a revolutionary parliament,\",\n \"title\": \"Unilateral declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14400384\",\n \"text\": \"only surviving copy in the British National Archives. Haitian Declaration of Independence The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1804 in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of 13-year long Haitian Revolution. The declaration marked Haiti's becoming the first independent nation of Latin America and only the second in the Americas after the United States. Notably, the Haitian Declaration of Independence signalled the culmination of the only successful slave revolution in history. Only two copies of the original printed version exist. Both of these were discovered by Julia Gaffield, a Duke University\",\n \"title\": \"Haitian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14400370\",\n \"text\": \"Haitian Declaration of Independence The Haitian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1804 in the port city of Gonaïves by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, marking the end of 13-year long Haitian Revolution. The declaration marked Haiti's becoming the first independent nation of Latin America and only the second in the Americas after the United States. Notably, the Haitian Declaration of Independence signalled the culmination of the only successful slave revolution in history. Only two copies of the original printed version exist. Both of these were discovered by Julia Gaffield, a Duke University postgraduate student, in The National Archives (UK) in\",\n \"title\": \"Haitian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10451437\",\n \"text\": \"Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day. The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee elected by the elders of the Estonian Provincial Assembly. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was delayed until the evening of 23 February, when the manifesto was printed and read out aloud publicly in Pärnu. On the next day, 24 February, the manifesto\",\n \"title\": \"Estonian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18087593\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan) The Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan () is the declaration of independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from the Russian Empire. Azerbaijan was proclaimed independent in Tiflis on 28 May 1918. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was founded by the Azerbaijani National Council in Tiflis on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Muslim representation in the defunct Transcaucasian Seim had constituted itself into the Azerbaijani National Council, and on May 28, 1918 proclaimed that a new nation was born. So far only a geographical\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2440957\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada The Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada () was written in French by the patriot rebel Robert Nelson on February 22, 1838, while in exile in the United States, after the first rebellion of 1837. The 1838 declaration was primarily inspired by the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, but it also included some other political ideas that were popular in the 19th century. The movement for the independence of Lower Canada (today Quebec) ultimately failed, as it did not result\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11578227\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 17 February 2008 by the Assembly of Kosovo. In a meeting attended by 109 of the total 120 members, the assembly unanimously declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia, while all 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's Albanian-majority political institutions; the first was proclaimed on 7 September 1990. The legality of the declaration has been disputed. Serbia sought international validation and support for its stance that the declaration was illegal, and in October 2008\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Kosovo declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17912419\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea was a joint resolution adopted on March 11, 2014 by the Russian-proclaimed Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council where they expressed their intention to join Russia, in the event of a \\\"Yes\\\" vote in a referendum that was to be held on March 16. The participants were at the time subnational divisions of Ukraine. The international community widely condemned the Declaration of Independence. A major source of criticism was that the referendum's adoption came after the building of the Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10451447\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Long live the independent democratic Republic of Estonia!\\\" \\\"Long live peace among nations!\\\" \\\"The Council of Elders of the Estonian National Council\\\" <br> \\\"Tallinn, 21 February 1918\\\" Estonian Declaration of Independence The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day. The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee elected by the elders of the Estonian Provincial Assembly. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was\",\n \"title\": \"Estonian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4697842\",\n \"text\": \"between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo some south of Manila. The event saw the unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the performance of the \\\"Marcha Filipina Magdalo\\\", as the national anthem, now known as \\\"Lupang Hinirang\\\", which was composed by Julián Felipe and played by the \\\"San Francisco de Malabon\\\" marching band. The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish. The Declaration was signed by\",\n \"title\": \"Philippine Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12100919\",\n \"text\": \"Albanian Declaration of Independence The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: \\\"Shpallja e Pavarësisë\\\", or \\\"Deklarata e Pavarësisë\\\") is the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders, Pleqësia. The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries, that the Ottoman Empire was weak. The Kingdom of Serbia opposed the plan for an Albanian Vilayet, preferring a partition of\",\n \"title\": \"Albanian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12625558\",\n \"text\": \"Santiago lasted until 16 February. The declaration itself was widely distributed to the populace. Another document, which covered the motives behind the revolution and declaration of independence, written by Bernardo Vera, was also distributed to the public to a lesser extent. In Talca, on 12 February, O'Higgins presided over the swearing-in of the Independent Southern Army, and the subsequent ceremony with ceremonial gunfire, a Mass, Te Deum and public festivities. During these few days, the declaration of independence was made in many other cities and towns of Chile, with as many festivities as could be had. In La Serena, independence\",\n \"title\": \"Chilean Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12570280\",\n \"text\": \"while many countries which do not recognise Kosovo said they would not be doing so as the ruling could set a precedent of endorsing secession in other places. The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 2008 in a meeting of the Assembly of Kosovo. It was the second declaration of independence by Kosovo's ethnic-Albanian political institutions, the first having been proclaimed on 1990. Serbia decided to seek international validation and support for its stance that the declaration of independence was illegal at the International Court of Justice. Whether the declaration was in fact an official act of the\",\n \"title\": \"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12100934\",\n \"text\": \"the reverses of the Albanian 200 lekë banknote of 1992–1996, and of the 500 lekë banknote issued since 1996. Albanian Declaration of Independence The Albanian Declaration of Independence (Albanian: \\\"Shpallja e Pavarësisë\\\", or \\\"Deklarata e Pavarësisë\\\") is the declaration of independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire. Independent Albania was proclaimed in Vlorë on 28 November 1912. Six days later the Assembly of Vlorë formed the first Government of Albania which was led by Ismail Qemali and the Council of Elders, Pleqësia. The success of the Albanian Revolt of 1912 sent a strong signal to the neighboring countries, that the\",\n \"title\": \"Albanian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11378465\",\n \"text\": \"but an identical document was restored in 2010. The Moldovan Declaration of Independence clearly and directly claims Moldovan sovereignty over the territory of Transnistria as \\\"a component part of the historical and ethnic territory of our people\\\". Moldovan Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova () was a document adopted on 27 August 1991 by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova following the failure of the August coup attempt. The document claims \\\"millennial history\\\" and \\\"uninterrupted statehood\\\" within historic and ethnic borders and refers to the official language as \\\"Romanian.\\\" This founding act of\",\n \"title\": \"Moldovan Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095236\",\n \"text\": \"the Aspersions of Mr. Jefferson.\\\" Jones defended the patriotism of William Hooper and accused Jefferson of being envious that a little county in North Carolina had declared independence at a time when the \\\"Sage of Monticello\\\" was still hoping for reconciliation with Great Britain. On May 20, 1835, more than five thousand people gathered in Charlotte to celebrate the Mecklenburg Declaration. In the many toasts celebrating \\\"the \\\"first\\\" declaration of American independence\\\", Jefferson was never mentioned. In 1837, Jefferson's first biographer, George Tucker, came to Jefferson's defense. In \\\"The Life of Thomas Jefferson\\\", Tucker argued that Jefferson's Declaration of Independence\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2095251\",\n \"text\": \"of the Mecklenburg Declaration, belief in the document remains important to some North Carolinians, says historian Dan L. Morrill, who notes that the possibility that it is genuine cannot be entirely discounted. Morrill writes, \\\"Let's make one thing clear. One cannot demonstrate conclusively that the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence is a fake. The dramatic events of May nineteenth and May twentieth could have happened. Ultimately, it is a matter of faith, not proof. You believe it or you don't believe it.\\\" Recently, North Carolina released a new license plate, with the words \\\"First in Freedom\\\" and the date of the\",\n \"title\": \"Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10976610\",\n \"text\": \"same events. The resulting state would be a successor to the Viceroyalty of New Spain and it would preserve all of its territory in North America (\\\"América Septentrional\\\"). The Solemn Act defined penalties for those people who contravene the insurgent war or for those who refused to give their financial support. The Act also recognized the Roman Catholic religion as the sole, official religion of the nation. It was signed by: Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America The Solemn Act of Northern America's Declaration of Independence () is the first Mexican legal historical document which established\",\n \"title\": \"Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434523\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of Independence in 1818, Costa Rica in 1821, El Salvador in 1821, Guatemala in 1821, Honduras in (1821), Mexico in 1821, Nicaragua in 1821, Peru in 1821, Bolivian War of Independence in 1825, Uruguay in 1825, Ecuador in 1830, Colombia in 1831, Paraguay in 1842, Dominican Republic in 1844, Texas Declaration of Independence in March 1836, California Republic in November 1836, Hungarian Declaration of Independence in 1849, Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand in 1835, and the Czechoslovak declaration of independence from 1918 drafted in Washington D.C. with Gutzon Borglum among the drafters. The Rhodesian declaration of independence,\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9233196\",\n \"text\": \"celebrated in Ukraine as Independence Day. Poland and Canada were the first countries to recognize Ukraine's independence, both on 2 December 1991. The same day the President of the Russian SFSR Boris Yeltsin did the same. The United States did so on 25 December 1991. That month the independence of Ukraine was recognized by 68 states, and in 1992 it was recognized by another 64 states. Declaration of Independence of Ukraine The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine (, translit. \\\"Akt proholoshennya nezalezhnosti Ukrayiny\\\") was adopted by the Ukrainian parliament on 24 August 1991. The Act established Ukraine as\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of Ukraine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18087597\",\n \"text\": \"Hasan bey Aghayev. Dr. Hasan bey Aghayev informed the participants about the collapse of the Transcaucasian Sejm, as well as prevailing in the region internal and external situation. Aghayev put the consideration of the free and independent Azerbaijan. After a long and thorough discussion, the Secretary Mustafa Mahmudov read the names of voters; 24 votes, with 2 abstentions, adopted a Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan. The Declaration was signed by Hasan bey Aghayev, Fatali Khan Khoyski, Nasib Yusifbeyli, Jamo bey Hajinski, Shafi bey Rustambeyli, Nariman bey Narimanbeyov, Javad Malik-Yeganov and Mustafa Mahmudov. Only Jafar Ahundov and one of the leaders\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence (Azerbaijan)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12625546\",\n \"text\": \"Chilean Declaration of Independence The Chilean Declaration of Independence is a document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire. It was drafted in January 1818 and approved by Supreme Director Bernardo O'Higgins on 12 February 1818 at Talca, despite being dated in Concepción on 1 January 1818. The ceremony of independence was performed on 12 February 1818, the first anniversary of the Battle of Chacabuco. The original document, displaying manuscript comments by O'Higgins, was damaged at the Palace of the Real Audiencia of Santiago. In 1832, under President José Joaquín Prieto, a new copy was sent to Peru\",\n \"title\": \"Chilean Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12570302\",\n \"text\": \"this court that would turn back time ... [and] undermine the progress and stability that Kosovo's declaration has brought to the region.\\\" On 22 July 2010, the court ruled that the declaration of independence was not in violation of international law. The President of the ICJ Justice Hisashi Owada said that international law contains no \\\"prohibition on declarations of independence.\\\" The court also said while the declaration may not have been illegal, the issue of recognition was a political one. The question put to the Court concerned the legality of a declaration of independence made by the Provisional Institutions of\",\n \"title\": \"International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434521\",\n \"text\": \"declaration also influenced the Russian Empire. The document had a particular impact on the Decembrist revolt and other Russian thinkers. According to historian David Armitage, the Declaration of Independence did prove to be internationally influential, but not as a statement of human rights. Armitage argued that the Declaration was the first in a new genre of declarations of independence that announced the creation of new states. Other French leaders were directly influenced by the text of the Declaration of Independence itself. The \\\"Manifesto of the Province of Flanders\\\" (1790) was the first foreign derivation of the Declaration; others include the\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2958555\",\n \"text\": \"was however no longer deemed suitable. Leading circles had long held monarchism and hereditary nobility to be antiquated, and advocated a republican constitution for Finland. The Senate of Finland, the government that the Parliament had appointed in November, drafted a Declaration of Independence and a proposal for a new republican Instrument of Government. Chairman of the Senate ( Prime minister) Pehr Evind Svinhufvud read the Declaration to the Parliament on 4 December. The Declaration of Independence was technically given the form of a preamble of the proposition, and was intended to be agreed by the Parliament, which adopted the Declaration\",\n \"title\": \"Finnish Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14400374\",\n \"text\": \"to be known as the l’État d’Haïti (The State of Haiti), rather than the Haitian Republic. Following independence, Dessalines accorded all power to himself as the \\\"head of state\\\", which was made possible by the support of the 17 senior officials that signed the third section of the declaration. The central issue for the Haitian revolution was independence, specifically freedom from their enslavement under France. In its social and political complexity, the Haitian Revolution resembled the simultaneous revolution in France, since the demand of the revolutionaries was secession from the ruling-class of France. Moreover, unlike mainland colonies, Haiti was an\",\n \"title\": \"Haitian Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"434522\",\n \"text\": \"Venezuelan Declaration of Independence (1811), the Liberian Declaration of Independence (1847), the declarations of secession by the Confederate States of America (1860–61), and the Vietnamese Proclamation of Independence (1945). These declarations echoed the United States Declaration of Independence in announcing the independence of a new state, without necessarily endorsing the political philosophy of the original. Other countries have used the Declaration as inspiration or have directly copied sections from it. These include the Haitian declaration of January 1, 1804, during the Haitian Revolution, the United Provinces of New Granada in 1811, the Argentine Declaration of Independence in 1816, the Chilean\",\n \"title\": \"United States Declaration of Independence\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2440959\",\n \"text\": \"good, and secure to us and our posterity the advantages of civil and religious liberty,\\\" \\\"SOLEMNLY DECLARE:—\\\" Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada The Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada () was written in French by the patriot rebel Robert Nelson on February 22, 1838, while in exile in the United States, after the first rebellion of 1837. The 1838 declaration was primarily inspired by the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, but it also included some other political ideas that were popular in the 19th century.\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19142405\",\n \"text\": \"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia After pro-independence parties won a majority of seats in the Catalan election on 27 September 2015, the Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia () was issued on 9 November 2015. The declaration declares the start of the process to create an independent Catalan state in the form of a republic and proclaims the start of a participative, open, integrating and active citizens' constituent process to lay the foundation for the future Catalan Constitution. The declaration was passed with 72 votes in favor, 63 against\",\n \"title\": \"Declaration of the Initiation of the Process of Independence of Catalonia\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17580800\",\n \"text\": \"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence The Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence is a memorial depicting the signatures of the original 56 signatories to the United States Declaration of Independence. It is located in the Constitution Gardens on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Public Law 95-260 was passed by Congress in 1978 to create a memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The memorial is a gift from the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration and consists of 56 stone blocks, each with a facsimile of the signer's actual signature,\",\n \"title\": \"Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":289,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"290"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the name of the five pointed star commonly used by Satanists?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7845004","text":"Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely used in flags. It has also become a symbol of fame or \"stardom\" in Western culture, among other uses. If the collinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced. Sopdet, the Egyptian personification of the star Sirius, is always shown with the five-pointed star hieroglyph on her head. The star (or \"mullet\") is comparatively","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845014","text":"esoteric or occult associations given to the pentagram, or \"Seal of Solomon\", since at least the Renaissance period. Nevertheless, the two emblems are frequently associated, or identified, in contemporary conspiracy theories, especially referencing the use of five-pointed stars in the Flag of the United States and the Flag of the European Union. Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely used in flags.","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"3595775","text":"enabling Harry to resolve both in the course of a single cataclysmic night. A young woman is murdered in her Oslo flat. One finger has been severed from her left hand, and behind her eyelid is secreted a tiny diamond in the shape of a five-pointed star – a pentagram, the devil's star. Detective Harry Hole is assigned to the case with his long-time adversary Tom Waaler and initially wants no part in it. But Harry is already on notice to quit the force and is left with little alternative but to drag himself out of his alcoholic stupor and","title":"The Devil's Star"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845004\",\n \"text\": \"Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely used in flags. It has also become a symbol of fame or \\\"stardom\\\" in Western culture, among other uses. If the collinear edges are joined together a pentagram is produced. Sopdet, the Egyptian personification of the star Sirius, is always shown with the five-pointed star hieroglyph on her head. The star (or \\\"mullet\\\") is comparatively\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845014\",\n \"text\": \"esoteric or occult associations given to the pentagram, or \\\"Seal of Solomon\\\", since at least the Renaissance period. Nevertheless, the two emblems are frequently associated, or identified, in contemporary conspiracy theories, especially referencing the use of five-pointed stars in the Flag of the United States and the Flag of the European Union. Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely used in flags.\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3595775\",\n \"text\": \"enabling Harry to resolve both in the course of a single cataclysmic night. A young woman is murdered in her Oslo flat. One finger has been severed from her left hand, and behind her eyelid is secreted a tiny diamond in the shape of a five-pointed star – a pentagram, the devil's star. Detective Harry Hole is assigned to the case with his long-time adversary Tom Waaler and initially wants no part in it. But Harry is already on notice to quit the force and is left with little alternative but to drag himself out of his alcoholic stupor and\",\n \"title\": \"The Devil's Star\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"7845009","text":"five-pointed star also came to be widely used in military badges in the 19th century. A red star was used as the badge of XII Corps of the Union Army in the American Civil War, while VII Corps used a five-pointed star in a crescent. In 1916, a five-pointed red star was used by the U.S. Army Signal Corps' aviation section. The American tradition of barnstars, decorative five-pointed stars attached to buildings, appears to have arisen in Pennsylvania after the Civil War, and became widespread by the 1930s. The Swiss 1 and 2 francs coins introduced in 1874/5 showed the","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845008","text":"a single five-pointed star known as \"La Estrella Solitaria\" (The Lone Star). The similar flag of Texas was introduced in 1839. The star and crescent used by the Ottoman Empire was shown with an eight-pointed stars in early forms (18th century), but was changed to a five-pointed star in the official flag in 1844. Numerous other national or regional flags adopted five-pointed star designs in the later 19th to early 20th century, including Venezuela (1859), Honduras (1866), Philippines (1898), Cuba (1902), Panama (1925) and Jordan (1928). The Flag of Minnesota and 1901 Maine Flag both utilized the 5-pointed design. The","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845013","text":"adopt such a star was Juventus, in 1958, to represent their tenth Italian Football Championship and Serie A title. The star was later formally adopted by some organisations as a symbol for ten titles, and the ratio of one star for ten titles has become the most common arrangement. Five-pointed stars may be used on elevators to indicate the ground level or lobby of a building. They are also used on various police, fire, and paramedic badges. As a symbol or emblem, the five-pointed star, or \"mullet of five points\", arises from classical heraldry, and it shares none of the","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845010","text":"figure of Helvetia surrounded by 22 stars, enumerating the Swiss cantons (in 1983 changed to 23 stars to reflect the creation of the canton of Jura). The green five-pointed star used as a symbol of Esperanto was first proposed in 1890. The five-pointed Red Star as a symbol of communism was adopted during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Its origin is unknown. The red star is featured on the state emblem of the Soviet Union (1923) and North Korea (1948). Another variant is a yellow (golden) star on red background, as on the state emblem of Vietnam (1945) and","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845007","text":"features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle (as opposed to up), the so-called Betsy Ross flag. The American flag shown in the painting \"Surrender of Lord Cornwallis\" by John Trumbull (c. 1820, depicting an event of 1781) shows twelve stars arranged along the outline of a rectangle with an additional star in the center. Five-pointed stars became more frequently used in the 19th century. The coat of arms of Valais, adopted for the Rhodanic Republic (1802), was designed with twelve five-pointed stars. The flag of Chile, introduced in 1817, has","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845012","text":"adopted by the European Communities in 1985 (and thus inherited as the flag of the European Union upon its creation in 1993) has a circle of twelve yellow (gold) stars on a blue (azure) field. The use of \"star\" for theatrical lead performers dates to 1824, giving rise to the concept of \"stardom\" in the film industry. The Hollywood Walk of Fame, where famous entertainers are honored with pink terrazzo five-pointed stars along Hollywood Boulevard, was introduced in 1958. In association football, there is a tradition of using five-pointed stars in team badges to represent victories. The first team to","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845005","text":"rare in medieval heraldry, but from an early time, the five-pointed star was preferred in English and Scottish heraldry (e.g. in the Dering Roll, c. 1270), while the preferred number of points in German heraldry was six. The star in the coat of arms of the De Vere family was in legend attributed to the First Crusade, when \"a white star [...] did light and arrest upon the standard of Aubre de Vere\". The de Vere star is notorious in English history, because in the Battle of Barnet in 1471, the white star of the Earl of Oxford was mistaken","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845011","text":"the People's Republic of China (1949), as well as on the flags of most Communist countries. In the 1930s, red luminescent Kremlin stars were installed on five towers of the Moscow Kremlin, replacing gilded eagles that had symbolized Imperial Russia. Since then, it is customary to install similarly looking red stars atop New Year trees in the Soviet Union, a tradition that continues to this day in Russia. In the Emblem of Italy, adopted in 1947, the five-pointed star represents the \"Star of Italy\". The \"Flag of Europe\", designed in 1955 on behalf of the Council of Europe (CoE) and","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7845006","text":"for the white rose of Edward IV by the Earl of Warwick, so that he erroneously attacked his own ally, losing the battle, which probably changed the outcome of the entire War of the Roses. The five-pointed stars on the Flag of the United States were introduced in the Flag Act of 1777. The Flag Act did not specify any particular arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars and the arrangement. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows and some replaced a state's star with its initial. One arrangement","title":"Five-pointed star"},{"docid":"7919292","text":"takes a Mediterranean holiday, but when he returns he finds she's converted his domain into a Nail Bar. The humour is light-hearted and mostly inoffensive, although slight criticism has actually been received by both Christians and Satanists. Suburban Satanists The Suburban Satanists is a comic strip that appears in Herman Hedning, a comic published eight times a year in Sweden and Norway. The strip began in 1997 in the comic \"Geek\" before restarting in 1999 in its current home. It is created, written and drawn by British cartoonist Lew Stringer. The Suburban Satanists are the DeVille family (the name is","title":"Suburban Satanists"},{"docid":"7919290","text":"Suburban Satanists The Suburban Satanists is a comic strip that appears in Herman Hedning, a comic published eight times a year in Sweden and Norway. The strip began in 1997 in the comic \"Geek\" before restarting in 1999 in its current home. It is created, written and drawn by British cartoonist Lew Stringer. The Suburban Satanists are the DeVille family (the name is a spoof of the Devil), led by the father Stan DeVille, his wife Mavis, and including their grown up children Derek and Sharon. This mini-cult is rounded off with the inclusion of Sharon's son Damien (product of","title":"Suburban Satanists"},{"docid":"3216339","text":"The Five Star Stories The story is staged at an alien cluster of four major planetary systems. Amaterasu, the immortal emperor of the Grees Kingdom on the planet Delta Belune, is destined to rule the whole Joker System. He and Lachesis, his bride and \"fatima\", an artificial life-form, are the main characters of this epic story. An anime film adaptation of the first volume, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki, was released in 1989. \"The Five Star Stories\" takes its name from the Joker Star Cluster where the stories take place. The star cluster is made up of four stars: Eastern, Western,","title":"The Five Star Stories"},{"docid":"6013254","text":"Star of the Commander of Valour The Star of the Commander of Valour () is a medal given by the government of Malaysia. The name translates to \"General of Bravery and Valor\". It can be conferred posthumously. The award was created on 29 July 1960. It was formally gazetted by an act of parliament on 11 August 1960. The medal takes the form of a five pointed silver star. Two kris lie under the Malaysian royal Crown on the star. The star is held by a ribbon with 45° stripes which slant right. The stripes alternative in red, white, blue","title":"Star of the Commander of Valour"},{"docid":"10857964","text":"colony, it is still considered to be a Belgian Order by tradition. The Order of the African Star is theoretically awarded by royal decree with approval by the Council of Ministers. Following the independence of Congo in 1960, the Order of the African Star is no longer awarded, although it officially still exists; it can thus be declared a \"dormant\" order. The Order of the African Star is administered by the FPS Foreign Affairs and has five classes and three medals: The \"Badge\" of the order is a white enamelled five-pointed star with blue borders, surrounded by a crown of","title":"Order of the African Star"},{"docid":"10586613","text":"were produced by Ed Roland of Collective Soul. Alan eventually met up with Dennis Matkosky and Dexter Green. Dexter wasn't producing anyone at the time, but he wanted to produce what became Five Star Iris. Both Alan and Dexter had the same idea of wanting to come up with a sound rather than just a record. Once the band started recording their new music, they decided they needed a new name as well. The band decided on Highwire but soon discovered a band in Buffalo, NY had been using the name for some time. They eventually decided on Five Star","title":"Five Star Iris"},{"docid":"5754454","text":"unusual find was a distinctively pointed hat: Pointed hats were also worn in ancient times by Saka (Scythians), and are shown on Hindu temples (as helmets and metal crowns) and in Hittite reliefs. As described by Herodotus, the name of the Scythian tribe of the \"tigrakhauda\" (Orthocorybantians) is a bahuvrihi compound literally translating to \"people with pointed hats\". Besides the Scythians, the Cabeiri as well as Odysseus are traditionally pictured wearing a Pilos, or woolen conical hat. The 13th-century Cumans commonly wore scythian style pointed hats, and are reported to have fought wearing them. Originating from the Japanese Heian period,","title":"Pointed hat"},{"docid":"3216340","text":"Southern and Northern. The \"fifth star\" is a large comet named Stant that passes through that sector of space every 1,500 years pulling with it its own collection of orbiting planets. In the distant past the Farus Di Kanon Empire, now commonly known as the \"Super Empire\", controlled all 4 solar systems of the Joker Cluster. They enjoyed a level of technology much higher than is currently known and sent explorers to the far reaches of the Joker Cluster. Around the year 9000 AD (Ammon Duul) the empire collapsed due to internal strife. The explorers were called home and what","title":"The Five Star Stories"},{"docid":"14196064","text":"Black Star of Africa The Black Star of Africa is a black five-pointed star (★) symbolizing Africa in general and Ghana in particular. The Black Star Line, founded in 1919 by Marcus Garvey as part of the Back-to-Africa movement, modelled its name on that of the White Star Line, changing the colour from white to black to symbolise ownership by black people rather than white people. The black star became a symbol of Pan-Africanism and anti-colonialism. Described as the \"Lodestar of African Freedom\", the black star was used in 1957 by Theodosia Okoh in the design of the Flag of","title":"Black Star of Africa"},{"docid":"7520212","text":"dies in Jamie's arms, and Richard exits from the crumbling fortress of the Old Ones, with Matt's body. But the Past Matt and Scott from the past, Flint, arrive. Once again the downfall of the Old Ones is due to the fact that the Five are replaced by their predecessors 10,000 years ago when they die. The Five Gatekeepers defeat Chaos by impaling him with their swords, forming a five pointed star. After the battle, they all have a celebratory meal. Matt gives the other Gatekeepers a chance to stay and rebuild Earth or come with him to the Dreamworld.","title":"The Power of Five"},{"docid":"15599398","text":"the Flag and Coat of arms of Suriname on white enamel, surrounded by a black enamel and gold edged ring displaying the motto in yellow (also from the Surinamese Coat of arms): JUSTITIA - PIETAS - FIDES (\"Justice - Piety - Fidelity\"). The \"Star\" of the Order is an eight-pointed gold gilt star with straight rays. The central disc is the same as that of the badge. The \"Medal\" is round, with a gold and silver version. It shows the five-pointed star and a surrounding circlet with the motto of the order. The \"Ribbon\" of the order is red with","title":"Honorary Order of the Yellow Star"},{"docid":"16913316","text":"Order of the Star of Africa The Order of the Star of Africa is an order presented by the government of Liberia. The Order of the Star of Africa is presented in five grades, Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross. Liberian and foreign citizens may be invested with the order for distinguished service to the Republic of Liberia or to Africa in public service or in the arts and sciences. The badge and star of the Order of the Star of Africa is a nine-pointed white enamel and silver gilded star. Between the arms of the star are","title":"Order of the Star of Africa"},{"docid":"16913318","text":"W. Wallace Order of the Star of Africa The Order of the Star of Africa is an order presented by the government of Liberia. The Order of the Star of Africa is presented in five grades, Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross. Liberian and foreign citizens may be invested with the order for distinguished service to the Republic of Liberia or to Africa in public service or in the arts and sciences. The badge and star of the Order of the Star of Africa is a nine-pointed white enamel and silver gilded star. Between the arms of the","title":"Order of the Star of Africa"},{"docid":"6392079","text":"into a tumor such as a breast tumor, and the tumor is irradiated by gamma ray photons from the wire. At the end of the treatment the wire is removed. A rare but notable gamma source is sodium-24, this has a very short half-life but it emits photons with very high energies (>2 MeV). It could be used for radiography of thick steel objects if the radiography occurred close to the point of production. In common with Co-60 and Ir-192 it is formed by the neutron activation of the commonly found stable isotope. Americium-241 has been used as a source","title":"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes"},{"docid":"20078652","text":"wheat. The second one was published in 1990, in the middle, it is a five-pointed star, underneath is an artistic Chinese seal character—“羊” and a gold key formed by wheat. But this emblem also was abandoned in 1997. However, these two versions of emblems had also contained the images of the five goats and wheat, from which we can see how important they are for Guangzhou people. In 1936, the government of the Republic of China had also issued a kind of Yixian Bronze coin (now called “Guangdong Five Goats Bronze Coin”). In the front of the coin, a hole","title":"The Legend of Five Goats"},{"docid":"3298356","text":"Red star A red star, five-pointed and filled (★), is an important symbol often associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with hammer and sickle. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos. Red Star is also Alexander Bogdanov's 1908 science fiction novel about a communist society on Mars. The five-pointed red star has often served as a symbol of communism. One interpretation sees the five points as representing the five fingers of the worker's hand, as well as the five continents. A lesser-known suggestion is that the five points on the star were intended","title":"Red star"},{"docid":"11183750","text":"to the left shoulder. The gang members fold their arms in a manner that is pointed to the left. The People Nation alliance in most instances uses a five-pointed star in their gang graffiti. The five-pointed star has its origins with the Black Stone Rangers/Black P. Stone Ranger Nation, one of the larger street gangs. The alliance's term \"high five, six must die\" is in reference to the five-pointed star versus the six-pointed star of their rivals in the Folk Nation alliance. Commonly used by the People Nation alliance are drawings of pitchforks pointed down in disrespect to the Folk","title":"People Nation"},{"docid":"7520122","text":"kill him when they each impale him with their swords, forming a five pointed star. After a celebratory dinner, the Five decide to return to the Dreamworld. Although Richard is heartbroken that Matt will leave, even though he is not the same Matt that he knew. Matt and the others leave travelling past Oblivion where the Dreamworld lies, in the frozen wastes. The Dreamworld seems to have healed and turns from shades of grey into colourful being. Matt meets the Librarian again, who has with him a woman, who appears to each of the Gatekeepers differently. For Matt she looks","title":"The Power of Five"},{"docid":"9531711","text":"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! Ahh...The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! is a funk album by Bootsy's Rubber Band, released on January 15, 1977. It reached number one on Billboard magazine's Top R&B/Soul albums chart, the first P-Funk release to achieve this goal. The album was produced by George Clinton and William \"Bootsy\" Collins and arranged by Bootsy and Casper (names William Collins uses to refer to his various roles ). Bootsy's second album is widely considered his best: the Motherpage gives it five-star ratings. Similar to most of Bootsy's other work, it is divided between dance tracks and slow","title":"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!"},{"docid":"8314609","text":"\"death\". Today's modern Pagans tend to use all three symbols, rather than making any distinction. The golden five-pointed star is a very common ideogram in the western world, and has particularly strong associations with military power and war. The Asian giant LG Corporation's initials actually stand for \"Lucky Goldstar\" (and not \"Life is Good\" as many Westerners are led to believe). Many communist countries (such as China and Vietnam) and symbols (the hammer and sickle) also incorporate five-pointed stars. The five-pointed star appears in the flags of 35 countries, and also appears commonly in the heraldry of the United States,","title":"Star polygons in art and culture"},{"docid":"10327398","text":"All Fall Down (Five Star song) \"All Fall Down\" is the name of a 1985 hit single by British pop group Five Star. The single was the third UK release from their first album \"Luxury of Life\", released in June 1985. The single was written by Barry Blue and Robin Smith, themselves famous for writing songs for artists in the 1970s. The video used a technique similar to that of A-ha's \"Take on Me\", with a rotoscope type clip. The single became a breakthrough for Five Star, giving them their first Top 40 entry, peaking at #15. Their first three","title":"All Fall Down (Five Star song)"},{"docid":"7806483","text":"The Country of the Pointed Firs The Country of the Pointed Firs is an 1896 novel by American writer Sarah Orne Jewett. It is considered by some literary critics to be her finest work. \"The Country of the Pointed Firs\" was serialized in the January, March, July, and September 1896 issues of The Atlantic Monthly. Sarah Orne Jewett subsequently expanded and revised the text and added titles for the chapters. The novel was then published in book form in Boston and New York by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in November 1896. Henry James described it as her \"beautiful little quantum","title":"The Country of the Pointed Firs"},{"docid":"7806475","text":"The Country of the Pointed Firs The Country of the Pointed Firs is an 1896 novel by American writer Sarah Orne Jewett. It is considered by some literary critics to be her finest work. \"The Country of the Pointed Firs\" was serialized in the January, March, July, and September 1896 issues of The Atlantic Monthly. Sarah Orne Jewett subsequently expanded and revised the text and added titles for the chapters. The novel was then published in book form in Boston and New York by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in November 1896. Henry James described it as her \"beautiful little quantum","title":"The Country of the Pointed Firs"},{"docid":"16913317","text":"gilt rays with a five-pointed pale blue star superimposed on the rays. On the obverse of the insignia, in the center, is a circular gilded medallion bearing the intertwined letters \"LR\" above the date 1920, surrounded by a pale blue enamel ring. On the ring are the gold letters \"The Love of Liberty Brought Us Here\". The reverse of the badge is identical to the obverse except for the central medallion, which bears an allegorical female figure reaching for a shining star surrounded by a red enamel ring. The ring is inscribed in gold letters \"Light in Darkness\". Ambassador George","title":"Order of the Star of Africa"},{"docid":"18365494","text":"parents and understands the tactics employed by Varma to kill Rafael is what the story is about. The music was composed by Bombay Ravi and lyrics was written by Yusufali Kechery. Five Star Hospital Five Star Hospital is a 1997 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thaha. The film stars Vishnu, Sukumari, Jagathy Sreekumar and Thilakan in lead roles. The film had musical score by Bombay Ravi. The film is about Rafael, a new singer in Malayalam film industry. It starts off by showing the current situation of government hospitals and the situation of private hospitals. N.F. Varghese plays Nambiar, a","title":"Five Star Hospital"},{"docid":"6392081","text":"replaced by artificially created radioisotopes. Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties. Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission products within nuclear reactors. A fission product is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been \"split\" in a nuclear fission reaction. Caesium-137 is one such radionuclide. It has a half-life of 30 years, and decays","title":"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes"},{"docid":"6392075","text":"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties. Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission products within nuclear reactors. A fission product is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been \"split\" in a nuclear fission reaction. Caesium-137 is one such radionuclide. It has a half-life of 30 years, and decays by pure beta decay to","title":"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes"},{"docid":"8657127","text":"The Star and Garter The Star and Garter is a pub in Manchester, England with a room upstairs for club nights and gigs. It is situated on Fairfield Street behind Piccadilly railway station and has been a Grade II listed building since 20 June 1988. The name \"Star and Garter\" originates from an abbreviation of the name of the insignia belonging to Order of the Garter. The Star is eight pointed and of chipped silver. At its centre is a white enamelled medallion bearing the Cross of St George in red enamel and surrounded by a dark blue enamelled Garter","title":"The Star and Garter"},{"docid":"709951","text":"Five Star Final Five Star Final is a 1931 American pre-Code film about crime and the excesses of tabloid journalism. The picture was written by Robert Lord and Byron Morgan from the play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Edward G. Robinson, and featuring H. B. Warner, Marian Marsh, Oscar Apfel, Aline MacMahon, Frances Starr, Ona Munson, and Boris Karloff. The title refers to an era when competing newspapers published a series of editions during the day, in this case marking its final edition front page with five stars and the word \"Final.\" \"Five","title":"Five Star Final"},{"docid":"3298377","text":"resistance against fascism and Nazism. On March 21, 2011, Slovenia issued a two-euro commemorative coin to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of Franc Rozman, a partizan commander, featuring a large star that represented a red star. Emblems and flags where the red stars displayed are not five-pointed are much rarer. Among these the following deserve mention. Red star A red star, five-pointed and filled (★), is an important symbol often associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with hammer and sickle. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos. Red Star is also","title":"Red star"},{"docid":"10328824","text":"Let Me Be the One (Five Star song) \"Let Me Be The One\" is the name of a 1985 hit single by British pop group Five Star, and was the fourth release from their debut album \"Luxury Of Life\", released in the summer of 1985. \"Let Me Be The One\" was the group's second UK Top 20 single of the year, reaching #18. It also reached #2 on the U.S. R&B Billboard chart. The song was later covered by American singer Mandy Moore in 1999 for her debut album. 7\" Single: PB 40193 1. Let Me Be The One (Edit","title":"Let Me Be the One (Five Star song)"},{"docid":"8314610","text":"and stands in contrast to the vexillologically rarer seven-pointed star. The five-pointed star occurs in conjunction with a crescent in the flags of several countries to symbolize Islam, appearing for example as part of the symbol of the Ottoman Empire. In philately, the five-pointed star signifies stamps that have not been postmarked. The five-pointed star is used as the symbol of the People Nation alliance of gangs from Chicago. Blood gangs who originated from New York, known as the United Blood Nation, also use this as a symbol as they have emulated the People Nation alliance. In the Armenian Pantheon,","title":"Star polygons in art and culture"},{"docid":"709957","text":"Best Films of 1931. Five Star Final Five Star Final is a 1931 American pre-Code film about crime and the excesses of tabloid journalism. The picture was written by Robert Lord and Byron Morgan from the play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Edward G. Robinson, and featuring H. B. Warner, Marian Marsh, Oscar Apfel, Aline MacMahon, Frances Starr, Ona Munson, and Boris Karloff. The title refers to an era when competing newspapers published a series of editions during the day, in this case marking its final edition front page with five stars and","title":"Five Star Final"},{"docid":"304497","text":"Jackson. The \"General Grand Chapter\" was formed in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 6, 1876. Committees formed at that time created the \"Ritual of the Order of the Eastern Star\" in more or less its current form. The emblem of the Order is a five-pointed star with the white ray of the star pointing downwards towards the manger. The letters FATAL surrounding the center pentagon in the emblem stands for \"Fairest Among Thousands, Altogether Lovely,\" a reference to Song of Songs. In the Chapter room, the downward-pointing white ray points to the West. The character-building lessons taught in the Order are","title":"Order of the Eastern Star"},{"docid":"1312241","text":"recording sessions. One of many Big Star Markets outlets in the Memphis region at the time, it had a logo consisting of a five-pointed star enclosing the words \"Big Star\"; as well as the store's name, the band used its logo but without the word \"Star\" to avoid infringing copyright. Although all four members contributed to songwriting and vocals on the first album, Chilton and Bell dominated as a duo intentionally modeled on John Lennon and Paul McCartney. The album was recorded by Ardent founder John Fry, with Terry Manning contributing occasional backing vocals and keyboards. The title \"#1 Record\"","title":"Big Star"},{"docid":"17129198","text":"to the Article of Decorations of the Republic of China. First rank should be awarded by the President of Republic of China. Order of Brilliant Star Order of Brilliant Star () is a civilian order of the Republic of China recognizing outstanding contributions to the development of the nation. The order is instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals. The centre of the medal is a five-pointed star in token of virtue. The name 'Brilliant Star' came from the ancient book of Records of the Grand Historian () which says \"The Brilliant Stars, which","title":"Order of Brilliant Star"},{"docid":"5537729","text":"Bahá'í symbols Bahá'í symbols are symbols that have been used, or are used, to express identification with the Bahá'í Faith. While the five-pointed star is the symbol of the religion, being used to represent the human body and Messengers of God, more common symbols include the nine-pointed star, the Greatest Name, and the Ringstone symbol, representing perfection, and the Messengers of God. The five-pointed star, or \"haykal\" () is the symbol of the Bahá'í Faith as mentioned by Shoghi Effendi, head of the Bahá'í Faith in the first half of the 20th century: \"Strictly speaking the 5-pointed star is the","title":"Bahá'í symbols"},{"docid":"8572467","text":"Five by Five (The Verve EP) Five by Five is the EP for The Verve's 1997 album \"Urban Hymns\". The EP was released in June 1997, over three months before the actual album was released. Of these five tracks, only one was to be a single (\"Lucky Man\"); but all of them appeared on the album. The EP is quite rare, but not nearly as rare as other Verve EPs such as \"Voyager 1\". The CD version was issued in a full jewel case picture sleeve. The band picture on the front cover of the EP was used in the","title":"Five by Five (The Verve EP)"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"8880359","text":"to honor the roots of Thai Martial Arts. Selected as the closing film for The Bangkok International Film Fest 2007, the film continued to Miami and Italy to name a few. Five Star Production Established in 1973, Five Star Production Company Limited is one of Thailand’s production and distribution houses. Along the years, Five Star Production has developed, founding the first Motion Picture Studio in Thailand in 1979, expanding its activities to TV programs production and producing drama series between 1992 and 1998, along with subsequent successful business deals with Piprodia Entertainment and has even created a Variety Show aiming","title":"Five Star Production"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9719789","text":"different combinations of orange and white bands: Eight-pointed breast stars, displaying the obverse of the decoration, are also worn by the SSA and SSAS recipients. Conferment of the decoration was discontinued on 6 December 2002 when a new set of national orders was instituted. The order has no direct equivalent among the current South African national orders. Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order","title":"Order of the Star of South Africa"},{"docid":"8314611","text":"there is a goddess called Astlik/Astghik. In the Armenian language Astgh means star, Astghik - Little Star. Compared with Ishtar, Astara, this goddess' sign should have been the (probably)eight-pointed star. Several varieties of six-pointed stars are used in Western culture: Apart from the foresaid mentions, six-pointed star formations are rare as an ideograph in Western cultures except in the case of law enforcement badges. In astrology, some formations of a six-pointed star can signify fixed stars. In some rare instances, it can signify the date of birth on a gravestone, synonymous with the five-point star. A seven-pointed star appears in","title":"Star polygons in art and culture"},{"docid":"4286448","text":"are given. The eighth and final chapter presents \"Guidelines for Grottos and Groups\". It begins with a description of a typical CoS ritual. LaVey's view of the desire to join groups and perform group rituals is given, with advice on what to watch out for (in a Satanic bunco tip sheet). Recommendations on how to meet other Satanists, start groups, name grottos, and execute rituals are given. LaVey encourages Satanists to \"make pioneering discoveries and achievements\" as a way of forcing \"objective authorities... to see and acknowledge the quality, productivity and superiority of Satanic thought.\" Four appendices are included: In","title":"The Church of Satan (book)"},{"docid":"19248887","text":"The Star of Adam The Star of Adam is an oval-shaped blue star sapphire, currently the largest star sapphire in the world. It weighs , and its estimated value is at least US$100 million. However, its expected worth at auction is up to US$175 million. Prior to its discovery, the Black Star of Queensland, weighing , was the largest star sapphire gem in the world. The blue-colored gemstone has a six-pointed star-shaped reflection or distinctive mark in the center. This very large star sapphire was discovered in Ratnapura (known by the nickname \"City of Gems\"), in southern Sri Lanka, in","title":"The Star of Adam"},{"docid":"5123760","text":"Affairs and of the Chairman of the Committee on State Security of the USSR establishing the Medal \"For Impeccable Service\" putting an end to the practice. The Order of the Red Star is a red enamelled 47mm to 50mm wide (depending on the variant) silver five pointed star. In the center of the obverse, an oxydised silver shield bearing the image of an erect soldier wearing an overcoat and carrying a rifle, along the shield's entire circumference, a narrow band bearing the Communist motto in relief, \"Workers of the world, unite!\" (), the band below the soldier bore the relief","title":"Order of the Red Star"},{"docid":"18736896","text":"as well as chief marshal of the branch were created at OF9-level. The rank insignia of marshal of the branch was a large (c.50mm wide) five-pointed shoulder board star (at the time the same star was used on the shoulder boards of marshals of the Soviet Union). A marshal of the branch wore the second level five-pointed marshal's star on his uniform necktie. When the rank of chief marshal of the branch was established, the size of the shoulder board stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller, indicating the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union. The first","title":"Marshal of the branch"},{"docid":"18717903","text":"\"Louder Than The Music\" said, \"Five Star Generals hooks and lyrics were more forceful and came across as angry in some of their tracks.\" Five Star Generals Five Star Generals is the third mixtape by the Christian hip hop group Hostyle Gospel, released by Hostyle Gospel Ministries in 2008. In a four star review by \"Journal of Gospel\", Bob Marovich wrote, \"Five Star Generals is well produced and engineered. Of course the language on Five Star Generals is metaphorical, but there's no denying the group's tough-talking, no-holds-barred stance. These guys aren't playing around. They have fashioned themselves into spiritual superheroes","title":"Five Star Generals"},{"docid":"10479027","text":"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five is a compilation album by Japanese pop band Pizzicato Five. The album was released in the United States on October 31, 1995 by Matador Records, serving as the band's second full-length, and third overall, American release under the label. Following \"Made in USA\", \"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five\" is Matador's second compilation of Pizzicato Five's previously released material. The track selection emphasizes the band's albums \"Bossa Nova 2001\" and \"Overdose\", while what then was their most recent album \"Romantique 96\" is represented by one","title":"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five"},{"docid":"11214308","text":"Five Star Affair Five Star Affair (FSA) is a Canadian ska music group formed in 2004 in Calgary, known for playing a mixture of ska, reggae, rock, and punk music. The band is made up of Tristin Chanel (vocals, rhythm guitar, and didgeridoo), Jessie Robertson (bass and vocals), Jesse Heffernan (trumpet and vocals), Chris Gillrie (lead guitar), Eric Elhanati (drums) and Mark Leigh (Trombone). FSA has released an EP \"Better Than What You Get At Home\" and later an LP \"Do Not Disturb\". They gained exposure outside of their hometown when they performed on the \"Shiragirl\" side stage of 2005,2006,2007","title":"Five Star Affair"},{"docid":"11214309","text":"Warped Tour. Five Star Affair Five Star Affair (FSA) is a Canadian ska music group formed in 2004 in Calgary, known for playing a mixture of ska, reggae, rock, and punk music. The band is made up of Tristin Chanel (vocals, rhythm guitar, and didgeridoo), Jessie Robertson (bass and vocals), Jesse Heffernan (trumpet and vocals), Chris Gillrie (lead guitar), Eric Elhanati (drums) and Mark Leigh (Trombone). FSA has released an EP \"Better Than What You Get At Home\" and later an LP \"Do Not Disturb\". They gained exposure outside of their hometown when they performed on the \"Shiragirl\" side stage","title":"Five Star Affair"},{"docid":"4870348","text":"is the first compilation to include the non-charting 1984 singles, the US-only singles from 1987–88 and the Epic singles from 1990–91. Five Star performed as a four piece after 2012. Delroy, Denise, Doris and Stedman performed every summer at festivals in the UK such as Rewind, Let's Rock and Lytham since Lorraine's departure. In 2018 Denise announced UK tour dates under the Five Star name, which, for the first time, included four supporting artists who were not her siblings. The new lineup went on to perform at numerous gigs and concerts throughout the summer. Around the same time, Lorraine Pearson","title":"Five Star"},{"docid":"17129197","text":"Order of Brilliant Star Order of Brilliant Star () is a civilian order of the Republic of China recognizing outstanding contributions to the development of the nation. The order is instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals. The centre of the medal is a five-pointed star in token of virtue. The name 'Brilliant Star' came from the ancient book of Records of the Grand Historian () which says \"The Brilliant Stars, which differs in appearance from time to time, shine upon the nations of the righteous.\" There are nine ranks within the order according","title":"Order of Brilliant Star"},{"docid":"14443223","text":"and his subjects were Muslims a star was chosen as a design and not a cross. The later design was awarded in four classes, Its second design is based on a double-sided five-pointed star of dark green enamel with gold ball finials at the end of each point. Diamonds were no longer used. The star is layered over rays of gold between each arm. A raised Arabic inscription is encircled in the center of the star. This is suspended from a large golden crescent with small green enamel star(s) on it (three on the Commander grade and one on the","title":"Star of Said Ali"},{"docid":"9409087","text":"\"Death Defy\" (No. 98) were listed. \"Hey Driver\" appeared in the 2001 listing at No. 53. Five Star Laundry Five Star Laundry is the debut album by Australian post-grunge band, Motor Ace, which was released on 5 March 2001. It peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It exposed Motor Ace to the Australian public, especially by listeners of national youth radio station, Triple J. The album provided three singles, \"American Shoes\" (June 2000), \"Death Defy\" (November 2000) – used as the theme song for the Australian TV drama series, \"The Secret Life of Us\" – and \"Hey","title":"Five Star Laundry"},{"docid":"9409086","text":"Five Star Laundry Five Star Laundry is the debut album by Australian post-grunge band, Motor Ace, which was released on 5 March 2001. It peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It exposed Motor Ace to the Australian public, especially by listeners of national youth radio station, Triple J. The album provided three singles, \"American Shoes\" (June 2000), \"Death Defy\" (November 2000) – used as the theme song for the Australian TV drama series, \"The Secret Life of Us\" – and \"Hey Driver\" (February 2001). On the Triple J Hottest 100, 2000 both \"American Shoes\" (No. 65) and","title":"Five Star Laundry"},{"docid":"11803535","text":"Legends (Five Star album) Legends is the name of a 2005 triple CD compilation album by British pop group Five Star. It was the group's fourth 'Greatest Hits' collection issued by BMG Camden in 2005 as a general release, to celebrate the band's 20 years since their first hit single. The album was issued on CD only. The 41-track album comprises remastered versions of all 40 tracks from Five Star's first four albums with RCA/BMG (replacing the full version of \"Strong as Steel\" with the single edit) with the addition of the 1989 Greatest Hits single \"With Every Heartbeat\", but","title":"Legends (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"2497011","text":"which London used as a name for a character in the novel. For his role in the Sontag and Evans gang which robbed the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1890s, Morrell spent fourteen years in California prisons (1894–1908), five of them in solitary confinement. London championed his pardon. After his release, Morrell was a frequent guest at London's Beauty Ranch. The Star Rover The Star Rover is a novel by American writer Jack London published in 1915 (published in the United Kingdom as \"The Jacket\"). It is science fiction, and involves both mysticism and reincarnation. A framing story is told","title":"The Star Rover"},{"docid":"11803536","text":"omitting the only remaining released song from their RCA/BMG catalogue, 1989's \"Something about my baby\". Legends (Five Star album) Legends is the name of a 2005 triple CD compilation album by British pop group Five Star. It was the group's fourth 'Greatest Hits' collection issued by BMG Camden in 2005 as a general release, to celebrate the band's 20 years since their first hit single. The album was issued on CD only. The 41-track album comprises remastered versions of all 40 tracks from Five Star's first four albums with RCA/BMG (replacing the full version of \"Strong as Steel\" with the","title":"Legends (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"15528241","text":"The Star (Ballarat) The Ballarat Star was a newspaper in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, first published on 22 September 1855. Its publication ended on 13 September 1924 when it was merged with its competitor, the \"Ballarat Courier\". The earliest original edition of \"The Star\", Ballarat, was discovered early in 2011 in the Australiana Reference Room of the Ballarat library. An unusual masthead caught the eye of the research librarian. Instead of the lion and unicorn crest in the first edition facsimile, this sixth edition displayed a centrepiece which was much more elaborate. In the centre is the eight-pointed star used on","title":"The Star (Ballarat)"},{"docid":"10328882","text":"a new image for the release of the album, mimicking the leather-clad look from Michael Jackson's \"Bad\", released the previous year. An expanded version of \"Rock the World\" was released by Cherry Pop Records in April 2012. Rock the World (Five Star album) Rock the World is the fourth album by the British pop group Five Star. It was released in 1988 and reached #17 on the UK charts. Two singles from the album were UK Top 30 hits: \"Another Weekend\" and \"Rock My World\". The latter was the group's final chart hit. Two further singles from the album, \"There's","title":"Rock the World (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"7986880","text":"Between the Lines (Five Star album) Between the Lines is the third album by the British pop group Five Star, released in September 1987. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK. \"Between the Lines\" was recorded in early 1987. The opening four tracks were recorded in Los Angeles with the producer Dennis Lambert. Two more tracks were recorded there with Richard James Burgess, who had produced tracks on their previous album. The rest of the album was made up of songs written by the band members with the writers producing their own tracks with their father, Buster Pearson,","title":"Between the Lines (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"8703929","text":"\"generalissimus\" (USSR). Only one Australian born officer (Sir Thomas Blamey) has held a substantive Australian five-star rank (field marshal). HM King George VI and HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh have held all three Australian five-star ranks in an honorary capacity, and have been the only holders of the Australian ranks of admiral of the fleet and marshal of the RAAF. Five-star ranks in Brazil are only used in wartime. Around 1998, the Indian Air Force introduced gorget patches (or collar tabs) for its air officers. For marshals of the Indian Air Force, the patches display five stars. The Indonesian","title":"Five-star rank"},{"docid":"7986883","text":"albums respectively). Having released a single every two to four months since 1985, the band released no new material for six months and subsequently changed their image for their next album. An expanded version of \"Between the Lines\" was released by Cherry Pop Records in April 2012. Between the Lines (Five Star album) Between the Lines is the third album by the British pop group Five Star, released in September 1987. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK. \"Between the Lines\" was recorded in early 1987. The opening four tracks were recorded in Los Angeles with the producer","title":"Between the Lines (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"12198988","text":"eight-pointed star worn on the left breast became very influential in the design of the insignia of many later orders of chivalry and still later orders of merit. The Order also had a red banner sprinkled with white eight-pointed stars and bearing an image of the Virgin at its center. Order of the Star (France) The Order of the Star () was an order of chivalry founded on 6 November 1351 by John II of France in imitation of the Order of the Garter founded in 1347 by Edward III of England. The inaugural ceremony of the order took place","title":"Order of the Star (France)"},{"docid":"1564001","text":"title \"Adso of Melk\", but that was vetoed by his publisher, and then the title \"The Name of the Rose\" \"came to me virtually by chance.\" In the \"Postscript to the Name of the Rose\", Eco claims to have chosen the title \"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\". The book's last line, translates as: \"the rose of old remains only in its name; we possess naked names.\" The general sense, as Eco pointed out, was that from the beauty of the past, now disappeared, we hold","title":"The Name of the Rose"},{"docid":"18717902","text":"Five Star Generals Five Star Generals is the third mixtape by the Christian hip hop group Hostyle Gospel, released by Hostyle Gospel Ministries in 2008. In a four star review by \"Journal of Gospel\", Bob Marovich wrote, \"Five Star Generals is well produced and engineered. Of course the language on Five Star Generals is metaphorical, but there's no denying the group's tough-talking, no-holds-barred stance. These guys aren't playing around. They have fashioned themselves into spiritual superheroes declaring all-out street war on the demons who have encircled and imprisoned Christians. These guys have God's back, and visa versa.\" A review in","title":"Five Star Generals"},{"docid":"9138316","text":"for the arrival of the World Teacher and to remove any material obstacles and difficulties from his path. By late1913, the Order had worldwide; most of them were also members of the Theosophical Society. However, membership was open to anyone, the only precondition being acceptance of the \"Declaration of Principles\", which stated the following: New members received an OSE certificate , and could thereafter display the organization's emblem, a five-pointed star. Following its establishment the OSE began its mission in earnest. Lecture tours, meetings and other activities were undertaken by prominent members of the Order. Articles and pamphlets about the","title":"Order of the Star in the East"},{"docid":"7445500","text":"is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the obverse. On top of the gold star there is a smaller five-pointed star made of platinum. In the center of the platinum star there is a 2.04-carat diamond. In the rays of platinum star there are twenty five 0.91-carat diamonds. The total diameter of the gold star is and it weighs . It is connected to a moire ribbon in the same way as the large star. About 370 small marshal's stars have been produced. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation the marshal´s star – small was","title":"Marshal's star"},{"docid":"20402188","text":"The SBL then introduced a first, second, and third team All-Star (or \"All-SBL\") format for the 2007 and 2008 seasons. The SBL returned to a five-player All-Star team in 2009 for both the Men's SBL and Women's SBL. The term \"All-Star Five\" has been used by the SBL in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017. On a few occasions, due to the different voting systems, the Most Valuable Player has not been named in the All-Star Five. State Basketball League All-Star Five The State Basketball League All-Star Five is an annual State Basketball League (SBL) honour bestowed on the best players","title":"State Basketball League All-Star Five"},{"docid":"3468580","text":"Service star A service star is a miniature bronze or silver five-pointed star inch (4.8 mm) in diameter that is authorized to be worn by members of the seven uniformed services of the United States on medals and ribbons to denote an additional award or service period. The service star may also be referred to as a campaign star or battle star depending on which award is authorized the star and the manner in which the device is used for the award. Service stars, campaign stars, and battle stars are worn with one point of the star pointing up on","title":"Service star"},{"docid":"3216344","text":"onwards have yet to be translated and the status of future English versions is unknown at this time. The major story arcs of the manga are : A film adaptation of \"The Five Star Stories\" covers the events in the first arc of the manga, \"Destiny Three Fates: Lachesis\". It was created by Sunrise, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki, produced by Haruki Kadokawa, and premiered in Japan on March 11, 1989. It was re-released in 2002 in DVD format. The licensing rights are currently owned by ADV Films, and an English version was released in March 2005. According to Oricon, reboots","title":"The Five Star Stories"},{"docid":"17414674","text":"a rating of seven points out of ten. Writing for \"Rolling Stone\", Mike Powell gave the track three and a half stars out of five. The reviewer mused it was \"effervescent\", and said it was \"durable music\", though noted it followed a formula \"as old as [Katy] is\". A writer for the website Pretty Much Amazing classified the song's \"hooks\" as \"catchy-as-hell\" and the synthesizers as \"bouncy\", and concluded the review by naming the song \"pop excellence\". Digital Spy editor Lewis Corner opined that the song was \"very good\" and commented that \"the Peckham star is back doing what she","title":"What Love Is Made Of"},{"docid":"15599397","text":"of Suriname as Grand Master wears the collar of the order. The \"Collar\" of the Order is in gold, with alternating the \"Sen\" (S-shaped monogram) and gold stars as facets, connected with small chains. The whole chain rests on a folded Ribbon of the order that culminates in two bows. The bows are worn on the shoulders. The \"Badge\" of the order exists of a gold gilt five-pointed star each topped with a small ball, and gold gilt rays between the arms, resulting in a badge with the shape of a pentagon. The central disk shows the yellow star of","title":"Honorary Order of the Yellow Star"},{"docid":"5844905","text":"Adams 12 Five Star Schools The Adams County School District 12, commonly known as the Adams 12 Five Star Schools, is a public school district located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The district serves the suburban area immediately north of Denver including the communities of Broomfield, Federal Heights, Northglenn, Thornton, and Westminster. As of 2011, the Colorado school district consists of 32 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, 5 high schools, 4 charter schools, 1 alternative school, 1 technical education center, and 1 adult education center, with nearly 39,000 students enrolled in the district. Although there are approximately 68","title":"Adams 12 Five Star Schools"},{"docid":"5844910","text":"12 cut 30 million dollars from its budget, resulting in larger class sizes, no more middle school sports, and funding cuts for clubs. Adams 12 Five Star Schools The Adams County School District 12, commonly known as the Adams 12 Five Star Schools, is a public school district located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The district serves the suburban area immediately north of Denver including the communities of Broomfield, Federal Heights, Northglenn, Thornton, and Westminster. As of 2011, the Colorado school district consists of 32 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, 5 high schools, 4 charter schools, 1 alternative","title":"Adams 12 Five Star Schools"},{"docid":"10328881","text":"Rock the World (Five Star album) Rock the World is the fourth album by the British pop group Five Star. It was released in 1988 and reached #17 on the UK charts. Two singles from the album were UK Top 30 hits: \"Another Weekend\" and \"Rock My World\". The latter was the group's final chart hit. Two further singles from the album, \"There's a Brand New World\" and \"Let Me Be Yours\", failed to reach the Top 40. Following its release, the album was awarded a Silver disc for selling more than 60,000 copies in the UK. The group adopted","title":"Rock the World (Five Star album)"},{"docid":"8990320","text":"The Killer and the Star The Killer and the Star is a musical solo project started by Scooter Ward, frontman of the band Cold. Originally named \"The Witch\", the band name was changed to \"When November Falls\" in November 2006, before any work had been done. In March 2008 the band again changed its name to its final name, \"The Killer and The Star\". Five demos were put out on the band's MySpace player: \"My Heart,\" \"Symphony for a Mad World,\" \"Let the Rain Begin,\" \"Questions\" and \"Starts When You Fall.\" Three additional song names revealed as well: \"End of","title":"The Killer and the Star"},{"docid":"4870349","text":"conducted a live interview on Loose Women on UK Television in which she declared that herself and Denise were no longer friends and she had been offended by the new lineup. 2018 also saw a limited edition deluxe re-issue of all major Five Star projects on one CD box set. Denise helped curate the collection’s track list and promoted its release on her social media feed. Five Star Five Star (also styled as 5 Star) are a British pop group, formed in 1983 and comprising siblings Stedman, Lorraine, Denise, Doris and Delroy Pearson. Between 1985 and 1988, Five Star had","title":"Five Star"},{"docid":"2091441","text":"crowns and eight sets of flowers (roses for England, thistles for Scotland and shamrocks for Ireland), connected by seventeen silver knots. On lesser occasions, simpler insignia are used: The \"star\" is used only by Knights and Dames Grand Cross and Knights and Dames Commander. Its style varies by rank and division; it is worn pinned to the left breast: The star for \"military Knights and Dames Grand Cross\" consists of a Maltese Cross on top of an eight-pointed silver star; the star for \"military Knights and Dames Commander\" is an eight-pointed silver cross pattée. Each bears in the centre three","title":"Order of the Bath"},{"docid":"8880356","text":"Five Star Production Five Star Production Co. Ltd. () is a Thai film production company. It was founded in 1973 by Kiat Iamphungphorn and is today headed by his son and daughter, Aphiradee and her younger brothers Kiatkamon Iamphungphorn. The company's films include the works of Wisit Sasanatieng (\"Tears of the Black Tiger\", \"Citizen Dog\") and Pen-Ek Ratanaruang (\"Ruang Talok 69\", \"Monrak Transistor\", \"Last Life in the Universe\", \"Invisible Waves\"). Other directors associated with Five Star include Thanit Jitnukul, Bhandit Rittakol and Poj Arnon. Five Star Production has been one of the first Thai film production company to present films","title":"Five Star Production"},{"docid":"8703926","text":"Five-star rank A five-star rank is a very senior military rank, first established in the United States of America in 1944, with a five-star general insignia, and corresponding ranks in other countries. The rank is that of the most senior operational military commanders, and within NATO's \"standard rank scale\" it is designated by the code OF-10. Not all armed forces have such a rank, and in those that do the actual insignia of the \"five-star ranks\" may not contain five stars. For example: the insignia for the French OF-10 rank \"maréchal de France\" contains 7 stars; the insignia for the","title":"Five-star rank"},{"docid":"11124551","text":"shared with Victory Liner, a subsidiary of Five Star), Manaoag (for San Fabian ) Its main subsidiary is Victory Liner, but it is also a sister company of Bataan Transit, First North Luzon Transit and Luzon Cisco Transport. Five Star had routes which \"some\" were given to Luzon Cisco Transport. This includes: Five Star offers WiFi access in all buses. Five Star Bus Company uses and maintains these bus units: Modified By Five Star Bus Body: Cagayan Valley Region Central Luzon From Dagupan (via TPLEX) Five Star Bus Company Pangasinan Five Star Bus Company, Incorporated, or simply known as Five","title":"Five Star Bus Company"},{"docid":"18064819","text":"Order of the Flag of the Republic of Hungary The Order of the Flag of the People's Republic of Hungary () was a State Order of the Hungarian People's Republic. It was founded by Decree No. 17 of 1956. The Order originally had five Classes, the 4th and 5th being abolished in 1963. The Star of the Order was an 8-pointed gold star with shorter points between, and with the national flag at the centre surrounded by laurels. The classes of the Order were distinguished by the materials used in the laurels - gold with diamonds for the first class;","title":"Order of the Flag of the Republic of Hungary"},{"docid":"3216341","text":"remained of civilization focused mainly on survival. Much technology and knowledge was lost by the time the imperial families of Amaterasu, Fillmore and Hathuha gathered and established the JC era. JC stands for \"Joker Calendar\" and was meant to give a common frame of reference to all nations to help foster a lasting peace. The JC calendar was adopted but the dream of peace was never realized. The first story of The Five Star Stories begins in JC 2988. At this time interstellar travel is common and genetically engineered \"fatimas\" are well established as necessary co-pilots of the fearsome mortar","title":"The Five Star Stories"},{"docid":"16590602","text":"Lotus Five Star Lotus Fivestar Cinemas (M) Sdn Bhd (doing business as Lotus Five Star Cinemas, also known as LFS) is a cinema chain in Malaysia owned by the Lotus Group. Their biggest cinema is located at The Summer Mall in Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak. LFS Cinema houses over 25 outlets and 108 screens in both Peninsular and East Malaysia. Lotus Five Star is also a major Indian movie distributor in Malaysia. LFS Cinemas competes with Golden Screen Cinemas, TGV Cinemas, and MBO Cinemas. Lotus Five Star is a cinema chain that began in the 1980s and now operates 24","title":"Lotus Five Star"},{"docid":"16590604","text":"Hindi films in Malaysia, and also have DVD and VCD distribution rights. Lotus Five Star Lotus Fivestar Cinemas (M) Sdn Bhd (doing business as Lotus Five Star Cinemas, also known as LFS) is a cinema chain in Malaysia owned by the Lotus Group. Their biggest cinema is located at The Summer Mall in Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak. LFS Cinema houses over 25 outlets and 108 screens in both Peninsular and East Malaysia. Lotus Five Star is also a major Indian movie distributor in Malaysia. LFS Cinemas competes with Golden Screen Cinemas, TGV Cinemas, and MBO Cinemas. Lotus Five Star is","title":"Lotus Five Star"},{"docid":"4870333","text":"Five Star Five Star (also styled as 5 Star) are a British pop group, formed in 1983 and comprising siblings Stedman, Lorraine, Denise, Doris and Delroy Pearson. Between 1985 and 1988, Five Star had four Top 20 albums and 15 Top 40 singles in the UK, including the Top 10 hits \"System Addict\" (1986), \"Can't Wait Another Minute\" (1986), \"Find the Time\" (1986), \"Rain or Shine\" (1986), \"Stay Out of My Life\" (1987) and \"The Slightest Touch\" (1987). They won the 1987 Brit Award for Best British Group. The five-piece group of siblings from Romford were masterminded by their father","title":"Five Star"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845009\",\n \"text\": \"five-pointed star also came to be widely used in military badges in the 19th century. A red star was used as the badge of XII Corps of the Union Army in the American Civil War, while VII Corps used a five-pointed star in a crescent. In 1916, a five-pointed red star was used by the U.S. Army Signal Corps' aviation section. The American tradition of barnstars, decorative five-pointed stars attached to buildings, appears to have arisen in Pennsylvania after the Civil War, and became widespread by the 1930s. The Swiss 1 and 2 francs coins introduced in 1874/5 showed the\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845008\",\n \"text\": \"a single five-pointed star known as \\\"La Estrella Solitaria\\\" (The Lone Star). The similar flag of Texas was introduced in 1839. The star and crescent used by the Ottoman Empire was shown with an eight-pointed stars in early forms (18th century), but was changed to a five-pointed star in the official flag in 1844. Numerous other national or regional flags adopted five-pointed star designs in the later 19th to early 20th century, including Venezuela (1859), Honduras (1866), Philippines (1898), Cuba (1902), Panama (1925) and Jordan (1928). The Flag of Minnesota and 1901 Maine Flag both utilized the 5-pointed design. The\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845013\",\n \"text\": \"adopt such a star was Juventus, in 1958, to represent their tenth Italian Football Championship and Serie A title. The star was later formally adopted by some organisations as a symbol for ten titles, and the ratio of one star for ten titles has become the most common arrangement. Five-pointed stars may be used on elevators to indicate the ground level or lobby of a building. They are also used on various police, fire, and paramedic badges. As a symbol or emblem, the five-pointed star, or \\\"mullet of five points\\\", arises from classical heraldry, and it shares none of the\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845010\",\n \"text\": \"figure of Helvetia surrounded by 22 stars, enumerating the Swiss cantons (in 1983 changed to 23 stars to reflect the creation of the canton of Jura). The green five-pointed star used as a symbol of Esperanto was first proposed in 1890. The five-pointed Red Star as a symbol of communism was adopted during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. Its origin is unknown. The red star is featured on the state emblem of the Soviet Union (1923) and North Korea (1948). Another variant is a yellow (golden) star on red background, as on the state emblem of Vietnam (1945) and\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845007\",\n \"text\": \"features 13 five-pointed stars arranged in a circle, with the stars arranged pointing outwards from the circle (as opposed to up), the so-called Betsy Ross flag. The American flag shown in the painting \\\"Surrender of Lord Cornwallis\\\" by John Trumbull (c. 1820, depicting an event of 1781) shows twelve stars arranged along the outline of a rectangle with an additional star in the center. Five-pointed stars became more frequently used in the 19th century. The coat of arms of Valais, adopted for the Rhodanic Republic (1802), was designed with twelve five-pointed stars. The flag of Chile, introduced in 1817, has\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845012\",\n \"text\": \"adopted by the European Communities in 1985 (and thus inherited as the flag of the European Union upon its creation in 1993) has a circle of twelve yellow (gold) stars on a blue (azure) field. The use of \\\"star\\\" for theatrical lead performers dates to 1824, giving rise to the concept of \\\"stardom\\\" in the film industry. The Hollywood Walk of Fame, where famous entertainers are honored with pink terrazzo five-pointed stars along Hollywood Boulevard, was introduced in 1958. In association football, there is a tradition of using five-pointed stars in team badges to represent victories. The first team to\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845005\",\n \"text\": \"rare in medieval heraldry, but from an early time, the five-pointed star was preferred in English and Scottish heraldry (e.g. in the Dering Roll, c. 1270), while the preferred number of points in German heraldry was six. The star in the coat of arms of the De Vere family was in legend attributed to the First Crusade, when \\\"a white star [...] did light and arrest upon the standard of Aubre de Vere\\\". The de Vere star is notorious in English history, because in the Battle of Barnet in 1471, the white star of the Earl of Oxford was mistaken\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845011\",\n \"text\": \"the People's Republic of China (1949), as well as on the flags of most Communist countries. In the 1930s, red luminescent Kremlin stars were installed on five towers of the Moscow Kremlin, replacing gilded eagles that had symbolized Imperial Russia. Since then, it is customary to install similarly looking red stars atop New Year trees in the Soviet Union, a tradition that continues to this day in Russia. In the Emblem of Italy, adopted in 1947, the five-pointed star represents the \\\"Star of Italy\\\". The \\\"Flag of Europe\\\", designed in 1955 on behalf of the Council of Europe (CoE) and\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7845006\",\n \"text\": \"for the white rose of Edward IV by the Earl of Warwick, so that he erroneously attacked his own ally, losing the battle, which probably changed the outcome of the entire War of the Roses. The five-pointed stars on the Flag of the United States were introduced in the Flag Act of 1777. The Flag Act did not specify any particular arrangement, number of points, nor orientation for the stars and the arrangement. Some flag makers arranged the stars into one big star, in a circle or in rows and some replaced a state's star with its initial. One arrangement\",\n \"title\": \"Five-pointed star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7919292\",\n \"text\": \"takes a Mediterranean holiday, but when he returns he finds she's converted his domain into a Nail Bar. The humour is light-hearted and mostly inoffensive, although slight criticism has actually been received by both Christians and Satanists. Suburban Satanists The Suburban Satanists is a comic strip that appears in Herman Hedning, a comic published eight times a year in Sweden and Norway. The strip began in 1997 in the comic \\\"Geek\\\" before restarting in 1999 in its current home. It is created, written and drawn by British cartoonist Lew Stringer. The Suburban Satanists are the DeVille family (the name is\",\n \"title\": \"Suburban Satanists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7919290\",\n \"text\": \"Suburban Satanists The Suburban Satanists is a comic strip that appears in Herman Hedning, a comic published eight times a year in Sweden and Norway. The strip began in 1997 in the comic \\\"Geek\\\" before restarting in 1999 in its current home. It is created, written and drawn by British cartoonist Lew Stringer. The Suburban Satanists are the DeVille family (the name is a spoof of the Devil), led by the father Stan DeVille, his wife Mavis, and including their grown up children Derek and Sharon. This mini-cult is rounded off with the inclusion of Sharon's son Damien (product of\",\n \"title\": \"Suburban Satanists\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3216339\",\n \"text\": \"The Five Star Stories The story is staged at an alien cluster of four major planetary systems. Amaterasu, the immortal emperor of the Grees Kingdom on the planet Delta Belune, is destined to rule the whole Joker System. He and Lachesis, his bride and \\\"fatima\\\", an artificial life-form, are the main characters of this epic story. An anime film adaptation of the first volume, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki, was released in 1989. \\\"The Five Star Stories\\\" takes its name from the Joker Star Cluster where the stories take place. The star cluster is made up of four stars: Eastern, Western,\",\n \"title\": \"The Five Star Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6013254\",\n \"text\": \"Star of the Commander of Valour The Star of the Commander of Valour () is a medal given by the government of Malaysia. The name translates to \\\"General of Bravery and Valor\\\". It can be conferred posthumously. The award was created on 29 July 1960. It was formally gazetted by an act of parliament on 11 August 1960. The medal takes the form of a five pointed silver star. Two kris lie under the Malaysian royal Crown on the star. The star is held by a ribbon with 45° stripes which slant right. The stripes alternative in red, white, blue\",\n \"title\": \"Star of the Commander of Valour\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10857964\",\n \"text\": \"colony, it is still considered to be a Belgian Order by tradition. The Order of the African Star is theoretically awarded by royal decree with approval by the Council of Ministers. Following the independence of Congo in 1960, the Order of the African Star is no longer awarded, although it officially still exists; it can thus be declared a \\\"dormant\\\" order. The Order of the African Star is administered by the FPS Foreign Affairs and has five classes and three medals: The \\\"Badge\\\" of the order is a white enamelled five-pointed star with blue borders, surrounded by a crown of\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the African Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10586613\",\n \"text\": \"were produced by Ed Roland of Collective Soul. Alan eventually met up with Dennis Matkosky and Dexter Green. Dexter wasn't producing anyone at the time, but he wanted to produce what became Five Star Iris. Both Alan and Dexter had the same idea of wanting to come up with a sound rather than just a record. Once the band started recording their new music, they decided they needed a new name as well. The band decided on Highwire but soon discovered a band in Buffalo, NY had been using the name for some time. They eventually decided on Five Star\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Iris\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5754454\",\n \"text\": \"unusual find was a distinctively pointed hat: Pointed hats were also worn in ancient times by Saka (Scythians), and are shown on Hindu temples (as helmets and metal crowns) and in Hittite reliefs. As described by Herodotus, the name of the Scythian tribe of the \\\"tigrakhauda\\\" (Orthocorybantians) is a bahuvrihi compound literally translating to \\\"people with pointed hats\\\". Besides the Scythians, the Cabeiri as well as Odysseus are traditionally pictured wearing a Pilos, or woolen conical hat. The 13th-century Cumans commonly wore scythian style pointed hats, and are reported to have fought wearing them. Originating from the Japanese Heian period,\",\n \"title\": \"Pointed hat\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3216340\",\n \"text\": \"Southern and Northern. The \\\"fifth star\\\" is a large comet named Stant that passes through that sector of space every 1,500 years pulling with it its own collection of orbiting planets. In the distant past the Farus Di Kanon Empire, now commonly known as the \\\"Super Empire\\\", controlled all 4 solar systems of the Joker Cluster. They enjoyed a level of technology much higher than is currently known and sent explorers to the far reaches of the Joker Cluster. Around the year 9000 AD (Ammon Duul) the empire collapsed due to internal strife. The explorers were called home and what\",\n \"title\": \"The Five Star Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14196064\",\n \"text\": \"Black Star of Africa The Black Star of Africa is a black five-pointed star (★) symbolizing Africa in general and Ghana in particular. The Black Star Line, founded in 1919 by Marcus Garvey as part of the Back-to-Africa movement, modelled its name on that of the White Star Line, changing the colour from white to black to symbolise ownership by black people rather than white people. The black star became a symbol of Pan-Africanism and anti-colonialism. Described as the \\\"Lodestar of African Freedom\\\", the black star was used in 1957 by Theodosia Okoh in the design of the Flag of\",\n \"title\": \"Black Star of Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7520212\",\n \"text\": \"dies in Jamie's arms, and Richard exits from the crumbling fortress of the Old Ones, with Matt's body. But the Past Matt and Scott from the past, Flint, arrive. Once again the downfall of the Old Ones is due to the fact that the Five are replaced by their predecessors 10,000 years ago when they die. The Five Gatekeepers defeat Chaos by impaling him with their swords, forming a five pointed star. After the battle, they all have a celebratory meal. Matt gives the other Gatekeepers a chance to stay and rebuild Earth or come with him to the Dreamworld.\",\n \"title\": \"The Power of Five\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15599398\",\n \"text\": \"the Flag and Coat of arms of Suriname on white enamel, surrounded by a black enamel and gold edged ring displaying the motto in yellow (also from the Surinamese Coat of arms): JUSTITIA - PIETAS - FIDES (\\\"Justice - Piety - Fidelity\\\"). The \\\"Star\\\" of the Order is an eight-pointed gold gilt star with straight rays. The central disc is the same as that of the badge. The \\\"Medal\\\" is round, with a gold and silver version. It shows the five-pointed star and a surrounding circlet with the motto of the order. The \\\"Ribbon\\\" of the order is red with\",\n \"title\": \"Honorary Order of the Yellow Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16913316\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the Star of Africa The Order of the Star of Africa is an order presented by the government of Liberia. The Order of the Star of Africa is presented in five grades, Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross. Liberian and foreign citizens may be invested with the order for distinguished service to the Republic of Liberia or to Africa in public service or in the arts and sciences. The badge and star of the Order of the Star of Africa is a nine-pointed white enamel and silver gilded star. Between the arms of the star are\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16913318\",\n \"text\": \"W. Wallace Order of the Star of Africa The Order of the Star of Africa is an order presented by the government of Liberia. The Order of the Star of Africa is presented in five grades, Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer, and Grand Cross. Liberian and foreign citizens may be invested with the order for distinguished service to the Republic of Liberia or to Africa in public service or in the arts and sciences. The badge and star of the Order of the Star of Africa is a nine-pointed white enamel and silver gilded star. Between the arms of the\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6392079\",\n \"text\": \"into a tumor such as a breast tumor, and the tumor is irradiated by gamma ray photons from the wire. At the end of the treatment the wire is removed. A rare but notable gamma source is sodium-24, this has a very short half-life but it emits photons with very high energies (>2 MeV). It could be used for radiography of thick steel objects if the radiography occurred close to the point of production. In common with Co-60 and Ir-192 it is formed by the neutron activation of the commonly found stable isotope. Americium-241 has been used as a source\",\n \"title\": \"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20078652\",\n \"text\": \"wheat. The second one was published in 1990, in the middle, it is a five-pointed star, underneath is an artistic Chinese seal character—“羊” and a gold key formed by wheat. But this emblem also was abandoned in 1997. However, these two versions of emblems had also contained the images of the five goats and wheat, from which we can see how important they are for Guangzhou people. In 1936, the government of the Republic of China had also issued a kind of Yixian Bronze coin (now called “Guangdong Five Goats Bronze Coin”). In the front of the coin, a hole\",\n \"title\": \"The Legend of Five Goats\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3298356\",\n \"text\": \"Red star A red star, five-pointed and filled (★), is an important symbol often associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with hammer and sickle. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos. Red Star is also Alexander Bogdanov's 1908 science fiction novel about a communist society on Mars. The five-pointed red star has often served as a symbol of communism. One interpretation sees the five points as representing the five fingers of the worker's hand, as well as the five continents. A lesser-known suggestion is that the five points on the star were intended\",\n \"title\": \"Red star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11183750\",\n \"text\": \"to the left shoulder. The gang members fold their arms in a manner that is pointed to the left. The People Nation alliance in most instances uses a five-pointed star in their gang graffiti. The five-pointed star has its origins with the Black Stone Rangers/Black P. Stone Ranger Nation, one of the larger street gangs. The alliance's term \\\"high five, six must die\\\" is in reference to the five-pointed star versus the six-pointed star of their rivals in the Folk Nation alliance. Commonly used by the People Nation alliance are drawings of pitchforks pointed down in disrespect to the Folk\",\n \"title\": \"People Nation\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7520122\",\n \"text\": \"kill him when they each impale him with their swords, forming a five pointed star. After a celebratory dinner, the Five decide to return to the Dreamworld. Although Richard is heartbroken that Matt will leave, even though he is not the same Matt that he knew. Matt and the others leave travelling past Oblivion where the Dreamworld lies, in the frozen wastes. The Dreamworld seems to have healed and turns from shades of grey into colourful being. Matt meets the Librarian again, who has with him a woman, who appears to each of the Gatekeepers differently. For Matt she looks\",\n \"title\": \"The Power of Five\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9531711\",\n \"text\": \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! Ahh...The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! is a funk album by Bootsy's Rubber Band, released on January 15, 1977. It reached number one on Billboard magazine's Top R&B/Soul albums chart, the first P-Funk release to achieve this goal. The album was produced by George Clinton and William \\\"Bootsy\\\" Collins and arranged by Bootsy and Casper (names William Collins uses to refer to his various roles ). Bootsy's second album is widely considered his best: the Motherpage gives it five-star ratings. Similar to most of Bootsy's other work, it is divided between dance tracks and slow\",\n \"title\": \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8314609\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"death\\\". Today's modern Pagans tend to use all three symbols, rather than making any distinction. The golden five-pointed star is a very common ideogram in the western world, and has particularly strong associations with military power and war. The Asian giant LG Corporation's initials actually stand for \\\"Lucky Goldstar\\\" (and not \\\"Life is Good\\\" as many Westerners are led to believe). Many communist countries (such as China and Vietnam) and symbols (the hammer and sickle) also incorporate five-pointed stars. The five-pointed star appears in the flags of 35 countries, and also appears commonly in the heraldry of the United States,\",\n \"title\": \"Star polygons in art and culture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10327398\",\n \"text\": \"All Fall Down (Five Star song) \\\"All Fall Down\\\" is the name of a 1985 hit single by British pop group Five Star. The single was the third UK release from their first album \\\"Luxury of Life\\\", released in June 1985. The single was written by Barry Blue and Robin Smith, themselves famous for writing songs for artists in the 1970s. The video used a technique similar to that of A-ha's \\\"Take on Me\\\", with a rotoscope type clip. The single became a breakthrough for Five Star, giving them their first Top 40 entry, peaking at #15. Their first three\",\n \"title\": \"All Fall Down (Five Star song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7806483\",\n \"text\": \"The Country of the Pointed Firs The Country of the Pointed Firs is an 1896 novel by American writer Sarah Orne Jewett. It is considered by some literary critics to be her finest work. \\\"The Country of the Pointed Firs\\\" was serialized in the January, March, July, and September 1896 issues of The Atlantic Monthly. Sarah Orne Jewett subsequently expanded and revised the text and added titles for the chapters. The novel was then published in book form in Boston and New York by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in November 1896. Henry James described it as her \\\"beautiful little quantum\",\n \"title\": \"The Country of the Pointed Firs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7806475\",\n \"text\": \"The Country of the Pointed Firs The Country of the Pointed Firs is an 1896 novel by American writer Sarah Orne Jewett. It is considered by some literary critics to be her finest work. \\\"The Country of the Pointed Firs\\\" was serialized in the January, March, July, and September 1896 issues of The Atlantic Monthly. Sarah Orne Jewett subsequently expanded and revised the text and added titles for the chapters. The novel was then published in book form in Boston and New York by Houghton, Mifflin and Company in November 1896. Henry James described it as her \\\"beautiful little quantum\",\n \"title\": \"The Country of the Pointed Firs\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16913317\",\n \"text\": \"gilt rays with a five-pointed pale blue star superimposed on the rays. On the obverse of the insignia, in the center, is a circular gilded medallion bearing the intertwined letters \\\"LR\\\" above the date 1920, surrounded by a pale blue enamel ring. On the ring are the gold letters \\\"The Love of Liberty Brought Us Here\\\". The reverse of the badge is identical to the obverse except for the central medallion, which bears an allegorical female figure reaching for a shining star surrounded by a red enamel ring. The ring is inscribed in gold letters \\\"Light in Darkness\\\". Ambassador George\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18365494\",\n \"text\": \"parents and understands the tactics employed by Varma to kill Rafael is what the story is about. The music was composed by Bombay Ravi and lyrics was written by Yusufali Kechery. Five Star Hospital Five Star Hospital is a 1997 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thaha. The film stars Vishnu, Sukumari, Jagathy Sreekumar and Thilakan in lead roles. The film had musical score by Bombay Ravi. The film is about Rafael, a new singer in Malayalam film industry. It starts off by showing the current situation of government hospitals and the situation of private hospitals. N.F. Varghese plays Nambiar, a\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6392081\",\n \"text\": \"replaced by artificially created radioisotopes. Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties. Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission products within nuclear reactors. A fission product is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been \\\"split\\\" in a nuclear fission reaction. Caesium-137 is one such radionuclide. It has a half-life of 30 years, and decays\",\n \"title\": \"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6392075\",\n \"text\": \"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties. Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission products within nuclear reactors. A fission product is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been \\\"split\\\" in a nuclear fission reaction. Caesium-137 is one such radionuclide. It has a half-life of 30 years, and decays by pure beta decay to\",\n \"title\": \"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8657127\",\n \"text\": \"The Star and Garter The Star and Garter is a pub in Manchester, England with a room upstairs for club nights and gigs. It is situated on Fairfield Street behind Piccadilly railway station and has been a Grade II listed building since 20 June 1988. The name \\\"Star and Garter\\\" originates from an abbreviation of the name of the insignia belonging to Order of the Garter. The Star is eight pointed and of chipped silver. At its centre is a white enamelled medallion bearing the Cross of St George in red enamel and surrounded by a dark blue enamelled Garter\",\n \"title\": \"The Star and Garter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"709951\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Final Five Star Final is a 1931 American pre-Code film about crime and the excesses of tabloid journalism. The picture was written by Robert Lord and Byron Morgan from the play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Edward G. Robinson, and featuring H. B. Warner, Marian Marsh, Oscar Apfel, Aline MacMahon, Frances Starr, Ona Munson, and Boris Karloff. The title refers to an era when competing newspapers published a series of editions during the day, in this case marking its final edition front page with five stars and the word \\\"Final.\\\" \\\"Five\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Final\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3298377\",\n \"text\": \"resistance against fascism and Nazism. On March 21, 2011, Slovenia issued a two-euro commemorative coin to mark the 100th anniversary of the birth of Franc Rozman, a partizan commander, featuring a large star that represented a red star. Emblems and flags where the red stars displayed are not five-pointed are much rarer. Among these the following deserve mention. Red star A red star, five-pointed and filled (★), is an important symbol often associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with hammer and sickle. It has been widely used in flags, state emblems, monuments, ornaments, and logos. Red Star is also\",\n \"title\": \"Red star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10328824\",\n \"text\": \"Let Me Be the One (Five Star song) \\\"Let Me Be The One\\\" is the name of a 1985 hit single by British pop group Five Star, and was the fourth release from their debut album \\\"Luxury Of Life\\\", released in the summer of 1985. \\\"Let Me Be The One\\\" was the group's second UK Top 20 single of the year, reaching #18. It also reached #2 on the U.S. R&B Billboard chart. The song was later covered by American singer Mandy Moore in 1999 for her debut album. 7\\\" Single: PB 40193 1. Let Me Be The One (Edit\",\n \"title\": \"Let Me Be the One (Five Star song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8314610\",\n \"text\": \"and stands in contrast to the vexillologically rarer seven-pointed star. The five-pointed star occurs in conjunction with a crescent in the flags of several countries to symbolize Islam, appearing for example as part of the symbol of the Ottoman Empire. In philately, the five-pointed star signifies stamps that have not been postmarked. The five-pointed star is used as the symbol of the People Nation alliance of gangs from Chicago. Blood gangs who originated from New York, known as the United Blood Nation, also use this as a symbol as they have emulated the People Nation alliance. In the Armenian Pantheon,\",\n \"title\": \"Star polygons in art and culture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"709957\",\n \"text\": \"Best Films of 1931. Five Star Final Five Star Final is a 1931 American pre-Code film about crime and the excesses of tabloid journalism. The picture was written by Robert Lord and Byron Morgan from the play of the same name by Louis Weitzenkorn, directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Edward G. Robinson, and featuring H. B. Warner, Marian Marsh, Oscar Apfel, Aline MacMahon, Frances Starr, Ona Munson, and Boris Karloff. The title refers to an era when competing newspapers published a series of editions during the day, in this case marking its final edition front page with five stars and\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Final\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"304497\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson. The \\\"General Grand Chapter\\\" was formed in Indianapolis, Indiana on November 6, 1876. Committees formed at that time created the \\\"Ritual of the Order of the Eastern Star\\\" in more or less its current form. The emblem of the Order is a five-pointed star with the white ray of the star pointing downwards towards the manger. The letters FATAL surrounding the center pentagon in the emblem stands for \\\"Fairest Among Thousands, Altogether Lovely,\\\" a reference to Song of Songs. In the Chapter room, the downward-pointing white ray points to the West. The character-building lessons taught in the Order are\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Eastern Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1312241\",\n \"text\": \"recording sessions. One of many Big Star Markets outlets in the Memphis region at the time, it had a logo consisting of a five-pointed star enclosing the words \\\"Big Star\\\"; as well as the store's name, the band used its logo but without the word \\\"Star\\\" to avoid infringing copyright. Although all four members contributed to songwriting and vocals on the first album, Chilton and Bell dominated as a duo intentionally modeled on John Lennon and Paul McCartney. The album was recorded by Ardent founder John Fry, with Terry Manning contributing occasional backing vocals and keyboards. The title \\\"#1 Record\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Big Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17129198\",\n \"text\": \"to the Article of Decorations of the Republic of China. First rank should be awarded by the President of Republic of China. Order of Brilliant Star Order of Brilliant Star () is a civilian order of the Republic of China recognizing outstanding contributions to the development of the nation. The order is instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals. The centre of the medal is a five-pointed star in token of virtue. The name 'Brilliant Star' came from the ancient book of Records of the Grand Historian () which says \\\"The Brilliant Stars, which\",\n \"title\": \"Order of Brilliant Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5537729\",\n \"text\": \"Bahá'í symbols Bahá'í symbols are symbols that have been used, or are used, to express identification with the Bahá'í Faith. While the five-pointed star is the symbol of the religion, being used to represent the human body and Messengers of God, more common symbols include the nine-pointed star, the Greatest Name, and the Ringstone symbol, representing perfection, and the Messengers of God. The five-pointed star, or \\\"haykal\\\" () is the symbol of the Bahá'í Faith as mentioned by Shoghi Effendi, head of the Bahá'í Faith in the first half of the 20th century: \\\"Strictly speaking the 5-pointed star is the\",\n \"title\": \"Bahá'í symbols\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8572467\",\n \"text\": \"Five by Five (The Verve EP) Five by Five is the EP for The Verve's 1997 album \\\"Urban Hymns\\\". The EP was released in June 1997, over three months before the actual album was released. Of these five tracks, only one was to be a single (\\\"Lucky Man\\\"); but all of them appeared on the album. The EP is quite rare, but not nearly as rare as other Verve EPs such as \\\"Voyager 1\\\". The CD version was issued in a full jewel case picture sleeve. The band picture on the front cover of the EP was used in the\",\n \"title\": \"Five by Five (The Verve EP)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8880359\",\n \"text\": \"to honor the roots of Thai Martial Arts. Selected as the closing film for The Bangkok International Film Fest 2007, the film continued to Miami and Italy to name a few. Five Star Production Established in 1973, Five Star Production Company Limited is one of Thailand’s production and distribution houses. Along the years, Five Star Production has developed, founding the first Motion Picture Studio in Thailand in 1979, expanding its activities to TV programs production and producing drama series between 1992 and 1998, along with subsequent successful business deals with Piprodia Entertainment and has even created a Variety Show aiming\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Production\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9719789\",\n \"text\": \"different combinations of orange and white bands: Eight-pointed breast stars, displaying the obverse of the decoration, are also worn by the SSA and SSAS recipients. Conferment of the decoration was discontinued on 6 December 2002 when a new set of national orders was instituted. The order has no direct equivalent among the current South African national orders. Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of South Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8314611\",\n \"text\": \"there is a goddess called Astlik/Astghik. In the Armenian language Astgh means star, Astghik - Little Star. Compared with Ishtar, Astara, this goddess' sign should have been the (probably)eight-pointed star. Several varieties of six-pointed stars are used in Western culture: Apart from the foresaid mentions, six-pointed star formations are rare as an ideograph in Western cultures except in the case of law enforcement badges. In astrology, some formations of a six-pointed star can signify fixed stars. In some rare instances, it can signify the date of birth on a gravestone, synonymous with the five-point star. A seven-pointed star appears in\",\n \"title\": \"Star polygons in art and culture\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4286448\",\n \"text\": \"are given. The eighth and final chapter presents \\\"Guidelines for Grottos and Groups\\\". It begins with a description of a typical CoS ritual. LaVey's view of the desire to join groups and perform group rituals is given, with advice on what to watch out for (in a Satanic bunco tip sheet). Recommendations on how to meet other Satanists, start groups, name grottos, and execute rituals are given. LaVey encourages Satanists to \\\"make pioneering discoveries and achievements\\\" as a way of forcing \\\"objective authorities... to see and acknowledge the quality, productivity and superiority of Satanic thought.\\\" Four appendices are included: In\",\n \"title\": \"The Church of Satan (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19248887\",\n \"text\": \"The Star of Adam The Star of Adam is an oval-shaped blue star sapphire, currently the largest star sapphire in the world. It weighs , and its estimated value is at least US$100 million. However, its expected worth at auction is up to US$175 million. Prior to its discovery, the Black Star of Queensland, weighing , was the largest star sapphire gem in the world. The blue-colored gemstone has a six-pointed star-shaped reflection or distinctive mark in the center. This very large star sapphire was discovered in Ratnapura (known by the nickname \\\"City of Gems\\\"), in southern Sri Lanka, in\",\n \"title\": \"The Star of Adam\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5123760\",\n \"text\": \"Affairs and of the Chairman of the Committee on State Security of the USSR establishing the Medal \\\"For Impeccable Service\\\" putting an end to the practice. The Order of the Red Star is a red enamelled 47mm to 50mm wide (depending on the variant) silver five pointed star. In the center of the obverse, an oxydised silver shield bearing the image of an erect soldier wearing an overcoat and carrying a rifle, along the shield's entire circumference, a narrow band bearing the Communist motto in relief, \\\"Workers of the world, unite!\\\" (), the band below the soldier bore the relief\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Red Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18736896\",\n \"text\": \"as well as chief marshal of the branch were created at OF9-level. The rank insignia of marshal of the branch was a large (c.50mm wide) five-pointed shoulder board star (at the time the same star was used on the shoulder boards of marshals of the Soviet Union). A marshal of the branch wore the second level five-pointed marshal's star on his uniform necktie. When the rank of chief marshal of the branch was established, the size of the shoulder board stars for marshals was made about 10mm smaller, indicating the superiority of the marshal of the Soviet Union. The first\",\n \"title\": \"Marshal of the branch\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18717903\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Louder Than The Music\\\" said, \\\"Five Star Generals hooks and lyrics were more forceful and came across as angry in some of their tracks.\\\" Five Star Generals Five Star Generals is the third mixtape by the Christian hip hop group Hostyle Gospel, released by Hostyle Gospel Ministries in 2008. In a four star review by \\\"Journal of Gospel\\\", Bob Marovich wrote, \\\"Five Star Generals is well produced and engineered. Of course the language on Five Star Generals is metaphorical, but there's no denying the group's tough-talking, no-holds-barred stance. These guys aren't playing around. They have fashioned themselves into spiritual superheroes\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Generals\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10479027\",\n \"text\": \"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five is a compilation album by Japanese pop band Pizzicato Five. The album was released in the United States on October 31, 1995 by Matador Records, serving as the band's second full-length, and third overall, American release under the label. Following \\\"Made in USA\\\", \\\"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five\\\" is Matador's second compilation of Pizzicato Five's previously released material. The track selection emphasizes the band's albums \\\"Bossa Nova 2001\\\" and \\\"Overdose\\\", while what then was their most recent album \\\"Romantique 96\\\" is represented by one\",\n \"title\": \"The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11214308\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Affair Five Star Affair (FSA) is a Canadian ska music group formed in 2004 in Calgary, known for playing a mixture of ska, reggae, rock, and punk music. The band is made up of Tristin Chanel (vocals, rhythm guitar, and didgeridoo), Jessie Robertson (bass and vocals), Jesse Heffernan (trumpet and vocals), Chris Gillrie (lead guitar), Eric Elhanati (drums) and Mark Leigh (Trombone). FSA has released an EP \\\"Better Than What You Get At Home\\\" and later an LP \\\"Do Not Disturb\\\". They gained exposure outside of their hometown when they performed on the \\\"Shiragirl\\\" side stage of 2005,2006,2007\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Affair\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11214309\",\n \"text\": \"Warped Tour. Five Star Affair Five Star Affair (FSA) is a Canadian ska music group formed in 2004 in Calgary, known for playing a mixture of ska, reggae, rock, and punk music. The band is made up of Tristin Chanel (vocals, rhythm guitar, and didgeridoo), Jessie Robertson (bass and vocals), Jesse Heffernan (trumpet and vocals), Chris Gillrie (lead guitar), Eric Elhanati (drums) and Mark Leigh (Trombone). FSA has released an EP \\\"Better Than What You Get At Home\\\" and later an LP \\\"Do Not Disturb\\\". They gained exposure outside of their hometown when they performed on the \\\"Shiragirl\\\" side stage\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Affair\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4870348\",\n \"text\": \"is the first compilation to include the non-charting 1984 singles, the US-only singles from 1987–88 and the Epic singles from 1990–91. Five Star performed as a four piece after 2012. Delroy, Denise, Doris and Stedman performed every summer at festivals in the UK such as Rewind, Let's Rock and Lytham since Lorraine's departure. In 2018 Denise announced UK tour dates under the Five Star name, which, for the first time, included four supporting artists who were not her siblings. The new lineup went on to perform at numerous gigs and concerts throughout the summer. Around the same time, Lorraine Pearson\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17129197\",\n \"text\": \"Order of Brilliant Star Order of Brilliant Star () is a civilian order of the Republic of China recognizing outstanding contributions to the development of the nation. The order is instituted in 1941 and can be awarded to both domestic and foreign nationals. The centre of the medal is a five-pointed star in token of virtue. The name 'Brilliant Star' came from the ancient book of Records of the Grand Historian () which says \\\"The Brilliant Stars, which differs in appearance from time to time, shine upon the nations of the righteous.\\\" There are nine ranks within the order according\",\n \"title\": \"Order of Brilliant Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14443223\",\n \"text\": \"and his subjects were Muslims a star was chosen as a design and not a cross. The later design was awarded in four classes, Its second design is based on a double-sided five-pointed star of dark green enamel with gold ball finials at the end of each point. Diamonds were no longer used. The star is layered over rays of gold between each arm. A raised Arabic inscription is encircled in the center of the star. This is suspended from a large golden crescent with small green enamel star(s) on it (three on the Commander grade and one on the\",\n \"title\": \"Star of Said Ali\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9409087\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Death Defy\\\" (No. 98) were listed. \\\"Hey Driver\\\" appeared in the 2001 listing at No. 53. Five Star Laundry Five Star Laundry is the debut album by Australian post-grunge band, Motor Ace, which was released on 5 March 2001. It peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It exposed Motor Ace to the Australian public, especially by listeners of national youth radio station, Triple J. The album provided three singles, \\\"American Shoes\\\" (June 2000), \\\"Death Defy\\\" (November 2000) – used as the theme song for the Australian TV drama series, \\\"The Secret Life of Us\\\" – and \\\"Hey\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Laundry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9409086\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Laundry Five Star Laundry is the debut album by Australian post-grunge band, Motor Ace, which was released on 5 March 2001. It peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It exposed Motor Ace to the Australian public, especially by listeners of national youth radio station, Triple J. The album provided three singles, \\\"American Shoes\\\" (June 2000), \\\"Death Defy\\\" (November 2000) – used as the theme song for the Australian TV drama series, \\\"The Secret Life of Us\\\" – and \\\"Hey Driver\\\" (February 2001). On the Triple J Hottest 100, 2000 both \\\"American Shoes\\\" (No. 65) and\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Laundry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11803535\",\n \"text\": \"Legends (Five Star album) Legends is the name of a 2005 triple CD compilation album by British pop group Five Star. It was the group's fourth 'Greatest Hits' collection issued by BMG Camden in 2005 as a general release, to celebrate the band's 20 years since their first hit single. The album was issued on CD only. The 41-track album comprises remastered versions of all 40 tracks from Five Star's first four albums with RCA/BMG (replacing the full version of \\\"Strong as Steel\\\" with the single edit) with the addition of the 1989 Greatest Hits single \\\"With Every Heartbeat\\\", but\",\n \"title\": \"Legends (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2497011\",\n \"text\": \"which London used as a name for a character in the novel. For his role in the Sontag and Evans gang which robbed the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1890s, Morrell spent fourteen years in California prisons (1894–1908), five of them in solitary confinement. London championed his pardon. After his release, Morrell was a frequent guest at London's Beauty Ranch. The Star Rover The Star Rover is a novel by American writer Jack London published in 1915 (published in the United Kingdom as \\\"The Jacket\\\"). It is science fiction, and involves both mysticism and reincarnation. A framing story is told\",\n \"title\": \"The Star Rover\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11803536\",\n \"text\": \"omitting the only remaining released song from their RCA/BMG catalogue, 1989's \\\"Something about my baby\\\". Legends (Five Star album) Legends is the name of a 2005 triple CD compilation album by British pop group Five Star. It was the group's fourth 'Greatest Hits' collection issued by BMG Camden in 2005 as a general release, to celebrate the band's 20 years since their first hit single. The album was issued on CD only. The 41-track album comprises remastered versions of all 40 tracks from Five Star's first four albums with RCA/BMG (replacing the full version of \\\"Strong as Steel\\\" with the\",\n \"title\": \"Legends (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15528241\",\n \"text\": \"The Star (Ballarat) The Ballarat Star was a newspaper in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, first published on 22 September 1855. Its publication ended on 13 September 1924 when it was merged with its competitor, the \\\"Ballarat Courier\\\". The earliest original edition of \\\"The Star\\\", Ballarat, was discovered early in 2011 in the Australiana Reference Room of the Ballarat library. An unusual masthead caught the eye of the research librarian. Instead of the lion and unicorn crest in the first edition facsimile, this sixth edition displayed a centrepiece which was much more elaborate. In the centre is the eight-pointed star used on\",\n \"title\": \"The Star (Ballarat)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10328882\",\n \"text\": \"a new image for the release of the album, mimicking the leather-clad look from Michael Jackson's \\\"Bad\\\", released the previous year. An expanded version of \\\"Rock the World\\\" was released by Cherry Pop Records in April 2012. Rock the World (Five Star album) Rock the World is the fourth album by the British pop group Five Star. It was released in 1988 and reached #17 on the UK charts. Two singles from the album were UK Top 30 hits: \\\"Another Weekend\\\" and \\\"Rock My World\\\". The latter was the group's final chart hit. Two further singles from the album, \\\"There's\",\n \"title\": \"Rock the World (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7986880\",\n \"text\": \"Between the Lines (Five Star album) Between the Lines is the third album by the British pop group Five Star, released in September 1987. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK. \\\"Between the Lines\\\" was recorded in early 1987. The opening four tracks were recorded in Los Angeles with the producer Dennis Lambert. Two more tracks were recorded there with Richard James Burgess, who had produced tracks on their previous album. The rest of the album was made up of songs written by the band members with the writers producing their own tracks with their father, Buster Pearson,\",\n \"title\": \"Between the Lines (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8703929\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"generalissimus\\\" (USSR). Only one Australian born officer (Sir Thomas Blamey) has held a substantive Australian five-star rank (field marshal). HM King George VI and HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh have held all three Australian five-star ranks in an honorary capacity, and have been the only holders of the Australian ranks of admiral of the fleet and marshal of the RAAF. Five-star ranks in Brazil are only used in wartime. Around 1998, the Indian Air Force introduced gorget patches (or collar tabs) for its air officers. For marshals of the Indian Air Force, the patches display five stars. The Indonesian\",\n \"title\": \"Five-star rank\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7986883\",\n \"text\": \"albums respectively). Having released a single every two to four months since 1985, the band released no new material for six months and subsequently changed their image for their next album. An expanded version of \\\"Between the Lines\\\" was released by Cherry Pop Records in April 2012. Between the Lines (Five Star album) Between the Lines is the third album by the British pop group Five Star, released in September 1987. The album peaked at number 7 in the UK. \\\"Between the Lines\\\" was recorded in early 1987. The opening four tracks were recorded in Los Angeles with the producer\",\n \"title\": \"Between the Lines (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12198988\",\n \"text\": \"eight-pointed star worn on the left breast became very influential in the design of the insignia of many later orders of chivalry and still later orders of merit. The Order also had a red banner sprinkled with white eight-pointed stars and bearing an image of the Virgin at its center. Order of the Star (France) The Order of the Star () was an order of chivalry founded on 6 November 1351 by John II of France in imitation of the Order of the Garter founded in 1347 by Edward III of England. The inaugural ceremony of the order took place\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star (France)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1564001\",\n \"text\": \"title \\\"Adso of Melk\\\", but that was vetoed by his publisher, and then the title \\\"The Name of the Rose\\\" \\\"came to me virtually by chance.\\\" In the \\\"Postscript to the Name of the Rose\\\", Eco claims to have chosen the title \\\"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\\\". The book's last line, translates as: \\\"the rose of old remains only in its name; we possess naked names.\\\" The general sense, as Eco pointed out, was that from the beauty of the past, now disappeared, we hold\",\n \"title\": \"The Name of the Rose\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18717902\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Generals Five Star Generals is the third mixtape by the Christian hip hop group Hostyle Gospel, released by Hostyle Gospel Ministries in 2008. In a four star review by \\\"Journal of Gospel\\\", Bob Marovich wrote, \\\"Five Star Generals is well produced and engineered. Of course the language on Five Star Generals is metaphorical, but there's no denying the group's tough-talking, no-holds-barred stance. These guys aren't playing around. They have fashioned themselves into spiritual superheroes declaring all-out street war on the demons who have encircled and imprisoned Christians. These guys have God's back, and visa versa.\\\" A review in\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Generals\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9138316\",\n \"text\": \"for the arrival of the World Teacher and to remove any material obstacles and difficulties from his path. By late1913, the Order had worldwide; most of them were also members of the Theosophical Society. However, membership was open to anyone, the only precondition being acceptance of the \\\"Declaration of Principles\\\", which stated the following: New members received an OSE certificate , and could thereafter display the organization's emblem, a five-pointed star. Following its establishment the OSE began its mission in earnest. Lecture tours, meetings and other activities were undertaken by prominent members of the Order. Articles and pamphlets about the\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star in the East\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7445500\",\n \"text\": \"is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the obverse. On top of the gold star there is a smaller five-pointed star made of platinum. In the center of the platinum star there is a 2.04-carat diamond. In the rays of platinum star there are twenty five 0.91-carat diamonds. The total diameter of the gold star is and it weighs . It is connected to a moire ribbon in the same way as the large star. About 370 small marshal's stars have been produced. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation the marshal´s star – small was\",\n \"title\": \"Marshal's star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20402188\",\n \"text\": \"The SBL then introduced a first, second, and third team All-Star (or \\\"All-SBL\\\") format for the 2007 and 2008 seasons. The SBL returned to a five-player All-Star team in 2009 for both the Men's SBL and Women's SBL. The term \\\"All-Star Five\\\" has been used by the SBL in 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017. On a few occasions, due to the different voting systems, the Most Valuable Player has not been named in the All-Star Five. State Basketball League All-Star Five The State Basketball League All-Star Five is an annual State Basketball League (SBL) honour bestowed on the best players\",\n \"title\": \"State Basketball League All-Star Five\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3468580\",\n \"text\": \"Service star A service star is a miniature bronze or silver five-pointed star inch (4.8 mm) in diameter that is authorized to be worn by members of the seven uniformed services of the United States on medals and ribbons to denote an additional award or service period. The service star may also be referred to as a campaign star or battle star depending on which award is authorized the star and the manner in which the device is used for the award. Service stars, campaign stars, and battle stars are worn with one point of the star pointing up on\",\n \"title\": \"Service star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3216344\",\n \"text\": \"onwards have yet to be translated and the status of future English versions is unknown at this time. The major story arcs of the manga are : A film adaptation of \\\"The Five Star Stories\\\" covers the events in the first arc of the manga, \\\"Destiny Three Fates: Lachesis\\\". It was created by Sunrise, directed by Kazuo Yamazaki, produced by Haruki Kadokawa, and premiered in Japan on March 11, 1989. It was re-released in 2002 in DVD format. The licensing rights are currently owned by ADV Films, and an English version was released in March 2005. According to Oricon, reboots\",\n \"title\": \"The Five Star Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17414674\",\n \"text\": \"a rating of seven points out of ten. Writing for \\\"Rolling Stone\\\", Mike Powell gave the track three and a half stars out of five. The reviewer mused it was \\\"effervescent\\\", and said it was \\\"durable music\\\", though noted it followed a formula \\\"as old as [Katy] is\\\". A writer for the website Pretty Much Amazing classified the song's \\\"hooks\\\" as \\\"catchy-as-hell\\\" and the synthesizers as \\\"bouncy\\\", and concluded the review by naming the song \\\"pop excellence\\\". Digital Spy editor Lewis Corner opined that the song was \\\"very good\\\" and commented that \\\"the Peckham star is back doing what she\",\n \"title\": \"What Love Is Made Of\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15599397\",\n \"text\": \"of Suriname as Grand Master wears the collar of the order. The \\\"Collar\\\" of the Order is in gold, with alternating the \\\"Sen\\\" (S-shaped monogram) and gold stars as facets, connected with small chains. The whole chain rests on a folded Ribbon of the order that culminates in two bows. The bows are worn on the shoulders. The \\\"Badge\\\" of the order exists of a gold gilt five-pointed star each topped with a small ball, and gold gilt rays between the arms, resulting in a badge with the shape of a pentagon. The central disk shows the yellow star of\",\n \"title\": \"Honorary Order of the Yellow Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5844905\",\n \"text\": \"Adams 12 Five Star Schools The Adams County School District 12, commonly known as the Adams 12 Five Star Schools, is a public school district located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The district serves the suburban area immediately north of Denver including the communities of Broomfield, Federal Heights, Northglenn, Thornton, and Westminster. As of 2011, the Colorado school district consists of 32 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, 5 high schools, 4 charter schools, 1 alternative school, 1 technical education center, and 1 adult education center, with nearly 39,000 students enrolled in the district. Although there are approximately 68\",\n \"title\": \"Adams 12 Five Star Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5844910\",\n \"text\": \"12 cut 30 million dollars from its budget, resulting in larger class sizes, no more middle school sports, and funding cuts for clubs. Adams 12 Five Star Schools The Adams County School District 12, commonly known as the Adams 12 Five Star Schools, is a public school district located in western Adams County, Colorado, United States. The district serves the suburban area immediately north of Denver including the communities of Broomfield, Federal Heights, Northglenn, Thornton, and Westminster. As of 2011, the Colorado school district consists of 32 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, 5 high schools, 4 charter schools, 1 alternative\",\n \"title\": \"Adams 12 Five Star Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10328881\",\n \"text\": \"Rock the World (Five Star album) Rock the World is the fourth album by the British pop group Five Star. It was released in 1988 and reached #17 on the UK charts. Two singles from the album were UK Top 30 hits: \\\"Another Weekend\\\" and \\\"Rock My World\\\". The latter was the group's final chart hit. Two further singles from the album, \\\"There's a Brand New World\\\" and \\\"Let Me Be Yours\\\", failed to reach the Top 40. Following its release, the album was awarded a Silver disc for selling more than 60,000 copies in the UK. The group adopted\",\n \"title\": \"Rock the World (Five Star album)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8990320\",\n \"text\": \"The Killer and the Star The Killer and the Star is a musical solo project started by Scooter Ward, frontman of the band Cold. Originally named \\\"The Witch\\\", the band name was changed to \\\"When November Falls\\\" in November 2006, before any work had been done. In March 2008 the band again changed its name to its final name, \\\"The Killer and The Star\\\". Five demos were put out on the band's MySpace player: \\\"My Heart,\\\" \\\"Symphony for a Mad World,\\\" \\\"Let the Rain Begin,\\\" \\\"Questions\\\" and \\\"Starts When You Fall.\\\" Three additional song names revealed as well: \\\"End of\",\n \"title\": \"The Killer and the Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4870349\",\n \"text\": \"conducted a live interview on Loose Women on UK Television in which she declared that herself and Denise were no longer friends and she had been offended by the new lineup. 2018 also saw a limited edition deluxe re-issue of all major Five Star projects on one CD box set. Denise helped curate the collection’s track list and promoted its release on her social media feed. Five Star Five Star (also styled as 5 Star) are a British pop group, formed in 1983 and comprising siblings Stedman, Lorraine, Denise, Doris and Delroy Pearson. Between 1985 and 1988, Five Star had\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2091441\",\n \"text\": \"crowns and eight sets of flowers (roses for England, thistles for Scotland and shamrocks for Ireland), connected by seventeen silver knots. On lesser occasions, simpler insignia are used: The \\\"star\\\" is used only by Knights and Dames Grand Cross and Knights and Dames Commander. Its style varies by rank and division; it is worn pinned to the left breast: The star for \\\"military Knights and Dames Grand Cross\\\" consists of a Maltese Cross on top of an eight-pointed silver star; the star for \\\"military Knights and Dames Commander\\\" is an eight-pointed silver cross pattée. Each bears in the centre three\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Bath\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8880356\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Production Five Star Production Co. Ltd. () is a Thai film production company. It was founded in 1973 by Kiat Iamphungphorn and is today headed by his son and daughter, Aphiradee and her younger brothers Kiatkamon Iamphungphorn. The company's films include the works of Wisit Sasanatieng (\\\"Tears of the Black Tiger\\\", \\\"Citizen Dog\\\") and Pen-Ek Ratanaruang (\\\"Ruang Talok 69\\\", \\\"Monrak Transistor\\\", \\\"Last Life in the Universe\\\", \\\"Invisible Waves\\\"). Other directors associated with Five Star include Thanit Jitnukul, Bhandit Rittakol and Poj Arnon. Five Star Production has been one of the first Thai film production company to present films\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Production\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8703926\",\n \"text\": \"Five-star rank A five-star rank is a very senior military rank, first established in the United States of America in 1944, with a five-star general insignia, and corresponding ranks in other countries. The rank is that of the most senior operational military commanders, and within NATO's \\\"standard rank scale\\\" it is designated by the code OF-10. Not all armed forces have such a rank, and in those that do the actual insignia of the \\\"five-star ranks\\\" may not contain five stars. For example: the insignia for the French OF-10 rank \\\"maréchal de France\\\" contains 7 stars; the insignia for the\",\n \"title\": \"Five-star rank\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11124551\",\n \"text\": \"shared with Victory Liner, a subsidiary of Five Star), Manaoag (for San Fabian ) Its main subsidiary is Victory Liner, but it is also a sister company of Bataan Transit, First North Luzon Transit and Luzon Cisco Transport. Five Star had routes which \\\"some\\\" were given to Luzon Cisco Transport. This includes: Five Star offers WiFi access in all buses. Five Star Bus Company uses and maintains these bus units: Modified By Five Star Bus Body: Cagayan Valley Region Central Luzon From Dagupan (via TPLEX) Five Star Bus Company Pangasinan Five Star Bus Company, Incorporated, or simply known as Five\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star Bus Company\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18064819\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the Flag of the Republic of Hungary The Order of the Flag of the People's Republic of Hungary () was a State Order of the Hungarian People's Republic. It was founded by Decree No. 17 of 1956. The Order originally had five Classes, the 4th and 5th being abolished in 1963. The Star of the Order was an 8-pointed gold star with shorter points between, and with the national flag at the centre surrounded by laurels. The classes of the Order were distinguished by the materials used in the laurels - gold with diamonds for the first class;\",\n \"title\": \"Order of the Flag of the Republic of Hungary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3216341\",\n \"text\": \"remained of civilization focused mainly on survival. Much technology and knowledge was lost by the time the imperial families of Amaterasu, Fillmore and Hathuha gathered and established the JC era. JC stands for \\\"Joker Calendar\\\" and was meant to give a common frame of reference to all nations to help foster a lasting peace. The JC calendar was adopted but the dream of peace was never realized. The first story of The Five Star Stories begins in JC 2988. At this time interstellar travel is common and genetically engineered \\\"fatimas\\\" are well established as necessary co-pilots of the fearsome mortar\",\n \"title\": \"The Five Star Stories\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16590602\",\n \"text\": \"Lotus Five Star Lotus Fivestar Cinemas (M) Sdn Bhd (doing business as Lotus Five Star Cinemas, also known as LFS) is a cinema chain in Malaysia owned by the Lotus Group. Their biggest cinema is located at The Summer Mall in Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak. LFS Cinema houses over 25 outlets and 108 screens in both Peninsular and East Malaysia. Lotus Five Star is also a major Indian movie distributor in Malaysia. LFS Cinemas competes with Golden Screen Cinemas, TGV Cinemas, and MBO Cinemas. Lotus Five Star is a cinema chain that began in the 1980s and now operates 24\",\n \"title\": \"Lotus Five Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16590604\",\n \"text\": \"Hindi films in Malaysia, and also have DVD and VCD distribution rights. Lotus Five Star Lotus Fivestar Cinemas (M) Sdn Bhd (doing business as Lotus Five Star Cinemas, also known as LFS) is a cinema chain in Malaysia owned by the Lotus Group. Their biggest cinema is located at The Summer Mall in Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Sarawak. LFS Cinema houses over 25 outlets and 108 screens in both Peninsular and East Malaysia. Lotus Five Star is also a major Indian movie distributor in Malaysia. LFS Cinemas competes with Golden Screen Cinemas, TGV Cinemas, and MBO Cinemas. Lotus Five Star is\",\n \"title\": \"Lotus Five Star\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4870333\",\n \"text\": \"Five Star Five Star (also styled as 5 Star) are a British pop group, formed in 1983 and comprising siblings Stedman, Lorraine, Denise, Doris and Delroy Pearson. Between 1985 and 1988, Five Star had four Top 20 albums and 15 Top 40 singles in the UK, including the Top 10 hits \\\"System Addict\\\" (1986), \\\"Can't Wait Another Minute\\\" (1986), \\\"Find the Time\\\" (1986), \\\"Rain or Shine\\\" (1986), \\\"Stay Out of My Life\\\" (1987) and \\\"The Slightest Touch\\\" (1987). They won the 1987 Brit Award for Best British Group. The five-piece group of siblings from Romford were masterminded by their father\",\n \"title\": \"Five Star\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":290,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"291"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the capital of Syria?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18356795","text":"of Antioch (1098-1268) and County of Tripoli (1109-1289). The area was also threatened by Shi'a extremists known as Assassins (\"Hassassin\") and in 1260 the Mongols briefly swept through Syria. The withdrawal of the main Mongol army prompted the Mamluks of Egypt to invade and conquer Syria. In addition to the sultanate's capital in Cairo, the Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital, with the cities linked by a mail service that traveled by both horses and carrier pigeons. The Mamluks eliminated the last of the Crusader footholds in Syria and repulsed several Mongol invasions. In 1400, Timur Lenk, or","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"382851","text":"force, including government, in 2008. As of May 2009, it was reported that Damascus office prices are skyrocketing. Since the start of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, there has been a capital flight to nearby countries. Syria has been subject to sanctions by US, Canada, EU, Arab League and Turkey because of the civil war. The currency of Syria is the Syrian pound (SYP). The pound's exchange rate has deteriorated significantly, falling from 47 SYP for US$1 in March 2011 to 515 SYP for US$1 in July 2017. The Central Bank of Syria began operations in 1959. It controls","title":"Economy of Syria"},{"docid":"10059909","text":"and councils of elders. The 65 districts are listed below by governorate (with capital districts in bold text). The city of Damascus functions as a governorate, a district and a subdistrict. Parts of Quneitra Governorate have been under Israeli occupation since 1967 (see Golan Heights). Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or \"muhafazat\" (sing. \"muhafazah\"), are divided into 65 districts, or \"manatiq\" (sing. \"mintaqah\"), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or \"nawahi\" (sing. \"nahiya\"). Each district bears the same name as its district capital. Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials","title":"Districts of Syria"},{"docid":"382784","text":"or \"manatiq\" (sing. \"mintaqah\"), which are further divided into sub-districts, or \"nawahi\" (sing. \"nahiya\"). The capital Damascus is the second largest city in Syria, and the metropolitan area is a governorate on its own. Aleppo (population 2,301,570) in northern Syria is the largest city. Latakia along with Tartus are Syria's main ports on the Mediterranean Sea. The area includes about 185,180 square kilometers of deserts, plains, and mountains. It is divided into a coastal zone—with a narrow, double mountain belt enclosing a depression in the west—and a much larger eastern plateau. The climate is predominantly dry; about three-fifths of the","title":"Geography of Syria"},{"docid":"14455939","text":"to France by the League of Nations over the whole of Syria from 1923. Following the awarding of the mandate and the defeat of Syrian forces in May 1920, Syria came under French military occupation. Syria got divided between a coastal area with a capital at Beirut, which subsequently became Lebanon, and the interior under the control of the Arabs with a capital at Damascus. Stamps of France were used between 1920 and 1922 overprinted \"T.E.O.\" (Territoires Ennemis Occupés) or \"O.M.F.\" (Occupation Militaire Francaise). As a League of Nations mandate, Syria used the stamps of France, overprinted \"Syrie Grand Liban\"","title":"Postage stamps and postal history of Syria"},{"docid":"18356830","text":"EU regard as terrorist groups. In 2003 the US threatened sanctions if Damascus failed to make what Washington called the \"right decisions\". Syria denied US allegations that it was developing chemical weapons and helping fugitive Iraqis. An Israeli air strike against a Palestinian militant camp near Damascus in October 2003 was described by Syria as \"military aggression\". President Assad visited Turkey in January 2004, the first Syrian leader to do so. The trip marked the end of decades of frosty relations, although ties were to sour again after 2011. In May 2004, the USA imposed economic sanctions on Syria over","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"12814377","text":"Greeks in Syria The Greek presence in Syria began in the 7th century BC and became more prominent during the Hellenistic period and when the Seleucid Empire was centered there. Today, there is a Greek community of about 4,500 in Syria, most of whom have Syrian nationality and who live mainly in Aleppo (the country's main trading and financial centre), Baniyas, Tartous , and Damascus, the capital. Greek presence is attested from early on, and in fact, the name of Syria itself is from the Greek word for the Assyrians. \"Further Information: Late Bronze Age collapse\" The Ancient Levant had","title":"Greeks in Syria"},{"docid":"18356791","text":"being occupied by the Sassanids between 609 and 628, then recovered by the emperor Heraclius. Whatsoever, Byzantine rule in the region was lost to the Muslims after the battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch. In 634-640, Syria was conquered by the Muslim Arabs in the form of the Rashidun army led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, resulting in the region becoming part of the Islamic empire. In the mid-7th century, the Umayyad dynasty, then rulers of the empire, placed the capital of the empire in Damascus. Syria was divided into four districts: Damascus, Homs, Palestine and Jordan. The Islamic","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"10059908","text":"Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or \"muhafazat\" (sing. \"muhafazah\"), are divided into 65 districts, or \"manatiq\" (sing. \"mintaqah\"), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or \"nawahi\" (sing. \"nahiya\"). Each district bears the same name as its district capital. Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials appointed by the governor, subject to the approval of the minister of the interior. These officials work with elected district councils to attend to assorted local needs, and serve as intermediaries between central government authority and traditional local leaders, such as village chiefs, clan leaders,","title":"Districts of Syria"},{"docid":"15310402","text":"of this. In 1888, a vilayet of Beirut was formed from the vilayet of Syria. In May 1892, another proposal was made for a regional government centered in Ma'an, which was approved in August. In mid-1895, the centre of this mutasarrifiyya was moved to Karak (Mutasarrifate of Karak), marking the southernmost extent of Ottoman rule in the vilayet of Syria. As of 1927, the Vilayet Syria was divided into four sanjaks: Damascus, Hama, Hauran and Karak. The Vilayet's capital was Damascus. Syria Vilayet The Vilayet of Syria (), also known as Vilayet of Damascus, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet)","title":"Syria Vilayet"},{"docid":"14910375","text":"Qara, Syria Qara or Kara () is a Syrian city in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. It is located between the Qalamoun Mountains and the Eastern Lebanon mountains range, north of the capital Damascus on the road to the city of Homs. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qara had a population of 12,508 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims and Greek Orthodox and Catholic Christians. It was the southern-most town in the Jund Hims military district of Greater Syria during the Umayyad Caliphate. Abu'l-Fida described it in his Geography","title":"Qara, Syria"},{"docid":"4511755","text":"Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria. A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011 following a period of demonstrations and unrest in 2011, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab Spring. The government, headed by Bashar al-Assad, son of previous leader Hafez al-Assad, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. Elections were held on 3 June 2014. The winner was Bashar al-Assad of the Ba'ath party. There were observers from more than 30 countries. Summary of the 7 May 2012 People's Council","title":"Elections in Syria"},{"docid":"3823053","text":"of river Euphrates of eastern Syria. These regions represented much of the agricultural and mineral wealth of Syria. The autonomous Sanjak of Alexandretta was added to the state of Aleppo in 1923. The capital was the northern city of Aleppo, which had large Christian and Jewish communities in addition to the Sunni Muslims. The state also incorporated minorities of Shiites and Alawites. Ethnic Kurds and Assyrians inhabited the eastern regions alongside the Arabs. The State of Damascus was a French mandate from 1920 to 1925. The capital was Damascus. The primarily Sunni population of the states of Aleppo and Damascus","title":"French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon"},{"docid":"14910377","text":"of the Levant at that time. While Qara's population had originally been Christian, by the 17th century it was a mixed Muslim-Christian village. Qara, Syria Qara or Kara () is a Syrian city in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. It is located between the Qalamoun Mountains and the Eastern Lebanon mountains range, north of the capital Damascus on the road to the city of Homs. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qara had a population of 12,508 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims and Greek Orthodox and Catholic Christians. It","title":"Qara, Syria"},{"docid":"10032225","text":"Al-Tall, Syria Al-Tall (, also spelled al-Tell) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate and capital of the al-Tall District. Situated in the middle of the Anti-Lebanon mountains, having an elevation of roughly 1,000 meters above sea level. Nearby localities include Maaraba to the southwest, Damascus to the south, Dahiyat al-Assad and Douma to the southeast, Maarat Saidnaya to the northeast, Manin to the north, Ashrafiyat al-Wadi and Basimah to the northwest and al-Hamah and Qudsaya to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Tall had a population of 44,597","title":"Al-Tall, Syria"},{"docid":"7358594","text":"Apamea in Syria (of the Syrians). It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents of the Archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank : The Holy Great Martyr Procopius (Procopius of Scythopolis) is related to Apamea: \"on the way to Egypt, near the Syrian city of Apameia, Neanius had a vision of the Lord Jesus, just as once formerly had happened with Saul on the road to Damascus\" (source: the life of the saint, at https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/los/July/08-02.htm) Apamea, Syria Apamea (, \"Apameia\"; , \"Afamia\"), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital","title":"Apamea, Syria"},{"docid":"8970080","text":"that the expedition was important as Muhammad followed by 1000 men reached the confines of Syria, where distant tribes had now learnt his name, while the political horizon of Muhammad was extended. By AD 640, Syria was conquered by the Arab Rashidun army led by Khalid ibn al-Walid. In the mid-7th century, the Umayyad dynasty, then rulers of the empire, placed the capital of the empire in Damascus. The country's power declined during later Umayyad rule; this was mainly due to totalitarianism, corruption and the resulting revolutions. The Umayyad dynasty was then overthrown in 750 by the Abbasid dynasty, which","title":"Syria"},{"docid":"8737612","text":"History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD). There were large communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishli for centuries. In the early 20th century, a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to Israel, the U.S., and Latin America. The largest Syrian-Jewish community is located in Israel and is estimated at 80,000. Following the Syrian Civil War and rise of ISIL, the majority of the remaining Jews of Syria have fled","title":"History of the Jews in Syria"},{"docid":"11616284","text":"also some members of the larger communities, particularly within the Kurdish and Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who no longer speak their mother tongue and have become Arabized. The Kurds in Syria are the second largest ethnic group in the country (around 10% in 2013) and are mainly Sunni Muslims. The majority live in the northeast, bordering on Iraq and Turkey. There are also smaller Kurdish communities in central Syria, followed by Kobani and Afrin. In the capital of Damascus they are Arabized and do not speak Kurdish very well. The only area in which the Kurds constitute a majority is the Hasakah","title":"Religion in Syria"},{"docid":"1656713","text":"in what was called 'Kurdistan of Syria' and in Damuscus, the capital of Syria. A tall building, called 'Qalha', is still standing, in the mid south-west quarter of Damascus. The Ayubian dynasty continued there for many years, all from Kurdish descent. Although the Kurds came under the successive dominion of various conquerors, including the Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Ottoman Turks, Sassanid Persians, and Achaemenid Persians they may have remained relatively unmixed by the influx of invaders, because of their protected and inhospitable mountainous homeland. Genetic testing amongst randomly chosen Kurdish populations has begun to shed light into the disparate origins","title":"History of the Kurds"},{"docid":"5282848","text":"ruled in Syria\", indicating her continued influence despite her never controlling the capital Antioch. Her children probably remained in Cilicia or somewhere else in Asia Minor for protection, which would explain Antiochus XIII's nickname, \"\"Asiaticus\"\". According to Josephus, \"those that held Damascus\" invited Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, to rule them because they feared Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus), king of the Iturea. Damascus' history between the death of Antiochus XII and 241 SE (72/71 BC), when the Armenian king Tigranes II took the city, is obscure. Based on her jugate coins which depict her alongside Antiochus XIII, Hoover suggested","title":"Cleopatra Selene of Syria"},{"docid":"10032226","text":"in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. In the early 1960s al-Tall was reported to be a large village of 3,500 inhabitants. It had a large mosque surrounded by several column fragments, hewn stones and burial grottoes. Al-Tall, Syria Al-Tall (, also spelled al-Tell) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate and capital of the al-Tall District. Situated in the middle of the Anti-Lebanon mountains, having an elevation of roughly 1,000 meters above sea level. Nearby localities include Maaraba to the southwest, Damascus to the south, Dahiyat al-Assad and Douma to","title":"Al-Tall, Syria"},{"docid":"3823051","text":"included the State of Aleppo, the State of Damascus and the State of the Alawis. However, two and a half years later on 5 December 1924 Arrêté 2979 and Arrêté 2980 establishing the Alawite State as an independent state with Latakia as its capital, and separately unified the States of Aleppo and Damascus as from 1 January 1925 into a single State, renamed \"d'État de Syrie\" (\"State of Syria\"). In 1936, both Jebel Druze and the Alawite State were incorporated into the State of Syria. On 1 September 1920, the day after the creation of Greater Lebanon and the Alawite","title":"French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356795\",\n \"text\": \"of Antioch (1098-1268) and County of Tripoli (1109-1289). The area was also threatened by Shi'a extremists known as Assassins (\\\"Hassassin\\\") and in 1260 the Mongols briefly swept through Syria. The withdrawal of the main Mongol army prompted the Mamluks of Egypt to invade and conquer Syria. In addition to the sultanate's capital in Cairo, the Mamluk leader, Baibars, made Damascus a provincial capital, with the cities linked by a mail service that traveled by both horses and carrier pigeons. The Mamluks eliminated the last of the Crusader footholds in Syria and repulsed several Mongol invasions. In 1400, Timur Lenk, or\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382851\",\n \"text\": \"force, including government, in 2008. As of May 2009, it was reported that Damascus office prices are skyrocketing. Since the start of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, there has been a capital flight to nearby countries. Syria has been subject to sanctions by US, Canada, EU, Arab League and Turkey because of the civil war. The currency of Syria is the Syrian pound (SYP). The pound's exchange rate has deteriorated significantly, falling from 47 SYP for US$1 in March 2011 to 515 SYP for US$1 in July 2017. The Central Bank of Syria began operations in 1959. It controls\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10059909\",\n \"text\": \"and councils of elders. The 65 districts are listed below by governorate (with capital districts in bold text). The city of Damascus functions as a governorate, a district and a subdistrict. Parts of Quneitra Governorate have been under Israeli occupation since 1967 (see Golan Heights). Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or \\\"muhafazat\\\" (sing. \\\"muhafazah\\\"), are divided into 65 districts, or \\\"manatiq\\\" (sing. \\\"mintaqah\\\"), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or \\\"nawahi\\\" (sing. \\\"nahiya\\\"). Each district bears the same name as its district capital. Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials\",\n \"title\": \"Districts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382784\",\n \"text\": \"or \\\"manatiq\\\" (sing. \\\"mintaqah\\\"), which are further divided into sub-districts, or \\\"nawahi\\\" (sing. \\\"nahiya\\\"). The capital Damascus is the second largest city in Syria, and the metropolitan area is a governorate on its own. Aleppo (population 2,301,570) in northern Syria is the largest city. Latakia along with Tartus are Syria's main ports on the Mediterranean Sea. The area includes about 185,180 square kilometers of deserts, plains, and mountains. It is divided into a coastal zone—with a narrow, double mountain belt enclosing a depression in the west—and a much larger eastern plateau. The climate is predominantly dry; about three-fifths of the\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14455939\",\n \"text\": \"to France by the League of Nations over the whole of Syria from 1923. Following the awarding of the mandate and the defeat of Syrian forces in May 1920, Syria came under French military occupation. Syria got divided between a coastal area with a capital at Beirut, which subsequently became Lebanon, and the interior under the control of the Arabs with a capital at Damascus. Stamps of France were used between 1920 and 1922 overprinted \\\"T.E.O.\\\" (Territoires Ennemis Occupés) or \\\"O.M.F.\\\" (Occupation Militaire Francaise). As a League of Nations mandate, Syria used the stamps of France, overprinted \\\"Syrie Grand Liban\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Postage stamps and postal history of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356830\",\n \"text\": \"EU regard as terrorist groups. In 2003 the US threatened sanctions if Damascus failed to make what Washington called the \\\"right decisions\\\". Syria denied US allegations that it was developing chemical weapons and helping fugitive Iraqis. An Israeli air strike against a Palestinian militant camp near Damascus in October 2003 was described by Syria as \\\"military aggression\\\". President Assad visited Turkey in January 2004, the first Syrian leader to do so. The trip marked the end of decades of frosty relations, although ties were to sour again after 2011. In May 2004, the USA imposed economic sanctions on Syria over\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12814377\",\n \"text\": \"Greeks in Syria The Greek presence in Syria began in the 7th century BC and became more prominent during the Hellenistic period and when the Seleucid Empire was centered there. Today, there is a Greek community of about 4,500 in Syria, most of whom have Syrian nationality and who live mainly in Aleppo (the country's main trading and financial centre), Baniyas, Tartous , and Damascus, the capital. Greek presence is attested from early on, and in fact, the name of Syria itself is from the Greek word for the Assyrians. \\\"Further Information: Late Bronze Age collapse\\\" The Ancient Levant had\",\n \"title\": \"Greeks in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356791\",\n \"text\": \"being occupied by the Sassanids between 609 and 628, then recovered by the emperor Heraclius. Whatsoever, Byzantine rule in the region was lost to the Muslims after the battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch. In 634-640, Syria was conquered by the Muslim Arabs in the form of the Rashidun army led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, resulting in the region becoming part of the Islamic empire. In the mid-7th century, the Umayyad dynasty, then rulers of the empire, placed the capital of the empire in Damascus. Syria was divided into four districts: Damascus, Homs, Palestine and Jordan. The Islamic\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10059908\",\n \"text\": \"Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or \\\"muhafazat\\\" (sing. \\\"muhafazah\\\"), are divided into 65 districts, or \\\"manatiq\\\" (sing. \\\"mintaqah\\\"), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or \\\"nawahi\\\" (sing. \\\"nahiya\\\"). Each district bears the same name as its district capital. Districts and subdistricts are administered by officials appointed by the governor, subject to the approval of the minister of the interior. These officials work with elected district councils to attend to assorted local needs, and serve as intermediaries between central government authority and traditional local leaders, such as village chiefs, clan leaders,\",\n \"title\": \"Districts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15310402\",\n \"text\": \"of this. In 1888, a vilayet of Beirut was formed from the vilayet of Syria. In May 1892, another proposal was made for a regional government centered in Ma'an, which was approved in August. In mid-1895, the centre of this mutasarrifiyya was moved to Karak (Mutasarrifate of Karak), marking the southernmost extent of Ottoman rule in the vilayet of Syria. As of 1927, the Vilayet Syria was divided into four sanjaks: Damascus, Hama, Hauran and Karak. The Vilayet's capital was Damascus. Syria Vilayet The Vilayet of Syria (), also known as Vilayet of Damascus, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet)\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Vilayet\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14910375\",\n \"text\": \"Qara, Syria Qara or Kara () is a Syrian city in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. It is located between the Qalamoun Mountains and the Eastern Lebanon mountains range, north of the capital Damascus on the road to the city of Homs. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qara had a population of 12,508 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims and Greek Orthodox and Catholic Christians. It was the southern-most town in the Jund Hims military district of Greater Syria during the Umayyad Caliphate. Abu'l-Fida described it in his Geography\",\n \"title\": \"Qara, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4511755\",\n \"text\": \"Elections in Syria Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria. A civil war has been going on in Syria since 2011 following a period of demonstrations and unrest in 2011, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the Arab Spring. The government, headed by Bashar al-Assad, son of previous leader Hafez al-Assad, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. Elections were held on 3 June 2014. The winner was Bashar al-Assad of the Ba'ath party. There were observers from more than 30 countries. Summary of the 7 May 2012 People's Council\",\n \"title\": \"Elections in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3823053\",\n \"text\": \"of river Euphrates of eastern Syria. These regions represented much of the agricultural and mineral wealth of Syria. The autonomous Sanjak of Alexandretta was added to the state of Aleppo in 1923. The capital was the northern city of Aleppo, which had large Christian and Jewish communities in addition to the Sunni Muslims. The state also incorporated minorities of Shiites and Alawites. Ethnic Kurds and Assyrians inhabited the eastern regions alongside the Arabs. The State of Damascus was a French mandate from 1920 to 1925. The capital was Damascus. The primarily Sunni population of the states of Aleppo and Damascus\",\n \"title\": \"French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14910377\",\n \"text\": \"of the Levant at that time. While Qara's population had originally been Christian, by the 17th century it was a mixed Muslim-Christian village. Qara, Syria Qara or Kara () is a Syrian city in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. It is located between the Qalamoun Mountains and the Eastern Lebanon mountains range, north of the capital Damascus on the road to the city of Homs. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Qara had a population of 12,508 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims and Greek Orthodox and Catholic Christians. It\",\n \"title\": \"Qara, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10032225\",\n \"text\": \"Al-Tall, Syria Al-Tall (, also spelled al-Tell) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate and capital of the al-Tall District. Situated in the middle of the Anti-Lebanon mountains, having an elevation of roughly 1,000 meters above sea level. Nearby localities include Maaraba to the southwest, Damascus to the south, Dahiyat al-Assad and Douma to the southeast, Maarat Saidnaya to the northeast, Manin to the north, Ashrafiyat al-Wadi and Basimah to the northwest and al-Hamah and Qudsaya to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), al-Tall had a population of 44,597\",\n \"title\": \"Al-Tall, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7358594\",\n \"text\": \"Apamea in Syria (of the Syrians). It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents of the Archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank : The Holy Great Martyr Procopius (Procopius of Scythopolis) is related to Apamea: \\\"on the way to Egypt, near the Syrian city of Apameia, Neanius had a vision of the Lord Jesus, just as once formerly had happened with Saul on the road to Damascus\\\" (source: the life of the saint, at https://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/los/July/08-02.htm) Apamea, Syria Apamea (, \\\"Apameia\\\"; , \\\"Afamia\\\"), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital\",\n \"title\": \"Apamea, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8970080\",\n \"text\": \"that the expedition was important as Muhammad followed by 1000 men reached the confines of Syria, where distant tribes had now learnt his name, while the political horizon of Muhammad was extended. By AD 640, Syria was conquered by the Arab Rashidun army led by Khalid ibn al-Walid. In the mid-7th century, the Umayyad dynasty, then rulers of the empire, placed the capital of the empire in Damascus. The country's power declined during later Umayyad rule; this was mainly due to totalitarianism, corruption and the resulting revolutions. The Umayyad dynasty was then overthrown in 750 by the Abbasid dynasty, which\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8737612\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews derive their origin from two groups: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain (1492 AD). There were large communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishli for centuries. In the early 20th century, a large percentage of Syrian Jews immigrated to Israel, the U.S., and Latin America. The largest Syrian-Jewish community is located in Israel and is estimated at 80,000. Following the Syrian Civil War and rise of ISIL, the majority of the remaining Jews of Syria have fled\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11616284\",\n \"text\": \"also some members of the larger communities, particularly within the Kurdish and Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who no longer speak their mother tongue and have become Arabized. The Kurds in Syria are the second largest ethnic group in the country (around 10% in 2013) and are mainly Sunni Muslims. The majority live in the northeast, bordering on Iraq and Turkey. There are also smaller Kurdish communities in central Syria, followed by Kobani and Afrin. In the capital of Damascus they are Arabized and do not speak Kurdish very well. The only area in which the Kurds constitute a majority is the Hasakah\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1656713\",\n \"text\": \"in what was called 'Kurdistan of Syria' and in Damuscus, the capital of Syria. A tall building, called 'Qalha', is still standing, in the mid south-west quarter of Damascus. The Ayubian dynasty continued there for many years, all from Kurdish descent. Although the Kurds came under the successive dominion of various conquerors, including the Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Ottoman Turks, Sassanid Persians, and Achaemenid Persians they may have remained relatively unmixed by the influx of invaders, because of their protected and inhospitable mountainous homeland. Genetic testing amongst randomly chosen Kurdish populations has begun to shed light into the disparate origins\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Kurds\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5282848\",\n \"text\": \"ruled in Syria\\\", indicating her continued influence despite her never controlling the capital Antioch. Her children probably remained in Cilicia or somewhere else in Asia Minor for protection, which would explain Antiochus XIII's nickname, \\\"\\\"Asiaticus\\\"\\\". According to Josephus, \\\"those that held Damascus\\\" invited Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, to rule them because they feared Ptolemy (son of Mennaeus), king of the Iturea. Damascus' history between the death of Antiochus XII and 241 SE (72/71 BC), when the Armenian king Tigranes II took the city, is obscure. Based on her jugate coins which depict her alongside Antiochus XIII, Hoover suggested\",\n \"title\": \"Cleopatra Selene of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10032226\",\n \"text\": \"in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims. In the early 1960s al-Tall was reported to be a large village of 3,500 inhabitants. It had a large mosque surrounded by several column fragments, hewn stones and burial grottoes. Al-Tall, Syria Al-Tall (, also spelled al-Tell) is a city in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate and capital of the al-Tall District. Situated in the middle of the Anti-Lebanon mountains, having an elevation of roughly 1,000 meters above sea level. Nearby localities include Maaraba to the southwest, Damascus to the south, Dahiyat al-Assad and Douma to\",\n \"title\": \"Al-Tall, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3823051\",\n \"text\": \"included the State of Aleppo, the State of Damascus and the State of the Alawis. However, two and a half years later on 5 December 1924 Arrêté 2979 and Arrêté 2980 establishing the Alawite State as an independent state with Latakia as its capital, and separately unified the States of Aleppo and Damascus as from 1 January 1925 into a single State, renamed \\\"d'État de Syrie\\\" (\\\"State of Syria\\\"). In 1936, both Jebel Druze and the Alawite State were incorporated into the State of Syria. On 1 September 1920, the day after the creation of Greater Lebanon and the Alawite\",\n \"title\": \"French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"16718783","text":"Capital punishment in Syria Capital punishment is legal in Syria. Current laws allow the death penalty for treason; espionage; murder; arson resulting in death; attempting a death-eligible crime; recidivism for a felony punishable by forced labor for life; political acts and military offences such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy, insubordination, rebellion and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robbery; terrorism; subjecting a person to torture or barbaric treatment during the commission of gang-robbery; rape; membership in the Muslim Brotherhood; joining the Islamic","title":"Capital punishment in Syria"},{"docid":"16718784","text":"State of Iraq and the Levant; drug trafficking; political dissidence and falsification of material evidence resulting in a third party being convicted for a drug offense and sentenced to death. Executions are carried out by hanging in public. Capital punishment in Syria Capital punishment is legal in Syria. Current laws allow the death penalty for treason; espionage; murder; arson resulting in death; attempting a death-eligible crime; recidivism for a felony punishable by forced labor for life; political acts and military offences such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the","title":"Capital punishment in Syria"},{"docid":"18356790","text":"and rode to Palmyra to reconquer it and subsequently sacked it around 273 AD, which effectively put an end to Palmyrene civilization. With the decline of the empire in the west, Syria became part of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire in 395. The province was subsequently divided into three, smaller provinces. Syria Prima, with the capital remaining at Antioch, and Syria Secunda, with its capital moving to Apamea on the Orontes, and the new province of Theodorias, with Laodice as its capital. Syria remained one of the most important regions of the Byzantine Empire, and was of strategic importance,","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"18356769","text":"History of Syria The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in Syria (region). The present Syrian Arab Republic spans territory which was first unified in the 10th century BCE under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the capital of which was the city of Ashur, from which the name \"Syria\" most likely derives. This territory was then conquered by various rulers, and settled in by different peoples. Syria is considered to have emerged as an independent country for the first time on 24 October 1945, upon the signing of","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"5172084","text":"341), the province of \"Euphratensis\" was created out of the territory of \"Syria Coele\" along the western bank of the Euphrates and the former realm of Commagene, with Hierapolis as its capital. After c. 415 \"Syria Coele\" was further subdivided into \"Syria I\" (or \"Syria Prima\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \"Syria II\" (\"Syria Secunda\") or \"Syria Salutaris\", with capital at Apamea on the Orontes. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province \"Theodorias\" out of territory from both provinces. The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire. It was occupied","title":"Roman Syria"},{"docid":"13426054","text":"Syria Prima Syria I or Syria Prima (\"First Syria\", in , \"Prote Syria\") was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Coele-Syria. The province survived until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s. After c. 415 \"Syria Coele\" was further subdivided into \"Syria I\" (or \"Syria Prima\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \"Syria II\" (\"Syria Secunda\") or \"Syria Salutaris\", with capital at Apamea on the Orontes. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province \"Theodorias\" out of territory from both provinces. The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire.","title":"Syria Prima"},{"docid":"13426055","text":"It was occupied by the Sassanids between 609 and 628, then recovered by the emperor Heraclius, but lost again to the advancing Muslims after the battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch. Syria Prima Syria I or Syria Prima (\"First Syria\", in , \"Prote Syria\") was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Coele-Syria. The province survived until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s. After c. 415 \"Syria Coele\" was further subdivided into \"Syria I\" (or \"Syria Prima\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \"Syria II\" (\"Syria Secunda\") or \"Syria Salutaris\", with capital at Apamea","title":"Syria Prima"},{"docid":"17324893","text":"Syria proper (Coele-Syria) and Phoenice. Sometime between 330 and 350 (likely c. 341), the province of \"Euphratensis\" was created out of the territory of Syria Coele and the former realm of Commagene, with Hierapolis as its capital. After c. 415 Syria Coele was further subdivided into Syria I, with the capital remaining at Antioch, and Syria II or Salutaris, with capital at Apamea on the Orontes River. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province Theodorias out of territory from both provinces. The region was annexed to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Muslim victory over the Byzantine Empire","title":"Syria (region)"},{"docid":"11756542","text":"Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. Syria is ranked as one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. There were","title":"Media of Syria"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"5172081","text":"with its governor Vespasian) amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria, two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia, one legion. The emperor Septimius Severus divided up Roman Syria in the fashion it would remain until the rule of the Tetrarchs. Under his reign it was divided into three parts, Coele Syria in the north with Antioch as its provincial capital, Syria Phoenice with Tyre as the provincial capital and in the","title":"Roman Syria"},{"docid":"5280316","text":"and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea. Libanius (died 392 CE) was born at Antioch, the capital of Coele Syria as it is called. This city was founded by Seleucus surnamed Nicator. Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \"Koílē Syría\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \"all\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"docid":"3198400","text":"as village chiefs, clan leaders, and councils of elders. Capital Governorates of Syria Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces in English (Arabic \"muḥāfaẓāt\", singular \"muḥāfaẓah\"). The governorates are divided into sixty districts (\"manāṭiq\", singular \"minṭaqah\"), which are further divided into subdistricts (\"nawāḥī\", singular \"nāḥiyah\"). The \"nawāḥī\" contain villages, which are the smallest administrative units. Each governorate is headed by a governor, appointed by the president, subject to cabinet approval. The governor is responsible for administration, health, social services, education, tourism, public works, transportation, domestic trade, agriculture, industry, civil","title":"Governorates of Syria"},{"docid":"8946589","text":"under the Patriarch of Antioch. The most important bishops were: Laodicea in Syria Laodicea was a port city and an important colonia of the Roman empire in ancient Syria, located near the modern city of Latakia. It was also called Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad mare. For a short period of time under Septimius Severus, it became the capital of Roman Syria, and subsequently, it became the capital of the Eastern Roman province of Theodorias from 528 AD until 637 AD. The Phoenician city of Ramitha was located in the coastal area where it is the modern port of","title":"Laodicea in Syria"},{"docid":"8946584","text":"Laodicea in Syria Laodicea was a port city and an important colonia of the Roman empire in ancient Syria, located near the modern city of Latakia. It was also called Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad mare. For a short period of time under Septimius Severus, it became the capital of Roman Syria, and subsequently, it became the capital of the Eastern Roman province of Theodorias from 528 AD until 637 AD. The Phoenician city of Ramitha was located in the coastal area where it is the modern port of Latakia, known to the Greeks as Leukê Aktê or \"white","title":"Laodicea in Syria"},{"docid":"18356780","text":"Issus which took place south of the ancient town Issus, close to the present-day Turkish town of Iskenderun. Syria was then incorporated into the Seleucid Empire by general Seleucus who started, with the Seleucid Kings after him, using the title of \"King of Syria\". The capital of this Empire (founded in 312 BCE) was situated at Antioch, then a part of historical Syria, but just inside the Turkish border today as well. A series of six wars, Syrian Wars, were fought between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"18356793","text":"who moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic — made official under Umayyad rule — became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic in the Abbasid era. For periods, Syria was ruled from Egypt, under the Tulunids (887-905), and then, after a period of anarchy, the Ikhshidids (941-969). Northern Syria came under the Hamdanids of Aleppo. The court of Ali Saif al-Daula, 'Sword of the State,' (944-967) was a center of culture, thanks to its nurturing of Arabic literature. He resisted Byzantine efforts to reconquer Syria by skillful defensive tactics and counter-raids into Anatolia. After his death, the Byzantines","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"18356782","text":"offered him the crown of Syria. The Roman general Pompey the Great captured Antioch in 64 BCE, turning Syria into a Roman province and ended Armenian rule, establishing the city of Antioch as its capital. Antioch was the third largest city in the Roman Empire, after Rome and Alexandria, with an estimated population of 500,000 at its zenith, and being a commercial and cultural hub at the region for many centuries later. The largely Aramaic speaking population of Syria during the heyday of the empire was probably not exceeded again until the 19th century. Syria's large and prosperous population made","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"11756549","text":"license from the Ministry of Information. In 2011 the state of emergency was lifted. This seems to have had no effect what-so-ever on the way the government conducted itself regarding the media, with Syria's ranking actually worsening the following year with journalistic organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders both ranking Syria as one of the top four most repressive countries in the world. There are over 5 million Internet users in Syria. Reporters Without Borders lists Syria as an “internet enemy” due to high levels of censorship. The Internet is controlled by the Syrian","title":"Media of Syria"},{"docid":"382840","text":"exchange for a one time payment of $150 million. Agriculture is a high priority in Syria's economic development plans, as the government seeks to achieve food self-sufficiency, increase export earnings, and halt rural out-migration. Thanks to sustained capital investment, infrastructure development, subsidies of inputs, and price supports, Syria has gone from a net importer of many agricultural products to an exporter of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and other foodstuffs. One of the prime reasons for this turnaround has been the government's investment in huge irrigation systems in northern and northeastern Syria. The agriculture sector, as of 2009, employs about 17% of","title":"Economy of Syria"},{"docid":"382847","text":"GW generated by hydroelectric power. A network totaling 45 GW linking the electric power grids of Syria, Egypt, and Jordan was completed in March 2001. Syria's electric supply capacity is an important national priority, and the government hopes to add 3,000 megawatts of power generating capacity by 2010 at a probable cost of US$2 billion, but progress has been slowed by a lack of investment capital. Power plants in Syria are undergoing intensive maintenance, and four new generating plants have been built. The power distribution network has serious problems, with transmission losses estimated as high as 25 percent of total","title":"Economy of Syria"},{"docid":"19213441","text":"is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the intermediary (archiepiscopal) rank : Gabula (Syria) Gabula was an Ancient city and former bishopric in Roman Syria, and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Its modern location is presumed at the marsh of al-Jabbul (Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Djebbul, Djabbul) in present Syria. Gabula was important enough in the Roman province of Syria Prima to be a Metropolitan Archdiocese in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch (the provincial capital Antioch on the Orontes), but was to fade, presumably at the advent of Islam. It has had two historically documented","title":"Gabula (Syria)"},{"docid":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"19213440","text":"Gabula (Syria) Gabula was an Ancient city and former bishopric in Roman Syria, and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Its modern location is presumed at the marsh of al-Jabbul (Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Djebbul, Djabbul) in present Syria. Gabula was important enough in the Roman province of Syria Prima to be a Metropolitan Archdiocese in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch (the provincial capital Antioch on the Orontes), but was to fade, presumably at the advent of Islam. It has had two historically documented incumbents : The diocese was nominally restored in 1929 as a Latin Catholic titular archbishopric. It","title":"Gabula (Syria)"},{"docid":"8970073","text":"rode to Syria, captured Antioch, its capital, and turned Syria into a Roman province in 64 BC, thus ending the Armenian control over the region which had lasted two decades. Syria prospered under Roman rule, being strategically located on the silk road which gave it massive wealth and importance, making it the battleground for the rivaling Romans and Persians. Palmyra, a rich and sometimes powerful native Aramaic-speaking kingdom arose in northern Syria in the 2nd century; the Palmyrene established a trade network that made the city one of the richest in the Roman empire. Eventually, in the late 3rd century","title":"Syria"},{"docid":"5280312","text":"describes as including from west to east; Commagene, Sophene, and Adiabene. In Pliny's time, Syria was administratively divided into a number of provinces with various degrees of autonomy under the Roman Empire, such as the Ityraei or Ituraei, who were a people of Coelo-Syria famous for shooting with a bow, [The wood of the trees called] \"yews are bent into Ituraean bows\". The Decapolis was so called from its ten cities enumerated by Pliny. And it should be noted, that what \"Pliny\" calls \"Decapolis\", \"Ptolomy\" makes his \"Cœle-Syria\"; and the \"Cœle-Syria\" of \"Pliny\", is that part of \"Syria\" about \"Aleppo\".","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"docid":"5172082","text":"south Syria Palestina with Caesarea Maritima as the provincial capital. From the later 2nd century, the Roman Senate included several notable Syrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis of the Third Century. In 244 AD, Rome was ruled by a native Syrian from Philippopolis (modern day Shahba) in the province of Arabia Petraea. The emperor was Marcus Iulius Philippus, more commonly known as Philip the Arab. Philip became the 33rd emperor of Rome upon its millennial celebration. Roman Syria was invaded in 252/253 (the date is disputed) after a Roman field","title":"Roman Syria"},{"docid":"8970081","text":"moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic – made official under Umayyad rule – became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic of the Byzantine era. In 887, the Egypt-based Tulunids annexed Syria from the Abbasids, and were later replaced by once the Egypt-based Ikhshidids and still later by the Hamdanids originating in Aleppo founded by Sayf al-Dawla. Sections of Syria were held by French, English, Italian and German overlords between 1098 and 1189 AD during the Crusades and were known collectively as the Crusader states among which the primary one in Syria was the Principality of Antioch. The","title":"Syria"},{"docid":"8970071","text":"Greek Macedonian Empire, ruled by Alexander the Great circa 330 BC, and consequently became Coele-Syria province of the Greek Seleucid Empire (323 BC – 64 BC), with the Seleucid kings styling themselves 'King of Syria' and the city of Antioch being its capital starting from 240. Thus, it was the Greeks who introduced the name \"Syria\" to the region. Originally an Indo-European corruption of \"Assyria\" in northern Mesopotamia, the Greeks used this term to describe not only Assyria itself but also the lands to the west which had for centuries been under Assyrian dominion. Thus in the Greco-Roman world both","title":"Syria"},{"docid":"2536143","text":"Philistia (Palestine), combining it with that of the neighboring province of Syria, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land, although the actual Philistines from which the name derives had disappeared from history during the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC). The city of Aelia Capitolina was built by the emperor Hadrian on the ruins of Jerusalem. The capital of the enlarged province remained in Antiochia. In 193, the province of Syria-Coele was split from Syria Palaestina. In the 3rd century, Syrians even reached for imperial power, with the Severan dynasty. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis","title":"Syria Palaestina"},{"docid":"19856385","text":"Cannabis in Syria Cannabis in Syria is illegal. Under the policies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, many cannabis offences, from simple use to trafficking, reportedly often carried a sentence of life imprisonment. Under President Shukri al-Quwatli (1943–1949), the cultivating of cannabis was banned in Syria, though authorities noted they had little ability to prevent the Druze of the Jabal al-Druze region from producing hashish. In 1993, Syria enacted Law No. 2 which authorizes punishment, up to and including capital punishment, for the manufacture, transporting, and sale of narcotics. As the country has become destabilised as a result of civil","title":"Cannabis in Syria"},{"docid":"7274028","text":"of disadvantaged backgrounds are the ones that benefit the most from early childhood programs by developing basic skills necessary for employment thereby moving them out of abject poverty. Currently, most of the Early Childhood Care and Education services in Syria are delivered through private kindergartens and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) based in urban areas. Despite increasing quantity of human capital through increasing access to education at all levels, the improvement of quality of the education and training system and consequently the quality of human capital is another challenge that Government of Syria needs to address. Weak growth in labor productivity over","title":"Education in Syria"},{"docid":"12715771","text":"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \"A Bend in the River\". \"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"docid":"7358577","text":"Apamea, Syria Apamea (, \"Apameia\"; , \"Afamia\"), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital of Apamene under the Macedonians, became the capital and Metropolitan Archbishopric of late Roman province Syria Secunda, again in the crusader time and since the 20th century a quadruple Catholic titular see. Amongst the impressive ancient remains, the site includes the Great Colonnade which ran for nearly making it among the longest in the Roman world and the Roman Theatre, one of the largest surviving theatres of the Roman Empire with an estimated seating","title":"Apamea, Syria"},{"docid":"17379015","text":"of Syria. It is unclear precisely what titles he held; Broughton suggests that he was one of Caesar's military tribunes in 49, then quaestor in 48; in Syria he may have been Caesar's legate, or perhaps proquaestor \"pro praetore\"; in either case he was governor of Syria. At this time, Quintus Caecilius Bassus, one of Pompeius' lieutenants, who had fled to Tyre after the Battle of Pharsalus, endeavoured to gain the support of some of Sextus' soldiers. When the governor discovered his activity, Bassus gave the excuse that he was collecting troops to assist Mithridates of Pergamon. Bassus then spread","title":"Sextus Julius Caesar (governor of Syria)"},{"docid":"7401951","text":"p. 349; Malalas, p. 256.) Diodorus erroneously says that the inhabitants were removed to Seleucia Pieria. Antigonia continued, however, to exist, and is mentioned in the war with the Parthians after the defeat of Crassus. (Dion Cass. xl. 29.) Antigonia (Syria) Antigonia () also transliterated as Antigonea and Antigoneia was a Hellenistic city in Seleucid Empire, Syria (in modern Turkey), on the Orontes, founded by Antigonus I Monophthalmus in 307 BC, and intended to be the capital of his empire; the site is approximately 7 km northeast of Antakya, Hatay Province, Turkey. After the Battle of Ipsus, 301 BC, in","title":"Antigonia (Syria)"},{"docid":"2473045","text":"Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \"muwashshah\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \"muwashshah\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to be the ancestor of the European","title":"Music of Syria"},{"docid":"2473049","text":"well as oriental dance for women. Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \"muwashshah\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \"muwashshah\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to","title":"Music of Syria"},{"docid":"12715772","text":"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"docid":"3324426","text":"Institute of Archaeology. Arpad, Syria Arpad (probably modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo. It became the capital of the Aramaean state of Bit Agusi established by Gusi of Yakhan in the 9th century BC. Bit Agusi stretched from the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south. Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. In 743 BC, during the Urartu-Assyria War, the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III laid siege to Arpad following the defeat of the Urartuan army of Sarduri II at Samsat.","title":"Arpad, Syria"},{"docid":"3324423","text":"Arpad, Syria Arpad (probably modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo. It became the capital of the Aramaean state of Bit Agusi established by Gusi of Yakhan in the 9th century BC. Bit Agusi stretched from the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south. Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. In 743 BC, during the Urartu-Assyria War, the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III laid siege to Arpad following the defeat of the Urartuan army of Sarduri II at Samsat. But the city","title":"Arpad, Syria"},{"docid":"2536152","text":"also Qahtanite Ghassanids, who migrated to the area of Golantis in 4th century from what is today Yemen. Assyrians were still populating western Mesopotamia and indeed Mesopotamia as a whole, while nomad Arameans, Nabateans and Bedouins, were thriving in the south Syrian Desert. In Southern Levant, until about 200 CE, and despite the genocide of Jewish–Roman wars, Jews had formed a majority of the population. By the beginning of the Byzantine period (disestablishment of Syria-Palaestina), the Jews had become a minority and were living alongside Samaritans, pagan Greco-Syriacs and a large Syriac Christian community. Syria Palaestina Syria Palaestina was a","title":"Syria Palaestina"},{"docid":"20176748","text":"bishopric of Bosana (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Bosanen(sis) (Latin adjective). It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : Bosana (Syria) Bosana was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Arabia, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Bosana, on the site of modern Busan in present Syria, was important enough in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of capital Bostra in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch. None of its bishops was recorded at any council. However archaeological and epigraphic evidence","title":"Bosana (Syria)"},{"docid":"11665910","text":"the population. Also, Jehovah's Witnesses are discriminated against in the area of employment as their religion is banned as a \"politically motivated Zionist organization\". The April 2007 parliamentary elections for the Syrian Peoples Assembly saw an increase in the number of Islamic clerics elected to the Parliament from one in 2003 to three. The government promotes Islamic banking. In early 2007 two Islamic banks were allowed to conduct initial public offerings: The Cham Islamic Bank and the Syria International Islamic Bank. Syria is intolerant of, and suppresses, extremist and conservative forms of Islam. Accordingly, it selects what they believe to","title":"Freedom of religion in Syria"},{"docid":"18531891","text":"(1700 × 450 meters) was renewed under Justinian. Sura became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Hierapolis Euphratensis, the capital of the Roman province of Syria Euphratensis, as witnessed by a 6th-century \"Notitia Episcopatuum\". At the Council of Chalcedon in 451, metropolitan bishop Stephanus signed the acts also on behalf of Bishop Uranius of Sura. Bishop Marius of Sura was deposed in 518 for joining the Jacobites. No longer a residential bishopric, Sura is now listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Sura, Syria Sura (Suriya), was an ancient city on the Euphrates River","title":"Sura, Syria"},{"docid":"5280314","text":"emperor, as it had formerly done with its governor Vespasian —amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria, two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia, one [legion]. There is also the colony of Laodicea, in Coele Syria, to which also the divine Severus granted the Italian Law on account of its services in the Civil War. You may delineate the Promised Land of Moses from the Book of Numbers (ch. 34): as","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"docid":"7401950","text":"Antigonia (Syria) Antigonia () also transliterated as Antigonea and Antigoneia was a Hellenistic city in Seleucid Empire, Syria (in modern Turkey), on the Orontes, founded by Antigonus I Monophthalmus in 307 BC, and intended to be the capital of his empire; the site is approximately 7 km northeast of Antakya, Hatay Province, Turkey. After the Battle of Ipsus, 301 BC, in which Antigonus perished, the inhabitants of Antigonia were removed by his successful rival Seleucus I Nicator to the city of Antioch, which Seleucus founded a little lower down the river. (Strabo xvi. p. 750; Diod. xx. 47; Liban. Antioch.","title":"Antigonia (Syria)"},{"docid":"9406944","text":"\"we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him.\" Valentino points out that, \"I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College.\" Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: \"For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"18648145","text":"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, officially titled Charter of the Social Contract, is the provisional constitution of the self-proclaimed autonomous region of Syria known as the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS). It was adopted on 29 January 2014, when the Democratic Union Party (PYD), claiming to represent the DFNS population, declared the three DFNS regions it controls autonomous from the Syrian government. Article 12 states the DFNS remains an \"integral part of Syria\", tentatively implementing an expected future federal Syrian governance in Northern Syria. The constitution has","title":"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria"},{"docid":"6485736","text":"Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1924, a federation of Christian and Muslim associations from Lebanon and Syria became member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). In the 1930s and","title":"Scouts of Syria"},{"docid":"8361576","text":"Terrorism in Syria Terrorism is defined as political violence in an asymmetrical conflict .The same Terrorism in Syria has a long history dating from the Islamist Uprising in the early 80s and to the ongoing Syrian Civil War which witnessed the rise of radical Islamist groups such as ISIL, al-Nusra and other al-Qaeda affiliated groups. Currently around 10% of the country is controlled by radical rebel groups and around 6% is held by ISIL. From 1976 to 1982, Sunni Islamists fought the secular Ba'ath Party-controlled government of Syria in what has been called \"long campaign of terror\". Islamists attacked both","title":"Terrorism in Syria"},{"docid":"8970090","text":"of Maysalun. French troops occupied Syria later that year after the San Remo conference proposed that the League of Nations put Syria under a French mandate. General Gouraud had according to his secretary de Caix two options: \"Either build a Syrian nation that does not exist... by smoothing the rifts which still divide it\" or \"cultivate and maintain all the phenomena, which require our abitration that these divisions give\". De Caix added \"I must say only the second option interests me\". This is what Gouraud did. In 1925, Sultan al-Atrash led a revolt that broke out in the Druze Mountain","title":"Syria"},{"docid":"6485741","text":"but the local variant is \"Wa-a-iddoo\" (). The noun for a single Scout is \"Kashaf\" (). Syrian Scouts have a national training center at Zabadani, where the first Arab Jamboree was held in 1954. Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country","title":"Scouts of Syria"},{"docid":"11248075","text":"Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary \"Here Is What Is\" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and","title":"Here Is What Is"},{"docid":"8999998","text":"effort; King Hussein, however, did warn Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir of what Egypt and Syria were planning. In 1976 Jordan was the only Arab country to support the Syrian invasion and subsequent role in Lebanon. However, another break between Syria and Jordan occurred in 1977, following Jordan's tacit support for Egyptian President Sadat's peace initiative. During this period Syria charged Jordan with harboring members of the Muslim Brotherhood, who had escaped from Syria. This charge led to new tension in December 1980, with military forces of both sides deployed along the border. As a counterweight to Syria, Jordan improved","title":"Jordan–Syria relations"},{"docid":"16077329","text":"of international law and sovereignty rules.\" The Spanish UN Ambassador Inocencio Arias called it an attack of \"extreme gravity\" and \"a clear violation of international law.\" The United States Congress passed the Syria Accountability Act in December 2003, with the goal of ending what the U.S. sees as Syrian involvement in Lebanon, Iraq, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction through international sanctions. Ethnic tensions increased in Syria, following an incident in a football stadium in Al Qamishli, 30 people were killed and more than 160 were injured in days of clashes starting from 12 March. Kurdish sources indicated that Syrian","title":"Modern history of Syria"},{"docid":"11616302","text":"Most Jews now living in the Arab World belong to communities dating back to Biblical times or originating as colonies of refugees fleeing the Spanish Inquisition. In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies. The government treats the Jews as a religious community and not as","title":"Religion in Syria"},{"docid":"17071892","text":"land from the Israeli-occupied Golan, Egyptian-Syrian relations have become strained due to Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat's peace treaty with Israel in the Camp David Accords. Hafez al-Assad severed all relations with Egypt after the signing of the peace deal, and diplomatic relations were not re-established until 2005, when Egypt once again enjoyed warm relations with Syria under the rule of Bashar al-Assad. However, after the Arab Spring and the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, relations became extremely strained. The Muslim Brotherhood is a banned organisation and its membership is a capital offence in Syria. Egypt severed all relations with the","title":"Egypt–Syria relations"},{"docid":"11822436","text":"and he welcomed them as he would welcome Christ, building them cells with his own hands. Saint Thalassius, Hermit of Syria is said to have died peacefully and is commemorated 22 February by the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches. Thalassius of Syria Saint Thalassius of Syria undertook the call of God to life as a hermit in the fifth century. Thalassius is recorded to have entered into solitude at a young age near a village named Targala in Byzantine Syria. He is said to have dwelt there living the ascetic life with no shelter for nearly forty years. Thalassius'","title":"Thalassius of Syria"},{"docid":"2731681","text":"Hashemite prince Faisal attempted to establish such a Greater Syrian or pan-Mashriq state—a united kingdom that would comprise all of what eventually became Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Palestine, but he was stymied by conflicting promises made by the British to different parties (see Sykes–Picot Agreement), leading to the French creation of the mandate of Syria and Lebanon in 1920. According to the Minutes of the Ninth Session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission, held in 1926, \"Southern Syria\" was suggested by some as the name of Mandatory Palestine in the Arabic language. The reports say the following:","title":"Southern Syria"},{"docid":"10748517","text":"Name of Syria The name Syria is latinized from the (Greek ). Herodotus used it loosely to refer to Cappadocia. In Greek usage, \"Suría\" and \"Assuría\" were used almost interchangeably, but in the Roman Empire, Syria and Assyria came to be used as distinct geographical terms. \"Syria\" in the Roman Empire period referred to the region of Syria (the western Levant, \"those parts of the Empire situated between Asia Minor and Egypt\"), while Asōristān was part of the Sasanian Empire and only very briefly came under Roman control (AD 116–118, marking the historical peak of Roman expansion). Etymologically, the name","title":"Name of Syria"},{"docid":"11756551","text":"and expelled from the country for their reporting. Reporters Without Borders ranked Syria 173rd out of 178 countries in the world on the Press Freedom Index in October 2010. On the Press Freedom Barometer for 2013, the organization reports that 5 journalists have been killed, 21 journalists, 1 media assistant, and 18 netizens have been imprisoned. Joseph Daher Syria, the uprising and the media scene, \"OpenDemocracy\" 26 October 2017 Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available","title":"Media of Syria"},{"docid":"382845","text":"Syria. According to estimates Syria has around 1,700 million tons of phosphate reserves. Production dropped sharply in the early 1990s when world demand and prices fell, but output has since increased to more than 2.4 million tons. Syria produced about 1.9% of the world's phosphate rock output and was the world's ninth ranked producer of phosphate rock in 2009. Other major minerals produced in Syria include cement, gypsum, industrial sand (silica), marble, natural crude asphalt, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, salt, steel, and volcanic tuff, which generally are not produced for export. Syria is a relatively small oil producer, accounting for","title":"Economy of Syria"},{"docid":"17913406","text":"If London Were Syria If London Were Syria, titled on YouTube \"Most Shocking Second a Day Video\", is a short film commercial (the YouTube video is 93 seconds) created by Don't Panic London for Save The Children UK, marking the third anniversary of the Syrian Civil War. It features a young British girl experiencing the effects of a hypothetical civil war on the streets of London. Everything depicted in the video was based on the factual accounts of children in Syria. The video's purpose is to depict what life is like for kids as war erupts in their country, in","title":"If London Were Syria"},{"docid":"18897940","text":"Wildlife of Syria The wildlife of Syria is the flora and fauna of Syria, a country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Besides its coastline, the country has a coastal plain, mountain ranges in the west, a semi-arid steppe area in the centre occupying most of the country, and a desert area in the east. Each of these zones has its own characteristic animals and plants. Syria is located in the Middle East at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Lebanon and Israel to the west, Jordan to the","title":"Wildlife of Syria"},{"docid":"382783","text":"lake in Syria. The highest point in Syria is Mount Hermon (2,814 m; 9,232 ft) on the Lebanese border. Between the humid Mediterranean coast and the arid desert regions lies a semiarid steep zone extending across three-quarters of the country, which receives hot, dry winds blowing across the desert. Syria is extensively depleted, with 28 percent of the land arable, 4 percent dedicated to permanent crops, 46 percent utilized as meadows and pastures, and only 3 percent forest and woodland. Syria is divided into fourteen governorates, or \"muhafazat\" (singular: \"muhafazah\"). The governorates are divided into a total of sixty districts,","title":"Geography of Syria"},{"docid":"16626742","text":"First Couple present within the 'Syria Files.' What is revealed is only a façade, or perhaps fittingly, a brand calculated to cloak another system: the military-security machine, which remains as of yet tightly in control and far from prying eyes.\" Syria Files examined by \"Al Akhbar\" show that after businessman Rami Makhlouf publicly claimed to respond to protestors' demands by \"repenting\" from business, selling shares and investing his money and time in charity and development projects, he continued to invest in several banks during 2011 and 2012. In late January 2012, he bought about 15 times as much shares (by","title":"Syria Files"},{"docid":"2536139","text":"the Third Mithridatic War, following the defeat of Armenian King Tigranes the Great. Following the partition of the Herodian kingdom into tetrarchies in 6 CE, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis. The Roman province of Judea incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, and extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after Herod Archelaus's Tetrarchy of Judea, but the Roman province encompassed a much larger territory. The capital of Roman Syria was established in Antioch from the very beginning of","title":"Syria Palaestina"},{"docid":"20176747","text":"Bosana (Syria) Bosana was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Arabia, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Bosana, on the site of modern Busan in present Syria, was important enough in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of capital Bostra in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch. None of its bishops was recorded at any council. However archaeological and epigraphic evidence accounts for a single of its bishops : Menas (floruit 573). It probably faded at the seventh century advent of Islam. The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Titular","title":"Bosana (Syria)"},{"docid":"5280304","text":"during the Roman Period c.350 CE, Eunapius wrote that the capital of Coele-Syria was the Seleucid city of Antioch, north of the Eleutherus. According to Polybius, a former officer of the Ptolemaic Empire named Ptolemy Thrasea, having fought in the 217 BCE Battle of Raphia, defected to the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great. Antiochus gave him the title \"Strategos and Archiereus of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia\". Some scholars speculate that this title may have been used previously by the Ptolemies, but no direct evidence exists to support this. The region was disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty","title":"Coele-Syria"},{"docid":"15509488","text":"(What Is) Love? \"(What Is) Love?\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \"What Is Love?\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \"The Back-up Plan\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. The song was later included on Lopez's seventh studio album \"Love?\" (2011), as the album's title track. \"(What Is) Love?\" is a midtempo electropop song written by Diana \"Wynter\" Gordon, with the song's producer Emile \"D'Mile\" Dernst II. The song is about \"not knowing what love is,\" according to Gordon. A remix of \"(What Is) Love?\", entitled \"What Is Love? Part II\", was","title":"(What Is) Love?"},{"docid":"18356788","text":"throne, killing Philip and emerging as the new emperor. During the Roman-Sasanian war of the 3d century, the Romans, struggling in the early stages of the Crisis of the Third Century depended on Odaenathus, the King of the Syrian city-state of Palmyra to secure the Roman East from the Persian invaders and to regain lost Roman territories, so Odaenathus rode north leading the Palmyrene army, and regained Armenia, Northern Syria, parts of Asia Minor from the Persians, and even reached the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, thus weakening the Persians and securing the Roman East, before he was murdered by his","title":"History of Syria"},{"docid":"17536318","text":"think it is their problem.\" According to Ricks, \"the American system is founded on the belief that the people do indeed know what is best for them. So I conclude that Power's argument is itself yet another reason not to intervene in Syria -- if we have to erode our system to do it, it certainly is not worth it.\" There was immediate speculation by \"The New York Times\" that Obama would fail to get approval from Congress for intervention in Syria as soon as he announced that he would seek such approval. It called it \"one of the riskiest","title":"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons"},{"docid":"18897949","text":"the great bustard. Rare visiting species include the corn crake, Dalmatian pelican, white-headed duck and eastern imperial eagle. Wildlife of Syria The wildlife of Syria is the flora and fauna of Syria, a country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Besides its coastline, the country has a coastal plain, mountain ranges in the west, a semi-arid steppe area in the centre occupying most of the country, and a desert area in the east. Each of these zones has its own characteristic animals and plants. Syria is located in the Middle East at the eastern end of the Mediterranean","title":"Wildlife of Syria"},{"docid":"19382927","text":"Federalization of Syria The partition or federalization of Syria is a scenario to end the Syrian Civil War. In the broadest sense, it means turning the centralized Syrian Arab Republic into a federal republic with autonomous subdivisions. Many powers and actors involved in the Syrian Civil War have entertained the idea of \"federal division\", not least among them Russia, United Nations representatives, and the United States. President Bashar al-Assad has not ruled out the possibility of a federal democratic state of Syria. In particular, Turkey is strongly hostile towards the idea of a federalization of Syria because it fears possible","title":"Federalization of Syria"},{"docid":"11248076","text":"some of the tracks (\"Beauty\" and \"Chest of Drawers\") are conversations with Brian Eno. All songs written by Daniel Lanois unless otherwise noted. \"Where Will I Be\" is a new version of a song which had been previously released on Emmylou Harris' album \"Wrecking Ball\" in 1995. \"Lovechild\" and \"Sacred And Secular\" tracks incorporates, respectively, the pedal steel guitar melody used in \"Carla\", on Belladonna album, and the pedal steel guitar melody used in \"Transmitter\", on Shine album. Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It","title":"Here Is What Is"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"16718783\",\n \"text\": \"Capital punishment in Syria Capital punishment is legal in Syria. Current laws allow the death penalty for treason; espionage; murder; arson resulting in death; attempting a death-eligible crime; recidivism for a felony punishable by forced labor for life; political acts and military offences such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy, insubordination, rebellion and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robbery; terrorism; subjecting a person to torture or barbaric treatment during the commission of gang-robbery; rape; membership in the Muslim Brotherhood; joining the Islamic\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16718784\",\n \"text\": \"State of Iraq and the Levant; drug trafficking; political dissidence and falsification of material evidence resulting in a third party being convicted for a drug offense and sentenced to death. Executions are carried out by hanging in public. Capital punishment in Syria Capital punishment is legal in Syria. Current laws allow the death penalty for treason; espionage; murder; arson resulting in death; attempting a death-eligible crime; recidivism for a felony punishable by forced labor for life; political acts and military offences such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the\",\n \"title\": \"Capital punishment in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356790\",\n \"text\": \"and rode to Palmyra to reconquer it and subsequently sacked it around 273 AD, which effectively put an end to Palmyrene civilization. With the decline of the empire in the west, Syria became part of the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire in 395. The province was subsequently divided into three, smaller provinces. Syria Prima, with the capital remaining at Antioch, and Syria Secunda, with its capital moving to Apamea on the Orontes, and the new province of Theodorias, with Laodice as its capital. Syria remained one of the most important regions of the Byzantine Empire, and was of strategic importance,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356769\",\n \"text\": \"History of Syria The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in Syria (region). The present Syrian Arab Republic spans territory which was first unified in the 10th century BCE under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the capital of which was the city of Ashur, from which the name \\\"Syria\\\" most likely derives. This territory was then conquered by various rulers, and settled in by different peoples. Syria is considered to have emerged as an independent country for the first time on 24 October 1945, upon the signing of\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5172084\",\n \"text\": \"341), the province of \\\"Euphratensis\\\" was created out of the territory of \\\"Syria Coele\\\" along the western bank of the Euphrates and the former realm of Commagene, with Hierapolis as its capital. After c. 415 \\\"Syria Coele\\\" was further subdivided into \\\"Syria I\\\" (or \\\"Syria Prima\\\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \\\"Syria II\\\" (\\\"Syria Secunda\\\") or \\\"Syria Salutaris\\\", with capital at Apamea on the Orontes. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province \\\"Theodorias\\\" out of territory from both provinces. The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire. It was occupied\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13426054\",\n \"text\": \"Syria Prima Syria I or Syria Prima (\\\"First Syria\\\", in , \\\"Prote Syria\\\") was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Coele-Syria. The province survived until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s. After c. 415 \\\"Syria Coele\\\" was further subdivided into \\\"Syria I\\\" (or \\\"Syria Prima\\\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \\\"Syria II\\\" (\\\"Syria Secunda\\\") or \\\"Syria Salutaris\\\", with capital at Apamea on the Orontes. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province \\\"Theodorias\\\" out of territory from both provinces. The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire.\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Prima\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13426055\",\n \"text\": \"It was occupied by the Sassanids between 609 and 628, then recovered by the emperor Heraclius, but lost again to the advancing Muslims after the battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch. Syria Prima Syria I or Syria Prima (\\\"First Syria\\\", in , \\\"Prote Syria\\\") was a Byzantine province, formed c. 415 out of Coele-Syria. The province survived until the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s. After c. 415 \\\"Syria Coele\\\" was further subdivided into \\\"Syria I\\\" (or \\\"Syria Prima\\\"), with the capital remaining at Antioch, and \\\"Syria II\\\" (\\\"Syria Secunda\\\") or \\\"Syria Salutaris\\\", with capital at Apamea\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Prima\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17324893\",\n \"text\": \"Syria proper (Coele-Syria) and Phoenice. Sometime between 330 and 350 (likely c. 341), the province of \\\"Euphratensis\\\" was created out of the territory of Syria Coele and the former realm of Commagene, with Hierapolis as its capital. After c. 415 Syria Coele was further subdivided into Syria I, with the capital remaining at Antioch, and Syria II or Salutaris, with capital at Apamea on the Orontes River. In 528, Justinian I carved out the small coastal province Theodorias out of territory from both provinces. The region was annexed to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Muslim victory over the Byzantine Empire\",\n \"title\": \"Syria (region)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11756542\",\n \"text\": \"Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available in English and French. While television is the most popular medium in Syria, the Internet has become a widely utilized vehicle to disseminate content. Transcending all available media, the government seeks to control what Syrians see by restricting coverage from outside sources. Publications and broadcasts are monitored by members of the government. Syria is ranked as one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. There were\",\n \"title\": \"Media of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5172081\",\n \"text\": \"with its governor Vespasian) amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria, two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia, one legion. The emperor Septimius Severus divided up Roman Syria in the fashion it would remain until the rule of the Tetrarchs. Under his reign it was divided into three parts, Coele Syria in the north with Antioch as its provincial capital, Syria Phoenice with Tyre as the provincial capital and in the\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5280316\",\n \"text\": \"and Lake Kinneret, now called Tiberias, and then the Jordan River which discharges into the salt sea, now called the Dead Sea. Libanius (died 392 CE) was born at Antioch, the capital of Coele Syria as it is called. This city was founded by Seleucus surnamed Nicator. Coele-Syria Coele-Syria, Coele Syria, Coelesyria (, \\\"Koílē Syría\\\"), also rendered as Coelosyria and Celesyria, otherwise Hollow Syria (, ), was a region of Syria in classical antiquity. It probably derived from the Aramaic for \\\"all\\\" of the region of Syria but more often was applied to the Beqaa Valley between the Lebanon and\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3198400\",\n \"text\": \"as village chiefs, clan leaders, and councils of elders. Capital Governorates of Syria Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces in English (Arabic \\\"muḥāfaẓāt\\\", singular \\\"muḥāfaẓah\\\"). The governorates are divided into sixty districts (\\\"manāṭiq\\\", singular \\\"minṭaqah\\\"), which are further divided into subdistricts (\\\"nawāḥī\\\", singular \\\"nāḥiyah\\\"). The \\\"nawāḥī\\\" contain villages, which are the smallest administrative units. Each governorate is headed by a governor, appointed by the president, subject to cabinet approval. The governor is responsible for administration, health, social services, education, tourism, public works, transportation, domestic trade, agriculture, industry, civil\",\n \"title\": \"Governorates of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8946589\",\n \"text\": \"under the Patriarch of Antioch. The most important bishops were: Laodicea in Syria Laodicea was a port city and an important colonia of the Roman empire in ancient Syria, located near the modern city of Latakia. It was also called Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad mare. For a short period of time under Septimius Severus, it became the capital of Roman Syria, and subsequently, it became the capital of the Eastern Roman province of Theodorias from 528 AD until 637 AD. The Phoenician city of Ramitha was located in the coastal area where it is the modern port of\",\n \"title\": \"Laodicea in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8946584\",\n \"text\": \"Laodicea in Syria Laodicea was a port city and an important colonia of the Roman empire in ancient Syria, located near the modern city of Latakia. It was also called Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad mare. For a short period of time under Septimius Severus, it became the capital of Roman Syria, and subsequently, it became the capital of the Eastern Roman province of Theodorias from 528 AD until 637 AD. The Phoenician city of Ramitha was located in the coastal area where it is the modern port of Latakia, known to the Greeks as Leukê Aktê or \\\"white\",\n \"title\": \"Laodicea in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356780\",\n \"text\": \"Issus which took place south of the ancient town Issus, close to the present-day Turkish town of Iskenderun. Syria was then incorporated into the Seleucid Empire by general Seleucus who started, with the Seleucid Kings after him, using the title of \\\"King of Syria\\\". The capital of this Empire (founded in 312 BCE) was situated at Antioch, then a part of historical Syria, but just inside the Turkish border today as well. A series of six wars, Syrian Wars, were fought between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356793\",\n \"text\": \"who moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic — made official under Umayyad rule — became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic in the Abbasid era. For periods, Syria was ruled from Egypt, under the Tulunids (887-905), and then, after a period of anarchy, the Ikhshidids (941-969). Northern Syria came under the Hamdanids of Aleppo. The court of Ali Saif al-Daula, 'Sword of the State,' (944-967) was a center of culture, thanks to its nurturing of Arabic literature. He resisted Byzantine efforts to reconquer Syria by skillful defensive tactics and counter-raids into Anatolia. After his death, the Byzantines\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356782\",\n \"text\": \"offered him the crown of Syria. The Roman general Pompey the Great captured Antioch in 64 BCE, turning Syria into a Roman province and ended Armenian rule, establishing the city of Antioch as its capital. Antioch was the third largest city in the Roman Empire, after Rome and Alexandria, with an estimated population of 500,000 at its zenith, and being a commercial and cultural hub at the region for many centuries later. The largely Aramaic speaking population of Syria during the heyday of the empire was probably not exceeded again until the 19th century. Syria's large and prosperous population made\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11756549\",\n \"text\": \"license from the Ministry of Information. In 2011 the state of emergency was lifted. This seems to have had no effect what-so-ever on the way the government conducted itself regarding the media, with Syria's ranking actually worsening the following year with journalistic organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists, and Reporters Without Borders both ranking Syria as one of the top four most repressive countries in the world. There are over 5 million Internet users in Syria. Reporters Without Borders lists Syria as an “internet enemy” due to high levels of censorship. The Internet is controlled by the Syrian\",\n \"title\": \"Media of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382840\",\n \"text\": \"exchange for a one time payment of $150 million. Agriculture is a high priority in Syria's economic development plans, as the government seeks to achieve food self-sufficiency, increase export earnings, and halt rural out-migration. Thanks to sustained capital investment, infrastructure development, subsidies of inputs, and price supports, Syria has gone from a net importer of many agricultural products to an exporter of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and other foodstuffs. One of the prime reasons for this turnaround has been the government's investment in huge irrigation systems in northern and northeastern Syria. The agriculture sector, as of 2009, employs about 17% of\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382847\",\n \"text\": \"GW generated by hydroelectric power. A network totaling 45 GW linking the electric power grids of Syria, Egypt, and Jordan was completed in March 2001. Syria's electric supply capacity is an important national priority, and the government hopes to add 3,000 megawatts of power generating capacity by 2010 at a probable cost of US$2 billion, but progress has been slowed by a lack of investment capital. Power plants in Syria are undergoing intensive maintenance, and four new generating plants have been built. The power distribution network has serious problems, with transmission losses estimated as high as 25 percent of total\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19213441\",\n \"text\": \"is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the intermediary (archiepiscopal) rank : Gabula (Syria) Gabula was an Ancient city and former bishopric in Roman Syria, and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Its modern location is presumed at the marsh of al-Jabbul (Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Djebbul, Djabbul) in present Syria. Gabula was important enough in the Roman province of Syria Prima to be a Metropolitan Archdiocese in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch (the provincial capital Antioch on the Orontes), but was to fade, presumably at the advent of Islam. It has had two historically documented\",\n \"title\": \"Gabula (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19213440\",\n \"text\": \"Gabula (Syria) Gabula was an Ancient city and former bishopric in Roman Syria, and remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Its modern location is presumed at the marsh of al-Jabbul (Sabkhat al-Jabbul, Djebbul, Djabbul) in present Syria. Gabula was important enough in the Roman province of Syria Prima to be a Metropolitan Archdiocese in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch (the provincial capital Antioch on the Orontes), but was to fade, presumably at the advent of Islam. It has had two historically documented incumbents : The diocese was nominally restored in 1929 as a Latin Catholic titular archbishopric. It\",\n \"title\": \"Gabula (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8970073\",\n \"text\": \"rode to Syria, captured Antioch, its capital, and turned Syria into a Roman province in 64 BC, thus ending the Armenian control over the region which had lasted two decades. Syria prospered under Roman rule, being strategically located on the silk road which gave it massive wealth and importance, making it the battleground for the rivaling Romans and Persians. Palmyra, a rich and sometimes powerful native Aramaic-speaking kingdom arose in northern Syria in the 2nd century; the Palmyrene established a trade network that made the city one of the richest in the Roman empire. Eventually, in the late 3rd century\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5280312\",\n \"text\": \"describes as including from west to east; Commagene, Sophene, and Adiabene. In Pliny's time, Syria was administratively divided into a number of provinces with various degrees of autonomy under the Roman Empire, such as the Ityraei or Ituraei, who were a people of Coelo-Syria famous for shooting with a bow, [The wood of the trees called] \\\"yews are bent into Ituraean bows\\\". The Decapolis was so called from its ten cities enumerated by Pliny. And it should be noted, that what \\\"Pliny\\\" calls \\\"Decapolis\\\", \\\"Ptolomy\\\" makes his \\\"Cœle-Syria\\\"; and the \\\"Cœle-Syria\\\" of \\\"Pliny\\\", is that part of \\\"Syria\\\" about \\\"Aleppo\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5172082\",\n \"text\": \"south Syria Palestina with Caesarea Maritima as the provincial capital. From the later 2nd century, the Roman Senate included several notable Syrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis of the Third Century. In 244 AD, Rome was ruled by a native Syrian from Philippopolis (modern day Shahba) in the province of Arabia Petraea. The emperor was Marcus Iulius Philippus, more commonly known as Philip the Arab. Philip became the 33rd emperor of Rome upon its millennial celebration. Roman Syria was invaded in 252/253 (the date is disputed) after a Roman field\",\n \"title\": \"Roman Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8970081\",\n \"text\": \"moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. Arabic – made official under Umayyad rule – became the dominant language, replacing Greek and Aramaic of the Byzantine era. In 887, the Egypt-based Tulunids annexed Syria from the Abbasids, and were later replaced by once the Egypt-based Ikhshidids and still later by the Hamdanids originating in Aleppo founded by Sayf al-Dawla. Sections of Syria were held by French, English, Italian and German overlords between 1098 and 1189 AD during the Crusades and were known collectively as the Crusader states among which the primary one in Syria was the Principality of Antioch. The\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8970071\",\n \"text\": \"Greek Macedonian Empire, ruled by Alexander the Great circa 330 BC, and consequently became Coele-Syria province of the Greek Seleucid Empire (323 BC – 64 BC), with the Seleucid kings styling themselves 'King of Syria' and the city of Antioch being its capital starting from 240. Thus, it was the Greeks who introduced the name \\\"Syria\\\" to the region. Originally an Indo-European corruption of \\\"Assyria\\\" in northern Mesopotamia, the Greeks used this term to describe not only Assyria itself but also the lands to the west which had for centuries been under Assyrian dominion. Thus in the Greco-Roman world both\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2536143\",\n \"text\": \"Philistia (Palestine), combining it with that of the neighboring province of Syria, in an attempt to suppress Jewish connection to the land, although the actual Philistines from which the name derives had disappeared from history during the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC). The city of Aelia Capitolina was built by the emperor Hadrian on the ruins of Jerusalem. The capital of the enlarged province remained in Antiochia. In 193, the province of Syria-Coele was split from Syria Palaestina. In the 3rd century, Syrians even reached for imperial power, with the Severan dynasty. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Palaestina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19856385\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabis in Syria Cannabis in Syria is illegal. Under the policies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, many cannabis offences, from simple use to trafficking, reportedly often carried a sentence of life imprisonment. Under President Shukri al-Quwatli (1943–1949), the cultivating of cannabis was banned in Syria, though authorities noted they had little ability to prevent the Druze of the Jabal al-Druze region from producing hashish. In 1993, Syria enacted Law No. 2 which authorizes punishment, up to and including capital punishment, for the manufacture, transporting, and sale of narcotics. As the country has become destabilised as a result of civil\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7274028\",\n \"text\": \"of disadvantaged backgrounds are the ones that benefit the most from early childhood programs by developing basic skills necessary for employment thereby moving them out of abject poverty. Currently, most of the Early Childhood Care and Education services in Syria are delivered through private kindergartens and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) based in urban areas. Despite increasing quantity of human capital through increasing access to education at all levels, the improvement of quality of the education and training system and consequently the quality of human capital is another challenge that Government of Syria needs to address. Weak growth in labor productivity over\",\n \"title\": \"Education in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12715771\",\n \"text\": \"The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \\\"A Bend in the River\\\". \\\"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\\\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7358577\",\n \"text\": \"Apamea, Syria Apamea (, \\\"Apameia\\\"; , \\\"Afamia\\\"), on the right bank of the Orontes River, was an ancient Greek and Roman city. It was the capital of Apamene under the Macedonians, became the capital and Metropolitan Archbishopric of late Roman province Syria Secunda, again in the crusader time and since the 20th century a quadruple Catholic titular see. Amongst the impressive ancient remains, the site includes the Great Colonnade which ran for nearly making it among the longest in the Roman world and the Roman Theatre, one of the largest surviving theatres of the Roman Empire with an estimated seating\",\n \"title\": \"Apamea, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17379015\",\n \"text\": \"of Syria. It is unclear precisely what titles he held; Broughton suggests that he was one of Caesar's military tribunes in 49, then quaestor in 48; in Syria he may have been Caesar's legate, or perhaps proquaestor \\\"pro praetore\\\"; in either case he was governor of Syria. At this time, Quintus Caecilius Bassus, one of Pompeius' lieutenants, who had fled to Tyre after the Battle of Pharsalus, endeavoured to gain the support of some of Sextus' soldiers. When the governor discovered his activity, Bassus gave the excuse that he was collecting troops to assist Mithridates of Pergamon. Bassus then spread\",\n \"title\": \"Sextus Julius Caesar (governor of Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7401951\",\n \"text\": \"p. 349; Malalas, p. 256.) Diodorus erroneously says that the inhabitants were removed to Seleucia Pieria. Antigonia continued, however, to exist, and is mentioned in the war with the Parthians after the defeat of Crassus. (Dion Cass. xl. 29.) Antigonia (Syria) Antigonia () also transliterated as Antigonea and Antigoneia was a Hellenistic city in Seleucid Empire, Syria (in modern Turkey), on the Orontes, founded by Antigonus I Monophthalmus in 307 BC, and intended to be the capital of his empire; the site is approximately 7 km northeast of Antakya, Hatay Province, Turkey. After the Battle of Ipsus, 301 BC, in\",\n \"title\": \"Antigonia (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2473045\",\n \"text\": \"Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \\\"muwashshah\\\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \\\"muwashshah\\\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to be the ancestor of the European\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2473049\",\n \"text\": \"well as oriental dance for women. Music of Syria The music of Syria may refer to musical traditions and practices in modern-day Syria (as opposed to Greater Syria), merging the habits of people who settled in Syria throughout its history. Syria was long one of the Arab world's centers for musical innovation in the field of classical Arab music; for example, the city of Aleppo is known for its \\\"muwashshah\\\" music, which was specially conceived to accompany Andalusian \\\"muwashshah\\\" poetry. Folk music of Syria is for the most part based on the oud, which is a stringed instrument considered to\",\n \"title\": \"Music of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12715772\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\" as one of the \\\"Times\\\"' \\\"10 Best Books of 2008\\\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3324426\",\n \"text\": \"Institute of Archaeology. Arpad, Syria Arpad (probably modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo. It became the capital of the Aramaean state of Bit Agusi established by Gusi of Yakhan in the 9th century BC. Bit Agusi stretched from the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south. Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. In 743 BC, during the Urartu-Assyria War, the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III laid siege to Arpad following the defeat of the Urartuan army of Sarduri II at Samsat.\",\n \"title\": \"Arpad, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3324423\",\n \"text\": \"Arpad, Syria Arpad (probably modern Tell Rifaat, Syria) was an ancient Aramaean Syro-Hittite city located in north-western Syria, north of Aleppo. It became the capital of the Aramaean state of Bit Agusi established by Gusi of Yakhan in the 9th century BC. Bit Agusi stretched from the A'zaz area in the north to Hamath in the south. Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. In 743 BC, during the Urartu-Assyria War, the Neo-Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III laid siege to Arpad following the defeat of the Urartuan army of Sarduri II at Samsat. But the city\",\n \"title\": \"Arpad, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2536152\",\n \"text\": \"also Qahtanite Ghassanids, who migrated to the area of Golantis in 4th century from what is today Yemen. Assyrians were still populating western Mesopotamia and indeed Mesopotamia as a whole, while nomad Arameans, Nabateans and Bedouins, were thriving in the south Syrian Desert. In Southern Levant, until about 200 CE, and despite the genocide of Jewish–Roman wars, Jews had formed a majority of the population. By the beginning of the Byzantine period (disestablishment of Syria-Palaestina), the Jews had become a minority and were living alongside Samaritans, pagan Greco-Syriacs and a large Syriac Christian community. Syria Palaestina Syria Palaestina was a\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Palaestina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20176748\",\n \"text\": \"bishopric of Bosana (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Bosanen(sis) (Latin adjective). It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : Bosana (Syria) Bosana was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Arabia, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Bosana, on the site of modern Busan in present Syria, was important enough in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of capital Bostra in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch. None of its bishops was recorded at any council. However archaeological and epigraphic evidence\",\n \"title\": \"Bosana (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11665910\",\n \"text\": \"the population. Also, Jehovah's Witnesses are discriminated against in the area of employment as their religion is banned as a \\\"politically motivated Zionist organization\\\". The April 2007 parliamentary elections for the Syrian Peoples Assembly saw an increase in the number of Islamic clerics elected to the Parliament from one in 2003 to three. The government promotes Islamic banking. In early 2007 two Islamic banks were allowed to conduct initial public offerings: The Cham Islamic Bank and the Syria International Islamic Bank. Syria is intolerant of, and suppresses, extremist and conservative forms of Islam. Accordingly, it selects what they believe to\",\n \"title\": \"Freedom of religion in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18531891\",\n \"text\": \"(1700 × 450 meters) was renewed under Justinian. Sura became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Hierapolis Euphratensis, the capital of the Roman province of Syria Euphratensis, as witnessed by a 6th-century \\\"Notitia Episcopatuum\\\". At the Council of Chalcedon in 451, metropolitan bishop Stephanus signed the acts also on behalf of Bishop Uranius of Sura. Bishop Marius of Sura was deposed in 518 for joining the Jacobites. No longer a residential bishopric, Sura is now listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Sura, Syria Sura (Suriya), was an ancient city on the Euphrates River\",\n \"title\": \"Sura, Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5280314\",\n \"text\": \"emperor, as it had formerly done with its governor Vespasian —amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria, two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia, one [legion]. There is also the colony of Laodicea, in Coele Syria, to which also the divine Severus granted the Italian Law on account of its services in the Civil War. You may delineate the Promised Land of Moses from the Book of Numbers (ch. 34): as\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7401950\",\n \"text\": \"Antigonia (Syria) Antigonia () also transliterated as Antigonea and Antigoneia was a Hellenistic city in Seleucid Empire, Syria (in modern Turkey), on the Orontes, founded by Antigonus I Monophthalmus in 307 BC, and intended to be the capital of his empire; the site is approximately 7 km northeast of Antakya, Hatay Province, Turkey. After the Battle of Ipsus, 301 BC, in which Antigonus perished, the inhabitants of Antigonia were removed by his successful rival Seleucus I Nicator to the city of Antioch, which Seleucus founded a little lower down the river. (Strabo xvi. p. 750; Diod. xx. 47; Liban. Antioch.\",\n \"title\": \"Antigonia (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406944\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"we really hadn’t decided whether I was just helping Valentino write his own book, or if I was writing a book about him.\\\" Valentino points out that, \\\"I thought I might want to write my own book, but I learned that I was not ready to do this. I was still taking classes in basic writing at Georgia Perimeter College.\\\" Dave Eggers discusses the difficulties in writing a book of this nature: \\\"For a long while there, we continued doing interviews, and I gathered the material. But all along, I really didn’t know exactly what form it would finally take—whether\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18648145\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria The Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, officially titled Charter of the Social Contract, is the provisional constitution of the self-proclaimed autonomous region of Syria known as the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS). It was adopted on 29 January 2014, when the Democratic Union Party (PYD), claiming to represent the DFNS population, declared the three DFNS regions it controls autonomous from the Syrian government. Article 12 states the DFNS remains an \\\"integral part of Syria\\\", tentatively implementing an expected future federal Syrian governance in Northern Syria. The constitution has\",\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6485736\",\n \"text\": \"Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country was part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1924, a federation of Christian and Muslim associations from Lebanon and Syria became member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM). In the 1930s and\",\n \"title\": \"Scouts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8361576\",\n \"text\": \"Terrorism in Syria Terrorism is defined as political violence in an asymmetrical conflict .The same Terrorism in Syria has a long history dating from the Islamist Uprising in the early 80s and to the ongoing Syrian Civil War which witnessed the rise of radical Islamist groups such as ISIL, al-Nusra and other al-Qaeda affiliated groups. Currently around 10% of the country is controlled by radical rebel groups and around 6% is held by ISIL. From 1976 to 1982, Sunni Islamists fought the secular Ba'ath Party-controlled government of Syria in what has been called \\\"long campaign of terror\\\". Islamists attacked both\",\n \"title\": \"Terrorism in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8970090\",\n \"text\": \"of Maysalun. French troops occupied Syria later that year after the San Remo conference proposed that the League of Nations put Syria under a French mandate. General Gouraud had according to his secretary de Caix two options: \\\"Either build a Syrian nation that does not exist... by smoothing the rifts which still divide it\\\" or \\\"cultivate and maintain all the phenomena, which require our abitration that these divisions give\\\". De Caix added \\\"I must say only the second option interests me\\\". This is what Gouraud did. In 1925, Sultan al-Atrash led a revolt that broke out in the Druze Mountain\",\n \"title\": \"Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6485741\",\n \"text\": \"but the local variant is \\\"Wa-a-iddoo\\\" (). The noun for a single Scout is \\\"Kashaf\\\" (). Syrian Scouts have a national training center at Zabadani, where the first Arab Jamboree was held in 1954. Scouts of Syria Scouts of Syria () is the national Scout and Guide organization of Syria. Scouting in Syria was founded in 1912; Guiding started in the 1950s. The coeducational association serves 9,358 members and is a member of both the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. Scouting started in Syria in 1912, when the country\",\n \"title\": \"Scouts of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11248075\",\n \"text\": \"Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary \\\"Here Is What Is\\\" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is What Is\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8999998\",\n \"text\": \"effort; King Hussein, however, did warn Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir of what Egypt and Syria were planning. In 1976 Jordan was the only Arab country to support the Syrian invasion and subsequent role in Lebanon. However, another break between Syria and Jordan occurred in 1977, following Jordan's tacit support for Egyptian President Sadat's peace initiative. During this period Syria charged Jordan with harboring members of the Muslim Brotherhood, who had escaped from Syria. This charge led to new tension in December 1980, with military forces of both sides deployed along the border. As a counterweight to Syria, Jordan improved\",\n \"title\": \"Jordan–Syria relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16077329\",\n \"text\": \"of international law and sovereignty rules.\\\" The Spanish UN Ambassador Inocencio Arias called it an attack of \\\"extreme gravity\\\" and \\\"a clear violation of international law.\\\" The United States Congress passed the Syria Accountability Act in December 2003, with the goal of ending what the U.S. sees as Syrian involvement in Lebanon, Iraq, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction through international sanctions. Ethnic tensions increased in Syria, following an incident in a football stadium in Al Qamishli, 30 people were killed and more than 160 were injured in days of clashes starting from 12 March. Kurdish sources indicated that Syrian\",\n \"title\": \"Modern history of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11616302\",\n \"text\": \"Most Jews now living in the Arab World belong to communities dating back to Biblical times or originating as colonies of refugees fleeing the Spanish Inquisition. In Syria, Jews of both origins, numbering altogether fewer than 3,000 in 1987, are found. After a mass emigration in 1992, today fewer than 200 Jews live in Syria, mostly in the capital. Syrian Jews are Arabic-speaking and barely distinguishable from the Arabs around them. In Syria, as elsewhere, the degree to which Jews submit to the disciplines of their religion varies. The government treats the Jews as a religious community and not as\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17071892\",\n \"text\": \"land from the Israeli-occupied Golan, Egyptian-Syrian relations have become strained due to Egyptian president Anwar al-Sadat's peace treaty with Israel in the Camp David Accords. Hafez al-Assad severed all relations with Egypt after the signing of the peace deal, and diplomatic relations were not re-established until 2005, when Egypt once again enjoyed warm relations with Syria under the rule of Bashar al-Assad. However, after the Arab Spring and the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood, relations became extremely strained. The Muslim Brotherhood is a banned organisation and its membership is a capital offence in Syria. Egypt severed all relations with the\",\n \"title\": \"Egypt–Syria relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11822436\",\n \"text\": \"and he welcomed them as he would welcome Christ, building them cells with his own hands. Saint Thalassius, Hermit of Syria is said to have died peacefully and is commemorated 22 February by the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches. Thalassius of Syria Saint Thalassius of Syria undertook the call of God to life as a hermit in the fifth century. Thalassius is recorded to have entered into solitude at a young age near a village named Targala in Byzantine Syria. He is said to have dwelt there living the ascetic life with no shelter for nearly forty years. Thalassius'\",\n \"title\": \"Thalassius of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2731681\",\n \"text\": \"Hashemite prince Faisal attempted to establish such a Greater Syrian or pan-Mashriq state—a united kingdom that would comprise all of what eventually became Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Palestine, but he was stymied by conflicting promises made by the British to different parties (see Sykes–Picot Agreement), leading to the French creation of the mandate of Syria and Lebanon in 1920. According to the Minutes of the Ninth Session of the League of Nations' Permanent Mandates Commission, held in 1926, \\\"Southern Syria\\\" was suggested by some as the name of Mandatory Palestine in the Arabic language. The reports say the following:\",\n \"title\": \"Southern Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10748517\",\n \"text\": \"Name of Syria The name Syria is latinized from the (Greek ). Herodotus used it loosely to refer to Cappadocia. In Greek usage, \\\"Suría\\\" and \\\"Assuría\\\" were used almost interchangeably, but in the Roman Empire, Syria and Assyria came to be used as distinct geographical terms. \\\"Syria\\\" in the Roman Empire period referred to the region of Syria (the western Levant, \\\"those parts of the Empire situated between Asia Minor and Egypt\\\"), while Asōristān was part of the Sasanian Empire and only very briefly came under Roman control (AD 116–118, marking the historical peak of Roman expansion). Etymologically, the name\",\n \"title\": \"Name of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11756551\",\n \"text\": \"and expelled from the country for their reporting. Reporters Without Borders ranked Syria 173rd out of 178 countries in the world on the Press Freedom Index in October 2010. On the Press Freedom Barometer for 2013, the organization reports that 5 journalists have been killed, 21 journalists, 1 media assistant, and 18 netizens have been imprisoned. Joseph Daher Syria, the uprising and the media scene, \\\"OpenDemocracy\\\" 26 October 2017 Media of Syria The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print. The national language of Syria is Arabic but some publications and broadcasts are also available\",\n \"title\": \"Media of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382845\",\n \"text\": \"Syria. According to estimates Syria has around 1,700 million tons of phosphate reserves. Production dropped sharply in the early 1990s when world demand and prices fell, but output has since increased to more than 2.4 million tons. Syria produced about 1.9% of the world's phosphate rock output and was the world's ninth ranked producer of phosphate rock in 2009. Other major minerals produced in Syria include cement, gypsum, industrial sand (silica), marble, natural crude asphalt, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, salt, steel, and volcanic tuff, which generally are not produced for export. Syria is a relatively small oil producer, accounting for\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17913406\",\n \"text\": \"If London Were Syria If London Were Syria, titled on YouTube \\\"Most Shocking Second a Day Video\\\", is a short film commercial (the YouTube video is 93 seconds) created by Don't Panic London for Save The Children UK, marking the third anniversary of the Syrian Civil War. It features a young British girl experiencing the effects of a hypothetical civil war on the streets of London. Everything depicted in the video was based on the factual accounts of children in Syria. The video's purpose is to depict what life is like for kids as war erupts in their country, in\",\n \"title\": \"If London Were Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18897940\",\n \"text\": \"Wildlife of Syria The wildlife of Syria is the flora and fauna of Syria, a country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Besides its coastline, the country has a coastal plain, mountain ranges in the west, a semi-arid steppe area in the centre occupying most of the country, and a desert area in the east. Each of these zones has its own characteristic animals and plants. Syria is located in the Middle East at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Lebanon and Israel to the west, Jordan to the\",\n \"title\": \"Wildlife of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"382783\",\n \"text\": \"lake in Syria. The highest point in Syria is Mount Hermon (2,814 m; 9,232 ft) on the Lebanese border. Between the humid Mediterranean coast and the arid desert regions lies a semiarid steep zone extending across three-quarters of the country, which receives hot, dry winds blowing across the desert. Syria is extensively depleted, with 28 percent of the land arable, 4 percent dedicated to permanent crops, 46 percent utilized as meadows and pastures, and only 3 percent forest and woodland. Syria is divided into fourteen governorates, or \\\"muhafazat\\\" (singular: \\\"muhafazah\\\"). The governorates are divided into a total of sixty districts,\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16626742\",\n \"text\": \"First Couple present within the 'Syria Files.' What is revealed is only a façade, or perhaps fittingly, a brand calculated to cloak another system: the military-security machine, which remains as of yet tightly in control and far from prying eyes.\\\" Syria Files examined by \\\"Al Akhbar\\\" show that after businessman Rami Makhlouf publicly claimed to respond to protestors' demands by \\\"repenting\\\" from business, selling shares and investing his money and time in charity and development projects, he continued to invest in several banks during 2011 and 2012. In late January 2012, he bought about 15 times as much shares (by\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Files\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2536139\",\n \"text\": \"the Third Mithridatic War, following the defeat of Armenian King Tigranes the Great. Following the partition of the Herodian kingdom into tetrarchies in 6 CE, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis. The Roman province of Judea incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, and extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after Herod Archelaus's Tetrarchy of Judea, but the Roman province encompassed a much larger territory. The capital of Roman Syria was established in Antioch from the very beginning of\",\n \"title\": \"Syria Palaestina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20176747\",\n \"text\": \"Bosana (Syria) Bosana was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman Arabia, now a Latin Catholic titular see. Bosana, on the site of modern Busan in present Syria, was important enough in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of capital Bostra in the sway of the Patriarchate of Antioch. None of its bishops was recorded at any council. However archaeological and epigraphic evidence accounts for a single of its bishops : Menas (floruit 573). It probably faded at the seventh century advent of Islam. The diocese was nominally restored in 1933 as Titular\",\n \"title\": \"Bosana (Syria)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5280304\",\n \"text\": \"during the Roman Period c.350 CE, Eunapius wrote that the capital of Coele-Syria was the Seleucid city of Antioch, north of the Eleutherus. According to Polybius, a former officer of the Ptolemaic Empire named Ptolemy Thrasea, having fought in the 217 BCE Battle of Raphia, defected to the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great. Antiochus gave him the title \\\"Strategos and Archiereus of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia\\\". Some scholars speculate that this title may have been used previously by the Ptolemies, but no direct evidence exists to support this. The region was disputed between the Seleucid dynasty and the Ptolemaic dynasty\",\n \"title\": \"Coele-Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15509488\",\n \"text\": \"(What Is) Love? \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. Originally entitled \\\"What Is Love?\\\", the song appeared on the soundtrack to \\\"The Back-up Plan\\\" (2010), a film in which Lopez stars. The song was later included on Lopez's seventh studio album \\\"Love?\\\" (2011), as the album's title track. \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\" is a midtempo electropop song written by Diana \\\"Wynter\\\" Gordon, with the song's producer Emile \\\"D'Mile\\\" Dernst II. The song is about \\\"not knowing what love is,\\\" according to Gordon. A remix of \\\"(What Is) Love?\\\", entitled \\\"What Is Love? Part II\\\", was\",\n \"title\": \"(What Is) Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18356788\",\n \"text\": \"throne, killing Philip and emerging as the new emperor. During the Roman-Sasanian war of the 3d century, the Romans, struggling in the early stages of the Crisis of the Third Century depended on Odaenathus, the King of the Syrian city-state of Palmyra to secure the Roman East from the Persian invaders and to regain lost Roman territories, so Odaenathus rode north leading the Palmyrene army, and regained Armenia, Northern Syria, parts of Asia Minor from the Persians, and even reached the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, thus weakening the Persians and securing the Roman East, before he was murdered by his\",\n \"title\": \"History of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17536318\",\n \"text\": \"think it is their problem.\\\" According to Ricks, \\\"the American system is founded on the belief that the people do indeed know what is best for them. So I conclude that Power's argument is itself yet another reason not to intervene in Syria -- if we have to erode our system to do it, it certainly is not worth it.\\\" There was immediate speculation by \\\"The New York Times\\\" that Obama would fail to get approval from Congress for intervention in Syria as soon as he announced that he would seek such approval. It called it \\\"one of the riskiest\",\n \"title\": \"Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against the Government of Syria to Respond to Use of Chemical Weapons\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18897949\",\n \"text\": \"the great bustard. Rare visiting species include the corn crake, Dalmatian pelican, white-headed duck and eastern imperial eagle. Wildlife of Syria The wildlife of Syria is the flora and fauna of Syria, a country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Besides its coastline, the country has a coastal plain, mountain ranges in the west, a semi-arid steppe area in the centre occupying most of the country, and a desert area in the east. Each of these zones has its own characteristic animals and plants. Syria is located in the Middle East at the eastern end of the Mediterranean\",\n \"title\": \"Wildlife of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19382927\",\n \"text\": \"Federalization of Syria The partition or federalization of Syria is a scenario to end the Syrian Civil War. In the broadest sense, it means turning the centralized Syrian Arab Republic into a federal republic with autonomous subdivisions. Many powers and actors involved in the Syrian Civil War have entertained the idea of \\\"federal division\\\", not least among them Russia, United Nations representatives, and the United States. President Bashar al-Assad has not ruled out the possibility of a federal democratic state of Syria. In particular, Turkey is strongly hostile towards the idea of a federalization of Syria because it fears possible\",\n \"title\": \"Federalization of Syria\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11248076\",\n \"text\": \"some of the tracks (\\\"Beauty\\\" and \\\"Chest of Drawers\\\") are conversations with Brian Eno. All songs written by Daniel Lanois unless otherwise noted. \\\"Where Will I Be\\\" is a new version of a song which had been previously released on Emmylou Harris' album \\\"Wrecking Ball\\\" in 1995. \\\"Lovechild\\\" and \\\"Sacred And Secular\\\" tracks incorporates, respectively, the pedal steel guitar melody used in \\\"Carla\\\", on Belladonna album, and the pedal steel guitar melody used in \\\"Transmitter\\\", on Shine album. Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It\",\n \"title\": \"Here Is What Is\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":291,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"292"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What does NASDAQ stand for?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"292491","text":"NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges \"Nasdaq\" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which divested","title":"NASDAQ"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"292491\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges \\\"Nasdaq\\\" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. It was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), which divested\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"docid":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"docid":"19980607","text":"sitcom\". Writing in \"The Guardian\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \"What Does The K Stand For?\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \"Everybody Hates Chris\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\". However, he added, \"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"docid":"17971912","text":"What We Stand For What We Stand For is the third studio album by American Christian music band The Museum. The album released on May 6, 2014 by BEC Recordings. In an interview with Reel Gospel, lead singer Ben Richter described the theme of the album: 'I think if I had to boil that down to one statement it’d be out of Micah 6:8 – ‘What does the Lord require of you? To seek justice, to love mercy, and walk humbly with your God.’ That’s a big part of the theme of the song that’s the title track, but I","title":"What We Stand For"},{"docid":"17971914","text":"songs to worship Christ with.\" Alex \"Tincan\" Caldwell of Jesus Freak Hideout rated the album two stars out of five, writing that \"The Museum is capable of much more.\" At Indie Vision Music, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars out of five, saying how the release \"to be honest, still hasn't really lived up to a 2-year-or-so wait.\" 365 Days of Inspiring Media's Joshua Andre rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, remarking \"Though they haven’t got everything 100% right, some ingenuity is welcomed and a nice surprise from left field.\" What We Stand For What We Stand","title":"What We Stand For"},{"docid":"292497","text":"counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the derivatives business. At the time, \"NYSE Euronext’s market value was $9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $5.78 billion, while ICE was valued at $9.45 billion.\" Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $11–12 billion counterbid. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ) was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"17971913","text":"think ultimately spills into the rest of the record as well, that we would truly love mercy and seek after justice for the poor and the oppressed.' \"What We Stand For\" received barely positive reception from the ratings and reviews of music critics. Grace S. Aspinwall of \"CCM Magazine\" rated the album four stars, commenting how it is \"Authentic and beautiful, the newest project by The Museum is perfection.\" At New Release Tuesday, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars, stating that \"The Museum has produced a record that is singable and pleasant, giving the Church another serviceable collection of","title":"What We Stand For"},{"docid":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"docid":"2675398","text":"NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the NASDAQ. It is a modified capitalization-weighted index. The stocks' weights in the index are based on their market capitalizations, with certain rules capping the influence of the largest components. It is based on exchange, and it is not an index of U.S.-based companies. It does not have any financial companies, since these were put in a separate index. Both of those criteria differentiate it from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the exclusion of","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"docid":"292500","text":"the end of the recession in June 2009 however, it has increased by 18.29% per year. NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges \"Nasdaq\" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"292494","text":"automated trading systems. It was also the first stock market in the United States to trade online, highlighting Nasdaq-traded companies and closing with the declaration that the Nasdaq Stock Market is \"the stock market for the next hundred years\". The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted new growth companies, including Microsoft, Apple, Cisco, Oracle and Dell, and it helped modernize the IPO. Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite, which has been published since its inception. However, its exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ-100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"1955389","text":"Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name \"OMX AB\" (\"Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna\"/Helsinki Stock E\"x\"change), which was created in 2003 upon a merger between \"OM AB\" and \"HEX plc\". In 2015, the legal entity OMX AB was renamed Nasdaq AB, but it also operates under the alias \"Nasdaq OMX AB\". The operations have been part of Nasdaq, Inc. (formerly known as \"Nasdaq OMX Group\") since February 2008. Nasdaq Nordic has","title":"Nasdaq Nordic"},{"docid":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"docid":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"docid":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"docid":"292499","text":"In 2016, Nasdaq earned $272 million in listings-related revenues. In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the NYSE and Nasdaq did not justify the continued price increases when selling market data. Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions eastern time are: 4:00 am to 9:30 am premarket session 9:30 am to 4:00 pm normal trading session 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm postmarket session The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: As of June 2015, the Nasdaq Stock Market had an average annualized growth rate of 9.24% since its opening in February 1971. Since","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"5079339","text":"development of Nasdaq Canada, trading operations were initially started with Nasdaq workstations and terminals installed at 10 participating Canadian securities firms in Montreal. The 10 initial Canadian brokerages participating in Nasdaq Canada are: This enabled these firms to trade the 5,000 Nasdaq-listed companies directly through their local broker, including the 42 Canadian companies previously listed solely on Nasdaq U.S. On December 2000, there were 146 Canadian companies listed on NASDAQ. Helen Kearns was the first President of Nasdaq Canada. On July 2004, Nasdaq announced the closing of Nasdaq Canada's only office in Montreal. Nasdaq Canada's operations are now run out","title":"NASDAQ Canada"},{"docid":"5079340","text":"of New York City. The Nasdaq Canada Index was created at the same time as Nasdaq Canada. The Nasdaq Canada Index is composed of 61 companies. The ticker symbol of this index is CND. NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly","title":"NASDAQ Canada"},{"docid":"13336359","text":"NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are financial futures that allow an investor to hedge with or speculate on the future value of various components of the NASDAQ market index. Several futures instruments are derived from the Nasdaq composite index, these include the E-mini NASDAQ composite futures, the E-mini NASDAQ biology futures, the NASDAQ-100 futures, and the E-mini NASDAQ-100 futures. All of the NASDAQ derived future contracts are a product of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). They expire quarterly (March, June, September, and December), and are traded on the CME Globex exchange nearly 24 hours a day, from Sunday afternoon to Friday","title":"NASDAQ futures"},{"docid":"292498","text":"Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. Operations were shut down, however, as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble. In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived as Equiduct, and is currently operating under Börse Berlin. On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). In November 2016, Nasdaq Chief Operating Officer Adena Friedman was promoted to the role of CEO, becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S.","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"292495","text":"terms of market capitalization. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets. The National Association of Securities Dealers spun off the Nasdaq Stock Market in 2000 to form a publicly traded company. On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3227 by April 17, and in the following 30 months fell 78% from its peak. In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, Nasdaq merged with OMX,","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"292492","text":"itself of Nasdaq in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. The Nasdaq Stock Market is owned and operated by Nasdaq, Inc., the stock of which was listed on its own securities exchange on July 2, 2002, under the ticker symbol . The Nasdaq Stock Market began trading on February 8, 1971. It was the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a “quotation system” and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades. The Nasdaq Stock Market helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock)","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"4977086","text":"Philadelphia Stock Exchange. On May 25, 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX, the Swedish-Finnish financial company that controls 7 Nordic and Baltic stock exchanges, for US$3.7 billion to form NASDAQ OMX Group. As of February 27, 2008, the deal was completed. On June 18, 2012, NASDAQ became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). On December 12, 2012, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would acquire Thomson Reuters' investor relations, public relations and multimedia businesses for $390 million in cash. NASDAQ OMX completed the purchase","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"19040152","text":"not made public by NASDAQ. \"For the latest component information, please refer to the NASDAQ's website.\" NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced","title":"NASDAQ Financial-100"},{"docid":"2675413","text":"index come up through the Q-50. In 2011, NASDAQ created the NASDAQ-500 to track the 500 largest stocks on NASDAQ, and the NASDAQ-400, tracking those stocks not included in the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ has also divided the 100 into two distinct sub-indices; the NASDAQ-100 Tech follows those components who service the tech sector, and the NASDAQ-100 Ex-Tech, which follows those components that are not considered tech companies. The latter index includes noted E-commerce companies Amazon.com and eBay, which are classified as retailers. \"This list is current as of the close of trading on November 16, 2018. An up-to-date list is available","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"5079338","text":"NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly by the NASDR and the Québec Securities Commission (CVMQ). NASDAQ Canada commenced functioning with the inaugural opening of its office from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on 21 November 2000. In the first phase of the","title":"NASDAQ Canada"},{"docid":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"docid":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"docid":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"docid":"2675411","text":"methodology was created in 1998 in advance of the creation the NASDAQ-100 Index Trust, which holds portions of all NASDAQ-100 firms. The new methodology allowed NASDAQ to reduce the influence of the largest companies and to allow for more diversification. However, the weights of the stocks were not changed after that, which led to more problems. In May 2011, NASDAQ did a major rebalance of the index to bring it closer to market-cap weighting. The index is rebalanced only if: In addition to its lack of financial companies, the Nasdaq-100 includes 12 stocks of 11 companies incorporated outside the United","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"docid":"19040150","text":"NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced annually, only it's done in June. Components that are in the top 100 of financial companies","title":"NASDAQ Financial-100"},{"docid":"4977083","text":"Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and NASDAQ OMX Vilnius. It is headquartered in New York City, and its president and chief executive officer is Adena Friedman. Nasdaq, Inc. is the owner of the NASDAQ listing, founded in 1975. In December 2005, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSE) rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"2675412","text":"States. Although the S&P 500 Index includes non-U.S. companies, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has never included foreign companies. As of November 2018, the Nasdaq-100 has companies incorporated in the following foreign countries: Additionally, the NASDAQ-100 is also the only index of the three that has a regularly scheduled re-ranking of its index each year (in December), ensuring that the largest non-financial companies on NASDAQ are accurately included. In 2006, NASDAQ created a \"farm team\" index, the NASDAQ Q-50, representing the next fifty stocks in line to enter the NASDAQ-100. With some exceptions, most stocks that are added to the","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"2675410","text":"occur, via press releases at least five business days before the change takes place. The 2018 results of the re-ranking and rebalancing were announced on December 14, with the changes effective the morning of December 24, coinciding with the expiration of options on December 21. The NASDAQ-100 is frequently confused with the Nasdaq Composite Index. The latter index (often referred to simply as \"\"The Nasdaq\"\") includes the stock of every company that is listed on NASDAQ (more than 3,000 altogether) and is quoted more frequently than the NASDAQ-100 in popular media. The NASDAQ-100 is a modified capitalization-weighted index. This particular","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"9654859","text":"other derivative securities are not included. If at any time a component security no longer meets the above criteria, the security becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Composite Index and is removed. Investing in the NASDAQ Composite Index is currently made accessible through an exchange-traded fund issued by fund manager Fidelity Investments. Introduced on October 1, 2003, the ETF () attempts to match the overall performance of the index. It is not nearly as popular as the \"Q's\" () which tracks the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"9654850","text":"the first Internet bubble, and subsequently fell to a low of 1,108.49 on October 10, 2002 when the bubble burst. On April 23, 2015, after over 15 years, the index made a new closing high of 5,056.06. On June 18, 2015, the index made a new all-time high of 5,143.32, finally surpassing the high made during the tech bubble. On January 17, 2018, the Nasdaq finally achieved a new inflation-adjusted closing high from March 10, 2000. The NASDAQ-100, whose components are a subset of the NASDAQ Composite's, accounts for over 90% of the NASDAQ Composite's movement, and there are many","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"6107081","text":"Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a financial free zone which opened for business in 2004. Financial activities in the DIFC are governed to international standards by an independent regulator, the Dubai Financial Services Authority. NASDAQ Dubai has a licence from the DFSA to operate an exchange. The President of the DIFC is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the UAE Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai. NASDAQ Dubai is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority, this structure falls into a number of different categories: NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"4977088","text":"2013, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would combine its global data products and index businesses into a unit called Global Information Services, as part of an ongoing effort to broaden its portfolio. On June 29, 2007, NASDAQ entered into an agreement to acquire DirectorsDesk.com, a management suite for boards of directors. GlobeNewswire (previously PrimeNewswire) provides press release, editing and wire services. It was founded in 1998 and acquired by NASDAQ OMX in 2006. On July 27, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. acquired SMARTS Group, the world-leading technology provider of market surveillance solutions to exchanges, regulators and brokers. SMARTS Group had","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"9439473","text":"exchange. In 2002, spot market activities were transferred into a newly established company, Nord Pool Spot AS. In 2005, Nord Pool started trading and clearing of EU emission allowances, becoming the first exchange to expand its activities into this area. On 21 December 2007, Nord Pool agreed to sell its two subsidiaries—Nord Pool Clearing, which deals with clearing transactions, and Nord Pool Consulting—to the global exchange operator NASDAQ OMX. On 17 March 2010, NASDAQ OMX announced it will acquire all shares of Nord Pool ASA. The deal does not include Nord Pool Spot AS, which will continue physical electricity market","title":"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe"},{"docid":"9439475","text":"420 members in total, including exchange members, clearing clients, members and representatives in 20 countries. The customer base for NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe includes 400 members. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a market place for the trade on derivative contracts in the financial market. Financial electricity contracts are used to guarantee prices and manage risk when trading power. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers contracts of up to ten years' duration, with contracts for days, weeks, months, quarters and years. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe also trades EUAs. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX","title":"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe"},{"docid":"9654849","text":"NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks and similar securities (e.g. ADRs, tracking stocks, limited partnership interests) listed on the NASDAQ stock market. Along with the Dow Jones Average and S&P 500 it is one of the three most-followed indices in US stock markets. The composition of the NASDAQ Composite is heavily weighted towards information technology companies. After launching in 1971 with 50 companies and a starting value of 100, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at a high of 5,132.52 (and a closing price of 5048.62) on March 10, 2000 during","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"6107075","text":"NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock exchange that lists regional and international shares in the Middle East. Through the exchange, regional issuers can access regional and international investment. International issuers can access investment from the region, through a primary or dual listing. The NASDAQ Dubai region includes the United Arab Emirates and the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the wider Middle East and North Africa, Turkey and the Indian sub-continent. The majority shareholder of NASDAQ Dubai is DFM, which acquired two thirds of the shares in May 2010 from Borse Dubai and NASDAQ OMX Group. Borse","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"4977087","text":"on June 3, 2013. In April 2017, Nasdaq launched Nasdaq Ventures, a venture investment program focused on companies that will help Nasdaq grow its product lines and open new market segments. The first 3 companies announced as part of the program are Chain, a blockchain technology company; Digital Reasoning, cognitive computing technology; and Hanweck, real-time risk analytics. NASDAQ Inc. partners with stock exchanges all over the world. One of the most recent partnerships was signed with Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) in May 2017. According to the agreement, NASDAQ will power Kazakhstan's nascent stock exchange, the AIFC Exchange. In January","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"4296017","text":"As of June 15, 2018, Market capitalization of Vilnius stock exchange equities was 3.9 billion euro, and consist of 30 companies . OMX Vilnius (OMXVGI) is a stock market index for the Nasdaq Vilnius Exchange. NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange (\"till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius\") is a stock exchange established in 1993 (\"Vilnius Stock Exchange\", \"VSE\") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was","title":"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius"},{"docid":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"292493","text":"but was unpopular among brokerages which made much of their money on the spread. The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as \"OTC\" in media reports and also in the monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation. Over the years, the Nasdaq Stock Market became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"1955396","text":"the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. Central Counterparty Clearing (CCC) technology is a significant potential growth area for OMX. OMX's SECUR clearing and Genium trading platform facilitate trade novation, derivatives clearing, risk management and improved liquidity. SECUR clearing and Genium trading technology are in production around the world. OMX's technology customers include: Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name \"OMX AB\" (\"Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna\"/Helsinki Stock E\"x\"change), which was","title":"Nasdaq Nordic"},{"docid":"9654857","text":"of 4,176.59 on December 31, 2013. On March 2, 2015, the NASDAQ closed above 5,000 for the first time since March 9, 2000. On April 23, 2015, the NASDAQ finally broke through the record of 15 years earlier and set a new high for a daily close, though it was still just short of the all-time intraday high set in 2000. After its first significant correction (greater than 10%) in about four years, the index roared back above 5,000 with a triple-digit gain on October 23, 2015. Two years later, the Nasdaq crossed 7,000 intraday, which was within reach of","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"1955394","text":"40, on the same date, however the individual exchanges have also retained their own national benchmark indices. On 25 May 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX for US$3.7 billion. In August 2007, however, Borse Dubai offered US$4 billion, prompting speculation of a bidding war. On 20 September 2007, Borse Dubai agreed to stop competing to buy OMX in return for a 20% stake and 5 percent of votes in NASDAQ as well as NASDAQ's then 28% stake in the London Stock Exchange. In a complex transaction, Borse Dubai acquired 97.2% of OMX's outstanding shares before selling them on to NASDAQ.","title":"Nasdaq Nordic"},{"docid":"9654854","text":"31, 2007, the highest point reached on the index since January 24, 2001. High energy prices and the possibility of recession dropped the NASDAQ into a bear market in early 2008, which was recognized on February 6 when the NASDAQ closed below the 2,300 level, about 20% below the recent highs. Furthermore, the failure of Lehman Brothers in September brought world financial markets into turmoil. The NASDAQ was no exception, experiencing record levels of market volatility. On September 29, 2008, the NASDAQ dropped nearly 200 points, the most since the tech bubble burst, losing 9.14% (third largest in history) to","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"4977089","text":"been a private company operating out of Sydney, Australia, incorporating the market analysis software of Michael James Aitken. By 2017 SMARTS remained the leading market surveillance software, and was employed by thirteen regulators on forty-five exchanges. NASDAQ OMX sold its stake in the Carpenter Moore D&O Insurance in 2009. Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"2675399","text":"financial companies distinguishes it from the S&P 500. The NASDAQ-100 began on January 31, 1985 by the NASDAQ, trying to promote itself in the shadow of the New York Stock Exchange. It did so by creating two separate indices: this index, which consists of Industrial, Technology, Retail, Telecommunication, Biotechnology, Health Care, Transportation, Media and Service companies, and the NASDAQ Financial-100, which consists of banking companies, insurance firms, brokerage houses and mortgage companies. By creating these two indices, the NASDAQ hoped that options and futures contracts would be created on them, and mutual funds would adopt them as their benchmarks. The","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"docid":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"docid":"6107079","text":"times oversubscribed. In the same month, the exchange launched an Islamic financing Murabaha platform. This offers an alternative to many traditional Murabaha solutions, which can carry a risk of losses through price movements, spreads and poor liquidity as well as delays. In June 2014, NASDAQ Dubai had 28 current Sukuk listings with a total nominal value of USD 18.3 billion, which made Dubai (NASDAQ Dubai plus DFM) the third largest venue in the world for Sukuk listings. Products listed on NASDAQ Dubai include ordinary shares listed by DP World. DP World is the largest IPO in the Middle East and","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"6107077","text":"company of NASDAQ Dubai and Dubai Financial Market (DFM). In 2008, NASDAQ Dubai launched the first equity derivatives market in the United Arab Emirates. In 2010, the exchange took a step towards creating a single regional liquidity pool by moving all its equities trading on to DFM’s trading platform. The same year DFM acquired a two-thirds stake in NASDAQ Dubai, with Borse Dubai retaining a one-third stake. In 2011, the exchange transferred its Listing Authority from its own control to that of the Dubai Financial Services Authority. In 2012, the DFSA reduced the minimum market capitalisation for companies to list","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"4977084","text":"Bank. The LSE described the offer as \"derisory\". It then received a bid in March 2006 for £2.4 billion from NASDAQ, which was also rejected by the LSE. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on April 11, 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share. NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"13336362","text":"In the United States broad-based index futures receive special tax treatment under the IRS 60/40 rule. Stocks held longer than one year qualify for favorable capital gains tax treatment, while stocks held one year or less are taxed at ordinary income. However, proceeds from index futures contracts traded in the short term are taxed 60 percent at the favorable capital gains rate, and only 40 percent as ordinary income. Also, losses on NASDAQ futures can be carried back up to 3 years, and tax reporting is significantly simpler, as they qualify as Section 1256 Contracts. NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are","title":"NASDAQ futures"},{"docid":"292496","text":"a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the NASDAQ OMX Group. To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), must have at least three market makers (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders. In February 2011, in the wake of an announced merger of NYSE Euronext with Deutsche Börse, speculation developed that NASDAQ OMX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) could mount a","title":"NASDAQ"},{"docid":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"docid":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"docid":"17544507","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"docid":"14573152","text":"Stand Up For Mental Health Stand Up For Mental Health (SMH), founded in 2004, is a program based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in which people who have mental illness (e.g. bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder) are taught stand-up comedy as a form of therapy and then present to the community as a way of addressing the stigma, discrimination, and prejudice surrounding mental health problems. SMH does not consider itself a replacement for medication or conventional therapy, simply as a supplemental way for people with mental illness to feel better about themselves while educating","title":"Stand Up For Mental Health"},{"docid":"14663203","text":"NASDAQ Private Market NASDAQ Private Market is an American SaaS company that provides transaction software to private companies and investment funds looking to do tender offers or share buybacks. The company also has a trading business arm for buying and selling illiquid assets, including auction‐rate securities, bankruptcy claims, limited partnership interests, private company stock, restricted securities in public companies, structured products, and whole loans. In the early days of the company a major source of business came from its platform for trading shares of Facebook and other in-demand startups. SecondMarket Solutions changed its name to NASDAQ Private Market after being","title":"NASDAQ Private Market"},{"docid":"11778803","text":"Nasdaq First North Nasdaq First North is a division of Nasdaq Nordic and an alternative stock exchange for smaller companies in Europe. The market place Nya Marknaden in Stockholm changed name to First North in June 2006 and the First North exchange expanded to the stock exchange on Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007. First North is Nasdaq's European growth market, designed for small and growing companies. Using a less extensive rulebook than the main market, the First North market provides companies more room to focus on their business and development while still taking advantage of all","title":"Nasdaq First North"},{"docid":"6107076","text":"Dubai still owns one third of the shares. NASDAQ Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre, a financial free zone. The exchange is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. The exchange launched on 26 September 2005 under the name Dubai International Financial Exchange (DIFX), which initially listed equities and index products. In 2007, the exchange listed the largest IPO in the Middle East, when DP World raised USD 4.96 billion. In 2008, NASDAQ OMX acquired a one-third stake in the DIFX and it rebranded to NASDAQ Dubai. The other two-thirds was owned by Borse Dubai, the holding","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"4942704","text":"Square system and process have been upgraded and changed several times but remain protected by the broad claims and novel uses outlined in the original patent. The current MarketSite facility utilizes a complex system of videowall processors and data feeds to provide broadcasters with a dynamic real-time data background. This system shares nothing with the original Whitehall street iteration of the MarketSite, having been upgraded and redesigned several times due to advances in technology. NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it","title":"NASDAQ MarketSite"},{"docid":"4942702","text":"NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it occupies the northwest corner of the bottom of 4 Times Square. The exterior wall of the seven-story cylindrical tower is an LED electronic video display that provides market quotes, financial news and advertisements. It was built in 1999 and made its debut on January 1st, 2000. The ground floor of the glass-walled MarketSite contains a television studio. A wall of rear-projection monitors 44 feet (17 m) long by 14 feet (4 m) high display","title":"NASDAQ MarketSite"},{"docid":"2675430","text":"(DISCA) (DISCK), Norwegian Cruise Lines, Tractor Supply and Viacom. On July 23, PepsiCo replaced Dish Network. On November 5, NXP Semiconductors replaced CA, who merged with Broadcom. On November 19, Xcel Energy replaced Dentsply Sirona. On December 14, NASDAQ announced that 6 stocks will join the index. They are Advanced Micro Devices, lululemon Athletica, NetApp, United Continental Holdings, Verisign, and Willis Towers Watson. They will replace Express Scripts, Hologic, Qurate Retail Group, Seagate Technology, Shire and Vodafone. NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"16303662","text":"is current as of February 18, 2011. An up-to-date list is available in the External Links section. It should be noted that this is an alphabetical list, and not a ranked list\" Name Symbol NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11.","title":"NASDAQ Transportation Index"},{"docid":"16303661","text":"NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11. In October 2007, it hit an all-time closing high of 3,107.87. Then in March 2009, it hit a six-year closing low of 1,242.50. In March 2014 it broke the high from 2007. \"This list","title":"NASDAQ Transportation Index"},{"docid":"9439474","text":"trading operations independently. The deal was approved by market regulators on 31 May 2010. On 1 November 2010, Nord Pool ASA changed its name to NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA and introduced a trade name NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a marketplace for financial trading in electrical power, and emission allowances and emission credits. It has its main office in Oslo with offices in Stockholm and Helsinki. The NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe market membership includes energy producers, energy intensive industries, large consumers, distributors, funds, investment companies, banks, brokers, utility companies and financial institutions. It has more than","title":"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe"},{"docid":"4296016","text":"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange (\"till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius\") is a stock exchange established in 1993 (\"Vilnius Stock Exchange\", \"VSE\") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was established to minimize investing barriers between Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian markets. It has a pre-market session from 08:45am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 04:00pm and post-market session from 04:00pm to 04:30pm.","title":"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius"},{"docid":"14663209","text":"(BIT) is a private, open-ended trust that derives its value solely from the price of bitcoin. The NASDAQ Private Market (formerly known as \"SecondMarket\") acts as the custodian and the trust is audited by Ernst & Young. The trust is managed through a subsidiary of SecondMarket, which is the Digital Currency Group and Grayscale. Grayscale also manages the Ethereum Classic Investment Trust SecondMarket (now known as the NASDAQ Private Market) announced in February 2014 that it planned to open a regulated, US-based bitcoin exchange. It was planning to spin off a separate company for all its Bitcoin activities. NASDAQ Private","title":"NASDAQ Private Market"},{"docid":"14663204","text":"acquired by NASDAQ in a joint venture with SharesPost. In October 2015 NASDAQ took full ownership of NASDAQ Private Market. Prior to using the name SecondMarket the company was known as Restricted Stock Partners, Inc. SecondMarket was founded in 2004 by Barry Silbert to provide liquidity for restricted securities in public companies. Beginning in early 2008, SecondMarket expanded into other asset classes—first auction‐rate securities, then bankruptcy claims, limited partnership interests, structured products (MBS, CDO, ABS), whole loans, private company stock, government IOUs and bitcoins. In 2007, the company raised an undisclosed amount of Series A financing from venture capital firm","title":"NASDAQ Private Market"},{"docid":"11778805","text":"investors, First North offers an opportunity to invest in companies that are in an interesting stage of their growth. In addition, First North is a diversified market where companies represent a variety of industries, operating both in the Nordics and globally. Nasdaq First North Nasdaq First North is a division of Nasdaq Nordic and an alternative stock exchange for smaller companies in Europe. The market place Nya Marknaden in Stockholm changed name to First North in June 2006 and the First North exchange expanded to the stock exchange on Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007. First North","title":"Nasdaq First North"},{"docid":"17544483","text":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \"The Fox\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"docid":"11958748","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"docid":"11958746","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"docid":"9654858","text":"the inflation-adjusted high set back on March 10, 2000. Although Nasdaq flirted with the \"unthinkable milestone\" on January 16, 2018, the COMP closed above it the next day for the first time since the end of the Dot-com boom. To be eligible for inclusion in the Composite, a security's U.S. listing must be exclusively on the NASDAQ Stock Market (unless the security was dually listed on another U.S. market prior to 2004 and has continuously maintained such listing), and must be one of the following security types: Closed-end funds, convertible debentures, exchange traded funds, preferred stocks, rights, warrants, units and","title":"NASDAQ Composite"},{"docid":"6107080","text":"raised $ 4.96 billion. It was 15x oversubscribed and is one of the most valued companies in the region. In 2014, Emirates REIT carried out an IPO on the exchange, becoming the first Real Estate Investment Trust to list in the GCC. The exchange is the third largest in the world for listed Sukuk by value and conventional bonds are also listed. Equity derivatives can be traded. The exchange operates a Murabaha platform for Islamic financing. The trading hours of NASDAQ Dubai are from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm (06:00 am to 10:00 pm GMT) from Sunday to Thursday. NASDAQ","title":"NASDAQ Dubai"},{"docid":"2675424","text":"On March 23, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced Equinix in the index. Equinix converted into a REIT, making it ineligible for inclusion in the NASDAQ-100, but it did gain eligibility for the NASDAQ Financial-100. On July 1, Liberty Interactive created two new tracking stocks, tracking the company's interests in Latin America. Both tracking stocks were added to the index the same day. On July 2, Kraft Foods and Heinz completed their merger, becoming the Kraft Heinz Company. Catamaran Corporation was removed from the index after the close of trading on July 23, after going private. JD.com replaced it on July 29.","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"13519959","text":"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \"Duotones\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"docid":"13519957","text":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"docid":"20751228","text":"Braderman's \"mixture of contempt and glee\" in her treatment of \"Dynasty\", others claimed that her fascination/repulsion with the show served in part, to reproduce the themes she attempted to deconstruct. But Norwegian media scholar Jostein Gripsrud said the film was \"a truly remarkable piece of what [Braderman] calls 'stand-up theory,\" and filmmaker Yvonne Rainer asserted that the film \"has become the classic feminist performance video of the era\". The film has become a standard for college course syllabi in video art, media theory and video and film production courses. Joan Does Dynasty Joan Does Dynasty (A Neopagan, Postsituationist, Socialist/Anarcho/Feminist Expose)","title":"Joan Does Dynasty"},{"docid":"13623738","text":"of Clapton and his band talking, laughing and playing table football can be seen and heard. The video to \"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It\" fades out to another rehearsal section, as the music does also, to the end. It was published under license of the Warner Music Group originally in 2001 for TV broadcasting and was made available legally via various Internet platforms in 2007. I Ain't Gonna Stand for It \"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It\" is the second single from Stevie Wonder's 1980 album, \"Hotter Than July\". It reached number four on the \"Billboard\" R&B singles chart","title":"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It"},{"docid":"9266628","text":"as the Trade Reporting Facility (TRF). ACT (NASDAQ) ACT, or Automated Confirmation of Transactions, is a system for reporting and clearing trades in the over-the-counter (OTC) and NASDAQ securities markets. In contrast to Qualified Special Representative (QSR) clearing via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), which requires multiple relationships between brokers, dealers, and clearing firms, ACT facilitates and simplifies the process of clearing by providing a single counterparty to interact with. ACT offers a risk management system that allows clearing firms to monitor the activity of their clients. This tool is unique within the clearing business. The Financial Industry Regulatory","title":"ACT (NASDAQ)"},{"docid":"9266627","text":"ACT (NASDAQ) ACT, or Automated Confirmation of Transactions, is a system for reporting and clearing trades in the over-the-counter (OTC) and NASDAQ securities markets. In contrast to Qualified Special Representative (QSR) clearing via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), which requires multiple relationships between brokers, dealers, and clearing firms, ACT facilitates and simplifies the process of clearing by providing a single counterparty to interact with. ACT offers a risk management system that allows clearing firms to monitor the activity of their clients. This tool is unique within the clearing business. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) also refers to ACT","title":"ACT (NASDAQ)"},{"docid":"4977085","text":"by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares. The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to negotiate either a partnership or eventual merger, as well as to block other suitors such as NYSE Euronext, owner of the New York Stock Exchange. Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 29%, holding off competing bids for several months. However, only a further 0.4% of shareholders accepted the offer by the deadline and therefore the offer was rejected on February 10, 2007. On October 2, 2007, NASDAQ purchased the Boston Stock Exchange. On November 7, NASDAQ announced an agreement to purchase the","title":"Nasdaq, Inc."},{"docid":"2675408","text":"only rebalanced once a year, in December, when NASDAQ reviews its components, compares them with those not in the index, re-ranks all eligible companies and makes the appropriate adjustments. There are two tools the NASDAQ uses to determine the market values of companies for the annual review: Those components that are in the top 100 of all eligible companies at the annual review are retained in the index. Those ranked 101 to 125 are retained only if they were in the top 100 of the previous year's annual review. If they fail to move into the top 100 in the","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"2675407","text":"before being included in the index. Those standards include the following: Additionally, since 2014, companies with multiple classes of stock are allowed to have multiple classes included in the index, provided they meet NASDAQ's criteria. Prior to 2014, companies were limited to one class of stock in the index (usually the one with the larger market capitalization). While the composition of the NASDAQ-100 changes in the case of delisting (such as transferring to another exchange, merging with another company, or declaring bankruptcy, and in a few cases, being delisted by NASDAQ for failing to meet listing requirements), the index is","title":"NASDAQ-100"},{"docid":"1955392","text":"of the year. The company took a 10% stake in Oslo Børs Holding ASA, the owner of the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2006. As of September 2016, Nasdaq is not a major shareholder in the Oslo Stock Exchange holding company, which following a merger is currently called \"Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA\". Nasdaq has, however, publicly stated its interest in eventually acquiring the Oslo Stock Exchange. OMX acquired the Armenian Stock Exchange and Central Depository in November 2007. In December 2005 OMX started First North, an alternative exchange for smaller companies, in Denmark. The First North exchange expanded to","title":"Nasdaq Nordic"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19980607\",\n \"text\": \"sitcom\\\". Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \\\"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \\\"What Does The K Stand For?\\\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\\\". However, he added, \\\"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17971912\",\n \"text\": \"What We Stand For What We Stand For is the third studio album by American Christian music band The Museum. The album released on May 6, 2014 by BEC Recordings. In an interview with Reel Gospel, lead singer Ben Richter described the theme of the album: 'I think if I had to boil that down to one statement it’d be out of Micah 6:8 – ‘What does the Lord require of you? To seek justice, to love mercy, and walk humbly with your God.’ That’s a big part of the theme of the song that’s the title track, but I\",\n \"title\": \"What We Stand For\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17971914\",\n \"text\": \"songs to worship Christ with.\\\" Alex \\\"Tincan\\\" Caldwell of Jesus Freak Hideout rated the album two stars out of five, writing that \\\"The Museum is capable of much more.\\\" At Indie Vision Music, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars out of five, saying how the release \\\"to be honest, still hasn't really lived up to a 2-year-or-so wait.\\\" 365 Days of Inspiring Media's Joshua Andre rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, remarking \\\"Though they haven’t got everything 100% right, some ingenuity is welcomed and a nice surprise from left field.\\\" What We Stand For What We Stand\",\n \"title\": \"What We Stand For\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292497\",\n \"text\": \"counter-bid of their own for NYSE. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchange's cash equities business, ICE the derivatives business. At the time, \\\"NYSE Euronext’s market value was $9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $5.78 billion, while ICE was valued at $9.45 billion.\\\" Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $11–12 billion counterbid. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System (EASDAQ) was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17971913\",\n \"text\": \"think ultimately spills into the rest of the record as well, that we would truly love mercy and seek after justice for the poor and the oppressed.' \\\"What We Stand For\\\" received barely positive reception from the ratings and reviews of music critics. Grace S. Aspinwall of \\\"CCM Magazine\\\" rated the album four stars, commenting how it is \\\"Authentic and beautiful, the newest project by The Museum is perfection.\\\" At New Release Tuesday, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars, stating that \\\"The Museum has produced a record that is singable and pleasant, giving the Church another serviceable collection of\",\n \"title\": \"What We Stand For\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675398\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies listed on the NASDAQ. It is a modified capitalization-weighted index. The stocks' weights in the index are based on their market capitalizations, with certain rules capping the influence of the largest components. It is based on exchange, and it is not an index of U.S.-based companies. It does not have any financial companies, since these were put in a separate index. Both of those criteria differentiate it from the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the exclusion of\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292500\",\n \"text\": \"the end of the recession in June 2009 however, it has increased by 18.29% per year. NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several U.S. stock and options exchanges \\\"Nasdaq\\\" was initially an acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292494\",\n \"text\": \"automated trading systems. It was also the first stock market in the United States to trade online, highlighting Nasdaq-traded companies and closing with the declaration that the Nasdaq Stock Market is \\\"the stock market for the next hundred years\\\". The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted new growth companies, including Microsoft, Apple, Cisco, Oracle and Dell, and it helped modernize the IPO. Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite, which has been published since its inception. However, its exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap NASDAQ-100 index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ Financial-100 Index, which tracks the largest 100 companies in\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1955389\",\n \"text\": \"Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name \\\"OMX AB\\\" (\\\"Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna\\\"/Helsinki Stock E\\\"x\\\"change), which was created in 2003 upon a merger between \\\"OM AB\\\" and \\\"HEX plc\\\". In 2015, the legal entity OMX AB was renamed Nasdaq AB, but it also operates under the alias \\\"Nasdaq OMX AB\\\". The operations have been part of Nasdaq, Inc. (formerly known as \\\"Nasdaq OMX Group\\\") since February 2008. Nasdaq Nordic has\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq Nordic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292499\",\n \"text\": \"In 2016, Nasdaq earned $272 million in listings-related revenues. In October 2018, the SEC ruled that the NYSE and Nasdaq did not justify the continued price increases when selling market data. Nasdaq quotes are available at three levels: The Nasdaq Stock Market sessions eastern time are: 4:00 am to 9:30 am premarket session 9:30 am to 4:00 pm normal trading session 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm postmarket session The Nasdaq Stock Market has three different market tiers: As of June 2015, the Nasdaq Stock Market had an average annualized growth rate of 9.24% since its opening in February 1971. Since\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5079339\",\n \"text\": \"development of Nasdaq Canada, trading operations were initially started with Nasdaq workstations and terminals installed at 10 participating Canadian securities firms in Montreal. The 10 initial Canadian brokerages participating in Nasdaq Canada are: This enabled these firms to trade the 5,000 Nasdaq-listed companies directly through their local broker, including the 42 Canadian companies previously listed solely on Nasdaq U.S. On December 2000, there were 146 Canadian companies listed on NASDAQ. Helen Kearns was the first President of Nasdaq Canada. On July 2004, Nasdaq announced the closing of Nasdaq Canada's only office in Montreal. Nasdaq Canada's operations are now run out\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5079340\",\n \"text\": \"of New York City. The Nasdaq Canada Index was created at the same time as Nasdaq Canada. The Nasdaq Canada Index is composed of 61 companies. The ticker symbol of this index is CND. NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13336359\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are financial futures that allow an investor to hedge with or speculate on the future value of various components of the NASDAQ market index. Several futures instruments are derived from the Nasdaq composite index, these include the E-mini NASDAQ composite futures, the E-mini NASDAQ biology futures, the NASDAQ-100 futures, and the E-mini NASDAQ-100 futures. All of the NASDAQ derived future contracts are a product of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). They expire quarterly (March, June, September, and December), and are traded on the CME Globex exchange nearly 24 hours a day, from Sunday afternoon to Friday\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ futures\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292498\",\n \"text\": \"Market. It was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. Operations were shut down, however, as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble. In 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived as Equiduct, and is currently operating under Börse Berlin. On June 18, 2012, Nasdaq OMX became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). In November 2016, Nasdaq Chief Operating Officer Adena Friedman was promoted to the role of CEO, becoming the first woman to run a major exchange in the U.S.\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292495\",\n \"text\": \"terms of market capitalization. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets. The National Association of Securities Dealers spun off the Nasdaq Stock Market in 2000 to form a publicly traded company. On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at 5,132.52, but fell to 3227 by April 17, and in the following 30 months fell 78% from its peak. In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a stock market to a licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, Nasdaq merged with OMX,\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292492\",\n \"text\": \"itself of Nasdaq in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. The Nasdaq Stock Market is owned and operated by Nasdaq, Inc., the stock of which was listed on its own securities exchange on July 2, 2002, under the ticker symbol . The Nasdaq Stock Market began trading on February 8, 1971. It was the world's first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a “quotation system” and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades. The Nasdaq Stock Market helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock)\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977086\",\n \"text\": \"Philadelphia Stock Exchange. On May 25, 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX, the Swedish-Finnish financial company that controls 7 Nordic and Baltic stock exchanges, for US$3.7 billion to form NASDAQ OMX Group. As of February 27, 2008, the deal was completed. On June 18, 2012, NASDAQ became a founding member of the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges initiative on the eve of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). On December 12, 2012, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would acquire Thomson Reuters' investor relations, public relations and multimedia businesses for $390 million in cash. NASDAQ OMX completed the purchase\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19040152\",\n \"text\": \"not made public by NASDAQ. \\\"For the latest component information, please refer to the NASDAQ's website.\\\" NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Financial-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675413\",\n \"text\": \"index come up through the Q-50. In 2011, NASDAQ created the NASDAQ-500 to track the 500 largest stocks on NASDAQ, and the NASDAQ-400, tracking those stocks not included in the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ has also divided the 100 into two distinct sub-indices; the NASDAQ-100 Tech follows those components who service the tech sector, and the NASDAQ-100 Ex-Tech, which follows those components that are not considered tech companies. The latter index includes noted E-commerce companies Amazon.com and eBay, which are classified as retailers. \\\"This list is current as of the close of trading on November 16, 2018. An up-to-date list is available\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5079338\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Canada NASDAQ Canada is a wholly owned subsidiary of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc. and was created to extend Nasdaq's North American trading platform in Canada. Nasdaq Canada exists to enhance and ensure Canadian investors immediate trading access (including real time availability of all relevant data) of all Nasdaq securities and issuers with the ability to raise capital more efficiently. Nasdaq Canada is regulated jointly by the NASDR and the Québec Securities Commission (CVMQ). NASDAQ Canada commenced functioning with the inaugural opening of its office from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on 21 November 2000. In the first phase of the\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Canada\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675411\",\n \"text\": \"methodology was created in 1998 in advance of the creation the NASDAQ-100 Index Trust, which holds portions of all NASDAQ-100 firms. The new methodology allowed NASDAQ to reduce the influence of the largest companies and to allow for more diversification. However, the weights of the stocks were not changed after that, which led to more problems. In May 2011, NASDAQ did a major rebalance of the index to bring it closer to market-cap weighting. The index is rebalanced only if: In addition to its lack of financial companies, the Nasdaq-100 includes 12 stocks of 11 companies incorporated outside the United\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19040150\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Financial-100 The NASDAQ Financial-100 is a specialty index operated by NASDAQ that follows stocks in the Financial services index. It was created in 1985 as the sister index to the more widely followed NASDAQ-100. As designed by NASDAQ, this index follows companies that engage in banking, insurance, mortgages, securities trading and real estate. It also has, among its components, exchanges, including NASDAQ itself. To qualify for membership in the index, the following standards must be met: Like the NASDAQ-100, the index is rebalanced annually, only it's done in June. Components that are in the top 100 of financial companies\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Financial-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977083\",\n \"text\": \"Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and NASDAQ OMX Vilnius. It is headquartered in New York City, and its president and chief executive officer is Adena Friedman. Nasdaq, Inc. is the owner of the NASDAQ listing, founded in 1975. In December 2005, the London Stock Exchange Group (LSE) rejected a £1.6 billion takeover offer from Macquarie\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675412\",\n \"text\": \"States. Although the S&P 500 Index includes non-U.S. companies, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has never included foreign companies. As of November 2018, the Nasdaq-100 has companies incorporated in the following foreign countries: Additionally, the NASDAQ-100 is also the only index of the three that has a regularly scheduled re-ranking of its index each year (in December), ensuring that the largest non-financial companies on NASDAQ are accurately included. In 2006, NASDAQ created a \\\"farm team\\\" index, the NASDAQ Q-50, representing the next fifty stocks in line to enter the NASDAQ-100. With some exceptions, most stocks that are added to the\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675410\",\n \"text\": \"occur, via press releases at least five business days before the change takes place. The 2018 results of the re-ranking and rebalancing were announced on December 14, with the changes effective the morning of December 24, coinciding with the expiration of options on December 21. The NASDAQ-100 is frequently confused with the Nasdaq Composite Index. The latter index (often referred to simply as \\\"\\\"The Nasdaq\\\"\\\") includes the stock of every company that is listed on NASDAQ (more than 3,000 altogether) and is quoted more frequently than the NASDAQ-100 in popular media. The NASDAQ-100 is a modified capitalization-weighted index. This particular\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654859\",\n \"text\": \"other derivative securities are not included. If at any time a component security no longer meets the above criteria, the security becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Composite Index and is removed. Investing in the NASDAQ Composite Index is currently made accessible through an exchange-traded fund issued by fund manager Fidelity Investments. Introduced on October 1, 2003, the ETF () attempts to match the overall performance of the index. It is not nearly as popular as the \\\"Q's\\\" () which tracks the NASDAQ-100. NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654850\",\n \"text\": \"the first Internet bubble, and subsequently fell to a low of 1,108.49 on October 10, 2002 when the bubble burst. On April 23, 2015, after over 15 years, the index made a new closing high of 5,056.06. On June 18, 2015, the index made a new all-time high of 5,143.32, finally surpassing the high made during the tech bubble. On January 17, 2018, the Nasdaq finally achieved a new inflation-adjusted closing high from March 10, 2000. The NASDAQ-100, whose components are a subset of the NASDAQ Composite's, accounts for over 90% of the NASDAQ Composite's movement, and there are many\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107081\",\n \"text\": \"Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a financial free zone which opened for business in 2004. Financial activities in the DIFC are governed to international standards by an independent regulator, the Dubai Financial Services Authority. NASDAQ Dubai has a licence from the DFSA to operate an exchange. The President of the DIFC is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the UAE Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai. NASDAQ Dubai is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority, this structure falls into a number of different categories: NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977088\",\n \"text\": \"2013, NASDAQ OMX announced that it would combine its global data products and index businesses into a unit called Global Information Services, as part of an ongoing effort to broaden its portfolio. On June 29, 2007, NASDAQ entered into an agreement to acquire DirectorsDesk.com, a management suite for boards of directors. GlobeNewswire (previously PrimeNewswire) provides press release, editing and wire services. It was founded in 1998 and acquired by NASDAQ OMX in 2006. On July 27, 2010, NASDAQ OMX Group, Inc. acquired SMARTS Group, the world-leading technology provider of market surveillance solutions to exchanges, regulators and brokers. SMARTS Group had\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9439473\",\n \"text\": \"exchange. In 2002, spot market activities were transferred into a newly established company, Nord Pool Spot AS. In 2005, Nord Pool started trading and clearing of EU emission allowances, becoming the first exchange to expand its activities into this area. On 21 December 2007, Nord Pool agreed to sell its two subsidiaries—Nord Pool Clearing, which deals with clearing transactions, and Nord Pool Consulting—to the global exchange operator NASDAQ OMX. On 17 March 2010, NASDAQ OMX announced it will acquire all shares of Nord Pool ASA. The deal does not include Nord Pool Spot AS, which will continue physical electricity market\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9439475\",\n \"text\": \"420 members in total, including exchange members, clearing clients, members and representatives in 20 countries. The customer base for NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe includes 400 members. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a market place for the trade on derivative contracts in the financial market. Financial electricity contracts are used to guarantee prices and manage risk when trading power. NASDAQ OMX Commodities offers contracts of up to ten years' duration, with contracts for days, weeks, months, quarters and years. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe also trades EUAs. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe is a trade name of NASDAQ OMX\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654849\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Composite The NASDAQ Composite (ticker symbol ^IXIC) is a stock market index of the common stocks and similar securities (e.g. ADRs, tracking stocks, limited partnership interests) listed on the NASDAQ stock market. Along with the Dow Jones Average and S&P 500 it is one of the three most-followed indices in US stock markets. The composition of the NASDAQ Composite is heavily weighted towards information technology companies. After launching in 1971 with 50 companies and a starting value of 100, the NASDAQ Composite peaked at a high of 5,132.52 (and a closing price of 5048.62) on March 10, 2000 during\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107075\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Dubai NASDAQ Dubai is a Dubai-based stock exchange that lists regional and international shares in the Middle East. Through the exchange, regional issuers can access regional and international investment. International issuers can access investment from the region, through a primary or dual listing. The NASDAQ Dubai region includes the United Arab Emirates and the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the wider Middle East and North Africa, Turkey and the Indian sub-continent. The majority shareholder of NASDAQ Dubai is DFM, which acquired two thirds of the shares in May 2010 from Borse Dubai and NASDAQ OMX Group. Borse\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977087\",\n \"text\": \"on June 3, 2013. In April 2017, Nasdaq launched Nasdaq Ventures, a venture investment program focused on companies that will help Nasdaq grow its product lines and open new market segments. The first 3 companies announced as part of the program are Chain, a blockchain technology company; Digital Reasoning, cognitive computing technology; and Hanweck, real-time risk analytics. NASDAQ Inc. partners with stock exchanges all over the world. One of the most recent partnerships was signed with Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) in May 2017. According to the agreement, NASDAQ will power Kazakhstan's nascent stock exchange, the AIFC Exchange. In January\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4296017\",\n \"text\": \"As of June 15, 2018, Market capitalization of Vilnius stock exchange equities was 3.9 billion euro, and consist of 30 companies . OMX Vilnius (OMXVGI) is a stock market index for the Nasdaq Vilnius Exchange. NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange (\\\"till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius\\\") is a stock exchange established in 1993 (\\\"Vilnius Stock Exchange\\\", \\\"VSE\\\") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292493\",\n \"text\": \"but was unpopular among brokerages which made much of their money on the spread. The NASDAQ Stock Market eventually assumed the majority of major trades that had been executed by the over-the-counter (OTC) system of trading, but there are still many securities traded in this fashion. As late as 1987, the Nasdaq exchange was still commonly referred to as \\\"OTC\\\" in media reports and also in the monthly Stock Guides (stock guides and procedures) issued by Standard & Poor's Corporation. Over the years, the Nasdaq Stock Market became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1955396\",\n \"text\": \"the Middle East, Africa and the Caribbean. Central Counterparty Clearing (CCC) technology is a significant potential growth area for OMX. OMX's SECUR clearing and Genium trading platform facilitate trade novation, derivatives clearing, risk management and improved liquidity. SECUR clearing and Genium trading technology are in production around the world. OMX's technology customers include: Nasdaq Nordic Nasdaq Nordic is the common name for the subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. that provide financial services and operate marketplaces for securities in Nordic, Baltic, and Caucasus countries. Historically, the operations have been known by the company name \\\"OMX AB\\\" (\\\"Aktiebolaget Optionsmäklarna\\\"/Helsinki Stock E\\\"x\\\"change), which was\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq Nordic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654857\",\n \"text\": \"of 4,176.59 on December 31, 2013. On March 2, 2015, the NASDAQ closed above 5,000 for the first time since March 9, 2000. On April 23, 2015, the NASDAQ finally broke through the record of 15 years earlier and set a new high for a daily close, though it was still just short of the all-time intraday high set in 2000. After its first significant correction (greater than 10%) in about four years, the index roared back above 5,000 with a triple-digit gain on October 23, 2015. Two years later, the Nasdaq crossed 7,000 intraday, which was within reach of\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1955394\",\n \"text\": \"40, on the same date, however the individual exchanges have also retained their own national benchmark indices. On 25 May 2007, NASDAQ agreed to buy OMX for US$3.7 billion. In August 2007, however, Borse Dubai offered US$4 billion, prompting speculation of a bidding war. On 20 September 2007, Borse Dubai agreed to stop competing to buy OMX in return for a 20% stake and 5 percent of votes in NASDAQ as well as NASDAQ's then 28% stake in the London Stock Exchange. In a complex transaction, Borse Dubai acquired 97.2% of OMX's outstanding shares before selling them on to NASDAQ.\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq Nordic\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654854\",\n \"text\": \"31, 2007, the highest point reached on the index since January 24, 2001. High energy prices and the possibility of recession dropped the NASDAQ into a bear market in early 2008, which was recognized on February 6 when the NASDAQ closed below the 2,300 level, about 20% below the recent highs. Furthermore, the failure of Lehman Brothers in September brought world financial markets into turmoil. The NASDAQ was no exception, experiencing record levels of market volatility. On September 29, 2008, the NASDAQ dropped nearly 200 points, the most since the tech bubble burst, losing 9.14% (third largest in history) to\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977089\",\n \"text\": \"been a private company operating out of Sydney, Australia, incorporating the market analysis software of Michael James Aitken. By 2017 SMARTS remained the leading market surveillance software, and was employed by thirteen regulators on forty-five exchanges. NASDAQ OMX sold its stake in the Carpenter Moore D&O Insurance in 2009. Nasdaq, Inc. Nasdaq, Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation that owns and operates (and is listed on) the NASDAQ stock market and eight European stock exchanges, namely Armenian Stock Exchange, Copenhagen Stock Exchange, Helsinki Stock Exchange, Iceland Stock Exchange, Riga Stock Exchange, Stockholm Stock Exchange, Tallinn Stock Exchange, and\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675399\",\n \"text\": \"financial companies distinguishes it from the S&P 500. The NASDAQ-100 began on January 31, 1985 by the NASDAQ, trying to promote itself in the shadow of the New York Stock Exchange. It did so by creating two separate indices: this index, which consists of Industrial, Technology, Retail, Telecommunication, Biotechnology, Health Care, Transportation, Media and Service companies, and the NASDAQ Financial-100, which consists of banking companies, insurance firms, brokerage houses and mortgage companies. By creating these two indices, the NASDAQ hoped that options and futures contracts would be created on them, and mutual funds would adopt them as their benchmarks. The\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107079\",\n \"text\": \"times oversubscribed. In the same month, the exchange launched an Islamic financing Murabaha platform. This offers an alternative to many traditional Murabaha solutions, which can carry a risk of losses through price movements, spreads and poor liquidity as well as delays. In June 2014, NASDAQ Dubai had 28 current Sukuk listings with a total nominal value of USD 18.3 billion, which made Dubai (NASDAQ Dubai plus DFM) the third largest venue in the world for Sukuk listings. Products listed on NASDAQ Dubai include ordinary shares listed by DP World. DP World is the largest IPO in the Middle East and\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107077\",\n \"text\": \"company of NASDAQ Dubai and Dubai Financial Market (DFM). In 2008, NASDAQ Dubai launched the first equity derivatives market in the United Arab Emirates. In 2010, the exchange took a step towards creating a single regional liquidity pool by moving all its equities trading on to DFM’s trading platform. The same year DFM acquired a two-thirds stake in NASDAQ Dubai, with Borse Dubai retaining a one-third stake. In 2011, the exchange transferred its Listing Authority from its own control to that of the Dubai Financial Services Authority. In 2012, the DFSA reduced the minimum market capitalisation for companies to list\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977084\",\n \"text\": \"Bank. The LSE described the offer as \\\"derisory\\\". It then received a bid in March 2006 for £2.4 billion from NASDAQ, which was also rejected by the LSE. NASDAQ later pulled its bid, and less than two weeks later on April 11, 2006, struck a deal with LSE's largest shareholder, Ameriprise Financial's Threadneedle Asset Management unit, to acquire all of that firm's stake, consisting of 35.4 million shares, at £11.75 per share. NASDAQ also purchased 2.69 million additional shares, resulting in a total stake of 15%. While the seller of those shares was undisclosed, it occurred simultaneously with a sale\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13336362\",\n \"text\": \"In the United States broad-based index futures receive special tax treatment under the IRS 60/40 rule. Stocks held longer than one year qualify for favorable capital gains tax treatment, while stocks held one year or less are taxed at ordinary income. However, proceeds from index futures contracts traded in the short term are taxed 60 percent at the favorable capital gains rate, and only 40 percent as ordinary income. Also, losses on NASDAQ futures can be carried back up to 3 years, and tax reporting is significantly simpler, as they qualify as Section 1256 Contracts. NASDAQ futures NASDAQ futures are\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ futures\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"292496\",\n \"text\": \"a leading exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint, and changed its name to the NASDAQ OMX Group. To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), must have at least three market makers (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities) and must meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders. In February 2011, in the wake of an announced merger of NYSE Euronext with Deutsche Börse, speculation developed that NASDAQ OMX and Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) could mount a\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17544507\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14573152\",\n \"text\": \"Stand Up For Mental Health Stand Up For Mental Health (SMH), founded in 2004, is a program based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in which people who have mental illness (e.g. bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder) are taught stand-up comedy as a form of therapy and then present to the community as a way of addressing the stigma, discrimination, and prejudice surrounding mental health problems. SMH does not consider itself a replacement for medication or conventional therapy, simply as a supplemental way for people with mental illness to feel better about themselves while educating\",\n \"title\": \"Stand Up For Mental Health\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14663203\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Private Market NASDAQ Private Market is an American SaaS company that provides transaction software to private companies and investment funds looking to do tender offers or share buybacks. The company also has a trading business arm for buying and selling illiquid assets, including auction‐rate securities, bankruptcy claims, limited partnership interests, private company stock, restricted securities in public companies, structured products, and whole loans. In the early days of the company a major source of business came from its platform for trading shares of Facebook and other in-demand startups. SecondMarket Solutions changed its name to NASDAQ Private Market after being\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Private Market\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11778803\",\n \"text\": \"Nasdaq First North Nasdaq First North is a division of Nasdaq Nordic and an alternative stock exchange for smaller companies in Europe. The market place Nya Marknaden in Stockholm changed name to First North in June 2006 and the First North exchange expanded to the stock exchange on Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007. First North is Nasdaq's European growth market, designed for small and growing companies. Using a less extensive rulebook than the main market, the First North market provides companies more room to focus on their business and development while still taking advantage of all\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq First North\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107076\",\n \"text\": \"Dubai still owns one third of the shares. NASDAQ Dubai is located in the Dubai International Financial Centre, a financial free zone. The exchange is regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority. The exchange launched on 26 September 2005 under the name Dubai International Financial Exchange (DIFX), which initially listed equities and index products. In 2007, the exchange listed the largest IPO in the Middle East, when DP World raised USD 4.96 billion. In 2008, NASDAQ OMX acquired a one-third stake in the DIFX and it rebranded to NASDAQ Dubai. The other two-thirds was owned by Borse Dubai, the holding\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4942704\",\n \"text\": \"Square system and process have been upgraded and changed several times but remain protected by the broad claims and novel uses outlined in the original patent. The current MarketSite facility utilizes a complex system of videowall processors and data feeds to provide broadcasters with a dynamic real-time data background. This system shares nothing with the original Whitehall street iteration of the MarketSite, having been upgraded and redesigned several times due to advances in technology. NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ MarketSite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4942702\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ MarketSite NASDAQ MarketSite (or simply MarketSite) is the commercial marketing presence of the NASDAQ stock market. Located in Times Square in New York City, it occupies the northwest corner of the bottom of 4 Times Square. The exterior wall of the seven-story cylindrical tower is an LED electronic video display that provides market quotes, financial news and advertisements. It was built in 1999 and made its debut on January 1st, 2000. The ground floor of the glass-walled MarketSite contains a television studio. A wall of rear-projection monitors 44 feet (17 m) long by 14 feet (4 m) high display\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ MarketSite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675430\",\n \"text\": \"(DISCA) (DISCK), Norwegian Cruise Lines, Tractor Supply and Viacom. On July 23, PepsiCo replaced Dish Network. On November 5, NXP Semiconductors replaced CA, who merged with Broadcom. On November 19, Xcel Energy replaced Dentsply Sirona. On December 14, NASDAQ announced that 6 stocks will join the index. They are Advanced Micro Devices, lululemon Athletica, NetApp, United Continental Holdings, Verisign, and Willis Towers Watson. They will replace Express Scripts, Hologic, Qurate Retail Group, Seagate Technology, Shire and Vodafone. NASDAQ-100 The NASDAQ-100 (^NDX) is a stock market index made up of 103 equity securities issued by 100 of the largest non-financial companies\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16303662\",\n \"text\": \"is current as of February 18, 2011. An up-to-date list is available in the External Links section. It should be noted that this is an alphabetical list, and not a ranked list\\\" Name Symbol NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11.\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Transportation Index\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16303661\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ Transportation Index The NASDAQ Transportation Index (Symbol: TRAN) is a capitalization-weighted stock market index designed to measure the performance of all NASDAQ stocks in the transportation sector. The index was developed with a base value of 100 as of February 5, 1971. The parent index is NASDAQ Composite Index. The index closed the year 1990 at 417.07. The index closed the year 1999 at 999.11. In October 2007, it hit an all-time closing high of 3,107.87. Then in March 2009, it hit a six-year closing low of 1,242.50. In March 2014 it broke the high from 2007. \\\"This list\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Transportation Index\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9439474\",\n \"text\": \"trading operations independently. The deal was approved by market regulators on 31 May 2010. On 1 November 2010, Nord Pool ASA changed its name to NASDAQ OMX Oslo ASA and introduced a trade name NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe. NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe provides a marketplace for financial trading in electrical power, and emission allowances and emission credits. It has its main office in Oslo with offices in Stockholm and Helsinki. The NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe market membership includes energy producers, energy intensive industries, large consumers, distributors, funds, investment companies, banks, brokers, utility companies and financial institutions. It has more than\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ OMX Commodities Europe\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4296016\",\n \"text\": \"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius The Nasdaq Vilnius Stock Exchange (\\\"till 2015 m. – Nasdaq OMX Vilnius\\\") is a stock exchange established in 1993 (\\\"Vilnius Stock Exchange\\\", \\\"VSE\\\") operating in Vilnius, Lithuania. It is owned by Nasdaq Nordic, which also operates Helsinki Stock Exchange and Stockholm Stock Exchange. VSE, together with Riga Stock Exchange and Tallinn Stock Exchange is part of the joint Baltic market that was established to minimize investing barriers between Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian markets. It has a pre-market session from 08:45am to 10:00am, a normal trading session from 10:00am to 04:00pm and post-market session from 04:00pm to 04:30pm.\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ OMX Vilnius\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14663209\",\n \"text\": \"(BIT) is a private, open-ended trust that derives its value solely from the price of bitcoin. The NASDAQ Private Market (formerly known as \\\"SecondMarket\\\") acts as the custodian and the trust is audited by Ernst & Young. The trust is managed through a subsidiary of SecondMarket, which is the Digital Currency Group and Grayscale. Grayscale also manages the Ethereum Classic Investment Trust SecondMarket (now known as the NASDAQ Private Market) announced in February 2014 that it planned to open a regulated, US-based bitcoin exchange. It was planning to spin off a separate company for all its Bitcoin activities. NASDAQ Private\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Private Market\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14663204\",\n \"text\": \"acquired by NASDAQ in a joint venture with SharesPost. In October 2015 NASDAQ took full ownership of NASDAQ Private Market. Prior to using the name SecondMarket the company was known as Restricted Stock Partners, Inc. SecondMarket was founded in 2004 by Barry Silbert to provide liquidity for restricted securities in public companies. Beginning in early 2008, SecondMarket expanded into other asset classes—first auction‐rate securities, then bankruptcy claims, limited partnership interests, structured products (MBS, CDO, ABS), whole loans, private company stock, government IOUs and bitcoins. In 2007, the company raised an undisclosed amount of Series A financing from venture capital firm\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Private Market\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11778805\",\n \"text\": \"investors, First North offers an opportunity to invest in companies that are in an interesting stage of their growth. In addition, First North is a diversified market where companies represent a variety of industries, operating both in the Nordics and globally. Nasdaq First North Nasdaq First North is a division of Nasdaq Nordic and an alternative stock exchange for smaller companies in Europe. The market place Nya Marknaden in Stockholm changed name to First North in June 2006 and the First North exchange expanded to the stock exchange on Iceland in January 2007 and Helsinki in April 2007. First North\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq First North\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17544483\",\n \"text\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \\\"The Fox\\\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11958748\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11958746\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9654858\",\n \"text\": \"the inflation-adjusted high set back on March 10, 2000. Although Nasdaq flirted with the \\\"unthinkable milestone\\\" on January 16, 2018, the COMP closed above it the next day for the first time since the end of the Dot-com boom. To be eligible for inclusion in the Composite, a security's U.S. listing must be exclusively on the NASDAQ Stock Market (unless the security was dually listed on another U.S. market prior to 2004 and has continuously maintained such listing), and must be one of the following security types: Closed-end funds, convertible debentures, exchange traded funds, preferred stocks, rights, warrants, units and\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Composite\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6107080\",\n \"text\": \"raised $ 4.96 billion. It was 15x oversubscribed and is one of the most valued companies in the region. In 2014, Emirates REIT carried out an IPO on the exchange, becoming the first Real Estate Investment Trust to list in the GCC. The exchange is the third largest in the world for listed Sukuk by value and conventional bonds are also listed. Equity derivatives can be traded. The exchange operates a Murabaha platform for Islamic financing. The trading hours of NASDAQ Dubai are from 10:00 am to 2:00 pm (06:00 am to 10:00 pm GMT) from Sunday to Thursday. NASDAQ\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ Dubai\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675424\",\n \"text\": \"On March 23, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced Equinix in the index. Equinix converted into a REIT, making it ineligible for inclusion in the NASDAQ-100, but it did gain eligibility for the NASDAQ Financial-100. On July 1, Liberty Interactive created two new tracking stocks, tracking the company's interests in Latin America. Both tracking stocks were added to the index the same day. On July 2, Kraft Foods and Heinz completed their merger, becoming the Kraft Heinz Company. Catamaran Corporation was removed from the index after the close of trading on July 23, after going private. JD.com replaced it on July 29.\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13519959\",\n \"text\": \"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \\\"Duotones\\\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13519957\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20751228\",\n \"text\": \"Braderman's \\\"mixture of contempt and glee\\\" in her treatment of \\\"Dynasty\\\", others claimed that her fascination/repulsion with the show served in part, to reproduce the themes she attempted to deconstruct. But Norwegian media scholar Jostein Gripsrud said the film was \\\"a truly remarkable piece of what [Braderman] calls 'stand-up theory,\\\" and filmmaker Yvonne Rainer asserted that the film \\\"has become the classic feminist performance video of the era\\\". The film has become a standard for college course syllabi in video art, media theory and video and film production courses. Joan Does Dynasty Joan Does Dynasty (A Neopagan, Postsituationist, Socialist/Anarcho/Feminist Expose)\",\n \"title\": \"Joan Does Dynasty\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13623738\",\n \"text\": \"of Clapton and his band talking, laughing and playing table football can be seen and heard. The video to \\\"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It\\\" fades out to another rehearsal section, as the music does also, to the end. It was published under license of the Warner Music Group originally in 2001 for TV broadcasting and was made available legally via various Internet platforms in 2007. I Ain't Gonna Stand for It \\\"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It\\\" is the second single from Stevie Wonder's 1980 album, \\\"Hotter Than July\\\". It reached number four on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B singles chart\",\n \"title\": \"I Ain't Gonna Stand for It\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9266628\",\n \"text\": \"as the Trade Reporting Facility (TRF). ACT (NASDAQ) ACT, or Automated Confirmation of Transactions, is a system for reporting and clearing trades in the over-the-counter (OTC) and NASDAQ securities markets. In contrast to Qualified Special Representative (QSR) clearing via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), which requires multiple relationships between brokers, dealers, and clearing firms, ACT facilitates and simplifies the process of clearing by providing a single counterparty to interact with. ACT offers a risk management system that allows clearing firms to monitor the activity of their clients. This tool is unique within the clearing business. The Financial Industry Regulatory\",\n \"title\": \"ACT (NASDAQ)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9266627\",\n \"text\": \"ACT (NASDAQ) ACT, or Automated Confirmation of Transactions, is a system for reporting and clearing trades in the over-the-counter (OTC) and NASDAQ securities markets. In contrast to Qualified Special Representative (QSR) clearing via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), which requires multiple relationships between brokers, dealers, and clearing firms, ACT facilitates and simplifies the process of clearing by providing a single counterparty to interact with. ACT offers a risk management system that allows clearing firms to monitor the activity of their clients. This tool is unique within the clearing business. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) also refers to ACT\",\n \"title\": \"ACT (NASDAQ)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4977085\",\n \"text\": \"by Scottish Widows of 2.69 million shares. The move was seen as an effort to force LSE to negotiate either a partnership or eventual merger, as well as to block other suitors such as NYSE Euronext, owner of the New York Stock Exchange. Subsequent purchases increased NASDAQ's stake to 29%, holding off competing bids for several months. However, only a further 0.4% of shareholders accepted the offer by the deadline and therefore the offer was rejected on February 10, 2007. On October 2, 2007, NASDAQ purchased the Boston Stock Exchange. On November 7, NASDAQ announced an agreement to purchase the\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq, Inc.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675408\",\n \"text\": \"only rebalanced once a year, in December, when NASDAQ reviews its components, compares them with those not in the index, re-ranks all eligible companies and makes the appropriate adjustments. There are two tools the NASDAQ uses to determine the market values of companies for the annual review: Those components that are in the top 100 of all eligible companies at the annual review are retained in the index. Those ranked 101 to 125 are retained only if they were in the top 100 of the previous year's annual review. If they fail to move into the top 100 in the\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2675407\",\n \"text\": \"before being included in the index. Those standards include the following: Additionally, since 2014, companies with multiple classes of stock are allowed to have multiple classes included in the index, provided they meet NASDAQ's criteria. Prior to 2014, companies were limited to one class of stock in the index (usually the one with the larger market capitalization). While the composition of the NASDAQ-100 changes in the case of delisting (such as transferring to another exchange, merging with another company, or declaring bankruptcy, and in a few cases, being delisted by NASDAQ for failing to meet listing requirements), the index is\",\n \"title\": \"NASDAQ-100\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1955392\",\n \"text\": \"of the year. The company took a 10% stake in Oslo Børs Holding ASA, the owner of the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2006. As of September 2016, Nasdaq is not a major shareholder in the Oslo Stock Exchange holding company, which following a merger is currently called \\\"Oslo Børs VPS Holding ASA\\\". Nasdaq has, however, publicly stated its interest in eventually acquiring the Oslo Stock Exchange. OMX acquired the Armenian Stock Exchange and Central Depository in November 2007. In December 2005 OMX started First North, an alternative exchange for smaller companies, in Denmark. The First North exchange expanded to\",\n \"title\": \"Nasdaq Nordic\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":292,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"293"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"when did vikings colonize greenland?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"628499","text":"US–Denmark treaty by the Home Rule government. The 1999–2003 Commission on Self-Governance even proposed that Greenland should aim at Thule Air Base's removal from American authority and operation under the aegis of the United Nations. History of Greenland The first humans are thought to have arrived in Greenland around 2500 BC. Their descendants apparently died out and were succeeded by several other groups migrating from continental North America. There has been no evidence discovered that Greenland was known to Europeans until the 10th century, when Icelandic Vikings settled on its southwestern coast, which seems to have been uninhabited when they","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"628441","text":"History of Greenland The first humans are thought to have arrived in Greenland around 2500 BC. Their descendants apparently died out and were succeeded by several other groups migrating from continental North America. There has been no evidence discovered that Greenland was known to Europeans until the 10th century, when Icelandic Vikings settled on its southwestern coast, which seems to have been uninhabited when they arrived. The ancestors of the Inuit Greenlanders who live there today appear to have migrated there later, around 1200 AD, from northwestern Greenland. While the Inuit survived in the icy world of the Little Ice","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"472860","text":"isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period. Norse colonization of the Americas has been associated with warmer periods. The common theory is that Norsemen took advantage of ice-free seas to colonize areas in Greenland and other outlying lands of the far north. However a study from Columbia University suggests that Greenland was not colonized in warmer weather, but in fact the warming effect was very short term. , the climate was sufficiently warm for the Vikings to journey to Newfoundland and establish a short-lived outpost there. From around 985, Vikings","title":"Medieval Warm Period"},{"docid":"155188","text":"Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, having previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government. These Norsemen would later set sail from Greenland and Iceland, with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands. Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century when Norway was hit by the","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"628447","text":"late Dorset culture in the north of Greenland lasted until about 1300. Meanwhile the Norse arrived and settled in the southern part of the island in 980. Europeans became aware of Greenland's existence, probably in the early 10th century, when Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, sailing from Norway to Iceland, was blown off course by a storm and sighted some islands off Greenland. During the 980s, explorers led by Erik the Red set out from Iceland and reached the southwest coast of Greenland, found the region uninhabited, and subsequently settled there. Erik named the island Greenland (\"Grœnland\" in Old Norse, \"Grænland\" in modern","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"17600901","text":"Danish people in Greenland Danish Greenlanders are Danish immigrants in Greenland and their descendants. Danish Greenlanders are a minority ethnic group in Greenland, accounting for around 11% of the territory's population. Greenlandic Inuit (including mixed-race persons) make up approximately 85%–90% of the total (2009 estimate). Attracted by good employment opportunities with high wages, many Danes settled in the town of Nuuk during the 1990s. Nuuk has the highest proportion of Danes of any town in Greenland. There was continuous Scandinavian settlement in south-western Greenland from the 10th century until the 15th century. It remains unclear exactly when and how these","title":"Danish people in Greenland"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"628499\",\n \"text\": \"US–Denmark treaty by the Home Rule government. The 1999–2003 Commission on Self-Governance even proposed that Greenland should aim at Thule Air Base's removal from American authority and operation under the aegis of the United Nations. History of Greenland The first humans are thought to have arrived in Greenland around 2500 BC. Their descendants apparently died out and were succeeded by several other groups migrating from continental North America. There has been no evidence discovered that Greenland was known to Europeans until the 10th century, when Icelandic Vikings settled on its southwestern coast, which seems to have been uninhabited when they\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628441\",\n \"text\": \"History of Greenland The first humans are thought to have arrived in Greenland around 2500 BC. Their descendants apparently died out and were succeeded by several other groups migrating from continental North America. There has been no evidence discovered that Greenland was known to Europeans until the 10th century, when Icelandic Vikings settled on its southwestern coast, which seems to have been uninhabited when they arrived. The ancestors of the Inuit Greenlanders who live there today appear to have migrated there later, around 1200 AD, from northwestern Greenland. While the Inuit survived in the icy world of the Little Ice\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"472860\",\n \"text\": \"isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period. Norse colonization of the Americas has been associated with warmer periods. The common theory is that Norsemen took advantage of ice-free seas to colonize areas in Greenland and other outlying lands of the far north. However a study from Columbia University suggests that Greenland was not colonized in warmer weather, but in fact the warming effect was very short term. , the climate was sufficiently warm for the Vikings to journey to Newfoundland and establish a short-lived outpost there. From around 985, Vikings\",\n \"title\": \"Medieval Warm Period\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155188\",\n \"text\": \"Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, having previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government. These Norsemen would later set sail from Greenland and Iceland, with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands. Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century when Norway was hit by the\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628447\",\n \"text\": \"late Dorset culture in the north of Greenland lasted until about 1300. Meanwhile the Norse arrived and settled in the southern part of the island in 980. Europeans became aware of Greenland's existence, probably in the early 10th century, when Gunnbjörn Ulfsson, sailing from Norway to Iceland, was blown off course by a storm and sighted some islands off Greenland. During the 980s, explorers led by Erik the Red set out from Iceland and reached the southwest coast of Greenland, found the region uninhabited, and subsequently settled there. Erik named the island Greenland (\\\"Grœnland\\\" in Old Norse, \\\"Grænland\\\" in modern\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17600901\",\n \"text\": \"Danish people in Greenland Danish Greenlanders are Danish immigrants in Greenland and their descendants. Danish Greenlanders are a minority ethnic group in Greenland, accounting for around 11% of the territory's population. Greenlandic Inuit (including mixed-race persons) make up approximately 85%–90% of the total (2009 estimate). Attracted by good employment opportunities with high wages, many Danes settled in the town of Nuuk during the 1990s. Nuuk has the highest proportion of Danes of any town in Greenland. There was continuous Scandinavian settlement in south-western Greenland from the 10th century until the 15th century. It remains unclear exactly when and how these\",\n \"title\": \"Danish people in Greenland\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"17475093","text":"When Vikings Attack! When Vikings Attack! is a fighting video game by British studio Clever Beans. The game was released in November 6, 2012 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 and supports Sony's cross-play feature on the PS Vita. It is included on the \"Best of PlayStation Network Vol. 1\" compilation disc, released June 18, 2013. When Vikings Attack! plays like an arena melee-brawler game. The only weapons are thrown objects. Players control a small group of civilians fighting hordes of vikings. The objective is to pick up objects and throw them in order to knock out enemies.","title":"When Vikings Attack!"},{"docid":"155197","text":"colonize Greenland has been characterized recently as a land scam, the scam (and the name) portraying Greenland as better farm land than in Iceland. The Norse settlements, such as Brattahlíð, thrived for centuries but disappeared sometime in the 15th century, perhaps at the onset of the Little Ice Age. Apart from some runic inscriptions, no contemporary records or historiography survives from the Norse settlements. Medieval Norwegian sagas and historical works mention Greenland's economy as well as the bishops of Gardar and the collection of tithes. A chapter in the \"Konungs skuggsjá\" (The King's Mirror) describes Norse Greenland's exports and imports","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"447153","text":"of Iceland by Norwegian Vikings began in the ninth century. The first source that Iceland and Greenland appear in is a papal letter of 1053. Twenty years later, they are then seen in the \"Gesta\" of Adam of Bremen. It was not until after 1130, when the islands had become Christianized, that accounts of the history of the islands were written from the point of view of the inhabitants in sagas and chronicles. The Vikings explored the northern islands and coasts of the North Atlantic, ventured south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople, and the Middle East. They","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"17475095","text":"man standing and survival mode. The game also features collection extra for view collected citizens of different outfits and movies. The game received mixed to fairly positive reviews. IGN gave the game a 6.5, praising the unique gameplay, but claims it gets repetitive after a while. When Vikings Attack! When Vikings Attack! is a fighting video game by British studio Clever Beans. The game was released in November 6, 2012 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 and supports Sony's cross-play feature on the PS Vita. It is included on the \"Best of PlayStation Network Vol. 1\" compilation disc,","title":"When Vikings Attack!"},{"docid":"3252895","text":"and with a high tempo. As working dogs they are especially valued for their physical strength and endurance. The Vikings were the first Europeans to settle in Greenland and subsequently became aware of these dogs. Then others like the early European whalers, explorers and fur traders in Canada and North America trained dog-sledding skills from the natives of the Arctic region, and used with great success the Greenland dog when hunting, exploring and traveling across the Arctic regions. It is thought that the first dogs were brought to Britain around 1750; an Esquimaux bitch was exhibited at one of the","title":"Greenland Dog"},{"docid":"6754896","text":"where he then sailed south searching for habitable areas. After two years of exploring, he returned to Iceland and told of his discoveries and giving Greenland it name as a way to attract settlers. Over-wintering in Iceland, Erik set sail again intending to colonize Greenland. His expedition has 30 ships but only 14 reach their destination. Erik founded a colony at Brattahlid (ON: \"Brattahlíð\") in the south-west of the island where be became a respected leader. Erik and Thjodhild had three sons Leif (ON: \"Leifr\"), Thorvald (ON: \"Þorvaldr\") and Thorstein (ON: \"Þorsteinn\") and a daughter Freydis (ON: \"Freydís\"). A man","title":"Greenland saga"},{"docid":"20849965","text":"Cup tournament was created in 1980. The tournament used knock-out rules, so when a team was defeated, thy would be out of the tournament. The tournament matches did not have extra time, nor did they go to a penalty shootout. Matches where replayed if drawn. The Its first tournament was held in Sauðárkrókur, which saw Iceland's national team beat Greenland 4-1. Iceland's Marteinn Geirsson, Páll Ólafsson, Lárus Guðmundsson, and Guðmundur Steinsson scored a goal each, however, Greenland forward Kristofer Ludvigsen scored the last goal. Two years after the first edition, 1983 saw the second Greenland Cup. The match for the","title":"Greenland Cup"},{"docid":"447178","text":"sites associated with Vikings throughout Europe and their sphere of influence—in Scandinavia, the British Isles, Ireland, Greenland, Iceland, Faeroe Islands, Germany, The Baltic, Russia, etc. The burial practices of the Vikings were quite varied, from dug graves in the ground, to tumuli, sometimes including so-called ship burials. According to written sources, most of the funerals took place at sea. The funerals involved either burial or cremation, depending on local customs. In the area that is now Sweden, cremations were predominant; in Denmark burial was more common; and in Norway both were common. Viking barrows are one of the primary source","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"447133","text":"Vikings Vikings (—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who during the late 8th to late 11th centuries, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Norse home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age. This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia,","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"155223","text":"insects including butterflies from beneath the southern Greenland glacier was estimated to date to 450,000 to 900,000 years ago, according to the remnants retrieved from this long-vanished boreal forest. That view contrasts sharply with the prevailing one that a lush forest of this kind could not have existed in Greenland any later than 2.4 million years ago. These DNA samples suggest that the temperature probably reached in the summer and in the winter. They also indicate that during the last interglacial period, 130,000–116,000 years ago, when local temperatures were on average higher than now, the glaciers on Greenland did not","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"4191020","text":"club was purchased by Greenland Holding Group Company Limited. On 6 February 2014, Greenland Holding Group Company Limited announced that the club's official name would be changed to \"Shanghai Greenland FC, Shanghai Greenland Shenhua team\" and it was hoped that by retaining Shenhua within the official team name it would appease the fans by reflecting on the club's heritage. This did not work and when subsequent badge alterations, which eliminated Shenhua from the teams logo it drew significant criticism by many of the club's supporters who publicly voiced their dissatisfaction with this on 9 March 2014 during the league game","title":"Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C."},{"docid":"7977089","text":"Federation league, joining the Vålerenga Trolls and the Kolbotn Kodiaks. In 1990, 1991 and 1992 the Vikings won three consecutive National Championships under coach Mark Troop. They lost the National Championship game to the Trolls in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997, before they reclaimed the National Championship in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2002.<br> The Vikings senior team have made it to the championship game in all of its years of existence except in 2003 and 2004, when the team did not make the playoffs. In 2008 they did not make it to the EFL quarter finals, after losing against","title":"Oslo Vikings"},{"docid":"9862126","text":"for the 49ers. The Vikings did go on to win the game, 27–22. 1964 was also the only season that the Vikings wore white jerseys at home games. This led to confusion when the Detroit Lions came to Bloomington with only their white jerseys. The game started with both teams wearing white jerseys. The Vikings retrieved their purple jerseys from Midway Stadium in Saint Paul. The Vikings changed from white jerseys to purple jerseys on the sidelines. That led to the Vikings wearing all-purple uniforms. Max Winter became the team president in 1965. The Vikings played their first regular season","title":"History of the Minnesota Vikings"},{"docid":"155214","text":"the European Common Market in 1972, Denmark began to seek a different status for Greenland, resulting in the Home Rule Act of 1979. This gave Greenland limited autonomy with its own legislature taking control of some internal policies, while the Parliament of Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. The Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, remains Greenland's Head of state. In 1985, Greenland left the European Economic Community (EEC) upon achieving self-rule, as it did not agree with the EEC's commercial fishing regulations and an EEC ban","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"10207138","text":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\" is a 1978 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye for his \"Here, My Dear\" album, following his 1976 divorce when he was ordered to give half the takings of his next album to ex-wife Anna Gaye. In the album, he \"poured his emotions into songs agonisingly documenting their relationship's rise and fall.\" The song was a six-minute-long opus that has been considered the centerpiece of the \"Here, My Dear\" album. As if offering confessional testimony to","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"docid":"9862182","text":"playoff berth ended when they lost to the Washington Redskins 32–21 on NBC's \"Sunday Night Football.\" The Vikings then dropped their final regular season game against the Denver Broncos at Invesco Field 22–19. However, unlike in 2004, the Vikings had an 8–8 record but did not make the playoffs. Adrian Peterson also won the NFL's Rookie of the Year award. To replace departing free agent quarterbacks Kelly Holcomb and Brooks Bollinger, the Vikings signed veteran Gus Frerotte, a former Vikings backup from 2003 to 2004, and drafted USC quarterback John David Booty. To amp up the passing attack, the Vikings","title":"History of the Minnesota Vikings"},{"docid":"155253","text":"movements proselytizing fellow Christians. The rate of suicide in Greenland is very high. According to a 2010 census, Greenland holds the highest suicide rate in the world. Other significant social issues faced by Greenland are high rates of unemployment, alcoholism, and HIV/AIDS. Alcohol consumption rates in Greenland reached their height in the 1980s, when it was twice as high as in Denmark, and had by 2010 fallen slightly below the average level of consumption in Denmark (which is the 12th highest in the world). But at the same time alcohol prices are much higher, meaning that consumption has a high","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"155206","text":"the Americas. After 15 years in Greenland, Hans Egede left his son Paul Egede in charge of the mission there and returned to Denmark, where he established a Greenland Seminary. This new colony was centred at Godthåb (\"Good Hope\") on the southwest coast. Gradually, Greenland was opened up to Danish merchants, and closed to those from other countries. When the union between the crowns of Denmark and Norway was dissolved in 1814, the Treaty of Kiel severed Norway's former colonies and left them under the control of the Danish monarch. Norway occupied then-uninhabited eastern Greenland as Erik the Red's Land","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"155205","text":"The pilot on all three trips was English explorer James Hall. After the Norse settlements died off, Greenland came under the de facto control of various Inuit groups, but the Danish government never forgot or relinquished the claims to Greenland that it had inherited from the Norse. When it re-established contact with Greenland in the early 17th century, Denmark asserted its sovereignty over the island. In 1721, a joint mercantile and clerical expedition led by Danish-Norwegian missionary Hans Egede was sent to Greenland, not knowing whether a Norse civilization remained there. This expedition is part of the Dano-Norwegian colonization of","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"155189","text":"Black Death and entered a severe decline. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"Terra do Lavrador\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Danish explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark–Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. Because of Norway's weak status, it lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. Greenland became Danish in 1814, and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark. In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"16495076","text":"and Frederik Lynge to represent it on the board of the Royal Greenland Trading Department. Greenland Provincial Council The Greenland Provincial Council () was the provincial government of Greenland between 1950, when it was formed from the union of the earlier North and South Greenland Provincial Councils, and 1 May 1979, when it was replaced by the Greenland Home Rule Government and its Parliament (; ). The Provincial Council had thirteen members and was presided over by a royally-appointed Governor (\"Landshevding\"), assisted by an interpreter. The translation is inexact and carries some political overtones. There are Greenlanders who prefer to","title":"Greenland Provincial Council"},{"docid":"16495072","text":"Greenland Provincial Council The Greenland Provincial Council () was the provincial government of Greenland between 1950, when it was formed from the union of the earlier North and South Greenland Provincial Councils, and 1 May 1979, when it was replaced by the Greenland Home Rule Government and its Parliament (; ). The Provincial Council had thirteen members and was presided over by a royally-appointed Governor (\"Landshevding\"), assisted by an interpreter. The translation is inexact and carries some political overtones. There are Greenlanders who prefer to refer to the former \"Landsråd\" as the Greenland National Council. It was occasionally referred to","title":"Greenland Provincial Council"},{"docid":"16819612","text":"winter, the region is covered by sea ice. In early spring when the sea ice vanishes, the layer gets thicker (up to 1.5 km). When the Polar day starts in late March the seasonal cycle starts again with another shallow mixed layer. Greenland Plain The Greenland Abyssal Plain at is a bathymetric depression in the Greenland Sea. It is delimited by Mohns Ridge and Jan Mayen pressure zone in the South and separated by a smaller ridge to the Boreas Abyssal Plain in the North. In 1988/89 ocean acoustic tomography was performed there to study the Greenland Sea gyre and","title":"Greenland Plain"},{"docid":"3252888","text":"Greenland Dog The Greenland Dog (Greenlandic: \"Kalaallit Qimmiat\", Danish: \"Grønlandshunden\") is a large breed of husky-type dog kept as a sled dog and for hunting polar bear and seal. They were brought from Siberia to North America by the Thule people 1,000 years ago, along with the Canadian Eskimo Dog that is genetically identical. The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago. However, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia. Dogs first appeared in Greenland around","title":"Greenland Dog"},{"docid":"155302","text":"Telecommunications in Greenland Telecommunications in Greenland include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Greenland has, by law, only one service provider for telecommunications and the Internet, TELE Greenland, which is fully owned by the Greenlandic Home Rule government. TELE Greenland provides switched telephone and data, land mobile communications, and VHF and MF shore-to-ship communication. This type of monopoly is not uncommon in Greenland. Television in Greenland began in the 1960s. Privately owned transmitters were created to receive TV from Canada, Iceland, and Denmark. This can date as far back when television was introduced to Greenland in the","title":"Telecommunications in Greenland"},{"docid":"628490","text":"a rather independent status. Its supplies were guaranteed by the United States and Canada. One Dane was killed in combat with Germans in Greenland. During the Cold War, Greenland had a strategic importance, controlling parts of the passage between the Soviet Arctic harbours and the Atlantic, as well as being a good base for observing any use of intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically planned to pass over the Arctic. The United States therefore had a geopolitical interest in Greenland, and in 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100,000,000 but Denmark did not agree to sell. In","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"271650","text":"the wild card game, the Vikings the rival Green Bay Packers in their first-ever playoff meeting, 31–17. In doing so, the Vikings became the second team in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (The St. Louis Rams did the same thing only a day earlier). In the divisional round, the Vikings by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles. On March 2, 2005, Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders for linebacker Napoleon Harris and the Raiders' first round draft pick. After struggling to a disappointing","title":"Minnesota Vikings"},{"docid":"155210","text":"the Landsrådene, recommended patience and no radical reform of the system. Two years later, the first step towards a change of government was initiated when a grand commission was established. A final report (G-50) was presented in 1950: Greenland was to be a modern welfare state with Denmark as sponsor and example. In 1953 Greenland was made an equal part of the Danish Kingdom. Home rule was granted in 1979. Following World War II, the United States developed a geopolitical interest in Greenland, and in 1946 the United States offered to buy the island from Denmark for $100,000,000. Denmark refused","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"16908911","text":"made it to Greenland. From 1905 to 1923 Greenland was part of the now derelict Diocese of Zealand. From 1923 to 1993 it was part of the Diocese of Copenhagen. In 1980 a bishop was appointed for Greenland on behalf of the Bishop of Copenhagen. The Diocese was only re-established in 1993 when it was renamed as the Diocese of Greenland, independent from the Diocese of Copenhagen. The Church of Greenland, in common with other institutions within the territory, is governed from Denmark, but with a large measure of autonomy. The Church of Greenland consists of a single diocese, which","title":"Church of Greenland"},{"docid":"10341498","text":"grass pitch due to the permafrost which envelops Greenland. An artificial grass pitch was laid at Nuuk Stadium in 2016, which FIFA now allows, but the stadium still lacks other required features. Following the entry of Gibraltar into UEFA and later FIFA, Greenland may be the next to try to enter. However, the organisation did join the Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA) in May 2016. Football is the most popular sport in Greenland with about 5,500 players, out of a population of ~55,000. The Greenland Football Federation was started in 1971 and they have their office in Nuuk. The","title":"Football Association of Greenland"},{"docid":"628460","text":"less hospitable to agriculture. Erosion of the soil was a danger from the beginning, one that the Greenland settlements may not have recognized until it was too late. For an extended time, nonetheless, the relatively warm West Greenland current flowing northwards along the southwestern coast of Greenland made it feasible for the Norse to farm much as their relatives did in Iceland or northern Norway. Palynologists' tests on pollen counts and fossilized plants prove that the Greenlanders must have struggled with soil erosion and deforestation. A Norse farm in the Vatnahverfi district, excavated in the 1950s, had been buried in","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"17817460","text":"most of the public sector. The party won two seats in the 1991 elections, retaining both in the 1995 elections. However, it did not contest any further elections. Centre Party (Greenland) The Centre Party () was a political party in Greenland founded by the former Mayor of Nuuk Bjarne Kreutzmann in 1990. The party was an attempt to find a middle ground between the left wing separatism of Siumut (with public ownership of most of the industry and the dominant trading company) and the liberal unionism of Atassut. Greenland should privatize, deregulate and lower taxes in order to obtain the","title":"Centre Party (Greenland)"},{"docid":"155260","text":"covers 84% of the country; the rest is permafrost. Protection of the Arctic environment, climate change, pollution of the food chain, excessive hunting of endangered species (walrus, polar bears, narwhal, beluga whale and several sea birds). The Greenland ice sheet is thick and broad enough to blanket an area the size of Mexico. The ice is so massive that its weight presses the bedrock of Greenland below sea level and is so all-concealing that not until recently did scientists discover Greenland's Grand Canyon or the possibility that Greenland might actually be three islands. If the ice melted, the interior bedrock","title":"Geography of Greenland"},{"docid":"8801262","text":"was unintentional, as it was said that his ship was blown off-course on the way to Greenland. Erikson established settlements in what is now modern day Newfoundland, Canada as well as what is now Maine in the United States. In the year 999 c. Erikson's father, Erik the Red, was one of the first Europeans to establish colonies in Greenland. Iceland was considered the first European country to create colonies in North America and Greenland. Greenland did not colonize, however, it was colonized by many different Scandinavian countries. Leif Erikson of Iceland was one of the most famous of the","title":"Scandinavian colonialism"},{"docid":"10241661","text":"Vikings continued playing until 1964 when they once again closed. The team returned for a third time in 1976 and would continue playing until the closure of the rink in 1988. During this time the Southampton Vikings played a single season in the Premier Division of the British Hockey League. Southampton Vikings The Southampton Vikings were an ice hockey team from Southampton, England. Their home venue was Southampton Ice Rink. The Vikings were established following the collapse of French side Club Francais Volants. The name 'Vikings' was adopted due to the new team using the shirts of the old French","title":"Southampton Vikings"},{"docid":"155212","text":"the Greenlandic ice cap, named Project Iceworm. It managed this project from Camp Century from 1960 to 1966 before abandoning it as unworkable. The Danish government did not become aware of the program's mission until 1997, when they discovered it while looking for records related to the crash of a nuclear-equipped B-52 bomber at Thule in 1968. With the 1953 Danish constitution, Greenland's colonial status ended as the island was incorporated into the Danish realm as an amt (county). Danish citizenship was extended to Greenlanders. Danish policies toward Greenland consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation—or de-Greenlandification. During this period,","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"10207141","text":"hid\"..\"If you loved me with all of your heart/You'd never take a million dollars to part\". He would use the instrumental of this song as both an instrumental track (with several Gaye ad-libs) and as the reprise of the album to end it. The song served as the template for Daryl Hall's song \"Stop Loving Me, Stop Loving You,\" from his 1993 solo album, \"Soul Alone.\" After being played the song by a friend and thinking it was an unreleased bootleg, Hall reworked the tune as a standard-structured R&B/pop song. When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"docid":"10207140","text":"how optimistic he seemed, he always reflected back on his marriage to Anna and how at one point, she called the cops on him for a domestic dispute. The title is not spoken until the final verse, when Marvin croons in his trademark falsetto about where did the love go in their relationship. Written and produced solely by the artist himself, the song was unusual for having no distinct melody, no bridge and no distinct chorus and for its length. However, it did have near melodic consistencies, such as \"Memories of the things we did/Some we're proud of, some we","title":"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You"},{"docid":"10684621","text":"a local lodge in Jamestown, believing that league and team owner Andrew Haines owned the lodge (he did not) and causing tens of thousands of dollars in damage. League officials originally said that they fully expected the Vikings to be a part of a renewed league in 2008-09. However, on March 18, the league announced that the Jamestown team would move to Ohio, and play as the Lake Erie Vikings, citing the vandalism incident as the primary reason for the departure. It was later revealed that the Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena had revoked the Vikings' lease because of the","title":"Jamestown Vikings"},{"docid":"10340545","text":"descended from the ACT representative side known as the Canberra Kookaburras. That name was adopted by the Canberra Kookaburra Rugby Club for the ACT Rugby Union's entry into the NSW Premiership in 1995. Ownership of the Kookaburras was transferred to the Tuggeranong Vikings RUC for the 1999 season and the team was renamed the Canberra Vikings. The Vikings played in the QRU Premiership (2001 to 2003, winning three titles), Tooheys New Cup (2004 and 2005) and Australian Rugby Shield (winning in 2006), before entering the Australian Rugby Championship (2007). That competition did not continue after the inaugural season and the","title":"Canberra Vikings"},{"docid":"7092580","text":"Administrative divisions of Greenland Greenland is divided into five municipalities Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Sermersooq as well as the large Northeast Greenland National Park which is unincorporated. The Thule Air Base is administered by the United States Air Force and operates as an unincorporated enclave surrounded by territory of Avannaata. Greenland was originally divided between the two colonies of North Greenland with its capital at Qeqertarsuaq (formerly Godhavn) and South Greenland with its capital at Nuuk (formerly Godthaab). These were directed by inspectors until 1924, when the officials were promoted to governors. The colonies were united in 1940 and","title":"Administrative divisions of Greenland"},{"docid":"18207140","text":"Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. County of Greenland, Denmark The County of Greenland was an amt (county) of Denmark, comprising Greenland and its associated islands, before home rule was granted to Greenland. In 1953 Greenland's colonial status ended with the establishment of the 1953 Danish constitution. When the colonial status ended, Greenland was incorporated into the Danish realm as a Amt (county) which gave Greenlanders Danish citizenship, as a result of this, a change in Danish policies toward Greenland that consisted of a strategy of","title":"County of Greenland, Denmark"},{"docid":"18207138","text":"County of Greenland, Denmark The County of Greenland was an amt (county) of Denmark, comprising Greenland and its associated islands, before home rule was granted to Greenland. In 1953 Greenland's colonial status ended with the establishment of the 1953 Danish constitution. When the colonial status ended, Greenland was incorporated into the Danish realm as a Amt (county) which gave Greenlanders Danish citizenship, as a result of this, a change in Danish policies toward Greenland that consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation. During this period, the Danish government promoted the exclusive use of Danish in official matters, and required Greenlanders","title":"County of Greenland, Denmark"},{"docid":"12817045","text":"remained even after Sir James Clark Ross reported an appearance of land in 1843, not far from Morrell's alleged observation; Ross's sighting was occasionally proffered as support for Morrell's claim. After Ross there was no further exploration of the Weddell Sea until 1903, when William Speirs Bruce took \"Scotia\" to 74°1'S, but in a sector of the sea which did not bring him close to Morrell's or Ross's supposed sightings. Bruce was, however, did not dismiss Morrell's claims, writing that they should not be rejected until absolutely disproved. The first determined search for New South Greenland came during the Second","title":"New South Greenland"},{"docid":"155190","text":"Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (\"Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq\"). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world. Greenland is divided into five municipalities – Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. Greenland does not have an independent seat at the United Nations. In","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"9852210","text":"scrimmage, Daunte Culpepper found Travis Taylor for a 24-yard touchdown, and the Vikings did not look back. Culpepper threw two more first-half touchdown passes, and stayed mistake free. The Vikings also found a running game, going for 146 yards, led by Mewelde Moore's 101 yards. Defensively, the Vikings held Aaron Brooks to just 12 completions on 32 pass attempts, intercepting him twice (Antoine Winfield and Keith Newman). Paul Edinger added four field goals for the Vikings in the victory. After notching their first win of the season the week before, the Vikings returned to form in Atlanta the following week,","title":"2005 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"8705474","text":"of the NPC 1997–98. In 1998 former Manawatu rugby captain and All Black trialist Andrew McMaster joined the Central Vikings as the Assistant coach, after four years of coaching the Monkstown club in Ireland. Former All Black and Manawatu flanker Mark Shaw was set to replace Frank Oliver as the head coach of the Central Vikings, however the Vikings split before playing in the 1999 season so Shaw did not coach them through the season. Central Vikings Rugby Union Central Vikings Rugby Union was a New Zealand rugby union team that played in two seasons of the NPC from 1997-1998.","title":"Central Vikings Rugby Union"},{"docid":"18458977","text":"the Prime Minister. Since 10 December 2014, the position is held by Andreas Uldum. Uldum is leader of the Democrats (Greenland), and Minister for Finances and Mineral Resources. Deputy Prime Minister (Greenland) Deputy Prime Minister of Greenland is a position, held by one government minister, in the Government of Greenland who can take the position of acting Prime Minister when the Prime minister is temporarily absent. The job is unofficial, but in many media, the person taking over when the Prime Minister is absent, is often dubbed Deputy Prime Minister, or Naalakkersuisut siulittaasuata tullia in Greenlandic. In case of coalition","title":"Deputy Prime Minister (Greenland)"},{"docid":"14206446","text":"December in the desert. The Vikings came into the game wearing their purple pants and played the Cardinals in what was arguably a desperation game not only for the season, but head coach Brad Childress' job. His job had become more scrutinized after he acted alone to cut WR Randy Moss, which drew a bunch of boos and jeers at Childress. However, the action did not start until the 2nd quarter, when the Vikings drove down the field and had a 2nd and goal. Favre threw to Peterson behind the line, but Peterson dodged a few players and got into","title":"2010 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"14192066","text":"During the event the 2010 squad numbers were announced and fans were able to pre-order the new shirt which the Vikings will wear against Warrington Wolves in the World of Beds Cup on Boxing Day. For the Gateshead Thunder game in 2009, chairman Steve O'Connor offered free admission for all Vikings fans. As season ticket holders did not benefit from this special offer (as they had already paid for the game when purchasing their season ticket), the club decided they would give vouchers to the 2009 season ticket holders who renewed their season tickets during an 'Ealry Bird' promotion. The","title":"2010 Widnes Vikings season"},{"docid":"7029405","text":"Attu, Greenland Attu is a settlement in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland, located on a small island on the shores of Davis Strait. Its population was 226 in 2010. It is the southernmost settlement in the municipality. Air Greenland serves the village as part of government contract, with winter-only helicopter flights from Attu Heliport to Aasiaat Airport and Kangaatsiaq Heliport. Settlement flights in the Disko Bay are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, when the waters of Disko Bay are navigable, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by","title":"Attu, Greenland"},{"docid":"3252894","text":"cm (20–24 in). In Greenland this breed exists in much the same condition as it had when originally arriving there, and is kept chiefly as a working dog valued for its strength and speed rather than a malleable temperament. As a result of living in a pack structure, the Greenland dog takes a very firm and confident owner to make a good pet. Once respect is garnered, however, they can be very loyal and protective of their owners, especially if in a pack. As is common among sled dogs, Greenland Dogs are able to traverse very difficult terrain with ease","title":"Greenland Dog"},{"docid":"628488","text":"relinquish all claims on Greenland. After Norway regained full independence in 1905, it argued that Danish claims to Greenland were invalid since the island had been a Norwegian possession prior to 1815. In 1931, Norwegian whaler Hallvard Devold occupied uninhabited eastern Greenland, on his own initiative. After the fact, the occupation was supported by the Norwegian government, who claimed the area as Erik the Red's Land. Two years later, the Permanent Court of International Justice ruled in favor of Denmark. During World War II, when Nazi Germany extended its war operations to Greenland, Henrik Kauffmann, the Danish Minister to the","title":"History of Greenland"},{"docid":"15717224","text":"will feature a mixture of high-quality office space, luxury hotels, and apartments with views of the Yellow Sea. Dalian Greenland Center Dalian Greenland Center is a skyscraper under construction in Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is expected to have 88 floors and be 518 m tall. The anticipated completion date is 2019. When built, Dalian Greenland Center will become the tallest building in Dalian. On its highly coveted site just south of the Dalian International Conference Center, Dalian Greenland Center rises in a move that highlights an emerging verticality for the city’s waterfront skyline. At its significant height, the tower evokes","title":"Dalian Greenland Center"},{"docid":"15717221","text":"Dalian Greenland Center Dalian Greenland Center is a skyscraper under construction in Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is expected to have 88 floors and be 518 m tall. The anticipated completion date is 2019. When built, Dalian Greenland Center will become the tallest building in Dalian. On its highly coveted site just south of the Dalian International Conference Center, Dalian Greenland Center rises in a move that highlights an emerging verticality for the city’s waterfront skyline. At its significant height, the tower evokes the imperatives of a rapidly urbanizing nation, and establishes an anchor for future development in the surrounding Donggang","title":"Dalian Greenland Center"},{"docid":"14418848","text":"associations signed a cooperation agreement which aims to encourage the game at grass roots level and build four to six artificial pitches. The FIFA Goal programme sponsored the Qaqortoq Stadium in Qaqortoq, which has an artificial grass pitch. Greenland hold the Greenlandic Football Championship annually. They previously held the event known as the Greenland Cup. They also are a member of CONIFA and compete in the Island games Football, finishing as runners-up to Bermuda in 2013. The oldest sport association in Greenland is the Greenland Ski Federation (GIF), founded in 1969. This happened when the then-President of the GIF Daniel","title":"Sport in Greenland"},{"docid":"19426993","text":"Hovgaard Island (Greenland) Hovgaard Island () is a large uninhabited island of the Greenland Sea, Greenland. The island was named after Andreas Hovgaard, a Polar explorer and officer of the Danish Navy who led an expedition to the Kara Sea on steamship \"Dijmphna\" in 1882-83. Polar climate prevails in Hovgaard Island. The average annual temperature in the area is -17 °C. The warmest month is July when the average temperature reaches -2 °C and the coldest is February when the temperature sinks to -29 °C. Hovgaard Island is a coastal island located to the south of the Holm Land Peninsula.","title":"Hovgaard Island (Greenland)"},{"docid":"9852203","text":"catches. The win did bring the Vikings record to 3–1. The Vikings returned home to host the 2–4 Titans. After a Darren Bennett punt, Steve McNair led the Titans down the field, setting up a Gary Anderson 40-yard field goal. The Vikings immediately responded with an eight-minute drive of their own, resulting in a 29-yard Morten Andersen field goal. Steve McNair was injured on the ensuing drive, and was replaced by Billy Volek. Volek was overwhelmed by the Vikings defense, throwing three interceptions, and getting sacked twice. Moe Williams and Marcus Robinson scored on short touchdowns for the Vikings, and","title":"2004 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"447217","text":"York. Medieval Christians in Europe were totally unprepared for the Viking incursions and could find no explanation for their arrival and the accompanying suffering they experienced at their hands save the \"Wrath of God\". More than any other single event, the attack on Lindisfarne demonised perception of the Vikings for the next twelve centuries. Not until the 1890s did scholars outside Scandinavia begin to seriously reassess the achievements of the Vikings, recognizing their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship. Norse Mythology, sagas, and literature tell of Scandinavian culture and religion through tales of heroic and mythological heroes. Early transmission of this","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"447166","text":"providing knowledge of their rural and urban settlement, crafts and production, ships and military equipment, trading networks, as well as their pagan and Christian religious artefacts and practices. The most important primary sources on the Vikings are contemporary texts from Scandinavia and regions where the Vikings were active. Writing in Latin letters was introduced to Scandinavia with Christianity, so there are few native documentary sources from Scandinavia before the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The Scandinavians did write inscriptions in runes, but these are usually very short and formulaic. Most contemporary documentary sources consist of texts written in Christian","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"447159","text":"settled there. The Saxons and the Angles did the same, embarking from mainland Europe. The Viking raids were, however, the first to be documented in writing by eyewitnesses, and they were much larger in scale and frequency than in previous times. Vikings themselves were expanding; although their motives are unclear, historians believe that scarce resources were a factor. The \"Highway of Slaves\" was a term used to describe a route that the Vikings found to have a direct pathway from Scandinavia to Constantinople and Baghdad while traveling on the Baltic Sea. With the advancements of their ships during the ninth","title":"Vikings"},{"docid":"7104288","text":"North Greenland North Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the northwest coast of the island. North Greenland was established in 1721. Its capital was at Godhavn (modern Qeqertarsuaq). The southernmost town of North Greenland was Egedesminde, which bordered Holsteinborg, which was the northernmost town of South Greenland. This boundary between North and South Greenland ran at around 68°N latitude, and in the North, North Greenland stretched to 78°N to enclose Thule. In 1911, as the administration of the colony was removed from the Royal Greenland Trading Department and folded into","title":"North Greenland"},{"docid":"16472627","text":"South Greenland South Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the southwest coast of the island. Its capital was at Godthaab (modern Nuuk). The northernmost town of South Greenland was Holsteinborg, which bordered Egedesminde, which was the southernmost town of North Greenland. This boundary between South and North Greenland ran at around 68°N degree of latitude, and in the South, South Greenland stretched to 59°30'N, or to the southernmost point of Greenland. In 1911, as the administration of the colony was removed from the Royal Greenland Trading Department and folded into","title":"South Greenland"},{"docid":"14564084","text":"Seth Greenland Seth Greenland (born July 22, 1955) is an American novelist, playwright and screenwriter. Greenland currently co-hosts the Los Angeles Review of Books Radio Hour, a show about literary culture that airs on KPFK, 90.7 FM in Los Angeles. Seth Greenland was born in New York City and grew up in Scarsdale, N.Y. He is the son of Leo Greenland, CEO of Smith/Greenland Advertising, and Rita Greenland, an advertising executive. He has a younger brother. Greenland graduated from Scarsdale High School, received a BA from Connecticut College and an MFA at NYU. While in graduate school Greenland contributed to","title":"Seth Greenland"},{"docid":"9431445","text":"Kansas 85–61. In the 2008–09, for the second year in a row, the Portland State Vikings completed a 23–10 basketball season with a trip to the NCAA Tournament. Matched with the previous season, the two 23-win seasons tie for the most in school history. And, both seasons culminated with appearances in the NCAA Tournament. Although the Vikings did not win the Big Sky Conference regular season title (as they did in 2007–08), the second-place team did win the Big Sky Tournament for a second straight season, advancing to the NCAA Tournament. Portland State earned a number-13 seed but lost in","title":"Portland State Vikings"},{"docid":"14264964","text":"The BANK of Greenland The BANK of Greenland () is one of two commercial banks in Greenland, listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange as GRLA, with 2,700 shareholders in 2017. Headquartered in Nuuk, the bank had 118 employees in 2017. The Bank of Greenland was founded on 26 May 1967 by a number of Danish banks, during the era when Greenland was still a province of Denmark. The founding banks were Privatbanken, Danske Bank, Kjøbenhavns Handelsbank, and an organization of local banks, provincial and Copenhagen-based. Operations started in Nuuk on 1 July 1967, while local branches in Ilulissat, Sisimiut, and","title":"The BANK of Greenland"},{"docid":"155217","text":"southwest across Baffin Bay, and Iceland, east of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean. Greenland also contains the world's largest national park, and it is the largest dependent territory by area in the world, as well as the fourth largest country subdivision in the world, after Sakha Republic in Russia, Australia's state of Western Australia, and Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai, and the largest in North America. The average daily temperature of Nuuk, Greenland varies over the seasons from . The total area of Greenland is (including other offshore minor islands), of which the Greenland ice sheet covers (81%) and has a volume","title":"Greenland"},{"docid":"12237280","text":"the west coast of Greenland from Nuuk towards Aasiaat. Later in 2016 it was announced that Tele Greenland had partnered with Alcatel-Lucent and Huawei Marine to both upgrade the existing Greenland Connect cable from 1,92T to 12.8T as well as deploy a 680 km extension called Greenland Connect North. The Greenland Connect North cable has landing points at: The cable reached Aasiaat on 8 October 2017. Services using the new cable launched on 11 December 2017. Greenland Connect Greenland Connect is a submarine communications cable system that connects Canada, Greenland, and Iceland. The cable contains two fibre pairs specified for","title":"Greenland Connect"},{"docid":"9925408","text":"Hull Vikings The Hull Vikings were a speedway team from Hull, England. The team originated as the 'Hull Angels', based at Hedon on the outskirts of Hull between 1947 and mid-1949. When speedway came back to Hull in 1971, the team were known as the Vikings and raced at the Boulevard, a long track. The Boulevard was famous as the long time home of Rugby Football League team Hull FC. During the years of racing at The Boulevard, the Vikings had the dubious distinction of being the very last league speedway team ever to appear at the famous West Ham","title":"Hull Vikings"},{"docid":"271637","text":"January 6, 1986, following the 1985 season, Bud Grant re-retired, this time permanently, as head coach of the Vikings. At the time of his retirement he was the 6th winningest coach in NFL history with 168 career wins, including playoffs. In 18 seasons, he led the Vikings to a 158–96–5 regular season record. Longtime Vikings assistant coach Jerry Burns was named the fourth head coach in team history on January 7, 1986. He served as the Vikings' offensive coordinator from 1968 to 1985, when the team won 11 division titles and played in four Super Bowls. In his first season,","title":"Minnesota Vikings"},{"docid":"14883278","text":"the Vikings jump onto Erik's airplane. The pilot bails out safely with his parachute and lets the plane crash into the ship, destroying them both. All Harald's dead Vikings are destroyed. Out of respect, Sigrid, Magnus and Erik decide to not help Thor finish Harald. Thor, punching Harald, sends him directly off into space. Finally, the three warriors return to the time of their own war. When they disappear, Thor says: \"I will see thou in Valhalla\" The trade paperback \"Thor: Vikings\" collecting #1-5 was published in February 2004 () Each comic of the series \"Thor: Vikings\" was in the","title":"Thor: Vikings"},{"docid":"10684620","text":"Jamestown Vikings The Jamestown Vikings were a professional ice hockey team that played in the now defunct Mid-Atlantic Hockey League. They were in Jamestown, New York at the Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena. The league canceled the remainder of the 2007-08 season and suspended operations on February 12, 2008. The MAHL planned to return with teams in new locations in 2008-09. The Vikings and Valley Forge Freedom, the league's two most fiscally solvent franchises, were expected to remain in the league if and when the league returns. After the season ended, several Vikings players went on a drunken rampage at","title":"Jamestown Vikings"},{"docid":"20849964","text":"Greenland Cup The Greenland Cup was an association football friendly knock-out tournament held under Non-FIFA affiliations and controlled by the Football Association of Greenland. It was played by senior male Non-FIFA National Football Teams. The Greenland National Football Team competed as a regular in its short-lived running. Despite being the representing country, Greenland never won the Greenland Cup. It ran from 1980 to 1984, with 3 tournaments overall. The Faroe Islands and Iceland are the most successful teams with two cup victories. The Greenland Cup winners have since went on to become fully recognised UEFA and FIFA members. The Greenland","title":"Greenland Cup"},{"docid":"4638547","text":"keeping the legacy of The Del Vikings alive by paying tribute to them, they go by the name \"Come Go With Me tribute -2- The Del Vikings. The Del-Vikings The Del-Vikings (also known as The Dell-Vikings) are an American doo-wop musical group that recorded several hit singles in the 1950s and continued to record and tour with various lineups in later decades. The group is notable for the hit songs \"Come Go with Me\" and \"Whispering Bells\", and for having been a successful racially mixed musical group during a period of time when such groups were rare. The Del-Vikings were","title":"The Del-Vikings"},{"docid":"9852209","text":"bringing his total to eight in the first two weeks. Culpepper did ensure the Vikings avoided the shutout by scoring on a five-yard touchdown run. The Vikings were again hampered by their rushing attack, being held to 77 yards rushing. In Week 3, the Vikings looked to turn their season around at home to the New Orleans Saints, who were suffering from the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which had devastated their city only a few weeks earlier. The Vikings started positively, forcing a fumble from the Saints' return man Aaron Stecker on the opening kickoff. On the first play from","title":"2005 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"9244164","text":"to their season the Vikings played the Craigavon Cowboys 3 weeks later. A repeat of last year's semi-final same teams same place, the Vikings were rampant again in their second game scoring 43 unanswered points as the Vikings defence stepped it up in a shutout performance. Scores coming from receivers Twomey, Curtin and Goldrick thrown by QB's Ashworth and Garvey. Game Three was the long trek from Limerick all the way up to old rivals the Carrickfergus Knights. The Vikings went there to make a statement and that they did defeating the Knights 55–13. The Knights points coming from Gary","title":"University of Limerick Vikings"},{"docid":"8051585","text":"Rangers. The team was made up of talent that had been developed in the local Elliot Lake organizations with one exception. The Vikings did so with players who benefited from Mr. Berthelot's controversial decision from 1975 as referenced above. The one exception and only import player on the team was a highly skilled defenceman named Shannon Hope, who was acquired in a trade late in the season from the Capreol Hawks. Another interesting aside is that the Vikings had three brothers on their Championship Team, John, David and Marty Berthelot. The Vikings survived from 1981 through to 1997, and were","title":"Elliot Lake Vikings"},{"docid":"17050511","text":"unanswered points. Sam Radcliffe scored a hatrick of tries with Mark Venables picking up 21 points with a try and eight conversions. Vikings managed another two more victories before the end of the Manx Shield campaign. A close 8-7 home win over Emerging Nomads with Tony Grundy scoring the decisive penalty for Vikings. Their other win was another close 13-12 victory over Castletown at Poulsom Park. Mark Venables kicked the winning penalty with the last kick of the match. Vikings finished the Manx Shield season one place worse off in joint fifth place in the Manx Shield however did finish","title":"Western Vikings R.U.F.C."},{"docid":"7104289","text":"the Danish Ministry of the Interior, a provincial council () was established. It was elected indirectly from the local councils and had little say in the management of the colony. North Greenland was united with South Greenland in 1950, with the administration for the northern settlements moved to Godthaab (modern Nuuk). North Greenland North Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the northwest coast of the island. North Greenland was established in 1721. Its capital was at Godhavn (modern Qeqertarsuaq). The southernmost town of North Greenland was Egedesminde, which bordered Holsteinborg,","title":"North Greenland"},{"docid":"20849966","text":"cup between Greenland and the Faroe Islands ended in a 0-0 draw. The match was then replayed several days later. The rematch saw the Faroe Islands beating Greenland in a close 3-2 victory in the Greenland capital city of Nuuk. The third and last Greenland Cup tournament was in 1984 which saw Iceland make a comeback to the tournament. Greenland lost to both the Faroe Islands and Iceland in 1-0 victories, putting Greenland in third place. The Faroe Islands and Iceland met in the final, sharing the cup after the match came to a draw. After this tournament, the Greenland","title":"Greenland Cup"},{"docid":"20539117","text":"environment of the Arctic. The telescope was shipped to Greenland in July 2016 and re-assembled in July 2017 at the Thule Air Base in north-western Greenland. The telescope took its first image on 25th of December 2017. The telescope will be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located at the highest point of the Greenland ice sheet. Greenland Telescope The Greenland Telescope is a radio telescope that is currently installed and operating at the Thule Air Base in north-western Greenland. It will later be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located at the highest point of the Greenland","title":"Greenland Telescope"},{"docid":"16472628","text":"the Danish Ministry of the Interior, a provincial council () was established. It was elected indirectly from the local councils and had little say in the management of the colony. It was united with North Greenland in 1950. South Greenland South Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the southwest coast of the island. Its capital was at Godthaab (modern Nuuk). The northernmost town of South Greenland was Holsteinborg, which bordered Egedesminde, which was the southernmost town of North Greenland. This boundary between South and North Greenland ran at around 68°N","title":"South Greenland"},{"docid":"14816977","text":"Greenland by military patrols. The migrating wolves began to repopulate the area and have establish a new population of wolves. Wolves are now protected in Greenland, and by 2011 they had re-established a population of 23 wolves through single and pairs of wolves following military dog-sled patrols from the northeast over distances of up to 560 kilometers to eastern Greenland. Greenland wolf The Greenland wolf (\"Canis lupus orion\") is a subspecies of gray wolf that is native to Greenland. More than 90% of the wolf's range falls within the boundaries of the Northeast Greenland National Park, where the wolf population","title":"Greenland wolf"},{"docid":"14538640","text":"Greenland. The company's monopoly was finally ended in 1950 and the Home Rule Government, introduced in 1979, gained control in 1986, first renaming it \"Kalaallit Niuerfiat\" and then, in 1992, \"KNI\". The company's fishing operations were spun off as Royal Greenland A/S in 1990. Royal Greenland Royal Greenland A/S is a fishing company in Greenland, spun off from Kalaallit Niuerfiat in 1990 but still wholly owned by the Government of Greenland. The company operates in a number of towns and settlements in Greenland, with 20 fish processing plants and ship bases of local subsidiary units. Some of the processing plants","title":"Royal Greenland"},{"docid":"14538639","text":"Royal Greenland Royal Greenland A/S is a fishing company in Greenland, spun off from Kalaallit Niuerfiat in 1990 but still wholly owned by the Government of Greenland. The company operates in a number of towns and settlements in Greenland, with 20 fish processing plants and ship bases of local subsidiary units. Some of the processing plants were closed between 2007 and 2009. Royal Greenland had an annual net profit of DKK 335 million before tax in 2016. The Royal Greenland Trading Department was founded in 1774 as a Dano-Norwegian state enterprise charged with administering the Danish settlements and trade in","title":"Royal Greenland"},{"docid":"9852204","text":"Mewelde Moore added 138 yards rushing to ice a defensive second half. The Vikings defense had their season best performance, holding the Titans to 243 yards in the victory, which improved their record to 4–1. 2004 Minnesota Vikings season The 2004 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 44th in the National Football League. The Vikings finished the 2004 season going 3–7 over the final 10 weeks, just like they did in 2003; however, they made the playoffs with an overall 8–8 record. Quarterback Daunte Culpepper amassed MVP-level statistics, throwing for 4,717 passing yards (leading the NFL), 39 passing touchdowns (a franchise","title":"2004 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"9852193","text":"in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (the first team to do it was the St. Louis Rams, who beat the Seattle Seahawks 27–20 the day before the Vikings–Packers game took place). In the divisional round, the Vikings were defeated 27–14 by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles and did not return to the playoffs for four years. Following the season, Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders; he returned briefly to the Vikings in 2010. The Vikings kicked off the season hosting the Bill Parcells coached Dallas","title":"2004 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"9852192","text":"2004 Minnesota Vikings season The 2004 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 44th in the National Football League. The Vikings finished the 2004 season going 3–7 over the final 10 weeks, just like they did in 2003; however, they made the playoffs with an overall 8–8 record. Quarterback Daunte Culpepper amassed MVP-level statistics, throwing for 4,717 passing yards (leading the NFL), 39 passing touchdowns (a franchise record) and 5,123 total yards (an NFL record). In the wildcard round of the playoffs, the Vikings defeated their rival Green Bay Packers 31–17 in their first ever playoff meeting, making them the second team","title":"2004 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"12843978","text":"yards. In the fourth quarter, Arizona kicker Neil Rackers nailed a 29-yard field goal. However, the Vikings tried to rally with Favre hooking up with rookie wide receiver Percy Harvin on a 31-yard TD pass. The Vikings tried an onside kick, which they did not recover and Arizona ran out the clock to seal their win. With only their second loss of the season, the Vikings not only fell to 10–2, but they lost starting linebacker E. J. Henderson to a season-ending broken leg. Hoping to rebound from their devastating Sunday Night loss to the Cardinals, the Vikings went home","title":"2009 Minnesota Vikings season"},{"docid":"9862119","text":"History of the Minnesota Vikings This article details the history of the Minnesota Vikings, an American football club of the National Football League (NFL). Professional football history in the Twin Cities began in the 1920s; the Minneapolis Marines joined the American Professional Football Association (later to become the National Football League) in 1921, but folded in 1924; they were resurrected as the Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1929 but lasted just two seasons before merging with the Frankford Yellow Jackets. A new professional team in the area did not surface again until August 1959, when three Minneapolis businessmen – Bill Boyer,","title":"History of the Minnesota Vikings"},{"docid":"20849967","text":"Cup was abolished due to a lack of quality from Greenland's national team. The Greenland football association President Lars Lundblad mentioned the interest in returning the Greenland Cup since the improvement of Greenland's team and would be possible once Greenland have joined FIFA as a fully recognised member nation. Greenland Cup The Greenland Cup was an association football friendly knock-out tournament held under Non-FIFA affiliations and controlled by the Football Association of Greenland. It was played by senior male Non-FIFA National Football Teams. The Greenland National Football Team competed as a regular in its short-lived running. Despite being the representing","title":"Greenland Cup"},{"docid":"15208519","text":"Packers–Vikings rivalry The Packers–Vikings rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Green Bay Packers and Minnesota Vikings. The rivalry began in 1961, when the Minnesota Vikings entered the league as an expansion team. The rivalry is known for its many close games and the parity of the all-time series. It is also considered to be one of the most intense rivalries in the National Football League, due to both teams being located in the same division since the Vikings' inception, and the fact that the two states (Minnesota and Wisconsin) are geographically located side by side, thereby allowing them to","title":"Packers–Vikings rivalry"},{"docid":"20271280","text":"the conditions for the Danish visa. Greenlandic visas are not valid for visiting Denmark. Nordic citizens can enter with a passport or national ID card (or, when arriving from a Nordic country, any photo identification) for any duration and purpose. Citizens of other countries require a passport. Visa policy of the Kingdom of Denmark Visa policy of the EU and EFTA Visa policy of Greenland The visa policy of Greenland covers the types and issuance of visas of Greenland. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) is a constituent country () of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is not part of the Schengen Area,","title":"Visa policy of Greenland"},{"docid":"12023079","text":"of association football for nations and sub-national countries that are not FIFA members. Although the Faroe Islands, another dependency of Denmark, is a member of FIFA and UEFA, Greenland is considered part of Denmark for the purposes of international football. However, Greenland have still been fighting to join UEFA and FIFA. The Greenland football association and the Danish DBU entered into an agreement in 2015 to grow the sport of football in Greenland and work towards FIFA and UEFA membership by 2020. One of the biggest moments in the island's footballing history came in 2001 when the national team played","title":"Association football in Greenland"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"17475093\",\n \"text\": \"When Vikings Attack! When Vikings Attack! is a fighting video game by British studio Clever Beans. The game was released in November 6, 2012 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 and supports Sony's cross-play feature on the PS Vita. It is included on the \\\"Best of PlayStation Network Vol. 1\\\" compilation disc, released June 18, 2013. When Vikings Attack! plays like an arena melee-brawler game. The only weapons are thrown objects. Players control a small group of civilians fighting hordes of vikings. The objective is to pick up objects and throw them in order to knock out enemies.\",\n \"title\": \"When Vikings Attack!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155197\",\n \"text\": \"colonize Greenland has been characterized recently as a land scam, the scam (and the name) portraying Greenland as better farm land than in Iceland. The Norse settlements, such as Brattahlíð, thrived for centuries but disappeared sometime in the 15th century, perhaps at the onset of the Little Ice Age. Apart from some runic inscriptions, no contemporary records or historiography survives from the Norse settlements. Medieval Norwegian sagas and historical works mention Greenland's economy as well as the bishops of Gardar and the collection of tithes. A chapter in the \\\"Konungs skuggsjá\\\" (The King's Mirror) describes Norse Greenland's exports and imports\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447153\",\n \"text\": \"of Iceland by Norwegian Vikings began in the ninth century. The first source that Iceland and Greenland appear in is a papal letter of 1053. Twenty years later, they are then seen in the \\\"Gesta\\\" of Adam of Bremen. It was not until after 1130, when the islands had become Christianized, that accounts of the history of the islands were written from the point of view of the inhabitants in sagas and chronicles. The Vikings explored the northern islands and coasts of the North Atlantic, ventured south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople, and the Middle East. They\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17475095\",\n \"text\": \"man standing and survival mode. The game also features collection extra for view collected citizens of different outfits and movies. The game received mixed to fairly positive reviews. IGN gave the game a 6.5, praising the unique gameplay, but claims it gets repetitive after a while. When Vikings Attack! When Vikings Attack! is a fighting video game by British studio Clever Beans. The game was released in November 6, 2012 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 and supports Sony's cross-play feature on the PS Vita. It is included on the \\\"Best of PlayStation Network Vol. 1\\\" compilation disc,\",\n \"title\": \"When Vikings Attack!\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3252895\",\n \"text\": \"and with a high tempo. As working dogs they are especially valued for their physical strength and endurance. The Vikings were the first Europeans to settle in Greenland and subsequently became aware of these dogs. Then others like the early European whalers, explorers and fur traders in Canada and North America trained dog-sledding skills from the natives of the Arctic region, and used with great success the Greenland dog when hunting, exploring and traveling across the Arctic regions. It is thought that the first dogs were brought to Britain around 1750; an Esquimaux bitch was exhibited at one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6754896\",\n \"text\": \"where he then sailed south searching for habitable areas. After two years of exploring, he returned to Iceland and told of his discoveries and giving Greenland it name as a way to attract settlers. Over-wintering in Iceland, Erik set sail again intending to colonize Greenland. His expedition has 30 ships but only 14 reach their destination. Erik founded a colony at Brattahlid (ON: \\\"Brattahlíð\\\") in the south-west of the island where be became a respected leader. Erik and Thjodhild had three sons Leif (ON: \\\"Leifr\\\"), Thorvald (ON: \\\"Þorvaldr\\\") and Thorstein (ON: \\\"Þorsteinn\\\") and a daughter Freydis (ON: \\\"Freydís\\\"). A man\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland saga\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20849965\",\n \"text\": \"Cup tournament was created in 1980. The tournament used knock-out rules, so when a team was defeated, thy would be out of the tournament. The tournament matches did not have extra time, nor did they go to a penalty shootout. Matches where replayed if drawn. The Its first tournament was held in Sauðárkrókur, which saw Iceland's national team beat Greenland 4-1. Iceland's Marteinn Geirsson, Páll Ólafsson, Lárus Guðmundsson, and Guðmundur Steinsson scored a goal each, however, Greenland forward Kristofer Ludvigsen scored the last goal. Two years after the first edition, 1983 saw the second Greenland Cup. The match for the\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447178\",\n \"text\": \"sites associated with Vikings throughout Europe and their sphere of influence—in Scandinavia, the British Isles, Ireland, Greenland, Iceland, Faeroe Islands, Germany, The Baltic, Russia, etc. The burial practices of the Vikings were quite varied, from dug graves in the ground, to tumuli, sometimes including so-called ship burials. According to written sources, most of the funerals took place at sea. The funerals involved either burial or cremation, depending on local customs. In the area that is now Sweden, cremations were predominant; in Denmark burial was more common; and in Norway both were common. Viking barrows are one of the primary source\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447133\",\n \"text\": \"Vikings Vikings (—\\\"pirate\\\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who during the late 8th to late 11th centuries, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Norse home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age. This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia,\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155223\",\n \"text\": \"insects including butterflies from beneath the southern Greenland glacier was estimated to date to 450,000 to 900,000 years ago, according to the remnants retrieved from this long-vanished boreal forest. That view contrasts sharply with the prevailing one that a lush forest of this kind could not have existed in Greenland any later than 2.4 million years ago. These DNA samples suggest that the temperature probably reached in the summer and in the winter. They also indicate that during the last interglacial period, 130,000–116,000 years ago, when local temperatures were on average higher than now, the glaciers on Greenland did not\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4191020\",\n \"text\": \"club was purchased by Greenland Holding Group Company Limited. On 6 February 2014, Greenland Holding Group Company Limited announced that the club's official name would be changed to \\\"Shanghai Greenland FC, Shanghai Greenland Shenhua team\\\" and it was hoped that by retaining Shenhua within the official team name it would appease the fans by reflecting on the club's heritage. This did not work and when subsequent badge alterations, which eliminated Shenhua from the teams logo it drew significant criticism by many of the club's supporters who publicly voiced their dissatisfaction with this on 9 March 2014 during the league game\",\n \"title\": \"Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7977089\",\n \"text\": \"Federation league, joining the Vålerenga Trolls and the Kolbotn Kodiaks. In 1990, 1991 and 1992 the Vikings won three consecutive National Championships under coach Mark Troop. They lost the National Championship game to the Trolls in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997, before they reclaimed the National Championship in 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2002.<br> The Vikings senior team have made it to the championship game in all of its years of existence except in 2003 and 2004, when the team did not make the playoffs. In 2008 they did not make it to the EFL quarter finals, after losing against\",\n \"title\": \"Oslo Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9862126\",\n \"text\": \"for the 49ers. The Vikings did go on to win the game, 27–22. 1964 was also the only season that the Vikings wore white jerseys at home games. This led to confusion when the Detroit Lions came to Bloomington with only their white jerseys. The game started with both teams wearing white jerseys. The Vikings retrieved their purple jerseys from Midway Stadium in Saint Paul. The Vikings changed from white jerseys to purple jerseys on the sidelines. That led to the Vikings wearing all-purple uniforms. Max Winter became the team president in 1965. The Vikings played their first regular season\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155214\",\n \"text\": \"the European Common Market in 1972, Denmark began to seek a different status for Greenland, resulting in the Home Rule Act of 1979. This gave Greenland limited autonomy with its own legislature taking control of some internal policies, while the Parliament of Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. The Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, remains Greenland's Head of state. In 1985, Greenland left the European Economic Community (EEC) upon achieving self-rule, as it did not agree with the EEC's commercial fishing regulations and an EEC ban\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10207138\",\n \"text\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You \\\"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\\\" is a 1978 song recorded by singer Marvin Gaye for his \\\"Here, My Dear\\\" album, following his 1976 divorce when he was ordered to give half the takings of his next album to ex-wife Anna Gaye. In the album, he \\\"poured his emotions into songs agonisingly documenting their relationship's rise and fall.\\\" The song was a six-minute-long opus that has been considered the centerpiece of the \\\"Here, My Dear\\\" album. As if offering confessional testimony to\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9862182\",\n \"text\": \"playoff berth ended when they lost to the Washington Redskins 32–21 on NBC's \\\"Sunday Night Football.\\\" The Vikings then dropped their final regular season game against the Denver Broncos at Invesco Field 22–19. However, unlike in 2004, the Vikings had an 8–8 record but did not make the playoffs. Adrian Peterson also won the NFL's Rookie of the Year award. To replace departing free agent quarterbacks Kelly Holcomb and Brooks Bollinger, the Vikings signed veteran Gus Frerotte, a former Vikings backup from 2003 to 2004, and drafted USC quarterback John David Booty. To amp up the passing attack, the Vikings\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155253\",\n \"text\": \"movements proselytizing fellow Christians. The rate of suicide in Greenland is very high. According to a 2010 census, Greenland holds the highest suicide rate in the world. Other significant social issues faced by Greenland are high rates of unemployment, alcoholism, and HIV/AIDS. Alcohol consumption rates in Greenland reached their height in the 1980s, when it was twice as high as in Denmark, and had by 2010 fallen slightly below the average level of consumption in Denmark (which is the 12th highest in the world). But at the same time alcohol prices are much higher, meaning that consumption has a high\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155206\",\n \"text\": \"the Americas. After 15 years in Greenland, Hans Egede left his son Paul Egede in charge of the mission there and returned to Denmark, where he established a Greenland Seminary. This new colony was centred at Godthåb (\\\"Good Hope\\\") on the southwest coast. Gradually, Greenland was opened up to Danish merchants, and closed to those from other countries. When the union between the crowns of Denmark and Norway was dissolved in 1814, the Treaty of Kiel severed Norway's former colonies and left them under the control of the Danish monarch. Norway occupied then-uninhabited eastern Greenland as Erik the Red's Land\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155205\",\n \"text\": \"The pilot on all three trips was English explorer James Hall. After the Norse settlements died off, Greenland came under the de facto control of various Inuit groups, but the Danish government never forgot or relinquished the claims to Greenland that it had inherited from the Norse. When it re-established contact with Greenland in the early 17th century, Denmark asserted its sovereignty over the island. In 1721, a joint mercantile and clerical expedition led by Danish-Norwegian missionary Hans Egede was sent to Greenland, not knowing whether a Norse civilization remained there. This expedition is part of the Dano-Norwegian colonization of\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155189\",\n \"text\": \"Black Death and entered a severe decline. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \\\"Terra do Lavrador\\\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Danish explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark–Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. Because of Norway's weak status, it lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. Greenland became Danish in 1814, and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark. In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16495076\",\n \"text\": \"and Frederik Lynge to represent it on the board of the Royal Greenland Trading Department. Greenland Provincial Council The Greenland Provincial Council () was the provincial government of Greenland between 1950, when it was formed from the union of the earlier North and South Greenland Provincial Councils, and 1 May 1979, when it was replaced by the Greenland Home Rule Government and its Parliament (; ). The Provincial Council had thirteen members and was presided over by a royally-appointed Governor (\\\"Landshevding\\\"), assisted by an interpreter. The translation is inexact and carries some political overtones. There are Greenlanders who prefer to\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Provincial Council\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16495072\",\n \"text\": \"Greenland Provincial Council The Greenland Provincial Council () was the provincial government of Greenland between 1950, when it was formed from the union of the earlier North and South Greenland Provincial Councils, and 1 May 1979, when it was replaced by the Greenland Home Rule Government and its Parliament (; ). The Provincial Council had thirteen members and was presided over by a royally-appointed Governor (\\\"Landshevding\\\"), assisted by an interpreter. The translation is inexact and carries some political overtones. There are Greenlanders who prefer to refer to the former \\\"Landsråd\\\" as the Greenland National Council. It was occasionally referred to\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Provincial Council\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16819612\",\n \"text\": \"winter, the region is covered by sea ice. In early spring when the sea ice vanishes, the layer gets thicker (up to 1.5 km). When the Polar day starts in late March the seasonal cycle starts again with another shallow mixed layer. Greenland Plain The Greenland Abyssal Plain at is a bathymetric depression in the Greenland Sea. It is delimited by Mohns Ridge and Jan Mayen pressure zone in the South and separated by a smaller ridge to the Boreas Abyssal Plain in the North. In 1988/89 ocean acoustic tomography was performed there to study the Greenland Sea gyre and\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Plain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3252888\",\n \"text\": \"Greenland Dog The Greenland Dog (Greenlandic: \\\"Kalaallit Qimmiat\\\", Danish: \\\"Grønlandshunden\\\") is a large breed of husky-type dog kept as a sled dog and for hunting polar bear and seal. They were brought from Siberia to North America by the Thule people 1,000 years ago, along with the Canadian Eskimo Dog that is genetically identical. The first dogs arrived in the Americas 12,000 years ago. However, people and their dogs did not settle in the Arctic until the Paleo-Eskimo people 4,500 years ago and then the Thule people 1,000 years ago, both originating from Siberia. Dogs first appeared in Greenland around\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155302\",\n \"text\": \"Telecommunications in Greenland Telecommunications in Greenland include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Greenland has, by law, only one service provider for telecommunications and the Internet, TELE Greenland, which is fully owned by the Greenlandic Home Rule government. TELE Greenland provides switched telephone and data, land mobile communications, and VHF and MF shore-to-ship communication. This type of monopoly is not uncommon in Greenland. Television in Greenland began in the 1960s. Privately owned transmitters were created to receive TV from Canada, Iceland, and Denmark. This can date as far back when television was introduced to Greenland in the\",\n \"title\": \"Telecommunications in Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628490\",\n \"text\": \"a rather independent status. Its supplies were guaranteed by the United States and Canada. One Dane was killed in combat with Germans in Greenland. During the Cold War, Greenland had a strategic importance, controlling parts of the passage between the Soviet Arctic harbours and the Atlantic, as well as being a good base for observing any use of intercontinental ballistic missiles, typically planned to pass over the Arctic. The United States therefore had a geopolitical interest in Greenland, and in 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100,000,000 but Denmark did not agree to sell. In\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"271650\",\n \"text\": \"the wild card game, the Vikings the rival Green Bay Packers in their first-ever playoff meeting, 31–17. In doing so, the Vikings became the second team in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (The St. Louis Rams did the same thing only a day earlier). In the divisional round, the Vikings by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles. On March 2, 2005, Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders for linebacker Napoleon Harris and the Raiders' first round draft pick. After struggling to a disappointing\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155210\",\n \"text\": \"the Landsrådene, recommended patience and no radical reform of the system. Two years later, the first step towards a change of government was initiated when a grand commission was established. A final report (G-50) was presented in 1950: Greenland was to be a modern welfare state with Denmark as sponsor and example. In 1953 Greenland was made an equal part of the Danish Kingdom. Home rule was granted in 1979. Following World War II, the United States developed a geopolitical interest in Greenland, and in 1946 the United States offered to buy the island from Denmark for $100,000,000. Denmark refused\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16908911\",\n \"text\": \"made it to Greenland. From 1905 to 1923 Greenland was part of the now derelict Diocese of Zealand. From 1923 to 1993 it was part of the Diocese of Copenhagen. In 1980 a bishop was appointed for Greenland on behalf of the Bishop of Copenhagen. The Diocese was only re-established in 1993 when it was renamed as the Diocese of Greenland, independent from the Diocese of Copenhagen. The Church of Greenland, in common with other institutions within the territory, is governed from Denmark, but with a large measure of autonomy. The Church of Greenland consists of a single diocese, which\",\n \"title\": \"Church of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10341498\",\n \"text\": \"grass pitch due to the permafrost which envelops Greenland. An artificial grass pitch was laid at Nuuk Stadium in 2016, which FIFA now allows, but the stadium still lacks other required features. Following the entry of Gibraltar into UEFA and later FIFA, Greenland may be the next to try to enter. However, the organisation did join the Confederation of Independent Football Associations (ConIFA) in May 2016. Football is the most popular sport in Greenland with about 5,500 players, out of a population of ~55,000. The Greenland Football Federation was started in 1971 and they have their office in Nuuk. The\",\n \"title\": \"Football Association of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628460\",\n \"text\": \"less hospitable to agriculture. Erosion of the soil was a danger from the beginning, one that the Greenland settlements may not have recognized until it was too late. For an extended time, nonetheless, the relatively warm West Greenland current flowing northwards along the southwestern coast of Greenland made it feasible for the Norse to farm much as their relatives did in Iceland or northern Norway. Palynologists' tests on pollen counts and fossilized plants prove that the Greenlanders must have struggled with soil erosion and deforestation. A Norse farm in the Vatnahverfi district, excavated in the 1950s, had been buried in\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17817460\",\n \"text\": \"most of the public sector. The party won two seats in the 1991 elections, retaining both in the 1995 elections. However, it did not contest any further elections. Centre Party (Greenland) The Centre Party () was a political party in Greenland founded by the former Mayor of Nuuk Bjarne Kreutzmann in 1990. The party was an attempt to find a middle ground between the left wing separatism of Siumut (with public ownership of most of the industry and the dominant trading company) and the liberal unionism of Atassut. Greenland should privatize, deregulate and lower taxes in order to obtain the\",\n \"title\": \"Centre Party (Greenland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155260\",\n \"text\": \"covers 84% of the country; the rest is permafrost. Protection of the Arctic environment, climate change, pollution of the food chain, excessive hunting of endangered species (walrus, polar bears, narwhal, beluga whale and several sea birds). The Greenland ice sheet is thick and broad enough to blanket an area the size of Mexico. The ice is so massive that its weight presses the bedrock of Greenland below sea level and is so all-concealing that not until recently did scientists discover Greenland's Grand Canyon or the possibility that Greenland might actually be three islands. If the ice melted, the interior bedrock\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8801262\",\n \"text\": \"was unintentional, as it was said that his ship was blown off-course on the way to Greenland. Erikson established settlements in what is now modern day Newfoundland, Canada as well as what is now Maine in the United States. In the year 999 c. Erikson's father, Erik the Red, was one of the first Europeans to establish colonies in Greenland. Iceland was considered the first European country to create colonies in North America and Greenland. Greenland did not colonize, however, it was colonized by many different Scandinavian countries. Leif Erikson of Iceland was one of the most famous of the\",\n \"title\": \"Scandinavian colonialism\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10241661\",\n \"text\": \"Vikings continued playing until 1964 when they once again closed. The team returned for a third time in 1976 and would continue playing until the closure of the rink in 1988. During this time the Southampton Vikings played a single season in the Premier Division of the British Hockey League. Southampton Vikings The Southampton Vikings were an ice hockey team from Southampton, England. Their home venue was Southampton Ice Rink. The Vikings were established following the collapse of French side Club Francais Volants. The name 'Vikings' was adopted due to the new team using the shirts of the old French\",\n \"title\": \"Southampton Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155212\",\n \"text\": \"the Greenlandic ice cap, named Project Iceworm. It managed this project from Camp Century from 1960 to 1966 before abandoning it as unworkable. The Danish government did not become aware of the program's mission until 1997, when they discovered it while looking for records related to the crash of a nuclear-equipped B-52 bomber at Thule in 1968. With the 1953 Danish constitution, Greenland's colonial status ended as the island was incorporated into the Danish realm as an amt (county). Danish citizenship was extended to Greenlanders. Danish policies toward Greenland consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation—or de-Greenlandification. During this period,\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10207141\",\n \"text\": \"hid\\\"..\\\"If you loved me with all of your heart/You'd never take a million dollars to part\\\". He would use the instrumental of this song as both an instrumental track (with several Gaye ad-libs) and as the reprise of the album to end it. The song served as the template for Daryl Hall's song \\\"Stop Loving Me, Stop Loving You,\\\" from his 1993 solo album, \\\"Soul Alone.\\\" After being played the song by a friend and thinking it was an unreleased bootleg, Hall reworked the tune as a standard-structured R&B/pop song. When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10207140\",\n \"text\": \"how optimistic he seemed, he always reflected back on his marriage to Anna and how at one point, she called the cops on him for a domestic dispute. The title is not spoken until the final verse, when Marvin croons in his trademark falsetto about where did the love go in their relationship. Written and produced solely by the artist himself, the song was unusual for having no distinct melody, no bridge and no distinct chorus and for its length. However, it did have near melodic consistencies, such as \\\"Memories of the things we did/Some we're proud of, some we\",\n \"title\": \"When Did You Stop Loving Me, When Did I Stop Loving You\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10684621\",\n \"text\": \"a local lodge in Jamestown, believing that league and team owner Andrew Haines owned the lodge (he did not) and causing tens of thousands of dollars in damage. League officials originally said that they fully expected the Vikings to be a part of a renewed league in 2008-09. However, on March 18, the league announced that the Jamestown team would move to Ohio, and play as the Lake Erie Vikings, citing the vandalism incident as the primary reason for the departure. It was later revealed that the Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena had revoked the Vikings' lease because of the\",\n \"title\": \"Jamestown Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10340545\",\n \"text\": \"descended from the ACT representative side known as the Canberra Kookaburras. That name was adopted by the Canberra Kookaburra Rugby Club for the ACT Rugby Union's entry into the NSW Premiership in 1995. Ownership of the Kookaburras was transferred to the Tuggeranong Vikings RUC for the 1999 season and the team was renamed the Canberra Vikings. The Vikings played in the QRU Premiership (2001 to 2003, winning three titles), Tooheys New Cup (2004 and 2005) and Australian Rugby Shield (winning in 2006), before entering the Australian Rugby Championship (2007). That competition did not continue after the inaugural season and the\",\n \"title\": \"Canberra Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7092580\",\n \"text\": \"Administrative divisions of Greenland Greenland is divided into five municipalities Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Sermersooq as well as the large Northeast Greenland National Park which is unincorporated. The Thule Air Base is administered by the United States Air Force and operates as an unincorporated enclave surrounded by territory of Avannaata. Greenland was originally divided between the two colonies of North Greenland with its capital at Qeqertarsuaq (formerly Godhavn) and South Greenland with its capital at Nuuk (formerly Godthaab). These were directed by inspectors until 1924, when the officials were promoted to governors. The colonies were united in 1940 and\",\n \"title\": \"Administrative divisions of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18207140\",\n \"text\": \"Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. County of Greenland, Denmark The County of Greenland was an amt (county) of Denmark, comprising Greenland and its associated islands, before home rule was granted to Greenland. In 1953 Greenland's colonial status ended with the establishment of the 1953 Danish constitution. When the colonial status ended, Greenland was incorporated into the Danish realm as a Amt (county) which gave Greenlanders Danish citizenship, as a result of this, a change in Danish policies toward Greenland that consisted of a strategy of\",\n \"title\": \"County of Greenland, Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18207138\",\n \"text\": \"County of Greenland, Denmark The County of Greenland was an amt (county) of Denmark, comprising Greenland and its associated islands, before home rule was granted to Greenland. In 1953 Greenland's colonial status ended with the establishment of the 1953 Danish constitution. When the colonial status ended, Greenland was incorporated into the Danish realm as a Amt (county) which gave Greenlanders Danish citizenship, as a result of this, a change in Danish policies toward Greenland that consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation. During this period, the Danish government promoted the exclusive use of Danish in official matters, and required Greenlanders\",\n \"title\": \"County of Greenland, Denmark\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12817045\",\n \"text\": \"remained even after Sir James Clark Ross reported an appearance of land in 1843, not far from Morrell's alleged observation; Ross's sighting was occasionally proffered as support for Morrell's claim. After Ross there was no further exploration of the Weddell Sea until 1903, when William Speirs Bruce took \\\"Scotia\\\" to 74°1'S, but in a sector of the sea which did not bring him close to Morrell's or Ross's supposed sightings. Bruce was, however, did not dismiss Morrell's claims, writing that they should not be rejected until absolutely disproved. The first determined search for New South Greenland came during the Second\",\n \"title\": \"New South Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155190\",\n \"text\": \"Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (\\\"Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq\\\"). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world. Greenland is divided into five municipalities – Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. Greenland does not have an independent seat at the United Nations. In\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852210\",\n \"text\": \"scrimmage, Daunte Culpepper found Travis Taylor for a 24-yard touchdown, and the Vikings did not look back. Culpepper threw two more first-half touchdown passes, and stayed mistake free. The Vikings also found a running game, going for 146 yards, led by Mewelde Moore's 101 yards. Defensively, the Vikings held Aaron Brooks to just 12 completions on 32 pass attempts, intercepting him twice (Antoine Winfield and Keith Newman). Paul Edinger added four field goals for the Vikings in the victory. After notching their first win of the season the week before, the Vikings returned to form in Atlanta the following week,\",\n \"title\": \"2005 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8705474\",\n \"text\": \"of the NPC 1997–98. In 1998 former Manawatu rugby captain and All Black trialist Andrew McMaster joined the Central Vikings as the Assistant coach, after four years of coaching the Monkstown club in Ireland. Former All Black and Manawatu flanker Mark Shaw was set to replace Frank Oliver as the head coach of the Central Vikings, however the Vikings split before playing in the 1999 season so Shaw did not coach them through the season. Central Vikings Rugby Union Central Vikings Rugby Union was a New Zealand rugby union team that played in two seasons of the NPC from 1997-1998.\",\n \"title\": \"Central Vikings Rugby Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18458977\",\n \"text\": \"the Prime Minister. Since 10 December 2014, the position is held by Andreas Uldum. Uldum is leader of the Democrats (Greenland), and Minister for Finances and Mineral Resources. Deputy Prime Minister (Greenland) Deputy Prime Minister of Greenland is a position, held by one government minister, in the Government of Greenland who can take the position of acting Prime Minister when the Prime minister is temporarily absent. The job is unofficial, but in many media, the person taking over when the Prime Minister is absent, is often dubbed Deputy Prime Minister, or Naalakkersuisut siulittaasuata tullia in Greenlandic. In case of coalition\",\n \"title\": \"Deputy Prime Minister (Greenland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14206446\",\n \"text\": \"December in the desert. The Vikings came into the game wearing their purple pants and played the Cardinals in what was arguably a desperation game not only for the season, but head coach Brad Childress' job. His job had become more scrutinized after he acted alone to cut WR Randy Moss, which drew a bunch of boos and jeers at Childress. However, the action did not start until the 2nd quarter, when the Vikings drove down the field and had a 2nd and goal. Favre threw to Peterson behind the line, but Peterson dodged a few players and got into\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14192066\",\n \"text\": \"During the event the 2010 squad numbers were announced and fans were able to pre-order the new shirt which the Vikings will wear against Warrington Wolves in the World of Beds Cup on Boxing Day. For the Gateshead Thunder game in 2009, chairman Steve O'Connor offered free admission for all Vikings fans. As season ticket holders did not benefit from this special offer (as they had already paid for the game when purchasing their season ticket), the club decided they would give vouchers to the 2009 season ticket holders who renewed their season tickets during an 'Ealry Bird' promotion. The\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Widnes Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7029405\",\n \"text\": \"Attu, Greenland Attu is a settlement in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland, located on a small island on the shores of Davis Strait. Its population was 226 in 2010. It is the southernmost settlement in the municipality. Air Greenland serves the village as part of government contract, with winter-only helicopter flights from Attu Heliport to Aasiaat Airport and Kangaatsiaq Heliport. Settlement flights in the Disko Bay are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, when the waters of Disko Bay are navigable, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by\",\n \"title\": \"Attu, Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3252894\",\n \"text\": \"cm (20–24 in). In Greenland this breed exists in much the same condition as it had when originally arriving there, and is kept chiefly as a working dog valued for its strength and speed rather than a malleable temperament. As a result of living in a pack structure, the Greenland dog takes a very firm and confident owner to make a good pet. Once respect is garnered, however, they can be very loyal and protective of their owners, especially if in a pack. As is common among sled dogs, Greenland Dogs are able to traverse very difficult terrain with ease\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Dog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"628488\",\n \"text\": \"relinquish all claims on Greenland. After Norway regained full independence in 1905, it argued that Danish claims to Greenland were invalid since the island had been a Norwegian possession prior to 1815. In 1931, Norwegian whaler Hallvard Devold occupied uninhabited eastern Greenland, on his own initiative. After the fact, the occupation was supported by the Norwegian government, who claimed the area as Erik the Red's Land. Two years later, the Permanent Court of International Justice ruled in favor of Denmark. During World War II, when Nazi Germany extended its war operations to Greenland, Henrik Kauffmann, the Danish Minister to the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717224\",\n \"text\": \"will feature a mixture of high-quality office space, luxury hotels, and apartments with views of the Yellow Sea. Dalian Greenland Center Dalian Greenland Center is a skyscraper under construction in Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is expected to have 88 floors and be 518 m tall. The anticipated completion date is 2019. When built, Dalian Greenland Center will become the tallest building in Dalian. On its highly coveted site just south of the Dalian International Conference Center, Dalian Greenland Center rises in a move that highlights an emerging verticality for the city’s waterfront skyline. At its significant height, the tower evokes\",\n \"title\": \"Dalian Greenland Center\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15717221\",\n \"text\": \"Dalian Greenland Center Dalian Greenland Center is a skyscraper under construction in Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is expected to have 88 floors and be 518 m tall. The anticipated completion date is 2019. When built, Dalian Greenland Center will become the tallest building in Dalian. On its highly coveted site just south of the Dalian International Conference Center, Dalian Greenland Center rises in a move that highlights an emerging verticality for the city’s waterfront skyline. At its significant height, the tower evokes the imperatives of a rapidly urbanizing nation, and establishes an anchor for future development in the surrounding Donggang\",\n \"title\": \"Dalian Greenland Center\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14418848\",\n \"text\": \"associations signed a cooperation agreement which aims to encourage the game at grass roots level and build four to six artificial pitches. The FIFA Goal programme sponsored the Qaqortoq Stadium in Qaqortoq, which has an artificial grass pitch. Greenland hold the Greenlandic Football Championship annually. They previously held the event known as the Greenland Cup. They also are a member of CONIFA and compete in the Island games Football, finishing as runners-up to Bermuda in 2013. The oldest sport association in Greenland is the Greenland Ski Federation (GIF), founded in 1969. This happened when the then-President of the GIF Daniel\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19426993\",\n \"text\": \"Hovgaard Island (Greenland) Hovgaard Island () is a large uninhabited island of the Greenland Sea, Greenland. The island was named after Andreas Hovgaard, a Polar explorer and officer of the Danish Navy who led an expedition to the Kara Sea on steamship \\\"Dijmphna\\\" in 1882-83. Polar climate prevails in Hovgaard Island. The average annual temperature in the area is -17 °C. The warmest month is July when the average temperature reaches -2 °C and the coldest is February when the temperature sinks to -29 °C. Hovgaard Island is a coastal island located to the south of the Holm Land Peninsula.\",\n \"title\": \"Hovgaard Island (Greenland)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852203\",\n \"text\": \"catches. The win did bring the Vikings record to 3–1. The Vikings returned home to host the 2–4 Titans. After a Darren Bennett punt, Steve McNair led the Titans down the field, setting up a Gary Anderson 40-yard field goal. The Vikings immediately responded with an eight-minute drive of their own, resulting in a 29-yard Morten Andersen field goal. Steve McNair was injured on the ensuing drive, and was replaced by Billy Volek. Volek was overwhelmed by the Vikings defense, throwing three interceptions, and getting sacked twice. Moe Williams and Marcus Robinson scored on short touchdowns for the Vikings, and\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447217\",\n \"text\": \"York. Medieval Christians in Europe were totally unprepared for the Viking incursions and could find no explanation for their arrival and the accompanying suffering they experienced at their hands save the \\\"Wrath of God\\\". More than any other single event, the attack on Lindisfarne demonised perception of the Vikings for the next twelve centuries. Not until the 1890s did scholars outside Scandinavia begin to seriously reassess the achievements of the Vikings, recognizing their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship. Norse Mythology, sagas, and literature tell of Scandinavian culture and religion through tales of heroic and mythological heroes. Early transmission of this\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447166\",\n \"text\": \"providing knowledge of their rural and urban settlement, crafts and production, ships and military equipment, trading networks, as well as their pagan and Christian religious artefacts and practices. The most important primary sources on the Vikings are contemporary texts from Scandinavia and regions where the Vikings were active. Writing in Latin letters was introduced to Scandinavia with Christianity, so there are few native documentary sources from Scandinavia before the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The Scandinavians did write inscriptions in runes, but these are usually very short and formulaic. Most contemporary documentary sources consist of texts written in Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"447159\",\n \"text\": \"settled there. The Saxons and the Angles did the same, embarking from mainland Europe. The Viking raids were, however, the first to be documented in writing by eyewitnesses, and they were much larger in scale and frequency than in previous times. Vikings themselves were expanding; although their motives are unclear, historians believe that scarce resources were a factor. The \\\"Highway of Slaves\\\" was a term used to describe a route that the Vikings found to have a direct pathway from Scandinavia to Constantinople and Baghdad while traveling on the Baltic Sea. With the advancements of their ships during the ninth\",\n \"title\": \"Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7104288\",\n \"text\": \"North Greenland North Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the northwest coast of the island. North Greenland was established in 1721. Its capital was at Godhavn (modern Qeqertarsuaq). The southernmost town of North Greenland was Egedesminde, which bordered Holsteinborg, which was the northernmost town of South Greenland. This boundary between North and South Greenland ran at around 68°N latitude, and in the North, North Greenland stretched to 78°N to enclose Thule. In 1911, as the administration of the colony was removed from the Royal Greenland Trading Department and folded into\",\n \"title\": \"North Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16472627\",\n \"text\": \"South Greenland South Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the southwest coast of the island. Its capital was at Godthaab (modern Nuuk). The northernmost town of South Greenland was Holsteinborg, which bordered Egedesminde, which was the southernmost town of North Greenland. This boundary between South and North Greenland ran at around 68°N degree of latitude, and in the South, South Greenland stretched to 59°30'N, or to the southernmost point of Greenland. In 1911, as the administration of the colony was removed from the Royal Greenland Trading Department and folded into\",\n \"title\": \"South Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14564084\",\n \"text\": \"Seth Greenland Seth Greenland (born July 22, 1955) is an American novelist, playwright and screenwriter. Greenland currently co-hosts the Los Angeles Review of Books Radio Hour, a show about literary culture that airs on KPFK, 90.7 FM in Los Angeles. Seth Greenland was born in New York City and grew up in Scarsdale, N.Y. He is the son of Leo Greenland, CEO of Smith/Greenland Advertising, and Rita Greenland, an advertising executive. He has a younger brother. Greenland graduated from Scarsdale High School, received a BA from Connecticut College and an MFA at NYU. While in graduate school Greenland contributed to\",\n \"title\": \"Seth Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9431445\",\n \"text\": \"Kansas 85–61. In the 2008–09, for the second year in a row, the Portland State Vikings completed a 23–10 basketball season with a trip to the NCAA Tournament. Matched with the previous season, the two 23-win seasons tie for the most in school history. And, both seasons culminated with appearances in the NCAA Tournament. Although the Vikings did not win the Big Sky Conference regular season title (as they did in 2007–08), the second-place team did win the Big Sky Tournament for a second straight season, advancing to the NCAA Tournament. Portland State earned a number-13 seed but lost in\",\n \"title\": \"Portland State Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14264964\",\n \"text\": \"The BANK of Greenland The BANK of Greenland () is one of two commercial banks in Greenland, listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange as GRLA, with 2,700 shareholders in 2017. Headquartered in Nuuk, the bank had 118 employees in 2017. The Bank of Greenland was founded on 26 May 1967 by a number of Danish banks, during the era when Greenland was still a province of Denmark. The founding banks were Privatbanken, Danske Bank, Kjøbenhavns Handelsbank, and an organization of local banks, provincial and Copenhagen-based. Operations started in Nuuk on 1 July 1967, while local branches in Ilulissat, Sisimiut, and\",\n \"title\": \"The BANK of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"155217\",\n \"text\": \"southwest across Baffin Bay, and Iceland, east of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean. Greenland also contains the world's largest national park, and it is the largest dependent territory by area in the world, as well as the fourth largest country subdivision in the world, after Sakha Republic in Russia, Australia's state of Western Australia, and Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai, and the largest in North America. The average daily temperature of Nuuk, Greenland varies over the seasons from . The total area of Greenland is (including other offshore minor islands), of which the Greenland ice sheet covers (81%) and has a volume\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12237280\",\n \"text\": \"the west coast of Greenland from Nuuk towards Aasiaat. Later in 2016 it was announced that Tele Greenland had partnered with Alcatel-Lucent and Huawei Marine to both upgrade the existing Greenland Connect cable from 1,92T to 12.8T as well as deploy a 680 km extension called Greenland Connect North. The Greenland Connect North cable has landing points at: The cable reached Aasiaat on 8 October 2017. Services using the new cable launched on 11 December 2017. Greenland Connect Greenland Connect is a submarine communications cable system that connects Canada, Greenland, and Iceland. The cable contains two fibre pairs specified for\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Connect\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9925408\",\n \"text\": \"Hull Vikings The Hull Vikings were a speedway team from Hull, England. The team originated as the 'Hull Angels', based at Hedon on the outskirts of Hull between 1947 and mid-1949. When speedway came back to Hull in 1971, the team were known as the Vikings and raced at the Boulevard, a long track. The Boulevard was famous as the long time home of Rugby Football League team Hull FC. During the years of racing at The Boulevard, the Vikings had the dubious distinction of being the very last league speedway team ever to appear at the famous West Ham\",\n \"title\": \"Hull Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"271637\",\n \"text\": \"January 6, 1986, following the 1985 season, Bud Grant re-retired, this time permanently, as head coach of the Vikings. At the time of his retirement he was the 6th winningest coach in NFL history with 168 career wins, including playoffs. In 18 seasons, he led the Vikings to a 158–96–5 regular season record. Longtime Vikings assistant coach Jerry Burns was named the fourth head coach in team history on January 7, 1986. He served as the Vikings' offensive coordinator from 1968 to 1985, when the team won 11 division titles and played in four Super Bowls. In his first season,\",\n \"title\": \"Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14883278\",\n \"text\": \"the Vikings jump onto Erik's airplane. The pilot bails out safely with his parachute and lets the plane crash into the ship, destroying them both. All Harald's dead Vikings are destroyed. Out of respect, Sigrid, Magnus and Erik decide to not help Thor finish Harald. Thor, punching Harald, sends him directly off into space. Finally, the three warriors return to the time of their own war. When they disappear, Thor says: \\\"I will see thou in Valhalla\\\" The trade paperback \\\"Thor: Vikings\\\" collecting #1-5 was published in February 2004 () Each comic of the series \\\"Thor: Vikings\\\" was in the\",\n \"title\": \"Thor: Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10684620\",\n \"text\": \"Jamestown Vikings The Jamestown Vikings were a professional ice hockey team that played in the now defunct Mid-Atlantic Hockey League. They were in Jamestown, New York at the Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena. The league canceled the remainder of the 2007-08 season and suspended operations on February 12, 2008. The MAHL planned to return with teams in new locations in 2008-09. The Vikings and Valley Forge Freedom, the league's two most fiscally solvent franchises, were expected to remain in the league if and when the league returns. After the season ended, several Vikings players went on a drunken rampage at\",\n \"title\": \"Jamestown Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20849964\",\n \"text\": \"Greenland Cup The Greenland Cup was an association football friendly knock-out tournament held under Non-FIFA affiliations and controlled by the Football Association of Greenland. It was played by senior male Non-FIFA National Football Teams. The Greenland National Football Team competed as a regular in its short-lived running. Despite being the representing country, Greenland never won the Greenland Cup. It ran from 1980 to 1984, with 3 tournaments overall. The Faroe Islands and Iceland are the most successful teams with two cup victories. The Greenland Cup winners have since went on to become fully recognised UEFA and FIFA members. The Greenland\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4638547\",\n \"text\": \"keeping the legacy of The Del Vikings alive by paying tribute to them, they go by the name \\\"Come Go With Me tribute -2- The Del Vikings. The Del-Vikings The Del-Vikings (also known as The Dell-Vikings) are an American doo-wop musical group that recorded several hit singles in the 1950s and continued to record and tour with various lineups in later decades. The group is notable for the hit songs \\\"Come Go with Me\\\" and \\\"Whispering Bells\\\", and for having been a successful racially mixed musical group during a period of time when such groups were rare. The Del-Vikings were\",\n \"title\": \"The Del-Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852209\",\n \"text\": \"bringing his total to eight in the first two weeks. Culpepper did ensure the Vikings avoided the shutout by scoring on a five-yard touchdown run. The Vikings were again hampered by their rushing attack, being held to 77 yards rushing. In Week 3, the Vikings looked to turn their season around at home to the New Orleans Saints, who were suffering from the effects of Hurricane Katrina, which had devastated their city only a few weeks earlier. The Vikings started positively, forcing a fumble from the Saints' return man Aaron Stecker on the opening kickoff. On the first play from\",\n \"title\": \"2005 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9244164\",\n \"text\": \"to their season the Vikings played the Craigavon Cowboys 3 weeks later. A repeat of last year's semi-final same teams same place, the Vikings were rampant again in their second game scoring 43 unanswered points as the Vikings defence stepped it up in a shutout performance. Scores coming from receivers Twomey, Curtin and Goldrick thrown by QB's Ashworth and Garvey. Game Three was the long trek from Limerick all the way up to old rivals the Carrickfergus Knights. The Vikings went there to make a statement and that they did defeating the Knights 55–13. The Knights points coming from Gary\",\n \"title\": \"University of Limerick Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8051585\",\n \"text\": \"Rangers. The team was made up of talent that had been developed in the local Elliot Lake organizations with one exception. The Vikings did so with players who benefited from Mr. Berthelot's controversial decision from 1975 as referenced above. The one exception and only import player on the team was a highly skilled defenceman named Shannon Hope, who was acquired in a trade late in the season from the Capreol Hawks. Another interesting aside is that the Vikings had three brothers on their Championship Team, John, David and Marty Berthelot. The Vikings survived from 1981 through to 1997, and were\",\n \"title\": \"Elliot Lake Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17050511\",\n \"text\": \"unanswered points. Sam Radcliffe scored a hatrick of tries with Mark Venables picking up 21 points with a try and eight conversions. Vikings managed another two more victories before the end of the Manx Shield campaign. A close 8-7 home win over Emerging Nomads with Tony Grundy scoring the decisive penalty for Vikings. Their other win was another close 13-12 victory over Castletown at Poulsom Park. Mark Venables kicked the winning penalty with the last kick of the match. Vikings finished the Manx Shield season one place worse off in joint fifth place in the Manx Shield however did finish\",\n \"title\": \"Western Vikings R.U.F.C.\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7104289\",\n \"text\": \"the Danish Ministry of the Interior, a provincial council () was established. It was elected indirectly from the local councils and had little say in the management of the colony. North Greenland was united with South Greenland in 1950, with the administration for the northern settlements moved to Godthaab (modern Nuuk). North Greenland North Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the northwest coast of the island. North Greenland was established in 1721. Its capital was at Godhavn (modern Qeqertarsuaq). The southernmost town of North Greenland was Egedesminde, which bordered Holsteinborg,\",\n \"title\": \"North Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20849966\",\n \"text\": \"cup between Greenland and the Faroe Islands ended in a 0-0 draw. The match was then replayed several days later. The rematch saw the Faroe Islands beating Greenland in a close 3-2 victory in the Greenland capital city of Nuuk. The third and last Greenland Cup tournament was in 1984 which saw Iceland make a comeback to the tournament. Greenland lost to both the Faroe Islands and Iceland in 1-0 victories, putting Greenland in third place. The Faroe Islands and Iceland met in the final, sharing the cup after the match came to a draw. After this tournament, the Greenland\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20539117\",\n \"text\": \"environment of the Arctic. The telescope was shipped to Greenland in July 2016 and re-assembled in July 2017 at the Thule Air Base in north-western Greenland. The telescope took its first image on 25th of December 2017. The telescope will be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located at the highest point of the Greenland ice sheet. Greenland Telescope The Greenland Telescope is a radio telescope that is currently installed and operating at the Thule Air Base in north-western Greenland. It will later be deployed at the Summit Station research camp, located at the highest point of the Greenland\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Telescope\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16472628\",\n \"text\": \"the Danish Ministry of the Interior, a provincial council () was established. It was elected indirectly from the local councils and had little say in the management of the colony. It was united with North Greenland in 1950. South Greenland South Greenland was a Danish colony on Greenland consisting of the trading centers and missionary stations along the southwest coast of the island. Its capital was at Godthaab (modern Nuuk). The northernmost town of South Greenland was Holsteinborg, which bordered Egedesminde, which was the southernmost town of North Greenland. This boundary between South and North Greenland ran at around 68°N\",\n \"title\": \"South Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14816977\",\n \"text\": \"Greenland by military patrols. The migrating wolves began to repopulate the area and have establish a new population of wolves. Wolves are now protected in Greenland, and by 2011 they had re-established a population of 23 wolves through single and pairs of wolves following military dog-sled patrols from the northeast over distances of up to 560 kilometers to eastern Greenland. Greenland wolf The Greenland wolf (\\\"Canis lupus orion\\\") is a subspecies of gray wolf that is native to Greenland. More than 90% of the wolf's range falls within the boundaries of the Northeast Greenland National Park, where the wolf population\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland wolf\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14538640\",\n \"text\": \"Greenland. The company's monopoly was finally ended in 1950 and the Home Rule Government, introduced in 1979, gained control in 1986, first renaming it \\\"Kalaallit Niuerfiat\\\" and then, in 1992, \\\"KNI\\\". The company's fishing operations were spun off as Royal Greenland A/S in 1990. Royal Greenland Royal Greenland A/S is a fishing company in Greenland, spun off from Kalaallit Niuerfiat in 1990 but still wholly owned by the Government of Greenland. The company operates in a number of towns and settlements in Greenland, with 20 fish processing plants and ship bases of local subsidiary units. Some of the processing plants\",\n \"title\": \"Royal Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14538639\",\n \"text\": \"Royal Greenland Royal Greenland A/S is a fishing company in Greenland, spun off from Kalaallit Niuerfiat in 1990 but still wholly owned by the Government of Greenland. The company operates in a number of towns and settlements in Greenland, with 20 fish processing plants and ship bases of local subsidiary units. Some of the processing plants were closed between 2007 and 2009. Royal Greenland had an annual net profit of DKK 335 million before tax in 2016. The Royal Greenland Trading Department was founded in 1774 as a Dano-Norwegian state enterprise charged with administering the Danish settlements and trade in\",\n \"title\": \"Royal Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852204\",\n \"text\": \"Mewelde Moore added 138 yards rushing to ice a defensive second half. The Vikings defense had their season best performance, holding the Titans to 243 yards in the victory, which improved their record to 4–1. 2004 Minnesota Vikings season The 2004 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 44th in the National Football League. The Vikings finished the 2004 season going 3–7 over the final 10 weeks, just like they did in 2003; however, they made the playoffs with an overall 8–8 record. Quarterback Daunte Culpepper amassed MVP-level statistics, throwing for 4,717 passing yards (leading the NFL), 39 passing touchdowns (a franchise\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852193\",\n \"text\": \"in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (the first team to do it was the St. Louis Rams, who beat the Seattle Seahawks 27–20 the day before the Vikings–Packers game took place). In the divisional round, the Vikings were defeated 27–14 by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles and did not return to the playoffs for four years. Following the season, Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders; he returned briefly to the Vikings in 2010. The Vikings kicked off the season hosting the Bill Parcells coached Dallas\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9852192\",\n \"text\": \"2004 Minnesota Vikings season The 2004 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 44th in the National Football League. The Vikings finished the 2004 season going 3–7 over the final 10 weeks, just like they did in 2003; however, they made the playoffs with an overall 8–8 record. Quarterback Daunte Culpepper amassed MVP-level statistics, throwing for 4,717 passing yards (leading the NFL), 39 passing touchdowns (a franchise record) and 5,123 total yards (an NFL record). In the wildcard round of the playoffs, the Vikings defeated their rival Green Bay Packers 31–17 in their first ever playoff meeting, making them the second team\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12843978\",\n \"text\": \"yards. In the fourth quarter, Arizona kicker Neil Rackers nailed a 29-yard field goal. However, the Vikings tried to rally with Favre hooking up with rookie wide receiver Percy Harvin on a 31-yard TD pass. The Vikings tried an onside kick, which they did not recover and Arizona ran out the clock to seal their win. With only their second loss of the season, the Vikings not only fell to 10–2, but they lost starting linebacker E. J. Henderson to a season-ending broken leg. Hoping to rebound from their devastating Sunday Night loss to the Cardinals, the Vikings went home\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Minnesota Vikings season\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9862119\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Minnesota Vikings This article details the history of the Minnesota Vikings, an American football club of the National Football League (NFL). Professional football history in the Twin Cities began in the 1920s; the Minneapolis Marines joined the American Professional Football Association (later to become the National Football League) in 1921, but folded in 1924; they were resurrected as the Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1929 but lasted just two seasons before merging with the Frankford Yellow Jackets. A new professional team in the area did not surface again until August 1959, when three Minneapolis businessmen – Bill Boyer,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Minnesota Vikings\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20849967\",\n \"text\": \"Cup was abolished due to a lack of quality from Greenland's national team. The Greenland football association President Lars Lundblad mentioned the interest in returning the Greenland Cup since the improvement of Greenland's team and would be possible once Greenland have joined FIFA as a fully recognised member nation. Greenland Cup The Greenland Cup was an association football friendly knock-out tournament held under Non-FIFA affiliations and controlled by the Football Association of Greenland. It was played by senior male Non-FIFA National Football Teams. The Greenland National Football Team competed as a regular in its short-lived running. Despite being the representing\",\n \"title\": \"Greenland Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15208519\",\n \"text\": \"Packers–Vikings rivalry The Packers–Vikings rivalry is an NFL rivalry between the Green Bay Packers and Minnesota Vikings. The rivalry began in 1961, when the Minnesota Vikings entered the league as an expansion team. The rivalry is known for its many close games and the parity of the all-time series. It is also considered to be one of the most intense rivalries in the National Football League, due to both teams being located in the same division since the Vikings' inception, and the fact that the two states (Minnesota and Wisconsin) are geographically located side by side, thereby allowing them to\",\n \"title\": \"Packers–Vikings rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20271280\",\n \"text\": \"the conditions for the Danish visa. Greenlandic visas are not valid for visiting Denmark. Nordic citizens can enter with a passport or national ID card (or, when arriving from a Nordic country, any photo identification) for any duration and purpose. Citizens of other countries require a passport. Visa policy of the Kingdom of Denmark Visa policy of the EU and EFTA Visa policy of Greenland The visa policy of Greenland covers the types and issuance of visas of Greenland. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat) is a constituent country () of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is not part of the Schengen Area,\",\n \"title\": \"Visa policy of Greenland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12023079\",\n \"text\": \"of association football for nations and sub-national countries that are not FIFA members. Although the Faroe Islands, another dependency of Denmark, is a member of FIFA and UEFA, Greenland is considered part of Denmark for the purposes of international football. However, Greenland have still been fighting to join UEFA and FIFA. The Greenland football association and the Danish DBU entered into an agreement in 2015 to grow the sport of football in Greenland and work towards FIFA and UEFA membership by 2020. One of the biggest moments in the island's footballing history came in 2001 when the national team played\",\n \"title\": \"Association football in Greenland\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":293,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"294"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What president created social security?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"661707","text":"Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment. In the Second New Deal, the Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. The act laid the groundwork for the modern welfare system in the United States, with its primary focus to provide aid for the elderly, the unemployed, and children. Industrialization and the urbanization in the 19th","title":"Social Security Act"},{"docid":"1720722","text":"named the 12th best place to work in the U.S. federal government (out of 18 large agencies). The Social Security Act created a Social Security Board (SSB), to oversee the administration of the new program. It was created as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal with the signing of the Social Security Act of 1935 on August 14, 1935. The Board consisted of three presidentially appointed executives, and started with no budget, no staff, and no furniture. It obtained a temporary budget from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration headed by Harry Hopkins. The first counsel for the new","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"16468662","text":"wage earning among men and women in the Social Security system. History of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \"social insurance\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were","title":"History of Social Security in the United States"},{"docid":"16468621","text":"History of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \"social insurance\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age,","title":"History of Social Security in the United States"},{"docid":"592342","text":"have had a Social Security number because it is requested by a wide range of businesses. In 2015, Social Security expenditures totaled $750.5 billion for OASDI and $146.6 billion for DI. Income derived from Social Security is currently estimated to have reduced the poverty rate for Americans age 65 or older from about 40% to below 10%. In 2018, the trustees of the Social Security Trust Fund reported that the program will become financially insolvent in the year 2034. Social Security Timeline A limited form of the Social Security program began, during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term, as a","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"592340","text":"Social Security (United States) In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended, encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs. Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally","title":"Social Security (United States)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"661707\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment. In the Second New Deal, the Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. The act laid the groundwork for the modern welfare system in the United States, with its primary focus to provide aid for the elderly, the unemployed, and children. Industrialization and the urbanization in the 19th\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720722\",\n \"text\": \"named the 12th best place to work in the U.S. federal government (out of 18 large agencies). The Social Security Act created a Social Security Board (SSB), to oversee the administration of the new program. It was created as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal with the signing of the Social Security Act of 1935 on August 14, 1935. The Board consisted of three presidentially appointed executives, and started with no budget, no staff, and no furniture. It obtained a temporary budget from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration headed by Harry Hopkins. The first counsel for the new\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16468662\",\n \"text\": \"wage earning among men and women in the Social Security system. History of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \\\"social insurance\\\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were\",\n \"title\": \"History of Social Security in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16468621\",\n \"text\": \"History of Social Security in the United States A limited form of the Social Security program began as a measure to implement \\\"social insurance\\\" during the Great Depression of the 1930s, when poverty rates among senior citizens exceeded 50 percent. The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The Act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age,\",\n \"title\": \"History of Social Security in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592342\",\n \"text\": \"have had a Social Security number because it is requested by a wide range of businesses. In 2015, Social Security expenditures totaled $750.5 billion for OASDI and $146.6 billion for DI. Income derived from Social Security is currently estimated to have reduced the poverty rate for Americans age 65 or older from about 40% to below 10%. In 2018, the trustees of the Social Security Trust Fund reported that the program will become financially insolvent in the year 2034. Social Security Timeline A limited form of the Social Security program began, during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term, as a\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592340\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security (United States) In the United States, Social Security is the commonly used term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program and is administered by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935, and the current version of the Act, as amended, encompasses several social welfare and social insurance programs. Social Security is funded primarily through payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and are formally\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"18363790","text":"Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on matters related to the Social Security and Supplemental Security Income programs. In the United States in 1994, when Congress passed legislation establishing SSA as an independent agency, it also created a seven-member bipartisan Board to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on policies related to Social Security’s","title":"Social Security Advisory Board"},{"docid":"592434","text":"federal government created Social Security, all federal employees, including the president and members of Congress, were exempt from having to pay the Social Security tax, and they received no Social Security benefits. This law was changed by the Social Security Amendments of 1983, which brought within the Social Security system all members of Congress, the president and the vice president, federal judges, and certain executive-level political appointees, as well as all federal employees hired in any capacity on or after January 1, 1984. Many state and local government workers, however, are exempt from Social Security taxes because they contribute instead","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"18363791","text":"old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. The legislation passed both Houses of Congress without opposition and President Clinton signed the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 into law (P.L. 103-296) on August 15, 1994. The law took effect on March 31, 1995. Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on matters","title":"Social Security Advisory Board"},{"docid":"14752156","text":"earners and low-salaried employees. This he said on January 26, 1948, during his State of the Nation Address. On July 7, 1948, after the death of President Roxas, President Elpidio Quirino created a Social Security Commission, his first official act as president. This commission drafted the Social Security Act that was submitted to Congress. In 1954, Rep. Floro Crisologo, Senators Cipriano Primicias and Manuel Briones introduced bills to the Congress that were eventually enacted as Republic Act 1161, or the Social Security Act of 1954. The law was also called the Social Security Law (SS Law). However, its implementation was","title":"Social Security System (Philippines)"},{"docid":"20479780","text":"the government of Juan Jose Arevalo. In his efforts to mobilize the social protection infrastructure of Guatemala, the Arevalo administration brought two technocrats in the field of Social Security to help them design the Social Security system. Dr. Walter Dittel of Chile and Oscar Barahona Streber of Costa Rica. The technocrats made a socio-economic evaluation of the labor-capital landscape of the country. After a year of study, and a published report named \"Basis of the Social Security System in Guatemala\", the Guatemalan legislature created a Social Security Act No. 256 and President Juan Jose Arevalo signed the Institute of Social","title":"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security"},{"docid":"13208353","text":"Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the Social Security Number (SSN) Card to prevent forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, Social Security Administration (SSA) and Government Printing Office (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security Number Card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Force created by the Commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security. The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO design teams. Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about","title":"Social Security number"},{"docid":"19324650","text":"regional director for young people, sport and social cohesion, following nominations by the most representative trade and professional organisations. The president of the social security tribunal also gives his opinion. There are 115 social security tribunals. Social security tribunal In France, the Social security tribunal (in French: tribunal des affaires de la sécurité sociale) rules on disputes between social security funds (caisses de sécurité sociale) and users, for example regarding membership of a fund or the award and payment of benefits. A social security tribunal is made up of a president, who is a judge of the regional court, and","title":"Social security tribunal"},{"docid":"20479786","text":"the health services provided by the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security is financed in the following way: Guatemalan Institute of Social Security The Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (abbreviated as IGSS, in Spanish) is the branch of the Guatemalan Ministry of Work and Social Provision that provides Hospital and Clinical services; pensions and income protection benefits, and employment counseling for salaried employees in Guatemala. The GISS was created in 1946 under the administration of President Juan Jose Arevalo after the Guatemalan legislature passed Congressional Act 256 that ushered in a series of labor reforms, including the creation of a pension","title":"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security"},{"docid":"19324649","text":"Social security tribunal In France, the Social security tribunal (in French: tribunal des affaires de la sécurité sociale) rules on disputes between social security funds (caisses de sécurité sociale) and users, for example regarding membership of a fund or the award and payment of benefits. A social security tribunal is made up of a president, who is a judge of the regional court, and assessors, who are not professional judges, appointed for three years by the first president of the Court of Appeal from a list drawn up for the area within the jurisdiction of the particular tribunal by the","title":"Social security tribunal"},{"docid":"20479779","text":"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security The Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (abbreviated as IGSS, in Spanish) is the branch of the Guatemalan Ministry of Work and Social Provision that provides Hospital and Clinical services; pensions and income protection benefits, and employment counseling for salaried employees in Guatemala. The GISS was created in 1946 under the administration of President Juan Jose Arevalo after the Guatemalan legislature passed Congressional Act 256 that ushered in a series of labor reforms, including the creation of a pension system and clinical services for employees. The Institute was a development of the labor reforms instituted by","title":"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security"},{"docid":"4706712","text":"challenge\" that, if not addressed timely, would \"present future Congresses with impossible choices – staggering tax increases, immense deficits, or deep cuts in every category of spending\". A liberal think tank, The Center for Economic and Policy Research, says that \"Social Security is more financially sound today than it has been throughout most of its 69-year history\" and that Bush's statement should have no credibility. In 2004 Nobel Laureate economist Paul Krugman, deriding what he called \"the hype about a Social Security crisis\", wrote: President Ronald Reagan stated in October 1984: \"Social Security has nothing to do with the deficit...Social","title":"Social Security debate in the United States"},{"docid":"17678234","text":"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain) The Social Security Reserve Fund was created in 2000 with the aim of investing current social security surpluses to finance future State Pension Scheme shortfalls. It was created as one of the recommendations of the tri-partite Pacto de Toledo of 1995 between government, employers and trade unions. In 2009 the fund amounted to 60 Bn€ and in 2010 assets had increased to 64 Bn€. The establishment of the Social Security Reserve Fund was part of the 1994 Toledo Pact agreement between government, employers and unions. Under the agreement the surpluses of the social security system","title":"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain)"},{"docid":"661717","text":"this even division on the Court, the holding of the Washington Supreme Court, finding the minimum wage statute constitutional, would stand. As Hughes desired a clear and strong 5–4 affirmation of the Washington Supreme Court judgment, rather than a 4–4 default affirmation, he convinced the other justices to wait until Stone's return before both deciding and announcing the case. Two Supreme Court rulings affirmed the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It","title":"Social Security Act"},{"docid":"11850565","text":"generalized, national social security system similar to that described in Beveridge's plan. The Social Security is financed by payments from both employers and their employees; it is administered and managed by all social partners, typically employee unions and/or companies. The Constitution of the IVth Republic, adopted by referendum in 1946, a constitutional state obligation to provide financial assistance to those deemed most socially vulnerable, most notably women, children, and retired workers. Nonetheless, social security was not entirely universal. The CNR program—the national resistance council—had envisioned universal social security, but the \"régime général\", or unified social security program, actually created excluded","title":"Social security in France"},{"docid":"10774905","text":"Federal Public Service Social Security The FPS Social Security and Public Institutions of Social Security (, , ), more commonly known as the FPS Social Security, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on May 23, 2001, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. The FPS Social Security is responsible for the Belgian system of social security. The FPS Social Security is currently organised into five Directorates-General: In addition, it is also responsible for a large number of public social security institutions, such as the National","title":"Federal Public Service Social Security"},{"docid":"6030343","text":"improper payments due to errors or processes that could lead to errors. \"These websites may require subscription/registration to search or get results\" Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Index (SSDI) is a database of death records created from the United States Social Security Administration's Death Master File Extract. Most persons who have died since 1936 who had a Social Security Number (SSN) and whose death has been reported to the Social Security Administration are listed in the SSDI. For most years since 1973, the SSDI includes 93 percent to 96 percent of deaths of individuals aged 65 or","title":"Social Security Death Index"},{"docid":"6030337","text":"Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Index (SSDI) is a database of death records created from the United States Social Security Administration's Death Master File Extract. Most persons who have died since 1936 who had a Social Security Number (SSN) and whose death has been reported to the Social Security Administration are listed in the SSDI. For most years since 1973, the SSDI includes 93 percent to 96 percent of deaths of individuals aged 65 or older. It is frequently updated; the version of June 22, 2011 contained 89,835,920 records. Unlike the Death Master File, the SSDI is","title":"Social Security Death Index"},{"docid":"11850578","text":"September 2016 that the Social Security budget would be balanced in 2017 for the first time in 16 years. In addition to the three main regimes there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system and which refused to be merged into the general system when it was created. The main special regimes are; On the funding of Social Security Social security in France Social security in France is divided into four branches: illness; old age/retirement; family; work accident and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view, French social security is made up","title":"Social security in France"},{"docid":"17862351","text":"Social Security Treasury Venezuela Social security is a human and social fundamental and inalienable right guaranteed by the State to all Venezuelans residing in the territory of the Republic, and all foreigners legally impeached on it, regardless of ability to pay, provided social, work activity, through development, wages, earnings and income, according to the principle of progressivity and the terms of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, as well as the different national laws, treaties, agreements and conventions signed and ratified by the Republic. The Social Security Treasury Venezuela is created with the appointment of the Treasurer of the Social Security","title":"Social Security Treasury Venezuela"},{"docid":"17862348","text":"Social Security Treasury Venezuela Social security is a human and social fundamental and inalienable right guaranteed by the State to all Venezuelans residing in the territory of the Republic, and all foreigners legally impeached on it, regardless of ability to pay, provided social, work activity, through development, wages, earnings and income, according to the principle of progressivity and the terms of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, as well as the different national laws, treaties, agreements and conventions signed and ratified by the Republic. The Social Security Treasury Venezuela is created with the appointment of the Treasurer of the Social Security","title":"Social Security Treasury Venezuela"},{"docid":"10774906","text":"Office for Social Security, the National Institute for the Social Security of the Self-employed, the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, the National Office for Pensions and the National Employment Office. Federal Public Service Social Security The FPS Social Security and Public Institutions of Social Security (, , ), more commonly known as the FPS Social Security, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on May 23, 2001, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. The FPS Social Security is responsible for the Belgian system","title":"Federal Public Service Social Security"},{"docid":"11328700","text":"International Social Security Association The International Social Security Association (ISSA) is an international organization bringing together national social security administrations and agencies. Founded in 1927, the ISSA has more than 330 member organizations in 158 countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the International Labour Office (ILO). The ISSA President, elected in 2016, is Joachim Breuer (Germany) and the Secretary General since 2005 is Hans-Horst Konkolewsky (Denmark). The recognition of social security as a basic human right is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The development of social security programmes is considered to be one","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"19795523","text":"Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security The Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (Spanish: \"Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS)\"), is an autonomous entity that is part of the social security system of Ecuador and is responsible for implementing the mandatory universal insurance, according to the Constitution of the Republic, in force since 2008. The Constitution states that social security is an inalienable right of all people. Social security is governed by the principles of solidarity, obligation, universality, equity, efficiency, subsidiarity, adequacy, transparency and participation. In 1937, with the Law on Mandatory Social Security Insurance Fund of Private Employees and Workers is created","title":"Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security"},{"docid":"19924190","text":"Honduran Social Security Institute The Honduran Social Security Institute (Instituto Hondureño de Seguro Social or IHSS in Spanish) is a Honduran program that provides pensions and healthcare coverage. It was inaugurated in 1959 when the \"Social Security Law of Honduras\" was approved during the constitutional presidency of Ramón Villeda Morales. Honduran Institute assistance centers were created and formal operations began on March 1, 1962. During the administration of Porfirio Lobo, Mario Zelaya was appointed as director of the Honduran Institute of Social Security. Mario Zelaya, took advantage of his position and the finances he handled to allegedly embezzle the institution","title":"Honduran Social Security Institute"},{"docid":"17862349","text":"System by the late President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, to ensure this fundamental right. It is an autonomous institution with legal personality and its own, distinct and independent of the National Treasury, and is under the Ministry of Popular Power for social work process. The Treasury of Social Security has the purpose of raising financial funds Social Security System, in order to ensure the quasi-fiscal support and the operation and management of the Information System of Social Security for registration, affiliation and identification people, subject to the scope of the Organic Law of Social Security System.","title":"Social Security Treasury Venezuela"},{"docid":"14752155","text":"Social Security System (Philippines) The Philippine Social Security System (SSS; ) is a state-run, social insurance program in the Philippines to workers in the private, professional, and informal sectors. SSS is established by virtue of Republic Act No.1161, better known as Social Security Act of 1954. This law was later amended by Republic Act No. 8282 in 1997. Government employees, meanwhile, are covered under a separate state-pension fund managed by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS). It was former President Manuel A. Roxas who first proposed a bill in Congress, seeking the establishment of a social security system for wage","title":"Social Security System (Philippines)"},{"docid":"592433","text":"if the claimant is found disabled and found to be \"holding out\"; this claimant will be entitled of reduced or no SSI benefits. However, the Social Security Act does not accept that a claimant \"holding out as husband or wife\" should be entitled of Survivor, Retirement or Widows benefits, when the claimant's \"husband or wife\" dies. SSA rules and regulations about marital status either prohibit (SRDI program) or reduce (SSI program) benefits to indigent claimants. Critics of Social Security have said that the politicians who created Social Security exempted themselves from having to pay the Social Security tax. When the","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"592453","text":"that the Social Security system be modified to provide for the option of individual accounts (in effect, to make the system, at least in part, more like a defined contribution pension plan). Specifically, on February 2, 2005, President George W. Bush made Social Security a prominent theme of his State of the Union Address. He described the Social Security system as \"headed for bankruptcy\", and outlined, in general terms, a proposal based on partial privatization. Critics responded that privatization would require huge new government borrowing to fund benefit payments during the transition years. See Social Security debate (United States). Both","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"11328713","text":"with objectives compatible with those of ISSA but not qualified to become affiliate members. International Social Security Association The International Social Security Association (ISSA) is an international organization bringing together national social security administrations and agencies. Founded in 1927, the ISSA has more than 330 member organizations in 158 countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the International Labour Office (ILO). The ISSA President, elected in 2016, is Joachim Breuer (Germany) and the Secretary General since 2005 is Hans-Horst Konkolewsky (Denmark). The recognition of social security as a basic human right is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"1527187","text":"Social Security system is primarily a pay-as-you-go system, meaning that payments to current retirees come from current payments into the system. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter and the 95th Congress increased the FICA tax to fund Social Security, phased in gradually into the 1980s. In the early 1980s, financial projections of the Social Security Administration indicated near-term revenue from payroll taxes would not be sufficient to fully fund near-term benefits (thus raising the possibility of benefit cuts). The federal government appointed the National Commission on Social Security Reform, headed by Alan Greenspan (who had not yet been named Chairman of","title":"Social Security Trust Fund"},{"docid":"17678236","text":"und EU rules. In 2014 it is expected to withdraw another 11 Bn, Having reached 66 Bn euros in 2010 it fell to 59 Bn in 2012 and will end 2013 with 53 Bn eur. Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain) The Social Security Reserve Fund was created in 2000 with the aim of investing current social security surpluses to finance future State Pension Scheme shortfalls. It was created as one of the recommendations of the tri-partite Pacto de Toledo of 1995 between government, employers and trade unions. In 2009 the fund amounted to 60 Bn€ and in 2010 assets had","title":"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain)"},{"docid":"592387","text":"a minority of government employees enrolled in public employee pensions and not subject to Social Security taxes due to historical exemptions. It is possible for railroad employees to get a \"coordinated\" retirement and disability benefits. The U.S. Railroad Retirement Board (or \"RRB\") is an independent agency in the executive branch of the United States government created in 1935 to administer a social insurance program providing retirement benefits to the country's railroad workers. Railroad retirement Tier I payroll taxes are coordinated with social security taxes so that employees and employers pay Tier I taxes at the same rate as social security","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"6036252","text":"Mexican Social Security Institute The Mexican Social Security Institute (, IMSS) is a governmental organization that assists public health, pensions and social security in Mexico operating under Secretaría de Salud (Secretariat of Health). The IMSS was founded by President Manuel Ávila Camacho on January 19, 1943, in order to satisfy the legal precepts established in the Article 123 of the Constitution. It is constituted by representations of the Workers, Employers and the Federal government. It is the largest social institution in Latin America. For some time, however, there have been festering signs of trouble in IMSS, not the least being","title":"Mexican Social Security Institute"},{"docid":"20742234","text":"assistance to persons with different categories. The state social protection system in Azerbaijan consists of two main parts: 1) social insurance; and 2) social security. The State Social Protection Fund implements social security programs, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population carries out social protection programs. The changes in the social protection system started with the realization of the \"Concept of Pension Reform in the Republic of Azerbaijan\" approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated July 17, 2001. Law of Azerbaijan “On individual accounts in the system of the state","title":"Social security in Azerbaijan"},{"docid":"592442","text":"other issues, Robert E. Wright calls Social Security a \"quasi\" pyramid scheme in his book, \"Fubarnomics\". In 2004, Urban Institute economists C. Eugene Steuerle and Adam Carasso created a Web-based Social Security benefits calculator. Using this calculator it is possible to estimate net Social Security benefits (i.e., estimated lifetime benefits minus estimated lifetime FICA taxes paid) for different types of recipients. In the book \"Democrats and Republicans – Rhetoric and Reality\" Joseph Fried used the calculator to create graphical depictions of the estimated net benefits of men and women who were at different wage levels, single and married (with stay-at-home","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"11850564","text":"1944, in the Vichy government. As a result, historian Fred Kupferman has called Laval \"the father of social security\" in France. During the Second World War, the National Council of the French Resistance adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the U.K., the first report of British economist William Beveridge outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the \"ordonnances\" of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a","title":"Social security in France"},{"docid":"1720721","text":"2017 through November 17, 2017. SSA is headquartered in Woodlawn, Maryland, just to the west of Baltimore, at what is known as Central Office. The agency includes 10 regional offices, 8 processing centers, approximately 1300 field offices, and 37 Teleservice Centers. , about 60,000 people were employed by SSA. Headquarters non-supervisory employees of SSA are represented by American Federation of Government Employees Local 1923. Social Security is the largest social welfare program in the United States. For 2014, the net cost of Social Security was $906.4 billion, an amount corresponding to 21% of US Federal Government expenditures. It has been","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"15873189","text":"The recommendations given became the basis of what was to be incorporated in the Social Security Act. Savage gave a broadcast to the nation on 2 April 1938 outlining the Labour governments intentions and details of the proposed bill. He outlined the details of a comprehensive scheme of social security to provide \"a condition of social security unsurpassed in any other country in the world\". He stressed that the scheme had been carefully costed and was easily affordable to allay fears of tear away government spending. The details specified the following: The scheme was to be funded by raising the","title":"Social Security Act 1938"},{"docid":"592400","text":"salary. Congress passed in 1983 the Windfall Elimination Provision to minimize Social Security benefits for these recipients. The basic provision is that the first salary bracket, $0–791/month (2013) has its normal benefit percentage of 90% reduced to 40–90%—see Social Security for the exact percentage. The reduction is limited to roughly 50% of what you would be eligible for if you had always worked under OASDI taxes. The 90% benefit percentage factor is not reduced if you have 30 or more years of \"substantial\" earnings. The average Social Security payment of $1,230/month ($14,760/year) in 2013 is only slightly above the federal","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"17213413","text":"for unorganised workers. As a follow up to the implementation of the Act, the National Social Security Board was set up on 18 August 2009. Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide for the social security and welfare of the unorganised workers(meaning home-based workers, self-employed workers or daily-wage workers). This act received the assent of the President of India on 30 December 2008. The act provides for the constitution of National Social Security Board at the Central level which shall recommend formulation of social","title":"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008"},{"docid":"17213412","text":"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide for the social security and welfare of the unorganised workers(meaning home-based workers, self-employed workers or daily-wage workers). This act received the assent of the President of India on 30 December 2008. The act provides for the constitution of National Social Security Board at the Central level which shall recommend formulation of social security schemes viz life and disability cover, health and maternity benefits, old age protection and any other benefit as may be determined by the Government","title":"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008"},{"docid":"1527188","text":"the Federal Reserve), to investigate what additional changes to federal law were necessary to shore up the fiscal health of the Social Security program. The Greenspan Commission projected that the system would be solvent for the entirety of its 75-year forecast period with certain recommendations. The changes to federal law enacted in 1983 and signed by President Reagan and pursuant to the recommendations of the Greenspan Commission advanced the time frame for previously scheduled payroll tax increases (though it raised slightly the payroll tax for the self-employed to equal the employer-employee rate), changed certain benefit calculations, and raised the retirement","title":"Social Security Trust Fund"},{"docid":"317197","text":"bilateral or multilateral social security agreements between countries. These agreements guarantee the totalization of periods of contribution to the social security systems of both countries and the extraterritorial payment of benefits. Currently it is estimated that approximately 23 per cent of migrants worldwide are covered by bilateral social security agreements. Portability (social security) The portability of social security benefits is the ability of workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights and social security rights in the process of being acquired from one private, occupational, or public social security scheme to another. Social security rights refer to rights","title":"Portability (social security)"},{"docid":"375321","text":"Elsewhere the term is used in a much broader sense, referring to the economic security society offers when people are faced with certain risks. In its 1952 Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (nr. 102), the International Labour Organization (ILO) defined the traditional contingencies covered by social security as including: People who cannot reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for \"social assistance\" (or welfare, in American English). Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow. In their view, social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers, but also aims at security of","title":"Social security"},{"docid":"1281042","text":"the Social Security Administration. Thus, SSI was created to eliminate the differences between the states including different disability standards and income and resources requirements, which many perceived as irrational or unfair. President Nixon signed the Social Security Amendments of 1972 on October 30, 1972 which created the SSI Program. The SSI program officially began operations in January 1974 by federalizing states' programs, designating the Social Security Administration (SSA) to administer the SSI program. SSA was selected because it had been administering a nationwide adult disability program under the Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB) program since 1956 for workers who","title":"Supplemental Security Income"},{"docid":"12005787","text":"the Social Security Administration (Fraud) Act (1997 ch. 47), the Social Security Act (1998 ch. 14), the Social Security Fraud Act (2001 ch.11), and the Welfare Reform Act (2007 ch.5). Although the base legislation is contained within the acts, most of the actual rules and regulations come within a plethora of Statutory Instruments. The best place to view these is via (National Archives), a UK Governmental website. The main offences created by the act (and subsequent amendments) are : Section 111A is an either way offence, the others are summary only. Where cases of benefit fraud result in criminal prosecution","title":"Social Security Administration Act 1992"},{"docid":"7740214","text":"own medical examiners. Prior to the codified rule, federal courts had imposed a similar rule through a \"common law\", but it was inconsistent. On January 18, 2017, the security administration published final rules titled \"Revisions to Rules Regarding the Evaluation of Medical Evidence\" regarding the \"treating physician rule\". These new rules regarding the assessment of medical opinions in a social security disability case apply to cases filed after March 27, 2017. While these new rules expand the definition of what social security considers to be an \"acceptable medical source\" for disability claim medical opinions to include nurse practitioners, physician assistants,","title":"Social Security Disability Insurance"},{"docid":"375318","text":"Social security Social security is \"any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.\" In the United States, this is usually called welfare or a social safety net, especially when talking about Canada and European countries. Social security is asserted in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable","title":"Social security"},{"docid":"1720724","text":"the first regular ongoing monthly benefits began. In 1946, the SSB was renamed the Social Security Administration under President Harry S. Truman's Reorganization Plan. In 1953, the Federal Security Agency was abolished and SSA was placed under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which became the Department of Health and Human Services in 1980. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed into law returning SSA to the status of an independent agency in the executive branch of government. In 1972, Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs) were introduced into SSA programs to deal with the effects of inflation on fixed incomes.","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"20775454","text":"People: The position was first created as a junior ministerial role, the Minister for Social Security in May 2016, to reflect the increased powers of the Scottish Government over Social Security as a result of the Scotland Act 2016. The Minister for Social Security did not attend cabinet meetings, instead being represented by the Cabinet Secretary for Communities, Social Security and Equalities, Angela Constance MSP. In June 2018 the position was raised to Cabinet Secretary level. Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People The Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People is a position in the Scottish Government","title":"Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People"},{"docid":"15656337","text":"hierarchy is as follows: The General Directorate of Social Security Policy is charged with unifying Bolivia's retirement and social security systems into a single unified system. Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security The Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security () is a Bolivian government ministry which oversees labor relations, pensions and social security programs. Since 2 June 2011, it has been headed by Minister Daniel Santalla Torres, a politician and former factory union leader. He succeeded Félix Rojas in the position. The Ministry was founded by the government of Germán Busch during his first brief appearance as president.","title":"Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security"},{"docid":"317195","text":"Portability (social security) The portability of social security benefits is the ability of workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights and social security rights in the process of being acquired from one private, occupational, or public social security scheme to another. Social security rights refer to rights stemming from pension schemes (old age, survivor, disability), unemployment insurance, health insurance, workers' compensation, and sickness benefits. Hence, if social security benefits are portable, contributors to, for example, old-age pension schemes do not experience any disadvantage such as the loss of contributions and benefits associated with these contributions when moving","title":"Portability (social security)"},{"docid":"20686841","text":"the first Scotland-wide social security agency in the nation's history. The Scottish Government recognises social security as a human right. Social Security Scotland is expected to be responsible for the provision of 10 social security payments which includes 3 additional social security payments of specific welfare areas by 2021. They are being implemented on a rolling basis to ensure continuity and a smooth transition. When fully implemented, these payments will include: Social Security Scotland will operate from two large bases in Dundee and Glasgow, alongside operations at a local level. Many aspects of social security will remain reserved to the","title":"Social Security Scotland"},{"docid":"20686840","text":"Social Security Scotland Social Security Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: \"Tèarainteachd Shòisealta Alba\") is the executive agency of the Scottish Government with responsibility for social security provision. When the devolved Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, social security provisions remained a reserved matter for the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the 2014 independence referendum, the Smith Commission recommended devolution of some welfare powers. Subsequently, the Scotland Act 2016 was passed, devolving certain areas of social security policy to the Scottish Parliament. Social Security Scotland was established as a result of the Scottish Parliament passing the Social Security (Scotland) Act in April 2018, becoming","title":"Social Security Scotland"},{"docid":"13208342","text":"Social Security number In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act, codified as . The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an independent agency of the United States government. Although its primary purpose is to track individuals for Social Security purposes, the Social Security number has become a \"de facto\" national identification number for taxation and other purposes. A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Form SS-5, application for","title":"Social Security number"},{"docid":"11737854","text":"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) of the Government of the People's Republic of China is a ministry under the State Council which is responsible for national labor policies, standards, regulations and managing the national social security. This includes labor force management, labor relationship readjustment, social insurance management and legal construction of labor. The State Bureau of Civil Servants reports to the new ministry. The ministry is created from the former Ministry of Personnel and Ministry of Labour and Social Security. This was announced at the 2008 National People's Congress. Since","title":"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security"},{"docid":"18265360","text":"year 2015 President Obama’s Budget includes “a proposal to develop automated data exchanges for states and localities.” And this information will be used to reduce “improper (WEP or GPO) payments .“ Our president is untruthful. http://www.ssa.gov/budget/FY15Files/2015FCJ.pdf California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013 The California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013 is also known as California Senate Bill 896 is a California law that repeals the government pension offset and windfall elimination provisions of the United States Social Security Act. Obama campaigned to repeal the unfair Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and Government Pension Offset (GPO) - laws which have stripped","title":"California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013"},{"docid":"375332","text":"as symptoms of social injustice and structural inequality and see social protection as a right of citizenship. Targeted welfare is a necessary step between humanitarianism and the ideal of a \"guaranteed minimum income\" where entitlement extends beyond cash or food transfers and is based on citizenship, not philanthropy. Social security Social security is \"any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.\" In the United States, this is usually called welfare or a social safety net, especially when talking about Canada and European countries. Social security is asserted in Article 22 of the Universal","title":"Social security"},{"docid":"20686842","text":"United Kingdom Parliament, and will continue to be administered through the Department for Work and Pensions. These include: Social Security Scotland Social Security Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: \"Tèarainteachd Shòisealta Alba\") is the executive agency of the Scottish Government with responsibility for social security provision. When the devolved Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, social security provisions remained a reserved matter for the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the 2014 independence referendum, the Smith Commission recommended devolution of some welfare powers. Subsequently, the Scotland Act 2016 was passed, devolving certain areas of social security policy to the Scottish Parliament. Social Security Scotland was","title":"Social Security Scotland"},{"docid":"1720720","text":"Social Security Administration The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits, most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings; the claimant's benefits are based on the wage earner's contributions. Otherwise benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are given based on need. The Social Security Administration was established by a law codified at . Its current leader, Deputy Commissioner of Operations Nancy Berryhill, was acting commissioner from January 19,","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"13208343","text":"A Social Security Number Card. Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in November 1935 as part of the New Deal Social Security program. Within three months, 25 million numbers were issued. On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated \"typing centers\" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and","title":"Social Security number"},{"docid":"15191630","text":"Social Security Organization Social Security Organization (SSO) is a social insurer organization in Iran which provides coverage of wage-earners and salaried workers as well as voluntary coverage of self-employed persons. In 1975, the Social Security Law was approved and the SSO was established. Iran did not legislate in favor of a universal social protection, but in 1996, the Center of the Statistics of Iran estimated that more than 73% of the Iranian population was covered by social security. Membership in the social security system is compulsory for all employees. SSO is a non-governmental organization and it is solely financed by","title":"Social Security Organization"},{"docid":"375322","text":"work, health, and social participation; and new social risks (single parenthood, the reconciliation of work and family life) should be included in the list as well. Social security may refer to: A report published by the ILO in 2014 estimated that only 27% of the world's population has access to comprehensive social security. While several of the provisions to which the concept refers have a long history (especially in poor relief), the notion of \"social security\" itself is a fairly recent one. The earliest examples of use date from the 19th century. In a speech to mark the independence of","title":"Social security"},{"docid":"20742235","text":"social insurance” was approved by president on 27 November 2001. And this law gave authority to State Social Protection Fund for carrying out individual accounting in the state social insurance system. In 2016, the expenditures of State Social Protection Fund amounted AZN 3 078.6 million, of which AZN 1,100 million was transferred from the state budget, and in 2014, these indicators were AZN 2 928.5 million and AZN 1,142 accordingly. According to the 2017 budget draft, totally 2117.7 million manat was allocated to social security, targeted social assistance and social insurance. Expenditures and revenues of the State Social Protection Fund","title":"Social security in Azerbaijan"},{"docid":"592444","text":"and retiring in 2045 is estimated to lose over $200,000 by participating in the Social Security system. In the next graph (Figure 165) the depicted net benefits are averaged for people turning age 65 anytime during the years 2005 through 2045. (In other words, the disparities shown are not related to retirement.) However, we do see the impact of gender and wage level. Because women tend to live longer, they generally collect Social Security benefits for a longer time. As a result, they get a higher net benefit, on average, no matter what the wage level. The next image (Figure","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"592437","text":"today.\" According to the Social Security website, \"The tax rate in the original 1935 law was 1% each on the employer and the employee, on the first $3,000 of earnings. This rate was increased on a regular schedule in four steps so that by 1949 the rate would be 3% each on the first $3,000. The figure was never $1,400, and the rate was never fixed for all time at 1%.\" Critics of Social Security claim that it gives a low rate of return, compared to what is obtained through private retirement accounts. For example, critics point out that under","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"592358","text":"62 retirees can only draw 75% of what they would draw at full retirement age with higher percentages at different ages more than 62 and less than full retirement age. Similar computations based on career average adjusted earnings and age of recipient determine disability and survivor benefits. Federal, state and local employees who have elected (when they could) NOT to pay FICA taxes are eligible for a reduced FICA benefits and full Medicare coverage if they have more than forty quarters of qualifying Social Security covered work. To minimize the Social Security payments to those who have not contributed to","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"1527200","text":"are expected to exhaust the fund by 2034. Thereafter, since Social Security is only authorized to pay beneficiaries what it collects in payroll taxes dedicated to the program, program payouts will fall by an estimated 21%. The trust fund is expected to peak in 2021 at approximately $3.0 trillion. If the parts of the budget outside of Social Security are in deficit, which the Congressional Budget Office and multiple budget expert panels assume for the foreseeable future, there are several implications: On the other hand, if other parts of the budget are in surplus and program recipients can be paid","title":"Social Security Trust Fund"},{"docid":"1527183","text":"is used to cover program deficits in a given year, the Trust Fund balance is reduced. By 2034, the Trust Fund is expected to be exhausted. Thereafter, payroll taxes are projected to only cover approximately 79% of program obligations. There have been various proposals to address this shortfall, including reducing government expenditures, such as by raising the retirement age; tax increases; and borrowing. The \"Social Security Trust Fund\" comprises two separate funds that hold federal government debt obligations related to what are traditionally thought of as Social Security benefits. The larger of these funds is the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance","title":"Social Security Trust Fund"},{"docid":"4706711","text":"organizations that considered it a crucial issue, such as the Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute, continued to lobby for some form of Social Security privatization. The liberal position is typically anti-privatization. Those who have taken an anti-privatization position argue several points (among others), including: Advocates of major change in the system generally argue that drastic action is necessary because Social Security is facing a crisis. In his 2005 State of the Union speech, President Bush indicated that Social Security was facing \"bankruptcy\". In his 2006 State of the Union speech, he described entitlement reform (including Social Security) as a \"national","title":"Social Security debate in the United States"},{"docid":"1720741","text":"the previous year, based on applications for Social Security cards. The report includes the 1,000 most common names for both genders. The Popular Baby Names page on the SSA website provides the complete list and allows searches for past years and particular names. Social Security Administration The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits, most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings; the claimant's benefits are based on the","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"1527191","text":"the program revenues. During 2016, the initial balance as of January 1 was $2,780 billion. An additional $710 billion in payroll tax revenue and $87 billion in interest added to the Fund during 2016, while expenses of $776 billion were removed from the Fund, for a December 31, 2016 balance of $2,801 billion (i.e., $2,780 + $710 + $87 - $776 = $2,801). On February 2, 2005, President George W. Bush made Social Security a prominent theme of his State of the Union Address. One consequence was increased public attention to the nature of the Social Security Trust Fund. Unlike","title":"Social Security Trust Fund"},{"docid":"317196","text":"from one job to another, from one occupation to another, or from the public to the private sector or vice versa. International portability of social security rights allows international migrants, who have contributed to a social security scheme for some time in a particular country, to maintain acquired benefits or benefits in the process of being acquired when moving to another country. International portability of social security benefits is therefore understood as the migrant's ability to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights independent of nationality and country of residence. International portability of social security benefits is achieved through","title":"Portability (social security)"},{"docid":"1720729","text":"participate in Medicare. Most state and local government workers were eventually brought into the Social Security system under \"Section 218 Agreements\". The original 218 interstate instrumentalities were signed in the 1950s, and all states have a Section 218 agreement with the federal government's Social Security Administration. The Social Security Handbook defines an \"interstate instrumentality\". The provisions of Section 218 of the Social Security Act and the instrumentalities agreement and subsequent modifications determine Social Security and Medicare benefits or Medicare-only coverage for state and local government employees enrolled in state and local government retirement systems. All state and local government employees","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"11265940","text":"National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare The National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare (NCPSSM) is a United States advocacy group whose goal is to protect Social Security and Medicare. NCPSSM works to preserve entitlement programs through direct mail campaigns, candidate endorsements, incumbent ratings, grassroots activity, issue advertising, and campaign contributions. NCPSSM promotes tax increases as a way to address what it describes as modest long-term issues with Social Security's solvency. The organization opposes Social Security privatization and supports prescription drug benefits in Medicare. Through its political action committee, the organization donates money to support Democratic candidates","title":"National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare"},{"docid":"15143792","text":"the Committee highlighted the right to social security as an area where women are frequently subject of discrimination. Globally the access to social security is low and 80 percent of the global population have no access to any formal social security protection. Right to social security The right to social security is recognized as a human right and establishes the right to social security assistance for those unable to work due to sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment or old age. Social security systems provided for by states consist of social insurance programs, which provide \"earned benefits\" for workers and","title":"Right to social security"},{"docid":"16780314","text":"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 The Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 was signed into law by then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan on 9 October 1984. Its purpose was to ensure more accurate, consistent and uniform disability determination decisions under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, and to ensure that applicants were treated fairly and humanely. It has been described as \"one of the key pieces of social welfare legislation\" enacted toward the end of Reagan's first term in office. In 1981, Reagan ordered the Social Security Administration (SSA) to tighten up enforcement of the","title":"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984"},{"docid":"16504085","text":"Total Social Security Accounts The Total Social Security Accounts are a synthesis statistic. They are compiled from numerous statistical sources (profit and loss accounts of social insurances, the Public Finance Statistics [EFS], the Swiss Social Insurance Statistics [SVS], etc.) and provide information on expenditures and their financing in the field of social security. On the expenditure side, the Total Social Security Accounts focus on social benefits and on the revenue side on employers' social security contributions, individual compulsory health insurance premiums, public funding and investment income. Figuratively speaking, the Total Social Security Accounts consist of a sub-structure and a superstructure,","title":"Total Social Security Accounts"},{"docid":"15143782","text":"Right to social security The right to social security is recognized as a human right and establishes the right to social security assistance for those unable to work due to sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment or old age. Social security systems provided for by states consist of social insurance programs, which provide \"earned benefits\" for workers and their families by employment contributions, and/or social assistance programs which provide \"non-contributory benefits\" designed to provide minimum levels of social security to persons unable to access social insurance. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises the right to social security in articles","title":"Right to social security"},{"docid":"18884777","text":"Social Security Board (Myanmar) The Social Security Board (; abbreviated SSB) administers Myanmar's social security programs, including benefits and contributions. SSB provides social security programs for public employees, including members of the civil service, state boards, state corporations, municipal authorities and military personnel, as well as employees in limited private sector industries, including commerce, railways, ports, mines and oilfields. The board operates three hospitals and 92 social security clinics. SSB was established under the Social Security Act of 1954, which implemented a social security scheme covering employees working for firms employing over 5 employees, including state-owned, private, foreign and joint","title":"Social Security Board (Myanmar)"},{"docid":"11328711","text":"States Social Security Administration]]] In partnership with the OECD and the International Organisation of Pension Supervisors (IOPS), the ISSA produces \"Complementary and Private Pensions Throughout the World\". The ISSA also issues an electronic newsletter; social security policy briefs; analytical reports on specific topics; and a range of thematic technical reports. The ISSA provides comprehensive data on various aspects of social security including: an overview of social security systems worldwide; a monitor of social security reforms; summaries of complementary and private pension systems; social security legislation; a comprehensive bibliography; and a thesaurus of social security terminology. Databases are available via the","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"11328709","text":"for core areas of social security administration. In 2012 the ISSA formalized an agreement with the International Labour Organization aimed at reinforcing collaboration in support of the extension and promotion of social security. The historic agreement recognizes the key contribution of social security institutions to the extension of coverage. The Memorandum marked a new chapter in the long-standing strategic partnership between the organizations and reinforced efforts to extend social security worldwide. Social Security Programs Throughout the World is the product of a cooperative effort between ISSA member the US Social Security Administration (SSA) and the International Social Security Association (ISSA).","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"661708","text":"Century created many new social problems, and transformed ideas of how society and the government should function together because of them. As industry expanded, cities grew quickly to keep up with demand for labor. Tenement houses were built quickly and poorly, cramming new migrants from farms and Southern and Eastern European immigrants into tight and unhealthy spaces. Work spaces were even more unsafe. In 1890, Jacob Riis wrote that \"the quick change of economic conditions in the city…often out paces all plans of relief.\" The Social Security Act has been amended significantly over time, but contains ten major titles. Title","title":"Social Security Act"},{"docid":"1720731","text":"not participate in Social Security taxation. (If workers have previously paid appropriate Social Security taxation or an equivalent, their Social Security benefits are reduced by a rule known as the Windfall Elimination Provision; there is also a similar Government Pension Offset for their spouses.) SSA administers the retirement, survivors, and disabled social insurance programs, which can provide monthly benefits to aged or disabled workers, their spouses and children, and to the survivors of insured workers. In 2010, more than 54 million Americans received approximately $712 billion in Social Security benefits. The programs are primarily financed by taxes which employers, employees,","title":"Social Security Administration"},{"docid":"11328710","text":"Social Security Programs Throughout the World highlights the principal features of social security programs in more than 170 countries. One of four regional volumes is issued every six months. \"The three topical priority areas in the current ISSA programme are:\" The ISSA publishes a quarterly journal in the social security field, the International Social Security Review in English, in collaboration with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. The ISSA's periodic series \"Developments and Trends\" and \"Social Policy Highlight\" disseminate new findings on social security policy and practice internationally. It co-publishes the series \"Social Security Programs Throughout the World\", in co-operation with the [ United","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"20742241","text":"Population of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2014\" has been prepared and implemented in order to ensure the implementation of \"State Program on Deinstitutionalization and Alternative Care in the Republic”. The Medical Social Expertise and Rehabilitation Sub-System (TSERAS) was established in the centralized information system of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population by the Decree of the President dated 14 September 2015 \"On the improvement of assessment system of restriction of disability and health care opportunities \". Human Rights in Azerbaijan Children’s rights in Azerbaijan Social security in Azerbaijan The social protection system in Azerbaijan consists","title":"Social security in Azerbaijan"},{"docid":"14555666","text":"Social security in Spain The social security system (Spanish: \"seguridad social\") in Spain is its principal system of social protection. The concept of social security first appeared in Spain in 1883 under the Committee for Social Reform, it was expanded several times during the twentieth century and finally the right to social security was enshrined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 under Article 41 which states \"that the public authorities shall maintain a public social security system for all citizens, guaranteeing sufficient support and social benefits in situations of need, especially in the event of unemployment, and that the support","title":"Social security in Spain"},{"docid":"16468657","text":"of what would happen when people born during the post–World War II baby boom retired. The NCSSR made several recommendations for addressing the issue. Under the 1983 amendments to Social Security, a previously enacted increase in the payroll tax rate was accelerated, additional employees were added to the system, the full-benefit retirement age was slowly increased, and up to one-half of the value of the Social Security benefit was made potentially taxable income. The 1983 Amendments also included a provision to exclude the Social Security Trust Fund from the unified budget (to take it \"off-budget.\") Yet today Social Security is","title":"History of Social Security in the United States"},{"docid":"11328703","text":"will require significant innovation. The constitutional mandate of the ISSA is \"to co-operate, at the international level, in the promotion and development of social security throughout the world (…) in order to advance the social and economic conditions of the population on the basis of social justice.\" The ISSA's aim is to promote Dynamic Social Security as the social dimension in a globalizing world through supporting excellence in social security administration. The ISSA promotes excellence in social security administration through professional guidelines, expert knowledge, services and support to enable its members to develop dynamic social security systems and policy throughout","title":"International Social Security Association"},{"docid":"7725905","text":"Social Security Wage Base For the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) tax or Social Security tax in the United States, the Social Security Wage Base (SSWB) is the maximum earned gross income or upper threshold on which a wage earner's Social Security tax may be imposed. The Social Security tax is one component of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) and Self-employment tax, the other component being the Medicare tax. It is also the maximum amount of covered wages that are taken into account when average earnings are calculated in order to determine a worker's Social Security","title":"Social Security Wage Base"},{"docid":"592463","text":"June 2015, the Associated Press revealed that the US government had given US$20 million to former Nazis in Social Security payments between February 1962 and January 2015. Because Social Security Numbers have become useful in identity theft and other forms of crime, various schemes have been perpetrated to acquire valid Social Security Numbers and related identity information. In February 2006, the Social Security Administration received several reports of an email message being circulated addressed to \"Dear Social Security Number And Card owner\" and purporting to be from the Social Security Administration. The message informs the reader \"that someone illegally is","title":"Social Security (United States)"},{"docid":"18884778","text":"ventures. The social security scheme is contributory, with 2.5% of contributions coming from the employer, 1.5% by the employee, and a capital investment by the government. On 31 August 2012, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw enacted the Social Security Law of 2012, which introduced benefit systems for invalids, the elderly, survivors and unemployed individuals. Social Security Board (Myanmar) The Social Security Board (; abbreviated SSB) administers Myanmar's social security programs, including benefits and contributions. SSB provides social security programs for public employees, including members of the civil service, state boards, state corporations, municipal authorities and military personnel, as well as employees in","title":"Social Security Board (Myanmar)"},{"docid":"13208352","text":"who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for \"an account number\" using \"Form SS-5.\" A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number. Three different types of Social Security cards are issued. The most common type contains the cardholder's name and number. Such cards are issued to U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. There are also two restricted types of Social Security cards: In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence","title":"Social Security number"},{"docid":"13208349","text":"to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license. Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification. Since nearly everyone in the United States now has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed. Since then, Social Security numbers have become \"de facto\" national identification numbers. Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate","title":"Social Security number"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"18363790\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on matters related to the Social Security and Supplemental Security Income programs. In the United States in 1994, when Congress passed legislation establishing SSA as an independent agency, it also created a seven-member bipartisan Board to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on policies related to Social Security’s\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Advisory Board\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592434\",\n \"text\": \"federal government created Social Security, all federal employees, including the president and members of Congress, were exempt from having to pay the Social Security tax, and they received no Social Security benefits. This law was changed by the Social Security Amendments of 1983, which brought within the Social Security system all members of Congress, the president and the vice president, federal judges, and certain executive-level political appointees, as well as all federal employees hired in any capacity on or after January 1, 1984. Many state and local government workers, however, are exempt from Social Security taxes because they contribute instead\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18363791\",\n \"text\": \"old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs. The legislation passed both Houses of Congress without opposition and President Clinton signed the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 into law (P.L. 103-296) on August 15, 1994. The law took effect on March 31, 1995. Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the Commissioner of Social Security on matters\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Advisory Board\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14752156\",\n \"text\": \"earners and low-salaried employees. This he said on January 26, 1948, during his State of the Nation Address. On July 7, 1948, after the death of President Roxas, President Elpidio Quirino created a Social Security Commission, his first official act as president. This commission drafted the Social Security Act that was submitted to Congress. In 1954, Rep. Floro Crisologo, Senators Cipriano Primicias and Manuel Briones introduced bills to the Congress that were eventually enacted as Republic Act 1161, or the Social Security Act of 1954. The law was also called the Social Security Law (SS Law). However, its implementation was\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security System (Philippines)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20479780\",\n \"text\": \"the government of Juan Jose Arevalo. In his efforts to mobilize the social protection infrastructure of Guatemala, the Arevalo administration brought two technocrats in the field of Social Security to help them design the Social Security system. Dr. Walter Dittel of Chile and Oscar Barahona Streber of Costa Rica. The technocrats made a socio-economic evaluation of the labor-capital landscape of the country. After a year of study, and a published report named \\\"Basis of the Social Security System in Guatemala\\\", the Guatemalan legislature created a Social Security Act No. 256 and President Juan Jose Arevalo signed the Institute of Social\",\n \"title\": \"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13208353\",\n \"text\": \"Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the Social Security Number (SSN) Card to prevent forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, Social Security Administration (SSA) and Government Printing Office (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security Number Card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Force created by the Commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security. The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO design teams. Many citizens and privacy advocates are concerned about\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security number\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19324650\",\n \"text\": \"regional director for young people, sport and social cohesion, following nominations by the most representative trade and professional organisations. The president of the social security tribunal also gives his opinion. There are 115 social security tribunals. Social security tribunal In France, the Social security tribunal (in French: tribunal des affaires de la sécurité sociale) rules on disputes between social security funds (caisses de sécurité sociale) and users, for example regarding membership of a fund or the award and payment of benefits. A social security tribunal is made up of a president, who is a judge of the regional court, and\",\n \"title\": \"Social security tribunal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20479786\",\n \"text\": \"the health services provided by the Guatemalan Institute of Social Security is financed in the following way: Guatemalan Institute of Social Security The Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (abbreviated as IGSS, in Spanish) is the branch of the Guatemalan Ministry of Work and Social Provision that provides Hospital and Clinical services; pensions and income protection benefits, and employment counseling for salaried employees in Guatemala. The GISS was created in 1946 under the administration of President Juan Jose Arevalo after the Guatemalan legislature passed Congressional Act 256 that ushered in a series of labor reforms, including the creation of a pension\",\n \"title\": \"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19324649\",\n \"text\": \"Social security tribunal In France, the Social security tribunal (in French: tribunal des affaires de la sécurité sociale) rules on disputes between social security funds (caisses de sécurité sociale) and users, for example regarding membership of a fund or the award and payment of benefits. A social security tribunal is made up of a president, who is a judge of the regional court, and assessors, who are not professional judges, appointed for three years by the first president of the Court of Appeal from a list drawn up for the area within the jurisdiction of the particular tribunal by the\",\n \"title\": \"Social security tribunal\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20479779\",\n \"text\": \"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security The Guatemalan Institute of Social Security (abbreviated as IGSS, in Spanish) is the branch of the Guatemalan Ministry of Work and Social Provision that provides Hospital and Clinical services; pensions and income protection benefits, and employment counseling for salaried employees in Guatemala. The GISS was created in 1946 under the administration of President Juan Jose Arevalo after the Guatemalan legislature passed Congressional Act 256 that ushered in a series of labor reforms, including the creation of a pension system and clinical services for employees. The Institute was a development of the labor reforms instituted by\",\n \"title\": \"Guatemalan Institute of Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4706712\",\n \"text\": \"challenge\\\" that, if not addressed timely, would \\\"present future Congresses with impossible choices – staggering tax increases, immense deficits, or deep cuts in every category of spending\\\". A liberal think tank, The Center for Economic and Policy Research, says that \\\"Social Security is more financially sound today than it has been throughout most of its 69-year history\\\" and that Bush's statement should have no credibility. In 2004 Nobel Laureate economist Paul Krugman, deriding what he called \\\"the hype about a Social Security crisis\\\", wrote: President Ronald Reagan stated in October 1984: \\\"Social Security has nothing to do with the deficit...Social\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security debate in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17678234\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain) The Social Security Reserve Fund was created in 2000 with the aim of investing current social security surpluses to finance future State Pension Scheme shortfalls. It was created as one of the recommendations of the tri-partite Pacto de Toledo of 1995 between government, employers and trade unions. In 2009 the fund amounted to 60 Bn€ and in 2010 assets had increased to 64 Bn€. The establishment of the Social Security Reserve Fund was part of the 1994 Toledo Pact agreement between government, employers and unions. Under the agreement the surpluses of the social security system\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"661717\",\n \"text\": \"this even division on the Court, the holding of the Washington Supreme Court, finding the minimum wage statute constitutional, would stand. As Hughes desired a clear and strong 5–4 affirmation of the Washington Supreme Court judgment, rather than a 4–4 default affirmation, he convinced the other justices to wait until Stone's return before both deciding and announcing the case. Two Supreme Court rulings affirmed the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11850565\",\n \"text\": \"generalized, national social security system similar to that described in Beveridge's plan. The Social Security is financed by payments from both employers and their employees; it is administered and managed by all social partners, typically employee unions and/or companies. The Constitution of the IVth Republic, adopted by referendum in 1946, a constitutional state obligation to provide financial assistance to those deemed most socially vulnerable, most notably women, children, and retired workers. Nonetheless, social security was not entirely universal. The CNR program—the national resistance council—had envisioned universal social security, but the \\\"régime général\\\", or unified social security program, actually created excluded\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in France\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10774905\",\n \"text\": \"Federal Public Service Social Security The FPS Social Security and Public Institutions of Social Security (, , ), more commonly known as the FPS Social Security, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on May 23, 2001, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. The FPS Social Security is responsible for the Belgian system of social security. The FPS Social Security is currently organised into five Directorates-General: In addition, it is also responsible for a large number of public social security institutions, such as the National\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Public Service Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6030343\",\n \"text\": \"improper payments due to errors or processes that could lead to errors. \\\"These websites may require subscription/registration to search or get results\\\" Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Index (SSDI) is a database of death records created from the United States Social Security Administration's Death Master File Extract. Most persons who have died since 1936 who had a Social Security Number (SSN) and whose death has been reported to the Social Security Administration are listed in the SSDI. For most years since 1973, the SSDI includes 93 percent to 96 percent of deaths of individuals aged 65 or\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Death Index\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6030337\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Death Index The Social Security Death Index (SSDI) is a database of death records created from the United States Social Security Administration's Death Master File Extract. Most persons who have died since 1936 who had a Social Security Number (SSN) and whose death has been reported to the Social Security Administration are listed in the SSDI. For most years since 1973, the SSDI includes 93 percent to 96 percent of deaths of individuals aged 65 or older. It is frequently updated; the version of June 22, 2011 contained 89,835,920 records. Unlike the Death Master File, the SSDI is\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Death Index\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11850578\",\n \"text\": \"September 2016 that the Social Security budget would be balanced in 2017 for the first time in 16 years. In addition to the three main regimes there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system and which refused to be merged into the general system when it was created. The main special regimes are; On the funding of Social Security Social security in France Social security in France is divided into four branches: illness; old age/retirement; family; work accident and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view, French social security is made up\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in France\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17862351\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Treasury Venezuela Social security is a human and social fundamental and inalienable right guaranteed by the State to all Venezuelans residing in the territory of the Republic, and all foreigners legally impeached on it, regardless of ability to pay, provided social, work activity, through development, wages, earnings and income, according to the principle of progressivity and the terms of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, as well as the different national laws, treaties, agreements and conventions signed and ratified by the Republic. The Social Security Treasury Venezuela is created with the appointment of the Treasurer of the Social Security\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Treasury Venezuela\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17862348\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Treasury Venezuela Social security is a human and social fundamental and inalienable right guaranteed by the State to all Venezuelans residing in the territory of the Republic, and all foreigners legally impeached on it, regardless of ability to pay, provided social, work activity, through development, wages, earnings and income, according to the principle of progressivity and the terms of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, as well as the different national laws, treaties, agreements and conventions signed and ratified by the Republic. The Social Security Treasury Venezuela is created with the appointment of the Treasurer of the Social Security\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Treasury Venezuela\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10774906\",\n \"text\": \"Office for Social Security, the National Institute for the Social Security of the Self-employed, the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, the National Office for Pensions and the National Employment Office. Federal Public Service Social Security The FPS Social Security and Public Institutions of Social Security (, , ), more commonly known as the FPS Social Security, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on May 23, 2001, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. The FPS Social Security is responsible for the Belgian system\",\n \"title\": \"Federal Public Service Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328700\",\n \"text\": \"International Social Security Association The International Social Security Association (ISSA) is an international organization bringing together national social security administrations and agencies. Founded in 1927, the ISSA has more than 330 member organizations in 158 countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the International Labour Office (ILO). The ISSA President, elected in 2016, is Joachim Breuer (Germany) and the Secretary General since 2005 is Hans-Horst Konkolewsky (Denmark). The recognition of social security as a basic human right is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The development of social security programmes is considered to be one\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19795523\",\n \"text\": \"Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security The Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (Spanish: \\\"Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS)\\\"), is an autonomous entity that is part of the social security system of Ecuador and is responsible for implementing the mandatory universal insurance, according to the Constitution of the Republic, in force since 2008. The Constitution states that social security is an inalienable right of all people. Social security is governed by the principles of solidarity, obligation, universality, equity, efficiency, subsidiarity, adequacy, transparency and participation. In 1937, with the Law on Mandatory Social Security Insurance Fund of Private Employees and Workers is created\",\n \"title\": \"Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19924190\",\n \"text\": \"Honduran Social Security Institute The Honduran Social Security Institute (Instituto Hondureño de Seguro Social or IHSS in Spanish) is a Honduran program that provides pensions and healthcare coverage. It was inaugurated in 1959 when the \\\"Social Security Law of Honduras\\\" was approved during the constitutional presidency of Ramón Villeda Morales. Honduran Institute assistance centers were created and formal operations began on March 1, 1962. During the administration of Porfirio Lobo, Mario Zelaya was appointed as director of the Honduran Institute of Social Security. Mario Zelaya, took advantage of his position and the finances he handled to allegedly embezzle the institution\",\n \"title\": \"Honduran Social Security Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17862349\",\n \"text\": \"System by the late President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, to ensure this fundamental right. It is an autonomous institution with legal personality and its own, distinct and independent of the National Treasury, and is under the Ministry of Popular Power for social work process. The Treasury of Social Security has the purpose of raising financial funds Social Security System, in order to ensure the quasi-fiscal support and the operation and management of the Information System of Social Security for registration, affiliation and identification people, subject to the scope of the Organic Law of Social Security System.\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Treasury Venezuela\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14752155\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security System (Philippines) The Philippine Social Security System (SSS; ) is a state-run, social insurance program in the Philippines to workers in the private, professional, and informal sectors. SSS is established by virtue of Republic Act No.1161, better known as Social Security Act of 1954. This law was later amended by Republic Act No. 8282 in 1997. Government employees, meanwhile, are covered under a separate state-pension fund managed by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS). It was former President Manuel A. Roxas who first proposed a bill in Congress, seeking the establishment of a social security system for wage\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security System (Philippines)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592433\",\n \"text\": \"if the claimant is found disabled and found to be \\\"holding out\\\"; this claimant will be entitled of reduced or no SSI benefits. However, the Social Security Act does not accept that a claimant \\\"holding out as husband or wife\\\" should be entitled of Survivor, Retirement or Widows benefits, when the claimant's \\\"husband or wife\\\" dies. SSA rules and regulations about marital status either prohibit (SRDI program) or reduce (SSI program) benefits to indigent claimants. Critics of Social Security have said that the politicians who created Social Security exempted themselves from having to pay the Social Security tax. When the\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592453\",\n \"text\": \"that the Social Security system be modified to provide for the option of individual accounts (in effect, to make the system, at least in part, more like a defined contribution pension plan). Specifically, on February 2, 2005, President George W. Bush made Social Security a prominent theme of his State of the Union Address. He described the Social Security system as \\\"headed for bankruptcy\\\", and outlined, in general terms, a proposal based on partial privatization. Critics responded that privatization would require huge new government borrowing to fund benefit payments during the transition years. See Social Security debate (United States). Both\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328713\",\n \"text\": \"with objectives compatible with those of ISSA but not qualified to become affiliate members. International Social Security Association The International Social Security Association (ISSA) is an international organization bringing together national social security administrations and agencies. Founded in 1927, the ISSA has more than 330 member organizations in 158 countries. It has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the International Labour Office (ILO). The ISSA President, elected in 2016, is Joachim Breuer (Germany) and the Secretary General since 2005 is Hans-Horst Konkolewsky (Denmark). The recognition of social security as a basic human right is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1527187\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security system is primarily a pay-as-you-go system, meaning that payments to current retirees come from current payments into the system. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter and the 95th Congress increased the FICA tax to fund Social Security, phased in gradually into the 1980s. In the early 1980s, financial projections of the Social Security Administration indicated near-term revenue from payroll taxes would not be sufficient to fully fund near-term benefits (thus raising the possibility of benefit cuts). The federal government appointed the National Commission on Social Security Reform, headed by Alan Greenspan (who had not yet been named Chairman of\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Trust Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17678236\",\n \"text\": \"und EU rules. In 2014 it is expected to withdraw another 11 Bn, Having reached 66 Bn euros in 2010 it fell to 59 Bn in 2012 and will end 2013 with 53 Bn eur. Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain) The Social Security Reserve Fund was created in 2000 with the aim of investing current social security surpluses to finance future State Pension Scheme shortfalls. It was created as one of the recommendations of the tri-partite Pacto de Toledo of 1995 between government, employers and trade unions. In 2009 the fund amounted to 60 Bn€ and in 2010 assets had\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Reserve Fund (Spain)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592387\",\n \"text\": \"a minority of government employees enrolled in public employee pensions and not subject to Social Security taxes due to historical exemptions. It is possible for railroad employees to get a \\\"coordinated\\\" retirement and disability benefits. The U.S. Railroad Retirement Board (or \\\"RRB\\\") is an independent agency in the executive branch of the United States government created in 1935 to administer a social insurance program providing retirement benefits to the country's railroad workers. Railroad retirement Tier I payroll taxes are coordinated with social security taxes so that employees and employers pay Tier I taxes at the same rate as social security\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6036252\",\n \"text\": \"Mexican Social Security Institute The Mexican Social Security Institute (, IMSS) is a governmental organization that assists public health, pensions and social security in Mexico operating under Secretaría de Salud (Secretariat of Health). The IMSS was founded by President Manuel Ávila Camacho on January 19, 1943, in order to satisfy the legal precepts established in the Article 123 of the Constitution. It is constituted by representations of the Workers, Employers and the Federal government. It is the largest social institution in Latin America. For some time, however, there have been festering signs of trouble in IMSS, not the least being\",\n \"title\": \"Mexican Social Security Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20742234\",\n \"text\": \"assistance to persons with different categories. The state social protection system in Azerbaijan consists of two main parts: 1) social insurance; and 2) social security. The State Social Protection Fund implements social security programs, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population carries out social protection programs. The changes in the social protection system started with the realization of the \\\"Concept of Pension Reform in the Republic of Azerbaijan\\\" approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated July 17, 2001. Law of Azerbaijan “On individual accounts in the system of the state\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592442\",\n \"text\": \"other issues, Robert E. Wright calls Social Security a \\\"quasi\\\" pyramid scheme in his book, \\\"Fubarnomics\\\". In 2004, Urban Institute economists C. Eugene Steuerle and Adam Carasso created a Web-based Social Security benefits calculator. Using this calculator it is possible to estimate net Social Security benefits (i.e., estimated lifetime benefits minus estimated lifetime FICA taxes paid) for different types of recipients. In the book \\\"Democrats and Republicans – Rhetoric and Reality\\\" Joseph Fried used the calculator to create graphical depictions of the estimated net benefits of men and women who were at different wage levels, single and married (with stay-at-home\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11850564\",\n \"text\": \"1944, in the Vichy government. As a result, historian Fred Kupferman has called Laval \\\"the father of social security\\\" in France. During the Second World War, the National Council of the French Resistance adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the U.K., the first report of British economist William Beveridge outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the \\\"ordonnances\\\" of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in France\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720721\",\n \"text\": \"2017 through November 17, 2017. SSA is headquartered in Woodlawn, Maryland, just to the west of Baltimore, at what is known as Central Office. The agency includes 10 regional offices, 8 processing centers, approximately 1300 field offices, and 37 Teleservice Centers. , about 60,000 people were employed by SSA. Headquarters non-supervisory employees of SSA are represented by American Federation of Government Employees Local 1923. Social Security is the largest social welfare program in the United States. For 2014, the net cost of Social Security was $906.4 billion, an amount corresponding to 21% of US Federal Government expenditures. It has been\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15873189\",\n \"text\": \"The recommendations given became the basis of what was to be incorporated in the Social Security Act. Savage gave a broadcast to the nation on 2 April 1938 outlining the Labour governments intentions and details of the proposed bill. He outlined the details of a comprehensive scheme of social security to provide \\\"a condition of social security unsurpassed in any other country in the world\\\". He stressed that the scheme had been carefully costed and was easily affordable to allay fears of tear away government spending. The details specified the following: The scheme was to be funded by raising the\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Act 1938\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592400\",\n \"text\": \"salary. Congress passed in 1983 the Windfall Elimination Provision to minimize Social Security benefits for these recipients. The basic provision is that the first salary bracket, $0–791/month (2013) has its normal benefit percentage of 90% reduced to 40–90%—see Social Security for the exact percentage. The reduction is limited to roughly 50% of what you would be eligible for if you had always worked under OASDI taxes. The 90% benefit percentage factor is not reduced if you have 30 or more years of \\\"substantial\\\" earnings. The average Social Security payment of $1,230/month ($14,760/year) in 2013 is only slightly above the federal\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17213413\",\n \"text\": \"for unorganised workers. As a follow up to the implementation of the Act, the National Social Security Board was set up on 18 August 2009. Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide for the social security and welfare of the unorganised workers(meaning home-based workers, self-employed workers or daily-wage workers). This act received the assent of the President of India on 30 December 2008. The act provides for the constitution of National Social Security Board at the Central level which shall recommend formulation of social\",\n \"title\": \"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17213412\",\n \"text\": \"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to provide for the social security and welfare of the unorganised workers(meaning home-based workers, self-employed workers or daily-wage workers). This act received the assent of the President of India on 30 December 2008. The act provides for the constitution of National Social Security Board at the Central level which shall recommend formulation of social security schemes viz life and disability cover, health and maternity benefits, old age protection and any other benefit as may be determined by the Government\",\n \"title\": \"Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act 2008\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1527188\",\n \"text\": \"the Federal Reserve), to investigate what additional changes to federal law were necessary to shore up the fiscal health of the Social Security program. The Greenspan Commission projected that the system would be solvent for the entirety of its 75-year forecast period with certain recommendations. The changes to federal law enacted in 1983 and signed by President Reagan and pursuant to the recommendations of the Greenspan Commission advanced the time frame for previously scheduled payroll tax increases (though it raised slightly the payroll tax for the self-employed to equal the employer-employee rate), changed certain benefit calculations, and raised the retirement\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Trust Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"317197\",\n \"text\": \"bilateral or multilateral social security agreements between countries. These agreements guarantee the totalization of periods of contribution to the social security systems of both countries and the extraterritorial payment of benefits. Currently it is estimated that approximately 23 per cent of migrants worldwide are covered by bilateral social security agreements. Portability (social security) The portability of social security benefits is the ability of workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights and social security rights in the process of being acquired from one private, occupational, or public social security scheme to another. Social security rights refer to rights\",\n \"title\": \"Portability (social security)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"375321\",\n \"text\": \"Elsewhere the term is used in a much broader sense, referring to the economic security society offers when people are faced with certain risks. In its 1952 Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention (nr. 102), the International Labour Organization (ILO) defined the traditional contingencies covered by social security as including: People who cannot reach a guaranteed social minimum for other reasons may be eligible for \\\"social assistance\\\" (or welfare, in American English). Modern authors often consider the ILO approach too narrow. In their view, social security is not limited to the provision of cash transfers, but also aims at security of\",\n \"title\": \"Social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1281042\",\n \"text\": \"the Social Security Administration. Thus, SSI was created to eliminate the differences between the states including different disability standards and income and resources requirements, which many perceived as irrational or unfair. President Nixon signed the Social Security Amendments of 1972 on October 30, 1972 which created the SSI Program. The SSI program officially began operations in January 1974 by federalizing states' programs, designating the Social Security Administration (SSA) to administer the SSI program. SSA was selected because it had been administering a nationwide adult disability program under the Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB) program since 1956 for workers who\",\n \"title\": \"Supplemental Security Income\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12005787\",\n \"text\": \"the Social Security Administration (Fraud) Act (1997 ch. 47), the Social Security Act (1998 ch. 14), the Social Security Fraud Act (2001 ch.11), and the Welfare Reform Act (2007 ch.5). Although the base legislation is contained within the acts, most of the actual rules and regulations come within a plethora of Statutory Instruments. The best place to view these is via (National Archives), a UK Governmental website. The main offences created by the act (and subsequent amendments) are : Section 111A is an either way offence, the others are summary only. Where cases of benefit fraud result in criminal prosecution\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration Act 1992\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7740214\",\n \"text\": \"own medical examiners. Prior to the codified rule, federal courts had imposed a similar rule through a \\\"common law\\\", but it was inconsistent. On January 18, 2017, the security administration published final rules titled \\\"Revisions to Rules Regarding the Evaluation of Medical Evidence\\\" regarding the \\\"treating physician rule\\\". These new rules regarding the assessment of medical opinions in a social security disability case apply to cases filed after March 27, 2017. While these new rules expand the definition of what social security considers to be an \\\"acceptable medical source\\\" for disability claim medical opinions to include nurse practitioners, physician assistants,\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Disability Insurance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"375318\",\n \"text\": \"Social security Social security is \\\"any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.\\\" In the United States, this is usually called welfare or a social safety net, especially when talking about Canada and European countries. Social security is asserted in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable\",\n \"title\": \"Social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720724\",\n \"text\": \"the first regular ongoing monthly benefits began. In 1946, the SSB was renamed the Social Security Administration under President Harry S. Truman's Reorganization Plan. In 1953, the Federal Security Agency was abolished and SSA was placed under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which became the Department of Health and Human Services in 1980. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed into law returning SSA to the status of an independent agency in the executive branch of government. In 1972, Cost of Living Adjustments (COLAs) were introduced into SSA programs to deal with the effects of inflation on fixed incomes.\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20775454\",\n \"text\": \"People: The position was first created as a junior ministerial role, the Minister for Social Security in May 2016, to reflect the increased powers of the Scottish Government over Social Security as a result of the Scotland Act 2016. The Minister for Social Security did not attend cabinet meetings, instead being represented by the Cabinet Secretary for Communities, Social Security and Equalities, Angela Constance MSP. In June 2018 the position was raised to Cabinet Secretary level. Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People The Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People is a position in the Scottish Government\",\n \"title\": \"Cabinet Secretary for Social Security and Older People\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15656337\",\n \"text\": \"hierarchy is as follows: The General Directorate of Social Security Policy is charged with unifying Bolivia's retirement and social security systems into a single unified system. Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security The Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security () is a Bolivian government ministry which oversees labor relations, pensions and social security programs. Since 2 June 2011, it has been headed by Minister Daniel Santalla Torres, a politician and former factory union leader. He succeeded Félix Rojas in the position. The Ministry was founded by the government of Germán Busch during his first brief appearance as president.\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Work, Employment, and Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"317195\",\n \"text\": \"Portability (social security) The portability of social security benefits is the ability of workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights and social security rights in the process of being acquired from one private, occupational, or public social security scheme to another. Social security rights refer to rights stemming from pension schemes (old age, survivor, disability), unemployment insurance, health insurance, workers' compensation, and sickness benefits. Hence, if social security benefits are portable, contributors to, for example, old-age pension schemes do not experience any disadvantage such as the loss of contributions and benefits associated with these contributions when moving\",\n \"title\": \"Portability (social security)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20686841\",\n \"text\": \"the first Scotland-wide social security agency in the nation's history. The Scottish Government recognises social security as a human right. Social Security Scotland is expected to be responsible for the provision of 10 social security payments which includes 3 additional social security payments of specific welfare areas by 2021. They are being implemented on a rolling basis to ensure continuity and a smooth transition. When fully implemented, these payments will include: Social Security Scotland will operate from two large bases in Dundee and Glasgow, alongside operations at a local level. Many aspects of social security will remain reserved to the\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20686840\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Scotland Social Security Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: \\\"Tèarainteachd Shòisealta Alba\\\") is the executive agency of the Scottish Government with responsibility for social security provision. When the devolved Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, social security provisions remained a reserved matter for the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the 2014 independence referendum, the Smith Commission recommended devolution of some welfare powers. Subsequently, the Scotland Act 2016 was passed, devolving certain areas of social security policy to the Scottish Parliament. Social Security Scotland was established as a result of the Scottish Parliament passing the Social Security (Scotland) Act in April 2018, becoming\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13208342\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security number In the United States, a Social Security number (SSN) is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the Social Security Act, codified as . The number is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration, an independent agency of the United States government. Although its primary purpose is to track individuals for Social Security purposes, the Social Security number has become a \\\"de facto\\\" national identification number for taxation and other purposes. A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Form SS-5, application for\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security number\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11737854\",\n \"text\": \"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) of the Government of the People's Republic of China is a ministry under the State Council which is responsible for national labor policies, standards, regulations and managing the national social security. This includes labor force management, labor relationship readjustment, social insurance management and legal construction of labor. The State Bureau of Civil Servants reports to the new ministry. The ministry is created from the former Ministry of Personnel and Ministry of Labour and Social Security. This was announced at the 2008 National People's Congress. Since\",\n \"title\": \"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18265360\",\n \"text\": \"year 2015 President Obama’s Budget includes “a proposal to develop automated data exchanges for states and localities.” And this information will be used to reduce “improper (WEP or GPO) payments .“ Our president is untruthful. http://www.ssa.gov/budget/FY15Files/2015FCJ.pdf California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013 The California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013 is also known as California Senate Bill 896 is a California law that repeals the government pension offset and windfall elimination provisions of the United States Social Security Act. Obama campaigned to repeal the unfair Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and Government Pension Offset (GPO) - laws which have stripped\",\n \"title\": \"California Social Security Fairness Act of 2013\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"375332\",\n \"text\": \"as symptoms of social injustice and structural inequality and see social protection as a right of citizenship. Targeted welfare is a necessary step between humanitarianism and the ideal of a \\\"guaranteed minimum income\\\" where entitlement extends beyond cash or food transfers and is based on citizenship, not philanthropy. Social security Social security is \\\"any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.\\\" In the United States, this is usually called welfare or a social safety net, especially when talking about Canada and European countries. Social security is asserted in Article 22 of the Universal\",\n \"title\": \"Social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20686842\",\n \"text\": \"United Kingdom Parliament, and will continue to be administered through the Department for Work and Pensions. These include: Social Security Scotland Social Security Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: \\\"Tèarainteachd Shòisealta Alba\\\") is the executive agency of the Scottish Government with responsibility for social security provision. When the devolved Scottish Parliament was established in 1999, social security provisions remained a reserved matter for the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the 2014 independence referendum, the Smith Commission recommended devolution of some welfare powers. Subsequently, the Scotland Act 2016 was passed, devolving certain areas of social security policy to the Scottish Parliament. Social Security Scotland was\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720720\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Administration The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits, most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings; the claimant's benefits are based on the wage earner's contributions. Otherwise benefits such as Supplemental Security Income (SSI) are given based on need. The Social Security Administration was established by a law codified at . Its current leader, Deputy Commissioner of Operations Nancy Berryhill, was acting commissioner from January 19,\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13208343\",\n \"text\": \"A Social Security Number Card. Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in November 1935 as part of the New Deal Social Security program. Within three months, 25 million numbers were issued. On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated \\\"typing centers\\\" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security number\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15191630\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Organization Social Security Organization (SSO) is a social insurer organization in Iran which provides coverage of wage-earners and salaried workers as well as voluntary coverage of self-employed persons. In 1975, the Social Security Law was approved and the SSO was established. Iran did not legislate in favor of a universal social protection, but in 1996, the Center of the Statistics of Iran estimated that more than 73% of the Iranian population was covered by social security. Membership in the social security system is compulsory for all employees. SSO is a non-governmental organization and it is solely financed by\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Organization\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"375322\",\n \"text\": \"work, health, and social participation; and new social risks (single parenthood, the reconciliation of work and family life) should be included in the list as well. Social security may refer to: A report published by the ILO in 2014 estimated that only 27% of the world's population has access to comprehensive social security. While several of the provisions to which the concept refers have a long history (especially in poor relief), the notion of \\\"social security\\\" itself is a fairly recent one. The earliest examples of use date from the 19th century. In a speech to mark the independence of\",\n \"title\": \"Social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20742235\",\n \"text\": \"social insurance” was approved by president on 27 November 2001. And this law gave authority to State Social Protection Fund for carrying out individual accounting in the state social insurance system. In 2016, the expenditures of State Social Protection Fund amounted AZN 3 078.6 million, of which AZN 1,100 million was transferred from the state budget, and in 2014, these indicators were AZN 2 928.5 million and AZN 1,142 accordingly. According to the 2017 budget draft, totally 2117.7 million manat was allocated to social security, targeted social assistance and social insurance. Expenditures and revenues of the State Social Protection Fund\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592444\",\n \"text\": \"and retiring in 2045 is estimated to lose over $200,000 by participating in the Social Security system. In the next graph (Figure 165) the depicted net benefits are averaged for people turning age 65 anytime during the years 2005 through 2045. (In other words, the disparities shown are not related to retirement.) However, we do see the impact of gender and wage level. Because women tend to live longer, they generally collect Social Security benefits for a longer time. As a result, they get a higher net benefit, on average, no matter what the wage level. The next image (Figure\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592437\",\n \"text\": \"today.\\\" According to the Social Security website, \\\"The tax rate in the original 1935 law was 1% each on the employer and the employee, on the first $3,000 of earnings. This rate was increased on a regular schedule in four steps so that by 1949 the rate would be 3% each on the first $3,000. The figure was never $1,400, and the rate was never fixed for all time at 1%.\\\" Critics of Social Security claim that it gives a low rate of return, compared to what is obtained through private retirement accounts. For example, critics point out that under\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592358\",\n \"text\": \"62 retirees can only draw 75% of what they would draw at full retirement age with higher percentages at different ages more than 62 and less than full retirement age. Similar computations based on career average adjusted earnings and age of recipient determine disability and survivor benefits. Federal, state and local employees who have elected (when they could) NOT to pay FICA taxes are eligible for a reduced FICA benefits and full Medicare coverage if they have more than forty quarters of qualifying Social Security covered work. To minimize the Social Security payments to those who have not contributed to\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1527200\",\n \"text\": \"are expected to exhaust the fund by 2034. Thereafter, since Social Security is only authorized to pay beneficiaries what it collects in payroll taxes dedicated to the program, program payouts will fall by an estimated 21%. The trust fund is expected to peak in 2021 at approximately $3.0 trillion. If the parts of the budget outside of Social Security are in deficit, which the Congressional Budget Office and multiple budget expert panels assume for the foreseeable future, there are several implications: On the other hand, if other parts of the budget are in surplus and program recipients can be paid\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Trust Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1527183\",\n \"text\": \"is used to cover program deficits in a given year, the Trust Fund balance is reduced. By 2034, the Trust Fund is expected to be exhausted. Thereafter, payroll taxes are projected to only cover approximately 79% of program obligations. There have been various proposals to address this shortfall, including reducing government expenditures, such as by raising the retirement age; tax increases; and borrowing. The \\\"Social Security Trust Fund\\\" comprises two separate funds that hold federal government debt obligations related to what are traditionally thought of as Social Security benefits. The larger of these funds is the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Trust Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4706711\",\n \"text\": \"organizations that considered it a crucial issue, such as the Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute, continued to lobby for some form of Social Security privatization. The liberal position is typically anti-privatization. Those who have taken an anti-privatization position argue several points (among others), including: Advocates of major change in the system generally argue that drastic action is necessary because Social Security is facing a crisis. In his 2005 State of the Union speech, President Bush indicated that Social Security was facing \\\"bankruptcy\\\". In his 2006 State of the Union speech, he described entitlement reform (including Social Security) as a \\\"national\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security debate in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720741\",\n \"text\": \"the previous year, based on applications for Social Security cards. The report includes the 1,000 most common names for both genders. The Popular Baby Names page on the SSA website provides the complete list and allows searches for past years and particular names. Social Security Administration The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits. To qualify for most of these benefits, most workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings; the claimant's benefits are based on the\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1527191\",\n \"text\": \"the program revenues. During 2016, the initial balance as of January 1 was $2,780 billion. An additional $710 billion in payroll tax revenue and $87 billion in interest added to the Fund during 2016, while expenses of $776 billion were removed from the Fund, for a December 31, 2016 balance of $2,801 billion (i.e., $2,780 + $710 + $87 - $776 = $2,801). On February 2, 2005, President George W. Bush made Social Security a prominent theme of his State of the Union Address. One consequence was increased public attention to the nature of the Social Security Trust Fund. Unlike\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Trust Fund\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"317196\",\n \"text\": \"from one job to another, from one occupation to another, or from the public to the private sector or vice versa. International portability of social security rights allows international migrants, who have contributed to a social security scheme for some time in a particular country, to maintain acquired benefits or benefits in the process of being acquired when moving to another country. International portability of social security benefits is therefore understood as the migrant's ability to preserve, maintain, and transfer acquired social security rights independent of nationality and country of residence. International portability of social security benefits is achieved through\",\n \"title\": \"Portability (social security)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720729\",\n \"text\": \"participate in Medicare. Most state and local government workers were eventually brought into the Social Security system under \\\"Section 218 Agreements\\\". The original 218 interstate instrumentalities were signed in the 1950s, and all states have a Section 218 agreement with the federal government's Social Security Administration. The Social Security Handbook defines an \\\"interstate instrumentality\\\". The provisions of Section 218 of the Social Security Act and the instrumentalities agreement and subsequent modifications determine Social Security and Medicare benefits or Medicare-only coverage for state and local government employees enrolled in state and local government retirement systems. All state and local government employees\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11265940\",\n \"text\": \"National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare The National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare (NCPSSM) is a United States advocacy group whose goal is to protect Social Security and Medicare. NCPSSM works to preserve entitlement programs through direct mail campaigns, candidate endorsements, incumbent ratings, grassroots activity, issue advertising, and campaign contributions. NCPSSM promotes tax increases as a way to address what it describes as modest long-term issues with Social Security's solvency. The organization opposes Social Security privatization and supports prescription drug benefits in Medicare. Through its political action committee, the organization donates money to support Democratic candidates\",\n \"title\": \"National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15143792\",\n \"text\": \"the Committee highlighted the right to social security as an area where women are frequently subject of discrimination. Globally the access to social security is low and 80 percent of the global population have no access to any formal social security protection. Right to social security The right to social security is recognized as a human right and establishes the right to social security assistance for those unable to work due to sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment or old age. Social security systems provided for by states consist of social insurance programs, which provide \\\"earned benefits\\\" for workers and\",\n \"title\": \"Right to social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16780314\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 The Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984 was signed into law by then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan on 9 October 1984. Its purpose was to ensure more accurate, consistent and uniform disability determination decisions under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, and to ensure that applicants were treated fairly and humanely. It has been described as \\\"one of the key pieces of social welfare legislation\\\" enacted toward the end of Reagan's first term in office. In 1981, Reagan ordered the Social Security Administration (SSA) to tighten up enforcement of the\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16504085\",\n \"text\": \"Total Social Security Accounts The Total Social Security Accounts are a synthesis statistic. They are compiled from numerous statistical sources (profit and loss accounts of social insurances, the Public Finance Statistics [EFS], the Swiss Social Insurance Statistics [SVS], etc.) and provide information on expenditures and their financing in the field of social security. On the expenditure side, the Total Social Security Accounts focus on social benefits and on the revenue side on employers' social security contributions, individual compulsory health insurance premiums, public funding and investment income. Figuratively speaking, the Total Social Security Accounts consist of a sub-structure and a superstructure,\",\n \"title\": \"Total Social Security Accounts\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15143782\",\n \"text\": \"Right to social security The right to social security is recognized as a human right and establishes the right to social security assistance for those unable to work due to sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment or old age. Social security systems provided for by states consist of social insurance programs, which provide \\\"earned benefits\\\" for workers and their families by employment contributions, and/or social assistance programs which provide \\\"non-contributory benefits\\\" designed to provide minimum levels of social security to persons unable to access social insurance. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognises the right to social security in articles\",\n \"title\": \"Right to social security\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18884777\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Board (Myanmar) The Social Security Board (; abbreviated SSB) administers Myanmar's social security programs, including benefits and contributions. SSB provides social security programs for public employees, including members of the civil service, state boards, state corporations, municipal authorities and military personnel, as well as employees in limited private sector industries, including commerce, railways, ports, mines and oilfields. The board operates three hospitals and 92 social security clinics. SSB was established under the Social Security Act of 1954, which implemented a social security scheme covering employees working for firms employing over 5 employees, including state-owned, private, foreign and joint\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Board (Myanmar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328711\",\n \"text\": \"States Social Security Administration]]] In partnership with the OECD and the International Organisation of Pension Supervisors (IOPS), the ISSA produces \\\"Complementary and Private Pensions Throughout the World\\\". The ISSA also issues an electronic newsletter; social security policy briefs; analytical reports on specific topics; and a range of thematic technical reports. The ISSA provides comprehensive data on various aspects of social security including: an overview of social security systems worldwide; a monitor of social security reforms; summaries of complementary and private pension systems; social security legislation; a comprehensive bibliography; and a thesaurus of social security terminology. Databases are available via the\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328709\",\n \"text\": \"for core areas of social security administration. In 2012 the ISSA formalized an agreement with the International Labour Organization aimed at reinforcing collaboration in support of the extension and promotion of social security. The historic agreement recognizes the key contribution of social security institutions to the extension of coverage. The Memorandum marked a new chapter in the long-standing strategic partnership between the organizations and reinforced efforts to extend social security worldwide. Social Security Programs Throughout the World is the product of a cooperative effort between ISSA member the US Social Security Administration (SSA) and the International Social Security Association (ISSA).\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"661708\",\n \"text\": \"Century created many new social problems, and transformed ideas of how society and the government should function together because of them. As industry expanded, cities grew quickly to keep up with demand for labor. Tenement houses were built quickly and poorly, cramming new migrants from farms and Southern and Eastern European immigrants into tight and unhealthy spaces. Work spaces were even more unsafe. In 1890, Jacob Riis wrote that \\\"the quick change of economic conditions in the city…often out paces all plans of relief.\\\" The Social Security Act has been amended significantly over time, but contains ten major titles. Title\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Act\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1720731\",\n \"text\": \"not participate in Social Security taxation. (If workers have previously paid appropriate Social Security taxation or an equivalent, their Social Security benefits are reduced by a rule known as the Windfall Elimination Provision; there is also a similar Government Pension Offset for their spouses.) SSA administers the retirement, survivors, and disabled social insurance programs, which can provide monthly benefits to aged or disabled workers, their spouses and children, and to the survivors of insured workers. In 2010, more than 54 million Americans received approximately $712 billion in Social Security benefits. The programs are primarily financed by taxes which employers, employees,\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Administration\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328710\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Programs Throughout the World highlights the principal features of social security programs in more than 170 countries. One of four regional volumes is issued every six months. \\\"The three topical priority areas in the current ISSA programme are:\\\" The ISSA publishes a quarterly journal in the social security field, the International Social Security Review in English, in collaboration with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. The ISSA's periodic series \\\"Developments and Trends\\\" and \\\"Social Policy Highlight\\\" disseminate new findings on social security policy and practice internationally. It co-publishes the series \\\"Social Security Programs Throughout the World\\\", in co-operation with the [ United\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20742241\",\n \"text\": \"Population of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 2014\\\" has been prepared and implemented in order to ensure the implementation of \\\"State Program on Deinstitutionalization and Alternative Care in the Republic”. The Medical Social Expertise and Rehabilitation Sub-System (TSERAS) was established in the centralized information system of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Population by the Decree of the President dated 14 September 2015 \\\"On the improvement of assessment system of restriction of disability and health care opportunities \\\". Human Rights in Azerbaijan Children’s rights in Azerbaijan Social security in Azerbaijan The social protection system in Azerbaijan consists\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in Azerbaijan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14555666\",\n \"text\": \"Social security in Spain The social security system (Spanish: \\\"seguridad social\\\") in Spain is its principal system of social protection. The concept of social security first appeared in Spain in 1883 under the Committee for Social Reform, it was expanded several times during the twentieth century and finally the right to social security was enshrined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 under Article 41 which states \\\"that the public authorities shall maintain a public social security system for all citizens, guaranteeing sufficient support and social benefits in situations of need, especially in the event of unemployment, and that the support\",\n \"title\": \"Social security in Spain\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16468657\",\n \"text\": \"of what would happen when people born during the post–World War II baby boom retired. The NCSSR made several recommendations for addressing the issue. Under the 1983 amendments to Social Security, a previously enacted increase in the payroll tax rate was accelerated, additional employees were added to the system, the full-benefit retirement age was slowly increased, and up to one-half of the value of the Social Security benefit was made potentially taxable income. The 1983 Amendments also included a provision to exclude the Social Security Trust Fund from the unified budget (to take it \\\"off-budget.\\\") Yet today Social Security is\",\n \"title\": \"History of Social Security in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11328703\",\n \"text\": \"will require significant innovation. The constitutional mandate of the ISSA is \\\"to co-operate, at the international level, in the promotion and development of social security throughout the world (…) in order to advance the social and economic conditions of the population on the basis of social justice.\\\" The ISSA's aim is to promote Dynamic Social Security as the social dimension in a globalizing world through supporting excellence in social security administration. The ISSA promotes excellence in social security administration through professional guidelines, expert knowledge, services and support to enable its members to develop dynamic social security systems and policy throughout\",\n \"title\": \"International Social Security Association\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7725905\",\n \"text\": \"Social Security Wage Base For the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) tax or Social Security tax in the United States, the Social Security Wage Base (SSWB) is the maximum earned gross income or upper threshold on which a wage earner's Social Security tax may be imposed. The Social Security tax is one component of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) and Self-employment tax, the other component being the Medicare tax. It is also the maximum amount of covered wages that are taken into account when average earnings are calculated in order to determine a worker's Social Security\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Wage Base\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"592463\",\n \"text\": \"June 2015, the Associated Press revealed that the US government had given US$20 million to former Nazis in Social Security payments between February 1962 and January 2015. Because Social Security Numbers have become useful in identity theft and other forms of crime, various schemes have been perpetrated to acquire valid Social Security Numbers and related identity information. In February 2006, the Social Security Administration received several reports of an email message being circulated addressed to \\\"Dear Social Security Number And Card owner\\\" and purporting to be from the Social Security Administration. The message informs the reader \\\"that someone illegally is\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security (United States)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18884778\",\n \"text\": \"ventures. The social security scheme is contributory, with 2.5% of contributions coming from the employer, 1.5% by the employee, and a capital investment by the government. On 31 August 2012, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw enacted the Social Security Law of 2012, which introduced benefit systems for invalids, the elderly, survivors and unemployed individuals. Social Security Board (Myanmar) The Social Security Board (; abbreviated SSB) administers Myanmar's social security programs, including benefits and contributions. SSB provides social security programs for public employees, including members of the civil service, state boards, state corporations, municipal authorities and military personnel, as well as employees in\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security Board (Myanmar)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13208352\",\n \"text\": \"who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for \\\"an account number\\\" using \\\"Form SS-5.\\\" A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security number must obtain an alternative Taxpayer Identification Number. Three different types of Social Security cards are issued. The most common type contains the cardholder's name and number. Such cards are issued to U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. There are also two restricted types of Social Security cards: In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security number\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13208349\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license. Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification. Since nearly everyone in the United States now has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed. Since then, Social Security numbers have become \\\"de facto\\\" national identification numbers. Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate\",\n \"title\": \"Social Security number\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":294,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"295"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the principle port in Ecuador?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"119872","text":"Ecuador Ecuador ( , ) (), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, which literally translates as \"Republic of the Equator\"; ), is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, while the largest city is Guayaquil. What is now Ecuador was home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized","title":"Ecuador"},{"docid":"7514853","text":"Quevedo, Ecuador Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Rios Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton, a vibrant community founded in 1943. According to the latest census, Quevedo's population is 173,000. Located at 237 km SW of Quito (Ecuador's capital), or, 183 km NE of Guayaquil (Ecuador's main port). Quevedo is one of the fastest growing cities in Ecuador and it is mainly known for its agricultural tradition. Quevedo's agroindustrial complex is one of the leading exporters in the world of banana, cacao, passion fruit and coffee bean. In recent years non-agricultural activities have experienced","title":"Quevedo, Ecuador"},{"docid":"7514857","text":"customs of the early settlers of the region, who lived in the \"monte\", a word that describes the agricultural fields. The city celebrates its foundation on October 7. Quevedo, Ecuador Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Rios Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton, a vibrant community founded in 1943. According to the latest census, Quevedo's population is 173,000. Located at 237 km SW of Quito (Ecuador's capital), or, 183 km NE of Guayaquil (Ecuador's main port). Quevedo is one of the fastest growing cities in Ecuador and it is mainly known for its agricultural","title":"Quevedo, Ecuador"},{"docid":"11782009","text":"private catholic schools still existed. Monsignor Antonio José Cardinal González Zumárraga is the emeritus Archbishop of Quito. He is in charge of the Ecuadorian Catholic Church. The Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador is Giacomo Guido Ottonello. In Latin America Protestants are most often called Evangelicals (Evangelicos). Ecuador has now about 11% of the population calling itself protestant. Most are Pentecostals, but many denominations are active. The first Mormon missionaries in Ecuador arrived in 1965. On August 1, 1999, the Guayaquil Ecuador Temple was dedicated by President Gordon B. Hinckley. Latter-day Saint membership in Ecuador has increased significantly in recent years. In","title":"Religion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14375502","text":"2005 World Rafting Championships were held on the Quijos River in Napo Province. Ecuador also hosted the 2007 Youth World Championship for rock climbing, held in Ibarra, becoming the first country outside of Europe or Asia to host the event. Sport in Ecuador Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Football is the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis. Since 2005, Ecuador has been greatly involved in sports, and hosted the Guayaquil Marathon in Ecuador's largest city. Football is the most popular sport in Ecuador. Its best known professional teams include Barcelona and Emelec","title":"Sport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14375497","text":"Sport in Ecuador Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Football is the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis. Since 2005, Ecuador has been greatly involved in sports, and hosted the Guayaquil Marathon in Ecuador's largest city. Football is the most popular sport in Ecuador. Its best known professional teams include Barcelona and Emelec from Guayaquil, LDU Quito, Deportivo Quito, and El Nacional from Quito, Olmedo from Riobamba, and Deportivo Cuenca from Cuenca. The national team's matches are the most watched sporting events in the country. In June 2007, FIFA adopted a resolution, prohibiting","title":"Sport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"11782011","text":"States of America or Israel. The Community has a Jewish Center with a synagogue, a country club and a cemetery. It supports the \"Albert Einstein School\", where Jewish history, religion and Hebrew classes are offered. There is a very small community in Cuenca. The \"Comunidad de Culto Israelita\" reunites the Jews of Guayaquil. This community works independently from the \"Jewish Community of Ecuador\". Jewish visitors to Ecuador can also take advantage of Jewish resources as they travel and keep kosher there, even in the Amazon Rainforest. The \"Islam Community of Ecuador\" (Comunidad Islámica del Ecuador) is of Sunni denomination and","title":"Religion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"7246283","text":"activities as well as social, cultural and educational activities are conducted according to Sunni Islam. The Khaled ibn al Walid mosque nowadays is run by Sheikh Mohamed Mamdouh, and had opened it doors for all Muslims domiciled in Quito. In Guayaquil, the Centro Islamico Al Hijra was established in 2004 by Juan Saud from Ecuador, Ali Said from Pakistan, and Mazhar Farooq from India. Islam in Ecuador The Pew Research Center estimates that Ecuador has a Muslim population of about 2000, representing 0.011 % out of total population of 16,965,000 inhabitants. The first Muslim settlers in Ecuador were primarily Arabs","title":"Islam in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17510111","text":"colonial boundaries, much less what it is today; this cultural-historical unit comes even from pre-Columbian times. All aforementioned largely explains the Sephardic presence in gold and commercial areas of Quito and Calacalí such as Loja, Zaruma, Cuenca, Santa Isabel, Yungilla, Tarquí, Chordeleg and Sígsig, and mountain passes or centers of trade routes between Guayaquil and Quito, as Alausí Chapacoto, Chimborazo St. Joseph, San Miguel de Chimborazo and Guaranda and in the northern highlands of Peru, due to its proximity. This presence of Western Sephardim Jews remained hidden for years in Ecuador and also settled in villages so remote sites as","title":"History of the Jews in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12809824","text":"Football in Ecuador Association football (simply called football) is the most popular sport in Ecuador, in line with the majority of South America. The governing body of football in Ecuador is the Ecuadorian Football Federation (), also known as FEF or Ecuafútbol. It runs all national football tournaments and manages the national football teams. Its seat is in Guayaquil. In addition, there are 18 provincial association throughout the country. Club football is the most popular spectator sport in the country. The top-flight league in the country is the Serie A, followed by the Serie B. Both contain a small number","title":"Football in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12809829","text":"has yet to win a Copa América.Their best finish in Copa América was fourth in 1993 (they also finished fourth in the 'extra' South American Championship in 1959). Football in Ecuador Association football (simply called football) is the most popular sport in Ecuador, in line with the majority of South America. The governing body of football in Ecuador is the Ecuadorian Football Federation (), also known as FEF or Ecuafútbol. It runs all national football tournaments and manages the national football teams. Its seat is in Guayaquil. In addition, there are 18 provincial association throughout the country. Club football is","title":"Football in Ecuador"},{"docid":"956843","text":"in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade. The largest port in Australia is the Port of Melbourne. According to ECLAC's \"Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean\", the largest ports in South America are the Port of Santos in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, Callao in Peru, Guayaquil in Ecuador and the Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Port A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to","title":"Port"},{"docid":"13547151","text":"the coast of Guayas river, to play rugby criollo with the natives. Rugby was first played in Ecuador in the 1930s, when it was introduced by British merchants to Puná Island on the Guayas River. Rugby union in Ecuador Rugby union in Ecuador is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Federación Ecuatoriana de Rugby, which became affiliated to CONSUR in 2011 but not yet to the IRB. Rugby union is found to some extent in Ecuador, with teams in Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca. One out of two Spanish countries in South America still to compete under","title":"Rugby union in Ecuador"},{"docid":"13547150","text":"Rugby union in Ecuador Rugby union in Ecuador is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Federación Ecuatoriana de Rugby, which became affiliated to CONSUR in 2011 but not yet to the IRB. Rugby union is found to some extent in Ecuador, with teams in Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca. One out of two Spanish countries in South America still to compete under CONSUR's arm (the other one being Bolivia), Ecuador rugby story dates back to the 1930s when newspapers specified the presence of English merchants playing the game that they would eventually take to Puná island, along","title":"Rugby union in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17510118","text":"of the immigrants, however, caused tension among the Syrian and Cuban community who had previously controlled those fields of business. This pressure led to an anti-Jewish sentiment for a while, but nothing more substantial. In 1940 there were 3,000 Jews in Ecuador, the vast majority refugees from Germany. Jews in Ecuador entered the press, medicine industry and commerce. They established textile factories, pharmaceutical factories and important furniture factories. At its peak, in 1950, the Jewish population of Ecuador was estimated at 4,000 persons, the majority living in Quito, several hundred in Guayaquil, and several scores in Ambato, Riobamba, and Cuenca.","title":"History of the Jews in Ecuador"},{"docid":"7817651","text":"days by bus to attend the temple in Lima, Peru. Before the LDS temple was dedicated, an open house was free to all in the community, including government officials. Over one hundred thousand members and non-members participated in the open house. The Guayaquil Ecuador Temple was dedicated on August 1, 1999 by LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley. The temple resides on a hill in Urdesa, a peaceful suburb of northern Guayaquil, Ecuador's main port and most populous city. The Guayaquil Ecuador Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms, and three sealing rooms. Lynn Shawcroft of Arizona was","title":"Guayaquil Ecuador Temple"},{"docid":"5355646","text":"LATAM Perú, LATAM Argentina, and LATAM Ecuador. The number to enter the LAN Ecuador fleet is unknown at this time, but it is likely the Boeing 787's will replace the ageing Boeing 767-300's. LATAM Ecuador codeshares with the following airlines: As of August 2017, the LAN Ecuador fleet consists of the following aircraft: The airline previously operated the following aircraft: LATAM Ecuador LATAM Ecuador, formerly LAN Ecuador (Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A.), is a subsidiary of LATAM Airlines, based in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Operates scheduled passenger services using leased LAN aircraft. LATAM Ecuador was established in July 2002 as","title":"LATAM Ecuador"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"119872\",\n \"text\": \"Ecuador Ecuador ( , ) (), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, which literally translates as \\\"Republic of the Equator\\\"; ), is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, while the largest city is Guayaquil. What is now Ecuador was home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century. The territory was colonized\",\n \"title\": \"Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7514853\",\n \"text\": \"Quevedo, Ecuador Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Rios Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton, a vibrant community founded in 1943. According to the latest census, Quevedo's population is 173,000. Located at 237 km SW of Quito (Ecuador's capital), or, 183 km NE of Guayaquil (Ecuador's main port). Quevedo is one of the fastest growing cities in Ecuador and it is mainly known for its agricultural tradition. Quevedo's agroindustrial complex is one of the leading exporters in the world of banana, cacao, passion fruit and coffee bean. In recent years non-agricultural activities have experienced\",\n \"title\": \"Quevedo, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7514857\",\n \"text\": \"customs of the early settlers of the region, who lived in the \\\"monte\\\", a word that describes the agricultural fields. The city celebrates its foundation on October 7. Quevedo, Ecuador Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Rios Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton, a vibrant community founded in 1943. According to the latest census, Quevedo's population is 173,000. Located at 237 km SW of Quito (Ecuador's capital), or, 183 km NE of Guayaquil (Ecuador's main port). Quevedo is one of the fastest growing cities in Ecuador and it is mainly known for its agricultural\",\n \"title\": \"Quevedo, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11782009\",\n \"text\": \"private catholic schools still existed. Monsignor Antonio José Cardinal González Zumárraga is the emeritus Archbishop of Quito. He is in charge of the Ecuadorian Catholic Church. The Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador is Giacomo Guido Ottonello. In Latin America Protestants are most often called Evangelicals (Evangelicos). Ecuador has now about 11% of the population calling itself protestant. Most are Pentecostals, but many denominations are active. The first Mormon missionaries in Ecuador arrived in 1965. On August 1, 1999, the Guayaquil Ecuador Temple was dedicated by President Gordon B. Hinckley. Latter-day Saint membership in Ecuador has increased significantly in recent years. In\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14375502\",\n \"text\": \"2005 World Rafting Championships were held on the Quijos River in Napo Province. Ecuador also hosted the 2007 Youth World Championship for rock climbing, held in Ibarra, becoming the first country outside of Europe or Asia to host the event. Sport in Ecuador Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Football is the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis. Since 2005, Ecuador has been greatly involved in sports, and hosted the Guayaquil Marathon in Ecuador's largest city. Football is the most popular sport in Ecuador. Its best known professional teams include Barcelona and Emelec\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14375497\",\n \"text\": \"Sport in Ecuador Sports in Ecuador influence the culture and its people. Football is the most popular sport, followed by baseball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis. Since 2005, Ecuador has been greatly involved in sports, and hosted the Guayaquil Marathon in Ecuador's largest city. Football is the most popular sport in Ecuador. Its best known professional teams include Barcelona and Emelec from Guayaquil, LDU Quito, Deportivo Quito, and El Nacional from Quito, Olmedo from Riobamba, and Deportivo Cuenca from Cuenca. The national team's matches are the most watched sporting events in the country. In June 2007, FIFA adopted a resolution, prohibiting\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11782011\",\n \"text\": \"States of America or Israel. The Community has a Jewish Center with a synagogue, a country club and a cemetery. It supports the \\\"Albert Einstein School\\\", where Jewish history, religion and Hebrew classes are offered. There is a very small community in Cuenca. The \\\"Comunidad de Culto Israelita\\\" reunites the Jews of Guayaquil. This community works independently from the \\\"Jewish Community of Ecuador\\\". Jewish visitors to Ecuador can also take advantage of Jewish resources as they travel and keep kosher there, even in the Amazon Rainforest. The \\\"Islam Community of Ecuador\\\" (Comunidad Islámica del Ecuador) is of Sunni denomination and\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7246283\",\n \"text\": \"activities as well as social, cultural and educational activities are conducted according to Sunni Islam. The Khaled ibn al Walid mosque nowadays is run by Sheikh Mohamed Mamdouh, and had opened it doors for all Muslims domiciled in Quito. In Guayaquil, the Centro Islamico Al Hijra was established in 2004 by Juan Saud from Ecuador, Ali Said from Pakistan, and Mazhar Farooq from India. Islam in Ecuador The Pew Research Center estimates that Ecuador has a Muslim population of about 2000, representing 0.011 % out of total population of 16,965,000 inhabitants. The first Muslim settlers in Ecuador were primarily Arabs\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17510111\",\n \"text\": \"colonial boundaries, much less what it is today; this cultural-historical unit comes even from pre-Columbian times. All aforementioned largely explains the Sephardic presence in gold and commercial areas of Quito and Calacalí such as Loja, Zaruma, Cuenca, Santa Isabel, Yungilla, Tarquí, Chordeleg and Sígsig, and mountain passes or centers of trade routes between Guayaquil and Quito, as Alausí Chapacoto, Chimborazo St. Joseph, San Miguel de Chimborazo and Guaranda and in the northern highlands of Peru, due to its proximity. This presence of Western Sephardim Jews remained hidden for years in Ecuador and also settled in villages so remote sites as\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12809824\",\n \"text\": \"Football in Ecuador Association football (simply called football) is the most popular sport in Ecuador, in line with the majority of South America. The governing body of football in Ecuador is the Ecuadorian Football Federation (), also known as FEF or Ecuafútbol. It runs all national football tournaments and manages the national football teams. Its seat is in Guayaquil. In addition, there are 18 provincial association throughout the country. Club football is the most popular spectator sport in the country. The top-flight league in the country is the Serie A, followed by the Serie B. Both contain a small number\",\n \"title\": \"Football in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12809829\",\n \"text\": \"has yet to win a Copa América.Their best finish in Copa América was fourth in 1993 (they also finished fourth in the 'extra' South American Championship in 1959). Football in Ecuador Association football (simply called football) is the most popular sport in Ecuador, in line with the majority of South America. The governing body of football in Ecuador is the Ecuadorian Football Federation (), also known as FEF or Ecuafútbol. It runs all national football tournaments and manages the national football teams. Its seat is in Guayaquil. In addition, there are 18 provincial association throughout the country. Club football is\",\n \"title\": \"Football in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"956843\",\n \"text\": \"in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade. The largest port in Australia is the Port of Melbourne. According to ECLAC's \\\"Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean\\\", the largest ports in South America are the Port of Santos in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, Callao in Peru, Guayaquil in Ecuador and the Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Port A port is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where ships may dock to\",\n \"title\": \"Port\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13547151\",\n \"text\": \"the coast of Guayas river, to play rugby criollo with the natives. Rugby was first played in Ecuador in the 1930s, when it was introduced by British merchants to Puná Island on the Guayas River. Rugby union in Ecuador Rugby union in Ecuador is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Federación Ecuatoriana de Rugby, which became affiliated to CONSUR in 2011 but not yet to the IRB. Rugby union is found to some extent in Ecuador, with teams in Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca. One out of two Spanish countries in South America still to compete under\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby union in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13547150\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby union in Ecuador Rugby union in Ecuador is a minor, but growing sport. The governing body is the Federación Ecuatoriana de Rugby, which became affiliated to CONSUR in 2011 but not yet to the IRB. Rugby union is found to some extent in Ecuador, with teams in Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca. One out of two Spanish countries in South America still to compete under CONSUR's arm (the other one being Bolivia), Ecuador rugby story dates back to the 1930s when newspapers specified the presence of English merchants playing the game that they would eventually take to Puná island, along\",\n \"title\": \"Rugby union in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17510118\",\n \"text\": \"of the immigrants, however, caused tension among the Syrian and Cuban community who had previously controlled those fields of business. This pressure led to an anti-Jewish sentiment for a while, but nothing more substantial. In 1940 there were 3,000 Jews in Ecuador, the vast majority refugees from Germany. Jews in Ecuador entered the press, medicine industry and commerce. They established textile factories, pharmaceutical factories and important furniture factories. At its peak, in 1950, the Jewish population of Ecuador was estimated at 4,000 persons, the majority living in Quito, several hundred in Guayaquil, and several scores in Ambato, Riobamba, and Cuenca.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7817651\",\n \"text\": \"days by bus to attend the temple in Lima, Peru. Before the LDS temple was dedicated, an open house was free to all in the community, including government officials. Over one hundred thousand members and non-members participated in the open house. The Guayaquil Ecuador Temple was dedicated on August 1, 1999 by LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley. The temple resides on a hill in Urdesa, a peaceful suburb of northern Guayaquil, Ecuador's main port and most populous city. The Guayaquil Ecuador Temple has a total of , four ordinance rooms, and three sealing rooms. Lynn Shawcroft of Arizona was\",\n \"title\": \"Guayaquil Ecuador Temple\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5355646\",\n \"text\": \"LATAM Perú, LATAM Argentina, and LATAM Ecuador. The number to enter the LAN Ecuador fleet is unknown at this time, but it is likely the Boeing 787's will replace the ageing Boeing 767-300's. LATAM Ecuador codeshares with the following airlines: As of August 2017, the LAN Ecuador fleet consists of the following aircraft: The airline previously operated the following aircraft: LATAM Ecuador LATAM Ecuador, formerly LAN Ecuador (Aerolane Líneas Aéreas Nacionales del Ecuador S.A.), is a subsidiary of LATAM Airlines, based in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Operates scheduled passenger services using leased LAN aircraft. LATAM Ecuador was established in July 2002 as\",\n \"title\": \"LATAM Ecuador\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"14537459","text":"support for the Ecuadorian \"Yasuni-ITT program\" to receive international funds in order not to transition to sustainable energy. Ecuador and Iran have also cooperated in the port, agriculture and auto industries. In 2010, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) named both Ecuador and Iran as countries failing to comply with international regulations against money laundering and financing terrorism. It said Ecuador had not \"constructively engaged\" with the body and was \"not committed\" to global standards on money crimes. Correa was quick to condemn the move: \"What arrogance! And why? Because we have relations with Iran. That's it. This is imperialism","title":"Ecuador–Iran relations"},{"docid":"12206710","text":"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, also Native Ecuadorians or Native Americans, are the groups of people who were present in what became Ecuador before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The term also includes their descendants from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present. Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, reaches into the present; 25 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 70 percent is of mixed indigenous and European heritage. The first inhabitants of the Americas migrated from Asia across the Beringia land bridge. The first inhabitants of South","title":"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador"},{"docid":"3211109","text":"Manta, Ecuador Manta is a mid-sized city in Manabí Province, Ecuador. It is the second most populous city in the province, the fifth most populous in the country. Manta has existed since Pre-Columbian times. It was a trading post for the Mantas. According to the 2001 census, the city had 192,322 inhabitants. Its main economic activity is tuna fishing. Other economic activities include tourism and a chemical industry with products from cleaning supplies to oils and margarine. Manta possesses the largest seaport in Ecuador. The port was used by Charles Marie de La Condamine upon his arrival in Ecuador when","title":"Manta, Ecuador"},{"docid":"5238493","text":"Ecuador. Esmeraldas is well known around Latin America given the large number of locals that have historically played in the Ecuadorian national football team. The port of Esmeraldas is economically important for the northern part of Ecuador, and the port of Balao is an important oil processing facility. Exports from Esmeraldas include wood and wood chips, bananas, and other agricultural products. The soil allows the production of rice, maize, African Palm, albacá and a variety of tropical fruits. Among the main forest species are: chanul, raft, laurel, sande, guayacán, and tangaré. Cattle and pig rearing are also important. The fishing","title":"Esmeraldas, Ecuador"},{"docid":"5238497","text":"La Unión - Muisne - Esmeraldas - Quinindé (Rosa Zarate) that lead to Santo Domingo and Quito. The Quito - San Lorenzo rail network is still in use. The \"Carlos Concha Torres\" International Airport offers both national and international services to Cali, Colombia. Esmeraldas, Ecuador Esmeraldas () is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international sea port and a small airport (IATA location identifier: ESM). Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth","title":"Esmeraldas, Ecuador"},{"docid":"18912900","text":"for certain what were the purposes for which it was built this building of origin Inca-Carari, the only criterion on which coincide several historians and archaeologists is that it was built under the exclusive orders of Huayna Cápac, during campaigns of conquest that her father Túpac Yupanqui, began years ago, to the territories that now comprise southern Ecuador. Apparently it played a major role in the Inca military strategies, as outpost and supply of troops to the north of Ecuador, but his most important goal was that of being a place of worship and veneration of the sun, the most","title":"Tourism in Ecuador"},{"docid":"5238492","text":"Esmeraldas, Ecuador Esmeraldas () is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international sea port and a small airport (IATA location identifier: ESM). Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River. It is exactly at the antipodes of Padang, Indonesia. The city is the principal trading hub for the region's agricultural and lumber resources, and is the terminus of the 313-mile (504-km) Trans-Ecuadorian Pipeline from the oil fields in northeastern","title":"Esmeraldas, Ecuador"},{"docid":"3211118","text":"weakens. Manta has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International: Manta, Ecuador Manta is a mid-sized city in Manabí Province, Ecuador. It is the second most populous city in the province, the fifth most populous in the country. Manta has existed since Pre-Columbian times. It was a trading post for the Mantas. According to the 2001 census, the city had 192,322 inhabitants. Its main economic activity is tuna fishing. Other economic activities include tourism and a chemical industry with products from cleaning supplies to oils and margarine. Manta possesses the largest seaport in Ecuador. The port was used","title":"Manta, Ecuador"},{"docid":"120073","text":"and bringing focus on poverty. The 2007-8 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly drafted the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador, approved via the Ecuadorian constitutional referendum, 2008. In November 2009, Ecuador faced an energy crisis that led to power rationing across the country. History of Ecuador The History of Ecuador extends over an 8,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador. The history can be divided into five eras: Pre-Columbian, the Conquest, the Colonial Period, the War of Independence, Gran Colombia, and Simón Bolívar the final separation of his vision into what is","title":"History of Ecuador"},{"docid":"12206753","text":"discriminatory challenge. Indians often feel vulnerable and predisposed to physical and verbal attacks, which cause them to be more reserved and avoid contact with whites. An indigenous witness claimed he was told to leave a restaurant because “no Indians [were] admitted to [that] locale”. Racism can be seen such as travelling in public transportation, interactions in public spaces, and the yearning to be white from Indians. Indigenous peoples in Ecuador Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, also Native Ecuadorians or Native Americans, are the groups of people who were present in what became Ecuador before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The","title":"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12125142","text":"Quito, Ecuador. It is the oldest university in Ecuador, established in 1826 and one of the oldest in the Americas. The enrollment is over 10,000 students per year. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) (English:\"Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador\") is a Pontifical Catholic university located in Quito, Ecuador. The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador eliminated tuition in public universities. Starting in 2012, admission to the country’s 29 public universities will be based on an aptitude test. Education in Ecuador The Ecuadorian Constitution requires that all children attend school until they achieve a “basic level of education,” which is estimated at nine","title":"Education in Ecuador"},{"docid":"120006","text":"History of Ecuador The History of Ecuador extends over an 8,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador. The history can be divided into five eras: Pre-Columbian, the Conquest, the Colonial Period, the War of Independence, Gran Colombia, and Simón Bolívar the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador. During the pre-Inca period, people lived in ans, which formed great tribes, some allied with each other to form powerful confederations, as the Confederation of Quito. But none of these confederations could","title":"History of Ecuador"},{"docid":"120079","text":"city in the country. On the north coast of Ecuador the port of Balao in Esmeraldas is used for oil export and the port of Manta was formerly used by the United States Air Force as a control point for narcotics traffic control until 2009. The central belt of Ecuador that includes the Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude zone may be found cloud forests. The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided","title":"Geography of Ecuador"},{"docid":"11782010","text":"2008, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported having 185,663 members in Ecuador. The \"Jesus Name Apostolic Church of Ecuador\" (Iglesia Evangelica Apostolica del Nombre de Jesus) is the largest Apostolic/Pentecostal church in Ecuador with more than 100,000 members in Ecuador. Considered a Missionary Church they have churches and missions in Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela, San Salvador, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Israel. The \"Jewish Community of Ecuador\" (Comunidad Judía del Ecuador) has its seat in Quito and has approximately 290 members. Nevertheless, this number is declining because young people leave the country towards the United","title":"Religion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"2719969","text":"attempted to identify such invariants under a group of transformations. In what is referred to in physics as Noether's theorem, the Poincaré group of transformations (what is now called a gauge group) for general relativity defines symmetries under a group of transformations which depend on a variational principle, or action principle. Variational principle A variational principle is a scientific principle used within the calculus of variations, which develops general methods for finding functions which extremize the value of quantities that depend upon those functions. For example, to answer this question: \"What is the shape of a chain suspended at both","title":"Variational principle"},{"docid":"11782007","text":"Religion in Ecuador Religion in Ecuador is an expression of the different cultural heritages in Ecuadorian culture, including those stemming from the Spanish colonization, Native Amerindians and Afro-Ecuadorians. Christianity is the largest religion in Ecuador. Among the old churches are new ones and many more being built by the Catholic Church. The Evangelical Missionary Union represents many Protestants in Ecuador; Anglican churches in Ecuador belong to Province 9 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Other religions are present in small numbers: Eastern Orthodoxy, Mormonism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. According to Latinobarómetro in 2017 equadorians returned following","title":"Religion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"15912422","text":"Surfing in Ecuador Ecuador has many beaches for surfing: the coast of Ecuador is 2,237 km (1,390 miles) long. Surfable waves are available in Ecuador year-round, and surfers enjoy the mild year-round weather, especially in the northern region where the weather conditions attract many surfers from all over the world. Within this part of South America, Ecuador's neighbors Chile and Peru also offer great surfing. Many surfers in Ecuador use a protective wetsuit. Surf tourism is very important to the local economy, and the beaches offer significant enjoyment because of top quality waves combined with afforable prices for lodging and","title":"Surfing in Ecuador"},{"docid":"20094389","text":"\"a political actor instead of an impartial observer of the country’s communications environment\". The move was later reversed. Censorship in Ecuador Censorship in Ecuador refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in Ecuador. In the \"Freedom of the Press Report 2016\" by Freedom House, the press in Ecuador is classified as \"not free\". The \"2016 World Press Freedom Index\" by Reporters Without Borders placed Ecuador in the \"noticeable problems\" category for press freedom, ranking the country 109 out of 180. Ecuador’s \"Organic Law on Communications\" was passed in June 2013. The law recognizes a right","title":"Censorship in Ecuador"},{"docid":"20094381","text":"Censorship in Ecuador Censorship in Ecuador refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in Ecuador. In the \"Freedom of the Press Report 2016\" by Freedom House, the press in Ecuador is classified as \"not free\". The \"2016 World Press Freedom Index\" by Reporters Without Borders placed Ecuador in the \"noticeable problems\" category for press freedom, ranking the country 109 out of 180. Ecuador’s \"Organic Law on Communications\" was passed in June 2013. The law recognizes a right to communication. Media companies are required to collect and store user information. “Media lynching”, which appears to extend","title":"Censorship in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18695257","text":"Ecuador knowing that they could be targeted by corrupt law enforcement officials.\" Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army. Foreign groups include the Colombian groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN). Although prohibited by law, domestic violence in Ecuador is a human rights problem. In a 2008 survey, 32.4% of the women interviewed aged 15–49 said they had suffered physical or sexual violence by a current or former partner. Crime in Ecuador Crime in","title":"Crime in Ecuador"},{"docid":"15912423","text":"food compared to other surf destinations. There's also a national marine reserve off the coast, which has a gigantic whale population. Some of the most popular surfing spots in Ecuador, which also have links to their own Wikipedia pages, include: Surfing in Ecuador Ecuador has many beaches for surfing: the coast of Ecuador is 2,237 km (1,390 miles) long. Surfable waves are available in Ecuador year-round, and surfers enjoy the mild year-round weather, especially in the northern region where the weather conditions attract many surfers from all over the world. Within this part of South America, Ecuador's neighbors Chile and","title":"Surfing in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14801879","text":"Smoking in Ecuador Smoking in Ecuador is more common among men and younger people. More than half of Ecuadorian smokers desire to quit. The Government of Ecuador plans to reduce second-hand smoke in public spaces by 2012. The tobacco industry in Ecuador includes the major players of Tabacalera Andina SA (a subsidiary of Philip Morris International Inc) and British American Tobacco (South America) Ltd. Smoking is expected to decrease as the government enacts laws and the public becomes more aware of the dangers of smoking. Smoking is common in bars and dance clubs, but non-smoking signs in restaurants in Quito","title":"Smoking in Ecuador"},{"docid":"120169","text":"Telecommunications in Ecuador Telecommunications in Ecuador include telephone, radio, television, and the Internet. Ecuador's state regulatory agency is the National Telecommunications Council (CONATEL), which is part of the Telecommunications Ministry (MINTEL). There are three cell phone providers in Ecuador: Claro (Telcel), Movistar, and CNT. Mobile networks are diverse and include GSM 850 MHz (largest) as well as CDMA (Bell South's old network before being acquired by Telefónica Spain which rebranded Movistar), TDMA63. CNT is the state owned firm and uses CDMA. Ecuador has multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations. Many TV","title":"Telecommunications in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18912852","text":"tourist attractions of Ecuador; undoubtedly, it is the most known and famous attractive of the country. Currently the number of visitors to the Galápagos reaches about 200 000 tourists per year. Administratively, the islands are a province of Ecuador, whose capital is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (officially, also is called \"Insular Region of Ecuador\"). On 12 February 1832, under the presidency of Juan José Flores, the Galápagos Islands were annexed to Ecuador. Since 18 February 1973 constitute a province of this country. It is estimated that the formation of the first island took place more than 5 million years ago, as","title":"Tourism in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18695256","text":"Crime in Ecuador Crime in Ecuador is investigated by the Ecuadorian police. In 2012, Ecuador had a murder rate of 12.4 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 1,924 murders in Ecuador in 2012. By 2014, this had decreased to 8.23 per 100,000, with 1,309 murders recorded that year. In a 2009 diplomatic cable from the United States diplomatic cables leak released by WikiLeaks and published by El País in April 2011, U.S. Ambassador Heather Hodges said that \"corruption among Ecuadorian National Police officers is widespread and well-known\" and that \"U.S. investors are reluctant to risk their resources in","title":"Crime in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14801881","text":"tobacco use are required to cover at least 60% of product packaging. Later in the year, the government raised its taxation on tobacco, becoming the nation with the highest rate in Latin America. Smoking in Ecuador Smoking in Ecuador is more common among men and younger people. More than half of Ecuadorian smokers desire to quit. The Government of Ecuador plans to reduce second-hand smoke in public spaces by 2012. The tobacco industry in Ecuador includes the major players of Tabacalera Andina SA (a subsidiary of Philip Morris International Inc) and British American Tobacco (South America) Ltd. Smoking is expected","title":"Smoking in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17380096","text":"home to many American retirees who settled there for its scenery and weather. Many retirees there have been accepted into the local community rather than being stereotyped as part of the American enclave. American schools in Ecuador: Americans in Ecuador Americans in Ecuador consists of immigrants and expatriates from the United States to Ecuador mostly retirees. It is estimated that about 5,000 to 10,000 American expatriates now live in the country. Cuenca is home to many retirees from all over the United States. They were drawn there by quality health care, a booming social scene and a low cost of","title":"Americans in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18943476","text":"Colombia–Ecuador border The Colombia–Ecuador border is an international boundary between the territories of Colombia and Ecuador. It consists of two sections, one terrestrial and one marine, well-defined: The first section is a continuous line of 586 kilometres, running from east to west (from the Güepí River to the mouth of the river Mataje in Ancon de Sardinas Bay in the Pacific Ocean). It is about 28% of what was once the border between Colombia and Ecuador after the disintegration of the Great Colombia in 1830.3 Current land border was demarcated permanently by Muñoz-Suárez Vernaza Treaty on 15 July 1916. The","title":"Colombia–Ecuador border"},{"docid":"13979826","text":"pose the same threats. 21.9% of households in Ecuador do not have access to clean drinking water. 5% of wastewater is treated. 48% of households have sewer systems. There are high amounts of air pollution in Ecuador. This can result in air-born illnesses and respiratory problems. Health in Ecuador Ecuador contains three distinct climatic regions: Tropical, Highland or Sierra and Amazon rain forest. The health conditions of this country vary according to these regions. In the sierras, in cities such as Quito or Cuenca where most Ecuadorians live, health conditions most commonly associated with the tropics do not exist. For","title":"Health in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18590356","text":"inactive for several years. Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador, although some have been operationally inactive in the last few years, include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army. Foreign groups include the Colombian groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN). Terrorism in Ecuador Terrorism in Ecuador is a rare occurrence as the country, despite recurrent periods of economic and political instability, has been traditionally known as a peaceful state in Latin America, unlike its neighbor states; Peru and Colombia, which","title":"Terrorism in Ecuador"},{"docid":"19895434","text":"along with other Latin American and Caribbean countries, issued the Quito Declaration, which emphasized the importance of combatting corruption more seriously. Ecuador has also signed reciprocal corruption-fighting agreements with Belgium, Cuba, Mexico, and other countries. Corruption in Ecuador Corruption in Ecuador is a highly serious problem. In 2014, the U.S. Department of State cited Ecuador's corruption as a key human-rights problem. According to Freedom House, “Ecuador has long been racked by corruption” and the weak judicial oversight and investigative resources perpetuate a culture of impunity. In 2012, \"The Daily Mail\" called the country “a hotbed of corruption” and stated that","title":"Corruption in Ecuador"},{"docid":"120178","text":"with Colombia. On 5 July 2008 a meeting took place between Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador regarding a railway for freight and passengers to link the three countries, and linking the Pacific with the Atlantic also. There is no railway service to Peru. Transport in Ecuador Transportation in Ecuador uses six transportation methods to transport passengers and freight (more specifically, oil). They are aviation, highways, pipelines, ports and harbors, railways, and waterways 359 (2006 est.) The Sierra Region still plays an important role in transportation throughout the country. The Pan-American Highway crosses it from North to South. Ecuador has managed to","title":"Transport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"4851895","text":"a medley with What Have You Done for Me Lately & Control. The Pleasure Principle (song) \"The Pleasure Principle\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson, recorded for her third studio album, \"Control\" (1986). It was written by and produced by Monte Moir, and was released as the sixth single from the album on May 12, 1987 by A&M Records. \"The Pleasure Principle\" is an \"independent woman\" anthem about love gone wrong built around a dance beat. The photo for the single cover was shot by fashion photographer David LaChapelle. The accompanying music video for \"The Pleasure Principle\" was","title":"The Pleasure Principle (song)"},{"docid":"17371048","text":"of rape. In recent years, being confronted with the highest teenage pregnancy rate in South America, Ecuador has decided to liberalize its policy regarding contraception, including emergency contraception. Domestic violence against women is a very serious problem. \"La Ley Contra la Violencia a la Mujer y la Familia\" (Law on Violence against Women and the Family) deals with domestic violence. This law was heavily influenced by the \"Consejo Nacional de las Mujeres CONAMU\" (National Council of Women) and by what they believe in and stand for. A rough translation of their missions statement is to further enable our efforts and","title":"Women in Ecuador"},{"docid":"13844643","text":"messages with an explicit structure, such as XML. Horton Principle The Horton Principle is a design rule for cryptographic systems and can be expressed as \"Authenticate what is being meant, not what is being said\". The principle is named after the title character in the Dr. Seuss children's book \"Horton Hatches the Egg\". The Horton Principle becomes important when using Message Authentication Codes (or MACs) in a cryptographic system. Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she uses a MAC to authenticate a message \"m\" that was made by concatenating three data fields, where \"m\" := \"a\"","title":"Horton Principle"},{"docid":"13844641","text":"Horton Principle The Horton Principle is a design rule for cryptographic systems and can be expressed as \"Authenticate what is being meant, not what is being said\". The principle is named after the title character in the Dr. Seuss children's book \"Horton Hatches the Egg\". The Horton Principle becomes important when using Message Authentication Codes (or MACs) in a cryptographic system. Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she uses a MAC to authenticate a message \"m\" that was made by concatenating three data fields, where \"m\" := \"a\" || \"b\" || \"c\". Bob needs to know","title":"Horton Principle"},{"docid":"12843354","text":"abortion were under investigation. In 2015, Ecuador was urged by CEDAW to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape and incest (under current law abortion in this case is legal only if the woman is mentally disabled) and severe fetal impairment (which is also illegal). Abortion in Ecuador Abortion in Ecuador is illegal except when performed in the case of a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman (when this threat cannot be averted by other means) or when the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime against a mentally disabled woman and her legal representative has","title":"Abortion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12125141","text":"EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irradiation facilities like cobalt-60 source and electron beam processing. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ main campus is located in Cumbayá, outside of Quito, where students use a library, education and research laboratories, classrooms, and seven restaurants. USFQ is the only university in the world that owns a campus in the Galapagos Islands, and a campus in the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (Tiputini Biodiversity Station), one of Earth's most biodiverse area. The Central University of Ecuador (Spanish: Universidad Central del Ecuador) is a national university located in","title":"Education in Ecuador"},{"docid":"3006893","text":"person is truly isolated from others and that most actions do affect other people in important ways. The ethical question as to what extent there should be constraints on free speech is often grounded in both the harm principle and the offense principle. If the exercise of free speech can be causally linked to violence or similar physical harm, it is constrained under the harm principle. Free speech actions such as burning a flag or holding controversial rallies usually fall under the offense principle instead, based on the corresponding question of what constitutes harm (or, alternately, weighing harm caused by","title":"Harm principle"},{"docid":"19895410","text":"Corruption in Ecuador Corruption in Ecuador is a highly serious problem. In 2014, the U.S. Department of State cited Ecuador's corruption as a key human-rights problem. According to Freedom House, “Ecuador has long been racked by corruption” and the weak judicial oversight and investigative resources perpetuate a culture of impunity. In 2012, \"The Daily Mail\" called the country “a hotbed of corruption” and stated that corruption “is widespread in the government, judiciary and police.” According to one report, “institutionalized graft has become a driving force” of Ecuador's economy, and that this graft “is flourishing in a vacuum of transparency or","title":"Corruption in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12843353","text":"Abortion in Ecuador Abortion in Ecuador is illegal except when performed in the case of a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman (when this threat cannot be averted by other means) or when the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime against a mentally disabled woman and her legal representative has consented. The Ministry of Public Health provides guidelines on therapeutic abortion. In Ecuador, there is strong political opposition to abortion; in 2013 then president Rafael Correa threatened to resign if the abortion law was liberalized. As of 2015, nearly 100 criminal cases of illegal","title":"Abortion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"19852653","text":"is 10 grams of marijuana or hash. Cannabis in Ecuador Cannabis in Ecuador is legal for personal consumption in quantities of up to 10 grams. The sale of marijuana is illegal. According to the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador in its Article 364 the Ecuadorian state does not see drug consumption as a crime but only as a health concern. Since June 2013 the State drugs regulatory office CONSEP has published a table which establishes maximum quantities carried by persons so as to be considered in legal possession and that person as not a seller of drugs. The amount of cannabis","title":"Cannabis in Ecuador"},{"docid":"19852652","text":"Cannabis in Ecuador Cannabis in Ecuador is legal for personal consumption in quantities of up to 10 grams. The sale of marijuana is illegal. According to the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador in its Article 364 the Ecuadorian state does not see drug consumption as a crime but only as a health concern. Since June 2013 the State drugs regulatory office CONSEP has published a table which establishes maximum quantities carried by persons so as to be considered in legal possession and that person as not a seller of drugs. The amount of cannabis that is allowed as personal consumption quantity","title":"Cannabis in Ecuador"},{"docid":"15237579","text":"French citizen has to have forgotten the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, or the massacre that took place in the South in the thirteenth century. While many nations, such as France, begin with a feudal regime such as a monarchy, others, such as the United States and Switzerland, are formed by acts of consensual aggregation. France and many others, however, survived their feudal roots while maintaining their identity. Renan inquires what is the organizing principle? It can't be race, because France is \"Celt, Iberian, German...The most noble countries, England, France and Italy, are the ones where the blood is most mixed.\"","title":"What Is a Nation?"},{"docid":"17380095","text":"Americans in Ecuador Americans in Ecuador consists of immigrants and expatriates from the United States to Ecuador mostly retirees. It is estimated that about 5,000 to 10,000 American expatriates now live in the country. Cuenca is home to many retirees from all over the United States. They were drawn there by quality health care, a booming social scene and a low cost of living. Americans first came to Cuenca in a slow trickle and many years later a deluge of retirees began settling there. The mayor of Cuenca estimated that about 4,000 Americans are now living there. Loja is also","title":"Americans in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18912849","text":"Tourism in Ecuador Ecuador is a country with vast natural and cultural wealth. The diversity of its four regions has resulted in hundreds of thousands of species of flora and fauna. It has about 1640 species of birds. The species of butterflies line the 4,500, the 345 reptiles, 358 amphibians and 258 mammals, among others. Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the greatest biodiversity of the planet is concentrated. Most of its flora and fauna live in 26 areas protected by the State. It also offers historical attractions such as Quito, food and a variety of cultures","title":"Tourism in Ecuador"},{"docid":"13979816","text":"the form of mostly smaller, doctor-owned health clinics. Private health insurance can be purchased but, as in many countries, is largely used by those of middle and upper income groups. Ecuador has benefited from the Cuban system of medical education sending over 100 students per year (for over 10 years) to the Escuela de Medicina Latinoamericana at no cost to the government of Ecuador or the students. A requirement of the program is that 50% of these students be women. Before returning to practice in Ecuador, it is common for these doctors to complete specialized residencies in the major cities","title":"Health in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17510106","text":"History of the Jews in Ecuador Ecuadorian Jews are a small Jewish community in the territory of today's Ecuador. They form one of the smallest Jewish communities in South America. In 1580 occurs in the Iberian peninsula union of the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, and King Philip II of Spain is the only heir to the throne of that kingdom. Many Portuguese \"suspicious of their faith\" begin to enter the Viceroyalty of Peru by the newly founded city in which surveillance Inquisition was weaker. The first Jews start arriving in Ecuador in the 16th and 17th centuries. Then union","title":"History of the Jews in Ecuador"},{"docid":"12270532","text":"Coffee production in Ecuador Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country, including in the Galápagos Islands. Historically, the Jipijapa Zone in the province of Manabí has been one of the most prominent places in which coffee has been cultivated in Ecuador. In 1860, coffee grains were introduced there. When Ecuador opened up to foreign trade and commerce, significant changes","title":"Coffee production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17510112","text":"the Judaism practiced only in secret at home. Most of these Crypto-Jews still speak Ladino. Some say that Antonio José de Sucre, a leader in the struggle for independence in South America, and the hero of Ecuador, who served both as president of Peru (short term) and as president of Bolivia, is a descendant of those Jews. Certain family names among established Ecuadorian families attest to their Sephardi ancestry and Crypto-Jews; however, prior to World War II there was very little active Jewish immigration to Ecuador. Sephardic names in Ecuador Navon, wise; Moreno , teacher; Gabay, official; Piedra, stone; Amzalag,","title":"History of the Jews in Ecuador"},{"docid":"20094384","text":"the following information: full name, phone number, passport number, voting certificate number, email address, and home address. Though originally the constitution allowed freedom of speech and in the press, a 2014 amendment regarded communication in Ecuador as a \"public service\", potentially allowing the government to become more involved in what is disseminated in the media. Since the establishment of the \"Organic Law on Communications\" in 2013, \"Ecuador’s media regulator, known as SUPERCOM, has issued sanctions in more than 300 cases against media outlets\". SUPERCOM and CORDICOM also persecuted numerous figures in the media for not following \"vaguely worded content restrictions\".","title":"Censorship in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17353353","text":"them continue to be engaged in child labor in the agricultural sector, namely in the production of bananas. In December 2014 and as far as Ecuador is concerned, bananas are mentioned in the \"List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor\". Banana production in Ecuador Banana production in Ecuador is important to the national economy. Ecuador is one of the world's top banana producers, ranked 5th with an annual production of 8 million tonnes (6% of world production) as of 2011. The country exports more than 4 million tonnes annually. The crop is mostly grown on private plantations","title":"Banana production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"11782022","text":"company of fellow converts. Protestantism replaced the patterns of mutual reciprocity characteristic of peasant social relations with a network of sharing and support among fellow believers. This support system extended to migrants; converts who left for the city or the coast sought out their coreligionists for assistance in finding lodging and employment even as Catholics looked to their compadres. Religion in Ecuador Religion in Ecuador is an expression of the different cultural heritages in Ecuadorian culture, including those stemming from the Spanish colonization, Native Amerindians and Afro-Ecuadorians. Christianity is the largest religion in Ecuador. Among the old churches are new","title":"Religion in Ecuador"},{"docid":"19895433","text":"Secretariat for Transparency Management coordinates and executes transparency policies in the executive branch, and “create[s] strategies for investigating, processing and reporting corruption issues to the relevant public entities.” There is a Law for the Control of Money Laundering and there are financial disclosure laws as well. There are no laws against bribing foreign officials. Ecuador has ratified the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) and the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (IACAC), though it has not enacted the chief requirements of the IACAC. In addition, Ecuador is a participant in the Andean Plan of Action Against Corruption. In December 2014, Ecuador,","title":"Corruption in Ecuador"},{"docid":"11656604","text":"Catorce, Pechiche, Los Angeles and Zulema. San Jacinto Of Buena Fe is an urban parish of Buena Fe Canton, Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Buena Fe, Ecuador Buena Fe a city in Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Its history dates back to 1943 when settlers arrived and Medardo Rosa Espinoza Cabezas Figueroa Carrillo rented a village in what is now the Las Vegas , where they set up a shop which gave the name of Buena Fe (\"Good Faith\"). Over the years the name became generic, and others soon built their homes in the surrounding areas, gradually forming the village. Having reached","title":"Buena Fe, Ecuador"},{"docid":"13906820","text":"Television in Ecuador Television in Ecuador is most important among the country's mass media. Television programming is dominated by telenovelas, series, and news programming. Private and government-run channels coexist at the national, regional, and local levels. Cable channels are also beginning to appear, most of which are exclusive to the companies that operate them. Finally, there are also internet television channels, some of which have specific themes like LGBT programming. There are six private channels (Ecuavisa, Teleamazonas, RTS, Telerama, RTU, Radio y Televisión Unidas, Latele and Oromar Televisión) and four government-run channels (TC Televisión, Gama TV, Canal Uno and Ecuador","title":"Television in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17353338","text":"Banana production in Ecuador Banana production in Ecuador is important to the national economy. Ecuador is one of the world's top banana producers, ranked 5th with an annual production of 8 million tonnes (6% of world production) as of 2011. The country exports more than 4 million tonnes annually. The crop is mostly grown on private plantations which sell their crop to national and international companies such as Chiquita, Del Monte, Dole, and Noboa. and others. Production of bananas began in Ecuador in 1910. However, the industry did not experience a boom until 1948, when the government of President Galo","title":"Banana production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"10065824","text":"praise for the film) focused on the fact that the movie's plot made no sense, noting at one point that when Hackman's character said \"I've done a lot of bad things in my life, but I ain't going to do that\" the question of \"What is he not going to do?\" was neither established nor answered. According to Lew Grade, who helped finance the film, it \"broke even.\" The Domino Principle The Domino Principle is a 1977 thriller film starring Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, Mickey Rooney and Richard Widmark. The film is based on the novel of the same name","title":"The Domino Principle"},{"docid":"12270533","text":"occurred throughout the country with new small plantations reaching a certain degree of development, allowing coffee export for the economic growth of the nation. This phenomenon occurred almost on par with cocoa production. In 1903, the cultivation of coffee fell, but two years later, it began to grow again, with Ecuador commencing export to several European countries from the port of Manta. In 1935, the exports rose to 220,000 \"sacos\", 552,000 in 1960, nearly doubling to 1,018,000 in 1975, and 1,810,000 in 1985. However, due to economic recession in the 1990s, coffee export reduced slightly. In 2001, it had grown","title":"Coffee production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"2929433","text":"the county of the same name) features the biggest Inca ruins in Ecuador. One of the festivities celebrated in Cuenca and in other parts of Ecuador is \"El Carnaval\" This is celebrated three days prior to Ash Wednesday. Families get together to celebrate what started as a \"pagan ritual\". Now it is celebrated by wetting friends and random people with water balloons and spraying \"Carioca\" a non staining foam. Cuenca's inter-provincial bus station, called the Terminal Terrestre as it is in most cities, is well organized and clean. It is located on Avenida España in the northeastern corner of the","title":"Cuenca, Ecuador"},{"docid":"19895429","text":"thus operate outside regulatory framework, which exacerbates corruption. In 2016, Kathleen Peddicord wrote in \"U.S. News\" that small-scale corruption is widespread in Ecuador. “I've been short-changed in Ecuador dozens of times over the years,” she wrote. “Each time, the wrong change was politely explained as an honest mistake, but the mistake has never been in my favor. On the other hand, in Uruguay, Chile and Colombia, I've never been short-changed in all the years I've spent time in those countries.” Ecuador has many laws against corruption and several bodies that are tasked with fighting it, but these laws and bodies","title":"Corruption in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14375499","text":"Ecuador hosts an ATP World Tour 250 series event, the Ecuador Open Quito as part of the south-American summer clay-court circuit. Ecuador has competed in eleven Summer Olympic Games. They participated in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 2018. The nation from South America won its first Olympic medal, when Jefferson Pérez won the gold medal in the Men's 20 km Walk. The Ecuadorian Olympic Committee was created in 1948 and recognized by the IOC in 1959. Basketball has a high profile, especially at amateur (high school and college) level as an alternative to football. It is","title":"Sport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18590355","text":"Terrorism in Ecuador Terrorism in Ecuador is a rare occurrence as the country, despite recurrent periods of economic and political instability, has been traditionally known as a peaceful state in Latin America, unlike its neighbor states; Peru and Colombia, which have suffered widespread violence by insurgent, paramilitary and drug trafficking organizations (all using terror tactics) in different degrees for more than fifty years. Attacks in Ecuador have traditionally been carried out by small domestic organizations (both known and anonymous) as well as, in a lesser degree, foreign Colombian groups operating within Ecuador's borders. A number of terror organizations have been","title":"Terrorism in Ecuador"},{"docid":"14375498","text":"international football games at or higher than 2,500m above sea level. Ecuador, Bolivia and other South American countries issued a joint letter of protest against this ruling. Ecuador qualified for the finals tournaments of both the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup. Ecuador finished ahead of Poland and Costa Rica, to come second to Germany in Group A, in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. There is a considerable interest in tennis in the middle and upper classes in Ecuadorian society, and several Ecuadorian professional players have attained international fame, including Nicolás Lapentti, Francisco Segura, and Andrés Gómez. As of 2015,","title":"Sport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18333534","text":"yet resource-rich countries in sub-Saharan Africa. President Correa has publicly complained about China’s guarantee demands of the loans, calling it “attempts against the sovereignty of Ecuador”. During these public denouncements however, Correa’s administration was secretly signing a letter allowing PetroChina to seize assets from any oil companies operating in Ecuador in the event that Ecuador would not pay back its loans to China in full. Even more worrying is the “Four Party Agreement” from August 2010, signed by PetroEcuador, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Finance, PetroChina and the Chinese Development Bank. Article 15 of that contract has what Analytica Investments calls","title":"China–Ecuador relations"},{"docid":"18948031","text":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"docid":"11224457","text":"Republic and Haiti, initially lured by smugglers promising a better life, have documents confiscated, debts imposed, and are forced into prostitution. Ecuador is also a destination for Colombian, Peruvian, Dominican, Venezuelan, Mexican, Haitian, Paraguayan, and Cuban women and girls exploited in sex trafficking. Traffickers used Ecuador as a transit route for trafficking victims from Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Sex traffickers use emotional relationships and job offers to recruit victims and prey on vulnerabilities such as prior domestic and sexual violence. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons class Ecuador as","title":"Prostitution in Ecuador"},{"docid":"18948032","text":"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,","title":"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy"},{"docid":"13979822","text":"conducts a national survey to determine conclusions about the malnutrition rates in Ecuador. 1960s: More limited studies about malnutrition rates are conducted. late 1960s: 40% of preschool children show some degree of malnutrition. 30% of children under 12 years of age are malnourished and 15% are anemic. late 1980s: Childhood mortality decreases to .9% 1991: Health officials in Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile banned entry of uncooked food from Peru, particularly fish, which reduced the spread of many diseases in Ecuador. 2010: Dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Ecuador. Life expectancy at birth: 78 years Childhood mortality (per 1000 live births): 24","title":"Health in Ecuador"},{"docid":"120177","text":"Transport in Ecuador Transportation in Ecuador uses six transportation methods to transport passengers and freight (more specifically, oil). They are aviation, highways, pipelines, ports and harbors, railways, and waterways 359 (2006 est.) The Sierra Region still plays an important role in transportation throughout the country. The Pan-American Highway crosses it from North to South. Ecuador has managed to update some roads into 4-lane freeways: <br>\"total:\" 31 ships ( or over) totaling / <br>\"ships by type:\" (2006 est.) \"Foreign-owned:\" 2 \"Registered in other countries\" 1 \"total:\" 812 km (single track) <br>\"narrow gauge:\" 812 km gauge There is a proposed rail connection","title":"Transport in Ecuador"},{"docid":"13979823","text":"Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1000 population): 206/123 There are many prevalent diseases in Ecuador, mainly due to environmental conditions, geographical location, and lack of health care. Specific health problems that are common in Ecuador: infant mortality, acute respiratory infection, diarrhetic diseases, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, health problems due to smoking, malnutrition. In Ecuador, there are approximately 14000 cases of TB per year. The HIV prevalence rate among persons aged 15–49 is 0.3%. Stunting from chronic malnutrition affects 26% of children under 5. There are approximately 686 malaria cases per 100,000 people. Health has","title":"Health in Ecuador"},{"docid":"17510114","text":"of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept the 165 Jewish refugees from Germany aboard the ship \"Koenigstein,\" Ecuador granted them entry permits. Nevertheless, the country eventually gave way to a policy of selectivity. Jewish immigration to Ecuador were supposed to be employed in the agricultural realm, but the authorities soon surmised that the immigrants were actually merchants, industrialists, and businessmen, and were not farming. As a result, in 1938 legislation was passed compelling any Jew not engaged in agriculture or industry to leave the","title":"History of the Jews in Ecuador"},{"docid":"6940349","text":"every need, but potential young adults with the ability to defer gratification in favor of more suitable circumstances. What is dominant in the mind is no longer only what is pleasurable, but what is real, even if it happens to be disagreeable. A further change in the reality principle from adolescence to adulthood can be a critical transition in its consolidation; but the impact of certain traumatic experiences may prove to be detrimental from within the unconscious. In the new reality principle, the individual must find themselves to be represented as a strong presence within their own mind and making","title":"Reality principle"},{"docid":"739271","text":"using Bernoulli’s equation since the air above and below are \"different\" flow fields and Bernoulli's principle only applies within a flow field. As the wording of the principle can change its implications, stating the principle correctly is important. What Bernoulli's principle actually says is that within a flow of constant energy, when fluid flows through a region of lower pressure it speeds up and vice versa. Thus, Bernoulli's principle concerns itself with \"changes\" in speed and \"changes\" in pressure \"within\" a flow field. It cannot be used to compare different flow fields. A correct explanation of why the paper rises","title":"Bernoulli's principle"},{"docid":"17353345","text":"GDP. Of this export, bananas were primarily destined for the United States, the largest importer (24 percent), followed by the European Union accounting for 17 percent. However, the European Union, is insistent on signing a trade deal which Ecuador has so far refused to sign. This has created fear among the farming community in Ecuador for their livelihoods. Although there are 300 varieties of bananas grown in Ecuador, the widely grown variety is Cavendish, which can be grown at high densities but are susceptible to pest, mould and other diseases, and spraying the plant with chemicals and pesticides is an","title":"Banana production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"6520407","text":"Reflection principle In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a reflection principle says that it is possible to find sets that resemble the class of all sets. There are several different forms of the reflection principle depending on exactly what is meant by \"resemble\". Weak forms of the reflection principle are theorems of ZF set theory due to , while stronger forms can be new and very powerful axioms for set theory. The name \"reflection principle\" comes from the fact that properties of the universe of all sets are \"reflected\" down to a smaller set. A naive version of the","title":"Reflection principle"},{"docid":"12270536","text":"companies. Agriculturists dedicated to this activity, as well as the extension of exports, make important contributions to the Ecuadorian economy. , Ecuadorian coffee is exported to 29 countries worldwide, with Russia, Poland, Germany, Colombia, Italy, and the Netherlands accounting for over 80 percent of the total export volume. Coffee production in Ecuador Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country,","title":"Coffee production in Ecuador"},{"docid":"11776947","text":"Domestic violence in Ecuador Although prohibited by law, domestic violence in Ecuador is widespread. Family courts can impose fines for domestic violence, and have the power to remove an abusive spouse from the home. Ecuador has created specialized judicial units under the Ministry of Justice, with judges specializing in family violence. Serious cases of abuse can be referred to the Office of the Public Prosecutor for prosecution. The extent of domestic violence is difficult to estimate, due to differing definitions of abuse and due to problems with self reporting in studies. In a 2008 survey, 32.4% of the women interviewed","title":"Domestic violence in Ecuador"},{"docid":"2719968","text":"Variational principle A variational principle is a scientific principle used within the calculus of variations, which develops general methods for finding functions which extremize the value of quantities that depend upon those functions. For example, to answer this question: \"What is the shape of a chain suspended at both ends?\" we can use the variational principle that the shape must minimize the gravitational potential energy. Any physical law which can be expressed as a variational principle describes a self-adjoint operator. These expressions are also called Hermitian. Such an expression describes an invariant under a Hermitian transformation. Felix Klein's Erlangen program","title":"Variational principle"},{"docid":"3085866","text":"the effect that each proposition valid over R, is also valid over *R, is called the transfer principle. There are several different versions of the transfer principle, depending on what model of non-standard mathematics is being used. In terms of model theory, the transfer principle states that a map from a standard model to a non-standard model is an elementary embedding (an embedding preserving the truth values of all statements in a language), or sometimes a \"bounded\" elementary embedding (similar, but only for statements with bounded quantifiers). The transfer principle appears to lead to contradictions if it is not handled","title":"Transfer principle"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"14537459\",\n \"text\": \"support for the Ecuadorian \\\"Yasuni-ITT program\\\" to receive international funds in order not to transition to sustainable energy. Ecuador and Iran have also cooperated in the port, agriculture and auto industries. In 2010, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) named both Ecuador and Iran as countries failing to comply with international regulations against money laundering and financing terrorism. It said Ecuador had not \\\"constructively engaged\\\" with the body and was \\\"not committed\\\" to global standards on money crimes. Correa was quick to condemn the move: \\\"What arrogance! And why? Because we have relations with Iran. That's it. This is imperialism\",\n \"title\": \"Ecuador–Iran relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12206710\",\n \"text\": \"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, also Native Ecuadorians or Native Americans, are the groups of people who were present in what became Ecuador before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The term also includes their descendants from the time of the Spanish conquest to the present. Their history, which encompasses the last 11,000 years, reaches into the present; 25 percent of Ecuador's population is of indigenous heritage, while another 70 percent is of mixed indigenous and European heritage. The first inhabitants of the Americas migrated from Asia across the Beringia land bridge. The first inhabitants of South\",\n \"title\": \"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3211109\",\n \"text\": \"Manta, Ecuador Manta is a mid-sized city in Manabí Province, Ecuador. It is the second most populous city in the province, the fifth most populous in the country. Manta has existed since Pre-Columbian times. It was a trading post for the Mantas. According to the 2001 census, the city had 192,322 inhabitants. Its main economic activity is tuna fishing. Other economic activities include tourism and a chemical industry with products from cleaning supplies to oils and margarine. Manta possesses the largest seaport in Ecuador. The port was used by Charles Marie de La Condamine upon his arrival in Ecuador when\",\n \"title\": \"Manta, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5238493\",\n \"text\": \"Ecuador. Esmeraldas is well known around Latin America given the large number of locals that have historically played in the Ecuadorian national football team. The port of Esmeraldas is economically important for the northern part of Ecuador, and the port of Balao is an important oil processing facility. Exports from Esmeraldas include wood and wood chips, bananas, and other agricultural products. The soil allows the production of rice, maize, African Palm, albacá and a variety of tropical fruits. Among the main forest species are: chanul, raft, laurel, sande, guayacán, and tangaré. Cattle and pig rearing are also important. The fishing\",\n \"title\": \"Esmeraldas, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5238497\",\n \"text\": \"La Unión - Muisne - Esmeraldas - Quinindé (Rosa Zarate) that lead to Santo Domingo and Quito. The Quito - San Lorenzo rail network is still in use. The \\\"Carlos Concha Torres\\\" International Airport offers both national and international services to Cali, Colombia. Esmeraldas, Ecuador Esmeraldas () is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international sea port and a small airport (IATA location identifier: ESM). Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth\",\n \"title\": \"Esmeraldas, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18912900\",\n \"text\": \"for certain what were the purposes for which it was built this building of origin Inca-Carari, the only criterion on which coincide several historians and archaeologists is that it was built under the exclusive orders of Huayna Cápac, during campaigns of conquest that her father Túpac Yupanqui, began years ago, to the territories that now comprise southern Ecuador. Apparently it played a major role in the Inca military strategies, as outpost and supply of troops to the north of Ecuador, but his most important goal was that of being a place of worship and veneration of the sun, the most\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5238492\",\n \"text\": \"Esmeraldas, Ecuador Esmeraldas () is a coastal city in northwestern Ecuador. It is the seat of the Esmeraldas Canton and capital of the Esmeraldas Province. It has an international sea port and a small airport (IATA location identifier: ESM). Esmeraldas is the major seaport of northwestern Ecuador, and it lies on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Esmeraldas River. It is exactly at the antipodes of Padang, Indonesia. The city is the principal trading hub for the region's agricultural and lumber resources, and is the terminus of the 313-mile (504-km) Trans-Ecuadorian Pipeline from the oil fields in northeastern\",\n \"title\": \"Esmeraldas, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3211118\",\n \"text\": \"weakens. Manta has one sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International: Manta, Ecuador Manta is a mid-sized city in Manabí Province, Ecuador. It is the second most populous city in the province, the fifth most populous in the country. Manta has existed since Pre-Columbian times. It was a trading post for the Mantas. According to the 2001 census, the city had 192,322 inhabitants. Its main economic activity is tuna fishing. Other economic activities include tourism and a chemical industry with products from cleaning supplies to oils and margarine. Manta possesses the largest seaport in Ecuador. The port was used\",\n \"title\": \"Manta, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120073\",\n \"text\": \"and bringing focus on poverty. The 2007-8 Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly drafted the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador, approved via the Ecuadorian constitutional referendum, 2008. In November 2009, Ecuador faced an energy crisis that led to power rationing across the country. History of Ecuador The History of Ecuador extends over an 8,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador. The history can be divided into five eras: Pre-Columbian, the Conquest, the Colonial Period, the War of Independence, Gran Colombia, and Simón Bolívar the final separation of his vision into what is\",\n \"title\": \"History of Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12206753\",\n \"text\": \"discriminatory challenge. Indians often feel vulnerable and predisposed to physical and verbal attacks, which cause them to be more reserved and avoid contact with whites. An indigenous witness claimed he was told to leave a restaurant because “no Indians [were] admitted to [that] locale”. Racism can be seen such as travelling in public transportation, interactions in public spaces, and the yearning to be white from Indians. Indigenous peoples in Ecuador Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, also Native Ecuadorians or Native Americans, are the groups of people who were present in what became Ecuador before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The\",\n \"title\": \"Indigenous peoples in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12125142\",\n \"text\": \"Quito, Ecuador. It is the oldest university in Ecuador, established in 1826 and one of the oldest in the Americas. The enrollment is over 10,000 students per year. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) (English:\\\"Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador\\\") is a Pontifical Catholic university located in Quito, Ecuador. The 2008 Constitution of Ecuador eliminated tuition in public universities. Starting in 2012, admission to the country’s 29 public universities will be based on an aptitude test. Education in Ecuador The Ecuadorian Constitution requires that all children attend school until they achieve a “basic level of education,” which is estimated at nine\",\n \"title\": \"Education in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120006\",\n \"text\": \"History of Ecuador The History of Ecuador extends over an 8,000-year period. During this time a variety of cultures and territories influenced what has become the Republic of Ecuador. The history can be divided into five eras: Pre-Columbian, the Conquest, the Colonial Period, the War of Independence, Gran Colombia, and Simón Bolívar the final separation of his vision into what is known today as the Republic of Ecuador. During the pre-Inca period, people lived in ans, which formed great tribes, some allied with each other to form powerful confederations, as the Confederation of Quito. But none of these confederations could\",\n \"title\": \"History of Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120079\",\n \"text\": \"city in the country. On the north coast of Ecuador the port of Balao in Esmeraldas is used for oil export and the port of Manta was formerly used by the United States Air Force as a control point for narcotics traffic control until 2009. The central belt of Ecuador that includes the Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude zone may be found cloud forests. The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11782010\",\n \"text\": \"2008, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported having 185,663 members in Ecuador. The \\\"Jesus Name Apostolic Church of Ecuador\\\" (Iglesia Evangelica Apostolica del Nombre de Jesus) is the largest Apostolic/Pentecostal church in Ecuador with more than 100,000 members in Ecuador. Considered a Missionary Church they have churches and missions in Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela, San Salvador, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Israel. The \\\"Jewish Community of Ecuador\\\" (Comunidad Judía del Ecuador) has its seat in Quito and has approximately 290 members. Nevertheless, this number is declining because young people leave the country towards the United\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2719969\",\n \"text\": \"attempted to identify such invariants under a group of transformations. In what is referred to in physics as Noether's theorem, the Poincaré group of transformations (what is now called a gauge group) for general relativity defines symmetries under a group of transformations which depend on a variational principle, or action principle. Variational principle A variational principle is a scientific principle used within the calculus of variations, which develops general methods for finding functions which extremize the value of quantities that depend upon those functions. For example, to answer this question: \\\"What is the shape of a chain suspended at both\",\n \"title\": \"Variational principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11782007\",\n \"text\": \"Religion in Ecuador Religion in Ecuador is an expression of the different cultural heritages in Ecuadorian culture, including those stemming from the Spanish colonization, Native Amerindians and Afro-Ecuadorians. Christianity is the largest religion in Ecuador. Among the old churches are new ones and many more being built by the Catholic Church. The Evangelical Missionary Union represents many Protestants in Ecuador; Anglican churches in Ecuador belong to Province 9 of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. Other religions are present in small numbers: Eastern Orthodoxy, Mormonism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. According to Latinobarómetro in 2017 equadorians returned following\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15912422\",\n \"text\": \"Surfing in Ecuador Ecuador has many beaches for surfing: the coast of Ecuador is 2,237 km (1,390 miles) long. Surfable waves are available in Ecuador year-round, and surfers enjoy the mild year-round weather, especially in the northern region where the weather conditions attract many surfers from all over the world. Within this part of South America, Ecuador's neighbors Chile and Peru also offer great surfing. Many surfers in Ecuador use a protective wetsuit. Surf tourism is very important to the local economy, and the beaches offer significant enjoyment because of top quality waves combined with afforable prices for lodging and\",\n \"title\": \"Surfing in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20094389\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a political actor instead of an impartial observer of the country’s communications environment\\\". The move was later reversed. Censorship in Ecuador Censorship in Ecuador refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in Ecuador. In the \\\"Freedom of the Press Report 2016\\\" by Freedom House, the press in Ecuador is classified as \\\"not free\\\". The \\\"2016 World Press Freedom Index\\\" by Reporters Without Borders placed Ecuador in the \\\"noticeable problems\\\" category for press freedom, ranking the country 109 out of 180. Ecuador’s \\\"Organic Law on Communications\\\" was passed in June 2013. The law recognizes a right\",\n \"title\": \"Censorship in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20094381\",\n \"text\": \"Censorship in Ecuador Censorship in Ecuador refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in Ecuador. In the \\\"Freedom of the Press Report 2016\\\" by Freedom House, the press in Ecuador is classified as \\\"not free\\\". The \\\"2016 World Press Freedom Index\\\" by Reporters Without Borders placed Ecuador in the \\\"noticeable problems\\\" category for press freedom, ranking the country 109 out of 180. Ecuador’s \\\"Organic Law on Communications\\\" was passed in June 2013. The law recognizes a right to communication. Media companies are required to collect and store user information. “Media lynching”, which appears to extend\",\n \"title\": \"Censorship in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18695257\",\n \"text\": \"Ecuador knowing that they could be targeted by corrupt law enforcement officials.\\\" Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army. Foreign groups include the Colombian groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN). Although prohibited by law, domestic violence in Ecuador is a human rights problem. In a 2008 survey, 32.4% of the women interviewed aged 15–49 said they had suffered physical or sexual violence by a current or former partner. Crime in Ecuador Crime in\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15912423\",\n \"text\": \"food compared to other surf destinations. There's also a national marine reserve off the coast, which has a gigantic whale population. Some of the most popular surfing spots in Ecuador, which also have links to their own Wikipedia pages, include: Surfing in Ecuador Ecuador has many beaches for surfing: the coast of Ecuador is 2,237 km (1,390 miles) long. Surfable waves are available in Ecuador year-round, and surfers enjoy the mild year-round weather, especially in the northern region where the weather conditions attract many surfers from all over the world. Within this part of South America, Ecuador's neighbors Chile and\",\n \"title\": \"Surfing in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14801879\",\n \"text\": \"Smoking in Ecuador Smoking in Ecuador is more common among men and younger people. More than half of Ecuadorian smokers desire to quit. The Government of Ecuador plans to reduce second-hand smoke in public spaces by 2012. The tobacco industry in Ecuador includes the major players of Tabacalera Andina SA (a subsidiary of Philip Morris International Inc) and British American Tobacco (South America) Ltd. Smoking is expected to decrease as the government enacts laws and the public becomes more aware of the dangers of smoking. Smoking is common in bars and dance clubs, but non-smoking signs in restaurants in Quito\",\n \"title\": \"Smoking in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120169\",\n \"text\": \"Telecommunications in Ecuador Telecommunications in Ecuador include telephone, radio, television, and the Internet. Ecuador's state regulatory agency is the National Telecommunications Council (CONATEL), which is part of the Telecommunications Ministry (MINTEL). There are three cell phone providers in Ecuador: Claro (Telcel), Movistar, and CNT. Mobile networks are diverse and include GSM 850 MHz (largest) as well as CDMA (Bell South's old network before being acquired by Telefónica Spain which rebranded Movistar), TDMA63. CNT is the state owned firm and uses CDMA. Ecuador has multiple TV networks and many local channels, as well as more than 300 radio stations. Many TV\",\n \"title\": \"Telecommunications in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18912852\",\n \"text\": \"tourist attractions of Ecuador; undoubtedly, it is the most known and famous attractive of the country. Currently the number of visitors to the Galápagos reaches about 200 000 tourists per year. Administratively, the islands are a province of Ecuador, whose capital is Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (officially, also is called \\\"Insular Region of Ecuador\\\"). On 12 February 1832, under the presidency of Juan José Flores, the Galápagos Islands were annexed to Ecuador. Since 18 February 1973 constitute a province of this country. It is estimated that the formation of the first island took place more than 5 million years ago, as\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18695256\",\n \"text\": \"Crime in Ecuador Crime in Ecuador is investigated by the Ecuadorian police. In 2012, Ecuador had a murder rate of 12.4 per 100,000 population. There were a total of 1,924 murders in Ecuador in 2012. By 2014, this had decreased to 8.23 per 100,000, with 1,309 murders recorded that year. In a 2009 diplomatic cable from the United States diplomatic cables leak released by WikiLeaks and published by El País in April 2011, U.S. Ambassador Heather Hodges said that \\\"corruption among Ecuadorian National Police officers is widespread and well-known\\\" and that \\\"U.S. investors are reluctant to risk their resources in\",\n \"title\": \"Crime in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14801881\",\n \"text\": \"tobacco use are required to cover at least 60% of product packaging. Later in the year, the government raised its taxation on tobacco, becoming the nation with the highest rate in Latin America. Smoking in Ecuador Smoking in Ecuador is more common among men and younger people. More than half of Ecuadorian smokers desire to quit. The Government of Ecuador plans to reduce second-hand smoke in public spaces by 2012. The tobacco industry in Ecuador includes the major players of Tabacalera Andina SA (a subsidiary of Philip Morris International Inc) and British American Tobacco (South America) Ltd. Smoking is expected\",\n \"title\": \"Smoking in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17380096\",\n \"text\": \"home to many American retirees who settled there for its scenery and weather. Many retirees there have been accepted into the local community rather than being stereotyped as part of the American enclave. American schools in Ecuador: Americans in Ecuador Americans in Ecuador consists of immigrants and expatriates from the United States to Ecuador mostly retirees. It is estimated that about 5,000 to 10,000 American expatriates now live in the country. Cuenca is home to many retirees from all over the United States. They were drawn there by quality health care, a booming social scene and a low cost of\",\n \"title\": \"Americans in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18943476\",\n \"text\": \"Colombia–Ecuador border The Colombia–Ecuador border is an international boundary between the territories of Colombia and Ecuador. It consists of two sections, one terrestrial and one marine, well-defined: The first section is a continuous line of 586 kilometres, running from east to west (from the Güepí River to the mouth of the river Mataje in Ancon de Sardinas Bay in the Pacific Ocean). It is about 28% of what was once the border between Colombia and Ecuador after the disintegration of the Great Colombia in 1830.3 Current land border was demarcated permanently by Muñoz-Suárez Vernaza Treaty on 15 July 1916. The\",\n \"title\": \"Colombia–Ecuador border\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13979826\",\n \"text\": \"pose the same threats. 21.9% of households in Ecuador do not have access to clean drinking water. 5% of wastewater is treated. 48% of households have sewer systems. There are high amounts of air pollution in Ecuador. This can result in air-born illnesses and respiratory problems. Health in Ecuador Ecuador contains three distinct climatic regions: Tropical, Highland or Sierra and Amazon rain forest. The health conditions of this country vary according to these regions. In the sierras, in cities such as Quito or Cuenca where most Ecuadorians live, health conditions most commonly associated with the tropics do not exist. For\",\n \"title\": \"Health in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18590356\",\n \"text\": \"inactive for several years. Domestic terrorist groups present in Ecuador, although some have been operationally inactive in the last few years, include the Popular Combatants Group (PCG), the Revolutionary Militia of the People, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Ecuador, and the Alfarista Liberation Army. Foreign groups include the Colombian groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN). Terrorism in Ecuador Terrorism in Ecuador is a rare occurrence as the country, despite recurrent periods of economic and political instability, has been traditionally known as a peaceful state in Latin America, unlike its neighbor states; Peru and Colombia, which\",\n \"title\": \"Terrorism in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19895434\",\n \"text\": \"along with other Latin American and Caribbean countries, issued the Quito Declaration, which emphasized the importance of combatting corruption more seriously. Ecuador has also signed reciprocal corruption-fighting agreements with Belgium, Cuba, Mexico, and other countries. Corruption in Ecuador Corruption in Ecuador is a highly serious problem. In 2014, the U.S. Department of State cited Ecuador's corruption as a key human-rights problem. According to Freedom House, “Ecuador has long been racked by corruption” and the weak judicial oversight and investigative resources perpetuate a culture of impunity. In 2012, \\\"The Daily Mail\\\" called the country “a hotbed of corruption” and stated that\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120178\",\n \"text\": \"with Colombia. On 5 July 2008 a meeting took place between Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador regarding a railway for freight and passengers to link the three countries, and linking the Pacific with the Atlantic also. There is no railway service to Peru. Transport in Ecuador Transportation in Ecuador uses six transportation methods to transport passengers and freight (more specifically, oil). They are aviation, highways, pipelines, ports and harbors, railways, and waterways 359 (2006 est.) The Sierra Region still plays an important role in transportation throughout the country. The Pan-American Highway crosses it from North to South. Ecuador has managed to\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4851895\",\n \"text\": \"a medley with What Have You Done for Me Lately & Control. The Pleasure Principle (song) \\\"The Pleasure Principle\\\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson, recorded for her third studio album, \\\"Control\\\" (1986). It was written by and produced by Monte Moir, and was released as the sixth single from the album on May 12, 1987 by A&M Records. \\\"The Pleasure Principle\\\" is an \\\"independent woman\\\" anthem about love gone wrong built around a dance beat. The photo for the single cover was shot by fashion photographer David LaChapelle. The accompanying music video for \\\"The Pleasure Principle\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"The Pleasure Principle (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17371048\",\n \"text\": \"of rape. In recent years, being confronted with the highest teenage pregnancy rate in South America, Ecuador has decided to liberalize its policy regarding contraception, including emergency contraception. Domestic violence against women is a very serious problem. \\\"La Ley Contra la Violencia a la Mujer y la Familia\\\" (Law on Violence against Women and the Family) deals with domestic violence. This law was heavily influenced by the \\\"Consejo Nacional de las Mujeres CONAMU\\\" (National Council of Women) and by what they believe in and stand for. A rough translation of their missions statement is to further enable our efforts and\",\n \"title\": \"Women in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13844643\",\n \"text\": \"messages with an explicit structure, such as XML. Horton Principle The Horton Principle is a design rule for cryptographic systems and can be expressed as \\\"Authenticate what is being meant, not what is being said\\\". The principle is named after the title character in the Dr. Seuss children's book \\\"Horton Hatches the Egg\\\". The Horton Principle becomes important when using Message Authentication Codes (or MACs) in a cryptographic system. Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she uses a MAC to authenticate a message \\\"m\\\" that was made by concatenating three data fields, where \\\"m\\\" := \\\"a\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Horton Principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13844641\",\n \"text\": \"Horton Principle The Horton Principle is a design rule for cryptographic systems and can be expressed as \\\"Authenticate what is being meant, not what is being said\\\". The principle is named after the title character in the Dr. Seuss children's book \\\"Horton Hatches the Egg\\\". The Horton Principle becomes important when using Message Authentication Codes (or MACs) in a cryptographic system. Suppose Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she uses a MAC to authenticate a message \\\"m\\\" that was made by concatenating three data fields, where \\\"m\\\" := \\\"a\\\" || \\\"b\\\" || \\\"c\\\". Bob needs to know\",\n \"title\": \"Horton Principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12843354\",\n \"text\": \"abortion were under investigation. In 2015, Ecuador was urged by CEDAW to decriminalize abortion in cases of rape and incest (under current law abortion in this case is legal only if the woman is mentally disabled) and severe fetal impairment (which is also illegal). Abortion in Ecuador Abortion in Ecuador is illegal except when performed in the case of a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman (when this threat cannot be averted by other means) or when the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime against a mentally disabled woman and her legal representative has\",\n \"title\": \"Abortion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12125141\",\n \"text\": \"EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irradiation facilities like cobalt-60 source and electron beam processing. Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ main campus is located in Cumbayá, outside of Quito, where students use a library, education and research laboratories, classrooms, and seven restaurants. USFQ is the only university in the world that owns a campus in the Galapagos Islands, and a campus in the Yasuni Biosphere Reserve (Tiputini Biodiversity Station), one of Earth's most biodiverse area. The Central University of Ecuador (Spanish: Universidad Central del Ecuador) is a national university located in\",\n \"title\": \"Education in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3006893\",\n \"text\": \"person is truly isolated from others and that most actions do affect other people in important ways. The ethical question as to what extent there should be constraints on free speech is often grounded in both the harm principle and the offense principle. If the exercise of free speech can be causally linked to violence or similar physical harm, it is constrained under the harm principle. Free speech actions such as burning a flag or holding controversial rallies usually fall under the offense principle instead, based on the corresponding question of what constitutes harm (or, alternately, weighing harm caused by\",\n \"title\": \"Harm principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19895410\",\n \"text\": \"Corruption in Ecuador Corruption in Ecuador is a highly serious problem. In 2014, the U.S. Department of State cited Ecuador's corruption as a key human-rights problem. According to Freedom House, “Ecuador has long been racked by corruption” and the weak judicial oversight and investigative resources perpetuate a culture of impunity. In 2012, \\\"The Daily Mail\\\" called the country “a hotbed of corruption” and stated that corruption “is widespread in the government, judiciary and police.” According to one report, “institutionalized graft has become a driving force” of Ecuador's economy, and that this graft “is flourishing in a vacuum of transparency or\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12843353\",\n \"text\": \"Abortion in Ecuador Abortion in Ecuador is illegal except when performed in the case of a threat to the life or health of a pregnant woman (when this threat cannot be averted by other means) or when the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime against a mentally disabled woman and her legal representative has consented. The Ministry of Public Health provides guidelines on therapeutic abortion. In Ecuador, there is strong political opposition to abortion; in 2013 then president Rafael Correa threatened to resign if the abortion law was liberalized. As of 2015, nearly 100 criminal cases of illegal\",\n \"title\": \"Abortion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19852653\",\n \"text\": \"is 10 grams of marijuana or hash. Cannabis in Ecuador Cannabis in Ecuador is legal for personal consumption in quantities of up to 10 grams. The sale of marijuana is illegal. According to the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador in its Article 364 the Ecuadorian state does not see drug consumption as a crime but only as a health concern. Since June 2013 the State drugs regulatory office CONSEP has published a table which establishes maximum quantities carried by persons so as to be considered in legal possession and that person as not a seller of drugs. The amount of cannabis\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19852652\",\n \"text\": \"Cannabis in Ecuador Cannabis in Ecuador is legal for personal consumption in quantities of up to 10 grams. The sale of marijuana is illegal. According to the 2008 Constitution of Ecuador in its Article 364 the Ecuadorian state does not see drug consumption as a crime but only as a health concern. Since June 2013 the State drugs regulatory office CONSEP has published a table which establishes maximum quantities carried by persons so as to be considered in legal possession and that person as not a seller of drugs. The amount of cannabis that is allowed as personal consumption quantity\",\n \"title\": \"Cannabis in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15237579\",\n \"text\": \"French citizen has to have forgotten the massacre of Saint Bartholomew, or the massacre that took place in the South in the thirteenth century. While many nations, such as France, begin with a feudal regime such as a monarchy, others, such as the United States and Switzerland, are formed by acts of consensual aggregation. France and many others, however, survived their feudal roots while maintaining their identity. Renan inquires what is the organizing principle? It can't be race, because France is \\\"Celt, Iberian, German...The most noble countries, England, France and Italy, are the ones where the blood is most mixed.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is a Nation?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17380095\",\n \"text\": \"Americans in Ecuador Americans in Ecuador consists of immigrants and expatriates from the United States to Ecuador mostly retirees. It is estimated that about 5,000 to 10,000 American expatriates now live in the country. Cuenca is home to many retirees from all over the United States. They were drawn there by quality health care, a booming social scene and a low cost of living. Americans first came to Cuenca in a slow trickle and many years later a deluge of retirees began settling there. The mayor of Cuenca estimated that about 4,000 Americans are now living there. Loja is also\",\n \"title\": \"Americans in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18912849\",\n \"text\": \"Tourism in Ecuador Ecuador is a country with vast natural and cultural wealth. The diversity of its four regions has resulted in hundreds of thousands of species of flora and fauna. It has about 1640 species of birds. The species of butterflies line the 4,500, the 345 reptiles, 358 amphibians and 258 mammals, among others. Ecuador is considered one of the 17 countries where the greatest biodiversity of the planet is concentrated. Most of its flora and fauna live in 26 areas protected by the State. It also offers historical attractions such as Quito, food and a variety of cultures\",\n \"title\": \"Tourism in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13979816\",\n \"text\": \"the form of mostly smaller, doctor-owned health clinics. Private health insurance can be purchased but, as in many countries, is largely used by those of middle and upper income groups. Ecuador has benefited from the Cuban system of medical education sending over 100 students per year (for over 10 years) to the Escuela de Medicina Latinoamericana at no cost to the government of Ecuador or the students. A requirement of the program is that 50% of these students be women. Before returning to practice in Ecuador, it is common for these doctors to complete specialized residencies in the major cities\",\n \"title\": \"Health in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17510106\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador Ecuadorian Jews are a small Jewish community in the territory of today's Ecuador. They form one of the smallest Jewish communities in South America. In 1580 occurs in the Iberian peninsula union of the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, and King Philip II of Spain is the only heir to the throne of that kingdom. Many Portuguese \\\"suspicious of their faith\\\" begin to enter the Viceroyalty of Peru by the newly founded city in which surveillance Inquisition was weaker. The first Jews start arriving in Ecuador in the 16th and 17th centuries. Then union\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12270532\",\n \"text\": \"Coffee production in Ecuador Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country, including in the Galápagos Islands. Historically, the Jipijapa Zone in the province of Manabí has been one of the most prominent places in which coffee has been cultivated in Ecuador. In 1860, coffee grains were introduced there. When Ecuador opened up to foreign trade and commerce, significant changes\",\n \"title\": \"Coffee production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17510112\",\n \"text\": \"the Judaism practiced only in secret at home. Most of these Crypto-Jews still speak Ladino. Some say that Antonio José de Sucre, a leader in the struggle for independence in South America, and the hero of Ecuador, who served both as president of Peru (short term) and as president of Bolivia, is a descendant of those Jews. Certain family names among established Ecuadorian families attest to their Sephardi ancestry and Crypto-Jews; however, prior to World War II there was very little active Jewish immigration to Ecuador. Sephardic names in Ecuador Navon, wise; Moreno , teacher; Gabay, official; Piedra, stone; Amzalag,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20094384\",\n \"text\": \"the following information: full name, phone number, passport number, voting certificate number, email address, and home address. Though originally the constitution allowed freedom of speech and in the press, a 2014 amendment regarded communication in Ecuador as a \\\"public service\\\", potentially allowing the government to become more involved in what is disseminated in the media. Since the establishment of the \\\"Organic Law on Communications\\\" in 2013, \\\"Ecuador’s media regulator, known as SUPERCOM, has issued sanctions in more than 300 cases against media outlets\\\". SUPERCOM and CORDICOM also persecuted numerous figures in the media for not following \\\"vaguely worded content restrictions\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Censorship in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17353353\",\n \"text\": \"them continue to be engaged in child labor in the agricultural sector, namely in the production of bananas. In December 2014 and as far as Ecuador is concerned, bananas are mentioned in the \\\"List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor\\\". Banana production in Ecuador Banana production in Ecuador is important to the national economy. Ecuador is one of the world's top banana producers, ranked 5th with an annual production of 8 million tonnes (6% of world production) as of 2011. The country exports more than 4 million tonnes annually. The crop is mostly grown on private plantations\",\n \"title\": \"Banana production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11782022\",\n \"text\": \"company of fellow converts. Protestantism replaced the patterns of mutual reciprocity characteristic of peasant social relations with a network of sharing and support among fellow believers. This support system extended to migrants; converts who left for the city or the coast sought out their coreligionists for assistance in finding lodging and employment even as Catholics looked to their compadres. Religion in Ecuador Religion in Ecuador is an expression of the different cultural heritages in Ecuadorian culture, including those stemming from the Spanish colonization, Native Amerindians and Afro-Ecuadorians. Christianity is the largest religion in Ecuador. Among the old churches are new\",\n \"title\": \"Religion in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19895433\",\n \"text\": \"Secretariat for Transparency Management coordinates and executes transparency policies in the executive branch, and “create[s] strategies for investigating, processing and reporting corruption issues to the relevant public entities.” There is a Law for the Control of Money Laundering and there are financial disclosure laws as well. There are no laws against bribing foreign officials. Ecuador has ratified the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) and the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (IACAC), though it has not enacted the chief requirements of the IACAC. In addition, Ecuador is a participant in the Andean Plan of Action Against Corruption. In December 2014, Ecuador,\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11656604\",\n \"text\": \"Catorce, Pechiche, Los Angeles and Zulema. San Jacinto Of Buena Fe is an urban parish of Buena Fe Canton, Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Buena Fe, Ecuador Buena Fe a city in Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Its history dates back to 1943 when settlers arrived and Medardo Rosa Espinoza Cabezas Figueroa Carrillo rented a village in what is now the Las Vegas , where they set up a shop which gave the name of Buena Fe (\\\"Good Faith\\\"). Over the years the name became generic, and others soon built their homes in the surrounding areas, gradually forming the village. Having reached\",\n \"title\": \"Buena Fe, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13906820\",\n \"text\": \"Television in Ecuador Television in Ecuador is most important among the country's mass media. Television programming is dominated by telenovelas, series, and news programming. Private and government-run channels coexist at the national, regional, and local levels. Cable channels are also beginning to appear, most of which are exclusive to the companies that operate them. Finally, there are also internet television channels, some of which have specific themes like LGBT programming. There are six private channels (Ecuavisa, Teleamazonas, RTS, Telerama, RTU, Radio y Televisión Unidas, Latele and Oromar Televisión) and four government-run channels (TC Televisión, Gama TV, Canal Uno and Ecuador\",\n \"title\": \"Television in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17353338\",\n \"text\": \"Banana production in Ecuador Banana production in Ecuador is important to the national economy. Ecuador is one of the world's top banana producers, ranked 5th with an annual production of 8 million tonnes (6% of world production) as of 2011. The country exports more than 4 million tonnes annually. The crop is mostly grown on private plantations which sell their crop to national and international companies such as Chiquita, Del Monte, Dole, and Noboa. and others. Production of bananas began in Ecuador in 1910. However, the industry did not experience a boom until 1948, when the government of President Galo\",\n \"title\": \"Banana production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10065824\",\n \"text\": \"praise for the film) focused on the fact that the movie's plot made no sense, noting at one point that when Hackman's character said \\\"I've done a lot of bad things in my life, but I ain't going to do that\\\" the question of \\\"What is he not going to do?\\\" was neither established nor answered. According to Lew Grade, who helped finance the film, it \\\"broke even.\\\" The Domino Principle The Domino Principle is a 1977 thriller film starring Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, Mickey Rooney and Richard Widmark. The film is based on the novel of the same name\",\n \"title\": \"The Domino Principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12270533\",\n \"text\": \"occurred throughout the country with new small plantations reaching a certain degree of development, allowing coffee export for the economic growth of the nation. This phenomenon occurred almost on par with cocoa production. In 1903, the cultivation of coffee fell, but two years later, it began to grow again, with Ecuador commencing export to several European countries from the port of Manta. In 1935, the exports rose to 220,000 \\\"sacos\\\", 552,000 in 1960, nearly doubling to 1,018,000 in 1975, and 1,810,000 in 1985. However, due to economic recession in the 1990s, coffee export reduced slightly. In 2001, it had grown\",\n \"title\": \"Coffee production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2929433\",\n \"text\": \"the county of the same name) features the biggest Inca ruins in Ecuador. One of the festivities celebrated in Cuenca and in other parts of Ecuador is \\\"El Carnaval\\\" This is celebrated three days prior to Ash Wednesday. Families get together to celebrate what started as a \\\"pagan ritual\\\". Now it is celebrated by wetting friends and random people with water balloons and spraying \\\"Carioca\\\" a non staining foam. Cuenca's inter-provincial bus station, called the Terminal Terrestre as it is in most cities, is well organized and clean. It is located on Avenida España in the northeastern corner of the\",\n \"title\": \"Cuenca, Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19895429\",\n \"text\": \"thus operate outside regulatory framework, which exacerbates corruption. In 2016, Kathleen Peddicord wrote in \\\"U.S. News\\\" that small-scale corruption is widespread in Ecuador. “I've been short-changed in Ecuador dozens of times over the years,” she wrote. “Each time, the wrong change was politely explained as an honest mistake, but the mistake has never been in my favor. On the other hand, in Uruguay, Chile and Colombia, I've never been short-changed in all the years I've spent time in those countries.” Ecuador has many laws against corruption and several bodies that are tasked with fighting it, but these laws and bodies\",\n \"title\": \"Corruption in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14375499\",\n \"text\": \"Ecuador hosts an ATP World Tour 250 series event, the Ecuador Open Quito as part of the south-American summer clay-court circuit. Ecuador has competed in eleven Summer Olympic Games. They participated in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in 2018. The nation from South America won its first Olympic medal, when Jefferson Pérez won the gold medal in the Men's 20 km Walk. The Ecuadorian Olympic Committee was created in 1948 and recognized by the IOC in 1959. Basketball has a high profile, especially at amateur (high school and college) level as an alternative to football. It is\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18590355\",\n \"text\": \"Terrorism in Ecuador Terrorism in Ecuador is a rare occurrence as the country, despite recurrent periods of economic and political instability, has been traditionally known as a peaceful state in Latin America, unlike its neighbor states; Peru and Colombia, which have suffered widespread violence by insurgent, paramilitary and drug trafficking organizations (all using terror tactics) in different degrees for more than fifty years. Attacks in Ecuador have traditionally been carried out by small domestic organizations (both known and anonymous) as well as, in a lesser degree, foreign Colombian groups operating within Ecuador's borders. A number of terror organizations have been\",\n \"title\": \"Terrorism in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14375498\",\n \"text\": \"international football games at or higher than 2,500m above sea level. Ecuador, Bolivia and other South American countries issued a joint letter of protest against this ruling. Ecuador qualified for the finals tournaments of both the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cup. Ecuador finished ahead of Poland and Costa Rica, to come second to Germany in Group A, in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. There is a considerable interest in tennis in the middle and upper classes in Ecuadorian society, and several Ecuadorian professional players have attained international fame, including Nicolás Lapentti, Francisco Segura, and Andrés Gómez. As of 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18333534\",\n \"text\": \"yet resource-rich countries in sub-Saharan Africa. President Correa has publicly complained about China’s guarantee demands of the loans, calling it “attempts against the sovereignty of Ecuador”. During these public denouncements however, Correa’s administration was secretly signing a letter allowing PetroChina to seize assets from any oil companies operating in Ecuador in the event that Ecuador would not pay back its loans to China in full. Even more worrying is the “Four Party Agreement” from August 2010, signed by PetroEcuador, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Finance, PetroChina and the Chinese Development Bank. Article 15 of that contract has what Analytica Investments calls\",\n \"title\": \"China–Ecuador relations\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18948031\",\n \"text\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11224457\",\n \"text\": \"Republic and Haiti, initially lured by smugglers promising a better life, have documents confiscated, debts imposed, and are forced into prostitution. Ecuador is also a destination for Colombian, Peruvian, Dominican, Venezuelan, Mexican, Haitian, Paraguayan, and Cuban women and girls exploited in sex trafficking. Traffickers used Ecuador as a transit route for trafficking victims from Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Sex traffickers use emotional relationships and job offers to recruit victims and prey on vulnerabilities such as prior domestic and sexual violence. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons class Ecuador as\",\n \"title\": \"Prostitution in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18948032\",\n \"text\": \"commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,\",\n \"title\": \"What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13979822\",\n \"text\": \"conducts a national survey to determine conclusions about the malnutrition rates in Ecuador. 1960s: More limited studies about malnutrition rates are conducted. late 1960s: 40% of preschool children show some degree of malnutrition. 30% of children under 12 years of age are malnourished and 15% are anemic. late 1980s: Childhood mortality decreases to .9% 1991: Health officials in Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile banned entry of uncooked food from Peru, particularly fish, which reduced the spread of many diseases in Ecuador. 2010: Dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Ecuador. Life expectancy at birth: 78 years Childhood mortality (per 1000 live births): 24\",\n \"title\": \"Health in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"120177\",\n \"text\": \"Transport in Ecuador Transportation in Ecuador uses six transportation methods to transport passengers and freight (more specifically, oil). They are aviation, highways, pipelines, ports and harbors, railways, and waterways 359 (2006 est.) The Sierra Region still plays an important role in transportation throughout the country. The Pan-American Highway crosses it from North to South. Ecuador has managed to update some roads into 4-lane freeways: <br>\\\"total:\\\" 31 ships ( or over) totaling / <br>\\\"ships by type:\\\" (2006 est.) \\\"Foreign-owned:\\\" 2 \\\"Registered in other countries\\\" 1 \\\"total:\\\" 812 km (single track) <br>\\\"narrow gauge:\\\" 812 km gauge There is a proposed rail connection\",\n \"title\": \"Transport in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13979823\",\n \"text\": \"Probability of dying between 15 and 60 years m/f (per 1000 population): 206/123 There are many prevalent diseases in Ecuador, mainly due to environmental conditions, geographical location, and lack of health care. Specific health problems that are common in Ecuador: infant mortality, acute respiratory infection, diarrhetic diseases, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, health problems due to smoking, malnutrition. In Ecuador, there are approximately 14000 cases of TB per year. The HIV prevalence rate among persons aged 15–49 is 0.3%. Stunting from chronic malnutrition affects 26% of children under 5. There are approximately 686 malaria cases per 100,000 people. Health has\",\n \"title\": \"Health in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17510114\",\n \"text\": \"of World War II, Ecuador still admitted a certain number of immigrants, and in 1939, when several South American countries refused to accept the 165 Jewish refugees from Germany aboard the ship \\\"Koenigstein,\\\" Ecuador granted them entry permits. Nevertheless, the country eventually gave way to a policy of selectivity. Jewish immigration to Ecuador were supposed to be employed in the agricultural realm, but the authorities soon surmised that the immigrants were actually merchants, industrialists, and businessmen, and were not farming. As a result, in 1938 legislation was passed compelling any Jew not engaged in agriculture or industry to leave the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Jews in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6940349\",\n \"text\": \"every need, but potential young adults with the ability to defer gratification in favor of more suitable circumstances. What is dominant in the mind is no longer only what is pleasurable, but what is real, even if it happens to be disagreeable. A further change in the reality principle from adolescence to adulthood can be a critical transition in its consolidation; but the impact of certain traumatic experiences may prove to be detrimental from within the unconscious. In the new reality principle, the individual must find themselves to be represented as a strong presence within their own mind and making\",\n \"title\": \"Reality principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"739271\",\n \"text\": \"using Bernoulli’s equation since the air above and below are \\\"different\\\" flow fields and Bernoulli's principle only applies within a flow field. As the wording of the principle can change its implications, stating the principle correctly is important. What Bernoulli's principle actually says is that within a flow of constant energy, when fluid flows through a region of lower pressure it speeds up and vice versa. Thus, Bernoulli's principle concerns itself with \\\"changes\\\" in speed and \\\"changes\\\" in pressure \\\"within\\\" a flow field. It cannot be used to compare different flow fields. A correct explanation of why the paper rises\",\n \"title\": \"Bernoulli's principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17353345\",\n \"text\": \"GDP. Of this export, bananas were primarily destined for the United States, the largest importer (24 percent), followed by the European Union accounting for 17 percent. However, the European Union, is insistent on signing a trade deal which Ecuador has so far refused to sign. This has created fear among the farming community in Ecuador for their livelihoods. Although there are 300 varieties of bananas grown in Ecuador, the widely grown variety is Cavendish, which can be grown at high densities but are susceptible to pest, mould and other diseases, and spraying the plant with chemicals and pesticides is an\",\n \"title\": \"Banana production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6520407\",\n \"text\": \"Reflection principle In set theory, a branch of mathematics, a reflection principle says that it is possible to find sets that resemble the class of all sets. There are several different forms of the reflection principle depending on exactly what is meant by \\\"resemble\\\". Weak forms of the reflection principle are theorems of ZF set theory due to , while stronger forms can be new and very powerful axioms for set theory. The name \\\"reflection principle\\\" comes from the fact that properties of the universe of all sets are \\\"reflected\\\" down to a smaller set. A naive version of the\",\n \"title\": \"Reflection principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12270536\",\n \"text\": \"companies. Agriculturists dedicated to this activity, as well as the extension of exports, make important contributions to the Ecuadorian economy. , Ecuadorian coffee is exported to 29 countries worldwide, with Russia, Poland, Germany, Colombia, Italy, and the Netherlands accounting for over 80 percent of the total export volume. Coffee production in Ecuador Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country,\",\n \"title\": \"Coffee production in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11776947\",\n \"text\": \"Domestic violence in Ecuador Although prohibited by law, domestic violence in Ecuador is widespread. Family courts can impose fines for domestic violence, and have the power to remove an abusive spouse from the home. Ecuador has created specialized judicial units under the Ministry of Justice, with judges specializing in family violence. Serious cases of abuse can be referred to the Office of the Public Prosecutor for prosecution. The extent of domestic violence is difficult to estimate, due to differing definitions of abuse and due to problems with self reporting in studies. In a 2008 survey, 32.4% of the women interviewed\",\n \"title\": \"Domestic violence in Ecuador\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2719968\",\n \"text\": \"Variational principle A variational principle is a scientific principle used within the calculus of variations, which develops general methods for finding functions which extremize the value of quantities that depend upon those functions. For example, to answer this question: \\\"What is the shape of a chain suspended at both ends?\\\" we can use the variational principle that the shape must minimize the gravitational potential energy. Any physical law which can be expressed as a variational principle describes a self-adjoint operator. These expressions are also called Hermitian. Such an expression describes an invariant under a Hermitian transformation. Felix Klein's Erlangen program\",\n \"title\": \"Variational principle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3085866\",\n \"text\": \"the effect that each proposition valid over R, is also valid over *R, is called the transfer principle. There are several different versions of the transfer principle, depending on what model of non-standard mathematics is being used. In terms of model theory, the transfer principle states that a map from a standard model to a non-standard model is an elementary embedding (an embedding preserving the truth values of all statements in a language), or sometimes a \\\"bounded\\\" elementary embedding (similar, but only for statements with bounded quantifiers). The transfer principle appears to lead to contradictions if it is not handled\",\n \"title\": \"Transfer principle\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":295,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"296"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"When was Ronald Reagan shot?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"14152377","text":"Actors Guild Award The Day Reagan Was Shot The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan, and co-stars Michael Murphy, Holland Taylor, Kenneth Welsh and Colm Feore. The film is loosely-based on events surrounding the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981 by John Hinckley, Jr., and depicts a crazed media frenzy, a divided White House cabinet and staff with little control, and a fictional threat of international crisis. American Cinema Editors","title":"The Day Reagan Was Shot"},{"docid":"14152376","text":"The Day Reagan Was Shot The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan, and co-stars Michael Murphy, Holland Taylor, Kenneth Welsh and Colm Feore. The film is loosely-based on events surrounding the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981 by John Hinckley, Jr., and depicts a crazed media frenzy, a divided White House cabinet and staff with little control, and a fictional threat of international crisis. American Cinema Editors Satellite Awards Screen","title":"The Day Reagan Was Shot"},{"docid":"14751222","text":"Ronald Reagan Day Ronald Reagan Day is a day of recognition that occurs every February 6, starting in 2011, in the state of California for Ronald Reagan, who was that state's governor from 1967 to 1975 and President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Ronald Reagan Day has also been declared a state holiday in Wisconsin. For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states issued proclamations designating February 6 Ronald Reagan Day. , 40 governors have issued proclamations declaring Ronald Reagan Day in their respective states. As Reagan was the 33rd Governor of","title":"Ronald Reagan Day"},{"docid":"788430","text":"did not attend either the launch or the commissioning due to Alzheimer's disease, died 11 months later. At the end of the graveside services, the ship's commanding officer at that time, Captain James Symonds, presented the flag that draped the former president's casket to Mrs. Reagan at her request. This was also the flag that had flown over Capitol Hill on 20 January 1981, when the president was inaugurated. At a later date, Captain Symonds also presented Mrs. Reagan the flag that had been flying over \"Ronald Reagan\" when the former president died. \"Ronald Reagan\" was the first nuclear-powered warship","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"3528172","text":"as the ninth greatest president. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association’s Presidents and Executive Politics section also ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. A 2006 poll of historians ranked the Iran-Contra affair as the ninth-worst mistake made by a sitting president. Presidency of Ronald Reagan The presidency of Ronald Reagan began on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan was","title":"Presidency of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"3528078","text":"Presidency of Ronald Reagan The presidency of Ronald Reagan began on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan was succeeded by his Vice President, George H. W. Bush, who won the 1988 presidential election with Reagan's support. Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society","title":"Presidency of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"4670311","text":"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. in Washington, D.C., as they were leaving a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Hinckley's motivation for the attack was to impress actress Jodie Foster, who had played the role of a child prostitute in the 1976 film \"Taxi Driver\". After seeing the film, Hinckley had developed an obsession with Foster. Reagan was struck by a single bullet that broke a rib, punctured a lung, and caused serious internal bleeding, but he recovered quickly. No formal","title":"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342841","text":"and expanded military; and contributed to the end of the Cold War. Termed the \"Reagan Revolution,\" his presidency would reinvigorate American morale, reinvigorate the U.S. economy and reduce reliance upon government. As president, Reagan kept a diary in which he commented on daily occurrences of his presidency and his views on the issues of the day. The diaries were published in May 2007 in the bestselling book, \"The Reagan Diaries\". Ronald Reagan was 69 years old when he sworn into office for his first term on January 20, 1981. In his inaugural address (which Reagan himself wrote), he addressed the","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"4670358","text":"Congressional commendations for his actions, and was named one of four \"Top Cops\" in the U.S. by Parade Magazine. He later wrote about the assassination attempt in his autobiography, calling it both the best and the worst day of his life. Parr died in 2015 from heart failure. The following is the list of the movies dealing with the assassination attempt or portraying a portion of it: Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. in Washington, D.C., as they were leaving a speaking engagement","title":"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342792","text":"Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Reagan was raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations. After moving to California in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"3246969","text":"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan. Designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates, the library is in Simi Valley, California, about northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and west of Chatsworth. The Reagan Library is the largest of the 13 federally operated presidential libraries. The street address, 40 Presidential Drive, is numbered in honor of Reagan's place as the 40th President. It was initially planned to build the Reagan Library at Stanford University, and an","title":"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library"},{"docid":"788427","text":"USS Ronald Reagan USS \"Ronald Reagan\" (CVN-76) is a , nuclear-powered supercarrier in the service of the United States Navy. The ninth ship of her class, she is named in honor of Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Upon her christening in 2001, she was the first ship to be named for a former president still alive at the time. As of May 2012, the ship was operationally part of Carrier Strike Group Nine and administratively under the command of Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific/Commander, Naval Air Forces. The two administrative titles actually refer","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"3246988","text":"Reagan Centennial was also being led by the National Youth Leadership Committee. Notable members of the Committee include chairpersons Nick Jonas, Jordin Sparks and Austin Dillon, as well as famous non-chairpersons, including actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, Olympic bronze medalist Bryon Wilson, Olympian and X-Games medalist Hannah Teter, and recording artist Jordan Pruitt. Several other Olympians and athletes are also members of the Committee. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan. Designed by","title":"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library"},{"docid":"788458","text":"July along with other vessels she left port again to avoid Typhoon Jongdari, returning on 30 July. She left port again ahead of a typhoon on 7 August. On 31 August 2018, the carrier conducted training with the , of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. November 21, 2018,the ship visited Hong Kong. USS Ronald Reagan USS \"Ronald Reagan\" (CVN-76) is a , nuclear-powered supercarrier in the service of the United States Navy. The ninth ship of her class, she is named in honor of Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Upon her christening in","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"12942080","text":"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan The first inauguration of Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on Tuesday, January 20, 1981, on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. This was the first inauguration to be held on the building's west side. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of George H. W. Bush as Vice President. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the presidential oath of office to Reagan, who placed his hand upon a family Bible given to him by","title":"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342909","text":"diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, an incurable neurological disorder which destroys brain cells and ultimately causes death. In November of that year, he informed the nation of the diagnosis through a handwritten letter, writing in part: After his diagnosis, letters of support from well-wishers poured into his California home. But there was also speculation over how long Reagan had demonstrated symptoms of mental degeneration. Not long after the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, at a reception for mayors, Reagan greeted his Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Samuel Pierce in 1981 by saying \"How are you, Mr Mayor? How are things","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"12942086","text":"Liberty in New York harbor was bathed in light, the Empire State building lit in red, white, and blue, and the Boston Fire Department sounded gongs to hail deliverance of the hostages. First inauguration of Ronald Reagan The first inauguration of Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on Tuesday, January 20, 1981, on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. This was the first inauguration to be held on the building's west side. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of","title":"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11935445","text":"Political positions of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). Reagan served as President during the later part of the Cold War, an era of political and ideological disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Reagan labeled the Soviet Union an \"evil empire\" that would be consigned to the \"ash heap of history\" and he later predicted that communism would collapse. He reversed the policy of détente and massively built up the United States military. Through it, Reagan ordered production of the MX missile, the","title":"Political positions of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11730157","text":"in 1980. Electoral history of Ronald Reagan This is the electoral history of Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a Republican, served as the 40th President of the United States (1981–89) and earlier as the 33rd Governor of California (1967–75). Having been elected twice to the presidency, Reagan reshaped the Republican party, led the modern conservative movement, and altered the political dynamic of the United States. His 1980 presidential campaign stressed some of his fundamental principles: lower taxes to stimulate the economy, less government interference in people's lives, states' rights, and a strong national defense. During his presidency, Reagan pursued policies that reflected","title":"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11730149","text":"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan This is the electoral history of Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a Republican, served as the 40th President of the United States (1981–89) and earlier as the 33rd Governor of California (1967–75). Having been elected twice to the presidency, Reagan reshaped the Republican party, led the modern conservative movement, and altered the political dynamic of the United States. His 1980 presidential campaign stressed some of his fundamental principles: lower taxes to stimulate the economy, less government interference in people's lives, states' rights, and a strong national defense. During his presidency, Reagan pursued policies that reflected his personal","title":"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"14152377\",\n \"text\": \"Actors Guild Award The Day Reagan Was Shot The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan, and co-stars Michael Murphy, Holland Taylor, Kenneth Welsh and Colm Feore. The film is loosely-based on events surrounding the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981 by John Hinckley, Jr., and depicts a crazed media frenzy, a divided White House cabinet and staff with little control, and a fictional threat of international crisis. American Cinema Editors\",\n \"title\": \"The Day Reagan Was Shot\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14152376\",\n \"text\": \"The Day Reagan Was Shot The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan, and co-stars Michael Murphy, Holland Taylor, Kenneth Welsh and Colm Feore. The film is loosely-based on events surrounding the Reagan assassination attempt on March 30, 1981 by John Hinckley, Jr., and depicts a crazed media frenzy, a divided White House cabinet and staff with little control, and a fictional threat of international crisis. American Cinema Editors Satellite Awards Screen\",\n \"title\": \"The Day Reagan Was Shot\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14751222\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Day Ronald Reagan Day is a day of recognition that occurs every February 6, starting in 2011, in the state of California for Ronald Reagan, who was that state's governor from 1967 to 1975 and President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Ronald Reagan Day has also been declared a state holiday in Wisconsin. For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states issued proclamations designating February 6 Ronald Reagan Day. , 40 governors have issued proclamations declaring Ronald Reagan Day in their respective states. As Reagan was the 33rd Governor of\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788430\",\n \"text\": \"did not attend either the launch or the commissioning due to Alzheimer's disease, died 11 months later. At the end of the graveside services, the ship's commanding officer at that time, Captain James Symonds, presented the flag that draped the former president's casket to Mrs. Reagan at her request. This was also the flag that had flown over Capitol Hill on 20 January 1981, when the president was inaugurated. At a later date, Captain Symonds also presented Mrs. Reagan the flag that had been flying over \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" when the former president died. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" was the first nuclear-powered warship\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3528172\",\n \"text\": \"as the ninth greatest president. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association’s Presidents and Executive Politics section also ranked Reagan as the ninth greatest president. A 2006 poll of historians ranked the Iran-Contra affair as the ninth-worst mistake made by a sitting president. Presidency of Ronald Reagan The presidency of Ronald Reagan began on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan was\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3528078\",\n \"text\": \"Presidency of Ronald Reagan The presidency of Ronald Reagan began on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989. Reagan, a Republican, took office following a landslide victory over Democratic incumbent President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election. Reagan was succeeded by his Vice President, George H. W. Bush, who won the 1988 presidential election with Reagan's support. Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4670311\",\n \"text\": \"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. in Washington, D.C., as they were leaving a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Hinckley's motivation for the attack was to impress actress Jodie Foster, who had played the role of a child prostitute in the 1976 film \\\"Taxi Driver\\\". After seeing the film, Hinckley had developed an obsession with Foster. Reagan was struck by a single bullet that broke a rib, punctured a lung, and caused serious internal bleeding, but he recovered quickly. No formal\",\n \"title\": \"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342841\",\n \"text\": \"and expanded military; and contributed to the end of the Cold War. Termed the \\\"Reagan Revolution,\\\" his presidency would reinvigorate American morale, reinvigorate the U.S. economy and reduce reliance upon government. As president, Reagan kept a diary in which he commented on daily occurrences of his presidency and his views on the issues of the day. The diaries were published in May 2007 in the bestselling book, \\\"The Reagan Diaries\\\". Ronald Reagan was 69 years old when he sworn into office for his first term on January 20, 1981. In his inaugural address (which Reagan himself wrote), he addressed the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4670358\",\n \"text\": \"Congressional commendations for his actions, and was named one of four \\\"Top Cops\\\" in the U.S. by Parade Magazine. He later wrote about the assassination attempt in his autobiography, calling it both the best and the worst day of his life. Parr died in 2015 from heart failure. The following is the list of the movies dealing with the assassination attempt or portraying a portion of it: Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan On March 30, 1981, President Ronald Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley Jr. in Washington, D.C., as they were leaving a speaking engagement\",\n \"title\": \"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342792\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Reagan was raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations. After moving to California in 1937, he became an actor and starred in a few major\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3246969\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan. Designed by Hugh Stubbins and Associates, the library is in Simi Valley, California, about northwest of Downtown Los Angeles and west of Chatsworth. The Reagan Library is the largest of the 13 federally operated presidential libraries. The street address, 40 Presidential Drive, is numbered in honor of Reagan's place as the 40th President. It was initially planned to build the Reagan Library at Stanford University, and an\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788427\",\n \"text\": \"USS Ronald Reagan USS \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" (CVN-76) is a , nuclear-powered supercarrier in the service of the United States Navy. The ninth ship of her class, she is named in honor of Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Upon her christening in 2001, she was the first ship to be named for a former president still alive at the time. As of May 2012, the ship was operationally part of Carrier Strike Group Nine and administratively under the command of Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific/Commander, Naval Air Forces. The two administrative titles actually refer\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3246988\",\n \"text\": \"Reagan Centennial was also being led by the National Youth Leadership Committee. Notable members of the Committee include chairpersons Nick Jonas, Jordin Sparks and Austin Dillon, as well as famous non-chairpersons, including actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, Olympic bronze medalist Bryon Wilson, Olympian and X-Games medalist Hannah Teter, and recording artist Jordan Pruitt. Several other Olympians and athletes are also members of the Committee. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library is the presidential library and burial site of Ronald Wilson Reagan, the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), and his wife Nancy Reagan. Designed by\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788458\",\n \"text\": \"July along with other vessels she left port again to avoid Typhoon Jongdari, returning on 30 July. She left port again ahead of a typhoon on 7 August. On 31 August 2018, the carrier conducted training with the , of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. November 21, 2018,the ship visited Hong Kong. USS Ronald Reagan USS \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" (CVN-76) is a , nuclear-powered supercarrier in the service of the United States Navy. The ninth ship of her class, she is named in honor of Ronald W. Reagan, President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Upon her christening in\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12942080\",\n \"text\": \"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan The first inauguration of Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on Tuesday, January 20, 1981, on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. This was the first inauguration to be held on the building's west side. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of George H. W. Bush as Vice President. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the presidential oath of office to Reagan, who placed his hand upon a family Bible given to him by\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342909\",\n \"text\": \"diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, an incurable neurological disorder which destroys brain cells and ultimately causes death. In November of that year, he informed the nation of the diagnosis through a handwritten letter, writing in part: After his diagnosis, letters of support from well-wishers poured into his California home. But there was also speculation over how long Reagan had demonstrated symptoms of mental degeneration. Not long after the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, at a reception for mayors, Reagan greeted his Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Samuel Pierce in 1981 by saying \\\"How are you, Mr Mayor? How are things\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12942086\",\n \"text\": \"Liberty in New York harbor was bathed in light, the Empire State building lit in red, white, and blue, and the Boston Fire Department sounded gongs to hail deliverance of the hostages. First inauguration of Ronald Reagan The first inauguration of Ronald Reagan as the 40th President of the United States was held on Tuesday, January 20, 1981, on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. This was the first inauguration to be held on the building's west side. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11935445\",\n \"text\": \"Political positions of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). Reagan served as President during the later part of the Cold War, an era of political and ideological disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Reagan labeled the Soviet Union an \\\"evil empire\\\" that would be consigned to the \\\"ash heap of history\\\" and he later predicted that communism would collapse. He reversed the policy of détente and massively built up the United States military. Through it, Reagan ordered production of the MX missile, the\",\n \"title\": \"Political positions of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11730157\",\n \"text\": \"in 1980. Electoral history of Ronald Reagan This is the electoral history of Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a Republican, served as the 40th President of the United States (1981–89) and earlier as the 33rd Governor of California (1967–75). Having been elected twice to the presidency, Reagan reshaped the Republican party, led the modern conservative movement, and altered the political dynamic of the United States. His 1980 presidential campaign stressed some of his fundamental principles: lower taxes to stimulate the economy, less government interference in people's lives, states' rights, and a strong national defense. During his presidency, Reagan pursued policies that reflected\",\n \"title\": \"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11730149\",\n \"text\": \"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan This is the electoral history of Ronald Reagan. Reagan, a Republican, served as the 40th President of the United States (1981–89) and earlier as the 33rd Governor of California (1967–75). Having been elected twice to the presidency, Reagan reshaped the Republican party, led the modern conservative movement, and altered the political dynamic of the United States. His 1980 presidential campaign stressed some of his fundamental principles: lower taxes to stimulate the economy, less government interference in people's lives, states' rights, and a strong national defense. During his presidency, Reagan pursued policies that reflected his personal\",\n \"title\": \"Electoral history of Ronald Reagan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"788441","text":"Battle Efficiency Award. On 28 May 2009, \"Ronald Reagan\" deployed with Carrier Air Wing 14 to the 7th and 5th Fleet Areas of Responsibility. \"Ronald Reagan\" relieved the CSG and launched her first sorties in support of OEF on 6 July. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to homeport on 21 October after a five-month deployment. In early 2010, \"Ronald Reagan\" was awarded the 2009 Chief of Naval Operations Afloat Safety \"S\" Award, and the 2009 Pacific Fleet Battle \"E\" for combat efficiency. The Battle \"E\" award was \"Ronald Reagan\"s second consecutive and third in four years. On 19 May 2010, Norfolk Naval","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342927","text":"but rather a peaceful end; he said he was not intimidated by Reagan's harsh rhetoric. Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, said of Reagan, \"he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power... but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform.\" She later said, \"Ronald Reagan had a higher claim than any other leader to have won the Cold War for liberty and he did it without a shot being fired.\" Said Brian Mulroney, former Prime Minister of Canada: \"He enters history as a strong and","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11441711","text":"Ronald Reagan filmography The filmography of Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) includes many motion pictures and television episodes. Reagan's acting career began in 1937 when he contracted with Warner Bros. Apart from his absence during World War II, Reagan would make most of his movies with Warner Bros. With the studio, he starred in such films as \"Dark Victory\", \"Knute Rockne, All American\", and \"Kings Row\" – which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1943. During World War II, Reagan served in the Army Air Force, assigned to the film production unit.","title":"Ronald Reagan filmography"},{"docid":"14751225","text":"but is to be marked by public schools with \"exercises remembering the life of Ronald Reagan, recognizing his accomplishments, and familiarizing pupils with the contributions he made to California.\" Schwarzenegger's immediate successor, Jerry Brown (who was, coincidentally, Reagan's immediate successor as Governor 36 years beforehand, and who was also the son of Pat Brown, whom Reagan defeated in the 1966 election to become governor) proclaimed Ronald Reagan Day in 2011, as obligated by SB 944. Ronald Reagan Day Ronald Reagan Day is a day of recognition that occurs every February 6, starting in 2011, in the state of California for","title":"Ronald Reagan Day"},{"docid":"9778915","text":"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the private Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to \"those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide.\" Until her death, the award was given by Former First Lady Nancy Reagan on behalf of her husband, who died in June 2004. The award was first given in 1992, by President Ronald Reagan himself, as well as in 1993, but in 1994 Mrs. Reagan presented the award instead of her husband. Ronald Reagan had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's","title":"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award"},{"docid":"342801","text":"readings to the congregation during the services. A strong believer in the power of prayer, she led prayer meetings at church and was in charge of mid-week prayers when the pastor was out of town. Her strong commitment to the church is what induced her son Ronald to become a Protestant Christian rather than a Roman Catholic like his father. He also stated that she strongly influenced his own beliefs: \"I know that she planted that faith very deeply in me.\" According to Paul Kengor, author of \"God and Ronald Reagan\", Reagan had a particularly strong faith in the goodness","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342945","text":"predecessor. In 2010, Schwarzenegger signed Senate Bill 944, authored by Senator George Runner, to make every February 6 Ronald Reagan Day in California. In 2007, Polish President Lech Kaczyński posthumously conferred on Reagan the highest Polish distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, saying that Reagan had inspired the Polish people to work for change and helped to unseat the repressive communist regime; Kaczyński said it \"would not have been possible if it was not for the tough-mindedness, determination, and feeling of mission of President Ronald Reagan.\" Reagan backed the nation of Poland throughout his presidency, supporting the anti-communist Solidarity","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"7381501","text":"Ronald Reagan Trail The Ronald Reagan Trail is a collection of highways in central Illinois that connect villages and cities that were of importance to former United States President Ronald Reagan. The trail was established in 1999 by the state of Illinois' General Assembly, five years prior to former President Reagan's death in June 2004. The Reagan Trail was the brainchild of the late mayor of Eureka, Illinois Joe Serangeli. A volunteer-run Reagan Trail Association maintained a web presence and promoted the trail for its initial years, but the board was dissolved in July 2016 and website transferred to the","title":"Ronald Reagan Trail"},{"docid":"11441721","text":"dedicated on February 9, 1960. \"(for releases not mentioned in the \"General\" sources)\" Ronald Reagan filmography The filmography of Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) includes many motion pictures and television episodes. Reagan's acting career began in 1937 when he contracted with Warner Bros. Apart from his absence during World War II, Reagan would make most of his movies with Warner Bros. With the studio, he starred in such films as \"Dark Victory\", \"Knute Rockne, All American\", and \"Kings Row\" – which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1943. During World War II,","title":"Ronald Reagan filmography"},{"docid":"9778917","text":"with my predecessor's remarkable skill, who knows? I might still be employed.\" On a more serious note, he said later in the speech: \"Working with Ronald Reagan was one of the greatest joys of my life.\" Bush served as Reagan's Vice President for the eight years that Reagan was President. On September 17, 2008, the award was presented to former Soviet dissident Natan Sharansky by former first lady Nancy Reagan. Ronald Reagan Freedom Award The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the private Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to \"those who have","title":"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award"},{"docid":"342946","text":"movement, along with Pope John Paul II; the Ronald Reagan Park, a public facility in Gdańsk, was named in his honor. On June 3, 2009, Nancy Reagan unveiled a statue of her late husband in the United States Capitol rotunda. The statue represents the state of California in the National Statuary Hall Collection. After Reagan's death, both major American political parties agreed to erect a statue of Reagan in the place of that of Thomas Starr King. The day before, President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act into law, establishing a commission to plan activities to mark the","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342906","text":"public. At the dedication ceremonies, five presidents were in attendance, as well as six first ladies, marking the first time that five presidents were gathered in the same location. Reagan continued publicly to speak in favor of a line-item veto; the Brady Bill; a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget; and the repeal of the 22nd Amendment, which prohibits anyone from serving more than two terms as president. In 1992 Reagan established the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award with the newly formed Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. His final public speech was on February 3, 1994, during a tribute to him in","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"7381503","text":"Route 26 to Ohio, Illinois where it branches to Tampico, Illinois on Illinois Route 92 and Dixon, Illinois on Illinois 26. This segment has the following attractions: U.S. Route 34 merely connects Galesburg to Princeton to complete the trail. Ronald Reagan Trail The Ronald Reagan Trail is a collection of highways in central Illinois that connect villages and cities that were of importance to former United States President Ronald Reagan. The trail was established in 1999 by the state of Illinois' General Assembly, five years prior to former President Reagan's death in June 2004. The Reagan Trail was the brainchild","title":"Ronald Reagan Trail"},{"docid":"7327021","text":"work room. The lone outbuilding on the property was used by the brothers for such activities as raising rabbits. In the house's side yard Ronald and his brother would participate in pick-up football games. Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is the house located at 816 South Hennepin Avenue, Dixon, Illinois, in which the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan lived as a youth beginning in 1920. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home was constructed in Dixon, Illinois, in 1891; its design is","title":"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home"},{"docid":"7327016","text":"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is the house located at 816 South Hennepin Avenue, Dixon, Illinois, in which the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan lived as a youth beginning in 1920. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home was constructed in Dixon, Illinois, in 1891; its design is fairly typical of American houses during the time period. The house's original owners were William C. and Susan Thompson; it was eventually sold, in 1917. The home's most significant period was between 1920 and","title":"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home"},{"docid":"342947","text":"upcoming centenary of Reagan's birth. Independence Day 2011 saw the unveiling of another statue to Reagan—this time in the British capital of London, outside the U.S. embassy in Grosvenor Square. The unveiling was supposed to be attended by Reagan's wife Nancy, but she did not attend; former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice took her place and read a statement on her behalf; further to the former First Lady's absence, President Reagan's friend and British prime minister during his presidency, Baroness Thatcher, was also unable to attend due to frail health. Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911June 5,","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"10545071","text":"floor the apartment has been restored to the period when Reagan was born. The site offers tours to the public and is listed as a \"significant\" contributing property to the Tampico Main Street Historic District. The Main Street Historic District was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982. Birthplace of Ronald Reagan The Birthplace of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Graham Building, is located in an apartment on the second floor of a late 19th-century commercial building in Tampico, Illinois, United States. The building was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from","title":"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788438","text":"Efficiency \"E\" award for the West Coast, the first Battle \"E\" ever for the carrier. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to Naval Air Station North Island on 20 April 2007, following the three-month deployment in support of operations in the Western Pacific. On 15 December 2007, the carrier answered a distress call from a cruise ship off the coast of Baja California. An Illinois teenager whose appendix had ruptured while on a Mexican cruise was airlifted by an SH-60 helicopter to \"Ronald Reagan\", where an emergency appendectomy was performed by the ship's surgeon. USS \"Ronald Reagan\", with CVW-14 embarked, departed San Diego","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788435","text":"the US national anthem was publicly played. After leaving Rio, \"Ronald Reagan\" transited the Strait of Magellan on 20–21 June and subsequently made port visits to Valparaíso, Chile, and Callao, Peru, before arriving in San Diego on 23 July 2004. From 1 October 2004, \"Ronald Reagan\" was assigned to Carrier Strike Group Fifteen. \"Ronald Reagan\", now with Terry B. Kraft in command, departed San Diego on 4 January 2006, on her maiden deployment to conduct naval operations in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, as well as to conduct maritime security operations in the Persian Gulf. On","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"14751223","text":"California and that state's only governor to become President of the United States, several of his successors proclaimed February 6 as Ronald Reagan Day in California in his honor. Governor Gray Davis, a Democrat, proclaimed February 6 \"Ronald Reagan Day\" in both 2002 and 2003. Davis's Republican successor, Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed February 6 Ronald Reagan Day in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Senator George Runner introduced Senate Bill 944 on February 3, 2010. The bill passed the Senate Education Committee on March 24, 2010, by a 7–0 vote. SB 944 was approved by the full Senate on","title":"Ronald Reagan Day"},{"docid":"6981475","text":"Ronald Reagan Parkway Ronald Reagan Parkway (RRP) is a controlled-access highway located in the eastern part of the Atlanta metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its route is entirely within Gwinnett County, connecting the Lilburn area with Snellville. It is named after Ronald Reagan, the 40th president. The highway was spearheaded by then-Gwinnett County chairman Wayne Mason in the mid-1990s. The parkway begins at an intersection with Pleasant Hill Road, northeast of Lilburn. It passes just north of Browne Lake and has an interchange with US 29/SR 8 (Lawrenceville Highway). On the northeast side of Bethesda Park is","title":"Ronald Reagan Parkway"},{"docid":"788429","text":"island. \"Ronald Reagan\" was christened by Reagan's wife Nancy on 4 March 2001 at Newport News Shipbuilding, the crew moved aboard on 30 October 2002, and the ship was commissioned on 12 July 2003 at Naval Station Norfolk, with Captain J. W. Goodwin in command. Vice President Dick Cheney and Lynne Cheney were both present at the ceremony, as well as Nancy Reagan, who gave the ship's crew the traditional first order as an active unit of the Navy: \"Man the ship and bring her to life.\" \"Ronald Reagan\" made her maiden voyage on 21 July 2003. President Reagan, who","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342943","text":"Heritage award for his support of the U.S. Navy and military in both his film career and while he served as president. Congress authorized the creation of the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home in Dixon, Illinois in 2002, pending federal purchase of the property. On May 16 of that year, Nancy Reagan accepted the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by Congress, on behalf of the president and herself. After Reagan's death, the United States Postal Service issued a President Ronald Reagan commemorative postage stamp in 2005. Later in the year, CNN, along with the editors of \"Time\" magazine,","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11550267","text":"be better for the senior citizens. ... I was not opposing the principle of providing care for them...\" Carter's campaign accused Reagan of \"rewriting history\", saying that there was no such alternative legislation. Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring Ronald Reagan. In this more than ten-minute recording, Reagan \"criticized Social Security for \"supplanting\" private savings and warned that subsidized medicine would curtail Americans' freedom\" and that \"pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a","title":"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine"},{"docid":"788440","text":"and C-2A Greyhound aircraft of the \"Ronald Reagan\" CSG helped deliver more than of rice, fresh water, and other supplies to areas of Panay, which were not reachable by truck due to flooded roads. The mission in Panay earned the entire strike group the Navy's Humanitarian Service Medal. The CSG arrived in the U.S. Fifth Fleet area on 28 August 2008, where she launched more than 1,150 sorties into Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to San Diego on 25 November 2008. \"Ronald Reagan\" received word in February 2009 that the ship had won her second","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"10344937","text":"Ronald Reagan in fiction This article is about fictional appearances of the real-life person Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan would make numerous appearances in popular fiction, particularly in his role as US president in the 1980s. Reagan appeared as one of the supporting characters in the \"Inhumanoids\" episode \"The Surma Plan\" as president of the United States. Upon learning that the Soviet leadership were planning an Earth-threatening attack on the lair of the Inhumanoid leader Metlar, Reagan first suggested that they contact the Soviets. After being advised that the Soviets wouldn't listen he instead contacted the Earth Corps to stop the","title":"Ronald Reagan in fiction"},{"docid":"11441720","text":"actors such as Reagan had no place in politics because of a lack of knowledge. However Reagan's image of a strong, true American, which stemmed from his roles in films, drew support for his campaigns. The idea of Reagan being an actor who so easily stepped into politics also helped him gain support from voters who were tired of traditional politics. In 1980 he was elected President of the United States. Throughout his film career, his mother often answered much of his fan mail. Ronald Reagan was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame when the walk was","title":"Ronald Reagan filmography"},{"docid":"14453865","text":"during Reagan's governorship was on April 12, 1967, when Aaron Mitchell's sentence was carried out by the state in San Quentin's gas chamber. Reagan's terms as governor helped to shape the policies he would pursue in his later political career as president. By campaigning on a platform of sending \"the welfare bums back to work\", he spoke out against the idea of the welfare state. He also strongly advocated for less government regulation of the economy and against what he believed to be undue federal taxation. Governorship of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan was the Governor of California for two terms,","title":"Governorship of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"19186486","text":"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana) Ronald Reagan Parkway and Ameriplex Parkway is a parkway-type road named in part after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The road was commissioned in the 1990s, and the initial section from U.S. Highway 36 to County Road 100 N (CR 100 N) was completed in 1996. It was later extended to CR 200 N. The segment from CR 200 N to CR 300 N opened in early 2015. Construction on The section from CR 300 N to the existing road connecting to US 136 began in 2015 and was completed in late 2017. Another extension via","title":"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana)"},{"docid":"7327019","text":"covered with cedar shingles. The Reagan Boyhood Home is most significant as the home of 40th U.S. President Ronald Reagan and his family from late 1920 until 1923. Reagan was nine years old at the time and in grade school. Though the family moved from the house they remained in Dixon throughout the former president's formative years. For its association with Reagan and significance in the area of politics and government the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 26, 1982. According to the National Register of Historic Places documentation, Ronald Reagan stated that the","title":"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home"},{"docid":"342919","text":"Reagan entourage was flown back to the Ronald W. Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, where another service was held, and President Reagan was interred. At the time of his death, Reagan was the longest-lived president in U.S. history, having lived 93 years and 120 days (2 years, 8 months, and 23 days longer than John Adams, whose record he surpassed). He was the first U.S. president to die in the 21st century, and his was the first state funeral in the United States since that of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973. His burial site is inscribed with","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11550259","text":"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring Ronald Reagan. In this more than ten-minute recording, Reagan \"criticized Social Security for \"supplanting\" private savings and warned that subsidized medicine would curtail Americans' freedom\" and that \"pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him.\" Roger Lowenstein called the LP part of a \"stealth program\" conducted by the American Medical Association (see Operation Coffee Cup). Reagan opens by","title":"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine"},{"docid":"10545065","text":"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan The Birthplace of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Graham Building, is located in an apartment on the second floor of a late 19th-century commercial building in Tampico, Illinois, United States. The building was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from that time until 1915. On February 6, 1911 the future 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, was born in the apartment there, the family moving into a house in Tampico a few months later. Architecturally, the two-story brick building is similar to its neighbors, all of which are part of a historic","title":"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"6981477","text":"a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. The parkway was established in 1995 along the same alignment it runs today. In 2009, new plans were developed to extend Ronald Reagan Parkway as a toll road to directly connect with I-85. On June 23, 2009, Gwinnett County voted to approve a partnership with a private firm to study extending the Ronald Reagan Parkway to I-85. The study cost $1.4 million and was funded by the County. The plans were abandoned in February 2013 due to public concerns about tolls, potential traffic and the road path. Ronald","title":"Ronald Reagan Parkway"},{"docid":"788431","text":"of any kind to be named in honor of a living former president. Unlike most of the other men honored by inclusion in this group, Reagan was not associated with the United States Navy, apart from his term as Commander-in-Chief, though one of his key initiatives in office was the 600-ship Navy program. The design of \"Ronald Reagan\"s seal was created entirely by her plankowner crew with historical assistance provided by staff members at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library foundation. The red border that rings the ship's seal is similar to the distinctive red rim that defines the White House","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342905","text":"companies doing business with his department to make campaign contributions on his behalf. Reagan determined that the 18-year sentence was excessive compared to what other political figures in similar circumstances had been receiving. After leaving office in 1989, the Reagans purchased a home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, in addition to the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara. They regularly attended Bel Air Church and occasionally made appearances on behalf of the Republican Party; Reagan delivered a well-received speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention. Previously on November 4, 1991, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library was dedicated and opened to the","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342838","text":"nomination, he received 307 write-in votes in New Hampshire, 388 votes as an Independent on Wyoming's ballot, and a single electoral vote from a faithless elector in the November election from the state of Washington, which Ford had won over Democratic challenger Jimmy Carter. After the campaign, Reagan remained in the public debate with the Ronald Reagan Radio Commentary series and his political action committee, Citizens for the Republic, which was later revived in Alexandria, Virginia, in 2009 by the Reagan biographer Craig Shirley. The 1980 presidential election featured Reagan against incumbent President Jimmy Carter and was conducted amid a","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11701372","text":"research. The institute has awarded $12 million in research grants, and created the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute Award, given to individuals who have contributed greatly to Alzheimer's research. President Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 1994, and released a letter to the American people announcing his affliction.His diagnosis and decision to go public with the news greatly affected the perception of Alzheimer's and reduced the stigma attached to the disease. In 1995, he and Mrs. Reagan established the institute. When the president became too incapacitated and could not function normally, Nancy Reagan began supporting federally funded embryonic","title":"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute"},{"docid":"10344941","text":"Soviet forces in Latin America and serving as the president's right-hand man. Though unnamed, this president bears an identical resemblance to Reagan, who was in office when the comic was published. He also possesses Reagan's folksy way of speaking. Reagan was also a key character in the satirical comic strip \"Benchley\" by Mort Drucker and Jerry Dumas. The plot revolved around the fictive character Benchley who served as Reagan's assistant. In the second season of the television series \"Fargo\", Reagan (Bruce Campbell) makes a stop during his first presidential campaign in 1979 in the titular town. Ronald Reagan in fiction","title":"Ronald Reagan in fiction"},{"docid":"342944","text":"named him the \"most fascinating person\" of the network's first 25 years; \"Time\" listed Reagan one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century as well. The Discovery Channel asked its viewers to vote for The Greatest American in June 2005; Reagan placed in first place, ahead of Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. In 2006, Reagan was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum. Every year from 2002, California governors Gray Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed February 6 \"Ronald Reagan Day\" in the state of California in honor of their most famous","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"6450512","text":"the westbound exit ramp of Ronald Reagan Highway and Colerain Avenue had 20 collisions in 2014 (none of which involved injuries), making it the fifth most crash-prone intersection on a Hamilton County road that year. On August 15, 1998, a Cessna 152 departing from Blue Ash Airport bound for Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport ran out of fuel and collided with a car, killing three, as it attempted an emergency landing on Ronald Reagan Highway. Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway, formerly and locally known as Cross County Highway, is a west-east freeway in Hamilton County, Ohio,","title":"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway"},{"docid":"11797210","text":"Ronald W. Reagan High School Ronald Wilson Reagan High School is a high school under the direction of the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools system in Pfafftown, North Carolina, United States, and is named after former US president Ronald Reagan. It had a student population of approximately 1,850 for the 2014-2015 school year. The school was constructed to begin operation at the beginning of the 2005-2006 school year. Reagan was a North Carolina 4A school, the state's highest level. Reagan's student population increased since its opening, reaching the full available capacity until additions are made. A new wing was completed and opened","title":"Ronald W. Reagan High School"},{"docid":"11797220","text":"in a single-vehicle accident believed to have been due to sending text messages while driving. A memorial garden has been established in the southeast corner of the campus. Ronald W. Reagan High School Ronald Wilson Reagan High School is a high school under the direction of the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools system in Pfafftown, North Carolina, United States, and is named after former US president Ronald Reagan. It had a student population of approximately 1,850 for the 2014-2015 school year. The school was constructed to begin operation at the beginning of the 2005-2006 school year. Reagan was a North Carolina 4A","title":"Ronald W. Reagan High School"},{"docid":"1530966","text":"well as four occupants of vehicles on the bridge. President Reagan cited motorist Lenny Skutnik in his State of the Union Address a few weeks later. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an airport in Arlington, Virginia that acts as the primary airport serving Washington, D.C. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. For decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government","title":"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport"},{"docid":"10344939","text":"Prime lead Prowl and Warpath to a meeting with President Ronald Reagan in Washington D.C. to open a dialog between the Autobots and the US government. The evil Insecticons attack the US military in the name of the Autobots hoping to derail the peace talks. Although the Autobots managed to chase off the Insecticons Optimus Prime gave up on explaining the misunderstanding to Reagan, thinking he would never be believed. Reagan had been ready to hear what Optimus had to say and was disappointed they gave up so easily. In 1986, Ronald Reagan made an appearance in volume 1, issue","title":"Ronald Reagan in fiction"},{"docid":"17402868","text":"Ronald Reagan in music The appearance of Ronald Reagan in music includes mentions and depictions of the actor-turned-politician in songs, albums, music videos, and band names, particularly during his two terms as President of the United States. Reagan first appeared on a few album covers during his time as a Hollywood actor, well before his political career. During the 1960s, folk, rock and satirical musicians critiqued Reagan in his early years as Governor of California for his red-baiting and attacks on Berkeley's Free Speech Movement. In the 1980s songs critiquing Reagan became more widespread and numerous once he ascended to","title":"Ronald Reagan in music"},{"docid":"19186488","text":"Parkway, and a two-way stop intersection with Airtech Parkway. Then, it comes to its former northern terminus, at a light with US 40. It then goes north, going through two more lights at CR 200 S (Bradford Road), and CR 100 S (Morris Street). It then goes through traffic light at US 36, CR 100 N (10th Street), and CR 200 N (21st Street), before coming to its northern terminus at CR 300 N (30th Street). Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana) Ronald Reagan Parkway and Ameriplex Parkway is a parkway-type road named in part after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The","title":"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana)"},{"docid":"342942","text":"into law by President Bill Clinton. That year, the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center was dedicated in Washington, D.C. He was among 18 included in Gallup's most admired man and woman poll of the 20th century, from a poll conducted in the U.S. in 1999; two years later, was christened by Nancy Reagan and the United States Navy. It is one of few Navy ships christened in honor of a living person and the first aircraft carrier to be named in honor of a living former president. In 1998 the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Reagan its Naval","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"342941","text":"the WPPAC's Top Honor Prize because he signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with H.E. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (then President of Russia), ending the cold war. On January 18, 1993, Reagan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom (awarded with distinction), the highest honor that the United States can bestow, from President George H. W. Bush, his Vice President and successor. Reagan was also awarded the Republican Senatorial Medal of Freedom, the highest honor bestowed by Republican members of the Senate. On Reagan's 87th birthday, in 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport by a bill signed","title":"Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"11701371","text":"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an affiliate of the National Alzheimer's Association in Chicago, Illinois, is an initiative founded by former United States President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease research. The center was dedicated in 1995. The development of the institute marked an important milestone in the maturation of Alzheimer's research; in 1982, most Alzheimer's research projects posed broad questions regarding the nature and effects of the disease, while the Reagan institute largely introduced – and expanded – the biological segment of disease","title":"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute"},{"docid":"4670357","text":"from the door of his car into the hotel without public access. At George Washington University, the Ronald Reagan Institute of Emergency Medicine was established in 1991. During the 2010–2011 renovation done in preparation for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum in Simi Valley, California, installed a sound and photo diorama depicting the assassination attempt, and visitors are warned of startling gunshot effects. Jerry Parr, who was inspired to become a Secret Service agent in childhood after seeing the 1939 film \"Code of the Secret Service\" starring Ronald Reagan, received","title":"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"12942078","text":"Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan The second inauguration of Ronald Reagan as President of the United States was held privately on Sunday, January 20, 1985 in the Grand Foyer of the White House, and publicly the following day, January 21, 1985 at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The inauguration marked the commencement of the second four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of George H. W. Bush as Vice President. As the weather outside was harsh, with daytime temperatures of and wind chills of , the event organizers were forced to move the public inaugural ceremony, which","title":"Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"3246987","text":"hosted the second Republican presidential debate of the 2015-2016 cycle, run by CNN. 15 candidates took part in two sessions. The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and General Electric (GE) announced a partnership beginning March 17, 2010, to support the two-year-long celebration of President Reagan's 100th birthday on February 6, 2011. GE, for whom Reagan hosted General Electric Theater and served as a goodwill ambassador from 1954 to 1962, prior to being elected Governor of California, served as the Presenting Sponsor of the historic Reagan Centennial Celebration. GE's overall participation as Presenting Sponsor of the Ronald Reagan Centennial Celebration included: The","title":"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library"},{"docid":"10344938","text":"Soviet mission that could end up destroying the planet itself. He later expressed gratitude to the Earth Corps for stopping the Soviet plan. Reagan was portrayed by voice actor Neil Ross. Ronald Reagan awarded scientist Health Blasedale for her work in solar power in the Transformers children's book \"Sun Raid\" by Merrill Farnsworth. Ronald Reagan met Captain America in Marvel Comics, would become the paranormal hero \"Teflon\" in New Universe and was even depicted as the star of the Solsons' Comics series Reagans Raiders, in 1987. Marvel Transformers UK Annual 1985 contained a story called \"Plague of the Insecticons\". Optimus","title":"Ronald Reagan in fiction"},{"docid":"788450","text":"Japan in 2015. In 2015 the \"Ronald Reagan\" replaced in Japan as the US Navy's only forward deployed aircraft carrier and took her new place as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group Five and Carrier Air Wing Five (CVW-5). On 1 October 2015, \"Ronald Reagan\" arrived in her newest home port, Yokosuka in Kanagawa Prefecture. CVW-5 was based at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, which is also located in Kanagawa Prefecture. The ship was open for the public to tour on 12 October. On 29 October two Russian Tupolev Tu-142 bombers flew within one mile of the ship at low altitude.","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788437","text":"January 2007 on an unscheduled surge deployment to the Western Pacific, fulfilling the role of the forward deployed carrier while it underwent maintenance in Japan. On 20 April 2007, \"Ronald Reagan\" and her CSG returned to Coronado. The \"surge deployment\" was part of the Navy's Fleet Response Plan, which provides the US with the ability to respond to any global commitment with flexible and sustainable forces and the ability to rapidly respond to a range of situations on short notice. In January 2007, it was announced that \"Ronald Reagan\" had earned the 2006 Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific Carrier Battle","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788428","text":"to one command carrying out two functions. In October 2015, \"Ronald Reagan\" replaced as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group Five, the only forward-based carrier strike group home-ported at Yokosuka, Japan, as part of the United States Seventh Fleet. The contract to build \"Ronald Reagan\" was awarded to Northrop Grumman Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 8 December 1994, and her keel was laid down on 12 February 1998. The budget for the ship had to be increased several times, and ultimately $4.5 billion were spent on her construction. This included a redesigned ship","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"6450499","text":"the Montgomery Heritage District. The majority of Ronald Reagan Highway, between Interstates 275 and 71, is included in the National Highway System (NHS). The NHS is a network of highways that are identified as being most important for the economy, mobility, and defense of the nation. The entirety of Ronald Reagan Highway has two lanes in each direction, with speed limits ranging from . ODOT's State Farm Safety Patrol vans provide assistance to stranded motorists along Cincinnati-area highways, including the entirety of Ronald Reagan Highway, on weekdays from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Cross County Highway was conceived in the","title":"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway"},{"docid":"6450496","text":"17, 1993, it became the first highway to be named after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan Highway was mostly transferred to the state highway system in 1997. Ronald Reagan Highway begins as a county-maintained highway in Colerain Township, from Interstate 275 to Colerain Avenue (U.S. Route 27 / State Route 126) in the community of Groesbeck. This westernmost portion is designated as County Road 453; however, signs indicate this stretch solely by its name. From Groesbeck, the highway carries State Route 126 along a path roughly parallel to the Norwood Lateral, State Route 562, to a junction with","title":"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway"},{"docid":"1530929","text":"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an airport in Arlington, Virginia that acts as the primary airport serving Washington, D.C. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. For decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government due to its proximity to the national capital. It is located in the neighborhood of Crystal City in the county of Arlington, Virginia, south of Downtown","title":"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport"},{"docid":"10545070","text":"for sale in 2003 and purchased by WPW Partners of Chicago. The Reagan Birthplace is similar to most of the commercial buildings along Tampico's Main Street. It is brick, two stories tall, has three second-story windows and a cornice. Only the area's oldest buildings differ from the Reagan Birthplace's metal cornices and flat headed windows. The structure known as Ronald Reagan's Birthplace is most notable for being the place where Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911. The building's first floor interior has been restored as the First National Bank, which occupied the property from 1919–1931. On the second","title":"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788455","text":"the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. In November destroyers assigned to \"Ronald Reagan\" conducted exercises with the Indian Navy after which the Indian Navy ships and a Japan Self-Defense Force destroyer conducted exercises with \"Ronald Reagan\". Later in November the vessel conducted drills with two other US aircraft carriers, and . It was the first time in a decade that three US carrier strike groups had operated together in Asia. They were also joined by the Japanese helicopter destroyer \"Ise\" and the guided missile destroyers \"Inazuma\" and \"Makinami\". After working with the Japanese warships the carrier groups conducted drills with seven","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788452","text":"a port call at Guam, and participating in Invincible Spirit, a joint exercise with South Korean forces in the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to Yokosuka on 21 November. From 10 January, the ship began a period of Selected Restricted Availability with a focus on part of the ship including the flight deck, hangar bays, and general living spaces. On 19 April the ship was visited by Vice President Mike Pence. On 7 May, the ship put to sea for sea trials before her annual patrol. Following a short period of sea trials, \"Ronald Reagan\"","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788449","text":"the Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard in Bremerton, Washington, for scheduled repair and maintenance beginning January 2012. On 10 January 2012, \"Ronald Reagan\"s official home port was changed to Bremerton, Washington, where she stayed for a little over a year until returning to her home port of San Diego on 21 March 2013. For the sailors being relocated, the Navy had many of their vehicles transported on the deck of the ship as a cost-saving measure. On 14 January 2014, the Navy announced that \"Ronald Reagan\" would replace her sister ship as the Seventh Fleet forward deployed carrier at Yokosuka,","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788439","text":"on 19 May 2008, for a scheduled 7th Fleet and 5th Fleet deployment. The \"Ronald Reagan\" CSG performed humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations in the Philippines on 24 June 2008 after that country was devastated by Typhoon Fengshen, killing hundreds from the central island regions and the main island of Luzon. The typhoon also capsized the passenger ferry MV \"Princess of the Stars\". Working in support of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, \"Ronald Reagan\" and her escorts of CSG 7 focused their efforts on the island of Panay in the Central Visayas. For eight days, SH-60 Seahawk helicopters","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788436","text":"28 January 2006, an F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter attempting a night landing aboard \"Ronald Reagan\" crashed into the ship's flight deck about southeast of Brisbane, Queensland. The aircraft struck the ramp at a low angle, caught fire, and skidded overboard. The pilot ejected safely, but the aircraft was lost. While in the port of Brisbane, the carrier's condensers became fouled with jellyfish, causing minor problems. The ship entered the Persian Gulf on 22 February 2006, and returned from deployment on 6 July 2006. \"Ronald Reagan\" and her Carrier Strike Group (CSG) departed North Island, Coronado in San Diego on 27","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"10341122","text":"Ronald Reagan High School (San Antonio) Ronald Reagan High School is a public high school located in the North East Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, and named for U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Previous school principals are Bill Boyd (2005-2013) and Joe Hannon (1999-2004). The school serves a portion of Timberwood Park. In 2013 Reagan was ranked fifth on Children at Risk's ranking of the top 10 high schools in Greater San Antonio. San Antonio, like many Sun Belt cities, experienced explosive growth in its suburbs beginning in the early 1990's. This growth was particularly evident in affluent areas","title":"Ronald Reagan High School (San Antonio)"},{"docid":"788444","text":"Naval Air Station North Island for sea trials. This was the final phase of the PIA, and it was conducted to assess the carriers material readiness to return to the operational fleet. \"Ronald Reagan\" pulled into Naval Air Station North Island on 19 May 2010 after completing her two-day sea trial, marking the official end to the ship's six-month PIA maintenance period. On 2 June 2010, \"Ronald Reagan\", with Carrier Air Wing Fourteen (CVW-14) embarked, departed Naval Air Station North Island to conduct flight deck certifications. Embarked squadrons included: Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron 4 (HS-4), Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323 (VMFA-323),","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"14751224","text":"April 8, 2010, by a 34–0 vote. After its approval in the Senate, SB 944 was sent to the Legislature's lower house, where the bill passed the Assembly Education Committee on June 16, 2010, by a 5–1 vote. The bill was approved by the full Assembly on June 28, 2010, by a 66–0 vote. On July 19, 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed SB 944 into law, making Ronald Reagan Day a permanent day of special significance in California. The bill declared the first Ronald Reagan Day to be February 6, 2011—Reagan's 100th birthday. The day is not a state holiday","title":"Ronald Reagan Day"},{"docid":"12754006","text":"books as having been considered by Reagan or being the most likely potential nominees for a Supreme Court appointment under Reagan: Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by Ronald Reagan even before his presidency officially began, due to the advanced ages of several justices, and Reagan's own highlighting of Supreme Court nominations as a campaign issue. Reagan had promised \"to appoint only those opposed to abortion and the 'judicial activism' of the Warren and Burger Courts\". Conversely, some opposed to Reagan argued that he could \"appoint as many","title":"Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates"},{"docid":"11223519","text":"The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan) The Eleventh Commandment was a phrase used by President Ronald Reagan during his 1966 campaign for Governor of California. The Commandment reads: While popularized by Reagan, \"The Eleventh Commandment\" was created by California Republican Party Chairman Gaylord Parkinson. In his 1990 autobiography \"An American Life\", Reagan attributed the rule to Parkinson, explained its origin, and claimed to have followed it: The goal was to prevent a repetition of the liberal Republican assault on Barry Goldwater, attacks which contributed to Goldwater's defeat in the 1964 presidential election. East Coast Republicans like Nelson Rockefeller labeled Goldwater an","title":"The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan)"},{"docid":"17402915","text":"Reagan purports that Social Security is a socialist attempt to supplant private savings, and eventually concludes that, \"Pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him.\" The first musical album which featured Reagan on the cover was \"Ronald Reagan Recommends Award Winning Music from Hollywood\", a promotional item produced by General Electric during Reagan's tenure as their spokesperson from 1953 to 1962. The LP features the General Electric Transcription Orchestra rendering such hits as \"Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah,\" \"White Christmas,\" and","title":"Ronald Reagan in music"},{"docid":"788456","text":"South Korean vessels, including two Aegis-equipped destroyers. The drills were timed to coincide with the Asian tour of US President Donald Trump amid tensions with North Korea. On 22 November, a C-2A Greyhound cargo plane of VRC-30 with 11 crew and passengers aboard crashed into the Philippine Sea 145 km northwest of Okinotorishima while flying from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni to the carrier. It was the first C-2 loss since 2005, and the first fatal crash since 1973. Eight of the 11 were rescued. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to Yokosuka on 4 December. From 17 May \"Ronald Reagan\" conducted sea","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788445","text":"Strike Fighter Squadron 154 (VFA-154), Strike Fighter Squadron 147 (VFA-147)* Strike Fighter Squadron 146 (VFA-146), Airborne Early Warning Squadron 113 (VAW-113) and Fleet Logistics Squadron 30 (VRC-30). The certification included a full evaluation of the arresting gear, steam catapults, and flight-deck personnel. \"Ronald Reagan\"s air department was assessed on its ability to maintain a fully operational flight deck and respond to simulated mishaps. During the summer of 2010, \"Ronald Reagan\" participated in Exercise RIMPAC, departed from Naval Air Station North Island, California, for a Board of Inspection and Survey assessment on 25 August 2010, and departed her homeport to conduct","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"788442","text":"Shipyard completed the six-month Planned Incremental Availability (PIA) maintenance cycle on \"Ronald Reagan\". This PIA project came in under budget, and it marked both Norfolk Naval Shipyard's largest off-site availability, as well as the largest public-sector work package ever performed on an aircraft carrier berthed at Naval Air Station North Island located near Coronado, California (\"pictured\"). During the maintenance period, \"Ronald Reagan\" received technological upgrades that prepared her for her next deployment and subsequent operations. Refurbishments included high-tech combat systems and firefighting equipment to improved ship's laundry services and living spaces. This PIA maintenance project was an example of the","title":"USS Ronald Reagan"},{"docid":"7196462","text":"Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School (RWR) is a high school located at 4965 South 20th Street in the Town of Lake neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It is a part of Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS). Formerly known as Town of Lake College Preparatory High School, the school changed its name following the death of former President Ronald Reagan in June 2004. The renaming was approved by the Milwaukee Board of School Directors on September 29, 2004, with the official renaming ceremony taking place on June 3, 2005. Ronald Wilson Reagan College","title":"Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School"},{"docid":"17402923","text":"Drag City later released a Crisis of Conformity single featuring the song \"Fist Fight in the Parking Lot\" whose opening lines \"When Ronald Reagan comes around / He brings the fascists to your town\" and subsequent mention of Alexander Haig are a sendup of similar lyrics by the Dead Kennedys and other 80s hardcore groups. In 2012, thrash metal band Municipal Waste formed the spinoff group, Iron Reagan. The band's name pays double tribute to the 1980s with a nod to the group Iron Maiden who enjoyed heavy airplay on MTV during Reagan's presidency. Musical references to Reagan continued to","title":"Ronald Reagan in music"},{"docid":"6450497","text":"Montgomery Road (U.S. Route 22 / State Route 3) in Montgomery. A girder bridge over Hamilton Avenue (U.S. Route 127) in North College Hill is instrumented with over 640 sensors to serve as a field laboratory for University of Cincinnati researchers and Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) bridge engineers. Ronald Reagan Highway has a complex junction with Interstate 75 in Cincinnati's Roselawn and Hartwell neighborhoods: southbound I-75 traffic must take Galbraith Road through Arlington Heights and Reading to access Ronald Reagan Highway, and westbound Ronald Reagan traffic must use the same route to reach northbound I-75. The short, easternmost stretch","title":"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway"},{"docid":"17402924","text":"persist in the late 2010s. Bright Eyes founder Conor Oberst's 2016 song \"A Little Uncanny\" comments on Reaganomics and explores the irony that Reagan's charisma distracted from the darker side of his policies. After numerous artists refused to perfrom during inaugural events for Donald Trump in January 2017, a 1980s cover band called the Reagan Years agreed to play at the All American Inaugural Ball at the Hyatt Regency Capitol Hill hotel amidst criticism for supporting a \"bigot, womanizer, horrible man.\" Ronald Reagan in music The appearance of Ronald Reagan in music includes mentions and depictions of the actor-turned-politician in","title":"Ronald Reagan in music"},{"docid":"6450498","text":"from Interstate 71 to Montgomery Road is a limited-access road, with I-71 ramps forming at-grade intersections with the highway. One of these intersections is unsignalized, requiring traffic from southbound I-71 to cross continuous westbound lanes of Ronald Reagan Highway and merge into continuous eastbound lanes of that highway. Ronald Reagan Highway ends abruptly at a junction with Montgomery Road. A short stub extends to the east. State Route 126 continues north- and eastward on Montgomery Road through Montgomery and Indian Hill. A redwood sign commemorating the dedication of Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway stands at the highway's eastern terminus in","title":"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"788441\",\n \"text\": \"Battle Efficiency Award. On 28 May 2009, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" deployed with Carrier Air Wing 14 to the 7th and 5th Fleet Areas of Responsibility. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" relieved the CSG and launched her first sorties in support of OEF on 6 July. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" returned to homeport on 21 October after a five-month deployment. In early 2010, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" was awarded the 2009 Chief of Naval Operations Afloat Safety \\\"S\\\" Award, and the 2009 Pacific Fleet Battle \\\"E\\\" for combat efficiency. The Battle \\\"E\\\" award was \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\"s second consecutive and third in four years. On 19 May 2010, Norfolk Naval\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342927\",\n \"text\": \"but rather a peaceful end; he said he was not intimidated by Reagan's harsh rhetoric. Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, said of Reagan, \\\"he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power... but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform.\\\" She later said, \\\"Ronald Reagan had a higher claim than any other leader to have won the Cold War for liberty and he did it without a shot being fired.\\\" Said Brian Mulroney, former Prime Minister of Canada: \\\"He enters history as a strong and\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11441711\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan filmography The filmography of Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) includes many motion pictures and television episodes. Reagan's acting career began in 1937 when he contracted with Warner Bros. Apart from his absence during World War II, Reagan would make most of his movies with Warner Bros. With the studio, he starred in such films as \\\"Dark Victory\\\", \\\"Knute Rockne, All American\\\", and \\\"Kings Row\\\" – which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1943. During World War II, Reagan served in the Army Air Force, assigned to the film production unit.\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14751225\",\n \"text\": \"but is to be marked by public schools with \\\"exercises remembering the life of Ronald Reagan, recognizing his accomplishments, and familiarizing pupils with the contributions he made to California.\\\" Schwarzenegger's immediate successor, Jerry Brown (who was, coincidentally, Reagan's immediate successor as Governor 36 years beforehand, and who was also the son of Pat Brown, whom Reagan defeated in the 1966 election to become governor) proclaimed Ronald Reagan Day in 2011, as obligated by SB 944. Ronald Reagan Day Ronald Reagan Day is a day of recognition that occurs every February 6, starting in 2011, in the state of California for\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9778915\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the private Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to \\\"those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide.\\\" Until her death, the award was given by Former First Lady Nancy Reagan on behalf of her husband, who died in June 2004. The award was first given in 1992, by President Ronald Reagan himself, as well as in 1993, but in 1994 Mrs. Reagan presented the award instead of her husband. Ronald Reagan had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342801\",\n \"text\": \"readings to the congregation during the services. A strong believer in the power of prayer, she led prayer meetings at church and was in charge of mid-week prayers when the pastor was out of town. Her strong commitment to the church is what induced her son Ronald to become a Protestant Christian rather than a Roman Catholic like his father. He also stated that she strongly influenced his own beliefs: \\\"I know that she planted that faith very deeply in me.\\\" According to Paul Kengor, author of \\\"God and Ronald Reagan\\\", Reagan had a particularly strong faith in the goodness\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342945\",\n \"text\": \"predecessor. In 2010, Schwarzenegger signed Senate Bill 944, authored by Senator George Runner, to make every February 6 Ronald Reagan Day in California. In 2007, Polish President Lech Kaczyński posthumously conferred on Reagan the highest Polish distinction, the Order of the White Eagle, saying that Reagan had inspired the Polish people to work for change and helped to unseat the repressive communist regime; Kaczyński said it \\\"would not have been possible if it was not for the tough-mindedness, determination, and feeling of mission of President Ronald Reagan.\\\" Reagan backed the nation of Poland throughout his presidency, supporting the anti-communist Solidarity\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7381501\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Trail The Ronald Reagan Trail is a collection of highways in central Illinois that connect villages and cities that were of importance to former United States President Ronald Reagan. The trail was established in 1999 by the state of Illinois' General Assembly, five years prior to former President Reagan's death in June 2004. The Reagan Trail was the brainchild of the late mayor of Eureka, Illinois Joe Serangeli. A volunteer-run Reagan Trail Association maintained a web presence and promoted the trail for its initial years, but the board was dissolved in July 2016 and website transferred to the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11441721\",\n \"text\": \"dedicated on February 9, 1960. \\\"(for releases not mentioned in the \\\"General\\\" sources)\\\" Ronald Reagan filmography The filmography of Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) includes many motion pictures and television episodes. Reagan's acting career began in 1937 when he contracted with Warner Bros. Apart from his absence during World War II, Reagan would make most of his movies with Warner Bros. With the studio, he starred in such films as \\\"Dark Victory\\\", \\\"Knute Rockne, All American\\\", and \\\"Kings Row\\\" – which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1943. During World War II,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9778917\",\n \"text\": \"with my predecessor's remarkable skill, who knows? I might still be employed.\\\" On a more serious note, he said later in the speech: \\\"Working with Ronald Reagan was one of the greatest joys of my life.\\\" Bush served as Reagan's Vice President for the eight years that Reagan was President. On September 17, 2008, the award was presented to former Soviet dissident Natan Sharansky by former first lady Nancy Reagan. Ronald Reagan Freedom Award The Ronald Reagan Freedom Award is the highest civilian honor bestowed by the private Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to \\\"those who have\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Freedom Award\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342946\",\n \"text\": \"movement, along with Pope John Paul II; the Ronald Reagan Park, a public facility in Gdańsk, was named in his honor. On June 3, 2009, Nancy Reagan unveiled a statue of her late husband in the United States Capitol rotunda. The statue represents the state of California in the National Statuary Hall Collection. After Reagan's death, both major American political parties agreed to erect a statue of Reagan in the place of that of Thomas Starr King. The day before, President Obama signed the Ronald Reagan Centennial Commission Act into law, establishing a commission to plan activities to mark the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342906\",\n \"text\": \"public. At the dedication ceremonies, five presidents were in attendance, as well as six first ladies, marking the first time that five presidents were gathered in the same location. Reagan continued publicly to speak in favor of a line-item veto; the Brady Bill; a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget; and the repeal of the 22nd Amendment, which prohibits anyone from serving more than two terms as president. In 1992 Reagan established the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award with the newly formed Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. His final public speech was on February 3, 1994, during a tribute to him in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7381503\",\n \"text\": \"Route 26 to Ohio, Illinois where it branches to Tampico, Illinois on Illinois Route 92 and Dixon, Illinois on Illinois 26. This segment has the following attractions: U.S. Route 34 merely connects Galesburg to Princeton to complete the trail. Ronald Reagan Trail The Ronald Reagan Trail is a collection of highways in central Illinois that connect villages and cities that were of importance to former United States President Ronald Reagan. The trail was established in 1999 by the state of Illinois' General Assembly, five years prior to former President Reagan's death in June 2004. The Reagan Trail was the brainchild\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Trail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7327021\",\n \"text\": \"work room. The lone outbuilding on the property was used by the brothers for such activities as raising rabbits. In the house's side yard Ronald and his brother would participate in pick-up football games. Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is the house located at 816 South Hennepin Avenue, Dixon, Illinois, in which the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan lived as a youth beginning in 1920. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home was constructed in Dixon, Illinois, in 1891; its design is\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7327016\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is the house located at 816 South Hennepin Avenue, Dixon, Illinois, in which the 40th President of the United States Ronald Reagan lived as a youth beginning in 1920. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home was constructed in Dixon, Illinois, in 1891; its design is fairly typical of American houses during the time period. The house's original owners were William C. and Susan Thompson; it was eventually sold, in 1917. The home's most significant period was between 1920 and\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342947\",\n \"text\": \"upcoming centenary of Reagan's birth. Independence Day 2011 saw the unveiling of another statue to Reagan—this time in the British capital of London, outside the U.S. embassy in Grosvenor Square. The unveiling was supposed to be attended by Reagan's wife Nancy, but she did not attend; former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice took her place and read a statement on her behalf; further to the former First Lady's absence, President Reagan's friend and British prime minister during his presidency, Baroness Thatcher, was also unable to attend due to frail health. Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911June 5,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10545071\",\n \"text\": \"floor the apartment has been restored to the period when Reagan was born. The site offers tours to the public and is listed as a \\\"significant\\\" contributing property to the Tampico Main Street Historic District. The Main Street Historic District was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982. Birthplace of Ronald Reagan The Birthplace of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Graham Building, is located in an apartment on the second floor of a late 19th-century commercial building in Tampico, Illinois, United States. The building was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from\",\n \"title\": \"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788438\",\n \"text\": \"Efficiency \\\"E\\\" award for the West Coast, the first Battle \\\"E\\\" ever for the carrier. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" returned to Naval Air Station North Island on 20 April 2007, following the three-month deployment in support of operations in the Western Pacific. On 15 December 2007, the carrier answered a distress call from a cruise ship off the coast of Baja California. An Illinois teenager whose appendix had ruptured while on a Mexican cruise was airlifted by an SH-60 helicopter to \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\", where an emergency appendectomy was performed by the ship's surgeon. USS \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\", with CVW-14 embarked, departed San Diego\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788435\",\n \"text\": \"the US national anthem was publicly played. After leaving Rio, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" transited the Strait of Magellan on 20–21 June and subsequently made port visits to Valparaíso, Chile, and Callao, Peru, before arriving in San Diego on 23 July 2004. From 1 October 2004, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" was assigned to Carrier Strike Group Fifteen. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\", now with Terry B. Kraft in command, departed San Diego on 4 January 2006, on her maiden deployment to conduct naval operations in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, as well as to conduct maritime security operations in the Persian Gulf. On\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14751223\",\n \"text\": \"California and that state's only governor to become President of the United States, several of his successors proclaimed February 6 as Ronald Reagan Day in California in his honor. Governor Gray Davis, a Democrat, proclaimed February 6 \\\"Ronald Reagan Day\\\" in both 2002 and 2003. Davis's Republican successor, Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed February 6 Ronald Reagan Day in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Senator George Runner introduced Senate Bill 944 on February 3, 2010. The bill passed the Senate Education Committee on March 24, 2010, by a 7–0 vote. SB 944 was approved by the full Senate on\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6981475\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway Ronald Reagan Parkway (RRP) is a controlled-access highway located in the eastern part of the Atlanta metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its route is entirely within Gwinnett County, connecting the Lilburn area with Snellville. It is named after Ronald Reagan, the 40th president. The highway was spearheaded by then-Gwinnett County chairman Wayne Mason in the mid-1990s. The parkway begins at an intersection with Pleasant Hill Road, northeast of Lilburn. It passes just north of Browne Lake and has an interchange with US 29/SR 8 (Lawrenceville Highway). On the northeast side of Bethesda Park is\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788429\",\n \"text\": \"island. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" was christened by Reagan's wife Nancy on 4 March 2001 at Newport News Shipbuilding, the crew moved aboard on 30 October 2002, and the ship was commissioned on 12 July 2003 at Naval Station Norfolk, with Captain J. W. Goodwin in command. Vice President Dick Cheney and Lynne Cheney were both present at the ceremony, as well as Nancy Reagan, who gave the ship's crew the traditional first order as an active unit of the Navy: \\\"Man the ship and bring her to life.\\\" \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" made her maiden voyage on 21 July 2003. President Reagan, who\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342943\",\n \"text\": \"Heritage award for his support of the U.S. Navy and military in both his film career and while he served as president. Congress authorized the creation of the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home in Dixon, Illinois in 2002, pending federal purchase of the property. On May 16 of that year, Nancy Reagan accepted the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor bestowed by Congress, on behalf of the president and herself. After Reagan's death, the United States Postal Service issued a President Ronald Reagan commemorative postage stamp in 2005. Later in the year, CNN, along with the editors of \\\"Time\\\" magazine,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11550267\",\n \"text\": \"be better for the senior citizens. ... I was not opposing the principle of providing care for them...\\\" Carter's campaign accused Reagan of \\\"rewriting history\\\", saying that there was no such alternative legislation. Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring Ronald Reagan. In this more than ten-minute recording, Reagan \\\"criticized Social Security for \\\"supplanting\\\" private savings and warned that subsidized medicine would curtail Americans' freedom\\\" and that \\\"pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788440\",\n \"text\": \"and C-2A Greyhound aircraft of the \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" CSG helped deliver more than of rice, fresh water, and other supplies to areas of Panay, which were not reachable by truck due to flooded roads. The mission in Panay earned the entire strike group the Navy's Humanitarian Service Medal. The CSG arrived in the U.S. Fifth Fleet area on 28 August 2008, where she launched more than 1,150 sorties into Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" returned to San Diego on 25 November 2008. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" received word in February 2009 that the ship had won her second\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10344937\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan in fiction This article is about fictional appearances of the real-life person Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan would make numerous appearances in popular fiction, particularly in his role as US president in the 1980s. Reagan appeared as one of the supporting characters in the \\\"Inhumanoids\\\" episode \\\"The Surma Plan\\\" as president of the United States. Upon learning that the Soviet leadership were planning an Earth-threatening attack on the lair of the Inhumanoid leader Metlar, Reagan first suggested that they contact the Soviets. After being advised that the Soviets wouldn't listen he instead contacted the Earth Corps to stop the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11441720\",\n \"text\": \"actors such as Reagan had no place in politics because of a lack of knowledge. However Reagan's image of a strong, true American, which stemmed from his roles in films, drew support for his campaigns. The idea of Reagan being an actor who so easily stepped into politics also helped him gain support from voters who were tired of traditional politics. In 1980 he was elected President of the United States. Throughout his film career, his mother often answered much of his fan mail. Ronald Reagan was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame when the walk was\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan filmography\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14453865\",\n \"text\": \"during Reagan's governorship was on April 12, 1967, when Aaron Mitchell's sentence was carried out by the state in San Quentin's gas chamber. Reagan's terms as governor helped to shape the policies he would pursue in his later political career as president. By campaigning on a platform of sending \\\"the welfare bums back to work\\\", he spoke out against the idea of the welfare state. He also strongly advocated for less government regulation of the economy and against what he believed to be undue federal taxation. Governorship of Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan was the Governor of California for two terms,\",\n \"title\": \"Governorship of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19186486\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana) Ronald Reagan Parkway and Ameriplex Parkway is a parkway-type road named in part after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The road was commissioned in the 1990s, and the initial section from U.S. Highway 36 to County Road 100 N (CR 100 N) was completed in 1996. It was later extended to CR 200 N. The segment from CR 200 N to CR 300 N opened in early 2015. Construction on The section from CR 300 N to the existing road connecting to US 136 began in 2015 and was completed in late 2017. Another extension via\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7327019\",\n \"text\": \"covered with cedar shingles. The Reagan Boyhood Home is most significant as the home of 40th U.S. President Ronald Reagan and his family from late 1920 until 1923. Reagan was nine years old at the time and in grade school. Though the family moved from the house they remained in Dixon throughout the former president's formative years. For its association with Reagan and significance in the area of politics and government the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 26, 1982. According to the National Register of Historic Places documentation, Ronald Reagan stated that the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342919\",\n \"text\": \"Reagan entourage was flown back to the Ronald W. Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, where another service was held, and President Reagan was interred. At the time of his death, Reagan was the longest-lived president in U.S. history, having lived 93 years and 120 days (2 years, 8 months, and 23 days longer than John Adams, whose record he surpassed). He was the first U.S. president to die in the 21st century, and his was the first state funeral in the United States since that of President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1973. His burial site is inscribed with\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11550259\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine is a 1961 LP featuring Ronald Reagan. In this more than ten-minute recording, Reagan \\\"criticized Social Security for \\\"supplanting\\\" private savings and warned that subsidized medicine would curtail Americans' freedom\\\" and that \\\"pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him.\\\" Roger Lowenstein called the LP part of a \\\"stealth program\\\" conducted by the American Medical Association (see Operation Coffee Cup). Reagan opens by\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10545065\",\n \"text\": \"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan The Birthplace of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Graham Building, is located in an apartment on the second floor of a late 19th-century commercial building in Tampico, Illinois, United States. The building was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from that time until 1915. On February 6, 1911 the future 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, was born in the apartment there, the family moving into a house in Tampico a few months later. Architecturally, the two-story brick building is similar to its neighbors, all of which are part of a historic\",\n \"title\": \"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6981477\",\n \"text\": \"a system of roadways important to the nation's economy, defense, and mobility. The parkway was established in 1995 along the same alignment it runs today. In 2009, new plans were developed to extend Ronald Reagan Parkway as a toll road to directly connect with I-85. On June 23, 2009, Gwinnett County voted to approve a partnership with a private firm to study extending the Ronald Reagan Parkway to I-85. The study cost $1.4 million and was funded by the County. The plans were abandoned in February 2013 due to public concerns about tolls, potential traffic and the road path. Ronald\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788431\",\n \"text\": \"of any kind to be named in honor of a living former president. Unlike most of the other men honored by inclusion in this group, Reagan was not associated with the United States Navy, apart from his term as Commander-in-Chief, though one of his key initiatives in office was the 600-ship Navy program. The design of \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\"s seal was created entirely by her plankowner crew with historical assistance provided by staff members at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library foundation. The red border that rings the ship's seal is similar to the distinctive red rim that defines the White House\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342905\",\n \"text\": \"companies doing business with his department to make campaign contributions on his behalf. Reagan determined that the 18-year sentence was excessive compared to what other political figures in similar circumstances had been receiving. After leaving office in 1989, the Reagans purchased a home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, in addition to the Reagan Ranch in Santa Barbara. They regularly attended Bel Air Church and occasionally made appearances on behalf of the Republican Party; Reagan delivered a well-received speech at the 1992 Republican National Convention. Previously on November 4, 1991, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library was dedicated and opened to the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342838\",\n \"text\": \"nomination, he received 307 write-in votes in New Hampshire, 388 votes as an Independent on Wyoming's ballot, and a single electoral vote from a faithless elector in the November election from the state of Washington, which Ford had won over Democratic challenger Jimmy Carter. After the campaign, Reagan remained in the public debate with the Ronald Reagan Radio Commentary series and his political action committee, Citizens for the Republic, which was later revived in Alexandria, Virginia, in 2009 by the Reagan biographer Craig Shirley. The 1980 presidential election featured Reagan against incumbent President Jimmy Carter and was conducted amid a\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11701372\",\n \"text\": \"research. The institute has awarded $12 million in research grants, and created the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute Award, given to individuals who have contributed greatly to Alzheimer's research. President Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's in 1994, and released a letter to the American people announcing his affliction.His diagnosis and decision to go public with the news greatly affected the perception of Alzheimer's and reduced the stigma attached to the disease. In 1995, he and Mrs. Reagan established the institute. When the president became too incapacitated and could not function normally, Nancy Reagan began supporting federally funded embryonic\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10344941\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet forces in Latin America and serving as the president's right-hand man. Though unnamed, this president bears an identical resemblance to Reagan, who was in office when the comic was published. He also possesses Reagan's folksy way of speaking. Reagan was also a key character in the satirical comic strip \\\"Benchley\\\" by Mort Drucker and Jerry Dumas. The plot revolved around the fictive character Benchley who served as Reagan's assistant. In the second season of the television series \\\"Fargo\\\", Reagan (Bruce Campbell) makes a stop during his first presidential campaign in 1979 in the titular town. Ronald Reagan in fiction\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342944\",\n \"text\": \"named him the \\\"most fascinating person\\\" of the network's first 25 years; \\\"Time\\\" listed Reagan one of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century as well. The Discovery Channel asked its viewers to vote for The Greatest American in June 2005; Reagan placed in first place, ahead of Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. In 2006, Reagan was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum. Every year from 2002, California governors Gray Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed February 6 \\\"Ronald Reagan Day\\\" in the state of California in honor of their most famous\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6450512\",\n \"text\": \"the westbound exit ramp of Ronald Reagan Highway and Colerain Avenue had 20 collisions in 2014 (none of which involved injuries), making it the fifth most crash-prone intersection on a Hamilton County road that year. On August 15, 1998, a Cessna 152 departing from Blue Ash Airport bound for Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport ran out of fuel and collided with a car, killing three, as it attempted an emergency landing on Ronald Reagan Highway. Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway, formerly and locally known as Cross County Highway, is a west-east freeway in Hamilton County, Ohio,\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11797210\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald W. Reagan High School Ronald Wilson Reagan High School is a high school under the direction of the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools system in Pfafftown, North Carolina, United States, and is named after former US president Ronald Reagan. It had a student population of approximately 1,850 for the 2014-2015 school year. The school was constructed to begin operation at the beginning of the 2005-2006 school year. Reagan was a North Carolina 4A school, the state's highest level. Reagan's student population increased since its opening, reaching the full available capacity until additions are made. A new wing was completed and opened\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald W. Reagan High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11797220\",\n \"text\": \"in a single-vehicle accident believed to have been due to sending text messages while driving. A memorial garden has been established in the southeast corner of the campus. Ronald W. Reagan High School Ronald Wilson Reagan High School is a high school under the direction of the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools system in Pfafftown, North Carolina, United States, and is named after former US president Ronald Reagan. It had a student population of approximately 1,850 for the 2014-2015 school year. The school was constructed to begin operation at the beginning of the 2005-2006 school year. Reagan was a North Carolina 4A\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald W. Reagan High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1530966\",\n \"text\": \"well as four occupants of vehicles on the bridge. President Reagan cited motorist Lenny Skutnik in his State of the Union Address a few weeks later. Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an airport in Arlington, Virginia that acts as the primary airport serving Washington, D.C. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. For decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10344939\",\n \"text\": \"Prime lead Prowl and Warpath to a meeting with President Ronald Reagan in Washington D.C. to open a dialog between the Autobots and the US government. The evil Insecticons attack the US military in the name of the Autobots hoping to derail the peace talks. Although the Autobots managed to chase off the Insecticons Optimus Prime gave up on explaining the misunderstanding to Reagan, thinking he would never be believed. Reagan had been ready to hear what Optimus had to say and was disappointed they gave up so easily. In 1986, Ronald Reagan made an appearance in volume 1, issue\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17402868\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan in music The appearance of Ronald Reagan in music includes mentions and depictions of the actor-turned-politician in songs, albums, music videos, and band names, particularly during his two terms as President of the United States. Reagan first appeared on a few album covers during his time as a Hollywood actor, well before his political career. During the 1960s, folk, rock and satirical musicians critiqued Reagan in his early years as Governor of California for his red-baiting and attacks on Berkeley's Free Speech Movement. In the 1980s songs critiquing Reagan became more widespread and numerous once he ascended to\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in music\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19186488\",\n \"text\": \"Parkway, and a two-way stop intersection with Airtech Parkway. Then, it comes to its former northern terminus, at a light with US 40. It then goes north, going through two more lights at CR 200 S (Bradford Road), and CR 100 S (Morris Street). It then goes through traffic light at US 36, CR 100 N (10th Street), and CR 200 N (21st Street), before coming to its northern terminus at CR 300 N (30th Street). Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana) Ronald Reagan Parkway and Ameriplex Parkway is a parkway-type road named in part after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Parkway (Indiana)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342942\",\n \"text\": \"into law by President Bill Clinton. That year, the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center was dedicated in Washington, D.C. He was among 18 included in Gallup's most admired man and woman poll of the 20th century, from a poll conducted in the U.S. in 1999; two years later, was christened by Nancy Reagan and the United States Navy. It is one of few Navy ships christened in honor of a living person and the first aircraft carrier to be named in honor of a living former president. In 1998 the U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation awarded Reagan its Naval\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"342941\",\n \"text\": \"the WPPAC's Top Honor Prize because he signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with H.E. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (then President of Russia), ending the cold war. On January 18, 1993, Reagan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom (awarded with distinction), the highest honor that the United States can bestow, from President George H. W. Bush, his Vice President and successor. Reagan was also awarded the Republican Senatorial Medal of Freedom, the highest honor bestowed by Republican members of the Senate. On Reagan's 87th birthday, in 1998, Washington National Airport was renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport by a bill signed\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11701371\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an affiliate of the National Alzheimer's Association in Chicago, Illinois, is an initiative founded by former United States President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan to accelerate the progress of Alzheimer's disease research. The center was dedicated in 1995. The development of the institute marked an important milestone in the maturation of Alzheimer's research; in 1982, most Alzheimer's research projects posed broad questions regarding the nature and effects of the disease, while the Reagan institute largely introduced – and expanded – the biological segment of disease\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4670357\",\n \"text\": \"from the door of his car into the hotel without public access. At George Washington University, the Ronald Reagan Institute of Emergency Medicine was established in 1991. During the 2010–2011 renovation done in preparation for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of his birth, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum in Simi Valley, California, installed a sound and photo diorama depicting the assassination attempt, and visitors are warned of startling gunshot effects. Jerry Parr, who was inspired to become a Secret Service agent in childhood after seeing the 1939 film \\\"Code of the Secret Service\\\" starring Ronald Reagan, received\",\n \"title\": \"Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12942078\",\n \"text\": \"Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan The second inauguration of Ronald Reagan as President of the United States was held privately on Sunday, January 20, 1985 in the Grand Foyer of the White House, and publicly the following day, January 21, 1985 at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. The inauguration marked the commencement of the second four-year term of Ronald Reagan as President and of George H. W. Bush as Vice President. As the weather outside was harsh, with daytime temperatures of and wind chills of , the event organizers were forced to move the public inaugural ceremony, which\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3246987\",\n \"text\": \"hosted the second Republican presidential debate of the 2015-2016 cycle, run by CNN. 15 candidates took part in two sessions. The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and General Electric (GE) announced a partnership beginning March 17, 2010, to support the two-year-long celebration of President Reagan's 100th birthday on February 6, 2011. GE, for whom Reagan hosted General Electric Theater and served as a goodwill ambassador from 1954 to 1962, prior to being elected Governor of California, served as the Presenting Sponsor of the historic Reagan Centennial Celebration. GE's overall participation as Presenting Sponsor of the Ronald Reagan Centennial Celebration included: The\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Presidential Library\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10344938\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet mission that could end up destroying the planet itself. He later expressed gratitude to the Earth Corps for stopping the Soviet plan. Reagan was portrayed by voice actor Neil Ross. Ronald Reagan awarded scientist Health Blasedale for her work in solar power in the Transformers children's book \\\"Sun Raid\\\" by Merrill Farnsworth. Ronald Reagan met Captain America in Marvel Comics, would become the paranormal hero \\\"Teflon\\\" in New Universe and was even depicted as the star of the Solsons' Comics series Reagans Raiders, in 1987. Marvel Transformers UK Annual 1985 contained a story called \\\"Plague of the Insecticons\\\". Optimus\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in fiction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788450\",\n \"text\": \"Japan in 2015. In 2015 the \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" replaced in Japan as the US Navy's only forward deployed aircraft carrier and took her new place as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group Five and Carrier Air Wing Five (CVW-5). On 1 October 2015, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" arrived in her newest home port, Yokosuka in Kanagawa Prefecture. CVW-5 was based at Naval Air Facility Atsugi, which is also located in Kanagawa Prefecture. The ship was open for the public to tour on 12 October. On 29 October two Russian Tupolev Tu-142 bombers flew within one mile of the ship at low altitude.\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788437\",\n \"text\": \"January 2007 on an unscheduled surge deployment to the Western Pacific, fulfilling the role of the forward deployed carrier while it underwent maintenance in Japan. On 20 April 2007, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" and her CSG returned to Coronado. The \\\"surge deployment\\\" was part of the Navy's Fleet Response Plan, which provides the US with the ability to respond to any global commitment with flexible and sustainable forces and the ability to rapidly respond to a range of situations on short notice. In January 2007, it was announced that \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" had earned the 2006 Commander, Naval Air Forces Pacific Carrier Battle\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788428\",\n \"text\": \"to one command carrying out two functions. In October 2015, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" replaced as the flagship of Carrier Strike Group Five, the only forward-based carrier strike group home-ported at Yokosuka, Japan, as part of the United States Seventh Fleet. The contract to build \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" was awarded to Northrop Grumman Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia, on 8 December 1994, and her keel was laid down on 12 February 1998. The budget for the ship had to be increased several times, and ultimately $4.5 billion were spent on her construction. This included a redesigned ship\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6450499\",\n \"text\": \"the Montgomery Heritage District. The majority of Ronald Reagan Highway, between Interstates 275 and 71, is included in the National Highway System (NHS). The NHS is a network of highways that are identified as being most important for the economy, mobility, and defense of the nation. The entirety of Ronald Reagan Highway has two lanes in each direction, with speed limits ranging from . ODOT's State Farm Safety Patrol vans provide assistance to stranded motorists along Cincinnati-area highways, including the entirety of Ronald Reagan Highway, on weekdays from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Cross County Highway was conceived in the\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6450496\",\n \"text\": \"17, 1993, it became the first highway to be named after former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Ronald Reagan Highway was mostly transferred to the state highway system in 1997. Ronald Reagan Highway begins as a county-maintained highway in Colerain Township, from Interstate 275 to Colerain Avenue (U.S. Route 27 / State Route 126) in the community of Groesbeck. This westernmost portion is designated as County Road 453; however, signs indicate this stretch solely by its name. From Groesbeck, the highway carries State Route 126 along a path roughly parallel to the Norwood Lateral, State Route 562, to a junction with\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1530929\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is an airport in Arlington, Virginia that acts as the primary airport serving Washington, D.C. It is the nearest commercial airport to the capital and serves the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. For decades it was called Washington National Airport before being renamed to honor President Ronald Reagan in 1998. The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) operates the airport with close oversight by the federal government due to its proximity to the national capital. It is located in the neighborhood of Crystal City in the county of Arlington, Virginia, south of Downtown\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10545070\",\n \"text\": \"for sale in 2003 and purchased by WPW Partners of Chicago. The Reagan Birthplace is similar to most of the commercial buildings along Tampico's Main Street. It is brick, two stories tall, has three second-story windows and a cornice. Only the area's oldest buildings differ from the Reagan Birthplace's metal cornices and flat headed windows. The structure known as Ronald Reagan's Birthplace is most notable for being the place where Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911. The building's first floor interior has been restored as the First National Bank, which occupied the property from 1919–1931. On the second\",\n \"title\": \"Birthplace of Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788455\",\n \"text\": \"the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. In November destroyers assigned to \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" conducted exercises with the Indian Navy after which the Indian Navy ships and a Japan Self-Defense Force destroyer conducted exercises with \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\". Later in November the vessel conducted drills with two other US aircraft carriers, and . It was the first time in a decade that three US carrier strike groups had operated together in Asia. They were also joined by the Japanese helicopter destroyer \\\"Ise\\\" and the guided missile destroyers \\\"Inazuma\\\" and \\\"Makinami\\\". After working with the Japanese warships the carrier groups conducted drills with seven\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788452\",\n \"text\": \"a port call at Guam, and participating in Invincible Spirit, a joint exercise with South Korean forces in the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" returned to Yokosuka on 21 November. From 10 January, the ship began a period of Selected Restricted Availability with a focus on part of the ship including the flight deck, hangar bays, and general living spaces. On 19 April the ship was visited by Vice President Mike Pence. On 7 May, the ship put to sea for sea trials before her annual patrol. Following a short period of sea trials, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788449\",\n \"text\": \"the Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard in Bremerton, Washington, for scheduled repair and maintenance beginning January 2012. On 10 January 2012, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\"s official home port was changed to Bremerton, Washington, where she stayed for a little over a year until returning to her home port of San Diego on 21 March 2013. For the sailors being relocated, the Navy had many of their vehicles transported on the deck of the ship as a cost-saving measure. On 14 January 2014, the Navy announced that \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" would replace her sister ship as the Seventh Fleet forward deployed carrier at Yokosuka,\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788439\",\n \"text\": \"on 19 May 2008, for a scheduled 7th Fleet and 5th Fleet deployment. The \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" CSG performed humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations in the Philippines on 24 June 2008 after that country was devastated by Typhoon Fengshen, killing hundreds from the central island regions and the main island of Luzon. The typhoon also capsized the passenger ferry MV \\\"Princess of the Stars\\\". Working in support of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" and her escorts of CSG 7 focused their efforts on the island of Panay in the Central Visayas. For eight days, SH-60 Seahawk helicopters\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788436\",\n \"text\": \"28 January 2006, an F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter attempting a night landing aboard \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" crashed into the ship's flight deck about southeast of Brisbane, Queensland. The aircraft struck the ramp at a low angle, caught fire, and skidded overboard. The pilot ejected safely, but the aircraft was lost. While in the port of Brisbane, the carrier's condensers became fouled with jellyfish, causing minor problems. The ship entered the Persian Gulf on 22 February 2006, and returned from deployment on 6 July 2006. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" and her Carrier Strike Group (CSG) departed North Island, Coronado in San Diego on 27\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10341122\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan High School (San Antonio) Ronald Reagan High School is a public high school located in the North East Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas, and named for U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Previous school principals are Bill Boyd (2005-2013) and Joe Hannon (1999-2004). The school serves a portion of Timberwood Park. In 2013 Reagan was ranked fifth on Children at Risk's ranking of the top 10 high schools in Greater San Antonio. San Antonio, like many Sun Belt cities, experienced explosive growth in its suburbs beginning in the early 1990's. This growth was particularly evident in affluent areas\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan High School (San Antonio)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788444\",\n \"text\": \"Naval Air Station North Island for sea trials. This was the final phase of the PIA, and it was conducted to assess the carriers material readiness to return to the operational fleet. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" pulled into Naval Air Station North Island on 19 May 2010 after completing her two-day sea trial, marking the official end to the ship's six-month PIA maintenance period. On 2 June 2010, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\", with Carrier Air Wing Fourteen (CVW-14) embarked, departed Naval Air Station North Island to conduct flight deck certifications. Embarked squadrons included: Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron 4 (HS-4), Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 323 (VMFA-323),\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14751224\",\n \"text\": \"April 8, 2010, by a 34–0 vote. After its approval in the Senate, SB 944 was sent to the Legislature's lower house, where the bill passed the Assembly Education Committee on June 16, 2010, by a 5–1 vote. The bill was approved by the full Assembly on June 28, 2010, by a 66–0 vote. On July 19, 2010, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed SB 944 into law, making Ronald Reagan Day a permanent day of special significance in California. The bill declared the first Ronald Reagan Day to be February 6, 2011—Reagan's 100th birthday. The day is not a state holiday\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Day\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12754006\",\n \"text\": \"books as having been considered by Reagan or being the most likely potential nominees for a Supreme Court appointment under Reagan: Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by Ronald Reagan even before his presidency officially began, due to the advanced ages of several justices, and Reagan's own highlighting of Supreme Court nominations as a campaign issue. Reagan had promised \\\"to appoint only those opposed to abortion and the 'judicial activism' of the Warren and Burger Courts\\\". Conversely, some opposed to Reagan argued that he could \\\"appoint as many\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Supreme Court candidates\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11223519\",\n \"text\": \"The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan) The Eleventh Commandment was a phrase used by President Ronald Reagan during his 1966 campaign for Governor of California. The Commandment reads: While popularized by Reagan, \\\"The Eleventh Commandment\\\" was created by California Republican Party Chairman Gaylord Parkinson. In his 1990 autobiography \\\"An American Life\\\", Reagan attributed the rule to Parkinson, explained its origin, and claimed to have followed it: The goal was to prevent a repetition of the liberal Republican assault on Barry Goldwater, attacks which contributed to Goldwater's defeat in the 1964 presidential election. East Coast Republicans like Nelson Rockefeller labeled Goldwater an\",\n \"title\": \"The Eleventh Commandment (Ronald Reagan)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17402915\",\n \"text\": \"Reagan purports that Social Security is a socialist attempt to supplant private savings, and eventually concludes that, \\\"Pretty soon your son won't decide when he's in school, where he will go or what he will do for a living. He will wait for the government to tell him.\\\" The first musical album which featured Reagan on the cover was \\\"Ronald Reagan Recommends Award Winning Music from Hollywood\\\", a promotional item produced by General Electric during Reagan's tenure as their spokesperson from 1953 to 1962. The LP features the General Electric Transcription Orchestra rendering such hits as \\\"Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah,\\\" \\\"White Christmas,\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in music\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788456\",\n \"text\": \"South Korean vessels, including two Aegis-equipped destroyers. The drills were timed to coincide with the Asian tour of US President Donald Trump amid tensions with North Korea. On 22 November, a C-2A Greyhound cargo plane of VRC-30 with 11 crew and passengers aboard crashed into the Philippine Sea 145 km northwest of Okinotorishima while flying from Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni to the carrier. It was the first C-2 loss since 2005, and the first fatal crash since 1973. Eight of the 11 were rescued. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" returned to Yokosuka on 4 December. From 17 May \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" conducted sea\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788445\",\n \"text\": \"Strike Fighter Squadron 154 (VFA-154), Strike Fighter Squadron 147 (VFA-147)* Strike Fighter Squadron 146 (VFA-146), Airborne Early Warning Squadron 113 (VAW-113) and Fleet Logistics Squadron 30 (VRC-30). The certification included a full evaluation of the arresting gear, steam catapults, and flight-deck personnel. \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\"s air department was assessed on its ability to maintain a fully operational flight deck and respond to simulated mishaps. During the summer of 2010, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" participated in Exercise RIMPAC, departed from Naval Air Station North Island, California, for a Board of Inspection and Survey assessment on 25 August 2010, and departed her homeport to conduct\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"788442\",\n \"text\": \"Shipyard completed the six-month Planned Incremental Availability (PIA) maintenance cycle on \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\". This PIA project came in under budget, and it marked both Norfolk Naval Shipyard's largest off-site availability, as well as the largest public-sector work package ever performed on an aircraft carrier berthed at Naval Air Station North Island located near Coronado, California (\\\"pictured\\\"). During the maintenance period, \\\"Ronald Reagan\\\" received technological upgrades that prepared her for her next deployment and subsequent operations. Refurbishments included high-tech combat systems and firefighting equipment to improved ship's laundry services and living spaces. This PIA maintenance project was an example of the\",\n \"title\": \"USS Ronald Reagan\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7196462\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School (RWR) is a high school located at 4965 South 20th Street in the Town of Lake neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It is a part of Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS). Formerly known as Town of Lake College Preparatory High School, the school changed its name following the death of former President Ronald Reagan in June 2004. The renaming was approved by the Milwaukee Board of School Directors on September 29, 2004, with the official renaming ceremony taking place on June 3, 2005. Ronald Wilson Reagan College\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17402923\",\n \"text\": \"Drag City later released a Crisis of Conformity single featuring the song \\\"Fist Fight in the Parking Lot\\\" whose opening lines \\\"When Ronald Reagan comes around / He brings the fascists to your town\\\" and subsequent mention of Alexander Haig are a sendup of similar lyrics by the Dead Kennedys and other 80s hardcore groups. In 2012, thrash metal band Municipal Waste formed the spinoff group, Iron Reagan. The band's name pays double tribute to the 1980s with a nod to the group Iron Maiden who enjoyed heavy airplay on MTV during Reagan's presidency. Musical references to Reagan continued to\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in music\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6450497\",\n \"text\": \"Montgomery Road (U.S. Route 22 / State Route 3) in Montgomery. A girder bridge over Hamilton Avenue (U.S. Route 127) in North College Hill is instrumented with over 640 sensors to serve as a field laboratory for University of Cincinnati researchers and Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) bridge engineers. Ronald Reagan Highway has a complex junction with Interstate 75 in Cincinnati's Roselawn and Hartwell neighborhoods: southbound I-75 traffic must take Galbraith Road through Arlington Heights and Reading to access Ronald Reagan Highway, and westbound Ronald Reagan traffic must use the same route to reach northbound I-75. The short, easternmost stretch\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17402924\",\n \"text\": \"persist in the late 2010s. Bright Eyes founder Conor Oberst's 2016 song \\\"A Little Uncanny\\\" comments on Reaganomics and explores the irony that Reagan's charisma distracted from the darker side of his policies. After numerous artists refused to perfrom during inaugural events for Donald Trump in January 2017, a 1980s cover band called the Reagan Years agreed to play at the All American Inaugural Ball at the Hyatt Regency Capitol Hill hotel amidst criticism for supporting a \\\"bigot, womanizer, horrible man.\\\" Ronald Reagan in music The appearance of Ronald Reagan in music includes mentions and depictions of the actor-turned-politician in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan in music\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6450498\",\n \"text\": \"from Interstate 71 to Montgomery Road is a limited-access road, with I-71 ramps forming at-grade intersections with the highway. One of these intersections is unsignalized, requiring traffic from southbound I-71 to cross continuous westbound lanes of Ronald Reagan Highway and merge into continuous eastbound lanes of that highway. Ronald Reagan Highway ends abruptly at a junction with Montgomery Road. A short stub extends to the east. State Route 126 continues north- and eastward on Montgomery Road through Montgomery and Indian Hill. A redwood sign commemorating the dedication of Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway stands at the highway's eastern terminus in\",\n \"title\": \"Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":296,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"297"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the name of the professional baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1221302","text":"BOOST, Business Owners Organized to Support Tourism, who opposed the city's anti-motorcycle tourism policy. Myrtle Beach's many stores and malls make it one of the largest shopping areas in the Southeastern United States and the largest shopping destination in South Carolina. Myrtle Beach is home to the Myrtle Beach Pelicans, a Carolina League baseball team and a Chicago Cubs farm franchise. It is also home to the Myrtle Beach Mutiny, a pro soccer team playing in the Premier Development League. From 1998-2009 and again starting in 2011 (no Saturday races were held in 2010 due to snow), the area hosted","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"4801596","text":"have gone on to play in the major leagues. Some of these are: Myrtle Beach has honored three of its members by retiring their uniform numbers. Myrtle Beach Pelicans The Myrtle Beach Pelicans are a Minor League Baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The Pelicans are members of the Carolina League and most recently won the league's championship in 2016. Home games are played at TicketReturn.com Field, which opened in 1999 and seats up to 6,599 fans. From their inaugural season through 2010, the Pelicans were affiliated with the Atlanta","title":"Myrtle Beach Pelicans"},{"docid":"4801590","text":"Myrtle Beach Pelicans The Myrtle Beach Pelicans are a Minor League Baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The Pelicans are members of the Carolina League and most recently won the league's championship in 2016. Home games are played at TicketReturn.com Field, which opened in 1999 and seats up to 6,599 fans. From their inaugural season through 2010, the Pelicans were affiliated with the Atlanta Braves, before spending four seasons as a Texas Rangers affiliate from 2011 to 2014. The team's affiliation with the Chicago Cubs began in 2015 and is","title":"Myrtle Beach Pelicans"},{"docid":"15826666","text":"North and South Carolina. In addition, the Panthers played their first season in Clemson, and maintain training facilities at Wofford College in Spartanburg. There are numerous minor league teams that are either based in the state, or play much of their schedule within its borders. The Charlotte Knights, a Class AAA minor league baseball team, played at a stadium in Fort Mill, South Carolina, just across the border from Charlotte until the team moved to a new ballpark in Charlotte in 2014. Currently, five teams play in the state, all at the Class A level. The Myrtle Beach Pelicans play","title":"Sports in South Carolina"},{"docid":"4801593","text":"to 2014), \"Stadium Journey\" ranked the Pelicans as the top stadium experience in the Carolina League, and one of the publication's \"Top 50 Stadium Experiences\" in all of sports, while \"TripAdvisor\" named the team the third-best attraction in Myrtle Beach. In their first season, the Pelicans advanced to the 1999 Carolina League Mills Cup Championship series. The best-of-five series against the Wilmington Blue Rocks was tied 2–2, with the deciding Game 5 set to be played in Myrtle Beach, when the series was cancelled because of Hurricane Floyd. The two teams were named co-champions for that season. Myrtle Beach won","title":"Myrtle Beach Pelicans"},{"docid":"4801594","text":"both the first and second-half Southern Division titles in 2008 under Rocket Wheeler, who was named Carolina League Manager of the Year. The following season, Jason Heyward played over half the year in Myrtle Beach en route to being named \"Baseball America\"'s 2009 Minor League Player of the Year. On July 3, 2014, the Pelicans home game with the Winston-Salem Dash was broadcast on the CBS Sports Network, the first time the Pelicans were on live national television. In early 2006, Capitol Broadcasting Company announced plans to sell the Pelicans. The current owner is Myrtle Beach Pelicans LP, a group","title":"Myrtle Beach Pelicans"},{"docid":"1221303","text":"the \"Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon presented by Chick-Fil-A\", every February featuring (since 2004) the Friday night Royal Bank of Canada 5K and the Saturday Dasani Half Marathon and Bi-Lo Marathon (from 1998 until 2008, a relay was held but dropped because of the popularity of the other events). Marathon day draws the limit of 6,000 runners annually (2,500 full, 3,500 half) and results usually in an unusual dawn as the race starts before dawn (6:30 AM) in order to finish by 2:30 PM. TicketReturn.com Field at Pelicans Ballpark is the home field of the Myrtle Beach Pelicans and is just","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221302\",\n \"text\": \"BOOST, Business Owners Organized to Support Tourism, who opposed the city's anti-motorcycle tourism policy. Myrtle Beach's many stores and malls make it one of the largest shopping areas in the Southeastern United States and the largest shopping destination in South Carolina. Myrtle Beach is home to the Myrtle Beach Pelicans, a Carolina League baseball team and a Chicago Cubs farm franchise. It is also home to the Myrtle Beach Mutiny, a pro soccer team playing in the Premier Development League. From 1998-2009 and again starting in 2011 (no Saturday races were held in 2010 due to snow), the area hosted\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4801596\",\n \"text\": \"have gone on to play in the major leagues. Some of these are: Myrtle Beach has honored three of its members by retiring their uniform numbers. Myrtle Beach Pelicans The Myrtle Beach Pelicans are a Minor League Baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The Pelicans are members of the Carolina League and most recently won the league's championship in 2016. Home games are played at TicketReturn.com Field, which opened in 1999 and seats up to 6,599 fans. From their inaugural season through 2010, the Pelicans were affiliated with the Atlanta\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pelicans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4801590\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Pelicans The Myrtle Beach Pelicans are a Minor League Baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. The Pelicans are members of the Carolina League and most recently won the league's championship in 2016. Home games are played at TicketReturn.com Field, which opened in 1999 and seats up to 6,599 fans. From their inaugural season through 2010, the Pelicans were affiliated with the Atlanta Braves, before spending four seasons as a Texas Rangers affiliate from 2011 to 2014. The team's affiliation with the Chicago Cubs began in 2015 and is\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pelicans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15826666\",\n \"text\": \"North and South Carolina. In addition, the Panthers played their first season in Clemson, and maintain training facilities at Wofford College in Spartanburg. There are numerous minor league teams that are either based in the state, or play much of their schedule within its borders. The Charlotte Knights, a Class AAA minor league baseball team, played at a stadium in Fort Mill, South Carolina, just across the border from Charlotte until the team moved to a new ballpark in Charlotte in 2014. Currently, five teams play in the state, all at the Class A level. The Myrtle Beach Pelicans play\",\n \"title\": \"Sports in South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4801593\",\n \"text\": \"to 2014), \\\"Stadium Journey\\\" ranked the Pelicans as the top stadium experience in the Carolina League, and one of the publication's \\\"Top 50 Stadium Experiences\\\" in all of sports, while \\\"TripAdvisor\\\" named the team the third-best attraction in Myrtle Beach. In their first season, the Pelicans advanced to the 1999 Carolina League Mills Cup Championship series. The best-of-five series against the Wilmington Blue Rocks was tied 2–2, with the deciding Game 5 set to be played in Myrtle Beach, when the series was cancelled because of Hurricane Floyd. The two teams were named co-champions for that season. Myrtle Beach won\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pelicans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4801594\",\n \"text\": \"both the first and second-half Southern Division titles in 2008 under Rocket Wheeler, who was named Carolina League Manager of the Year. The following season, Jason Heyward played over half the year in Myrtle Beach en route to being named \\\"Baseball America\\\"'s 2009 Minor League Player of the Year. On July 3, 2014, the Pelicans home game with the Winston-Salem Dash was broadcast on the CBS Sports Network, the first time the Pelicans were on live national television. In early 2006, Capitol Broadcasting Company announced plans to sell the Pelicans. The current owner is Myrtle Beach Pelicans LP, a group\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pelicans\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221303\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon presented by Chick-Fil-A\\\", every February featuring (since 2004) the Friday night Royal Bank of Canada 5K and the Saturday Dasani Half Marathon and Bi-Lo Marathon (from 1998 until 2008, a relay was held but dropped because of the popularity of the other events). Marathon day draws the limit of 6,000 runners annually (2,500 full, 3,500 half) and results usually in an unusual dawn as the race starts before dawn (6:30 AM) in order to finish by 2:30 PM. TicketReturn.com Field at Pelicans Ballpark is the home field of the Myrtle Beach Pelicans and is just\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"1221304","text":"off Highway 17 in Myrtle Beach. It opened in 1999 and seats 6,500 people. It is the finish point of the Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon. TicketReturn.com Field is also home of the annual \"Baseball At The Beach\" collegiate baseball tournament. Hosted by Coastal Carolina University each year, the tournament pits participating NCAA Division I baseball programs in the United States. NASCAR-sanctioned Stock car racing is held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, a , semi-banked, asphalt-paved oval track lon US 501. Drivers in the Late Model classes will compete (against those of Greenville-Pickens Speedway) for the South Carolina Championship in the NASCAR","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221276","text":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Myrtle Beach is a coastal city on the East Coast of the United States in Horry County, South Carolina. It is in the center of a large and continuous stretch of beach known as \"The Grand Strand\" in northeastern South Carolina. Ranked as the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the country (per 2018 census estimates), Myrtle Beach is one of the major centers of tourism in South Carolina and the United States because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches, attracting an estimated 14 million visitors each year. As of the 2010 census, the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221285","text":"since 1936 by the Intracoastal Waterway, forcing the city and area in general to develop within a small distance from the coast. In part due to this separation, the area directly northwest of Myrtle Beach, across the waterway, remained primarily rural for a while, whereas its northeastern and southwestern ends were bordered by other developed tourist towns, North Myrtle Beach and Surfside Beach. Since then, the inland portion of the Myrtle Beach area has developed dramatically. Myrtle Beach is by highway southeast of Florence, South Carolina, northeast of Charleston, South Carolina, and southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. According to the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221321","text":"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina North Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was created in 1968 from four existing municipalities north of Myrtle Beach, and serves as one of the primary tourist towns along the Grand Strand. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,752, and in 2016 the estimated population was 16,032. The Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach Metropolitan Area had a combined population of 449,295 as of 2016. North Myrtle Beach is located in eastern Horry County at (33.822216, -78.680974). It is bordered to the southwest by Atlantic Beach and Briarcliffe","title":"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221309","text":"Beach area is Coastal Carolina University, a state-supported, liberal arts university eight miles northwest of Myrtle Beach in neighboring Conway, with a satellite campus in Myrtle Beach. The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island, a 1,105-acre (4.47 km2) barrier island which serves as a natural laboratory. The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. The football team competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision or FBS. The football team plays at Brooks Stadium, which is notable for its teal artificial turf. The Myrtle Beach metro","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221327","text":"celebration of its 40th anniversary is recorded in article entitled 'North Myrtle Beach celebrates forty years of incorporation'. North Myrtle Beach is home to a single terminal, the Grand Strand Airport, serving primarily banner planes and small aircraft. The airfield is located in the heart of the city. The airport generates over $10.1 million in local economic output. North Myrtle Beach is served by the Coast RTA, formerly Waccamaw RTA or Lymo. North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina North Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was created in 1968 from four existing municipalities north","title":"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"19079167","text":"Myrtle Beach Freedom The Myrtle Beach Freedom were a professional indoor football team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and played their home games at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. They were a member of American Indoor Football for one season until the league ceased operations in the summer of 2016. The Freedom were the second indoor football team to call Myrtle Beach home, following the Myrtle Beach Stingrays of the National Indoor Football League, which only played part of the 2003 season in Myrtle Beach before moving to Florence, South Carolina, the following season. The Freedom had originally joined","title":"Myrtle Beach Freedom"},{"docid":"1221308","text":"The city of Myrtle Beach reformed into a council-manager government system in 1974 under the administration of Mayor Bob Hirsch and city manager David Stradinger, who moved away from the city's former strong-mayor form of government. Brenda Bethune is the mayor of Myrtle Beach. She has served since 2018. Myrtle Beach is served by a single public school district. Horry County Schools educates around 40,000 students and is the third largest school district in South Carolina. Below is a list of private schools and charter schools within or near the city of Myrtle Beach. The largest university in the Myrtle","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221290","text":"(Sea Surface Temperatures) are often in the lower 80's (26 – 28 °C) off South Carolina in summer and early fall. Summer thunderstorms can be severe, but are brief, but tornadoes are rare. Tropical cyclones occasionally impact Myrtle Beach, though weaker tropical storms and weak tropical lows are more common. Like most areas prone to tropical cyclones, a direct hit by a major hurricane is infrequent in Myrtle Beach. The last hurricane to cause significant damage in Myrtle Beach was Hurricane Hugo in 1989. The worst hurricane in Myrtle Beach's history was Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Myrtle Beach is the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"8303232","text":"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays The Myrtle Beach Blue Jays were a minor league baseball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They began play in the South Atlantic League in 1987 after being relocated from Florence, South Carolina (Florence Blue Jays). They played at the 3500 seat Coastal Carolina College Stadium (and later as Charles Watson Stadium) and were a minor league club of the Toronto Blue Jays. During this time the Hurricanes would see players such as Carlos Delgado; Steve Karsay; Derek Bell; Pat Hentgen and Chris Weinke would wear their uniform. The club was renamed the Myrtle Beach","title":"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays"},{"docid":"1221320","text":"rest of South Carolina. The FBI reported 583 cases of violent crime in the year 2016, of which 5 were murder, 46 were rape and 139 were robbery. Aggravated assault 348, property crime 4395, burglary 469, larceny theft 3555, motor vehicle theft 371, and arson 10 were also reported. The average number of crimes per thousand population is 0.16 murders, 1.43 rapes, 4.31 robberies and 10.83 assaults. The FBI reported 483 violent crimes in 2000, of which 1 was murder and 39 were rapes. Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Myrtle Beach is a coastal city on the East Coast of the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221311","text":"paper published along the Grand Strand, with a readership base extending from Georgetown, South Carolina to Sunset Beach, North Carolina. The paper has been in existence since the 1930s and was formerly published by Knight Ridder before that company was bought by The McClatchy Company. Myrtle Beach is also served by \"The Myrtle Beach Herald\", a weekly newspaper that is part of the Waccamaw Publishers group. It is locally owned by Steve and Cheryl Robertson. \"The Herald\" also produces a newspaper targeted at tourists called \" Visit!\" Grand Strand Medical Center (GSMC) is a 369-bed acute care hospital and Level","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221287","text":"\"somewhat\" compared to inland areas of South Carolina: Thus, while nearby Florence averages 65 days annually with high temperatures of 90 °F or higher – Myrtle Beach averages only 21. The Bermuda High pumps in humidity from the tropical Atlantic toward Myrtle Beach, giving summers a near tropical feel in the city. The warm Atlantic Ocean reaches 80 °F or higher in the summer months off Myrtle Beach, making for warm and sultry summer nights. Summer thunderstorms are common in the hot season in Myrtle Beach, and the summer months from June through September have the most precipitation. In summer,","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221298","text":"both domestic and international tourists. It also serves as a seasonal gateway to and from the likes of Chicago, Dallas and Toronto. The city is between Wilmington, North Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina with U.S. Route 17 serving as the main transport link for those journeying from the north and south. Thongs (or any swimwear revealing any portion of the buttocks) are not permitted in public in Myrtle Beach, including all beaches. Violators of the ban may be arrested, jailed, or fined. The city's \"thong ordinance\" has been in effect since the 1990s. Myrtle Beach Bike Week, also called \"Harley","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"8303241","text":"to change the club’s box office fortunes. In late 1992, with stadium negotiations going nowhere, Blenckstone moved the franchise to Hagerstown, Maryland, where they remain today as the Hagerstown Suns. Myrtle Beach Blue Jays The Myrtle Beach Blue Jays were a minor league baseball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They began play in the South Atlantic League in 1987 after being relocated from Florence, South Carolina (Florence Blue Jays). They played at the 3500 seat Coastal Carolina College Stadium (and later as Charles Watson Stadium) and were a minor league club of the Toronto Blue Jays. During this","title":"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays"},{"docid":"1221294","text":"States. Myrtle Beach has the Sun Fun Festival early each June. The Carolina Opry is another highly acclaimed attraction. It features various musical, comedy, dance, and entertainment shows, including the Carolina Opry (variety show), Good Vibrations (best of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s), Light—a Laser Extravaganza. During the holiday season, the venue hosts the Carolina Opry Christmas Special. It is housed in a 2,200-seat theater. The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk opened in 2010 and has been recognized as the nation's #3 boardwalk by \"National Geographic\" and one of the best US boardwalks by Travel + Leisure magazine. The Myrtle Beach Skywheel","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"7573838","text":"Rampage (Myrtle Beach advanced to Semi-Finals on goal differential) SEMI-FINALS 9/2/95 Minnesota Thunder 3-2(ot) Myrtle Beach Boyz Myrtle Beach Boyz The Myrtle Beach Boyz were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They were part of the USISL professional soccer league that was the eventually the foundation for the MLS soccer we see today. In addition The A league and other professional soccer leagues help contribute to Major League Soccer with many players from both USISL and A League going on to play in the MLS The roster included: The head coach was David Irving, who","title":"Myrtle Beach Boyz"},{"docid":"1221322","text":"Acres and to the northeast by Little River. Via U.S. Route 17, it is northeast of Myrtle Beach and southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. Via South Carolina Highway 9 it is southeast of Interstate 95 near Dillon, South Carolina. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.39%, are water. The area is divided into four separate areas based on its former municipalities. These are Windy Hill, Crescent Beach, Ocean Drive, and Cherry Grove, a spit bordering North Carolina. Atlantic Beach, which is bordered on three","title":"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221297","text":"top 20 destinations for Fourth of July in 2010. Most visitors make their way to the region during the high season (June–August) to make the most of its fine weather. Although gambling is not legal in South Carolina, Myrtle Beach residents and visitors have easy access to gambling by boat, as passengers can travel into international waters beyond the reach of federal and state gambling laws. Myrtle Beach International Airport serves the city and surrounding area. With regular flights to and from destinations such as Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, New York and Washington, the airport is well connected for","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"7573836","text":"Myrtle Beach Boyz The Myrtle Beach Boyz were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They were part of the USISL professional soccer league that was the eventually the foundation for the MLS soccer we see today. In addition The A league and other professional soccer leagues help contribute to Major League Soccer with many players from both USISL and A League going on to play in the MLS The roster included: The head coach was David Irving, who currently coaches for the Tulsa Roughnecks in the USL PRO league, as of 2014. The team played","title":"Myrtle Beach Boyz"},{"docid":"19079170","text":"home team\" When the playoff schedule was initially announced, the Freedom were set to play the Southern Division's second-seeded Florida Tarpons. On May 30, the Freedom replaced the Northern Division's fourth-seeded Central Penn Capitals against the West Michigan Ironmen. The Freedom's former position was replaced by the Southern Division's fourth-seed, the Savannah Steam. Myrtle Beach Freedom The Myrtle Beach Freedom were a professional indoor football team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and played their home games at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. They were a member of American Indoor Football for one season until the league ceased operations in","title":"Myrtle Beach Freedom"},{"docid":"1221296","text":"a Sheraton hotel and resort. Each March since 1951 during Ontario's spring break, Myrtle Beach has hosted Canadian-American Days, also known as Can-Am Days. Tens of thousands of tourists flock to the area for a week's worth of special events. Myrtle Beach is also home to Coastal Uncorked, a food and wine festival held in the late spring annually. In June, recently graduated high school seniors come to Myrtle Beach for Senior Week. With numerous professional fireworks displays along the oceanfront, Myrtle Beach is recognized among the top destinations for Fourth of July travel. Priceline.com ranked Myrtle Beach among its","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221310","text":"area has the following college and post-secondary schools: The Grand Strand and Florence, South Carolina share a common defined market by Nielsen Media Research in Horry, Marion, Dillon, Darlington, Marlboro, Scotland, Robeson, and Florence counties. Two major stations are licensed to Myrtle Beach: NBC affiliate WMBF-TV 32 and Fox affiliate WFXB 43. Myrtle Beach is also served by PBS member stations WHMC/WJPM-TV 23/33, licensed respectively to Conway and Florence, and three commercial stations licensed to Florence: CBS affiliate WBTW 13 (with MyNetworkTV on DT2), ABC affiliate WPDE-TV 15, and CW affiliate WWMB 21. \"The Sun News\" is the largest daily","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221316","text":"Carolina to Mullins, South Carolina and also from Chadbourn, North Carolina to Conway. Carolina Southern railroad is also responsible for operation of the Waccamaw Coast Line Railroad, which is a railway that runs from Conway to Myrtle Beach. On August 30, 2011, Carolina Southern Railroad voluntary shut down because several bridges along the rail were overdue for maintenance. The shutdown caused Carolina Southern Railroad to lay off nearly all of its employees. On May 24, 2012, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) commenced a bridge inspection on the CSR and the Waccamaw Coastline Railroad (the Horry County portion of rail). Fifty-two","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"11004346","text":"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area The Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (also Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach MSA) is a census-designated metropolitan area consisting of Horry County and Georgetown County in South Carolina and Brunswick County in North Carolina. The region's primary cities, in order by population are Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Conway, South Carolina; Leland, North Carolina; North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and Georgetown, South Carolina. Another primary city is Oak Island, North Carolina and though the permanent population is only 6,783 as of the 2010 census, the population jumps up to about 50,000 during the summertime. The estimated population of the","title":"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area"},{"docid":"11004347","text":"area was 465,391 in 2013. Myrtle Beach metropolitan area The Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (also Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach MSA) is a census-designated metropolitan area consisting of Horry County and Georgetown County in South Carolina and Brunswick County in North Carolina. The region's primary cities, in order by population are Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Conway, South Carolina; Leland, North Carolina; North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and Georgetown, South Carolina. Another primary city is Oak Island, North Carolina and though the permanent population is only 6,783 as of the 2010 census, the population jumps up to about 50,000 during the summertime.","title":"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area"},{"docid":"15738028","text":"South Carolina Warriors The South Carolina Warriors were a Semi-professional basketball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and an expansion franchise team of the American Basketball Association in the Mid-Atlantic Conference which began play in the 2011-12 season. In early August 2011, The American Basketball Association (ABA) announced that it has added an expansion team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for the upcoming 2011-2012 season, the South Carolina Warriors. The South Carolina Warriors would be owned by Indianapolis-based Platinum Entertainment Group LLC/Dymond Recodz (PEG) and would have its first home game at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. On November","title":"South Carolina Warriors"},{"docid":"1221313","text":"students from the University of South Carolina and Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM). Over 270 physicians and 1,400 staff serve at the facility. The Waccamaw Coast Line Railroad is a short-line railroad division of the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad, extending from a connection with the Carolina Southern Railroad, another division of that company, at Conway to Myrtle Beach. The line was opened in 1900 by the Conway Coast and Western Railroad, a predecessor of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. The Seaboard System Railroad sold the line to Horry County in November 1984, and it was operated by the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221283","text":"the locally abundant shrub, the southern wax myrtle (\"Myrica cerifera\"). The Withers post office changed its name to \"Myrtle Beach\" soon afterward. It incorporated as a town in 1938 and as a city in 1957. In 1937, Myrtle Beach Municipal Airport was built. It was taken over by the United States Army Air Corps in 1940 and converted into a military base. Commercial flights began in 1976 and shared the runway for over 15 years until the air base closed in 1993. Since then the airport has been named Myrtle Beach International Airport. In 2010 plans to build a new","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221286","text":"United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which are land and , or 1.03%, are water. According to the Köppen climate classification, Myrtle Beach has a humid subtropical climate or Cfa – typical of the Gulf and South Atlantic states. The city enjoys abundant sunshine year-round with more than 2800 hours annually. The summer season is long, hot, and humid in Myrtle Beach. Average daytime highs are from 83 to 91 °F (28 to 33 °C) and average night-time lows are near 70 °F (21 °C). The coastal location of Myrtle Beach mitigates summer heat","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"19773284","text":"Columbia Marathon, is held on the same weekend. The 21st Myrtle Beach Marathon will take place on March 2, 2019. Race registration is available on the official Myrtle Beach Marathon website \"No race in 2010 (ice)\" Myrtle Beach Marathon The Myrtle Beach Marathon is a marathon which takes place in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It is held annually on the first Saturday in March. 5,500 to 7,500 individuals participate in the race annually. It is the largest marathon in South Carolina and was named one of the 'Top Ten Winter Marathons' by USA Today. The marathon course, which the half","title":"Myrtle Beach Marathon"},{"docid":"9688515","text":"it still had not been rebuilt. Springmaid Beach, South Carolina Springmaid Beach is a neighborhood and resort community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, straddling the city limits of Myrtle Beach. It lies north of Myrtle Beach State Park on Ocean Boulevard near Farrow Parkway. Colonel Elliott White Springs, a World War I Ace Fighter Pilot, purchased of oceanfront property in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1948. The original accommodations resembled military barracks, the rooms containing built-in concrete beds with twin-size foam mattresses. The rooms were easily cleaned by hosing and brushing them down. Guests brought their own towels","title":"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"9688510","text":"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina Springmaid Beach is a neighborhood and resort community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, straddling the city limits of Myrtle Beach. It lies north of Myrtle Beach State Park on Ocean Boulevard near Farrow Parkway. Colonel Elliott White Springs, a World War I Ace Fighter Pilot, purchased of oceanfront property in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1948. The original accommodations resembled military barracks, the rooms containing built-in concrete beds with twin-size foam mattresses. The rooms were easily cleaned by hosing and brushing them down. Guests brought their own towels and sheets and were required to","title":"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221289","text":"(19 – 23 °C). Myrtle Beach averages 33 days annually with frost, though in some years less than 15 days will see frost. Snowfall is very rare in Myrtle Beach, however a few times every 15 or 20 years a trace of snow might fall. In February 2010, a rare of snow fell in Myrtle Beach. The spring (March, April and May) and fall (September, October and November) months are normally mild and sunny in Myrtle Beach, with high temperatures in the 60s and 70s. The beach season in Myrtle Beach normally runs from late April through late October. SST","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"15784202","text":"South Carolina. In 2016, Myrtle Beach NJROTC was recognized by the Navy League as the Most Improved Unit in the entire United States. Received Distinguished Unit w/Academic Honors in 2016 and 2017, Unit Achievement in 2015, Unit Achievement 2009, Unit Achievement 2007, Distinguished Unit in 2006, Unit Achievement 2005. Myrtle Beach Highschool Chain of Command 2017. Myrtle Beach High School Myrtle Beach High School (abbreviated MBHS) is a public school located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of Myrtle Beach. MBHS has over 1,500","title":"Myrtle Beach High School"},{"docid":"1221305","text":"Whelen All-American Series. South Carolina Champions' scores will be calculated against other state and provincial champions for a continental championship. It hosted the 2010 UOA Nationals where 8 collegiate ultimate teams from 5 conferences will be represented. The area is home to numerous golf courses and mini-golf courses along the Grand Strand and further inland. Myrtle Beach has been called the \"Golf Capital of the World\" because of the roughly 100 golf courses there, the record 4.2 million rounds played, and many miniature golf courses. 3.2 million total rounds of golf were played in 2017, down a \"few hundred rounds\"","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"19773281","text":"Myrtle Beach Marathon The Myrtle Beach Marathon is a marathon which takes place in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It is held annually on the first Saturday in March. 5,500 to 7,500 individuals participate in the race annually. It is the largest marathon in South Carolina and was named one of the 'Top Ten Winter Marathons' by USA Today. The marathon course, which the half marathon follows for the first 12.1 miles, has a maximum elevation of 19.98 ft and a total ascent of 110.02 ft. The Myrtle Beach Marathon was ranked is the 8th most likely marathon to qualify for","title":"Myrtle Beach Marathon"},{"docid":"1221291","text":"largest principal city of the Myrtle Beach-Conway-Georgetown CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (Horry County) and the Georgetown micropolitan area (Georgetown County), which had a combined population of 329,449 at the 2010 census. As of the 2010 census, the population of Myrtle Beach was 27,109. Per the 2000 census there were 22,759 permanent residents in Myrtle Beach, 10,413 households, 5,414 families, 1,356.5 people per square mile (523.7/km²), with 14,658 housing units at an average density of 873.5 per square mile (337.3/km²). The city's racial makeup was: Of the total Myrtle Beach population:","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221314","text":"Horry County Railway until October 1987, when the WCLR took over. The Carolina Southern Railroad acquired the WCLR in September 1995, and since then it has been a division of the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad. Horry County owns the line but leased it to the Carolina Southern Railroad in 2000. Carolina Southern Railroad is a short line rail operator running on less than of rail at a maximum speed of . It transports mostly freight brought to it from national rail operators. The company makes one scheduled delivery per month into the City of Myrtle Beach. It is off of","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221284","text":"terminal were approved. In 1940, Kings Highway was finally paved, giving Myrtle Beach its first primary highway. The Myrtle Heights-Oak Park Historic District, Myrtle Beach Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Station, Ocean Forest Country Club, Pleasant Inn, and Rainbow Court are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Also listed were the Chesterfield Inn and the Myrtle Beach Pavilion, both now demolished. The Gay Dolphin Gift Cove on the Boardwalk was built in 1946, and sells seashells and Myrtle Beach souvenirs. It claims to be the \"nation's largest gift shop\". Myrtle Beach has been separated from the continental United States","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221319","text":"gate of the former Air Force base, and many other projects. The county is debating where to allocate the $400 million generated through a proposed 1-cent sales tax. Other road projects in Horry County, including some in Aynor and Conway, will be included when voted upon. Plans exist for Myrtle Beach to be served by two interstates, Interstate 73 and Interstate 74. The Robert Edge Parkway will connect I-74 to downtown North Myrtle Beach. Myrtle Beach is served by the Coast RTA and the Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority. Crime rate levels in Myrtle Beach are high compared to the","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221301","text":"the black and the white motorcycle rallies. The South Carolina Supreme Court in June 2010 unanimously overturned one of the 15 ordinances, which had required all motorcyclists to wear helmets, on the grounds that the state law, requiring helmets only for riders under age 21, cannot be preempted by a city ordinance. In addition, the Court ruled that the ordinance created undue confusion, and that the city itself had invalidated their own helmet law and some other ordinances in a subsequent amendment. The law had been challenged by a group of motorcyclists and a group of Myrtle Beach businesses called","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"9258077","text":"League and is located in Lower State, Region VII with Myrtle Beach High School, North Myrtle Beach High School, St. James High School, and Marlboro County High School. In 2002, the varsity baseball team won the AAA state championship. The boys' basketball team and the varsity football team won AAA state championships in 2007. Wilson High School (South Carolina) Wilson High School is one of three high schools in Florence Public School District One in Florence, South Carolina, United States. It is the only high school in Florence County that offers the International Baccalaureate diploma. Wilson was founded in 1866","title":"Wilson High School (South Carolina)"},{"docid":"8963059","text":"Myrtle Beach Mall Myrtle Beach Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, USA The mall has of GLA space. The Myrtle Beach Mall is located adjacent to the intersection of 22 and 17 in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina. The mall includes a Belk (Men's and Women's stores), JCPenney, AMC Theatres, Books-A-Million, Islamorada Fish Company and Ruby Tuesday restaurants, and includes South Carolina’s only Bass Pro Shops Outdoor World. The mall also includes Foot Locker, Victoria’s Secret, Hallmark, Bath and Body Works and Reeds Jewelers. The mall has over 80 stores in total. The mall originally","title":"Myrtle Beach Mall"},{"docid":"20971725","text":"Myrtle Beach Bowl The Myrtle Beach Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game to be played in Conway, South Carolina, and owned by ESPN Events. The college leagues that have tie-ins with the bowl are Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and Sun Belt Conference. The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl cycle from 2020 to 2025. Coastal Carolina University will host the game at its Brooks Stadium, which will feature a new capacity of 20,000 seats following an expansion project scheduled to be","title":"Myrtle Beach Bowl"},{"docid":"14900139","text":"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel SkyWheel is a Ferris wheel in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. When it opened on May 20th, 2011 it was the second-tallest extant Ferris wheel in North America, after the Texas Star in Dallas, and the tallest wheel in the United States east of the Mississippi River. SkyWheel is a Ronald Bussink Professional Rides designed R60 Giant Wheel, and was manufactured by Chance Morgan. It is similar in design to the Niagara SkyWheel on Canada's side of Niagara Falls, and the Seattle Great Wheel, both of which are tall. Skywheel has \"42 glass-enclosed, temperature controlled gondolas\" described as","title":"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel"},{"docid":"15784198","text":"were sold by Horry County Schools and was redeveloped to the Kings Festival shopping center. MBHS was relocated to its present site on Robert Grissom Parkway between 29th and 38th Avenues North. Myrtle Beach High School offers the following sports: baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, football, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball, lacrosse, and wrestling. The school's teams compete in South Carolina Region VII in Class 4A sports with Marlboro County High School, North Myrtle Beach High School, St. James High School, and Wilson High School. The football team's home field is the Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium.","title":"Myrtle Beach High School"},{"docid":"13424316","text":"at both the 200 and 250 laps race lengths, while Green won the final two races ever held at Myrtle Beach. Two other short tracks, Nashville Speedway USA and South Boston Speedway, were also removed from the Busch Series schedule after the 2000 season. This extra room created on the schedule was used to help add new races at Chicagoland Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Nashville Superspeedway, and Kentucky Speedway starting in 2001. Myrtle Beach 250 The Myrtle Beach 250 was a NASCAR Busch Series stock car race held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Added to the Busch","title":"Myrtle Beach 250"},{"docid":"15784196","text":"Myrtle Beach High School Myrtle Beach High School (abbreviated MBHS) is a public school located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of Myrtle Beach. MBHS has over 1,500 students and is home to the Myrtle Beach High School Seahawks. Myrtle Beach High School originally shared a facility with all the lower grades in Myrtle Beach's public schools in a building occupying a city block bounded by N. Kings Highway, Oak Street, 5th Avenue North, and 6th Avenue North. In middle of the 1946-47 school","title":"Myrtle Beach High School"},{"docid":"2012207","text":"Myrtle Beach International Airport Myrtle Beach International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Myrtle Beach, in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was formerly known as Myrtle Beach Jetport (1974–1989) and is located on site of the former Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, which also includes The Market Common shopping complex. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a small-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2014, the airport served a total of 1,749,657 passengers. Myrtle Beach is","title":"Myrtle Beach International Airport"},{"docid":"1221293","text":"come from overseas, with tourists from Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom. Myrtle Beach hosts a variety of special conventions, events, and musical concerts. The area's attractions include its beaches and courses, amusement parks, an aquarium, Legends In Concert, retail developments, shopping complexes and over 1,900 restaurants including seafood restaurants. The area also has dinner theaters, nightclubs, and many tourist shops. Myrtle Beach has an estimated 460 hotels, with many on the beachfront, and approximately 89,000 accommodation units in total. Also in the city is Myrtle Waves, one of the largest water parks on the East Coast of the United","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221295","text":"opened at the boardwalk in May, 2011, and is a observation wheel, similar to a ferris wheel, with glass gondolas that look over the Atlantic Ocean. This is the first wheel of its kind in the U.S. Myrtle Beach State Park, established in 1935, has just under a mile of Grand Strand beach and is a prime location for camping, swimming, hiking, biking, and fishing. Pier 14 by the Boardwalk. The Myrtle Beach Convention Center is a large facility that hosts a variety of meetings, conferences, exhibits, and special events every year. The expansive center, which opened in 2003, has","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"5525061","text":"Myrtle Beach Speedway The Myrtle Beach Speedway, originally named Rambi Raceway, was built in 1958 and is located on U.S. Route 501 near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The speedway is a semi-banked asphalt oval track that spans .The NASCAR Cup series competed at the Speedway from 1958 through 1965. The NASCAR Busch Series (now the Xfinity Series) raced at Myrtle Beach Speedway from 1988 to 2000. Currently the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series race on Saturday nights from late February through November. The track also runs various other classes of racing including Late Model Charger, Super Trucks and Mini Stocks. The","title":"Myrtle Beach Speedway"},{"docid":"20971728","text":"is slated to start playing at the end of the 2020 season in December. It will be the 40th bowl game in 2020, if no current bowl game ceases operation before then. Myrtle Beach Bowl The Myrtle Beach Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game to be played in Conway, South Carolina, and owned by ESPN Events. The college leagues that have tie-ins with the bowl are Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and Sun Belt Conference. The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl","title":"Myrtle Beach Bowl"},{"docid":"13424315","text":"Myrtle Beach 250 The Myrtle Beach 250 was a NASCAR Busch Series stock car race held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Added to the Busch Series schedule in 1988, Myrtle Beach Speedway hosted one race per year through the 2000 season, after which it was removed from the schedule. The first three races held were 200 laps, covering . The distance was extended to 250 laps starting in 1991, where it remained for the rest of the race's history. Jimmy Spencer and Jeff Green were the only drivers to win twice in this race. Spencer won","title":"Myrtle Beach 250"},{"docid":"8304091","text":"Myrtle Beach Pavilion The Myrtle Beach Pavilion was a historic pay-per-ride, no parking fee, 11-acre amusement park that was located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at the corner of 9th Avenue and Ocean Boulevard. It was just a few blocks down from another Myrtle Beach amusement park, the Family Kingdom Amusement Park; both in the \"heart\" of Myrtle Beach. \"The Pavilion\" had well over 40 different attractions for kids and thrill-seekers alike, and included the wooden rollercoaster Hurricane: Category 5. Despite all the best efforts made by citizens to save the park, it was lost to redevelopment in 2007. While","title":"Myrtle Beach Pavilion"},{"docid":"13864329","text":"of July weekend as an estimated 400,000 vacationers were at Myrtle Beach. Damage from the tornadoes is estimated to be up to $8,000,000 - with an estimated $1,000,000 damages associated with vehicles. 4,000 residents were without power during the worst parts of the storm. 2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes The Myrtle Beach tornadoes were F1 and F2 tornadoes which touched down in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on Friday, July 6, 2001. At 4:05 PM EDT, the first tornado touched down. It crossed U.S. Route 17 in North Myrtle Beach while reaching a maximum width of 100 yards. It was estimated to","title":"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes"},{"docid":"8963062","text":"$45 million. On May 22, 2014, it was reported that the new owners of the Myrtle Beach Mall say that architects have already developed a couple of new concepts for the mall and there are plans to change the mall in order to attract more shoppers. The first changes would be a redesign of the food court, followed by a conversion of the center of the mall, the theater area and the mall’s front. Myrtle Beach Mall Myrtle Beach Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, USA The mall has of GLA space. The Myrtle","title":"Myrtle Beach Mall"},{"docid":"14725278","text":"North Myrtle Beach High School North Myrtle Beach High School is a public school located in Little River, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of North Myrtle Beach, the town of Atlantic Beach, and the communities of Little River and Longs. Following integration, North Myrtle Beach High School was created out of Wampee-Little River High School (the white school) and Chestnut High School (the black school). These two schools covered an attendance zone including Atlantic Beach, Little River, Longs, and the newly incorporated North Myrtle Beach. The","title":"North Myrtle Beach High School"},{"docid":"14778325","text":"spend $7.5 million on the Second Avenue Pier area. On September 8, 2010, the Downtown Redevelopment Corporation met to look at the results of surveys of more than 900 people and found tourists and local people gave the boardwalk a 4.5 out of 5. Myrtle Beach Boardwalk The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk & Promenade, located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, officially opened in May 2010 at a cost of nearly $6.4 million and runs along the oceanfront from the Pier 14 at 14th Avenue North to the 2nd Avenue Pier at 2nd Avenue North. \"National Geographic\" has ranked Myrtle Beach Boardwalk","title":"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk"},{"docid":"14778312","text":"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk & Promenade, located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, officially opened in May 2010 at a cost of nearly $6.4 million and runs along the oceanfront from the Pier 14 at 14th Avenue North to the 2nd Avenue Pier at 2nd Avenue North. \"National Geographic\" has ranked Myrtle Beach Boardwalk number three in the United States, while \"Travel and Leisure\" ranked the boardwalk number two. The northern section, wide with a raised wooden deck design, runs from Pier 14 to Plyler Park, the location of \"Hot Summer Nights\", with live music twice a week","title":"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk"},{"docid":"1221299","text":"Bike Week\", is a week-long motorcycle rally first held in 1940, the same year Kings Highway was paved. The event has attracted as many as 200,000 visitors to the city every May. Black Bike Week, founded in 1980, takes place the weekend around Memorial Day Weekend and is the largest African American motorcycle rally in the US and attracts as many as 400,000 visitors. The event was created in response to a history of discrimination against African-American visitors and riders to Myrtle Beach and the Grand Strand Area. The Myrtle Beach government created 15 new laws aimed at preventing all","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"14725281","text":"took over Van Clark, who was at North Myrtle Beach High for 4 years. The band has big plans for the future and hopes to make state finals within the next few years to make history for that school. North Myrtle Beach High School North Myrtle Beach High School is a public school located in Little River, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of North Myrtle Beach, the town of Atlantic Beach, and the communities of Little River and Longs. Following integration, North Myrtle Beach High School","title":"North Myrtle Beach High School"},{"docid":"8304108","text":"temporary carnival to sit on a four-acre portion of the old Pavilion site next to the Adrenaline Adventures Zip Line, but due to resistance from the city, the plan was dropped. On May 4, 2017, the owner of Myrtle Beach Zipline Adventures announced additional zip lines and the addition of a ropes course, to be completed in about a month. The zip lines are high enough that concerts could continue under them. Myrtle Beach Pavilion The Myrtle Beach Pavilion was a historic pay-per-ride, no parking fee, 11-acre amusement park that was located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at the corner","title":"Myrtle Beach Pavilion"},{"docid":"1221306","text":"from a decade earlier. The number of golf courses more than doubled to over 120 over a 20-year period before declining late in the first decade of the 21st century. Tiger Woods declared Myrtle Beach \"the mecca of golf\" when visiting in 1997. The majority of the area's golf courses are public. The Grand Strand is home of \"Hootie and the Blowfish Day After the Masters Tournament\". Extensive Chinese investment to the Myrtle Beach area golf market has resulted in a significant surge of Chinese tourists to the area and also resulted in 25+ golf courses being owned and/or operated","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221312","text":"1 Adult Trauma Center known for its programs in cardiology, heart surgery, and stroke treatment. It was opened in April 21, 1978 to succeed the former Ocean View Memorial Hospital (1958-1978), the first major hospital in Myrtle Beach. GSMC contains the only cardiac surgery and neurosurgery programs in the greater Myrtle Beach area and was a recipient of the Healthgrades 100 Best Hospitals for Cardiac Surgery in 2012 and 2013. As a teaching hospital, Grand Strand Medical Center is the home of ACGME accredited residency training programs (internal medicine, general surgery, emergency medicine, and family medicine), and hosts rotating medical","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"13864327","text":"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes The Myrtle Beach tornadoes were F1 and F2 tornadoes which touched down in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on Friday, July 6, 2001. At 4:05 PM EDT, the first tornado touched down. It crossed U.S. Route 17 in North Myrtle Beach while reaching a maximum width of 100 yards. It was estimated to be an F1 in strength, and was on the ground for 0.1 miles. The other tornado affected Myrtle Beach and four damage paths were found. The longest path, which could have been the parent tornado, spanned for 2 miles from 4:15 to 4:25 PM","title":"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes"},{"docid":"1221326","text":"were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over. North Myrtle Beach adheres to the Council-Manager form of government. The current mayor is Marilyn Hatley. The current council members are Terry White (Mayor \"pro tempore\"), J.O. Baldwin, Robert Cavanaugh, Nikki Fontana, Hank Thomas, and Fred Coyne. The current City Manager is Michael Mahaney. On May 7, 1968, the SC Legislature passed legislation incorporating the four towns of Cherry Grove, Ocean Drive Beach, Crescent Beach and Windy Hill into one city – the City of North Myrtle Beach. The city's","title":"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"14725180","text":"into right field to bring home the winning run. The following members of the South Carolina Gamecocks baseball program were drafted in the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft. 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fourteenth season at Carolina. USC finished second in the Southeastern Conference regular season standings, and received an at-large bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I","title":"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team"},{"docid":"19483499","text":"had been raised as of October 2017. Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Myrtle Beach Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. On October 16, 1939, Myrtle Beach Town Council resolved that the community \"is in dire need of a modern municipal airport\". The town agreed to purchase 135 acres for $35 per acre from Myrtle Beach Farms, Inc., described as \"a partnership between Simeon B. Chapin and the Burroughs brothers.\" Two weeks later the airport was named Harrelson Municipal Airport after Mayor W.L. Harrelson, a supporter of the project. Federal funds","title":"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base"},{"docid":"19483488","text":"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Myrtle Beach Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. On October 16, 1939, Myrtle Beach Town Council resolved that the community \"is in dire need of a modern municipal airport\". The town agreed to purchase 135 acres for $35 per acre from Myrtle Beach Farms, Inc., described as \"a partnership between Simeon B. Chapin and the Burroughs brothers.\" Two weeks later the airport was named Harrelson Municipal Airport after Mayor W.L. Harrelson, a supporter of the project. Federal funds were used to build two runways. The","title":"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base"},{"docid":"1221206","text":"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina Atlantic Beach is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 334 at the 2010 census. Most of the land around the town is annexed into the city of North Myrtle Beach. Atlantic Beach is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 351 people, 132 households, and 83 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,214.5 people per square mile (847.0/km). There were 244 housing units at an average","title":"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221209","text":"Males had a median income of $16,477 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,492. About 31.3% of families and 27.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.0% of those under age 18 and 27.6% of those age 65 or over. Atlantic Beach, South Carolina Atlantic Beach is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 334 at the 2010 census. Most of the land around the town is annexed into the city of North Myrtle Beach. Atlantic Beach is located at . According to the United States","title":"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"8963060","text":"opened in 1986 as \"Briarcliffe Mall\", with the name later changing to \"Colonial Mall Myrtle Beach.\" It was the second mall to open in the area, with the first being the now-defunct Myrtle Square Mall. The name was changed to Myrtle Beach Mall in 2007 after being purchased by Jones Lang LaSalle, who acquired it from Colonial Properties Trust in July 2007. The mall's last major update was in 2004. It is one of three malls in the Grand Strand area. The super-regional Coastal Grand Mall is located to the south in Myrtle Beach and the other being Inlet Square","title":"Myrtle Beach Mall"},{"docid":"15372490","text":"the Gamecocks also became the first team to go 10-0 through the postseason. Building on the success of the prior year's team, the Gamecocks set two NCAA records with consecutive post-season wins (16) and consecutive CWS wins (11); both streaks are active going into the 2012 season. The following members of the South Carolina Gamecocks baseball program were drafted in the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft. 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in","title":"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team"},{"docid":"1221318","text":"former CSR line and plans to re-open freight service in early 2016. Within the last decade, new roads have been created to ease congestion caused by the yearly influx of visitors. Most of these roads follow the Metro Loop Road Plan, organized in 1997 to improve the traffic flow of Myrtle Beach. Some of the roads included have either been funded through Road Improvement Development Effort (RIDE I) funding or through the City of Myrtle Beach. RIDE II plans include the third phase of S.C. Highway 31, a graded separation of Farrow Parkway and US 17 Bypass at the back","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221288","text":"thunderstorms normally build during the heat of the day – followed by brief and intense downpours. Myrtle Beach has mostly mild winters of short duration: Average daytime highs range from 57 to 61 °F (14 – 16 °C) and nighttime lows are in the 36 to 38 °F (2 – 3 °C) from December through February. Winter temperatures vary more than summer temperatures in Myrtle Beach: Some winters can see several cold days with highs only in the upper 40s F (7 – 9 °C), while other winter days can see highs in the upper 60s and low 70s F","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221300","text":"sanctioned motorcycle events within the city in response to controversy including accusations of racism by African-American riders during their event and complaints of lawlessness and poor behavior during all highly attended events. Several lawsuits by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) against Myrtle Beach businesses were settled with agreements that discrimination cease, compensation be given to some plaintiffs, and employees be given diversity training. The NAACP suit against the City of Myrtle Beach was settled in 2006 without the city paying damages, but with the agreement police would use the same traffic control rules during both","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221280","text":"King's Highway. He stayed a night at Windy Hill (part of present-day North Myrtle Beach) and was led across Wither's Swash to Georgetown by Jeremiah Vereen. The Withers family remained one of the few settlers around Myrtle Beach for the next half-century. In 1822, a strong hurricane swept the house of R. F. Withers into the ocean, drowning 18 people inside. The tragedy made the Withers family decide to abandon their plots along the coast. Left unattended, the area began to return to forest. The Burroughs and Collins Company of Conway, predecessor of modern-day Burroughs & Chapin, purchased much of","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"14725169","text":"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fourteenth season at Carolina. USC finished second in the Southeastern Conference regular season standings, and received an at-large bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. The Gamecocks were designated the #1 seed and host of the Columbia Regional. Carolina went 3–0 in their Regional to advance to the Super Regionals. The","title":"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team"},{"docid":"12908357","text":"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a north–south United States highway that traverses from Myrtle Beach, to North Carolina, near Dillon. It is one of main routes to the Grand Strand. US 501 begins at US 17 Bus. in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. From Myrtle Beach to Marion, US 501 is a multilane highway, some sections divided, some undivided, mostly with at-grade intersections but having a number of interchanges along the length. It passes through the city of Conway before reaching Marion, where US 501 bypasses the town to the east. North of Marion,","title":"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina"},{"docid":"12908360","text":"1990, US 501 was moved to its current eastern bypass from downtown Marion, creating another US 501 Bus. U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a north–south United States highway that traverses from Myrtle Beach, to North Carolina, near Dillon. It is one of main routes to the Grand Strand. US 501 begins at US 17 Bus. in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. From Myrtle Beach to Marion, US 501 is a multilane highway, some sections divided, some undivided, mostly with at-grade intersections but having a number of interchanges along the length. It passes through the","title":"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221249","text":"teams and the proposed future Myrtle Beach Thunderboltz hockey team, did not gain approvals for development. Conway, South Carolina Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 17,103 at the 2010 census, and had an estimated population in 2016 of 22,761. It is the county seat of Horry County and is part of the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area. It is the home of Coastal Carolina University. Numerous buildings and structures located in Conway are on the National Register of Historic Places. Among these is the City Hall building, designed by Robert Mills, architect of","title":"Conway, South Carolina"},{"docid":"1221292","text":"Myrtle Beach's economy is dominated by the tourist industry; hotels, motels, resorts, restaurants, attractions, and retail developments exist in abundance to service visitors. There are approximately 95 golf courses in and around Myrtle Beach (as of 2015) as the golfing industry represents a significant presence in the area. A manufacturing base produces plastic, rubber, cardboard, foam, and ceramic products usually in small scale. Hosting over 14 million visitors annually, the Grand Strand is home to an array of tourist attractions, and the area receives a large influx of visitors during all seasons. Nearly 100,000 visitors a year are estimated to","title":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina"},{"docid":"14900142","text":"made in Switzerland. The wheel will go on a deck above sea level to protect it from possible hurricane storm surge. Construction of the building started in December, while the wheel's frame began work on February 23. Land Shark Bar & Grill opened the same day as SkyWheel, the third restaurant in the city connected with Jimmy Buffett. The others are Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville at Broadway at the Beach and Cheeseburger in Paradise on the city's north end. In 2012, Officialbestof.com named SkyWheel \"Best Scenic Experience in South Carolina\". Myrtle Beach SkyWheel SkyWheel is a Ferris wheel in Myrtle Beach,","title":"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel"},{"docid":"19433168","text":"Hollywood Wax Museum Myrtle Beach The Hollywood Wax Museum in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina is the fourth wax museum owned and operated by descendants of Spoony Singh. Opened on June 14, 2014, it is located at 21st Avenue North and U.S. 17 Bypass as a part of Broadway at the Beach. It features replicas of United States celebrities in film, television and music, as well as a NASCAR set and a section devoted to horror villains. The building is a tribute to the U.S. film industry and includes the 35-foot-tall Great Ape of Myrtle Beach climbing the Empire State Building","title":"Hollywood Wax Museum Myrtle Beach"},{"docid":"15372489","text":"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fifteenth season at Carolina. The Gamecocks won the 2011 College World Series to become the sixth school in the history of the College World Series to win consecutive national tites (1949-1950 Texas Longhorns; 1970-1974 Southern California Trojans; 1987-1988 Stanford Cardinal; 1996-1997 LSU Tigers; & the 2006-2007 Oregon State Beavers). During their postseason run,","title":"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team"},{"docid":"1221216","text":"Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina Briarcliffe Acres is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, located between Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach. The population was 457 at the 2010 census. Briarcliffe Acres is located in southeastern Horry County at (33.789267, -78.747300). It is bordered to the north and east by the city of North Myrtle Beach. U.S. Route 17 forms the northern border of the town, leading northeast to the center of North Myrtle Beach and southwest to the center of Myrtle Beach. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of ,","title":"Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina"},{"docid":"8303237","text":"77-63 record, fourth in the league despite no All-Stars. The team earned run average improved to third place (3.12), with Rob Blumberg (2.16) fourth in the league, Mike Ogliaruso (2.52) fifth (and named the number 8 prospect) and Aaron Small (2.80) eighth. Outfielder Nigel Wilson was perhaps the club's most potent offensive force. In 1991 the Myrtle Beach Blue Jays changed their name to the Myrtle Beach Hurricanes, remaining a Toronto Blue Jays affiliate. In their first year as the Hurricanes they went 60-79, 12th in the 14-team South Atlantic League under manager Garth Iorg. The team had the number","title":"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays"},{"docid":"13245182","text":"coast and enter South Carolina at North Myrtle Beach. Later that year, officials in both states agreed that I-73 would enter South Carolina south of Rockingham and that the other highway would be I-74. This raised the possibility of I-73 bypassing the Myrtle Beach area entirely, since I-74 would run to the Myrtle Beach area. In May 1997, signs went up declaring the \"Future Corridor\" in Bennettsville, Marion, Conway and Charleston. At this point, the highway was expected to run 122 miles, 67 of which were already four lanes. The route included US 1, SC 9, SC 38 and US","title":"Interstate 73 in South Carolina"},{"docid":"6044327","text":"Carolina Forest, South Carolina Carolina Forest is an unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It lies between Myrtle Beach and Conway in an area planned by International Paper in the late 1990s. Regarded as the \"bedroom community\" of Myrtle Beach, the planned unit development will have 20,000 single and multi-family homesites when completed. Most of the development follows the Carolina Forest Master Plan, developed cooperatively between International Paper and the Horry County Government. Carolina Forest was once part of a larger tract of land in eastern Horry County called the Buist Tract. Originally owned by Burroughs &","title":"Carolina Forest, South Carolina"},{"docid":"6044331","text":"include Ocean Bay Elementary and Middle Schools. Because nearly half of Carolina Forest was open space, the area was exempt from future open space directives set by Horry County. According to the 2010 census, Carolina Forest's population increased from 3400 in 2000 to 21,000. Carolina Forest, South Carolina Carolina Forest is an unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It lies between Myrtle Beach and Conway in an area planned by International Paper in the late 1990s. Regarded as the \"bedroom community\" of Myrtle Beach, the planned unit development will have 20,000 single and multi-family homesites when completed.","title":"Carolina Forest, South Carolina"},{"docid":"14725175","text":"to the Super Regionals. The Gamecocks were sent on the road to the Myrtle Beach Super Regional to face #4 national seed Coastal Carolina. On June 12, Carolina defeated Coastal, 4–3, behind four early runs and another quality start by staff ace Blake Cooper. On June 13, the Gamecocks again found themselves needing to come from behind in the late-innings. Trailing the Chanticleers 9–7 in the eighth, freshman first-baseman Christian Walker became an instant hero with a 3-run blast that led to a 10–9 victory and ninth trip to Omaha for South Carolina. By virtue of their Super Regional sweep","title":"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221304\",\n \"text\": \"off Highway 17 in Myrtle Beach. It opened in 1999 and seats 6,500 people. It is the finish point of the Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon. TicketReturn.com Field is also home of the annual \\\"Baseball At The Beach\\\" collegiate baseball tournament. Hosted by Coastal Carolina University each year, the tournament pits participating NCAA Division I baseball programs in the United States. NASCAR-sanctioned Stock car racing is held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, a , semi-banked, asphalt-paved oval track lon US 501. Drivers in the Late Model classes will compete (against those of Greenville-Pickens Speedway) for the South Carolina Championship in the NASCAR\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221276\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Myrtle Beach is a coastal city on the East Coast of the United States in Horry County, South Carolina. It is in the center of a large and continuous stretch of beach known as \\\"The Grand Strand\\\" in northeastern South Carolina. Ranked as the second fastest-growing metropolitan area in the country (per 2018 census estimates), Myrtle Beach is one of the major centers of tourism in South Carolina and the United States because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches, attracting an estimated 14 million visitors each year. As of the 2010 census, the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221285\",\n \"text\": \"since 1936 by the Intracoastal Waterway, forcing the city and area in general to develop within a small distance from the coast. In part due to this separation, the area directly northwest of Myrtle Beach, across the waterway, remained primarily rural for a while, whereas its northeastern and southwestern ends were bordered by other developed tourist towns, North Myrtle Beach and Surfside Beach. Since then, the inland portion of the Myrtle Beach area has developed dramatically. Myrtle Beach is by highway southeast of Florence, South Carolina, northeast of Charleston, South Carolina, and southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. According to the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221321\",\n \"text\": \"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina North Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was created in 1968 from four existing municipalities north of Myrtle Beach, and serves as one of the primary tourist towns along the Grand Strand. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,752, and in 2016 the estimated population was 16,032. The Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach Metropolitan Area had a combined population of 449,295 as of 2016. North Myrtle Beach is located in eastern Horry County at (33.822216, -78.680974). It is bordered to the southwest by Atlantic Beach and Briarcliffe\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221309\",\n \"text\": \"Beach area is Coastal Carolina University, a state-supported, liberal arts university eight miles northwest of Myrtle Beach in neighboring Conway, with a satellite campus in Myrtle Beach. The university is a national sea-grant institution and owns part of Waties Island, a 1,105-acre (4.47 km2) barrier island which serves as a natural laboratory. The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. The football team competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision or FBS. The football team plays at Brooks Stadium, which is notable for its teal artificial turf. The Myrtle Beach metro\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221327\",\n \"text\": \"celebration of its 40th anniversary is recorded in article entitled 'North Myrtle Beach celebrates forty years of incorporation'. North Myrtle Beach is home to a single terminal, the Grand Strand Airport, serving primarily banner planes and small aircraft. The airfield is located in the heart of the city. The airport generates over $10.1 million in local economic output. North Myrtle Beach is served by the Coast RTA, formerly Waccamaw RTA or Lymo. North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina North Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was created in 1968 from four existing municipalities north\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19079167\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Freedom The Myrtle Beach Freedom were a professional indoor football team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and played their home games at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. They were a member of American Indoor Football for one season until the league ceased operations in the summer of 2016. The Freedom were the second indoor football team to call Myrtle Beach home, following the Myrtle Beach Stingrays of the National Indoor Football League, which only played part of the 2003 season in Myrtle Beach before moving to Florence, South Carolina, the following season. The Freedom had originally joined\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Freedom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221308\",\n \"text\": \"The city of Myrtle Beach reformed into a council-manager government system in 1974 under the administration of Mayor Bob Hirsch and city manager David Stradinger, who moved away from the city's former strong-mayor form of government. Brenda Bethune is the mayor of Myrtle Beach. She has served since 2018. Myrtle Beach is served by a single public school district. Horry County Schools educates around 40,000 students and is the third largest school district in South Carolina. Below is a list of private schools and charter schools within or near the city of Myrtle Beach. The largest university in the Myrtle\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221290\",\n \"text\": \"(Sea Surface Temperatures) are often in the lower 80's (26 – 28 °C) off South Carolina in summer and early fall. Summer thunderstorms can be severe, but are brief, but tornadoes are rare. Tropical cyclones occasionally impact Myrtle Beach, though weaker tropical storms and weak tropical lows are more common. Like most areas prone to tropical cyclones, a direct hit by a major hurricane is infrequent in Myrtle Beach. The last hurricane to cause significant damage in Myrtle Beach was Hurricane Hugo in 1989. The worst hurricane in Myrtle Beach's history was Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Myrtle Beach is the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8303232\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays The Myrtle Beach Blue Jays were a minor league baseball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They began play in the South Atlantic League in 1987 after being relocated from Florence, South Carolina (Florence Blue Jays). They played at the 3500 seat Coastal Carolina College Stadium (and later as Charles Watson Stadium) and were a minor league club of the Toronto Blue Jays. During this time the Hurricanes would see players such as Carlos Delgado; Steve Karsay; Derek Bell; Pat Hentgen and Chris Weinke would wear their uniform. The club was renamed the Myrtle Beach\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221320\",\n \"text\": \"rest of South Carolina. The FBI reported 583 cases of violent crime in the year 2016, of which 5 were murder, 46 were rape and 139 were robbery. Aggravated assault 348, property crime 4395, burglary 469, larceny theft 3555, motor vehicle theft 371, and arson 10 were also reported. The average number of crimes per thousand population is 0.16 murders, 1.43 rapes, 4.31 robberies and 10.83 assaults. The FBI reported 483 violent crimes in 2000, of which 1 was murder and 39 were rapes. Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Myrtle Beach is a coastal city on the East Coast of the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221311\",\n \"text\": \"paper published along the Grand Strand, with a readership base extending from Georgetown, South Carolina to Sunset Beach, North Carolina. The paper has been in existence since the 1930s and was formerly published by Knight Ridder before that company was bought by The McClatchy Company. Myrtle Beach is also served by \\\"The Myrtle Beach Herald\\\", a weekly newspaper that is part of the Waccamaw Publishers group. It is locally owned by Steve and Cheryl Robertson. \\\"The Herald\\\" also produces a newspaper targeted at tourists called \\\" Visit!\\\" Grand Strand Medical Center (GSMC) is a 369-bed acute care hospital and Level\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221287\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"somewhat\\\" compared to inland areas of South Carolina: Thus, while nearby Florence averages 65 days annually with high temperatures of 90 °F or higher – Myrtle Beach averages only 21. The Bermuda High pumps in humidity from the tropical Atlantic toward Myrtle Beach, giving summers a near tropical feel in the city. The warm Atlantic Ocean reaches 80 °F or higher in the summer months off Myrtle Beach, making for warm and sultry summer nights. Summer thunderstorms are common in the hot season in Myrtle Beach, and the summer months from June through September have the most precipitation. In summer,\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221298\",\n \"text\": \"both domestic and international tourists. It also serves as a seasonal gateway to and from the likes of Chicago, Dallas and Toronto. The city is between Wilmington, North Carolina and Charleston, South Carolina with U.S. Route 17 serving as the main transport link for those journeying from the north and south. Thongs (or any swimwear revealing any portion of the buttocks) are not permitted in public in Myrtle Beach, including all beaches. Violators of the ban may be arrested, jailed, or fined. The city's \\\"thong ordinance\\\" has been in effect since the 1990s. Myrtle Beach Bike Week, also called \\\"Harley\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8303241\",\n \"text\": \"to change the club’s box office fortunes. In late 1992, with stadium negotiations going nowhere, Blenckstone moved the franchise to Hagerstown, Maryland, where they remain today as the Hagerstown Suns. Myrtle Beach Blue Jays The Myrtle Beach Blue Jays were a minor league baseball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They began play in the South Atlantic League in 1987 after being relocated from Florence, South Carolina (Florence Blue Jays). They played at the 3500 seat Coastal Carolina College Stadium (and later as Charles Watson Stadium) and were a minor league club of the Toronto Blue Jays. During this\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221294\",\n \"text\": \"States. Myrtle Beach has the Sun Fun Festival early each June. The Carolina Opry is another highly acclaimed attraction. It features various musical, comedy, dance, and entertainment shows, including the Carolina Opry (variety show), Good Vibrations (best of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s), Light—a Laser Extravaganza. During the holiday season, the venue hosts the Carolina Opry Christmas Special. It is housed in a 2,200-seat theater. The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk opened in 2010 and has been recognized as the nation's #3 boardwalk by \\\"National Geographic\\\" and one of the best US boardwalks by Travel + Leisure magazine. The Myrtle Beach Skywheel\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7573838\",\n \"text\": \"Rampage (Myrtle Beach advanced to Semi-Finals on goal differential) SEMI-FINALS 9/2/95 Minnesota Thunder 3-2(ot) Myrtle Beach Boyz Myrtle Beach Boyz The Myrtle Beach Boyz were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They were part of the USISL professional soccer league that was the eventually the foundation for the MLS soccer we see today. In addition The A league and other professional soccer leagues help contribute to Major League Soccer with many players from both USISL and A League going on to play in the MLS The roster included: The head coach was David Irving, who\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Boyz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221322\",\n \"text\": \"Acres and to the northeast by Little River. Via U.S. Route 17, it is northeast of Myrtle Beach and southwest of Wilmington, North Carolina. Via South Carolina Highway 9 it is southeast of Interstate 95 near Dillon, South Carolina. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.39%, are water. The area is divided into four separate areas based on its former municipalities. These are Windy Hill, Crescent Beach, Ocean Drive, and Cherry Grove, a spit bordering North Carolina. Atlantic Beach, which is bordered on three\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221297\",\n \"text\": \"top 20 destinations for Fourth of July in 2010. Most visitors make their way to the region during the high season (June–August) to make the most of its fine weather. Although gambling is not legal in South Carolina, Myrtle Beach residents and visitors have easy access to gambling by boat, as passengers can travel into international waters beyond the reach of federal and state gambling laws. Myrtle Beach International Airport serves the city and surrounding area. With regular flights to and from destinations such as Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, New York and Washington, the airport is well connected for\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7573836\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Boyz The Myrtle Beach Boyz were an American soccer team that played in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. They were part of the USISL professional soccer league that was the eventually the foundation for the MLS soccer we see today. In addition The A league and other professional soccer leagues help contribute to Major League Soccer with many players from both USISL and A League going on to play in the MLS The roster included: The head coach was David Irving, who currently coaches for the Tulsa Roughnecks in the USL PRO league, as of 2014. The team played\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Boyz\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19079170\",\n \"text\": \"home team\\\" When the playoff schedule was initially announced, the Freedom were set to play the Southern Division's second-seeded Florida Tarpons. On May 30, the Freedom replaced the Northern Division's fourth-seeded Central Penn Capitals against the West Michigan Ironmen. The Freedom's former position was replaced by the Southern Division's fourth-seed, the Savannah Steam. Myrtle Beach Freedom The Myrtle Beach Freedom were a professional indoor football team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, and played their home games at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. They were a member of American Indoor Football for one season until the league ceased operations in\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Freedom\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221296\",\n \"text\": \"a Sheraton hotel and resort. Each March since 1951 during Ontario's spring break, Myrtle Beach has hosted Canadian-American Days, also known as Can-Am Days. Tens of thousands of tourists flock to the area for a week's worth of special events. Myrtle Beach is also home to Coastal Uncorked, a food and wine festival held in the late spring annually. In June, recently graduated high school seniors come to Myrtle Beach for Senior Week. With numerous professional fireworks displays along the oceanfront, Myrtle Beach is recognized among the top destinations for Fourth of July travel. Priceline.com ranked Myrtle Beach among its\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221310\",\n \"text\": \"area has the following college and post-secondary schools: The Grand Strand and Florence, South Carolina share a common defined market by Nielsen Media Research in Horry, Marion, Dillon, Darlington, Marlboro, Scotland, Robeson, and Florence counties. Two major stations are licensed to Myrtle Beach: NBC affiliate WMBF-TV 32 and Fox affiliate WFXB 43. Myrtle Beach is also served by PBS member stations WHMC/WJPM-TV 23/33, licensed respectively to Conway and Florence, and three commercial stations licensed to Florence: CBS affiliate WBTW 13 (with MyNetworkTV on DT2), ABC affiliate WPDE-TV 15, and CW affiliate WWMB 21. \\\"The Sun News\\\" is the largest daily\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221316\",\n \"text\": \"Carolina to Mullins, South Carolina and also from Chadbourn, North Carolina to Conway. Carolina Southern railroad is also responsible for operation of the Waccamaw Coast Line Railroad, which is a railway that runs from Conway to Myrtle Beach. On August 30, 2011, Carolina Southern Railroad voluntary shut down because several bridges along the rail were overdue for maintenance. The shutdown caused Carolina Southern Railroad to lay off nearly all of its employees. On May 24, 2012, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) commenced a bridge inspection on the CSR and the Waccamaw Coastline Railroad (the Horry County portion of rail). Fifty-two\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11004346\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area The Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (also Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach MSA) is a census-designated metropolitan area consisting of Horry County and Georgetown County in South Carolina and Brunswick County in North Carolina. The region's primary cities, in order by population are Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Conway, South Carolina; Leland, North Carolina; North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and Georgetown, South Carolina. Another primary city is Oak Island, North Carolina and though the permanent population is only 6,783 as of the 2010 census, the population jumps up to about 50,000 during the summertime. The estimated population of the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11004347\",\n \"text\": \"area was 465,391 in 2013. Myrtle Beach metropolitan area The Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (also Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach MSA) is a census-designated metropolitan area consisting of Horry County and Georgetown County in South Carolina and Brunswick County in North Carolina. The region's primary cities, in order by population are Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; Conway, South Carolina; Leland, North Carolina; North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and Georgetown, South Carolina. Another primary city is Oak Island, North Carolina and though the permanent population is only 6,783 as of the 2010 census, the population jumps up to about 50,000 during the summertime.\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach metropolitan area\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15738028\",\n \"text\": \"South Carolina Warriors The South Carolina Warriors were a Semi-professional basketball team based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina and an expansion franchise team of the American Basketball Association in the Mid-Atlantic Conference which began play in the 2011-12 season. In early August 2011, The American Basketball Association (ABA) announced that it has added an expansion team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina for the upcoming 2011-2012 season, the South Carolina Warriors. The South Carolina Warriors would be owned by Indianapolis-based Platinum Entertainment Group LLC/Dymond Recodz (PEG) and would have its first home game at the Myrtle Beach Convention Center. On November\",\n \"title\": \"South Carolina Warriors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221313\",\n \"text\": \"students from the University of South Carolina and Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM). Over 270 physicians and 1,400 staff serve at the facility. The Waccamaw Coast Line Railroad is a short-line railroad division of the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad, extending from a connection with the Carolina Southern Railroad, another division of that company, at Conway to Myrtle Beach. The line was opened in 1900 by the Conway Coast and Western Railroad, a predecessor of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. The Seaboard System Railroad sold the line to Horry County in November 1984, and it was operated by the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221283\",\n \"text\": \"the locally abundant shrub, the southern wax myrtle (\\\"Myrica cerifera\\\"). The Withers post office changed its name to \\\"Myrtle Beach\\\" soon afterward. It incorporated as a town in 1938 and as a city in 1957. In 1937, Myrtle Beach Municipal Airport was built. It was taken over by the United States Army Air Corps in 1940 and converted into a military base. Commercial flights began in 1976 and shared the runway for over 15 years until the air base closed in 1993. Since then the airport has been named Myrtle Beach International Airport. In 2010 plans to build a new\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221286\",\n \"text\": \"United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , of which are land and , or 1.03%, are water. According to the Köppen climate classification, Myrtle Beach has a humid subtropical climate or Cfa – typical of the Gulf and South Atlantic states. The city enjoys abundant sunshine year-round with more than 2800 hours annually. The summer season is long, hot, and humid in Myrtle Beach. Average daytime highs are from 83 to 91 °F (28 to 33 °C) and average night-time lows are near 70 °F (21 °C). The coastal location of Myrtle Beach mitigates summer heat\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19773284\",\n \"text\": \"Columbia Marathon, is held on the same weekend. The 21st Myrtle Beach Marathon will take place on March 2, 2019. Race registration is available on the official Myrtle Beach Marathon website \\\"No race in 2010 (ice)\\\" Myrtle Beach Marathon The Myrtle Beach Marathon is a marathon which takes place in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It is held annually on the first Saturday in March. 5,500 to 7,500 individuals participate in the race annually. It is the largest marathon in South Carolina and was named one of the 'Top Ten Winter Marathons' by USA Today. The marathon course, which the half\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Marathon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9688515\",\n \"text\": \"it still had not been rebuilt. Springmaid Beach, South Carolina Springmaid Beach is a neighborhood and resort community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, straddling the city limits of Myrtle Beach. It lies north of Myrtle Beach State Park on Ocean Boulevard near Farrow Parkway. Colonel Elliott White Springs, a World War I Ace Fighter Pilot, purchased of oceanfront property in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1948. The original accommodations resembled military barracks, the rooms containing built-in concrete beds with twin-size foam mattresses. The rooms were easily cleaned by hosing and brushing them down. Guests brought their own towels\",\n \"title\": \"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9688510\",\n \"text\": \"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina Springmaid Beach is a neighborhood and resort community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, straddling the city limits of Myrtle Beach. It lies north of Myrtle Beach State Park on Ocean Boulevard near Farrow Parkway. Colonel Elliott White Springs, a World War I Ace Fighter Pilot, purchased of oceanfront property in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina in 1948. The original accommodations resembled military barracks, the rooms containing built-in concrete beds with twin-size foam mattresses. The rooms were easily cleaned by hosing and brushing them down. Guests brought their own towels and sheets and were required to\",\n \"title\": \"Springmaid Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221289\",\n \"text\": \"(19 – 23 °C). Myrtle Beach averages 33 days annually with frost, though in some years less than 15 days will see frost. Snowfall is very rare in Myrtle Beach, however a few times every 15 or 20 years a trace of snow might fall. In February 2010, a rare of snow fell in Myrtle Beach. The spring (March, April and May) and fall (September, October and November) months are normally mild and sunny in Myrtle Beach, with high temperatures in the 60s and 70s. The beach season in Myrtle Beach normally runs from late April through late October. SST\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15784202\",\n \"text\": \"South Carolina. In 2016, Myrtle Beach NJROTC was recognized by the Navy League as the Most Improved Unit in the entire United States. Received Distinguished Unit w/Academic Honors in 2016 and 2017, Unit Achievement in 2015, Unit Achievement 2009, Unit Achievement 2007, Distinguished Unit in 2006, Unit Achievement 2005. Myrtle Beach Highschool Chain of Command 2017. Myrtle Beach High School Myrtle Beach High School (abbreviated MBHS) is a public school located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of Myrtle Beach. MBHS has over 1,500\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221305\",\n \"text\": \"Whelen All-American Series. South Carolina Champions' scores will be calculated against other state and provincial champions for a continental championship. It hosted the 2010 UOA Nationals where 8 collegiate ultimate teams from 5 conferences will be represented. The area is home to numerous golf courses and mini-golf courses along the Grand Strand and further inland. Myrtle Beach has been called the \\\"Golf Capital of the World\\\" because of the roughly 100 golf courses there, the record 4.2 million rounds played, and many miniature golf courses. 3.2 million total rounds of golf were played in 2017, down a \\\"few hundred rounds\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19773281\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Marathon The Myrtle Beach Marathon is a marathon which takes place in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It is held annually on the first Saturday in March. 5,500 to 7,500 individuals participate in the race annually. It is the largest marathon in South Carolina and was named one of the 'Top Ten Winter Marathons' by USA Today. The marathon course, which the half marathon follows for the first 12.1 miles, has a maximum elevation of 19.98 ft and a total ascent of 110.02 ft. The Myrtle Beach Marathon was ranked is the 8th most likely marathon to qualify for\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Marathon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221291\",\n \"text\": \"largest principal city of the Myrtle Beach-Conway-Georgetown CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach metropolitan area (Horry County) and the Georgetown micropolitan area (Georgetown County), which had a combined population of 329,449 at the 2010 census. As of the 2010 census, the population of Myrtle Beach was 27,109. Per the 2000 census there were 22,759 permanent residents in Myrtle Beach, 10,413 households, 5,414 families, 1,356.5 people per square mile (523.7/km²), with 14,658 housing units at an average density of 873.5 per square mile (337.3/km²). The city's racial makeup was: Of the total Myrtle Beach population:\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221314\",\n \"text\": \"Horry County Railway until October 1987, when the WCLR took over. The Carolina Southern Railroad acquired the WCLR in September 1995, and since then it has been a division of the Baltimore and Annapolis Railroad. Horry County owns the line but leased it to the Carolina Southern Railroad in 2000. Carolina Southern Railroad is a short line rail operator running on less than of rail at a maximum speed of . It transports mostly freight brought to it from national rail operators. The company makes one scheduled delivery per month into the City of Myrtle Beach. It is off of\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221284\",\n \"text\": \"terminal were approved. In 1940, Kings Highway was finally paved, giving Myrtle Beach its first primary highway. The Myrtle Heights-Oak Park Historic District, Myrtle Beach Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Station, Ocean Forest Country Club, Pleasant Inn, and Rainbow Court are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Also listed were the Chesterfield Inn and the Myrtle Beach Pavilion, both now demolished. The Gay Dolphin Gift Cove on the Boardwalk was built in 1946, and sells seashells and Myrtle Beach souvenirs. It claims to be the \\\"nation's largest gift shop\\\". Myrtle Beach has been separated from the continental United States\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221319\",\n \"text\": \"gate of the former Air Force base, and many other projects. The county is debating where to allocate the $400 million generated through a proposed 1-cent sales tax. Other road projects in Horry County, including some in Aynor and Conway, will be included when voted upon. Plans exist for Myrtle Beach to be served by two interstates, Interstate 73 and Interstate 74. The Robert Edge Parkway will connect I-74 to downtown North Myrtle Beach. Myrtle Beach is served by the Coast RTA and the Pee Dee Regional Transportation Authority. Crime rate levels in Myrtle Beach are high compared to the\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221301\",\n \"text\": \"the black and the white motorcycle rallies. The South Carolina Supreme Court in June 2010 unanimously overturned one of the 15 ordinances, which had required all motorcyclists to wear helmets, on the grounds that the state law, requiring helmets only for riders under age 21, cannot be preempted by a city ordinance. In addition, the Court ruled that the ordinance created undue confusion, and that the city itself had invalidated their own helmet law and some other ordinances in a subsequent amendment. The law had been challenged by a group of motorcyclists and a group of Myrtle Beach businesses called\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9258077\",\n \"text\": \"League and is located in Lower State, Region VII with Myrtle Beach High School, North Myrtle Beach High School, St. James High School, and Marlboro County High School. In 2002, the varsity baseball team won the AAA state championship. The boys' basketball team and the varsity football team won AAA state championships in 2007. Wilson High School (South Carolina) Wilson High School is one of three high schools in Florence Public School District One in Florence, South Carolina, United States. It is the only high school in Florence County that offers the International Baccalaureate diploma. Wilson was founded in 1866\",\n \"title\": \"Wilson High School (South Carolina)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8963059\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Mall Myrtle Beach Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, USA The mall has of GLA space. The Myrtle Beach Mall is located adjacent to the intersection of 22 and 17 in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina. The mall includes a Belk (Men's and Women's stores), JCPenney, AMC Theatres, Books-A-Million, Islamorada Fish Company and Ruby Tuesday restaurants, and includes South Carolina’s only Bass Pro Shops Outdoor World. The mall also includes Foot Locker, Victoria’s Secret, Hallmark, Bath and Body Works and Reeds Jewelers. The mall has over 80 stores in total. The mall originally\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20971725\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Bowl The Myrtle Beach Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game to be played in Conway, South Carolina, and owned by ESPN Events. The college leagues that have tie-ins with the bowl are Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and Sun Belt Conference. The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl cycle from 2020 to 2025. Coastal Carolina University will host the game at its Brooks Stadium, which will feature a new capacity of 20,000 seats following an expansion project scheduled to be\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14900139\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel SkyWheel is a Ferris wheel in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. When it opened on May 20th, 2011 it was the second-tallest extant Ferris wheel in North America, after the Texas Star in Dallas, and the tallest wheel in the United States east of the Mississippi River. SkyWheel is a Ronald Bussink Professional Rides designed R60 Giant Wheel, and was manufactured by Chance Morgan. It is similar in design to the Niagara SkyWheel on Canada's side of Niagara Falls, and the Seattle Great Wheel, both of which are tall. Skywheel has \\\"42 glass-enclosed, temperature controlled gondolas\\\" described as\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15784198\",\n \"text\": \"were sold by Horry County Schools and was redeveloped to the Kings Festival shopping center. MBHS was relocated to its present site on Robert Grissom Parkway between 29th and 38th Avenues North. Myrtle Beach High School offers the following sports: baseball, basketball, cheerleading, cross country, football, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball, lacrosse, and wrestling. The school's teams compete in South Carolina Region VII in Class 4A sports with Marlboro County High School, North Myrtle Beach High School, St. James High School, and Wilson High School. The football team's home field is the Doug Shaw Memorial Stadium.\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13424316\",\n \"text\": \"at both the 200 and 250 laps race lengths, while Green won the final two races ever held at Myrtle Beach. Two other short tracks, Nashville Speedway USA and South Boston Speedway, were also removed from the Busch Series schedule after the 2000 season. This extra room created on the schedule was used to help add new races at Chicagoland Speedway, Kansas Speedway, Nashville Superspeedway, and Kentucky Speedway starting in 2001. Myrtle Beach 250 The Myrtle Beach 250 was a NASCAR Busch Series stock car race held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Added to the Busch\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach 250\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15784196\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach High School Myrtle Beach High School (abbreviated MBHS) is a public school located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of Myrtle Beach. MBHS has over 1,500 students and is home to the Myrtle Beach High School Seahawks. Myrtle Beach High School originally shared a facility with all the lower grades in Myrtle Beach's public schools in a building occupying a city block bounded by N. Kings Highway, Oak Street, 5th Avenue North, and 6th Avenue North. In middle of the 1946-47 school\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2012207\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach International Airport Myrtle Beach International Airport is a county-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Myrtle Beach, in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was formerly known as Myrtle Beach Jetport (1974–1989) and is located on site of the former Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, which also includes The Market Common shopping complex. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021 categorized it as a small-hub primary commercial service facility. In 2014, the airport served a total of 1,749,657 passengers. Myrtle Beach is\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach International Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221293\",\n \"text\": \"come from overseas, with tourists from Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom. Myrtle Beach hosts a variety of special conventions, events, and musical concerts. The area's attractions include its beaches and courses, amusement parks, an aquarium, Legends In Concert, retail developments, shopping complexes and over 1,900 restaurants including seafood restaurants. The area also has dinner theaters, nightclubs, and many tourist shops. Myrtle Beach has an estimated 460 hotels, with many on the beachfront, and approximately 89,000 accommodation units in total. Also in the city is Myrtle Waves, one of the largest water parks on the East Coast of the United\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221295\",\n \"text\": \"opened at the boardwalk in May, 2011, and is a observation wheel, similar to a ferris wheel, with glass gondolas that look over the Atlantic Ocean. This is the first wheel of its kind in the U.S. Myrtle Beach State Park, established in 1935, has just under a mile of Grand Strand beach and is a prime location for camping, swimming, hiking, biking, and fishing. Pier 14 by the Boardwalk. The Myrtle Beach Convention Center is a large facility that hosts a variety of meetings, conferences, exhibits, and special events every year. The expansive center, which opened in 2003, has\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5525061\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Speedway The Myrtle Beach Speedway, originally named Rambi Raceway, was built in 1958 and is located on U.S. Route 501 near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The speedway is a semi-banked asphalt oval track that spans .The NASCAR Cup series competed at the Speedway from 1958 through 1965. The NASCAR Busch Series (now the Xfinity Series) raced at Myrtle Beach Speedway from 1988 to 2000. Currently the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series race on Saturday nights from late February through November. The track also runs various other classes of racing including Late Model Charger, Super Trucks and Mini Stocks. The\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Speedway\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20971728\",\n \"text\": \"is slated to start playing at the end of the 2020 season in December. It will be the 40th bowl game in 2020, if no current bowl game ceases operation before then. Myrtle Beach Bowl The Myrtle Beach Bowl is a planned NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game to be played in Conway, South Carolina, and owned by ESPN Events. The college leagues that have tie-ins with the bowl are Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and Sun Belt Conference. The affiliation contract with ESPN Events has each conference supplying a team four times in a six-year bowl\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13424315\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach 250 The Myrtle Beach 250 was a NASCAR Busch Series stock car race held at Myrtle Beach Speedway, in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Added to the Busch Series schedule in 1988, Myrtle Beach Speedway hosted one race per year through the 2000 season, after which it was removed from the schedule. The first three races held were 200 laps, covering . The distance was extended to 250 laps starting in 1991, where it remained for the rest of the race's history. Jimmy Spencer and Jeff Green were the only drivers to win twice in this race. Spencer won\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach 250\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8304091\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Pavilion The Myrtle Beach Pavilion was a historic pay-per-ride, no parking fee, 11-acre amusement park that was located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at the corner of 9th Avenue and Ocean Boulevard. It was just a few blocks down from another Myrtle Beach amusement park, the Family Kingdom Amusement Park; both in the \\\"heart\\\" of Myrtle Beach. \\\"The Pavilion\\\" had well over 40 different attractions for kids and thrill-seekers alike, and included the wooden rollercoaster Hurricane: Category 5. Despite all the best efforts made by citizens to save the park, it was lost to redevelopment in 2007. While\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pavilion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13864329\",\n \"text\": \"of July weekend as an estimated 400,000 vacationers were at Myrtle Beach. Damage from the tornadoes is estimated to be up to $8,000,000 - with an estimated $1,000,000 damages associated with vehicles. 4,000 residents were without power during the worst parts of the storm. 2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes The Myrtle Beach tornadoes were F1 and F2 tornadoes which touched down in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on Friday, July 6, 2001. At 4:05 PM EDT, the first tornado touched down. It crossed U.S. Route 17 in North Myrtle Beach while reaching a maximum width of 100 yards. It was estimated to\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8963062\",\n \"text\": \"$45 million. On May 22, 2014, it was reported that the new owners of the Myrtle Beach Mall say that architects have already developed a couple of new concepts for the mall and there are plans to change the mall in order to attract more shoppers. The first changes would be a redesign of the food court, followed by a conversion of the center of the mall, the theater area and the mall’s front. Myrtle Beach Mall Myrtle Beach Mall is a regional shopping mall located in Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina, USA The mall has of GLA space. The Myrtle\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14725278\",\n \"text\": \"North Myrtle Beach High School North Myrtle Beach High School is a public school located in Little River, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of North Myrtle Beach, the town of Atlantic Beach, and the communities of Little River and Longs. Following integration, North Myrtle Beach High School was created out of Wampee-Little River High School (the white school) and Chestnut High School (the black school). These two schools covered an attendance zone including Atlantic Beach, Little River, Longs, and the newly incorporated North Myrtle Beach. The\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14778325\",\n \"text\": \"spend $7.5 million on the Second Avenue Pier area. On September 8, 2010, the Downtown Redevelopment Corporation met to look at the results of surveys of more than 900 people and found tourists and local people gave the boardwalk a 4.5 out of 5. Myrtle Beach Boardwalk The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk & Promenade, located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, officially opened in May 2010 at a cost of nearly $6.4 million and runs along the oceanfront from the Pier 14 at 14th Avenue North to the 2nd Avenue Pier at 2nd Avenue North. \\\"National Geographic\\\" has ranked Myrtle Beach Boardwalk\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14778312\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk The Myrtle Beach Boardwalk & Promenade, located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, officially opened in May 2010 at a cost of nearly $6.4 million and runs along the oceanfront from the Pier 14 at 14th Avenue North to the 2nd Avenue Pier at 2nd Avenue North. \\\"National Geographic\\\" has ranked Myrtle Beach Boardwalk number three in the United States, while \\\"Travel and Leisure\\\" ranked the boardwalk number two. The northern section, wide with a raised wooden deck design, runs from Pier 14 to Plyler Park, the location of \\\"Hot Summer Nights\\\", with live music twice a week\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221299\",\n \"text\": \"Bike Week\\\", is a week-long motorcycle rally first held in 1940, the same year Kings Highway was paved. The event has attracted as many as 200,000 visitors to the city every May. Black Bike Week, founded in 1980, takes place the weekend around Memorial Day Weekend and is the largest African American motorcycle rally in the US and attracts as many as 400,000 visitors. The event was created in response to a history of discrimination against African-American visitors and riders to Myrtle Beach and the Grand Strand Area. The Myrtle Beach government created 15 new laws aimed at preventing all\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14725281\",\n \"text\": \"took over Van Clark, who was at North Myrtle Beach High for 4 years. The band has big plans for the future and hopes to make state finals within the next few years to make history for that school. North Myrtle Beach High School North Myrtle Beach High School is a public school located in Little River, South Carolina. The school is one of nine high schools within Horry County Schools. The school serves the city of North Myrtle Beach, the town of Atlantic Beach, and the communities of Little River and Longs. Following integration, North Myrtle Beach High School\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach High School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8304108\",\n \"text\": \"temporary carnival to sit on a four-acre portion of the old Pavilion site next to the Adrenaline Adventures Zip Line, but due to resistance from the city, the plan was dropped. On May 4, 2017, the owner of Myrtle Beach Zipline Adventures announced additional zip lines and the addition of a ropes course, to be completed in about a month. The zip lines are high enough that concerts could continue under them. Myrtle Beach Pavilion The Myrtle Beach Pavilion was a historic pay-per-ride, no parking fee, 11-acre amusement park that was located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina at the corner\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Pavilion\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221306\",\n \"text\": \"from a decade earlier. The number of golf courses more than doubled to over 120 over a 20-year period before declining late in the first decade of the 21st century. Tiger Woods declared Myrtle Beach \\\"the mecca of golf\\\" when visiting in 1997. The majority of the area's golf courses are public. The Grand Strand is home of \\\"Hootie and the Blowfish Day After the Masters Tournament\\\". Extensive Chinese investment to the Myrtle Beach area golf market has resulted in a significant surge of Chinese tourists to the area and also resulted in 25+ golf courses being owned and/or operated\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221312\",\n \"text\": \"1 Adult Trauma Center known for its programs in cardiology, heart surgery, and stroke treatment. It was opened in April 21, 1978 to succeed the former Ocean View Memorial Hospital (1958-1978), the first major hospital in Myrtle Beach. GSMC contains the only cardiac surgery and neurosurgery programs in the greater Myrtle Beach area and was a recipient of the Healthgrades 100 Best Hospitals for Cardiac Surgery in 2012 and 2013. As a teaching hospital, Grand Strand Medical Center is the home of ACGME accredited residency training programs (internal medicine, general surgery, emergency medicine, and family medicine), and hosts rotating medical\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13864327\",\n \"text\": \"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes The Myrtle Beach tornadoes were F1 and F2 tornadoes which touched down in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on Friday, July 6, 2001. At 4:05 PM EDT, the first tornado touched down. It crossed U.S. Route 17 in North Myrtle Beach while reaching a maximum width of 100 yards. It was estimated to be an F1 in strength, and was on the ground for 0.1 miles. The other tornado affected Myrtle Beach and four damage paths were found. The longest path, which could have been the parent tornado, spanned for 2 miles from 4:15 to 4:25 PM\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Myrtle Beach tornadoes\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221326\",\n \"text\": \"were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over. North Myrtle Beach adheres to the Council-Manager form of government. The current mayor is Marilyn Hatley. The current council members are Terry White (Mayor \\\"pro tempore\\\"), J.O. Baldwin, Robert Cavanaugh, Nikki Fontana, Hank Thomas, and Fred Coyne. The current City Manager is Michael Mahaney. On May 7, 1968, the SC Legislature passed legislation incorporating the four towns of Cherry Grove, Ocean Drive Beach, Crescent Beach and Windy Hill into one city – the City of North Myrtle Beach. The city's\",\n \"title\": \"North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14725180\",\n \"text\": \"into right field to bring home the winning run. The following members of the South Carolina Gamecocks baseball program were drafted in the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft. 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fourteenth season at Carolina. USC finished second in the Southeastern Conference regular season standings, and received an at-large bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I\",\n \"title\": \"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19483499\",\n \"text\": \"had been raised as of October 2017. Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Myrtle Beach Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. On October 16, 1939, Myrtle Beach Town Council resolved that the community \\\"is in dire need of a modern municipal airport\\\". The town agreed to purchase 135 acres for $35 per acre from Myrtle Beach Farms, Inc., described as \\\"a partnership between Simeon B. Chapin and the Burroughs brothers.\\\" Two weeks later the airport was named Harrelson Municipal Airport after Mayor W.L. Harrelson, a supporter of the project. Federal funds\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19483488\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base Myrtle Beach Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base located near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. On October 16, 1939, Myrtle Beach Town Council resolved that the community \\\"is in dire need of a modern municipal airport\\\". The town agreed to purchase 135 acres for $35 per acre from Myrtle Beach Farms, Inc., described as \\\"a partnership between Simeon B. Chapin and the Burroughs brothers.\\\" Two weeks later the airport was named Harrelson Municipal Airport after Mayor W.L. Harrelson, a supporter of the project. Federal funds were used to build two runways. The\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Air Force Base\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221206\",\n \"text\": \"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina Atlantic Beach is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 334 at the 2010 census. Most of the land around the town is annexed into the city of North Myrtle Beach. Atlantic Beach is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 351 people, 132 households, and 83 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,214.5 people per square mile (847.0/km). There were 244 housing units at an average\",\n \"title\": \"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221209\",\n \"text\": \"Males had a median income of $16,477 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $12,492. About 31.3% of families and 27.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.0% of those under age 18 and 27.6% of those age 65 or over. Atlantic Beach, South Carolina Atlantic Beach is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 334 at the 2010 census. Most of the land around the town is annexed into the city of North Myrtle Beach. Atlantic Beach is located at . According to the United States\",\n \"title\": \"Atlantic Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8963060\",\n \"text\": \"opened in 1986 as \\\"Briarcliffe Mall\\\", with the name later changing to \\\"Colonial Mall Myrtle Beach.\\\" It was the second mall to open in the area, with the first being the now-defunct Myrtle Square Mall. The name was changed to Myrtle Beach Mall in 2007 after being purchased by Jones Lang LaSalle, who acquired it from Colonial Properties Trust in July 2007. The mall's last major update was in 2004. It is one of three malls in the Grand Strand area. The super-regional Coastal Grand Mall is located to the south in Myrtle Beach and the other being Inlet Square\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Mall\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15372490\",\n \"text\": \"the Gamecocks also became the first team to go 10-0 through the postseason. Building on the success of the prior year's team, the Gamecocks set two NCAA records with consecutive post-season wins (16) and consecutive CWS wins (11); both streaks are active going into the 2012 season. The following members of the South Carolina Gamecocks baseball program were drafted in the 2011 Major League Baseball Draft. 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in\",\n \"title\": \"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221318\",\n \"text\": \"former CSR line and plans to re-open freight service in early 2016. Within the last decade, new roads have been created to ease congestion caused by the yearly influx of visitors. Most of these roads follow the Metro Loop Road Plan, organized in 1997 to improve the traffic flow of Myrtle Beach. Some of the roads included have either been funded through Road Improvement Development Effort (RIDE I) funding or through the City of Myrtle Beach. RIDE II plans include the third phase of S.C. Highway 31, a graded separation of Farrow Parkway and US 17 Bypass at the back\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221288\",\n \"text\": \"thunderstorms normally build during the heat of the day – followed by brief and intense downpours. Myrtle Beach has mostly mild winters of short duration: Average daytime highs range from 57 to 61 °F (14 – 16 °C) and nighttime lows are in the 36 to 38 °F (2 – 3 °C) from December through February. Winter temperatures vary more than summer temperatures in Myrtle Beach: Some winters can see several cold days with highs only in the upper 40s F (7 – 9 °C), while other winter days can see highs in the upper 60s and low 70s F\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221300\",\n \"text\": \"sanctioned motorcycle events within the city in response to controversy including accusations of racism by African-American riders during their event and complaints of lawlessness and poor behavior during all highly attended events. Several lawsuits by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) against Myrtle Beach businesses were settled with agreements that discrimination cease, compensation be given to some plaintiffs, and employees be given diversity training. The NAACP suit against the City of Myrtle Beach was settled in 2006 without the city paying damages, but with the agreement police would use the same traffic control rules during both\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221280\",\n \"text\": \"King's Highway. He stayed a night at Windy Hill (part of present-day North Myrtle Beach) and was led across Wither's Swash to Georgetown by Jeremiah Vereen. The Withers family remained one of the few settlers around Myrtle Beach for the next half-century. In 1822, a strong hurricane swept the house of R. F. Withers into the ocean, drowning 18 people inside. The tragedy made the Withers family decide to abandon their plots along the coast. Left unattended, the area began to return to forest. The Burroughs and Collins Company of Conway, predecessor of modern-day Burroughs & Chapin, purchased much of\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14725169\",\n \"text\": \"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fourteenth season at Carolina. USC finished second in the Southeastern Conference regular season standings, and received an at-large bid to the 2010 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament. The Gamecocks were designated the #1 seed and host of the Columbia Regional. Carolina went 3–0 in their Regional to advance to the Super Regionals. The\",\n \"title\": \"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12908357\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a north–south United States highway that traverses from Myrtle Beach, to North Carolina, near Dillon. It is one of main routes to the Grand Strand. US 501 begins at US 17 Bus. in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. From Myrtle Beach to Marion, US 501 is a multilane highway, some sections divided, some undivided, mostly with at-grade intersections but having a number of interchanges along the length. It passes through the city of Conway before reaching Marion, where US 501 bypasses the town to the east. North of Marion,\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12908360\",\n \"text\": \"1990, US 501 was moved to its current eastern bypass from downtown Marion, creating another US 501 Bus. U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina U.S. Route 501 (US 501) is a north–south United States highway that traverses from Myrtle Beach, to North Carolina, near Dillon. It is one of main routes to the Grand Strand. US 501 begins at US 17 Bus. in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. From Myrtle Beach to Marion, US 501 is a multilane highway, some sections divided, some undivided, mostly with at-grade intersections but having a number of interchanges along the length. It passes through the\",\n \"title\": \"U.S. Route 501 in South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221249\",\n \"text\": \"teams and the proposed future Myrtle Beach Thunderboltz hockey team, did not gain approvals for development. Conway, South Carolina Conway is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 17,103 at the 2010 census, and had an estimated population in 2016 of 22,761. It is the county seat of Horry County and is part of the Myrtle Beach metropolitan area. It is the home of Coastal Carolina University. Numerous buildings and structures located in Conway are on the National Register of Historic Places. Among these is the City Hall building, designed by Robert Mills, architect of\",\n \"title\": \"Conway, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221292\",\n \"text\": \"Myrtle Beach's economy is dominated by the tourist industry; hotels, motels, resorts, restaurants, attractions, and retail developments exist in abundance to service visitors. There are approximately 95 golf courses in and around Myrtle Beach (as of 2015) as the golfing industry represents a significant presence in the area. A manufacturing base produces plastic, rubber, cardboard, foam, and ceramic products usually in small scale. Hosting over 14 million visitors annually, the Grand Strand is home to an array of tourist attractions, and the area receives a large influx of visitors during all seasons. Nearly 100,000 visitors a year are estimated to\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14900142\",\n \"text\": \"made in Switzerland. The wheel will go on a deck above sea level to protect it from possible hurricane storm surge. Construction of the building started in December, while the wheel's frame began work on February 23. Land Shark Bar & Grill opened the same day as SkyWheel, the third restaurant in the city connected with Jimmy Buffett. The others are Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville at Broadway at the Beach and Cheeseburger in Paradise on the city's north end. In 2012, Officialbestof.com named SkyWheel \\\"Best Scenic Experience in South Carolina\\\". Myrtle Beach SkyWheel SkyWheel is a Ferris wheel in Myrtle Beach,\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach SkyWheel\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19433168\",\n \"text\": \"Hollywood Wax Museum Myrtle Beach The Hollywood Wax Museum in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina is the fourth wax museum owned and operated by descendants of Spoony Singh. Opened on June 14, 2014, it is located at 21st Avenue North and U.S. 17 Bypass as a part of Broadway at the Beach. It features replicas of United States celebrities in film, television and music, as well as a NASCAR set and a section devoted to horror villains. The building is a tribute to the U.S. film industry and includes the 35-foot-tall Great Ape of Myrtle Beach climbing the Empire State Building\",\n \"title\": \"Hollywood Wax Museum Myrtle Beach\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15372489\",\n \"text\": \"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team The 2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Gamecocks played their home games in Carolina Stadium. The team was coached by Ray Tanner, who was in his fifteenth season at Carolina. The Gamecocks won the 2011 College World Series to become the sixth school in the history of the College World Series to win consecutive national tites (1949-1950 Texas Longhorns; 1970-1974 Southern California Trojans; 1987-1988 Stanford Cardinal; 1996-1997 LSU Tigers; & the 2006-2007 Oregon State Beavers). During their postseason run,\",\n \"title\": \"2011 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1221216\",\n \"text\": \"Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina Briarcliffe Acres is a town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, located between Myrtle Beach and North Myrtle Beach. The population was 457 at the 2010 census. Briarcliffe Acres is located in southeastern Horry County at (33.789267, -78.747300). It is bordered to the north and east by the city of North Myrtle Beach. U.S. Route 17 forms the northern border of the town, leading northeast to the center of North Myrtle Beach and southwest to the center of Myrtle Beach. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of ,\",\n \"title\": \"Briarcliffe Acres, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8303237\",\n \"text\": \"77-63 record, fourth in the league despite no All-Stars. The team earned run average improved to third place (3.12), with Rob Blumberg (2.16) fourth in the league, Mike Ogliaruso (2.52) fifth (and named the number 8 prospect) and Aaron Small (2.80) eighth. Outfielder Nigel Wilson was perhaps the club's most potent offensive force. In 1991 the Myrtle Beach Blue Jays changed their name to the Myrtle Beach Hurricanes, remaining a Toronto Blue Jays affiliate. In their first year as the Hurricanes they went 60-79, 12th in the 14-team South Atlantic League under manager Garth Iorg. The team had the number\",\n \"title\": \"Myrtle Beach Blue Jays\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13245182\",\n \"text\": \"coast and enter South Carolina at North Myrtle Beach. Later that year, officials in both states agreed that I-73 would enter South Carolina south of Rockingham and that the other highway would be I-74. This raised the possibility of I-73 bypassing the Myrtle Beach area entirely, since I-74 would run to the Myrtle Beach area. In May 1997, signs went up declaring the \\\"Future Corridor\\\" in Bennettsville, Marion, Conway and Charleston. At this point, the highway was expected to run 122 miles, 67 of which were already four lanes. The route included US 1, SC 9, SC 38 and US\",\n \"title\": \"Interstate 73 in South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6044327\",\n \"text\": \"Carolina Forest, South Carolina Carolina Forest is an unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It lies between Myrtle Beach and Conway in an area planned by International Paper in the late 1990s. Regarded as the \\\"bedroom community\\\" of Myrtle Beach, the planned unit development will have 20,000 single and multi-family homesites when completed. Most of the development follows the Carolina Forest Master Plan, developed cooperatively between International Paper and the Horry County Government. Carolina Forest was once part of a larger tract of land in eastern Horry County called the Buist Tract. Originally owned by Burroughs &\",\n \"title\": \"Carolina Forest, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6044331\",\n \"text\": \"include Ocean Bay Elementary and Middle Schools. Because nearly half of Carolina Forest was open space, the area was exempt from future open space directives set by Horry County. According to the 2010 census, Carolina Forest's population increased from 3400 in 2000 to 21,000. Carolina Forest, South Carolina Carolina Forest is an unincorporated community in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It lies between Myrtle Beach and Conway in an area planned by International Paper in the late 1990s. Regarded as the \\\"bedroom community\\\" of Myrtle Beach, the planned unit development will have 20,000 single and multi-family homesites when completed.\",\n \"title\": \"Carolina Forest, South Carolina\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14725175\",\n \"text\": \"to the Super Regionals. The Gamecocks were sent on the road to the Myrtle Beach Super Regional to face #4 national seed Coastal Carolina. On June 12, Carolina defeated Coastal, 4–3, behind four early runs and another quality start by staff ace Blake Cooper. On June 13, the Gamecocks again found themselves needing to come from behind in the late-innings. Trailing the Chanticleers 9–7 in the eighth, freshman first-baseman Christian Walker became an instant hero with a 3-run blast that led to a 10–9 victory and ninth trip to Omaha for South Carolina. By virtue of their Super Regional sweep\",\n \"title\": \"2010 South Carolina Gamecocks baseball team\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":297,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"298"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What apostle was crucified?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"17741608","text":"here, in fact only eight of the twelve apostles appear on this tier. From the left, the first icon depicts apostle Thomas. The \"doubting\" disciple was originally a carpenter. He holds a spear in his right hand, symbolizing his martyrdom in India. Bartholomew is the next in the row. Originally he was a peasant, and according to the Christian legend, he died in Armenia, flayed alive and crucified, head downward. Bartholomew holds his own flayed skin in his hand as a symbol of his death. The next apostle is Andrew, Peter's brother. Legend says that he was crucified in Patras,","title":"Iconostasis of the Cathedral of Hajdúdorog"},{"docid":"5152710","text":"this as they were not happy that their time in a ministry was capped. The most important \"victim\" of this policy was Peter Kuhlen, the ordained successor to J.G. Bischoff. When Chief Apostle Bischoff died in 1960, his dogma about Christ's return had not been fulfilled but the weeds had been removed from the church. In 2013, Chief Apostle Wilhelm Leber made a statement in which the position of the Church is reviewed and provides that the \"message\" represented a personal position of Apostle Bischoff. The various communities and congregations which evolved out of these conflicts in different countries (Australia,","title":"Chief Apostle"},{"docid":"5152708","text":"and sometimes, even now. A similar view introduced by minister Friedrich Krebs and can be compared to the one Apostle Peter had 2,000 years ago amongst the original Apostles (He is seen as the first Chief Apostle in the early church). Before Krebs introduced it, the title was already used in the Catholic Apostolic Church, however with a completely different meaning (as the German word \"Stamm\" means \"tribe\" and was used to describe the working areas (=tribes) of the apostles). \"Former Chief Apostles:\" The function of the Chief Apostle is to lead the New Apostolic Church. On questions about the","title":"Chief Apostle"},{"docid":"15577030","text":"Apostle An apostle (), in its most literal sense, is an emissary, from Greek ἀπόστολος (\"apóstolos\"), literally \"one who is sent off\", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (\"apostéllein\"), \"to send off\". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus \"messenger\" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include \"ambassador\" and \"envoy\". The term derives from the Greek of the New Testament and was used for Jesus's original Twelve Apostles (including Peter, James, and John), as well as a wider group of early Christian figures, including Paul and Barnabas. Some other religions use the term","title":"Apostle"},{"docid":"15577204","text":"Andrew the Apostle Andrew the Apostle (; , \"Andreas\"; from the late 1st century BC – mid to late 1st century AD), also known as Saint Andrew and referred to in the Orthodox tradition as the First-Called (, \"Prōtoklētos\"), was a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter. The name \"Andrew\" (Greek: manly, brave, from ἀνδρεία, \"Andreia\", \"manhood, valour\"), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews, Christians, and other Hellenized people of Judea. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. According to Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Saint Andrew is the","title":"Andrew the Apostle"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"17741608\",\n \"text\": \"here, in fact only eight of the twelve apostles appear on this tier. From the left, the first icon depicts apostle Thomas. The \\\"doubting\\\" disciple was originally a carpenter. He holds a spear in his right hand, symbolizing his martyrdom in India. Bartholomew is the next in the row. Originally he was a peasant, and according to the Christian legend, he died in Armenia, flayed alive and crucified, head downward. Bartholomew holds his own flayed skin in his hand as a symbol of his death. The next apostle is Andrew, Peter's brother. Legend says that he was crucified in Patras,\",\n \"title\": \"Iconostasis of the Cathedral of Hajdúdorog\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5152710\",\n \"text\": \"this as they were not happy that their time in a ministry was capped. The most important \\\"victim\\\" of this policy was Peter Kuhlen, the ordained successor to J.G. Bischoff. When Chief Apostle Bischoff died in 1960, his dogma about Christ's return had not been fulfilled but the weeds had been removed from the church. In 2013, Chief Apostle Wilhelm Leber made a statement in which the position of the Church is reviewed and provides that the \\\"message\\\" represented a personal position of Apostle Bischoff. The various communities and congregations which evolved out of these conflicts in different countries (Australia,\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5152708\",\n \"text\": \"and sometimes, even now. A similar view introduced by minister Friedrich Krebs and can be compared to the one Apostle Peter had 2,000 years ago amongst the original Apostles (He is seen as the first Chief Apostle in the early church). Before Krebs introduced it, the title was already used in the Catholic Apostolic Church, however with a completely different meaning (as the German word \\\"Stamm\\\" means \\\"tribe\\\" and was used to describe the working areas (=tribes) of the apostles). \\\"Former Chief Apostles:\\\" The function of the Chief Apostle is to lead the New Apostolic Church. On questions about the\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577030\",\n \"text\": \"Apostle An apostle (), in its most literal sense, is an emissary, from Greek ἀπόστολος (\\\"apóstolos\\\"), literally \\\"one who is sent off\\\", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (\\\"apostéllein\\\"), \\\"to send off\\\". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus \\\"messenger\\\" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include \\\"ambassador\\\" and \\\"envoy\\\". The term derives from the Greek of the New Testament and was used for Jesus's original Twelve Apostles (including Peter, James, and John), as well as a wider group of early Christian figures, including Paul and Barnabas. Some other religions use the term\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577204\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew the Apostle Andrew the Apostle (; , \\\"Andreas\\\"; from the late 1st century BC – mid to late 1st century AD), also known as Saint Andrew and referred to in the Orthodox tradition as the First-Called (, \\\"Prōtoklētos\\\"), was a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter. The name \\\"Andrew\\\" (Greek: manly, brave, from ἀνδρεία, \\\"Andreia\\\", \\\"manhood, valour\\\"), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews, Christians, and other Hellenized people of Judea. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. According to Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Saint Andrew is the\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew the Apostle\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"11603089","text":"The Crucified Soldier The Crucified Soldier refers to the widespread atrocity propaganda story of an Allied soldier serving in the Canadian Corps who may have been crucified with bayonets on a barn door or a tree, while fighting on the Western Front during World War I. Three witnesses said they saw an unidentified crucified Canadian soldier near the battlefield of Ypres, Belgium on or around 24 April 1915, but there was no conclusive proof such a crucifixion actually occurred. The eyewitness accounts were somewhat contradictory, no crucified body was found, and no knowledge was uncovered at the time about the","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"1305487","text":"of Jesus, Philip was sent with his sister Mariamne and Bartholomew to preach in Greece, Phrygia, and Syria. Included in the \"Acts of Philip\" is an appendix, entitled \"Of the Journey of Philip the Apostle: From the Fifteenth Act Until the End, and Among Them the Martyrdom.\" This appendix gives an account of Philip's martyrdom in the city of Hierapolis. According to this account, through a miraculous healing and his preaching Philip converted the wife of the proconsul of the city. This enraged the proconsul, and he had Philip, Bartholomew, and Mariamne all tortured. Philip and Bartholomew were then crucified","title":"Philip the Apostle"},{"docid":"5164131","text":"years on June 14, 2009 at the Calvary Chapel Golden Springs in Diamond Bar, California, and also played at the Cornerstone Festival on the night of July 3, 2009. The band performed their first show overseas on October 31, 2009 at the Nordic Festival in Oslo, Norway. The Crucified is mainly classified as crossover thrash. The band consider themselves mainly a hardcore punk, even though they incorporate styles of speedcore. The Crucified is a Christian band. The Crucified The Crucified is an American Christian hardcore and crossover thrash band from Fresno, California that formed in 1984. Its lineup is vocalist","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"20069415","text":"media, especially Russian official ones. In Russian mass culture the episode - this \"good piece of propaganda\" - became a \"synonymous for journalist fake\". The spread of the news about \"crucified boy\" was later used for statistical analysis of the expansion of fake information in modern social networks and search engines. Crucified Boy \"Crucified Boy\" (, Raspyaty malchik) was the news episode that was officially titled \"\"A refugee from Sloviansk recalls how a little son and a wife of a militiaman were executed in front of her\"\" and was shown on the state-owned Channel One Russia during the War in","title":"Crucified Boy"},{"docid":"6004301","text":"Crucified Barbara Crucified Barbara was an all-female Swedish hard rock and heavy metal band, formed in Stockholm in 1998. Crucified Barbara started out in 1998 as a punk rock band, but soon they changed their primary style to hard rock. They signed in 2003 with GMR Music Group of Stockholm. Recordings took place in Kristianopel, Sweden at Pama Studios/Blakk Records with producer-engineer Mankan Sedenberg during the spring of 2004. Their advance debut single from their first album \"In Distortion We Trust\", was \"Losing the Game\". It was released on 8 December 2005 and went straight to No. 8 on the","title":"Crucified Barbara"},{"docid":"5164127","text":"The Crucified gathered together a small amount of money and recorded 15 songs on a tape named \"Take up Your Cross\" under their new name, The Crucified, and distributed the demo throughout their local area and via mail order. \"Nailed\", the band's second demo, was recorded the following year and the band's exposure continued to grow. Shortly after \"Nailed\" was recorded, the band members graduated from high school and Palmer left the group and was replaced by Mark Johnson. The band recorded \"Live at the New Order\" in March 1989. Greg Sostrom saw The Crucified at a few shows and","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"5164126","text":"sounded juvenile and changed it to The Crucified. The name came from Chaffin thinking of random names that would fit a Christian band. The Crucified added the Bible verse to the name whenever they wrote it. \"For I have been crucified with Christ, therefore I no longer live, but Christ lives in me.\" After almost a year of writing and practicing in the Palmer's living room, the guys recorded 10 songs on a demo tape under the name K.G.B., but it was never circulated. Soon after, Kirk Palmer left the band and was replaced by his brother Trevor. In 1986,","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"4723412","text":"this case the apostle is simply holding what appears to be a book. Such examples would typically be in electroplated nickel silver and marked on the rear face with \"EPNS.\" The identity of the Apostle can be known by the attribute mentioned in the following list: Sources: Apostle spoon An apostle spoon is a spoon (usually silver or silver-plated, but sometimes of other metals, such as pewter) with an image of an apostle or other saint as the termination of the handle, each bearing his distinctive emblem. Apostle spoons were particularly popular in Pre-Reformation times when belief in the services","title":"Apostle spoon"},{"docid":"6004304","text":"a few days later. In April 2017 Nicki, Ida and Klara announced their new band The Heard on Facebook. In November 2006, they supported Motörhead along with Clutch. They played at the heavy metal festival Sweden Rock in June, 2006 and again in 2009, with bands such as Heaven & Hell, In Flames and Dream Theater. In 2010 they played at Wacken Open Air. In 2013 they played at Graspop Metal Meeting and Metalfest in Czech Republic. In 2015, Crucified Barbara joined Girlschool on the North America 'Guilty As Sin' tour. Crucified Barbara Crucified Barbara was an all-female Swedish hard","title":"Crucified Barbara"},{"docid":"5164124","text":"The Crucified The Crucified is an American Christian hardcore and crossover thrash band from Fresno, California that formed in 1984. Its lineup is vocalist Mark Salomon, guitarist Greg Minier, bassist Jeff Bellew, and drummer Jim Chaffin. The Crucified released two studio albums and three demos. They toured California for the majority of their career and appeared at the Cornerstone Festival outside of Chicago several times. The band broke up in 1993 due to personal differences, but reunited in 2009. In late 1984, drummer Jim Chaffin, guitarist Greg Minier, bassist Kirk Palmer, and vocalist Wayne Stonecipher started a band named K.G.B.","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"8905515","text":"1955 Cannes Film Festival, \"The Crucified Lovers\" was one of several of his late-career films (i.e. \"Life of Oharu\", \"Ugetsu\", \"Sansho the Bailiff\") that brought Mizoguchi to the attention of non-Japanese audiences. Photographed by Kazuo Miyagawa (\"Rashomon,\" \"Floating Weeds,\" \"Tokyo Olympiad\"), \"The Crucified Lovers\" features Mizoguchi's sequence shot aesthetic, recalling Japanese woodcuts and scroll paintings. The Crucified Lovers Ishun (Shindo) is a wealthy but miserly scroll-maker in Kyoto, especially regarding his younger wife Osan (\"Kagawa\"), who was from an impoverished family, and married Ishun for money. When Osan's brother asks for a loan, he is refused. Osan then seeks help","title":"The Crucified Lovers"},{"docid":"20069414","text":"Crucified Boy \"Crucified Boy\" (, Raspyaty malchik) was the news episode that was officially titled \"\"A refugee from Sloviansk recalls how a little son and a wife of a militiaman were executed in front of her\"\" and was shown on the state-owned Channel One Russia during the War in Donbass, on July 12, 2014. It contained information about an unconfirmed (or faked) case of the public crucifixion of a three-year-old boy by Ukrainian soldiers at the Lenin Square in Sloviansk. This episode was later widely used as an example of \"disinformation\" or \"lies\", that \"became the standard\" for modern mass","title":"Crucified Boy"},{"docid":"14598714","text":"of the manner the martyr died crucified on an X-shaped cross. The butterfly shaped floor plan emanates from this cruciform. Many other symbolic features mark the tent-like structure, including the giant chandelier over the altar which serves as a halo over the copper cross by National Artist for Visual Art, Vicente Manansala. The proposal of St. Andrew the Apostle Parish began in 1965 when a group of residents belonging to the villages of San Miguel and Bel-Air dreamed of having a parish that they could call their own. The community did not have to wait long. Don Andres Soriano Jr.","title":"Saint Andrew the Apostle Church"},{"docid":"11603102","text":"him.\" Some accounts erroneously name the soldier identified in Overton's documentary as \"Harry Banks\", thus creating an apparent contradiction in that the only Canadian soldier of that name enlisted in the Overseas Expeditionary Force on 1 September 1915 in Victoria, British Columbia, some five months after the supposed crucifixion. The Crucified Soldier The Crucified Soldier refers to the widespread atrocity propaganda story of an Allied soldier serving in the Canadian Corps who may have been crucified with bayonets on a barn door or a tree, while fighting on the Western Front during World War I. Three witnesses said they saw","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"4929361","text":"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors; Or, Christianity Before Christ, Containing New, Startling, and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament, and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of 16 Heathen Crucified Gods is an 1875 book written by American freethinker Kersey Graves, which asserts that Jesus was not an actual person, but was a creation largely based on earlier stories of deities or god-men saviours who had been crucified and descended","title":"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors"},{"docid":"11603096","text":"in the Ypres sector, was the favoured setting. The victim was not always Canadian: Ian Hay, who dated the incident to spring 1915, maintained that the victim was British, and that he was crucified on a tree by German cavalrymen. A version which appeared in the Los Angeles newspapers kept the Canadian nationality, but made it two soldiers. A Canadian soldier who allegedly helped take down the soldier's body suggested the crucified soldier appeared to be a sergeant from the medical service and was possibly from Brantford, and at some point the victim was identified as Sergeant Thomas Elliott, of","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"11603097","text":"Brantford. Elliott himself later wrote to his local pastor to report that it had not been him. According to Private George Barrie of the 13th Battalion, he saw a party of Germans in the village of St. Julien on 24 April 1915, which had been in the rear of the 1st Canadian Division until a gas attack on 22 April, when it became the front line. Barrie reported that he saw what appeared to be a man in British uniform who had been crucified to a post by eight bayonets. In 1918 British artist Francis Derwent Wood created a bronze","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"11603098","text":"sculpture entitled \"Canada's Golgotha\" which depicted a Canadian soldier crucified on a barn door and surrounded by jeering Germans. It was to be included in the exhibition of the Canadian War Memorial Fund collection, and was widely publicized before the exhibition opened. The exhibition, at Burlington House, London, was due to open in January 1919, just before the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty and Canadian Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden requested further investigation into the veracity of the story, while the German government formally requested that the Canadian government publicly acknowledge that the story of the crucified soldier was","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"5152707","text":"is what the Bible itself promotes. The following are other views on chief apostles and the religions that therefore must flow out of those beliefs. One system in common use today is used by Messianic apostles who believe James \"the Just\" was Chief Apostle, in Jerusalem, following Jesus (they use the Hebrew form of his name, Y'shua, in various spellings) return to his Father in Heaven. A similar system is used by Catholic churches worldwide, varying from Roman Catholics, to Anglican Catholics, to Coptic, Russian etc. Each with a differing view on who is, or was, a Chief Apostle originally,","title":"Chief Apostle"},{"docid":"11603101","text":"a letter to her that her suspicions that her brother had been \"the crucified soldier\" were true. Band's body was never recovered, and he is commemorated on the Menin Gate memorial. The evidence discovered by Overton included a typewritten note by a British nurse found in the Liddle Collection of war correspondence in Leeds University. The note related comments by a Lance Corporal C.M. Brown to his nurse, Miss Ursula Violet Chaloner, whom he told of a Sergeant Harry Band who was \"crucified after a battle of Ypres on one of the doors of a barn with five bayonets in","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"11603100","text":"the story of the Crucified Soldier as well as other myths of World War I in his doctoral dissertation and developed them into a television documentary, which was transmitted in 2002 as part of UK Channel 4's \"Secret History\" series. Overton uncovered new historical evidence which identified the crucified soldier as Sergeant Harry Band of the Central Ontario Regiment of the Canadian Infantry, who was reported missing in action on 24 April 1915 near Ypres. Other soldiers in his unit wrote to Band's sister Elizabeth Petrie to express their condolences, and a year later, one of them finally confirmed in","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"14731298","text":"painting, it fell out of fashion in the 20th century, when critics preferred to see Goya as a Romantic painter with little or no Catholic faith who paid scant attention to academic or religious painting. However, postmodernism has assessed Goya and his work as a whole, in all its facets, and has taken into account that this is a work in which Goya was still striving for professional prestige. Christ Crucified (Goya) Christ Crucified (Cristo crucificado) is a 1780 painting of the Crucifixion of Jesus by Francisco de Goya. He presented it to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de","title":"Christ Crucified (Goya)"},{"docid":"11603090","text":"identity of the supposedly crucified soldier. During World War II the story was used by the Nazis as an example of British propaganda. On 10 May 1915, \"The Times\" printed a short item titled \"Torture of a Canadian Officer\" as coming from its Paris correspondent. According to the piece, Canadian soldiers wounded at Ypres had told how one of their officers had been crucified to a wall \"by bayonets thrust through his hands and feet\" before having another bayonet driven through his throat and, finally, \"riddled with bullets\". The soldiers said that it had been seen by the Royal Dublin","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"4929368","text":"the crucifixion and resurrection of Sumerian goddess Inanna (also known as Ishtar), neither of whom are mentioned by Graves. The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors; Or, Christianity Before Christ, Containing New, Startling, and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament, and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of 16 Heathen Crucified Gods is an 1875 book written by American freethinker Kersey Graves, which asserts that Jesus was not an actual person, but","title":"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors"},{"docid":"20024736","text":"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters) \"The Crucified Christ\" (MA 2005.274) is a sculpture in walrus ivory, probably from Paris c 1300, now in The Cloisters, New York. It is lined with traces of paint and gilding. Although small in scale, it is structured in a monumental style. It shows the dead and crucified body of Christ; in the 12th century the dead Christ was widely seen as representing human suffering. This work is noted for its high quality craftsmanship, and the subtle and sensitive rendering of the torso. The stunted legs are a notable and somewhat inexplicable feature. The sculpture","title":"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters)"},{"docid":"20024734","text":"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters) \"The Crucified Christ\" (MA 2005.274) is a sculpture in walrus ivory, probably from Paris c 1300, now in The Cloisters, New York. It is lined with traces of paint and gilding. Although small in scale, it is structured in a monumental style. It shows the dead and crucified body of Christ; in the 12th century the dead Christ was widely seen as representing human suffering. This work is noted for its high quality craftsmanship, and the subtle and sensitive rendering of the torso. The stunted legs are a notable and somewhat inexplicable feature. The sculpture","title":"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters)"},{"docid":"3464995","text":"to bring Christianity to Armenia, and are therefore venerated as the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Linked to this tradition is the Saint Thaddeus Monastery (now in northern Iran) and Saint Bartholomew Monastery (now in southeastern Turkey) which were both constructed in what was then Armenia. Tradition holds that Jude the Apostle was vegetarian. According to tradition, Saint Jude suffered martyrdom about 65 AD in Beirut, in the Roman province of Syria, together with the apostle Simon the Zealot, with whom he is usually connected. The axe that he is often shown holding in pictures symbolizes the way","title":"Jude the Apostle"},{"docid":"14731294","text":"Christ Crucified (Goya) Christ Crucified (Cristo crucificado) is a 1780 painting of the Crucifixion of Jesus by Francisco de Goya. He presented it to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando as his entry work as an academician. It now forms part of the permanent collection of the Prado Museum. The painting is neoclassical in style, though rooted in traditional Spanish iconography of the subject and related to the treatment of the same topic by Velázquez (even borrowing its dark black background with no landscape) and Anton Raphael Mengs (borrowing his presentation of the right leg pushed forwards).","title":"Christ Crucified (Goya)"},{"docid":"12998047","text":"painting have inspired much religious writing, notably the poem \"El Cristo de Velázquez\" by the Spanish writer and philosopher [[Miguel de Unamuno]]. [[Category:1632 paintings]] [[Category:Velazquez paintings in the Museo del Prado]] [[Category:Religious paintings by Velazquez]] [[Category:Crucifixion of Jesus in art]] Christ Crucified (Velázquez) Christ Crucified is a 1632 painting by Diego Velázquez depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus. The work, painted in oil on canvas, measures 249 × 170 cm and is owned by the Museo del Prado. During his stay in Rome, Velázquez made various nude studies he used in later paintings, such as \"Apollo at the Forge of Vulcan\"","title":"Christ Crucified (Velázquez)"},{"docid":"12998043","text":"Christ Crucified (Velázquez) Christ Crucified is a 1632 painting by Diego Velázquez depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus. The work, painted in oil on canvas, measures 249 × 170 cm and is owned by the Museo del Prado. During his stay in Rome, Velázquez made various nude studies he used in later paintings, such as \"Apollo at the Forge of Vulcan\" (1630) and \"Joseph's Tunic\" (1630). Art critics assert that the nude study for this painting is exceptional and masterly in its fusion of serenity, dignity and nobility. It is a life-size frontal nude, without the support of a narrative scene.","title":"Christ Crucified (Velázquez)"},{"docid":"11549087","text":"new version of the song, simply called 'Crucified 2013'. It contains new vocals from Dominika Peczynski. The Swedish heavy metal band Ghost covered the song on their 2013 EP 'If You Have Ghost'. Cassette single CD single 7\" single 12\" maxi-single CD single (UK re-issue) CD maxi (U.S.) 12\" maxi (UK Re-issue) In 2013, Swedish heavy metal band Ghost covered the song for their EP \"If You Have Ghost\". Crucified (Army of Lovers song) \"Crucified\" is a 1991 song recorded by the Swedish band Army of Lovers. It is the first single from their second album \"Massive Luxury Overdose\" and","title":"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)"},{"docid":"426917","text":"present-day India. According to tradition, Thomas reached Muziris, (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in the state of Kerala, India) in AD 50 and baptized several people, founding what today are known as Saint Thomas Christians or Mar Thoma Nazranis. After his death, the reputed relics of Saint Thomas the Apostle were enshrined as far as Mesopotamia in the 3rd century, and later moved to various places. In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Abruzzo in Ortona, Italy, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle. He is often regarded as the Patron Saint","title":"Thomas the Apostle"},{"docid":"4723409","text":"Apostle spoon An apostle spoon is a spoon (usually silver or silver-plated, but sometimes of other metals, such as pewter) with an image of an apostle or other saint as the termination of the handle, each bearing his distinctive emblem. Apostle spoons were particularly popular in Pre-Reformation times when belief in the services of a patron saint was still strong. They symbolize the Last Supper of Christ in the company of the Apostles. Apostle spoons were especially popular in England, but were also found in large numbers in Germany. Originating in early-fifteenth century in Europe as spoons used at table","title":"Apostle spoon"},{"docid":"4929363","text":"Richard Carrier found the book to be incomplete, he appreciated some of its points. Graves, often citing \"Anacalypsis\" and other works by Godfrey Higgins (1772–1833) as his source, asserts in the book that many messiah-like \"saviors\" were crucified on a cross or tree before ascending into heaven. \"One thing is clear — the mythos of the Hindus, the mythos of the Jews and the mythos of the Greeks are all at bottom the same; and what are called their early histories are not histories of humankind, but are contrivances under the appearance of histories to perpetuate doctrines.\" (Higgins, \"Anacalypsis\") Here","title":"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors"},{"docid":"11549084","text":"Crucified (Army of Lovers song) \"Crucified\" is a 1991 song recorded by the Swedish band Army of Lovers. It is the first single from their second album \"Massive Luxury Overdose\" and the seventh single to be released by the band. It was released from May 1991 (in Sweden) to February 1992 (in France). A re-edition that features on \"Massive Luxury Overdose (US Version)\" was made in 1992. It was recorded by Jean-Pierre Barda (vocals, drums), Alexander Bard (vocals, computer) and La Camilla (vocals, bass) who also feature in the videoclip. The two remixes available on the CD maxi and vinyl","title":"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)"},{"docid":"16959999","text":"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified The Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified are a congregation of contemplative Benedictine Religious Sisters which was founded in France in 1930. Their particular gift has been to make monastic life possible for women who might not normally be admitted to a monastery due to their state of health or their having a physical disability by all candidates deemed capable of living a monastic life regardless of their physical condition. For this they follow the Rule of St. Benedict with certain adaptations to make this possible. The Abbé Maurice Gaucheron (died 29 March 1951) was a","title":"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified"},{"docid":"11549085","text":"12\" maxi are made by Nuzak. Kurt Cobain of the hugely successful alternative rock group Nirvana praised the band in his posthumously published journals, but specifically the song \"Crucified.\" The song was successful in several European countries, including Germany, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland, where it reached the top 10. It reached the #1 in Belgium. In the United States, \"Crucified\" became a huge club hit and radio favorite, debuting at #6 in the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance singles chart and spending a total of 14 weeks in the Top-20. The song was played in Gabriel Aghion's 1996 film, \"Pédale douce\", and","title":"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)"},{"docid":"1564975","text":"Coley \"Forced Exposure\" #18 Twelfth Apostle Twelfth Apostle is the 22nd album by Jandek. After the crazed purging of \"The Electric End,\" the sidelong piece that ended \"Lost Cause\", many thought Jandek was finished. But the \"Twelfth Apostle\" appeared in 1993, marking a return to straight acoustic and vocals. It was released as Corwood #0760. \"Twelfth Apostle\" carries a lot of baggage, being as it marked both the start of the \"second acoustic phase\" and the last vinyl LP to be released by Corwood Industries. Because of the latter fact, it was only available a short time when first released","title":"Twelfth Apostle"},{"docid":"1564971","text":"Twelfth Apostle Twelfth Apostle is the 22nd album by Jandek. After the crazed purging of \"The Electric End,\" the sidelong piece that ended \"Lost Cause\", many thought Jandek was finished. But the \"Twelfth Apostle\" appeared in 1993, marking a return to straight acoustic and vocals. It was released as Corwood #0760. \"Twelfth Apostle\" carries a lot of baggage, being as it marked both the start of the \"second acoustic phase\" and the last vinyl LP to be released by Corwood Industries. Because of the latter fact, it was only available a short time when first released - not long after","title":"Twelfth Apostle"},{"docid":"16960004","text":"2012 the congregation has four monasteries. The number of monasteries in France has been reduced to two: the motherhouse in Brou-sur-Chantereine, and another in Saint-James, a village in Normandy. The two American communities were merged in 2001 into a new monastery in Branford, Connecticut. The monastery in Japan continues. Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified The Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified are a congregation of contemplative Benedictine Religious Sisters which was founded in France in 1930. Their particular gift has been to make monastic life possible for women who might not normally be admitted to a monastery due to their state","title":"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified"},{"docid":"15577212","text":"Andrew as bound, not nailed, to a Latin cross of the kind on which Jesus is said to have been crucified; yet a tradition developed that Andrew had been crucified on a cross of the form called \"crux decussata\" (X-shaped cross, or \"saltire\"), now commonly known as a \"Saint Andrew's Cross\" — supposedly at his own request, as he deemed himself unworthy to be crucified on the same type of cross as Jesus had been. The iconography of the martyrdom of Andrew — showing him bound to an X-shaped cross — does not appear to have been standardized until the","title":"Andrew the Apostle"},{"docid":"6004302","text":"Swedish music charts. The video to accompany it was recorded and produced by M Industries. The album was released in Sweden on 19 January and is available outside Sweden in several countries including the U.K, the U.S.A, France, Germany, and Benelux. In 2006, they contributed two songs, \"Killed by Death\" and \"Please Don't Touch\", to \"St. Valentines Day Massacre\", a tribute album to Motörhead. Crucified Barbara's second album, \"Til Death Do Us Party\", was released in Scandinavia on 11 February 2009 and in the rest of Europe on 27 February. It was produced in part by Mats Levén (known for","title":"Crucified Barbara"},{"docid":"5164128","text":"offered them a recording contract with his new start-up label, Narrowpath Records. The band accepted the offer and started to record songs at Casbah Studios in Southern California. The 15-track album was titled \"The Crucified\". It was released in compact disc format, which was a new format in the late 1980s. After the album's release, the band started to tour around California, including appearances at the Cornerstone Festival as well as opening for D.R.I., G.B.H., and Pantera. Johnson was fired from the band due to personal differences and the guys started looking for a new bassist. Chaffin responded to an","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"13816332","text":"learn in silence in all submissiveness. I permit no woman to teach or have authority over men; she is to keep silent.\" She believes the letters to the Colossians and to the Ephesians, which order women to \"be subject in everything to their husbands\", do not express what she says were Paul's very favorable attitudes toward women, but also were \"pseudo-Pauline\" forgeries. Paul the Apostle and women The relationship between Paul the Apostle and Women is an important element in the theological debate about Christianity and women because Paul was the first writer to give ecclesiastical directives about the role","title":"Paul the Apostle and women"},{"docid":"6004303","text":"producing albums by Yngwie Malmsteen, Krux, and Therion, among other bands within that genre. Mats also sang vocals on the song \"Jennyfer\". In November 2009, Crucified Barbara went out on a six weeks European tour to promote the new album \"Til Death Do Us Party\". They played in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic and Sweden. A documentary film was made about the tour by film-maker Mats Lundberg from Doom Films. The documentary was released in 2010. The band announced their split in June 2016. Mia announced her solo project under her new name Mia Karlsson","title":"Crucified Barbara"},{"docid":"5164129","text":"ad in a newspaper posted by Jeff Bellew, citing The Crucified as an influence. Bellew joined the band and drove for four hours from his home in So Cal to Fresno every weekend to practice. Eventually the drive became too costly, and he moved to Fresno to practice with the band. After recruiting Bellew, the band started to write and record for their second studio album, \"The Pillars of Humanity\". When the album was released 1991 on Narrowpath Records the band did not tour very much for the album. In 1992 the band was broken up, but 1993 is when","title":"The Crucified"},{"docid":"11413541","text":"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"11413536","text":"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"15577032","text":"doctrine of apostolic succession, held by many branches of Christianity; and in the Four Marks of the Church (\"one, holy, catholic, and apostolic\") found in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. The term \"apostle\" is derived from Classical Greek ἀπόστολος (\"apóstolos\"), meaning \"one who is sent off\", from στέλλειν (\"stellein\"), \"to send\" + από (\"apó\"), \"off, away from\". The literal meaning in English is therefore an \"emissary\" (from the Latin \"mittere\", \"to send\", and \"ex\", \"from, out, off\". The word \"apostle\" has two meanings, the broader meaning of a messenger and the narrower meaning of an early Christian apostle directly linked to Jesus.","title":"Apostle"},{"docid":"16458340","text":"Apostle\" has been mixed to positive, with Publishers Weekly calling the book \"less than convincing\". Booklist wrote that one of the subplots \"seems to be from a completely different book distracts a bit, but the main story line will keep fans of action-driven thrillers reading.\" BookReporter.com praised \"The Apostle\", citing that \"Thor continues to top himself with each successive novel and reaches new and even more exciting heights with THE APOSTLE.\" The Apostle (novel) The Apostle is a spy thriller novel written by New York Times Bestselling author Brad Thor. \"The Apostle\" is the eighth book in the Scot Harvath","title":"The Apostle (novel)"},{"docid":"11372892","text":"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"11372888","text":"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"11372889","text":"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"3952789","text":"Apostle Islands The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior, off the Bayfield Peninsula in northern Wisconsin. The majority of the islands are located in Ashland County—only Sand, York, Eagle, and Raspberry Islands are located in Bayfield County. All the islands except for Madeline Island are part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. The islands in Ashland County are all in the Town of La Pointe, except for Long Island, which is in the Town of Sanborn, while those in Bayfield County are in the Towns of Russell and Bayfield. \"The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore provides","title":"Apostle Islands"},{"docid":"2286758","text":"of the Twelve is sustained by name. Usually, the president of the church ordains a new apostle, although any other apostle may ordain a person to the priesthood office. If the president of the church is unable due to infirmity to ordain a new apostle, the ordination is usually performed by an apostle who is a member of the First Presidency or by the president of the Quorum of the Twelve. The \"Bible Dictionary\" of the LDS Church defines apostle as meaning \"one sent forth\" and elaborates as follows: [Apostle] was the title Jesus gave () to the twelve whom","title":"Apostle (Latter Day Saints)"},{"docid":"10650487","text":"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the","title":"What Happened Was"},{"docid":"1564972","text":"the first Corwood CDs came out, all vinyl was removed from the catalog with Corwood saying \"vinyl LPs no longer available.\" This seems to coincide both with a major flood in Houston and a period of time when customers received \"wet\" CDs, so the theory is that a flood may have destroyed Corwood's remaining vinyl inventory, but that has not been confirmed. Another interesting aspect is the title. The \"twelfth apostle\" of Jesus Christ was Judas, the traitor. What all this means (and there have been many speculations) is impossible to know, but the title track definitely references religious imagery.","title":"Twelfth Apostle"},{"docid":"327817","text":"his worthiness to become an apostle. Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew","title":"Paul the Apostle"},{"docid":"16458339","text":"The Apostle (novel) The Apostle is a spy thriller novel written by New York Times Bestselling author Brad Thor. \"The Apostle\" is the eighth book in the Scot Harvath series. \"The Apostle\" follows the character of Scot Harvath as he is sent on a top secret assignment for the United States government to rescue Julia Gallo, a kidnapped American doctor. For her to be released, the ransom is the freeing of al-Qaeda member Mustafa Khan from Policharki Prison. Once there, Harvath discovers that this was not a simple kidnapping and that nothing is as it seems. Critical reception for \"The","title":"The Apostle (novel)"},{"docid":"5152711","text":"Europe, South-Africa) gathered in 1956 to form the United Apostolic Church. Chief Apostle The Chief Apostle is the highest minister in the New Apostolic Church, and has existed since 1896. The term \"Chief Apostle\" was first used officially to describe Jesus Christ in the New Covenant Scriptures, Book of Hebrews, Chapter 3, verse 1, where he is also called the High Priest. As far as the controversies regarding which of the remaining 11, then 12 and then more apostles after that which includes then Saul, later called Paul, Scripture itself does not say. It may very well have been that","title":"Chief Apostle"},{"docid":"5152706","text":"Chief Apostle The Chief Apostle is the highest minister in the New Apostolic Church, and has existed since 1896. The term \"Chief Apostle\" was first used officially to describe Jesus Christ in the New Covenant Scriptures, Book of Hebrews, Chapter 3, verse 1, where he is also called the High Priest. As far as the controversies regarding which of the remaining 11, then 12 and then more apostles after that which includes then Saul, later called Paul, Scripture itself does not say. It may very well have been that they continued to follow the Messiah as their head. Indeed, that","title":"Chief Apostle"},{"docid":"15609716","text":"Enina Apostle The Enina Apostle or Enina Apostolos (scholarly abbreviation Enin) is an 11th-century Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic manuscript. Discovered in a poor condition in 1960 during restoration work in the central Bulgarian village of Enina, the partially preserved parchment manuscript is housed in the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library in Sofia. It is the oldest Cyrillic manuscript currently held by any Bulgarian collection. The Enina Apostle was discovered in 1960 during the restoration of the old Church of Saint Paraskeva in the village of Enina. The village lies in south central Bulgaria, north of Kazanlăk, and is administratively","title":"Enina Apostle"},{"docid":"7190724","text":"lighthouses of the Apostle Islands in 2013. Apostle Islands Lighthouses There are several historic lighthouses on Lake Superior on or near the Apostle Islands in Wisconsin. Six of these lighthouses, all in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, were listed as a group on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 under the name Apostle Islands Lighthouses. The lighthouses are generally located at the edge of the group of islands, as beacons to guide shipping through and around the islands. The need for guidance increased in 1855 when the Soo Locks opened, connecting Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway","title":"Apostle Islands Lighthouses"},{"docid":"18661239","text":"before its album was released in 2014, was first played in January 2012 at Slamdance Film Festival. As the title suggests, the song refers to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the death of Osama bin Laden in 2011. The lyrics also refer to executions of Benito Mussolini and his mistress Claretta \"Clara\" Petacci, as well as the public display of their corpses in Piazzale Loreto, in 1945. Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ \"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\" is a single from Against Me!, released on 7\" coloured vinyl on April 18, 2015, on Total Treble","title":"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ"},{"docid":"10840910","text":"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \"What I Was\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person","title":"What I Was"},{"docid":"18660880","text":"how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,","title":"What Was Before"},{"docid":"18660879","text":"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of","title":"What Was Before"},{"docid":"11413537","text":"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \"What Was Lost\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \"What Was Lost\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \"What Was Lost\" is set in the city","title":"What Was Lost"},{"docid":"19421270","text":"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to","title":"What Was Said"},{"docid":"19421268","text":"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration","title":"What Was Said"},{"docid":"18661238","text":"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ \"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\" is a single from Against Me!, released on 7\" coloured vinyl on April 18, 2015, on Total Treble Music, as a limited edition for Record Store Day 2015. The track, which originally appeared on the 2014 album \"Transgender Dysphoria Blues\", appears in two versions: a live version, from \"23 Live Sex Acts\", and an exclusive alternate version referred to as the \"extra dysphoric version\" performed solely by frontwoman Laura Jane Grace. The single was released as a limited-edition 7\" single for Record Store Day. The song,","title":"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ"},{"docid":"505942","text":"John the Apostle John the Apostle ( ; ; Koine Greek: Ἰωάννης; ; Latin: \"Ioannes\"; ) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome or Joanna. His brother was James, who was another of the Twelve Apostles. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and that he was the only one to die of natural","title":"John the Apostle"},{"docid":"11603093","text":"had not heard that the crucifixion had been witnessed by any Allied forces and commented that there was room to suppose that the man had been dead when he was crucified. On 19 May, Sir Robert Houston returned to the subject in the House of Commons, asking Harold Tennant: Tennant replied that the military authorities in France had standing instructions to send details of any authenticated atrocities committed against British troops, and that no official information had been received. He added that inquiries were being made, and were not yet complete. Colonel Ernest J. Chambers, the Canadian chief censor, began","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"11603092","text":"who were eyewitnesses of the incidents had made affidavits, and whether the officer in command at Boulogne had not called the attention of the War Office to them. It was then stated that inquiries would be made. On 15 May, \"The Times\" published a letter from a member of the army, according to which the crucified soldier was in fact a sergeant, and he had been found transfixed to the wooden fence of a farm building. The letter added that he had been repeatedly stabbed with bayonets and that there were many puncture wounds in his body. The unidentified correspondent","title":"The Crucified Soldier"},{"docid":"12386017","text":"Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church The ) is an Orthodox Church in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is dedicated to St. John the Apostle. The original structure was built in 1880. It is the oldest wooden church building among existing wooden churches in Japan. After the establishment of the Japanese Orthodox Church by Ivan Dmitrievich Kasatkin (1836-1912), later St. Nicholas of Japan, in Kanda, Tokyo in the early Meiji period, he gathered a number of disciples, some of whom were from the Oshika District in what s now part of","title":"Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church"},{"docid":"15577041","text":"world. To Bahá'ís, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the Báb's Letters of the Living. Apostle An apostle (), in its most literal sense, is an emissary, from Greek ἀπόστολος (\"apóstolos\"), literally \"one who is sent off\", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (\"apostéllein\"), \"to send off\". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus \"messenger\" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include \"ambassador\" and \"envoy\". The term derives from the Greek of the New Testament and was used for Jesus's original Twelve","title":"Apostle"},{"docid":"743020","text":"to the texts, on king's command, the saint was killed by beheading. It is also argued that the saint was removed of the skin alive and hanged upside down. He is believed to have been killed there on August 24. He was only 50 years old. Along with his fellow apostle Jude \"Thaddeus\", Bartholomew is reputed to have brought Christianity to Armenia in the 1st century. Thus, both saints are considered the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church. One tradition has it that Apostle Bartholomew was executed in Albanopolis in Armenia. According to popular hagiography, the apostle was flayed","title":"Bartholomew the Apostle"},{"docid":"505970","text":"Saint John continued to be made; a case in point is an etching by Jacques Bellange, shown to the right, described by art critic Richard Dorment as depicting 'a softly androgynous creature with a corona of frizzy hair, small breasts like a teenage girl, and the round belly of a mature woman.' John the Apostle John the Apostle ( ; ; Koine Greek: Ἰωάννης; ; Latin: \"Ioannes\"; ) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and","title":"John the Apostle"},{"docid":"1752122","text":"at Heraclea). This See would later develop into the Patriarchate of Constantinople, having Apostle Andrew as its Patron Saint. It was not clear if Stachys was the same person whom Paul calls \"dear\" in the \"Epistle to the Romans\" (Rom. 16:9). His feast day is on October 31. Stachys the Apostle Stachys the Apostle (Greek: Στάχυς \"ear-spike\"), (? – 54), was the second bishop of Byzantium, from AD 38 to AD 54. He seemed to be closely connected to Saint Andrew and Saint Paul. Eusebius quotes Origen as saying that Andrew had preached in Asia Minor and in Scythia, along","title":"Stachys the Apostle"},{"docid":"7190722","text":"Apostle Islands Lighthouses There are several historic lighthouses on Lake Superior on or near the Apostle Islands in Wisconsin. Six of these lighthouses, all in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, were listed as a group on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 under the name Apostle Islands Lighthouses. The lighthouses are generally located at the edge of the group of islands, as beacons to guide shipping through and around the islands. The need for guidance increased in 1855 when the Soo Locks opened, connecting Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway to the east. Shipping also increased as","title":"Apostle Islands Lighthouses"},{"docid":"3952797","text":"and lumber capitalists continual and sometimes deadly efforts to completely remove the Ojibwe people, successfully securing permanent reserves of land including the mainland coastline nearest the Islands for the Red Cliff band, as well as entire reservations for other bands in the region. The islands were renamed the Apostle Islands by New France historian Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, who renamed them after the 12 apostles (for the 12 largest islands). All islands lie in the Town of La Pointe, in Ashland County, unless indicated otherwise. Apostle Islands The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior,","title":"Apostle Islands"},{"docid":"19818789","text":"Man\". \"The Hollywood Reporter\" stated that \"while climactic battles are violent, they never really thrill,\" concluding that \"fans of \"The Raid\" [Evans' previous film series] should look elsewhere for their thrills.\" Collider and \"The A.V. Club\" gave \"Apostle\" more favorable reviews with a B and B minus respectively. Apostle (film) Apostle is a 2018 British-American period horror film written and directed by Gareth Evans and starring Dan Stevens, Lucy Boynton, Mark Lewis Jones, Bill Milner, Kristine Froseth and Michael Sheen. It had its world premiere at Fantastic Fest in September 2018. The film began streaming on Netflix on October 12,","title":"Apostle (film)"},{"docid":"8905508","text":"The Crucified Lovers Ishun (Shindo) is a wealthy but miserly scroll-maker in Kyoto, especially regarding his younger wife Osan (\"Kagawa\"), who was from an impoverished family, and married Ishun for money. When Osan's brother asks for a loan, he is refused. Osan then seeks help from Mohei (Hasegawa), one of Ishun's top apprentices, who forges a receipt in an attempt at obtaining the money from Ishun, but is caught. Ishun threatens to summon the authorities, but a maid (Minamida) asks him to forgive the act, claiming that she had asked for the money. Ishun makes nightly sexual forays into the","title":"The Crucified Lovers"},{"docid":"1305490","text":"of Jesus. Philip the Apostle Philip the Apostle (; , \"Philippos\") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia. In the Roman Rite, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Less, was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the Gnostic codices discovered in the Nag Hammadi library in","title":"Philip the Apostle"},{"docid":"1305481","text":"Philip the Apostle Philip the Apostle (; , \"Philippos\") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia. In the Roman Rite, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Less, was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the Gnostic codices discovered in the Nag Hammadi library in 1945 bears","title":"Philip the Apostle"},{"docid":"16566917","text":"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \"What Was Missing\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \"Door Jam\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \"What Was Missing\" was","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"327735","text":"Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister","title":"Paul the Apostle"},{"docid":"20824096","text":"The Apostle Matthew The Apostle Matthew is a c.1618-1620 painting of Matthew the Apostle by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck. One of its inspirations was probably the series of paintings of the apostles he had seen in his master Rubens' studio around 1610, produced for the Duke of Lerma. The smooth brushwork is consistent with the painter's other works from first period in Antwerp. Around 1914 it and a series of other paintings were acquired from an Italian private collection by the Dutch art dealer Julius Böhler - together the paintings were known as \"the Böhler series\" after him,","title":"The Apostle Matthew"},{"docid":"16566926","text":"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \"Fionna & Cake\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\" vinyl record release \"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\" included \"I'm Just Your Problem\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"10840914","text":"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa","title":"What I Was"},{"docid":"16566912","text":"What Was Missing \"What Was Missing\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In","title":"What Was Missing"},{"docid":"20824097","text":"though he sold them separately to various museums and private collections. In 2016 \"Matthew\" reappearted in the private collection of one Mrs Generet, along with a \"Self-Portrait\" by Jacob Jordaens. Both paintings were then donated to the Koning Boudewijnstichting, which put \"Matthew\" on long-term loan to the Rubenshuis in Antwerp as the only painting from Van Dyck's apostles series now in Belgium. The Apostle Matthew The Apostle Matthew is a c.1618-1620 painting of Matthew the Apostle by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck. One of its inspirations was probably the series of paintings of the apostles he had seen in","title":"The Apostle Matthew"},{"docid":"10650488","text":"stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \"Contrived\" and stating that \"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely","title":"What Happened Was"},{"docid":"11372891","text":"from the \"Totally MAD\" CD-ROM collection of the magazine's run. In 1987, Andy Griffith made an appearance on \"The Tonight Show\" promoting his series, \"Matlock,\" in which he acted out the attorney Benjamin Layton Matlock, one of whose heroes was, presumably, Erle Stanley Gardner's Perry Mason. During the interview, guest host Bill Cosby told Griffith that he had purchased Griffith's recording of \"What It Was, Was Football.\" Cosby then told Griffith that he had performed it at school and received an A for his grade, much to Griffith's surprise and delight. In 1997, the monologue was made into a short","title":"What It Was, Was Football"},{"docid":"15577035","text":"after his resurrection, to spread the message of the Gospel to all nations (). There is also a tradition in the Eastern Churches of \"Seventy Apostles\", derived from the seventy-two disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a \"special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others.\" In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. As of March 31st, 2018, the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church are: M. Russell","title":"Apostle"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603089\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified Soldier The Crucified Soldier refers to the widespread atrocity propaganda story of an Allied soldier serving in the Canadian Corps who may have been crucified with bayonets on a barn door or a tree, while fighting on the Western Front during World War I. Three witnesses said they saw an unidentified crucified Canadian soldier near the battlefield of Ypres, Belgium on or around 24 April 1915, but there was no conclusive proof such a crucifixion actually occurred. The eyewitness accounts were somewhat contradictory, no crucified body was found, and no knowledge was uncovered at the time about the\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1305487\",\n \"text\": \"of Jesus, Philip was sent with his sister Mariamne and Bartholomew to preach in Greece, Phrygia, and Syria. Included in the \\\"Acts of Philip\\\" is an appendix, entitled \\\"Of the Journey of Philip the Apostle: From the Fifteenth Act Until the End, and Among Them the Martyrdom.\\\" This appendix gives an account of Philip's martyrdom in the city of Hierapolis. According to this account, through a miraculous healing and his preaching Philip converted the wife of the proconsul of the city. This enraged the proconsul, and he had Philip, Bartholomew, and Mariamne all tortured. Philip and Bartholomew were then crucified\",\n \"title\": \"Philip the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164131\",\n \"text\": \"years on June 14, 2009 at the Calvary Chapel Golden Springs in Diamond Bar, California, and also played at the Cornerstone Festival on the night of July 3, 2009. The band performed their first show overseas on October 31, 2009 at the Nordic Festival in Oslo, Norway. The Crucified is mainly classified as crossover thrash. The band consider themselves mainly a hardcore punk, even though they incorporate styles of speedcore. The Crucified is a Christian band. The Crucified The Crucified is an American Christian hardcore and crossover thrash band from Fresno, California that formed in 1984. Its lineup is vocalist\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20069415\",\n \"text\": \"media, especially Russian official ones. In Russian mass culture the episode - this \\\"good piece of propaganda\\\" - became a \\\"synonymous for journalist fake\\\". The spread of the news about \\\"crucified boy\\\" was later used for statistical analysis of the expansion of fake information in modern social networks and search engines. Crucified Boy \\\"Crucified Boy\\\" (, Raspyaty malchik) was the news episode that was officially titled \\\"\\\"A refugee from Sloviansk recalls how a little son and a wife of a militiaman were executed in front of her\\\"\\\" and was shown on the state-owned Channel One Russia during the War in\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6004301\",\n \"text\": \"Crucified Barbara Crucified Barbara was an all-female Swedish hard rock and heavy metal band, formed in Stockholm in 1998. Crucified Barbara started out in 1998 as a punk rock band, but soon they changed their primary style to hard rock. They signed in 2003 with GMR Music Group of Stockholm. Recordings took place in Kristianopel, Sweden at Pama Studios/Blakk Records with producer-engineer Mankan Sedenberg during the spring of 2004. Their advance debut single from their first album \\\"In Distortion We Trust\\\", was \\\"Losing the Game\\\". It was released on 8 December 2005 and went straight to No. 8 on the\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Barbara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164127\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified gathered together a small amount of money and recorded 15 songs on a tape named \\\"Take up Your Cross\\\" under their new name, The Crucified, and distributed the demo throughout their local area and via mail order. \\\"Nailed\\\", the band's second demo, was recorded the following year and the band's exposure continued to grow. Shortly after \\\"Nailed\\\" was recorded, the band members graduated from high school and Palmer left the group and was replaced by Mark Johnson. The band recorded \\\"Live at the New Order\\\" in March 1989. Greg Sostrom saw The Crucified at a few shows and\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164126\",\n \"text\": \"sounded juvenile and changed it to The Crucified. The name came from Chaffin thinking of random names that would fit a Christian band. The Crucified added the Bible verse to the name whenever they wrote it. \\\"For I have been crucified with Christ, therefore I no longer live, but Christ lives in me.\\\" After almost a year of writing and practicing in the Palmer's living room, the guys recorded 10 songs on a demo tape under the name K.G.B., but it was never circulated. Soon after, Kirk Palmer left the band and was replaced by his brother Trevor. In 1986,\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4723412\",\n \"text\": \"this case the apostle is simply holding what appears to be a book. Such examples would typically be in electroplated nickel silver and marked on the rear face with \\\"EPNS.\\\" The identity of the Apostle can be known by the attribute mentioned in the following list: Sources: Apostle spoon An apostle spoon is a spoon (usually silver or silver-plated, but sometimes of other metals, such as pewter) with an image of an apostle or other saint as the termination of the handle, each bearing his distinctive emblem. Apostle spoons were particularly popular in Pre-Reformation times when belief in the services\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle spoon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6004304\",\n \"text\": \"a few days later. In April 2017 Nicki, Ida and Klara announced their new band The Heard on Facebook. In November 2006, they supported Motörhead along with Clutch. They played at the heavy metal festival Sweden Rock in June, 2006 and again in 2009, with bands such as Heaven & Hell, In Flames and Dream Theater. In 2010 they played at Wacken Open Air. In 2013 they played at Graspop Metal Meeting and Metalfest in Czech Republic. In 2015, Crucified Barbara joined Girlschool on the North America 'Guilty As Sin' tour. Crucified Barbara Crucified Barbara was an all-female Swedish hard\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Barbara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164124\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified The Crucified is an American Christian hardcore and crossover thrash band from Fresno, California that formed in 1984. Its lineup is vocalist Mark Salomon, guitarist Greg Minier, bassist Jeff Bellew, and drummer Jim Chaffin. The Crucified released two studio albums and three demos. They toured California for the majority of their career and appeared at the Cornerstone Festival outside of Chicago several times. The band broke up in 1993 due to personal differences, but reunited in 2009. In late 1984, drummer Jim Chaffin, guitarist Greg Minier, bassist Kirk Palmer, and vocalist Wayne Stonecipher started a band named K.G.B.\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8905515\",\n \"text\": \"1955 Cannes Film Festival, \\\"The Crucified Lovers\\\" was one of several of his late-career films (i.e. \\\"Life of Oharu\\\", \\\"Ugetsu\\\", \\\"Sansho the Bailiff\\\") that brought Mizoguchi to the attention of non-Japanese audiences. Photographed by Kazuo Miyagawa (\\\"Rashomon,\\\" \\\"Floating Weeds,\\\" \\\"Tokyo Olympiad\\\"), \\\"The Crucified Lovers\\\" features Mizoguchi's sequence shot aesthetic, recalling Japanese woodcuts and scroll paintings. The Crucified Lovers Ishun (Shindo) is a wealthy but miserly scroll-maker in Kyoto, especially regarding his younger wife Osan (\\\"Kagawa\\\"), who was from an impoverished family, and married Ishun for money. When Osan's brother asks for a loan, he is refused. Osan then seeks help\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Lovers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20069414\",\n \"text\": \"Crucified Boy \\\"Crucified Boy\\\" (, Raspyaty malchik) was the news episode that was officially titled \\\"\\\"A refugee from Sloviansk recalls how a little son and a wife of a militiaman were executed in front of her\\\"\\\" and was shown on the state-owned Channel One Russia during the War in Donbass, on July 12, 2014. It contained information about an unconfirmed (or faked) case of the public crucifixion of a three-year-old boy by Ukrainian soldiers at the Lenin Square in Sloviansk. This episode was later widely used as an example of \\\"disinformation\\\" or \\\"lies\\\", that \\\"became the standard\\\" for modern mass\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Boy\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14598714\",\n \"text\": \"of the manner the martyr died crucified on an X-shaped cross. The butterfly shaped floor plan emanates from this cruciform. Many other symbolic features mark the tent-like structure, including the giant chandelier over the altar which serves as a halo over the copper cross by National Artist for Visual Art, Vicente Manansala. The proposal of St. Andrew the Apostle Parish began in 1965 when a group of residents belonging to the villages of San Miguel and Bel-Air dreamed of having a parish that they could call their own. The community did not have to wait long. Don Andres Soriano Jr.\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Andrew the Apostle Church\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603102\",\n \"text\": \"him.\\\" Some accounts erroneously name the soldier identified in Overton's documentary as \\\"Harry Banks\\\", thus creating an apparent contradiction in that the only Canadian soldier of that name enlisted in the Overseas Expeditionary Force on 1 September 1915 in Victoria, British Columbia, some five months after the supposed crucifixion. The Crucified Soldier The Crucified Soldier refers to the widespread atrocity propaganda story of an Allied soldier serving in the Canadian Corps who may have been crucified with bayonets on a barn door or a tree, while fighting on the Western Front during World War I. Three witnesses said they saw\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4929361\",\n \"text\": \"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors; Or, Christianity Before Christ, Containing New, Startling, and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament, and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of 16 Heathen Crucified Gods is an 1875 book written by American freethinker Kersey Graves, which asserts that Jesus was not an actual person, but was a creation largely based on earlier stories of deities or god-men saviours who had been crucified and descended\",\n \"title\": \"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603096\",\n \"text\": \"in the Ypres sector, was the favoured setting. The victim was not always Canadian: Ian Hay, who dated the incident to spring 1915, maintained that the victim was British, and that he was crucified on a tree by German cavalrymen. A version which appeared in the Los Angeles newspapers kept the Canadian nationality, but made it two soldiers. A Canadian soldier who allegedly helped take down the soldier's body suggested the crucified soldier appeared to be a sergeant from the medical service and was possibly from Brantford, and at some point the victim was identified as Sergeant Thomas Elliott, of\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603097\",\n \"text\": \"Brantford. Elliott himself later wrote to his local pastor to report that it had not been him. According to Private George Barrie of the 13th Battalion, he saw a party of Germans in the village of St. Julien on 24 April 1915, which had been in the rear of the 1st Canadian Division until a gas attack on 22 April, when it became the front line. Barrie reported that he saw what appeared to be a man in British uniform who had been crucified to a post by eight bayonets. In 1918 British artist Francis Derwent Wood created a bronze\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603098\",\n \"text\": \"sculpture entitled \\\"Canada's Golgotha\\\" which depicted a Canadian soldier crucified on a barn door and surrounded by jeering Germans. It was to be included in the exhibition of the Canadian War Memorial Fund collection, and was widely publicized before the exhibition opened. The exhibition, at Burlington House, London, was due to open in January 1919, just before the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty and Canadian Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden requested further investigation into the veracity of the story, while the German government formally requested that the Canadian government publicly acknowledge that the story of the crucified soldier was\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5152707\",\n \"text\": \"is what the Bible itself promotes. The following are other views on chief apostles and the religions that therefore must flow out of those beliefs. One system in common use today is used by Messianic apostles who believe James \\\"the Just\\\" was Chief Apostle, in Jerusalem, following Jesus (they use the Hebrew form of his name, Y'shua, in various spellings) return to his Father in Heaven. A similar system is used by Catholic churches worldwide, varying from Roman Catholics, to Anglican Catholics, to Coptic, Russian etc. Each with a differing view on who is, or was, a Chief Apostle originally,\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603101\",\n \"text\": \"a letter to her that her suspicions that her brother had been \\\"the crucified soldier\\\" were true. Band's body was never recovered, and he is commemorated on the Menin Gate memorial. The evidence discovered by Overton included a typewritten note by a British nurse found in the Liddle Collection of war correspondence in Leeds University. The note related comments by a Lance Corporal C.M. Brown to his nurse, Miss Ursula Violet Chaloner, whom he told of a Sergeant Harry Band who was \\\"crucified after a battle of Ypres on one of the doors of a barn with five bayonets in\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603100\",\n \"text\": \"the story of the Crucified Soldier as well as other myths of World War I in his doctoral dissertation and developed them into a television documentary, which was transmitted in 2002 as part of UK Channel 4's \\\"Secret History\\\" series. Overton uncovered new historical evidence which identified the crucified soldier as Sergeant Harry Band of the Central Ontario Regiment of the Canadian Infantry, who was reported missing in action on 24 April 1915 near Ypres. Other soldiers in his unit wrote to Band's sister Elizabeth Petrie to express their condolences, and a year later, one of them finally confirmed in\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14731298\",\n \"text\": \"painting, it fell out of fashion in the 20th century, when critics preferred to see Goya as a Romantic painter with little or no Catholic faith who paid scant attention to academic or religious painting. However, postmodernism has assessed Goya and his work as a whole, in all its facets, and has taken into account that this is a work in which Goya was still striving for professional prestige. Christ Crucified (Goya) Christ Crucified (Cristo crucificado) is a 1780 painting of the Crucifixion of Jesus by Francisco de Goya. He presented it to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de\",\n \"title\": \"Christ Crucified (Goya)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603090\",\n \"text\": \"identity of the supposedly crucified soldier. During World War II the story was used by the Nazis as an example of British propaganda. On 10 May 1915, \\\"The Times\\\" printed a short item titled \\\"Torture of a Canadian Officer\\\" as coming from its Paris correspondent. According to the piece, Canadian soldiers wounded at Ypres had told how one of their officers had been crucified to a wall \\\"by bayonets thrust through his hands and feet\\\" before having another bayonet driven through his throat and, finally, \\\"riddled with bullets\\\". The soldiers said that it had been seen by the Royal Dublin\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4929368\",\n \"text\": \"the crucifixion and resurrection of Sumerian goddess Inanna (also known as Ishtar), neither of whom are mentioned by Graves. The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors; Or, Christianity Before Christ, Containing New, Startling, and Extraordinary Revelations in Religious History, which Disclose the Oriental Origin of All the Doctrines, Principles, Precepts, and Miracles of the Christian New Testament, and Furnishing a Key for Unlocking Many of Its Sacred Mysteries, Besides Comprising the History of 16 Heathen Crucified Gods is an 1875 book written by American freethinker Kersey Graves, which asserts that Jesus was not an actual person, but\",\n \"title\": \"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20024736\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters) \\\"The Crucified Christ\\\" (MA 2005.274) is a sculpture in walrus ivory, probably from Paris c 1300, now in The Cloisters, New York. It is lined with traces of paint and gilding. Although small in scale, it is structured in a monumental style. It shows the dead and crucified body of Christ; in the 12th century the dead Christ was widely seen as representing human suffering. This work is noted for its high quality craftsmanship, and the subtle and sensitive rendering of the torso. The stunted legs are a notable and somewhat inexplicable feature. The sculpture\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20024734\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters) \\\"The Crucified Christ\\\" (MA 2005.274) is a sculpture in walrus ivory, probably from Paris c 1300, now in The Cloisters, New York. It is lined with traces of paint and gilding. Although small in scale, it is structured in a monumental style. It shows the dead and crucified body of Christ; in the 12th century the dead Christ was widely seen as representing human suffering. This work is noted for its high quality craftsmanship, and the subtle and sensitive rendering of the torso. The stunted legs are a notable and somewhat inexplicable feature. The sculpture\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Christ (The Cloisters)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3464995\",\n \"text\": \"to bring Christianity to Armenia, and are therefore venerated as the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Linked to this tradition is the Saint Thaddeus Monastery (now in northern Iran) and Saint Bartholomew Monastery (now in southeastern Turkey) which were both constructed in what was then Armenia. Tradition holds that Jude the Apostle was vegetarian. According to tradition, Saint Jude suffered martyrdom about 65 AD in Beirut, in the Roman province of Syria, together with the apostle Simon the Zealot, with whom he is usually connected. The axe that he is often shown holding in pictures symbolizes the way\",\n \"title\": \"Jude the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14731294\",\n \"text\": \"Christ Crucified (Goya) Christ Crucified (Cristo crucificado) is a 1780 painting of the Crucifixion of Jesus by Francisco de Goya. He presented it to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando as his entry work as an academician. It now forms part of the permanent collection of the Prado Museum. The painting is neoclassical in style, though rooted in traditional Spanish iconography of the subject and related to the treatment of the same topic by Velázquez (even borrowing its dark black background with no landscape) and Anton Raphael Mengs (borrowing his presentation of the right leg pushed forwards).\",\n \"title\": \"Christ Crucified (Goya)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12998047\",\n \"text\": \"painting have inspired much religious writing, notably the poem \\\"El Cristo de Velázquez\\\" by the Spanish writer and philosopher [[Miguel de Unamuno]]. [[Category:1632 paintings]] [[Category:Velazquez paintings in the Museo del Prado]] [[Category:Religious paintings by Velazquez]] [[Category:Crucifixion of Jesus in art]] Christ Crucified (Velázquez) Christ Crucified is a 1632 painting by Diego Velázquez depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus. The work, painted in oil on canvas, measures 249 × 170 cm and is owned by the Museo del Prado. During his stay in Rome, Velázquez made various nude studies he used in later paintings, such as \\\"Apollo at the Forge of Vulcan\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Christ Crucified (Velázquez)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12998043\",\n \"text\": \"Christ Crucified (Velázquez) Christ Crucified is a 1632 painting by Diego Velázquez depicting the Crucifixion of Jesus. The work, painted in oil on canvas, measures 249 × 170 cm and is owned by the Museo del Prado. During his stay in Rome, Velázquez made various nude studies he used in later paintings, such as \\\"Apollo at the Forge of Vulcan\\\" (1630) and \\\"Joseph's Tunic\\\" (1630). Art critics assert that the nude study for this painting is exceptional and masterly in its fusion of serenity, dignity and nobility. It is a life-size frontal nude, without the support of a narrative scene.\",\n \"title\": \"Christ Crucified (Velázquez)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11549087\",\n \"text\": \"new version of the song, simply called 'Crucified 2013'. It contains new vocals from Dominika Peczynski. The Swedish heavy metal band Ghost covered the song on their 2013 EP 'If You Have Ghost'. Cassette single CD single 7\\\" single 12\\\" maxi-single CD single (UK re-issue) CD maxi (U.S.) 12\\\" maxi (UK Re-issue) In 2013, Swedish heavy metal band Ghost covered the song for their EP \\\"If You Have Ghost\\\". Crucified (Army of Lovers song) \\\"Crucified\\\" is a 1991 song recorded by the Swedish band Army of Lovers. It is the first single from their second album \\\"Massive Luxury Overdose\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"426917\",\n \"text\": \"present-day India. According to tradition, Thomas reached Muziris, (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor in the state of Kerala, India) in AD 50 and baptized several people, founding what today are known as Saint Thomas Christians or Mar Thoma Nazranis. After his death, the reputed relics of Saint Thomas the Apostle were enshrined as far as Mesopotamia in the 3rd century, and later moved to various places. In 1258, some of the relics were brought to Abruzzo in Ortona, Italy, where they have been held in the Church of Saint Thomas the Apostle. He is often regarded as the Patron Saint\",\n \"title\": \"Thomas the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4723409\",\n \"text\": \"Apostle spoon An apostle spoon is a spoon (usually silver or silver-plated, but sometimes of other metals, such as pewter) with an image of an apostle or other saint as the termination of the handle, each bearing his distinctive emblem. Apostle spoons were particularly popular in Pre-Reformation times when belief in the services of a patron saint was still strong. They symbolize the Last Supper of Christ in the company of the Apostles. Apostle spoons were especially popular in England, but were also found in large numbers in Germany. Originating in early-fifteenth century in Europe as spoons used at table\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle spoon\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4929363\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Carrier found the book to be incomplete, he appreciated some of its points. Graves, often citing \\\"Anacalypsis\\\" and other works by Godfrey Higgins (1772–1833) as his source, asserts in the book that many messiah-like \\\"saviors\\\" were crucified on a cross or tree before ascending into heaven. \\\"One thing is clear — the mythos of the Hindus, the mythos of the Jews and the mythos of the Greeks are all at bottom the same; and what are called their early histories are not histories of humankind, but are contrivances under the appearance of histories to perpetuate doctrines.\\\" (Higgins, \\\"Anacalypsis\\\") Here\",\n \"title\": \"The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11549084\",\n \"text\": \"Crucified (Army of Lovers song) \\\"Crucified\\\" is a 1991 song recorded by the Swedish band Army of Lovers. It is the first single from their second album \\\"Massive Luxury Overdose\\\" and the seventh single to be released by the band. It was released from May 1991 (in Sweden) to February 1992 (in France). A re-edition that features on \\\"Massive Luxury Overdose (US Version)\\\" was made in 1992. It was recorded by Jean-Pierre Barda (vocals, drums), Alexander Bard (vocals, computer) and La Camilla (vocals, bass) who also feature in the videoclip. The two remixes available on the CD maxi and vinyl\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16959999\",\n \"text\": \"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified The Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified are a congregation of contemplative Benedictine Religious Sisters which was founded in France in 1930. Their particular gift has been to make monastic life possible for women who might not normally be admitted to a monastery due to their state of health or their having a physical disability by all candidates deemed capable of living a monastic life regardless of their physical condition. For this they follow the Rule of St. Benedict with certain adaptations to make this possible. The Abbé Maurice Gaucheron (died 29 March 1951) was a\",\n \"title\": \"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11549085\",\n \"text\": \"12\\\" maxi are made by Nuzak. Kurt Cobain of the hugely successful alternative rock group Nirvana praised the band in his posthumously published journals, but specifically the song \\\"Crucified.\\\" The song was successful in several European countries, including Germany, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland, where it reached the top 10. It reached the #1 in Belgium. In the United States, \\\"Crucified\\\" became a huge club hit and radio favorite, debuting at #6 in the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Dance singles chart and spending a total of 14 weeks in the Top-20. The song was played in Gabriel Aghion's 1996 film, \\\"Pédale douce\\\", and\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified (Army of Lovers song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1564975\",\n \"text\": \"Coley \\\"Forced Exposure\\\" #18 Twelfth Apostle Twelfth Apostle is the 22nd album by Jandek. After the crazed purging of \\\"The Electric End,\\\" the sidelong piece that ended \\\"Lost Cause\\\", many thought Jandek was finished. But the \\\"Twelfth Apostle\\\" appeared in 1993, marking a return to straight acoustic and vocals. It was released as Corwood #0760. \\\"Twelfth Apostle\\\" carries a lot of baggage, being as it marked both the start of the \\\"second acoustic phase\\\" and the last vinyl LP to be released by Corwood Industries. Because of the latter fact, it was only available a short time when first released\",\n \"title\": \"Twelfth Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1564971\",\n \"text\": \"Twelfth Apostle Twelfth Apostle is the 22nd album by Jandek. After the crazed purging of \\\"The Electric End,\\\" the sidelong piece that ended \\\"Lost Cause\\\", many thought Jandek was finished. But the \\\"Twelfth Apostle\\\" appeared in 1993, marking a return to straight acoustic and vocals. It was released as Corwood #0760. \\\"Twelfth Apostle\\\" carries a lot of baggage, being as it marked both the start of the \\\"second acoustic phase\\\" and the last vinyl LP to be released by Corwood Industries. Because of the latter fact, it was only available a short time when first released - not long after\",\n \"title\": \"Twelfth Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16960004\",\n \"text\": \"2012 the congregation has four monasteries. The number of monasteries in France has been reduced to two: the motherhouse in Brou-sur-Chantereine, and another in Saint-James, a village in Normandy. The two American communities were merged in 2001 into a new monastery in Branford, Connecticut. The monastery in Japan continues. Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified The Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified are a congregation of contemplative Benedictine Religious Sisters which was founded in France in 1930. Their particular gift has been to make monastic life possible for women who might not normally be admitted to a monastery due to their state\",\n \"title\": \"Benedictine Sisters of Jesus Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577212\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew as bound, not nailed, to a Latin cross of the kind on which Jesus is said to have been crucified; yet a tradition developed that Andrew had been crucified on a cross of the form called \\\"crux decussata\\\" (X-shaped cross, or \\\"saltire\\\"), now commonly known as a \\\"Saint Andrew's Cross\\\" — supposedly at his own request, as he deemed himself unworthy to be crucified on the same type of cross as Jesus had been. The iconography of the martyrdom of Andrew — showing him bound to an X-shaped cross — does not appear to have been standardized until the\",\n \"title\": \"Andrew the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6004302\",\n \"text\": \"Swedish music charts. The video to accompany it was recorded and produced by M Industries. The album was released in Sweden on 19 January and is available outside Sweden in several countries including the U.K, the U.S.A, France, Germany, and Benelux. In 2006, they contributed two songs, \\\"Killed by Death\\\" and \\\"Please Don't Touch\\\", to \\\"St. Valentines Day Massacre\\\", a tribute album to Motörhead. Crucified Barbara's second album, \\\"Til Death Do Us Party\\\", was released in Scandinavia on 11 February 2009 and in the rest of Europe on 27 February. It was produced in part by Mats Levén (known for\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Barbara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164128\",\n \"text\": \"offered them a recording contract with his new start-up label, Narrowpath Records. The band accepted the offer and started to record songs at Casbah Studios in Southern California. The 15-track album was titled \\\"The Crucified\\\". It was released in compact disc format, which was a new format in the late 1980s. After the album's release, the band started to tour around California, including appearances at the Cornerstone Festival as well as opening for D.R.I., G.B.H., and Pantera. Johnson was fired from the band due to personal differences and the guys started looking for a new bassist. Chaffin responded to an\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13816332\",\n \"text\": \"learn in silence in all submissiveness. I permit no woman to teach or have authority over men; she is to keep silent.\\\" She believes the letters to the Colossians and to the Ephesians, which order women to \\\"be subject in everything to their husbands\\\", do not express what she says were Paul's very favorable attitudes toward women, but also were \\\"pseudo-Pauline\\\" forgeries. Paul the Apostle and women The relationship between Paul the Apostle and Women is an important element in the theological debate about Christianity and women because Paul was the first writer to give ecclesiastical directives about the role\",\n \"title\": \"Paul the Apostle and women\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6004303\",\n \"text\": \"producing albums by Yngwie Malmsteen, Krux, and Therion, among other bands within that genre. Mats also sang vocals on the song \\\"Jennyfer\\\". In November 2009, Crucified Barbara went out on a six weeks European tour to promote the new album \\\"Til Death Do Us Party\\\". They played in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Czech Republic and Sweden. A documentary film was made about the tour by film-maker Mats Lundberg from Doom Films. The documentary was released in 2010. The band announced their split in June 2016. Mia announced her solo project under her new name Mia Karlsson\",\n \"title\": \"Crucified Barbara\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5164129\",\n \"text\": \"ad in a newspaper posted by Jeff Bellew, citing The Crucified as an influence. Bellew joined the band and drove for four hours from his home in So Cal to Fresno every weekend to practice. Eventually the drive became too costly, and he moved to Fresno to practice with the band. After recruiting Bellew, the band started to write and record for their second studio album, \\\"The Pillars of Humanity\\\". When the album was released 1991 on Narrowpath Records the band did not tour very much for the album. In 1992 the band was broken up, but 1993 is when\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413541\",\n \"text\": \"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413536\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577032\",\n \"text\": \"doctrine of apostolic succession, held by many branches of Christianity; and in the Four Marks of the Church (\\\"one, holy, catholic, and apostolic\\\") found in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed. The term \\\"apostle\\\" is derived from Classical Greek ἀπόστολος (\\\"apóstolos\\\"), meaning \\\"one who is sent off\\\", from στέλλειν (\\\"stellein\\\"), \\\"to send\\\" + από (\\\"apó\\\"), \\\"off, away from\\\". The literal meaning in English is therefore an \\\"emissary\\\" (from the Latin \\\"mittere\\\", \\\"to send\\\", and \\\"ex\\\", \\\"from, out, off\\\". The word \\\"apostle\\\" has two meanings, the broader meaning of a messenger and the narrower meaning of an early Christian apostle directly linked to Jesus.\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16458340\",\n \"text\": \"Apostle\\\" has been mixed to positive, with Publishers Weekly calling the book \\\"less than convincing\\\". Booklist wrote that one of the subplots \\\"seems to be from a completely different book distracts a bit, but the main story line will keep fans of action-driven thrillers reading.\\\" BookReporter.com praised \\\"The Apostle\\\", citing that \\\"Thor continues to top himself with each successive novel and reaches new and even more exciting heights with THE APOSTLE.\\\" The Apostle (novel) The Apostle is a spy thriller novel written by New York Times Bestselling author Brad Thor. \\\"The Apostle\\\" is the eighth book in the Scot Harvath\",\n \"title\": \"The Apostle (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372892\",\n \"text\": \"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372888\",\n \"text\": \"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372889\",\n \"text\": \"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \\\"What It Was...\\\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \\\"\\\"Deacon\\\" Andy Griffith.\\\" Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \\\"What It Was, Was Football\\\" was printed in \\\"Mad\\\" magazine in 1958,\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3952789\",\n \"text\": \"Apostle Islands The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior, off the Bayfield Peninsula in northern Wisconsin. The majority of the islands are located in Ashland County—only Sand, York, Eagle, and Raspberry Islands are located in Bayfield County. All the islands except for Madeline Island are part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. The islands in Ashland County are all in the Town of La Pointe, except for Long Island, which is in the Town of Sanborn, while those in Bayfield County are in the Towns of Russell and Bayfield. \\\"The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore provides\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2286758\",\n \"text\": \"of the Twelve is sustained by name. Usually, the president of the church ordains a new apostle, although any other apostle may ordain a person to the priesthood office. If the president of the church is unable due to infirmity to ordain a new apostle, the ordination is usually performed by an apostle who is a member of the First Presidency or by the president of the Quorum of the Twelve. The \\\"Bible Dictionary\\\" of the LDS Church defines apostle as meaning \\\"one sent forth\\\" and elaborates as follows: [Apostle] was the title Jesus gave () to the twelve whom\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle (Latter Day Saints)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10650487\",\n \"text\": \"What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \\\"What Happened Was...\\\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \\\"Siskel & Ebert\\\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \\\"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1564972\",\n \"text\": \"the first Corwood CDs came out, all vinyl was removed from the catalog with Corwood saying \\\"vinyl LPs no longer available.\\\" This seems to coincide both with a major flood in Houston and a period of time when customers received \\\"wet\\\" CDs, so the theory is that a flood may have destroyed Corwood's remaining vinyl inventory, but that has not been confirmed. Another interesting aspect is the title. The \\\"twelfth apostle\\\" of Jesus Christ was Judas, the traitor. What all this means (and there have been many speculations) is impossible to know, but the title track definitely references religious imagery.\",\n \"title\": \"Twelfth Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"327817\",\n \"text\": \"his worthiness to become an apostle. Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew\",\n \"title\": \"Paul the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16458339\",\n \"text\": \"The Apostle (novel) The Apostle is a spy thriller novel written by New York Times Bestselling author Brad Thor. \\\"The Apostle\\\" is the eighth book in the Scot Harvath series. \\\"The Apostle\\\" follows the character of Scot Harvath as he is sent on a top secret assignment for the United States government to rescue Julia Gallo, a kidnapped American doctor. For her to be released, the ransom is the freeing of al-Qaeda member Mustafa Khan from Policharki Prison. Once there, Harvath discovers that this was not a simple kidnapping and that nothing is as it seems. Critical reception for \\\"The\",\n \"title\": \"The Apostle (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5152711\",\n \"text\": \"Europe, South-Africa) gathered in 1956 to form the United Apostolic Church. Chief Apostle The Chief Apostle is the highest minister in the New Apostolic Church, and has existed since 1896. The term \\\"Chief Apostle\\\" was first used officially to describe Jesus Christ in the New Covenant Scriptures, Book of Hebrews, Chapter 3, verse 1, where he is also called the High Priest. As far as the controversies regarding which of the remaining 11, then 12 and then more apostles after that which includes then Saul, later called Paul, Scripture itself does not say. It may very well have been that\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5152706\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Apostle The Chief Apostle is the highest minister in the New Apostolic Church, and has existed since 1896. The term \\\"Chief Apostle\\\" was first used officially to describe Jesus Christ in the New Covenant Scriptures, Book of Hebrews, Chapter 3, verse 1, where he is also called the High Priest. As far as the controversies regarding which of the remaining 11, then 12 and then more apostles after that which includes then Saul, later called Paul, Scripture itself does not say. It may very well have been that they continued to follow the Messiah as their head. Indeed, that\",\n \"title\": \"Chief Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15609716\",\n \"text\": \"Enina Apostle The Enina Apostle or Enina Apostolos (scholarly abbreviation Enin) is an 11th-century Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic manuscript. Discovered in a poor condition in 1960 during restoration work in the central Bulgarian village of Enina, the partially preserved parchment manuscript is housed in the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library in Sofia. It is the oldest Cyrillic manuscript currently held by any Bulgarian collection. The Enina Apostle was discovered in 1960 during the restoration of the old Church of Saint Paraskeva in the village of Enina. The village lies in south central Bulgaria, north of Kazanlăk, and is administratively\",\n \"title\": \"Enina Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7190724\",\n \"text\": \"lighthouses of the Apostle Islands in 2013. Apostle Islands Lighthouses There are several historic lighthouses on Lake Superior on or near the Apostle Islands in Wisconsin. Six of these lighthouses, all in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, were listed as a group on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 under the name Apostle Islands Lighthouses. The lighthouses are generally located at the edge of the group of islands, as beacons to guide shipping through and around the islands. The need for guidance increased in 1855 when the Soo Locks opened, connecting Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle Islands Lighthouses\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18661239\",\n \"text\": \"before its album was released in 2014, was first played in January 2012 at Slamdance Film Festival. As the title suggests, the song refers to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the death of Osama bin Laden in 2011. The lyrics also refer to executions of Benito Mussolini and his mistress Claretta \\\"Clara\\\" Petacci, as well as the public display of their corpses in Piazzale Loreto, in 1945. Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ \\\"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\\\" is a single from Against Me!, released on 7\\\" coloured vinyl on April 18, 2015, on Total Treble\",\n \"title\": \"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10840910\",\n \"text\": \"What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \\\"What I Was\\\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18660880\",\n \"text\": \"how we choose to tell stories.\\\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18660879\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11413537\",\n \"text\": \"by night — crowded with shoppers during the day, but empty and bleak at night. She found ideas for her book from her job in the Merry Hill Shopping Centre near Dudley in the West Midlands. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" was rejected by 20 agents and publishers before being accepted for publication by Tindal Street Press, a small Birmingham publisher. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is a mystery story about a missing girl. It is also a portrait of a changing community over twenty years. It examines modern life's emptiness, and society's obsession with shopping. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" is set in the city\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19421270\",\n \"text\": \"Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19421268\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \\\"What Was Said\\\" 4 stars and stated \\\"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\\\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \\\"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Said\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18661238\",\n \"text\": \"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ \\\"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\\\" is a single from Against Me!, released on 7\\\" coloured vinyl on April 18, 2015, on Total Treble Music, as a limited edition for Record Store Day 2015. The track, which originally appeared on the 2014 album \\\"Transgender Dysphoria Blues\\\", appears in two versions: a live version, from \\\"23 Live Sex Acts\\\", and an exclusive alternate version referred to as the \\\"extra dysphoric version\\\" performed solely by frontwoman Laura Jane Grace. The single was released as a limited-edition 7\\\" single for Record Store Day. The song,\",\n \"title\": \"Osama bin Laden as the Crucified Christ\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"505942\",\n \"text\": \"John the Apostle John the Apostle ( ; ; Koine Greek: Ἰωάννης; ; Latin: \\\"Ioannes\\\"; ) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and Salome or Joanna. His brother was James, who was another of the Twelve Apostles. The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and that he was the only one to die of natural\",\n \"title\": \"John the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603093\",\n \"text\": \"had not heard that the crucifixion had been witnessed by any Allied forces and commented that there was room to suppose that the man had been dead when he was crucified. On 19 May, Sir Robert Houston returned to the subject in the House of Commons, asking Harold Tennant: Tennant replied that the military authorities in France had standing instructions to send details of any authenticated atrocities committed against British troops, and that no official information had been received. He added that inquiries were being made, and were not yet complete. Colonel Ernest J. Chambers, the Canadian chief censor, began\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11603092\",\n \"text\": \"who were eyewitnesses of the incidents had made affidavits, and whether the officer in command at Boulogne had not called the attention of the War Office to them. It was then stated that inquiries would be made. On 15 May, \\\"The Times\\\" published a letter from a member of the army, according to which the crucified soldier was in fact a sergeant, and he had been found transfixed to the wooden fence of a farm building. The letter added that he had been repeatedly stabbed with bayonets and that there were many puncture wounds in his body. The unidentified correspondent\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Soldier\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12386017\",\n \"text\": \"Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church The ) is an Orthodox Church in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is dedicated to St. John the Apostle. The original structure was built in 1880. It is the oldest wooden church building among existing wooden churches in Japan. After the establishment of the Japanese Orthodox Church by Ivan Dmitrievich Kasatkin (1836-1912), later St. Nicholas of Japan, in Kanda, Tokyo in the early Meiji period, he gathered a number of disciples, some of whom were from the Oshika District in what s now part of\",\n \"title\": \"Ishinomaki Saint John the Apostle Orthodox Church\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577041\",\n \"text\": \"world. To Bahá'ís, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the Báb's Letters of the Living. Apostle An apostle (), in its most literal sense, is an emissary, from Greek ἀπόστολος (\\\"apóstolos\\\"), literally \\\"one who is sent off\\\", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (\\\"apostéllein\\\"), \\\"to send off\\\". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus \\\"messenger\\\" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include \\\"ambassador\\\" and \\\"envoy\\\". The term derives from the Greek of the New Testament and was used for Jesus's original Twelve\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"743020\",\n \"text\": \"to the texts, on king's command, the saint was killed by beheading. It is also argued that the saint was removed of the skin alive and hanged upside down. He is believed to have been killed there on August 24. He was only 50 years old. Along with his fellow apostle Jude \\\"Thaddeus\\\", Bartholomew is reputed to have brought Christianity to Armenia in the 1st century. Thus, both saints are considered the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church. One tradition has it that Apostle Bartholomew was executed in Albanopolis in Armenia. According to popular hagiography, the apostle was flayed\",\n \"title\": \"Bartholomew the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"505970\",\n \"text\": \"Saint John continued to be made; a case in point is an etching by Jacques Bellange, shown to the right, described by art critic Richard Dorment as depicting 'a softly androgynous creature with a corona of frizzy hair, small breasts like a teenage girl, and the round belly of a mature woman.' John the Apostle John the Apostle ( ; ; Koine Greek: Ἰωάννης; ; Latin: \\\"Ioannes\\\"; ) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament, which refers to him as Ἰωάννης. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebedee and\",\n \"title\": \"John the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1752122\",\n \"text\": \"at Heraclea). This See would later develop into the Patriarchate of Constantinople, having Apostle Andrew as its Patron Saint. It was not clear if Stachys was the same person whom Paul calls \\\"dear\\\" in the \\\"Epistle to the Romans\\\" (Rom. 16:9). His feast day is on October 31. Stachys the Apostle Stachys the Apostle (Greek: Στάχυς \\\"ear-spike\\\"), (? – 54), was the second bishop of Byzantium, from AD 38 to AD 54. He seemed to be closely connected to Saint Andrew and Saint Paul. Eusebius quotes Origen as saying that Andrew had preached in Asia Minor and in Scythia, along\",\n \"title\": \"Stachys the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7190722\",\n \"text\": \"Apostle Islands Lighthouses There are several historic lighthouses on Lake Superior on or near the Apostle Islands in Wisconsin. Six of these lighthouses, all in the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, were listed as a group on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 under the name Apostle Islands Lighthouses. The lighthouses are generally located at the edge of the group of islands, as beacons to guide shipping through and around the islands. The need for guidance increased in 1855 when the Soo Locks opened, connecting Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence Seaway to the east. Shipping also increased as\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle Islands Lighthouses\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3952797\",\n \"text\": \"and lumber capitalists continual and sometimes deadly efforts to completely remove the Ojibwe people, successfully securing permanent reserves of land including the mainland coastline nearest the Islands for the Red Cliff band, as well as entire reservations for other bands in the region. The islands were renamed the Apostle Islands by New France historian Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, who renamed them after the 12 apostles (for the 12 largest islands). All islands lie in the Town of La Pointe, in Ashland County, unless indicated otherwise. Apostle Islands The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior,\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle Islands\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19818789\",\n \"text\": \"Man\\\". \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\" stated that \\\"while climactic battles are violent, they never really thrill,\\\" concluding that \\\"fans of \\\"The Raid\\\" [Evans' previous film series] should look elsewhere for their thrills.\\\" Collider and \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" gave \\\"Apostle\\\" more favorable reviews with a B and B minus respectively. Apostle (film) Apostle is a 2018 British-American period horror film written and directed by Gareth Evans and starring Dan Stevens, Lucy Boynton, Mark Lewis Jones, Bill Milner, Kristine Froseth and Michael Sheen. It had its world premiere at Fantastic Fest in September 2018. The film began streaming on Netflix on October 12,\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8905508\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucified Lovers Ishun (Shindo) is a wealthy but miserly scroll-maker in Kyoto, especially regarding his younger wife Osan (\\\"Kagawa\\\"), who was from an impoverished family, and married Ishun for money. When Osan's brother asks for a loan, he is refused. Osan then seeks help from Mohei (Hasegawa), one of Ishun's top apprentices, who forges a receipt in an attempt at obtaining the money from Ishun, but is caught. Ishun threatens to summon the authorities, but a maid (Minamida) asks him to forgive the act, claiming that she had asked for the money. Ishun makes nightly sexual forays into the\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucified Lovers\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1305490\",\n \"text\": \"of Jesus. Philip the Apostle Philip the Apostle (; , \\\"Philippos\\\") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia. In the Roman Rite, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Less, was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the Gnostic codices discovered in the Nag Hammadi library in\",\n \"title\": \"Philip the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1305481\",\n \"text\": \"Philip the Apostle Philip the Apostle (; , \\\"Philippos\\\") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia. In the Roman Rite, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Less, was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the Gnostic codices discovered in the Nag Hammadi library in 1945 bears\",\n \"title\": \"Philip the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566917\",\n \"text\": \"wanted to spend time with the friends, Marceline gets embarrassed and chases Finn, Jake, BMO and Bubblegum from the Door Lord's abode. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was written and storyboarded by Rebecca Sugar and Adam Muto from a story developed by Mark Banker, Patrick McHale, Osborne, and series creator Pendleton Ward. The episode was directed by Larry Leichliter, with Cole Sanchez serving as creative director and Nick Jennings serving as art director. The original title for the episode was \\\"Door Jam\\\", but this was later changed because, according to Muto, the show tries to avoid pun-based titles. \\\"What Was Missing\\\" was\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"327735\",\n \"text\": \"Paul the Apostle Paul the Apostle (; ; ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (; ), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of Christ to the first-century world. Paul is generally considered one of the most important figures of the Apostolic Age and in the mid-30s to the mid-50s AD he founded several churches in Asia Minor and Europe. He took advantage of his status as both a Jew and a Roman citizen to minister\",\n \"title\": \"Paul the Apostle\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20824096\",\n \"text\": \"The Apostle Matthew The Apostle Matthew is a c.1618-1620 painting of Matthew the Apostle by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck. One of its inspirations was probably the series of paintings of the apostles he had seen in his master Rubens' studio around 1610, produced for the Duke of Lerma. The smooth brushwork is consistent with the painter's other works from first period in Antwerp. Around 1914 it and a series of other paintings were acquired from an Italian private collection by the Dutch art dealer Julius Böhler - together the paintings were known as \\\"the Böhler series\\\" after him,\",\n \"title\": \"The Apostle Matthew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566926\",\n \"text\": \"been able to officially make clear the relationship in the series itself. The episode was first physically released as part of the 2013 \\\"Fionna & Cake\\\" DVD, which included 16 episodes from the series' second, third, and fourth seasons. It was later re-released as part of the complete third season DVD in February 2014. In addition, the 2015 limited edition 12\\\" vinyl record release \\\"Marceline the Vampire Queen Rock the Nightosphere\\\" included \\\"I'm Just Your Problem\\\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10840914\",\n \"text\": \"the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa\",\n \"title\": \"What I Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16566912\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Missing \\\"What Was Missing\\\" is the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series \\\"Adventure Time\\\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Adam Muto and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Mark Banker, Kent Osborne, Patrick McHale, and series creator Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on September 26, 2011. The series follows the adventures of Finn (voiced by Jeremy Shada), a human boy, and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (voiced by John DiMaggio), a dog with magical powers to change shape and grow and shrink at will. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Was Missing\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20824097\",\n \"text\": \"though he sold them separately to various museums and private collections. In 2016 \\\"Matthew\\\" reappearted in the private collection of one Mrs Generet, along with a \\\"Self-Portrait\\\" by Jacob Jordaens. Both paintings were then donated to the Koning Boudewijnstichting, which put \\\"Matthew\\\" on long-term loan to the Rubenshuis in Antwerp as the only painting from Van Dyck's apostles series now in Belgium. The Apostle Matthew The Apostle Matthew is a c.1618-1620 painting of Matthew the Apostle by the Flemish artist Anthony van Dyck. One of its inspirations was probably the series of paintings of the apostles he had seen in\",\n \"title\": \"The Apostle Matthew\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10650488\",\n \"text\": \"stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\\\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \\\"Contrived\\\" and stating that \\\"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\\\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened Was\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11372891\",\n \"text\": \"from the \\\"Totally MAD\\\" CD-ROM collection of the magazine's run. In 1987, Andy Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Tonight Show\\\" promoting his series, \\\"Matlock,\\\" in which he acted out the attorney Benjamin Layton Matlock, one of whose heroes was, presumably, Erle Stanley Gardner's Perry Mason. During the interview, guest host Bill Cosby told Griffith that he had purchased Griffith's recording of \\\"What It Was, Was Football.\\\" Cosby then told Griffith that he had performed it at school and received an A for his grade, much to Griffith's surprise and delight. In 1997, the monologue was made into a short\",\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15577035\",\n \"text\": \"after his resurrection, to spread the message of the Gospel to all nations (). There is also a tradition in the Eastern Churches of \\\"Seventy Apostles\\\", derived from the seventy-two disciples mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. In the Latter Day Saint movement, an apostle is a \\\"special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others.\\\" In many Latter Day Saint churches, an apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. As of March 31st, 2018, the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church are: M. Russell\",\n \"title\": \"Apostle\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":298,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"299"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"What is the text of an opera called?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"5287078","text":"required. What Men Live By (opera) What Men Live By (\"Čím člověk žije\" in Czech) is an opera in one act by Bohuslav Martinů to an English libretto by the composer, based on \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\" (1885) by Leo Tolstoy, though he chose to use the more universal title of a different Tolstoy story \"What Men Live By\" (1886). It was composed in 1951-1952 when the composer was living in the U.S.A, and described by him as a 'pastoral-opera'. The opera was premiered as a television broadcast in New York in May 1953. The first staged","title":"What Men Live By (opera)"},{"docid":"5287075","text":"What Men Live By (opera) What Men Live By (\"Čím člověk žije\" in Czech) is an opera in one act by Bohuslav Martinů to an English libretto by the composer, based on \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\" (1885) by Leo Tolstoy, though he chose to use the more universal title of a different Tolstoy story \"What Men Live By\" (1886). It was composed in 1951-1952 when the composer was living in the U.S.A, and described by him as a 'pastoral-opera'. The opera was premiered as a television broadcast in New York in May 1953. The first staged performance","title":"What Men Live By (opera)"},{"docid":"10552018","text":"What Next? (opera) What Next? is the only opera by Elliott Carter. Paul Griffiths wrote the libretto to the one-act work in 1997/98 on a commission from Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. The opera premiered there on 16 September 1999 in a fully staged production conducted by Daniel Barenboim. As the percussionists replicate the sounds of a car crash the characters wake up and discover themselves lost. They are physically unhurt but have lost all memory of who they are and how they came to be together. Many theories arise from all the characters. Mama suggests that they were","title":"What Next? (opera)"},{"docid":"10552022","text":"Conductor/Mama/Rose/Stella/Kid/Zen/Harry\"): What Next? (opera) What Next? is the only opera by Elliott Carter. Paul Griffiths wrote the libretto to the one-act work in 1997/98 on a commission from Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. The opera premiered there on 16 September 1999 in a fully staged production conducted by Daniel Barenboim. As the percussionists replicate the sounds of a car crash the characters wake up and discover themselves lost. They are physically unhurt but have lost all memory of who they are and how they came to be together. Many theories arise from all the characters. Mama suggests that they","title":"What Next? (opera)"},{"docid":"20448189","text":"a highly skilful pasticheur, and Britten, Sondheim, and Bartok are among the more respectable sources of his inspiration here. What Dove must take full credit for is the creation of vocal lines which allow the text to communicate.\" A new production was undertaken by Hampstead Garden Opera in November 2017 which was rated \"hugely enjoyable\" by \"The Stage\". Notes Sources The Enchanted Pig (opera) The Enchanted Pig is a chamber opera with music by Jonathan Dove to a libretto by Alasdair Middleton. It is based on themes from traditional fairy tales, namely \"The Enchanted Pig\" and \"The Brown Bear of","title":"The Enchanted Pig (opera)"},{"docid":"9189921","text":"believes. The Crucible (opera) The Crucible is an English language opera written by Robert Ward based on the play \"The Crucible\" by Arthur Miller. It won both the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Music Critics Circle Citation. The libretto was lightly adapted from Miller's text by Bernard Stambler. Ward received a commission from the New York City Opera to write the opera. Arthur Miller was involved in selecting Ward. It is one of the most performed operas by an American composer. \"The Crucible\" premiered on 26 October 1961 at the New York City Opera (NYCO), with","title":"The Crucible (opera)"},{"docid":"9189917","text":"The Crucible (opera) The Crucible is an English language opera written by Robert Ward based on the play \"The Crucible\" by Arthur Miller. It won both the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Music Critics Circle Citation. The libretto was lightly adapted from Miller's text by Bernard Stambler. Ward received a commission from the New York City Opera to write the opera. Arthur Miller was involved in selecting Ward. It is one of the most performed operas by an American composer. \"The Crucible\" premiered on 26 October 1961 at the New York City Opera (NYCO), with Chester","title":"The Crucible (opera)"},{"docid":"20034436","text":"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses Harriet, the Woman Called Moses is an opera in two acts composed by Thea Musgrave who also wrote the libretto which is loosely based on episodes in the life of the American abolitionist and former slave Harriet Tubman. The opera premiered on 1 March 1985 in Norfolk, Virginia, performed by Virginia Opera with subsequent broadcasts of the Virginia Opera production on National Public Radio and BBC Radio 3. Musgrave later wrote two shortened versions of the opera—The Story of Harriet Tubman (premiered 1993) and Remembering Harriet (premiered 2006). \"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses\" is loosely","title":"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses"},{"docid":"10610239","text":"The Demon (opera) The Demon () is an opera in three acts (six scenes) by Russian composer Anton Rubinstein. The work was composed in 1871. The libretto was by Pavel Viskovatov, based on the poem of the same name by Mikhail Lermontov. Lermontov's poem was banned as sacrilegious until 1860. Its popularity and its lurid story made it an excellent candidate for an opera libretto, and Rubinstein himself worked out the scenario from which Viskovatov produced the final text. The opera was premiered at the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, on , conducted by Eduard Nápravník. The stage design was by","title":"The Demon (opera)"},{"docid":"18089542","text":"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish The Dybbuk: An Opera in Yiddish is an opera in three acts by American composer Solomon Epstein. The libretto was adapted by the composer from S. Ansky's 1914 play \"The Dybbuk\" and is apparently the world's first original Yiddish language opera. It was premiered and recorded at the Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater, Tel Aviv, and at Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, in May 1999. The opera was staged in a 70 minute abridged version using the composer's piano-vocal score. It has not yet been produced with a full orchestra. Yiddish, spoken mainly by","title":"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish"},{"docid":"7745509","text":"what is a kind of on-stage musical equivalent of the slow fade into a flashback, he tells the story while bits and pieces are sung by the other characters until we are firmly in the flashback. That was an interesting effect that worked well,\" The same reviewer comments: \"That is a good message but the response from most was so what. The connection between that and the love of God was not communicated.\" The End of the Affair (opera) The End of the Affair is a chamber opera with music by Jake Heggie and a libretto by Heggie, Heather McDonald","title":"The End of the Affair (opera)"},{"docid":"4237926","text":"is our life? A game!\") a quote from Act 3 of the opera, became a proverb in Russian. \"What? Where? When?\", a trivia game and one of the most popular TV-shows in Russia and former Soviet countries, starts with a musical quotation from the opera, Herman singing the phrase \"Life is but a game.\" The Queen of Spades (opera) The Queen of Spades, Op. 68 (, \"Pikovaya dama\", ) is an opera in 3 acts (7 scenes) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to a Russian libretto by the composer's brother Modest Tchaikovsky, based on a short story of the same name","title":"The Queen of Spades (opera)"},{"docid":"1363022","text":"electronic libretto systems have begun to be used in some opera houses, including New York's Metropolitan Opera, Milan's La Scala, and the Crosby Theatre of The Santa Fe Opera, which provide two lines of text on individual screens attached to the backs of the seats so as to not interfere with the visual aspects of the performance. A subtle type of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some opera houses. Acoustic enhancement systems help give a more even sound in the hall and prevent \"dead spots\" in the audience seating area by \"...augment[ing] a hall's intrinsic acoustic characteristics.\"","title":"Opera house"},{"docid":"14672697","text":"all their endless optimism and sorrow.\" An American Tragedy (opera) An American Tragedy is an opera in two acts composed by Tobias Picker, with a libretto by Gene Scheer. This was Picker's fourth opera, written four years after the debut of \"Thérèse Raquin\" (also composed with Scheer). Based on the Theodore Dreiser novel, \"An American Tragedy\", the opera was commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, and premiered in New York City on December 2, 2005. A progressive drama of temptation, responsibility, and faith. Clyde Griffiths, Midwestern missionary's son, is a young man working as a flirtatious bellhop in Chicago. He relocates","title":"An American Tragedy (opera)"},{"docid":"14672694","text":"An American Tragedy (opera) An American Tragedy is an opera in two acts composed by Tobias Picker, with a libretto by Gene Scheer. This was Picker's fourth opera, written four years after the debut of \"Thérèse Raquin\" (also composed with Scheer). Based on the Theodore Dreiser novel, \"An American Tragedy\", the opera was commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, and premiered in New York City on December 2, 2005. A progressive drama of temptation, responsibility, and faith. Clyde Griffiths, Midwestern missionary's son, is a young man working as a flirtatious bellhop in Chicago. He relocates to New York upon being offered","title":"An American Tragedy (opera)"},{"docid":"6560053","text":"The Pilgrim's Progress (opera) The Pilgrim's Progress is an opera by Ralph Vaughan Williams, based on John Bunyan's allegory \"The Pilgrim's Progress\". The composer himself described the work as a 'Morality' rather than an opera. Nonetheless, he intended the work to be performed on stage, rather than in a church or cathedral. Vaughan Williams himself prepared the libretto, with interpolations from the Bible and also text from his second wife, Ursula Wood. His changes to the story included altering the name of the central character from 'Christian' to 'Pilgrim', so as to universalise the spiritual message. The musical gestation of","title":"The Pilgrim's Progress (opera)"},{"docid":"20750319","text":"his coffin and hand it to Danny. He hands it to his mother and salutes. An American Soldier (opera) An American Soldier is an opera in two acts composed by Huang Ruo to a libretto by playwright David Henry Hwang. It initially premiered in a one-act version in 2014 and was subsequently expanded to two acts. The two-act version had its world premiere on 3 June 2018 during the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis festival. The opera is based on a true story, the suicide of Danny Chen, a Chinese-American U.S. Army soldier who had been subjected to racial harassment","title":"An American Soldier (opera)"},{"docid":"20750310","text":"An American Soldier (opera) An American Soldier is an opera in two acts composed by Huang Ruo to a libretto by playwright David Henry Hwang. It initially premiered in a one-act version in 2014 and was subsequently expanded to two acts. The two-act version had its world premiere on 3 June 2018 during the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis festival. The opera is based on a true story, the suicide of Danny Chen, a Chinese-American U.S. Army soldier who had been subjected to racial harassment and beatings by his fellow soldiers. Chen died in 2011 at his U.S. Army post","title":"An American Soldier (opera)"},{"docid":"8039631","text":"the opera \"has had an enormous amount of preliminary heralding and puffery, and ... the Opera House was filled with a very large audience.\" Nevertheless, \"at the end, the audience seemed wearied and anxious to go.\" He called the libretto \"amateurish,\" the prose \"bald and conventional,\" and the lyrics \"of the bad old operatic kind, constructed on Voltaire's theory that what is too foolish to be said is appropriate to be sung.\" He spends two paragraphs picking out improbabilities in the plot. He called Herbert's music \"pointedly and strongly dramatic.\" He questioned the value of the Indian \"color,\" on the","title":"Natoma (opera)"},{"docid":"13384215","text":"Six Characters in Search of an Author (opera) Six Characters in Search of an Author is an opera in three acts by composer Hugo Weisgall. The work uses an English libretto by Denis Johnston that is based on the play of the same name by Luigi Pirandello. The opera was commissioned by the New York City Opera under the leadership Julius Rudel. It premiered at New York City Center on April 26, 1959 in a production staged by William Ball and using sets and costumes designed by Gary Smith. The work was mounted in 1990 by the Lyric Opera of","title":"Six Characters in Search of an Author (opera)"},{"docid":"18076940","text":"Under Milk Wood: An Opera Under Milk Wood: An Opera is a chamber opera in one act by the Welsh composer John Metcalf. The libretto is directly adapted from the play for voices \"Under Milk Wood\" by Dylan Thomas. It premiered on 3 April 2014 at the Taliesin Arts Centre in Swansea. \"Under Milk Wood: An Opera\" is the seventh opera by John Metcalf, which he began composing in 2007, with the first workshops being held in 2008. The world premiere production was produced by Taliesin Arts Centre (Wales) in co-production with Le Chien Qui Chante (Quebec) & Companion Star","title":"Under Milk Wood: An Opera"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"5287078\",\n \"text\": \"required. What Men Live By (opera) What Men Live By (\\\"Čím člověk žije\\\" in Czech) is an opera in one act by Bohuslav Martinů to an English libretto by the composer, based on \\\"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\\\" (1885) by Leo Tolstoy, though he chose to use the more universal title of a different Tolstoy story \\\"What Men Live By\\\" (1886). It was composed in 1951-1952 when the composer was living in the U.S.A, and described by him as a 'pastoral-opera'. The opera was premiered as a television broadcast in New York in May 1953. The first staged\",\n \"title\": \"What Men Live By (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5287075\",\n \"text\": \"What Men Live By (opera) What Men Live By (\\\"Čím člověk žije\\\" in Czech) is an opera in one act by Bohuslav Martinů to an English libretto by the composer, based on \\\"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\\\" (1885) by Leo Tolstoy, though he chose to use the more universal title of a different Tolstoy story \\\"What Men Live By\\\" (1886). It was composed in 1951-1952 when the composer was living in the U.S.A, and described by him as a 'pastoral-opera'. The opera was premiered as a television broadcast in New York in May 1953. The first staged performance\",\n \"title\": \"What Men Live By (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10552018\",\n \"text\": \"What Next? (opera) What Next? is the only opera by Elliott Carter. Paul Griffiths wrote the libretto to the one-act work in 1997/98 on a commission from Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. The opera premiered there on 16 September 1999 in a fully staged production conducted by Daniel Barenboim. As the percussionists replicate the sounds of a car crash the characters wake up and discover themselves lost. They are physically unhurt but have lost all memory of who they are and how they came to be together. Many theories arise from all the characters. Mama suggests that they were\",\n \"title\": \"What Next? (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10552022\",\n \"text\": \"Conductor/Mama/Rose/Stella/Kid/Zen/Harry\\\"): What Next? (opera) What Next? is the only opera by Elliott Carter. Paul Griffiths wrote the libretto to the one-act work in 1997/98 on a commission from Staatsoper Unter den Linden in Berlin. The opera premiered there on 16 September 1999 in a fully staged production conducted by Daniel Barenboim. As the percussionists replicate the sounds of a car crash the characters wake up and discover themselves lost. They are physically unhurt but have lost all memory of who they are and how they came to be together. Many theories arise from all the characters. Mama suggests that they\",\n \"title\": \"What Next? (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20448189\",\n \"text\": \"a highly skilful pasticheur, and Britten, Sondheim, and Bartok are among the more respectable sources of his inspiration here. What Dove must take full credit for is the creation of vocal lines which allow the text to communicate.\\\" A new production was undertaken by Hampstead Garden Opera in November 2017 which was rated \\\"hugely enjoyable\\\" by \\\"The Stage\\\". Notes Sources The Enchanted Pig (opera) The Enchanted Pig is a chamber opera with music by Jonathan Dove to a libretto by Alasdair Middleton. It is based on themes from traditional fairy tales, namely \\\"The Enchanted Pig\\\" and \\\"The Brown Bear of\",\n \"title\": \"The Enchanted Pig (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9189921\",\n \"text\": \"believes. The Crucible (opera) The Crucible is an English language opera written by Robert Ward based on the play \\\"The Crucible\\\" by Arthur Miller. It won both the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Music Critics Circle Citation. The libretto was lightly adapted from Miller's text by Bernard Stambler. Ward received a commission from the New York City Opera to write the opera. Arthur Miller was involved in selecting Ward. It is one of the most performed operas by an American composer. \\\"The Crucible\\\" premiered on 26 October 1961 at the New York City Opera (NYCO), with\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucible (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9189917\",\n \"text\": \"The Crucible (opera) The Crucible is an English language opera written by Robert Ward based on the play \\\"The Crucible\\\" by Arthur Miller. It won both the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Music Critics Circle Citation. The libretto was lightly adapted from Miller's text by Bernard Stambler. Ward received a commission from the New York City Opera to write the opera. Arthur Miller was involved in selecting Ward. It is one of the most performed operas by an American composer. \\\"The Crucible\\\" premiered on 26 October 1961 at the New York City Opera (NYCO), with Chester\",\n \"title\": \"The Crucible (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20034436\",\n \"text\": \"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses Harriet, the Woman Called Moses is an opera in two acts composed by Thea Musgrave who also wrote the libretto which is loosely based on episodes in the life of the American abolitionist and former slave Harriet Tubman. The opera premiered on 1 March 1985 in Norfolk, Virginia, performed by Virginia Opera with subsequent broadcasts of the Virginia Opera production on National Public Radio and BBC Radio 3. Musgrave later wrote two shortened versions of the opera—The Story of Harriet Tubman (premiered 1993) and Remembering Harriet (premiered 2006). \\\"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses\\\" is loosely\",\n \"title\": \"Harriet, the Woman Called Moses\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10610239\",\n \"text\": \"The Demon (opera) The Demon () is an opera in three acts (six scenes) by Russian composer Anton Rubinstein. The work was composed in 1871. The libretto was by Pavel Viskovatov, based on the poem of the same name by Mikhail Lermontov. Lermontov's poem was banned as sacrilegious until 1860. Its popularity and its lurid story made it an excellent candidate for an opera libretto, and Rubinstein himself worked out the scenario from which Viskovatov produced the final text. The opera was premiered at the Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, on , conducted by Eduard Nápravník. The stage design was by\",\n \"title\": \"The Demon (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18089542\",\n \"text\": \"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish The Dybbuk: An Opera in Yiddish is an opera in three acts by American composer Solomon Epstein. The libretto was adapted by the composer from S. Ansky's 1914 play \\\"The Dybbuk\\\" and is apparently the world's first original Yiddish language opera. It was premiered and recorded at the Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater, Tel Aviv, and at Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, in May 1999. The opera was staged in a 70 minute abridged version using the composer's piano-vocal score. It has not yet been produced with a full orchestra. Yiddish, spoken mainly by\",\n \"title\": \"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7745509\",\n \"text\": \"what is a kind of on-stage musical equivalent of the slow fade into a flashback, he tells the story while bits and pieces are sung by the other characters until we are firmly in the flashback. That was an interesting effect that worked well,\\\" The same reviewer comments: \\\"That is a good message but the response from most was so what. The connection between that and the love of God was not communicated.\\\" The End of the Affair (opera) The End of the Affair is a chamber opera with music by Jake Heggie and a libretto by Heggie, Heather McDonald\",\n \"title\": \"The End of the Affair (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4237926\",\n \"text\": \"is our life? A game!\\\") a quote from Act 3 of the opera, became a proverb in Russian. \\\"What? Where? When?\\\", a trivia game and one of the most popular TV-shows in Russia and former Soviet countries, starts with a musical quotation from the opera, Herman singing the phrase \\\"Life is but a game.\\\" The Queen of Spades (opera) The Queen of Spades, Op. 68 (, \\\"Pikovaya dama\\\", ) is an opera in 3 acts (7 scenes) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to a Russian libretto by the composer's brother Modest Tchaikovsky, based on a short story of the same name\",\n \"title\": \"The Queen of Spades (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1363022\",\n \"text\": \"electronic libretto systems have begun to be used in some opera houses, including New York's Metropolitan Opera, Milan's La Scala, and the Crosby Theatre of The Santa Fe Opera, which provide two lines of text on individual screens attached to the backs of the seats so as to not interfere with the visual aspects of the performance. A subtle type of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement is used in some opera houses. Acoustic enhancement systems help give a more even sound in the hall and prevent \\\"dead spots\\\" in the audience seating area by \\\"...augment[ing] a hall's intrinsic acoustic characteristics.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Opera house\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14672697\",\n \"text\": \"all their endless optimism and sorrow.\\\" An American Tragedy (opera) An American Tragedy is an opera in two acts composed by Tobias Picker, with a libretto by Gene Scheer. This was Picker's fourth opera, written four years after the debut of \\\"Thérèse Raquin\\\" (also composed with Scheer). Based on the Theodore Dreiser novel, \\\"An American Tragedy\\\", the opera was commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, and premiered in New York City on December 2, 2005. A progressive drama of temptation, responsibility, and faith. Clyde Griffiths, Midwestern missionary's son, is a young man working as a flirtatious bellhop in Chicago. He relocates\",\n \"title\": \"An American Tragedy (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14672694\",\n \"text\": \"An American Tragedy (opera) An American Tragedy is an opera in two acts composed by Tobias Picker, with a libretto by Gene Scheer. This was Picker's fourth opera, written four years after the debut of \\\"Thérèse Raquin\\\" (also composed with Scheer). Based on the Theodore Dreiser novel, \\\"An American Tragedy\\\", the opera was commissioned by the Metropolitan Opera, and premiered in New York City on December 2, 2005. A progressive drama of temptation, responsibility, and faith. Clyde Griffiths, Midwestern missionary's son, is a young man working as a flirtatious bellhop in Chicago. He relocates to New York upon being offered\",\n \"title\": \"An American Tragedy (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6560053\",\n \"text\": \"The Pilgrim's Progress (opera) The Pilgrim's Progress is an opera by Ralph Vaughan Williams, based on John Bunyan's allegory \\\"The Pilgrim's Progress\\\". The composer himself described the work as a 'Morality' rather than an opera. Nonetheless, he intended the work to be performed on stage, rather than in a church or cathedral. Vaughan Williams himself prepared the libretto, with interpolations from the Bible and also text from his second wife, Ursula Wood. His changes to the story included altering the name of the central character from 'Christian' to 'Pilgrim', so as to universalise the spiritual message. The musical gestation of\",\n \"title\": \"The Pilgrim's Progress (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20750319\",\n \"text\": \"his coffin and hand it to Danny. He hands it to his mother and salutes. An American Soldier (opera) An American Soldier is an opera in two acts composed by Huang Ruo to a libretto by playwright David Henry Hwang. It initially premiered in a one-act version in 2014 and was subsequently expanded to two acts. The two-act version had its world premiere on 3 June 2018 during the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis festival. The opera is based on a true story, the suicide of Danny Chen, a Chinese-American U.S. Army soldier who had been subjected to racial harassment\",\n \"title\": \"An American Soldier (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20750310\",\n \"text\": \"An American Soldier (opera) An American Soldier is an opera in two acts composed by Huang Ruo to a libretto by playwright David Henry Hwang. It initially premiered in a one-act version in 2014 and was subsequently expanded to two acts. The two-act version had its world premiere on 3 June 2018 during the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis festival. The opera is based on a true story, the suicide of Danny Chen, a Chinese-American U.S. Army soldier who had been subjected to racial harassment and beatings by his fellow soldiers. Chen died in 2011 at his U.S. Army post\",\n \"title\": \"An American Soldier (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8039631\",\n \"text\": \"the opera \\\"has had an enormous amount of preliminary heralding and puffery, and ... the Opera House was filled with a very large audience.\\\" Nevertheless, \\\"at the end, the audience seemed wearied and anxious to go.\\\" He called the libretto \\\"amateurish,\\\" the prose \\\"bald and conventional,\\\" and the lyrics \\\"of the bad old operatic kind, constructed on Voltaire's theory that what is too foolish to be said is appropriate to be sung.\\\" He spends two paragraphs picking out improbabilities in the plot. He called Herbert's music \\\"pointedly and strongly dramatic.\\\" He questioned the value of the Indian \\\"color,\\\" on the\",\n \"title\": \"Natoma (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13384215\",\n \"text\": \"Six Characters in Search of an Author (opera) Six Characters in Search of an Author is an opera in three acts by composer Hugo Weisgall. The work uses an English libretto by Denis Johnston that is based on the play of the same name by Luigi Pirandello. The opera was commissioned by the New York City Opera under the leadership Julius Rudel. It premiered at New York City Center on April 26, 1959 in a production staged by William Ball and using sets and costumes designed by Gary Smith. The work was mounted in 1990 by the Lyric Opera of\",\n \"title\": \"Six Characters in Search of an Author (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18076940\",\n \"text\": \"Under Milk Wood: An Opera Under Milk Wood: An Opera is a chamber opera in one act by the Welsh composer John Metcalf. The libretto is directly adapted from the play for voices \\\"Under Milk Wood\\\" by Dylan Thomas. It premiered on 3 April 2014 at the Taliesin Arts Centre in Swansea. \\\"Under Milk Wood: An Opera\\\" is the seventh opera by John Metcalf, which he began composing in 2007, with the first workshops being held in 2008. The world premiere production was produced by Taliesin Arts Centre (Wales) in co-production with Le Chien Qui Chante (Quebec) & Companion Star\",\n \"title\": \"Under Milk Wood: An Opera\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"4434716","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \"What Is This Thing Called","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love?"},{"docid":"9229790","text":"other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"9229786","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" According to Asimov, in \"1938-39 ... for some half a","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"4434718","text":"forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as \"Hot House\" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love?"},{"docid":"18726625","text":"the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \"All True Man\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \"All True Man\" single \"All True Man\", \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)"},{"docid":"18726624","text":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \"All True Man\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \"All True Man\" single \"All True Man\", \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)"},{"docid":"12912009","text":"property that will rotate normally entered text 90 degrees clockwise: However, no other major browsers (Mozilla Firefox, Opera nor WebKit based browsers) support this writing-mode property. However, all major standards-compliant browsers now support CSS3 rotation for block elements, which makes the visual rotation of HTML text available. The most common way around these problems is to use images of text, which can then be rotated and transformed in an image editor at will, and to represent the text in those images with the alt attribute so that search engines and text-only browsers can read it properly. The use of ANSI","title":"Transformation of text"},{"docid":"19365997","text":"Hightower Text Hightower Text is a serif typeface designed by Tobias Frere-Jones. It is loosely based on the printing of Nicolas Jenson in Venice in the 1470s, in what is now called the \"old style\" of serif fonts. One of Frere-Jones' first professional font designs, it was originally used in AIGA's magazine and released commercially by Font Bureau. It was named for the then-executive director of AIGA, Caroline Warner Hightower. It has been included with some Microsoft software such as versions of Microsoft Office. Some releases have been called \"High Tower Text\". The family includes an italic style; this is","title":"Hightower Text"},{"docid":"9040376","text":"would otherwise have issues to run on Opera and to cloak the UA string by default for some website domains. Features of the Opera web browser This article details features of the Opera web browser. This section describes the features currently available in Opera. In Opera 49, developers added a snapshot tool with editing features. Opera is the first web browser to provide support for 360-degree videos to be played directly into virtual reality headsets. Opera offers full page zooming. Instead of just making the text bigger, this feature expands all page elements, including text, images, videos, and other content","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"19016900","text":"episode of \"Turandot\". Ramon Gener, writer and musician, is the host. With the dramatic aspect of opera, Gener tries to transmit ideas or thoughts on life—for example the idea of sharing, which he states in an interview, \"All that you have, share it with the world for if you don't what use is it in having?\" He has hosted other shows, and has been involved in Television programs since early 2011. Gener has done various interviews concerning his writings, and This is Opera in which he discusses his first experiences with music and how the show came to be. This","title":"This is Opera"},{"docid":"9040347","text":"Features of the Opera web browser This article details features of the Opera web browser. This section describes the features currently available in Opera. In Opera 49, developers added a snapshot tool with editing features. Opera is the first web browser to provide support for 360-degree videos to be played directly into virtual reality headsets. Opera offers full page zooming. Instead of just making the text bigger, this feature expands all page elements, including text, images, videos, and other content such as Adobe Flash, Java and Scalable Vector Graphics to be increased or decreased in size (25% to 500%). Extensions","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"9040360","text":"by adding [B][I][U]-Tags around the selected text. If no text was selected, the text would appear where the mouse was. Opera was designed to run well even on low-end and small computers, and with a commitment to computer accessibility for users who may have visual or mobility impairments. It is possible to control all main functions of the browser using only the keyboard, and the default keyboard shortcuts can be modified. Opera also supports the use of access keys to allow a computer user to immediately jump to a specific part of a web page via the keyboard. Opera was","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"13247473","text":"to focus on rescues and reunions, but that’s not what I was really interested in doing,” McPhee said. “I wanted to tell a story of what was happening. ... I really wanted to see the human spirit.” \"An American Opera\" features a soundtrack of mostly alternative rock, pop rock, ambient, grunge, indie, folk, and punk rock styles of music. \"The footage is set to a soundtrack of rock, punk and folk songs, often creating a seamless marriage between the lyrics, music and the events onscreen.\" Darren Schwindaman Arthur Yoria Gene Loves Jezebel Three Days Grace Jami Sieber Brad Sucks Ingrid","title":"An American Opera"},{"docid":"1362892","text":"an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text. The New Testament of the King James Version of the Bible was translated from editions of what was to become the \"Textus Receptus\". The different Byzantine \"Majority Text\" of Hodges & Farstad as well as Robinson & Pierpont is called \"Majority\" because it is considered to be the Greek text established on the basis of the reading found in the vast majority of the Greek manuscripts. The Textus Receptus differs from the Majority Text in 1,838 Greek readings, of which 1,005 represent \"translatable\" differences. Karl Lachmann (1850)","title":"Byzantine text-type"},{"docid":"9229788","text":"with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on \"Marvel\" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", requested a satire of the \"Playboy\" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might \"really\" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection \"Nightfall and Other Stories\" he retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change","title":"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)"},{"docid":"12912003","text":"these transformations are rotation and reflection. Unicode supports a variety of characters that resemble transformed characters, primarily for various forms of phonetic transcription. Each of these character names indicates what kind of transformation the characters have undergone: Strategies can be used to render words upside down in languages such as HTML that do not permit rotation of text; using Unicode characters (especially those in the IPA), a very close approximation of upside-down text (also called flip text) can be achieved. The letters s, x, z and o are rotationally symmetrical, while pairs such as b/q, d/p and n/u are rotations","title":"Transformation of text"},{"docid":"1408412","text":"opera house is believed to be haunted by an entity known as the Phantom of the Opera, or simply the Opera Ghost. A stagehand named Joseph Buquet is found hanged and the rope around his neck goes missing. At a gala performance for the retirement of the opera house's two managers, a young little-known Swedish soprano, Christine Daaé, is called upon to sing in the place of the Opera's leading soprano, Carlotta, who is ill, and her performance is an astonishing success. The Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who was present at the performance, recognizes her as his childhood playmate and","title":"The Phantom of the Opera"},{"docid":"9406939","text":"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9406947","text":"That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9040364","text":"used to offer some mouse gestures that are no longer available in the latest version as of now, for example: Some tools relating to browsing and email functions are organized within Opera Panels. Users can add additional tools by downloading or creating their own. Examples of tools installed by default: Since: Opera 9.5, released June 12, 2008 Words typed in the address field perform full-text search in the browser history. This allows a user to find a page previously accessed by searching by part of the text of its content. Since: Opera 4, released June 28, 2000<br> Discontinued: Opera 32,","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"5083466","text":"Mobile soap opera A mobile soap opera is a soap opera developed for the mobile phone platform. The series can be viewed by mobile phones, the internet or MSN Messenger. Subscribers register online and receive two episodes a day, each episode consisting of about 6 or 7 pictures and accompanying text. Mobile soap opera was first introduced into the Netherlands in 2003 with the series \"Jong Zuid\". An Australian version of \"Jong Zuid\" called \"Random Place\" was launched on 22 April 2005. Featuring a cast of Australian Olympians, reality TV & soaps stars including Libby Lenton, Leisal Jones, Nicole Sanderson,","title":"Mobile soap opera"},{"docid":"18076942","text":"sound effects which include an accordion and are played by members of the cast. The premiere production received broadly positive coverage in the Welsh and UK press. It was nominated for Best World Premiere in the International Opera Awards, Best New Opera by the Royal Philharmonic Society, Best Opera and Best Scenic and Costume Design in the Wales Theatre Awards. \"The Guardian\" named the opera one of the best of 2014. In his review for \"The Telegraph\", John Allison called it \"an operatic testimony for (Dylan) Thomas\", praising Metcalf's music \"that captures the ripeness of Thomas’s vision and never works","title":"Under Milk Wood: An Opera"},{"docid":"10718527","text":"Speech-to-text reporter A speech-to-text reporter (STTR), also known as a captioner, is a person who listens to what is being said and inputs it, word for word (verbatim), using an electronic shorthand keyboard or speech recognition software and a CAT software system. Their keyboard or speech recognition software is linked to a computer, which converts this information to properly spelled words. The reproduced text could then be read by deaf or hard-of-hearing people. The latest in speech-to-text reporters are called Voice writers. Voicewriting is a method used for court reporting, and it is also used by some medical transcriptionists. Using","title":"Speech-to-text reporter"},{"docid":"9040213","text":"use of obtrusive advertisements when other browsers such as Mozilla and Safari were offered free of charge without including advertisements. In August 2004, Opera 7.6 began limited alpha testing. It had more advanced standards support, and introduced voice support for Opera, as well as support for Voice XML. Opera also announced a new browser for Interactive Television, which included a \"fit to width\" option Opera 8 introduced. Fit to Width is a technology that initially utilized the power of CSS, but it is now internal Opera technology. Pages are dynamically resized by making images and/or text smaller, and even removing","title":"History of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"19365998","text":"Frere-Jones' design, since this style only emerged after Jenson's death. A commercial release is sold by Font Bureau in the OpenType format, which includes small capitals, ligatures and both lining and text figures. It does not include a bold style, which did not exist in Jenson's time. Hightower Text Hightower Text is a serif typeface designed by Tobias Frere-Jones. It is loosely based on the printing of Nicolas Jenson in Venice in the 1470s, in what is now called the \"old style\" of serif fonts. One of Frere-Jones' first professional font designs, it was originally used in AIGA's magazine and","title":"Hightower Text"},{"docid":"5321358","text":"observation.\" Carr attributes the developing complexity with the ideas made popular during the French Revolution, and from that stems the ideas and search of liberty. For his planned second edition, Carr authored a new preface, which was posthumously found among his papers. In this short text, he contrasted what he saw as the optimism of the 1960s, when he originally authored the text, with the pessimism of the 1980s, when he was putting together the second edition. The former, he argued, was marked by the dissolution of the British Empire, the economic recovery of France, Germany and Japan following the","title":"What Is History?"},{"docid":"306097","text":"in Italian. After WWII, opera scholarship improved, artists refocused on the original versions, and translations fell out of favor. Knowledge of European languages, especially Italian, French, and German, is today an important part of the training for professional singers.\"The biggest chunk of operatic training is in linguistics and musicianship,\" explains mezzo-soprano Dolora Zajick. \"[I have to understand] not only what I'm singing, but what everyone else is singing. I sing Italian, Czech, Russian, French, German, English.\" In the 1980s, supertitles (sometimes called surtitles) began to appear. Although supertitles were first almost universally condemned as a distraction, today many opera houses","title":"Opera"},{"docid":"18076943","text":"against the poetry\", while also noting a lack of contrast in the \"dreamy\" mood of the score. Writing for \"The Times\", Anna Picard noted the influence of Benjamin Britten on Metcalf's score, comparing it to \"Albert Herring\", and again praised the setting of the text \"with due attention to the glorious mouth-feel of Thomas' poetry\". Rian Evans in \"Opera\" repeated the praise for Metcalf's setting - \"honouring the intrinsic musicality of Thomas' text was Metcalf's priority\" - while pointing out that \"the absence of dramatic plot as such\" (of both Metcalf's piece and the original play) places greater importance than","title":"Under Milk Wood: An Opera"},{"docid":"3203780","text":"years after Pergolesi's death, his \"La serva padrona\" swept Italy and France, evoking the praise of such French Enlightenment luminaries as Rousseau. In 1760, Niccolò Piccinni wrote the music to \"La Cecchina\" to a text by the great Venetian playwright, Carlo Goldoni. That text was based on Samuel Richardson's popular English novel, \"Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded\" (1740). Many years later, Verdi called \"La Cecchina\" the \"first true Italian comic opera\" – that is to say, it had everything: it was in standard Italian and not in dialect; it was no longer simply an intermezzo, but rather an independent piece; it","title":"Comic opera"},{"docid":"4329053","text":"processing software) provide full-text-search capabilities. Some web search engines, such as AltaVista, employ full-text-search techniques, while others index only a portion of the web pages examined by their indexing systems. When dealing with a small number of documents, it is possible for the full-text-search engine to directly scan the contents of the documents with each query, a strategy called \"serial scanning\". This is what some tools, such as grep, do when searching. However, when the number of documents to search is potentially large, or the quantity of search queries to perform is substantial, the problem of full-text search is often","title":"Full-text search"},{"docid":"409872","text":"The Threepenny Opera The Threepenny Opera () is a \"play with music\" by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay's 18th-century English ballad opera, \"The Beggar's Opera\", and four ballads by François Villon, with music by Kurt Weill. Although there is debate as to how much, if any, Hauptmann might have contributed to the text, Brecht is usually listed as sole author. The work offers a Socialist critique of the capitalist world. It opened on 31 August 1928 at Berlin's Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. Songs from \"The Threepenny Opera\" have been widely covered and become standards,","title":"The Threepenny Opera"},{"docid":"5287223","text":"of text is not yet concrete. There is a text and there is other text that accompanies it: text that is 'with', namely the con-text. This notion of what is 'with the text', however, goes beyond what is said and written: it includes other non-verbal signs-on-the total environment in which a text unfolds. (Halliday and Hasan, 1985: 5) According to Halliday, text is a sign representation of a socio-cultural event embedded in a context of situation. Context of situation is the semio-socio-cultural environment in which the text unfolds. Text and context are so intimately related that neither concept can be","title":"Text linguistics"},{"docid":"15983625","text":"brother is at home recovering after a hard night of labor. This means that the brother can not find time to practice singing opera which is what he most wants to do. If he were a member of the upper class he would not have to expend himself at the cost of his education just to survive. It can be seen as one way the working-class upper-class struggle is defined. Secondly the narrator, who waits in line to see if he can get a job that day, is at the mercy of the upper-class manager who decides who can work","title":"What Work Is"},{"docid":"13247477","text":"to implement the ban on August 30, 2010: the five-year anniversary of animal rescue efforts in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. An American Opera An American Opera: The Greatest Pet Rescue Ever! is a multi-award-winning documentary film by Tom McPhee chronicling the events following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana when pet owners were forced to evacuate without their pets. \"An American Opera\" follows the pets, vets, owners, officials, rescuers, and adopters of animals as they try to remedy the situation, revealing that not everyone had the same goal of saving animals. Tom McPhee directed, narrated, and produced the film","title":"An American Opera"},{"docid":"13247469","text":"An American Opera An American Opera: The Greatest Pet Rescue Ever! is a multi-award-winning documentary film by Tom McPhee chronicling the events following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana when pet owners were forced to evacuate without their pets. \"An American Opera\" follows the pets, vets, owners, officials, rescuers, and adopters of animals as they try to remedy the situation, revealing that not everyone had the same goal of saving animals. Tom McPhee directed, narrated, and produced the film with the production companies Man Smiling Moving Pictures and Cave Studio. Interviewing leaders of animal organizations and volunteers who went to","title":"An American Opera"},{"docid":"9040348","text":"may also be used to do this and to enable high contrast coloured fonts. Full page zooming prevents inconsistencies that occur when regular text enlargement forces the content to be bigger than its container. Zooming can be done using multi-touch pinching gestures on supported platforms. Since Opera is based on Chromium, the Chromium-Browsing-Task Manager, as known from Google Chrome, is also a part of Operas Feature Range. This is not part of the legacy features of Opera 12.17. Opera allows the user to pause, resume or restart the transfer of files. It also keeps the history of downloaded files and","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"18089544","text":"Ethan Schmeisser, Yiddish coaching was Hadassa Ben-Heim, lighting by Afif Adries, costumes by Dvori Topaz. The production was dedicated to the memory of the Italian opera singer and director, Frederico Davia. The opera's premiere received international media attention. \"Opera\", the London monthly wrote: \"One of the most original and interesting projects this year\". The opera is a subject of a chapter in the Italian book \"Esotismi musicali del Dibbuk\" by Aloma Bardi, and appears on the cover. The book, about the musical adaptations of Ansky's play, was published in 2014 by the University of Naples. The Dybbuk: An opera in","title":"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish"},{"docid":"4827695","text":"of it happening at this stage are \"highly unlikely\". The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1989 American horror film directed by Dwight H. Little and based on Gaston Leroux's novel of the same name. The film is an updated and gorier version of the classic 1910 tale, and stars Robert Englund as the Phantom. Christine Day (Jill Schoelen), a young opera singer in modern-day Manhattan, is searching for a unique piece to sing at her next audition. Her friend and manager Meg (Molly Shannon) discovers an old opera piece called \"Don Juan","title":"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film)"},{"docid":"4827678","text":"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1989 American horror film directed by Dwight H. Little and based on Gaston Leroux's novel of the same name. The film is an updated and gorier version of the classic 1910 tale, and stars Robert Englund as the Phantom. Christine Day (Jill Schoelen), a young opera singer in modern-day Manhattan, is searching for a unique piece to sing at her next audition. Her friend and manager Meg (Molly Shannon) discovers an old opera piece called \"Don Juan Triumphant\", written by a composer named Erik Destler. Curious,","title":"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film)"},{"docid":"2356200","text":"is largely passive, whereas the person who engages with a writerly text has to make an active effort, and even to re-enact the actions of the writer himself. The different codes (hermeneutic, action, symbolic, semic, and historical) that Barthes defines in \"S/Z\" inform and reinforce one another, making for an open text that is indeterminant precisely because it can always be written anew. As a consequence, although one may experience pleasure in the readerly text, it is when one sees the text from the writerly point of view that the experience is blissful. Few writers in cultural studies and the","title":"The Pleasure of the Text"},{"docid":"7684945","text":"service is an Internet protocol intended for testing, debugging, and measurement purposes. Filler text Filler text (also placeholder text or dummy text) is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called \"greeking,\" although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum. ASDF is the sequence of letters that appear on the first four keys on the home","title":"Filler text"},{"docid":"5321347","text":"to suit their facts, and takes part in a dialogue between past and present. Summing up his argument, Carr puts forward his own answer to the question of \"what is history?\", remarking that \"it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the past and the present.\" it is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to rely on what have been called the auxiliary sciences of history In his second chapter, Carr focuses on the influence that society plays on forming the approach of the historian and","title":"What Is History?"},{"docid":"17020369","text":"final tableau, there is a slight acknowledgement of each other's worlds when the presenter of the mummers' play, Father Christmas, completes the story Mrs. Green has been telling, and Mrs. Green momentarily enters the mummers’ acting area. Down by the Greenwood Side (opera) Down by the Greenwood Side is a \"dramatic pastoral\" composed by Harrison Birtwistle to a text by Michael Nyman. It was first performed on 8 May 1969 at the Festival Pavilion, West Pier, Brighton. The text comes from two sources: a popular ballad called \"The Cruel Mother\", and passages from various mummers plays, the folk plays of","title":"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera)"},{"docid":"16103589","text":"Trilogy: An Opera Company Trilogy: An Opera Company (Trilogy: AOC) is a non-profit opera organization in Newark, New Jersey. Trilogy: AOC aims to produce high art evolving from the compositions and life stories of Black people. It embraces quality and diversity whilst supporting the community of black artists. Trilogy: AOC began in 2004. The inception of Trilogy: An Opera Company followed a conversation between Sharpe James, then Newark mayor and African American opera singer Kevin Maynor. It was to be a cultural gift to the people of the then chronically depressed urban area of Newark, New Jersey. Initially developed as","title":"Trilogy: An Opera Company"},{"docid":"16103592","text":"Investors Bank; The Prudential Foundation, The Puffin Foundation, The Modell Foundation; Pfizer and The Victoria Foundation. Trilogy: An Opera Company Trilogy: An Opera Company (Trilogy: AOC) is a non-profit opera organization in Newark, New Jersey. Trilogy: AOC aims to produce high art evolving from the compositions and life stories of Black people. It embraces quality and diversity whilst supporting the community of black artists. Trilogy: AOC began in 2004. The inception of Trilogy: An Opera Company followed a conversation between Sharpe James, then Newark mayor and African American opera singer Kevin Maynor. It was to be a cultural gift to","title":"Trilogy: An Opera Company"},{"docid":"409883","text":"is Macheath's old army comrade. Still, Peachum exerts his influence and eventually gets Macheath arrested and sentenced to hang. Macheath escapes this fate via a \"deus ex machina\" moments before the execution when, in an unrestrained parody of a happy ending, a messenger from the Queen arrives to pardon Macheath and grant him the title of Baron. The details of the original 1928 text have often been substantially modified in later productions. A draft narration by Brecht for a concert performance begins: \"You are about to hear an opera for beggars. Since this opera was intended to be as splendid","title":"The Threepenny Opera"},{"docid":"11915101","text":"as it should in opera. The music was more akin to a film score, expanded in scope, but not in function. The Letter (opera) The Letter is an opera by composer Paul Moravec and librettist Terry Teachout. It was commissioned by the Santa Fe Opera and was premiered there on 25 July 2009. The opera is based on \"The Letter\", a 1927 play adapted by W. Somerset Maugham from one of his short stories. The play has been filmed twice. The first version, called \"The Letter\", was made in 1929 and starred Jeanne Eagels. The better-known 1940 version, also called","title":"The Letter (opera)"},{"docid":"17193711","text":"and are reminiscent of the text of . The following lyrics are those printed in the 1811 hymnal \"A General Selection of the Newest and Most Admired Hymns and Spiritual Songs Now in Use\"; a number of variations exist, but most are descended from this version. <poem> 1. What wondrous love is this, O my soul! O my soul! What wondrous love is this! What wondrous love is this! That caused the Lord of bliss! To send this precious peace, To my soul, to my soul! To send this precious peace To my soul! 2. When I was sinking down,","title":"What Wondrous Love Is This"},{"docid":"9040363","text":"able to sync the content blocker list using Opera Link. The ability to transfer files via a built-in BitTorrent client was introduced in Opera 9, released June 20, 2006. Since: Opera 6, released December 18, 2001 Hotclick refers to double-clicking any word in a page and having it to open the context menu instantly, which in Opera includes commands for searching the selected text in search engines and built-in translation, encyclopedia and dictionary services. In addition to this, the Hotclick menu also gives access to the 'copy', 'copy to note' (Opera 7 and later), and 'Send by email' functions. Opera","title":"Features of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"13914364","text":"according to their usual habitat. The accompanying text included brief notes on distribution, breeding and behaviour. While initial sales were poor, history tells us that Cayley had accurately discerned a market need and successfully responded to it. During WWII sales accelerated and Cayley’s first collection, reprinted time and time again, eventually became a household name among birdwatchers and the book was recognised as an Australian classic. The original sponsorship of \"What Bird is That?\" proved a great investment for the Gould League, who benefited from the sale of its numerous reprints and revised editions. By 1960, it was rated the","title":"What Bird is That?"},{"docid":"8797032","text":"Peter Jöback and Erkan Aki. What makes this particular song unique within the musical is its unusual hard rock style, since most of the songs in the musical have a more operatic style. Early in the musical's production, Andrew Lloyd Webber met Jim Steinman, who described \"The Phantom of the Opera\" as a rock song invading an opera house. This is what inspired the hard rock style of the song, which influenced all of the rock-based instruments in the song including drums and electric guitar. \"The Phantom of the Opera\" song was also specially arranged by the show's original orchestrator,","title":"The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)"},{"docid":"12912008","text":"of what would be needed for most purposes, and because text is rendered horizontally, it would be very difficult to render beyond one line of vertical text in a well-aligned manner without columns, especially in proportional fonts (furthermore, each character would require a line break after it). The process of using alternate characters for sideways text is further complicated by the fact that most fonts space letters further apart vertically (to accommodate underlining and overlining) than horizontally, and that most fonts are taller than they are wider, making simulated sideways text look significantly more awkward. Internet Explorer has a CSS","title":"Transformation of text"},{"docid":"3035181","text":"seat of the Chinese government. Peking opera was born when the 'Four Great Anhui Troupes' brought Anhui opera, or what is now called \"Huiju\", in 1790 to Beijing, for the eightieth birthday of the Qianlong Emperor on 25 September. It was originally staged for the court and only made available to the public later. In 1828, several famous Hubei troupes arrived in Beijing and performed jointly with Anhui troupes. The combination gradually formed Peking opera's melodies. Peking opera is generally regarded as having fully formed by 1845. Although it is called Peking opera (Beijing theatre style), its origins are in","title":"Peking opera"},{"docid":"8406928","text":"The Kiss (opera) The Kiss () is an opera in two acts, with music by Bedřich Smetana and text by Eliška Krásnohorská, based on a novel by Karolina Světlá. It received its first performance at the Provisional Theatre in Prague on 7 November 1876. Lukáš, a peasant, has always been in love with Vendulka. Unfortunately for the young couple, his parents insisted that he marry another girl. However, his wife dies, leaving him with an infant. As they are both still young, Lukáš intends to woo the very eligible Vendulka. Paloucký, Vendulka's father, opposes the match: he reasons that since","title":"The Kiss (opera)"},{"docid":"5287222","text":"form but of meaning.\" (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 1–2) \"A text is made up of sentences, but there exist separate principles of text-construction, beyond the rules for making sentences.\" (Fowler, 1991: 59) \"[Text is] a set of mutually relevant communicative functions, structured in such a way as to achieve an overall rhetorical purpose.\" (Hatim and Mason, 1990) Text linguists generally agree that text is the natural domain of language, but they still differ in their perspectives of what constitutes a text. This variance is mainly due to the different methods of observations of different linguists, and as such, the definition","title":"Text linguistics"},{"docid":"9406942","text":"writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees","title":"What Is the What"},{"docid":"9040247","text":"Opera Mobile Classic, formerly called Opera Mobile, is an edition of Opera designed for smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The first version of Opera Mobile Classic was released in 2000 for the Psion Series 7 and NetBook, with a port to the Windows Mobile platform coming in 2004. One of Opera Mobile Classic's major features is the ability to dynamically reformat web pages to better fit the handheld's display using small screen rendering technology. Alternatively, the user may use page zooming for a closer or broader look. However, Opera Mobile's user interface has come under fire for being difficult","title":"History of the Opera web browser"},{"docid":"17020368","text":"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera) Down by the Greenwood Side is a \"dramatic pastoral\" composed by Harrison Birtwistle to a text by Michael Nyman. It was first performed on 8 May 1969 at the Festival Pavilion, West Pier, Brighton. The text comes from two sources: a popular ballad called \"The Cruel Mother\", and passages from various mummers plays, the folk plays of the English countryside. The soprano, Mrs. Green, sings the ballad while the actors and mime perform the play. The two ingredients never meet; both are completely self-contained, involved only in themselves. But near the end, in the","title":"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera)"},{"docid":"3403728","text":"Opera Mail Opera Mail (formerly known as M2) is the email and news client developed by Opera Software. It was an integrated component within the Opera web browser from version 2 through 12. With the release of Opera 15 in 2013, Opera Mail became a separate product and is no longer bundled with Opera. Opera Mail version 1.0 is available for OS X and Windows. It features rich text support and inline spell checking, spam filtering (both automated and Bayesian), a contact manager, and supports POP3 and IMAP, newsgroups, and Atom and RSS feeds. Opera Mail uses one database that","title":"Opera Mail"},{"docid":"5334421","text":"an election for the American Presidency. Yet another text sim genre is the real world simulation. These text sims try to manage a real world situation of some sort in a text based engine. Often this genre will try to use statistics to figure out some element of life. A recent example of this genre is Kudos, where a player simulates the life of a young person in their early twenties trying to decide what to do with life. Sports Sims: Tycoon/Business Sims: Political Sims: Text sim Text Sim (which stands for text simulation) refers to a type of computer","title":"Text sim"},{"docid":"11915086","text":"The Letter (opera) The Letter is an opera by composer Paul Moravec and librettist Terry Teachout. It was commissioned by the Santa Fe Opera and was premiered there on 25 July 2009. The opera is based on \"The Letter\", a 1927 play adapted by W. Somerset Maugham from one of his short stories. The play has been filmed twice. The first version, called \"The Letter\", was made in 1929 and starred Jeanne Eagels. The better-known 1940 version, also called \"The Letter\", starred Bette Davis and Herbert Marshall and was directed by William Wyler. The inspiration for Maugham's story and his","title":"The Letter (opera)"},{"docid":"7684941","text":"Filler text Filler text (also placeholder text or dummy text) is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called \"greeking,\" although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum. ASDF is the sequence of letters that appear on the first four keys on the home row of a QWERTY or QWERTZ keyboard. They are often used as","title":"Filler text"},{"docid":"14638032","text":"did not realize the dangers of texting unknown numbers. A writer for business organisation ICAEW commented that text roulette is a modern variation on an old pattern, i.e. young people finding ways to irritate adults by doing what is forbidden, but raises concerns about child safety. In October 2010, Textslide debuted as an application that enables people to easily and safely engage in SMS conversations with strangers. Text roulette Text roulette or SMS roulette is a game played chiefly by schoolchildren, in which they compose a text message on their mobile phone then send it to one of their contacts","title":"Text roulette"},{"docid":"15965568","text":"Text is defined as the content of interaction, or what is said in an interaction. Text is the meaning made available to individuals through a face-to-face or electronic mode of communication. Conversation is defined as what is happening behaviorally between two or more participants in the communication process. Conversation is the exchange or interaction itself. The process of the text and conversation exchange is reciprocal: text needs conversation and vice versa for the process of communication to occur. Text, or content, must have context to be effective and a conversation, or discourse, needs to have a beginning, middle and end.","title":"Text and conversation theory"},{"docid":"18963055","text":"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? \"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?\" is the title now given to a speech by Frederick Douglass delivered on July 5, 1852, in Corinthian Hall, Rochester, New York, addressing the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society. The speech is perhaps the most widely known of all of Frederick Douglass' writings save his autobiographies. Many copies of one section of it, beginning in para. 32, have been circulated online. Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July","title":"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"},{"docid":"668492","text":"contrasting with the stark, ritualistic music with which this act began. (In the Stuttgart premiere, the dance actually described the construction of the city.) The dance scene was omitted from the UK premiere production and its 1987 revival. \"Scene 4: Hymn\" What now follows is a hymn to the only god Aten, a long aria (alternating between A minor and A major) by Akhnaten, and the central piece of the opera. It is outstanding as it is the only text sung in the language of the audience, praising the sun giving life to everything. After the aria, an off-stage chorus","title":"Akhnaten (opera)"},{"docid":"8406932","text":"like the audience, know that it will all turn out well in the end. After the smugglers leave, Martinka does her best to persuade Vendulka to return home. The next morning, Lukáš arrives at Martinka's cottage, with his friends and relatives. He apologizes to Paloucký for his actions towards his daughter, and awaits Vendulka. When she arrives, both are overjoyed. She goes towards him, but first he publicly begs forgiveness before they finally kiss. The Kiss (opera) The Kiss () is an opera in two acts, with music by Bedřich Smetana and text by Eliška Krásnohorská, based on a novel","title":"The Kiss (opera)"},{"docid":"17193704","text":"What Wondrous Love Is This \"What Wondrous Love Is This\" (often just referred to as \"Wondrous Love\") is a Christian folk hymn, sometimes described as a \"white spiritual\", from the American South. Its text was first published in 1811, during the Second Great Awakening, and its melody derived from a popular English ballad. Today it is a widely known hymn included in hymnals of many Christian denominations. The hymn's lyrics were first published in Lynchburg, Virginia in the 1811 camp meeting songbook \"A General Selection of the Newest and Most Admired Hymns and Spiritual Songs Now in Use\". The lyrics","title":"What Wondrous Love Is This"},{"docid":"17193714","text":"joyful be, and through eternity I'll sing on, I'll sing on, and through eternity I'll sing on. </poem> What Wondrous Love Is This \"What Wondrous Love Is This\" (often just referred to as \"Wondrous Love\") is a Christian folk hymn, sometimes described as a \"white spiritual\", from the American South. Its text was first published in 1811, during the Second Great Awakening, and its melody derived from a popular English ballad. Today it is a widely known hymn included in hymnals of many Christian denominations. The hymn's lyrics were first published in Lynchburg, Virginia in the 1811 camp meeting songbook","title":"What Wondrous Love Is This"},{"docid":"11503785","text":"1922 and 1924, by C. W. Kobbé. Much of the additional material first appeared in a supplement or appendix to the main work. The last opera of the main text is the \"Goyescas\" of Enrique Granados, and the Supplement is still (in the English edition, p. 851 ff.) described as such in 1929, but in other editions called \"Recent and Revised Operas.\" This continued to evolve, and incorporated additional material written by Ferruccio Bonavia (signed F.B.). The earlier supplement included works by Maeterlinck, Reginald de Koven, Ravel, Henry Hadley, Andre Messager, Holst, Rutland Boughton, Ethel Smyth, Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky and Stravinsky,","title":"The Complete Opera Book"},{"docid":"19016898","text":"This is Opera This is Opera is a Spanish television documentary series created and directed by Ramon Gener. The show explores opera in unconventional ways to try to attract not just existing opera fans, but also those less familiar with the art form. The host guides the viewer to the places of origin of each opera, and explores the culture, history—and modern and current trends and how they apply to opera. The show premiered on Servus TV in Austria and Germany on January 17, 2015, on La 2 in Spain on March 8, 2015, on RAI 5 in Italy on","title":"This is Opera"},{"docid":"17193708","text":"Bryan included \"What Wondrous Love Is This\" in his folk opera \"Singin' Billy\". In 1958, American composer Samuel Barber composed \"Wondrous Love: Variations on a Shape Note Hymn\" (Op. 34), a work for organ, for Christ Episcopal Church in Grosse Pointe, Michigan; the church's organist, an associate of Barber's, had requested a piece for the dedication ceremony of the church's new organ. The piece begins with a statement that closely follows the traditional hymn; four variations follow, of which the last is the \"longest and most expressive\". Dwayne S. Milburn composed a prelude on \"Wondrous Love\" as the first movement","title":"What Wondrous Love Is This"},{"docid":"12715772","text":"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in","title":"The World Is What It Is"},{"docid":"8799733","text":"soldiers; opera supposes a free will and desire to serve\". According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Italian word was first used in the sense \"composition in which poetry, dance, and music are combined\" in 1639; the first recorded English usage in this sense dates to 1648. Peri's works, however, did not arise out of a creative vacuum in the area of sung drama. An underlying prerequisite for the creation of opera proper was the practice of monody. Monody is the solo singing/setting of a dramatically conceived melody, designed to express the emotional content of the text it carries, which","title":"Origins of opera"},{"docid":"17001276","text":"Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera The Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera is an award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA), an employers' organisation which serves as the peak body in the live entertainment and performing arts industries in Australia. The accolade is handed out at the annual Helpmann Awards, which celebrates achievements in musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. The award is given to the \"director who has made a material contribution to the Australian aspect of the production.\" The nominees are determined by the Opera and","title":"Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera"},{"docid":"6384901","text":"(a MediaWiki extension). Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \"could display\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \"designMode\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user","title":"Online rich-text editor"},{"docid":"6384897","text":"Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \"could display\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \"designMode\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user using a cursor.","title":"Online rich-text editor"},{"docid":"9255824","text":"far from Refused and the first Text album. Only Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström appear on this album. The record came out on Demonbox Recordings in Sweden and on Buddyhead in America and the rest of the world. Text – \"Text\" was Buddyhead #4 and considered a building block in what is now a very successfully diverse indie-boutique-label run by music journalist Travis Keller. Text announced a US tour the year after the record was released on Buddyhead but due to conflicts with International Noise Conspiracy tours, it was cancelled. TEXT TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen,","title":"TEXT"},{"docid":"13486768","text":"the possibility of repeating a text 'iterability', a word derived from Latin \"iterare\", to repeat. According to Derrida, the effects caused by a performative text are in a sense also part of it. In this way, the distinction between a text and that what is outside it dissolves. For this reason it is pointless to try to define the context of a speech act. Besides the consequential effects, the dissolution of the text-context divide is also caused by iterability. Due to the possibility of repetition, the intentions of an individual actor can never be fully present in a speech act.","title":"Performative text"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"4434716\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \\\"What Is This Thing Called\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229790\",\n \"text\": \"other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", as a satire of an article in \\\"Playboy\\\" called \\\"Girls of the Slime God\\\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but Asimov later retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229786\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", as a satire of an article in \\\"Playboy\\\" called \\\"Girls of the Slime God\\\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but Asimov later retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" According to Asimov, in \\\"1938-39 ... for some half a\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4434718\",\n \"text\": \"forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as \\\"Hot House\\\" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \\\"Wake Up and Dream\\\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18726625\",\n \"text\": \"the United States, the single reached #21 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \\\"All True Man\\\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \\\"All True Man\\\" single \\\"All True Man\\\", \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18726624\",\n \"text\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song) \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the second single from the singer's fourth solo album, \\\"All True Man\\\" (1991). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the \\\"All True Man\\\" single \\\"All True Man\\\", \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" was released as the album's second single. Alexander O'Neal's 19th hit single and it reached #53 in the UK Singles Chart. In\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (Alexander O'Neal song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12912009\",\n \"text\": \"property that will rotate normally entered text 90 degrees clockwise: However, no other major browsers (Mozilla Firefox, Opera nor WebKit based browsers) support this writing-mode property. However, all major standards-compliant browsers now support CSS3 rotation for block elements, which makes the visual rotation of HTML text available. The most common way around these problems is to use images of text, which can then be rotated and transformed in an image editor at will, and to represent the text in those images with the alt attribute so that search engines and text-only browsers can read it properly. The use of ANSI\",\n \"title\": \"Transformation of text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19365997\",\n \"text\": \"Hightower Text Hightower Text is a serif typeface designed by Tobias Frere-Jones. It is loosely based on the printing of Nicolas Jenson in Venice in the 1470s, in what is now called the \\\"old style\\\" of serif fonts. One of Frere-Jones' first professional font designs, it was originally used in AIGA's magazine and released commercially by Font Bureau. It was named for the then-executive director of AIGA, Caroline Warner Hightower. It has been included with some Microsoft software such as versions of Microsoft Office. Some releases have been called \\\"High Tower Text\\\". The family includes an italic style; this is\",\n \"title\": \"Hightower Text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040376\",\n \"text\": \"would otherwise have issues to run on Opera and to cloak the UA string by default for some website domains. Features of the Opera web browser This article details features of the Opera web browser. This section describes the features currently available in Opera. In Opera 49, developers added a snapshot tool with editing features. Opera is the first web browser to provide support for 360-degree videos to be played directly into virtual reality headsets. Opera offers full page zooming. Instead of just making the text bigger, this feature expands all page elements, including text, images, videos, and other content\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19016900\",\n \"text\": \"episode of \\\"Turandot\\\". Ramon Gener, writer and musician, is the host. With the dramatic aspect of opera, Gener tries to transmit ideas or thoughts on life—for example the idea of sharing, which he states in an interview, \\\"All that you have, share it with the world for if you don't what use is it in having?\\\" He has hosted other shows, and has been involved in Television programs since early 2011. Gener has done various interviews concerning his writings, and This is Opera in which he discusses his first experiences with music and how the show came to be. This\",\n \"title\": \"This is Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040347\",\n \"text\": \"Features of the Opera web browser This article details features of the Opera web browser. This section describes the features currently available in Opera. In Opera 49, developers added a snapshot tool with editing features. Opera is the first web browser to provide support for 360-degree videos to be played directly into virtual reality headsets. Opera offers full page zooming. Instead of just making the text bigger, this feature expands all page elements, including text, images, videos, and other content such as Adobe Flash, Java and Scalable Vector Graphics to be increased or decreased in size (25% to 500%). Extensions\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040360\",\n \"text\": \"by adding [B][I][U]-Tags around the selected text. If no text was selected, the text would appear where the mouse was. Opera was designed to run well even on low-end and small computers, and with a commitment to computer accessibility for users who may have visual or mobility impairments. It is possible to control all main functions of the browser using only the keyboard, and the default keyboard shortcuts can be modified. Opera also supports the use of access keys to allow a computer user to immediately jump to a specific part of a web page via the keyboard. Opera was\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13247473\",\n \"text\": \"to focus on rescues and reunions, but that’s not what I was really interested in doing,” McPhee said. “I wanted to tell a story of what was happening. ... I really wanted to see the human spirit.” \\\"An American Opera\\\" features a soundtrack of mostly alternative rock, pop rock, ambient, grunge, indie, folk, and punk rock styles of music. \\\"The footage is set to a soundtrack of rock, punk and folk songs, often creating a seamless marriage between the lyrics, music and the events onscreen.\\\" Darren Schwindaman Arthur Yoria Gene Loves Jezebel Three Days Grace Jami Sieber Brad Sucks Ingrid\",\n \"title\": \"An American Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1362892\",\n \"text\": \"an enterprising publisher from the Netherlands, in his 1633 edition of Erasmus' text. The New Testament of the King James Version of the Bible was translated from editions of what was to become the \\\"Textus Receptus\\\". The different Byzantine \\\"Majority Text\\\" of Hodges & Farstad as well as Robinson & Pierpont is called \\\"Majority\\\" because it is considered to be the Greek text established on the basis of the reading found in the vast majority of the Greek manuscripts. The Textus Receptus differs from the Majority Text in 1,838 Greek readings, of which 1,005 represent \\\"translatable\\\" differences. Karl Lachmann (1850)\",\n \"title\": \"Byzantine text-type\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9229788\",\n \"text\": \"with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on \\\"Marvel\\\" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \\\"Amazing Stories\\\", requested a satire of the \\\"Playboy\\\" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might \\\"really\\\" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \\\"Amazing\\\" as \\\"Playboy and the Slime God\\\", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection \\\"Nightfall and Other Stories\\\" he retitled it \\\"What Is This Thing Called Love?\\\" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change\",\n \"title\": \"What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12912003\",\n \"text\": \"these transformations are rotation and reflection. Unicode supports a variety of characters that resemble transformed characters, primarily for various forms of phonetic transcription. Each of these character names indicates what kind of transformation the characters have undergone: Strategies can be used to render words upside down in languages such as HTML that do not permit rotation of text; using Unicode characters (especially those in the IPA), a very close approximation of upside-down text (also called flip text) can be achieved. The letters s, x, z and o are rotationally symmetrical, while pairs such as b/q, d/p and n/u are rotations\",\n \"title\": \"Transformation of text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"1408412\",\n \"text\": \"opera house is believed to be haunted by an entity known as the Phantom of the Opera, or simply the Opera Ghost. A stagehand named Joseph Buquet is found hanged and the rope around his neck goes missing. At a gala performance for the retirement of the opera house's two managers, a young little-known Swedish soprano, Christine Daaé, is called upon to sing in the place of the Opera's leading soprano, Carlotta, who is ill, and her performance is an astonishing success. The Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who was present at the performance, recognizes her as his childhood playmate and\",\n \"title\": \"The Phantom of the Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406939\",\n \"text\": \"What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \\\"murahaleen\\\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406947\",\n \"text\": \"That Happens Will Happen Today\\\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040364\",\n \"text\": \"used to offer some mouse gestures that are no longer available in the latest version as of now, for example: Some tools relating to browsing and email functions are organized within Opera Panels. Users can add additional tools by downloading or creating their own. Examples of tools installed by default: Since: Opera 9.5, released June 12, 2008 Words typed in the address field perform full-text search in the browser history. This allows a user to find a page previously accessed by searching by part of the text of its content. Since: Opera 4, released June 28, 2000<br> Discontinued: Opera 32,\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5083466\",\n \"text\": \"Mobile soap opera A mobile soap opera is a soap opera developed for the mobile phone platform. The series can be viewed by mobile phones, the internet or MSN Messenger. Subscribers register online and receive two episodes a day, each episode consisting of about 6 or 7 pictures and accompanying text. Mobile soap opera was first introduced into the Netherlands in 2003 with the series \\\"Jong Zuid\\\". An Australian version of \\\"Jong Zuid\\\" called \\\"Random Place\\\" was launched on 22 April 2005. Featuring a cast of Australian Olympians, reality TV & soaps stars including Libby Lenton, Leisal Jones, Nicole Sanderson,\",\n \"title\": \"Mobile soap opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18076942\",\n \"text\": \"sound effects which include an accordion and are played by members of the cast. The premiere production received broadly positive coverage in the Welsh and UK press. It was nominated for Best World Premiere in the International Opera Awards, Best New Opera by the Royal Philharmonic Society, Best Opera and Best Scenic and Costume Design in the Wales Theatre Awards. \\\"The Guardian\\\" named the opera one of the best of 2014. In his review for \\\"The Telegraph\\\", John Allison called it \\\"an operatic testimony for (Dylan) Thomas\\\", praising Metcalf's music \\\"that captures the ripeness of Thomas’s vision and never works\",\n \"title\": \"Under Milk Wood: An Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10718527\",\n \"text\": \"Speech-to-text reporter A speech-to-text reporter (STTR), also known as a captioner, is a person who listens to what is being said and inputs it, word for word (verbatim), using an electronic shorthand keyboard or speech recognition software and a CAT software system. Their keyboard or speech recognition software is linked to a computer, which converts this information to properly spelled words. The reproduced text could then be read by deaf or hard-of-hearing people. The latest in speech-to-text reporters are called Voice writers. Voicewriting is a method used for court reporting, and it is also used by some medical transcriptionists. Using\",\n \"title\": \"Speech-to-text reporter\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040213\",\n \"text\": \"use of obtrusive advertisements when other browsers such as Mozilla and Safari were offered free of charge without including advertisements. In August 2004, Opera 7.6 began limited alpha testing. It had more advanced standards support, and introduced voice support for Opera, as well as support for Voice XML. Opera also announced a new browser for Interactive Television, which included a \\\"fit to width\\\" option Opera 8 introduced. Fit to Width is a technology that initially utilized the power of CSS, but it is now internal Opera technology. Pages are dynamically resized by making images and/or text smaller, and even removing\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19365998\",\n \"text\": \"Frere-Jones' design, since this style only emerged after Jenson's death. A commercial release is sold by Font Bureau in the OpenType format, which includes small capitals, ligatures and both lining and text figures. It does not include a bold style, which did not exist in Jenson's time. Hightower Text Hightower Text is a serif typeface designed by Tobias Frere-Jones. It is loosely based on the printing of Nicolas Jenson in Venice in the 1470s, in what is now called the \\\"old style\\\" of serif fonts. One of Frere-Jones' first professional font designs, it was originally used in AIGA's magazine and\",\n \"title\": \"Hightower Text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5321358\",\n \"text\": \"observation.\\\" Carr attributes the developing complexity with the ideas made popular during the French Revolution, and from that stems the ideas and search of liberty. For his planned second edition, Carr authored a new preface, which was posthumously found among his papers. In this short text, he contrasted what he saw as the optimism of the 1960s, when he originally authored the text, with the pessimism of the 1980s, when he was putting together the second edition. The former, he argued, was marked by the dissolution of the British Empire, the economic recovery of France, Germany and Japan following the\",\n \"title\": \"What Is History?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"306097\",\n \"text\": \"in Italian. After WWII, opera scholarship improved, artists refocused on the original versions, and translations fell out of favor. Knowledge of European languages, especially Italian, French, and German, is today an important part of the training for professional singers.\\\"The biggest chunk of operatic training is in linguistics and musicianship,\\\" explains mezzo-soprano Dolora Zajick. \\\"[I have to understand] not only what I'm singing, but what everyone else is singing. I sing Italian, Czech, Russian, French, German, English.\\\" In the 1980s, supertitles (sometimes called surtitles) began to appear. Although supertitles were first almost universally condemned as a distraction, today many opera houses\",\n \"title\": \"Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18076943\",\n \"text\": \"against the poetry\\\", while also noting a lack of contrast in the \\\"dreamy\\\" mood of the score. Writing for \\\"The Times\\\", Anna Picard noted the influence of Benjamin Britten on Metcalf's score, comparing it to \\\"Albert Herring\\\", and again praised the setting of the text \\\"with due attention to the glorious mouth-feel of Thomas' poetry\\\". Rian Evans in \\\"Opera\\\" repeated the praise for Metcalf's setting - \\\"honouring the intrinsic musicality of Thomas' text was Metcalf's priority\\\" - while pointing out that \\\"the absence of dramatic plot as such\\\" (of both Metcalf's piece and the original play) places greater importance than\",\n \"title\": \"Under Milk Wood: An Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3203780\",\n \"text\": \"years after Pergolesi's death, his \\\"La serva padrona\\\" swept Italy and France, evoking the praise of such French Enlightenment luminaries as Rousseau. In 1760, Niccolò Piccinni wrote the music to \\\"La Cecchina\\\" to a text by the great Venetian playwright, Carlo Goldoni. That text was based on Samuel Richardson's popular English novel, \\\"Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded\\\" (1740). Many years later, Verdi called \\\"La Cecchina\\\" the \\\"first true Italian comic opera\\\" – that is to say, it had everything: it was in standard Italian and not in dialect; it was no longer simply an intermezzo, but rather an independent piece; it\",\n \"title\": \"Comic opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4329053\",\n \"text\": \"processing software) provide full-text-search capabilities. Some web search engines, such as AltaVista, employ full-text-search techniques, while others index only a portion of the web pages examined by their indexing systems. When dealing with a small number of documents, it is possible for the full-text-search engine to directly scan the contents of the documents with each query, a strategy called \\\"serial scanning\\\". This is what some tools, such as grep, do when searching. However, when the number of documents to search is potentially large, or the quantity of search queries to perform is substantial, the problem of full-text search is often\",\n \"title\": \"Full-text search\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"409872\",\n \"text\": \"The Threepenny Opera The Threepenny Opera () is a \\\"play with music\\\" by Bertolt Brecht, adapted from a translation by Elisabeth Hauptmann of John Gay's 18th-century English ballad opera, \\\"The Beggar's Opera\\\", and four ballads by François Villon, with music by Kurt Weill. Although there is debate as to how much, if any, Hauptmann might have contributed to the text, Brecht is usually listed as sole author. The work offers a Socialist critique of the capitalist world. It opened on 31 August 1928 at Berlin's Theater am Schiffbauerdamm. Songs from \\\"The Threepenny Opera\\\" have been widely covered and become standards,\",\n \"title\": \"The Threepenny Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5287223\",\n \"text\": \"of text is not yet concrete. There is a text and there is other text that accompanies it: text that is 'with', namely the con-text. This notion of what is 'with the text', however, goes beyond what is said and written: it includes other non-verbal signs-on-the total environment in which a text unfolds. (Halliday and Hasan, 1985: 5) According to Halliday, text is a sign representation of a socio-cultural event embedded in a context of situation. Context of situation is the semio-socio-cultural environment in which the text unfolds. Text and context are so intimately related that neither concept can be\",\n \"title\": \"Text linguistics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15983625\",\n \"text\": \"brother is at home recovering after a hard night of labor. This means that the brother can not find time to practice singing opera which is what he most wants to do. If he were a member of the upper class he would not have to expend himself at the cost of his education just to survive. It can be seen as one way the working-class upper-class struggle is defined. Secondly the narrator, who waits in line to see if he can get a job that day, is at the mercy of the upper-class manager who decides who can work\",\n \"title\": \"What Work Is\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13247477\",\n \"text\": \"to implement the ban on August 30, 2010: the five-year anniversary of animal rescue efforts in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. An American Opera An American Opera: The Greatest Pet Rescue Ever! is a multi-award-winning documentary film by Tom McPhee chronicling the events following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana when pet owners were forced to evacuate without their pets. \\\"An American Opera\\\" follows the pets, vets, owners, officials, rescuers, and adopters of animals as they try to remedy the situation, revealing that not everyone had the same goal of saving animals. Tom McPhee directed, narrated, and produced the film\",\n \"title\": \"An American Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13247469\",\n \"text\": \"An American Opera An American Opera: The Greatest Pet Rescue Ever! is a multi-award-winning documentary film by Tom McPhee chronicling the events following Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana when pet owners were forced to evacuate without their pets. \\\"An American Opera\\\" follows the pets, vets, owners, officials, rescuers, and adopters of animals as they try to remedy the situation, revealing that not everyone had the same goal of saving animals. Tom McPhee directed, narrated, and produced the film with the production companies Man Smiling Moving Pictures and Cave Studio. Interviewing leaders of animal organizations and volunteers who went to\",\n \"title\": \"An American Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040348\",\n \"text\": \"may also be used to do this and to enable high contrast coloured fonts. Full page zooming prevents inconsistencies that occur when regular text enlargement forces the content to be bigger than its container. Zooming can be done using multi-touch pinching gestures on supported platforms. Since Opera is based on Chromium, the Chromium-Browsing-Task Manager, as known from Google Chrome, is also a part of Operas Feature Range. This is not part of the legacy features of Opera 12.17. Opera allows the user to pause, resume or restart the transfer of files. It also keeps the history of downloaded files and\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18089544\",\n \"text\": \"Ethan Schmeisser, Yiddish coaching was Hadassa Ben-Heim, lighting by Afif Adries, costumes by Dvori Topaz. The production was dedicated to the memory of the Italian opera singer and director, Frederico Davia. The opera's premiere received international media attention. \\\"Opera\\\", the London monthly wrote: \\\"One of the most original and interesting projects this year\\\". The opera is a subject of a chapter in the Italian book \\\"Esotismi musicali del Dibbuk\\\" by Aloma Bardi, and appears on the cover. The book, about the musical adaptations of Ansky's play, was published in 2014 by the University of Naples. The Dybbuk: An opera in\",\n \"title\": \"The Dybbuk: An opera in Yiddish\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4827695\",\n \"text\": \"of it happening at this stage are \\\"highly unlikely\\\". The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1989 American horror film directed by Dwight H. Little and based on Gaston Leroux's novel of the same name. The film is an updated and gorier version of the classic 1910 tale, and stars Robert Englund as the Phantom. Christine Day (Jill Schoelen), a young opera singer in modern-day Manhattan, is searching for a unique piece to sing at her next audition. Her friend and manager Meg (Molly Shannon) discovers an old opera piece called \\\"Don Juan\",\n \"title\": \"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4827678\",\n \"text\": \"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film) The Phantom of the Opera is a 1989 American horror film directed by Dwight H. Little and based on Gaston Leroux's novel of the same name. The film is an updated and gorier version of the classic 1910 tale, and stars Robert Englund as the Phantom. Christine Day (Jill Schoelen), a young opera singer in modern-day Manhattan, is searching for a unique piece to sing at her next audition. Her friend and manager Meg (Molly Shannon) discovers an old opera piece called \\\"Don Juan Triumphant\\\", written by a composer named Erik Destler. Curious,\",\n \"title\": \"The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2356200\",\n \"text\": \"is largely passive, whereas the person who engages with a writerly text has to make an active effort, and even to re-enact the actions of the writer himself. The different codes (hermeneutic, action, symbolic, semic, and historical) that Barthes defines in \\\"S/Z\\\" inform and reinforce one another, making for an open text that is indeterminant precisely because it can always be written anew. As a consequence, although one may experience pleasure in the readerly text, it is when one sees the text from the writerly point of view that the experience is blissful. Few writers in cultural studies and the\",\n \"title\": \"The Pleasure of the Text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7684945\",\n \"text\": \"service is an Internet protocol intended for testing, debugging, and measurement purposes. Filler text Filler text (also placeholder text or dummy text) is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called \\\"greeking,\\\" although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum. ASDF is the sequence of letters that appear on the first four keys on the home\",\n \"title\": \"Filler text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5321347\",\n \"text\": \"to suit their facts, and takes part in a dialogue between past and present. Summing up his argument, Carr puts forward his own answer to the question of \\\"what is history?\\\", remarking that \\\"it is a continuous process of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the past and the present.\\\" it is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to rely on what have been called the auxiliary sciences of history In his second chapter, Carr focuses on the influence that society plays on forming the approach of the historian and\",\n \"title\": \"What Is History?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17020369\",\n \"text\": \"final tableau, there is a slight acknowledgement of each other's worlds when the presenter of the mummers' play, Father Christmas, completes the story Mrs. Green has been telling, and Mrs. Green momentarily enters the mummers’ acting area. Down by the Greenwood Side (opera) Down by the Greenwood Side is a \\\"dramatic pastoral\\\" composed by Harrison Birtwistle to a text by Michael Nyman. It was first performed on 8 May 1969 at the Festival Pavilion, West Pier, Brighton. The text comes from two sources: a popular ballad called \\\"The Cruel Mother\\\", and passages from various mummers plays, the folk plays of\",\n \"title\": \"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16103589\",\n \"text\": \"Trilogy: An Opera Company Trilogy: An Opera Company (Trilogy: AOC) is a non-profit opera organization in Newark, New Jersey. Trilogy: AOC aims to produce high art evolving from the compositions and life stories of Black people. It embraces quality and diversity whilst supporting the community of black artists. Trilogy: AOC began in 2004. The inception of Trilogy: An Opera Company followed a conversation between Sharpe James, then Newark mayor and African American opera singer Kevin Maynor. It was to be a cultural gift to the people of the then chronically depressed urban area of Newark, New Jersey. Initially developed as\",\n \"title\": \"Trilogy: An Opera Company\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16103592\",\n \"text\": \"Investors Bank; The Prudential Foundation, The Puffin Foundation, The Modell Foundation; Pfizer and The Victoria Foundation. Trilogy: An Opera Company Trilogy: An Opera Company (Trilogy: AOC) is a non-profit opera organization in Newark, New Jersey. Trilogy: AOC aims to produce high art evolving from the compositions and life stories of Black people. It embraces quality and diversity whilst supporting the community of black artists. Trilogy: AOC began in 2004. The inception of Trilogy: An Opera Company followed a conversation between Sharpe James, then Newark mayor and African American opera singer Kevin Maynor. It was to be a cultural gift to\",\n \"title\": \"Trilogy: An Opera Company\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"409883\",\n \"text\": \"is Macheath's old army comrade. Still, Peachum exerts his influence and eventually gets Macheath arrested and sentenced to hang. Macheath escapes this fate via a \\\"deus ex machina\\\" moments before the execution when, in an unrestrained parody of a happy ending, a messenger from the Queen arrives to pardon Macheath and grant him the title of Baron. The details of the original 1928 text have often been substantially modified in later productions. A draft narration by Brecht for a concert performance begins: \\\"You are about to hear an opera for beggars. Since this opera was intended to be as splendid\",\n \"title\": \"The Threepenny Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11915101\",\n \"text\": \"as it should in opera. The music was more akin to a film score, expanded in scope, but not in function. The Letter (opera) The Letter is an opera by composer Paul Moravec and librettist Terry Teachout. It was commissioned by the Santa Fe Opera and was premiered there on 25 July 2009. The opera is based on \\\"The Letter\\\", a 1927 play adapted by W. Somerset Maugham from one of his short stories. The play has been filmed twice. The first version, called \\\"The Letter\\\", was made in 1929 and starred Jeanne Eagels. The better-known 1940 version, also called\",\n \"title\": \"The Letter (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17193711\",\n \"text\": \"and are reminiscent of the text of . The following lyrics are those printed in the 1811 hymnal \\\"A General Selection of the Newest and Most Admired Hymns and Spiritual Songs Now in Use\\\"; a number of variations exist, but most are descended from this version. <poem> 1. What wondrous love is this, O my soul! O my soul! What wondrous love is this! What wondrous love is this! That caused the Lord of bliss! To send this precious peace, To my soul, to my soul! To send this precious peace To my soul! 2. When I was sinking down,\",\n \"title\": \"What Wondrous Love Is This\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040363\",\n \"text\": \"able to sync the content blocker list using Opera Link. The ability to transfer files via a built-in BitTorrent client was introduced in Opera 9, released June 20, 2006. Since: Opera 6, released December 18, 2001 Hotclick refers to double-clicking any word in a page and having it to open the context menu instantly, which in Opera includes commands for searching the selected text in search engines and built-in translation, encyclopedia and dictionary services. In addition to this, the Hotclick menu also gives access to the 'copy', 'copy to note' (Opera 7 and later), and 'Send by email' functions. Opera\",\n \"title\": \"Features of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13914364\",\n \"text\": \"according to their usual habitat. The accompanying text included brief notes on distribution, breeding and behaviour. While initial sales were poor, history tells us that Cayley had accurately discerned a market need and successfully responded to it. During WWII sales accelerated and Cayley’s first collection, reprinted time and time again, eventually became a household name among birdwatchers and the book was recognised as an Australian classic. The original sponsorship of \\\"What Bird is That?\\\" proved a great investment for the Gould League, who benefited from the sale of its numerous reprints and revised editions. By 1960, it was rated the\",\n \"title\": \"What Bird is That?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8797032\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Jöback and Erkan Aki. What makes this particular song unique within the musical is its unusual hard rock style, since most of the songs in the musical have a more operatic style. Early in the musical's production, Andrew Lloyd Webber met Jim Steinman, who described \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" as a rock song invading an opera house. This is what inspired the hard rock style of the song, which influenced all of the rock-based instruments in the song including drums and electric guitar. \\\"The Phantom of the Opera\\\" song was also specially arranged by the show's original orchestrator,\",\n \"title\": \"The Phantom of the Opera (Andrew Lloyd Webber song)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12912008\",\n \"text\": \"of what would be needed for most purposes, and because text is rendered horizontally, it would be very difficult to render beyond one line of vertical text in a well-aligned manner without columns, especially in proportional fonts (furthermore, each character would require a line break after it). The process of using alternate characters for sideways text is further complicated by the fact that most fonts space letters further apart vertically (to accommodate underlining and overlining) than horizontally, and that most fonts are taller than they are wider, making simulated sideways text look significantly more awkward. Internet Explorer has a CSS\",\n \"title\": \"Transformation of text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3035181\",\n \"text\": \"seat of the Chinese government. Peking opera was born when the 'Four Great Anhui Troupes' brought Anhui opera, or what is now called \\\"Huiju\\\", in 1790 to Beijing, for the eightieth birthday of the Qianlong Emperor on 25 September. It was originally staged for the court and only made available to the public later. In 1828, several famous Hubei troupes arrived in Beijing and performed jointly with Anhui troupes. The combination gradually formed Peking opera's melodies. Peking opera is generally regarded as having fully formed by 1845. Although it is called Peking opera (Beijing theatre style), its origins are in\",\n \"title\": \"Peking opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8406928\",\n \"text\": \"The Kiss (opera) The Kiss () is an opera in two acts, with music by Bedřich Smetana and text by Eliška Krásnohorská, based on a novel by Karolina Světlá. It received its first performance at the Provisional Theatre in Prague on 7 November 1876. Lukáš, a peasant, has always been in love with Vendulka. Unfortunately for the young couple, his parents insisted that he marry another girl. However, his wife dies, leaving him with an infant. As they are both still young, Lukáš intends to woo the very eligible Vendulka. Paloucký, Vendulka's father, opposes the match: he reasons that since\",\n \"title\": \"The Kiss (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5287222\",\n \"text\": \"form but of meaning.\\\" (Halliday and Hasan, 1976: 1–2) \\\"A text is made up of sentences, but there exist separate principles of text-construction, beyond the rules for making sentences.\\\" (Fowler, 1991: 59) \\\"[Text is] a set of mutually relevant communicative functions, structured in such a way as to achieve an overall rhetorical purpose.\\\" (Hatim and Mason, 1990) Text linguists generally agree that text is the natural domain of language, but they still differ in their perspectives of what constitutes a text. This variance is mainly due to the different methods of observations of different linguists, and as such, the definition\",\n \"title\": \"Text linguistics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9406942\",\n \"text\": \"writes: \\\"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\\\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees\",\n \"title\": \"What Is the What\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9040247\",\n \"text\": \"Opera Mobile Classic, formerly called Opera Mobile, is an edition of Opera designed for smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The first version of Opera Mobile Classic was released in 2000 for the Psion Series 7 and NetBook, with a port to the Windows Mobile platform coming in 2004. One of Opera Mobile Classic's major features is the ability to dynamically reformat web pages to better fit the handheld's display using small screen rendering technology. Alternatively, the user may use page zooming for a closer or broader look. However, Opera Mobile's user interface has come under fire for being difficult\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Opera web browser\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17020368\",\n \"text\": \"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera) Down by the Greenwood Side is a \\\"dramatic pastoral\\\" composed by Harrison Birtwistle to a text by Michael Nyman. It was first performed on 8 May 1969 at the Festival Pavilion, West Pier, Brighton. The text comes from two sources: a popular ballad called \\\"The Cruel Mother\\\", and passages from various mummers plays, the folk plays of the English countryside. The soprano, Mrs. Green, sings the ballad while the actors and mime perform the play. The two ingredients never meet; both are completely self-contained, involved only in themselves. But near the end, in the\",\n \"title\": \"Down by the Greenwood Side (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3403728\",\n \"text\": \"Opera Mail Opera Mail (formerly known as M2) is the email and news client developed by Opera Software. It was an integrated component within the Opera web browser from version 2 through 12. With the release of Opera 15 in 2013, Opera Mail became a separate product and is no longer bundled with Opera. Opera Mail version 1.0 is available for OS X and Windows. It features rich text support and inline spell checking, spam filtering (both automated and Bayesian), a contact manager, and supports POP3 and IMAP, newsgroups, and Atom and RSS feeds. Opera Mail uses one database that\",\n \"title\": \"Opera Mail\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5334421\",\n \"text\": \"an election for the American Presidency. Yet another text sim genre is the real world simulation. These text sims try to manage a real world situation of some sort in a text based engine. Often this genre will try to use statistics to figure out some element of life. A recent example of this genre is Kudos, where a player simulates the life of a young person in their early twenties trying to decide what to do with life. Sports Sims: Tycoon/Business Sims: Political Sims: Text sim Text Sim (which stands for text simulation) refers to a type of computer\",\n \"title\": \"Text sim\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11915086\",\n \"text\": \"The Letter (opera) The Letter is an opera by composer Paul Moravec and librettist Terry Teachout. It was commissioned by the Santa Fe Opera and was premiered there on 25 July 2009. The opera is based on \\\"The Letter\\\", a 1927 play adapted by W. Somerset Maugham from one of his short stories. The play has been filmed twice. The first version, called \\\"The Letter\\\", was made in 1929 and starred Jeanne Eagels. The better-known 1940 version, also called \\\"The Letter\\\", starred Bette Davis and Herbert Marshall and was directed by William Wyler. The inspiration for Maugham's story and his\",\n \"title\": \"The Letter (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7684941\",\n \"text\": \"Filler text Filler text (also placeholder text or dummy text) is text that shares some characteristics of a real written text, but is random or otherwise generated. It may be used to display a sample of fonts, generate text for testing, or to spoof an e-mail spam filter. The process of using filler text is sometimes called \\\"greeking,\\\" although the text itself may be nonsense, or largely Latin, as in Lorem ipsum. ASDF is the sequence of letters that appear on the first four keys on the home row of a QWERTY or QWERTZ keyboard. They are often used as\",\n \"title\": \"Filler text\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14638032\",\n \"text\": \"did not realize the dangers of texting unknown numbers. A writer for business organisation ICAEW commented that text roulette is a modern variation on an old pattern, i.e. young people finding ways to irritate adults by doing what is forbidden, but raises concerns about child safety. In October 2010, Textslide debuted as an application that enables people to easily and safely engage in SMS conversations with strangers. Text roulette Text roulette or SMS roulette is a game played chiefly by schoolchildren, in which they compose a text message on their mobile phone then send it to one of their contacts\",\n \"title\": \"Text roulette\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15965568\",\n \"text\": \"Text is defined as the content of interaction, or what is said in an interaction. Text is the meaning made available to individuals through a face-to-face or electronic mode of communication. Conversation is defined as what is happening behaviorally between two or more participants in the communication process. Conversation is the exchange or interaction itself. The process of the text and conversation exchange is reciprocal: text needs conversation and vice versa for the process of communication to occur. Text, or content, must have context to be effective and a conversation, or discourse, needs to have a beginning, middle and end.\",\n \"title\": \"Text and conversation theory\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18963055\",\n \"text\": \"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? \\\"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?\\\" is the title now given to a speech by Frederick Douglass delivered on July 5, 1852, in Corinthian Hall, Rochester, New York, addressing the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society. The speech is perhaps the most widely known of all of Frederick Douglass' writings save his autobiographies. Many copies of one section of it, beginning in para. 32, have been circulated online. Due to this and the variant titles given to it in various places, and the fact that it is called a July\",\n \"title\": \"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"668492\",\n \"text\": \"contrasting with the stark, ritualistic music with which this act began. (In the Stuttgart premiere, the dance actually described the construction of the city.) The dance scene was omitted from the UK premiere production and its 1987 revival. \\\"Scene 4: Hymn\\\" What now follows is a hymn to the only god Aten, a long aria (alternating between A minor and A major) by Akhnaten, and the central piece of the opera. It is outstanding as it is the only text sung in the language of the audience, praising the sun giving life to everything. After the aria, an off-stage chorus\",\n \"title\": \"Akhnaten (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8406932\",\n \"text\": \"like the audience, know that it will all turn out well in the end. After the smugglers leave, Martinka does her best to persuade Vendulka to return home. The next morning, Lukáš arrives at Martinka's cottage, with his friends and relatives. He apologizes to Paloucký for his actions towards his daughter, and awaits Vendulka. When she arrives, both are overjoyed. She goes towards him, but first he publicly begs forgiveness before they finally kiss. The Kiss (opera) The Kiss () is an opera in two acts, with music by Bedřich Smetana and text by Eliška Krásnohorská, based on a novel\",\n \"title\": \"The Kiss (opera)\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17193704\",\n \"text\": \"What Wondrous Love Is This \\\"What Wondrous Love Is This\\\" (often just referred to as \\\"Wondrous Love\\\") is a Christian folk hymn, sometimes described as a \\\"white spiritual\\\", from the American South. Its text was first published in 1811, during the Second Great Awakening, and its melody derived from a popular English ballad. Today it is a widely known hymn included in hymnals of many Christian denominations. The hymn's lyrics were first published in Lynchburg, Virginia in the 1811 camp meeting songbook \\\"A General Selection of the Newest and Most Admired Hymns and Spiritual Songs Now in Use\\\". The lyrics\",\n \"title\": \"What Wondrous Love Is This\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17193714\",\n \"text\": \"joyful be, and through eternity I'll sing on, I'll sing on, and through eternity I'll sing on. </poem> What Wondrous Love Is This \\\"What Wondrous Love Is This\\\" (often just referred to as \\\"Wondrous Love\\\") is a Christian folk hymn, sometimes described as a \\\"white spiritual\\\", from the American South. Its text was first published in 1811, during the Second Great Awakening, and its melody derived from a popular English ballad. Today it is a widely known hymn included in hymnals of many Christian denominations. The hymn's lyrics were first published in Lynchburg, Virginia in the 1811 camp meeting songbook\",\n \"title\": \"What Wondrous Love Is This\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11503785\",\n \"text\": \"1922 and 1924, by C. W. Kobbé. Much of the additional material first appeared in a supplement or appendix to the main work. The last opera of the main text is the \\\"Goyescas\\\" of Enrique Granados, and the Supplement is still (in the English edition, p. 851 ff.) described as such in 1929, but in other editions called \\\"Recent and Revised Operas.\\\" This continued to evolve, and incorporated additional material written by Ferruccio Bonavia (signed F.B.). The earlier supplement included works by Maeterlinck, Reginald de Koven, Ravel, Henry Hadley, Andre Messager, Holst, Rutland Boughton, Ethel Smyth, Rimsky-Korsakov, Mussorgsky and Stravinsky,\",\n \"title\": \"The Complete Opera Book\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19016898\",\n \"text\": \"This is Opera This is Opera is a Spanish television documentary series created and directed by Ramon Gener. The show explores opera in unconventional ways to try to attract not just existing opera fans, but also those less familiar with the art form. The host guides the viewer to the places of origin of each opera, and explores the culture, history—and modern and current trends and how they apply to opera. The show premiered on Servus TV in Austria and Germany on January 17, 2015, on La 2 in Spain on March 8, 2015, on RAI 5 in Italy on\",\n \"title\": \"This is Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17193708\",\n \"text\": \"Bryan included \\\"What Wondrous Love Is This\\\" in his folk opera \\\"Singin' Billy\\\". In 1958, American composer Samuel Barber composed \\\"Wondrous Love: Variations on a Shape Note Hymn\\\" (Op. 34), a work for organ, for Christ Episcopal Church in Grosse Pointe, Michigan; the church's organist, an associate of Barber's, had requested a piece for the dedication ceremony of the church's new organ. The piece begins with a statement that closely follows the traditional hymn; four variations follow, of which the last is the \\\"longest and most expressive\\\". Dwayne S. Milburn composed a prelude on \\\"Wondrous Love\\\" as the first movement\",\n \"title\": \"What Wondrous Love Is This\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12715772\",\n \"text\": \"in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \\\"New York Times Book Review\\\" as one of the \\\"Times\\\"' \\\"10 Best Books of 2008\\\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in\",\n \"title\": \"The World Is What It Is\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8799733\",\n \"text\": \"soldiers; opera supposes a free will and desire to serve\\\". According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Italian word was first used in the sense \\\"composition in which poetry, dance, and music are combined\\\" in 1639; the first recorded English usage in this sense dates to 1648. Peri's works, however, did not arise out of a creative vacuum in the area of sung drama. An underlying prerequisite for the creation of opera proper was the practice of monody. Monody is the solo singing/setting of a dramatically conceived melody, designed to express the emotional content of the text it carries, which\",\n \"title\": \"Origins of opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17001276\",\n \"text\": \"Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera The Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera is an award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA), an employers' organisation which serves as the peak body in the live entertainment and performing arts industries in Australia. The accolade is handed out at the annual Helpmann Awards, which celebrates achievements in musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. The award is given to the \\\"director who has made a material contribution to the Australian aspect of the production.\\\" The nominees are determined by the Opera and\",\n \"title\": \"Helpmann Award for Best Direction of an Opera\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6384901\",\n \"text\": \"(a MediaWiki extension). Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \\\"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\\\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \\\"could display\\\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \\\"designMode\\\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user\",\n \"title\": \"Online rich-text editor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6384897\",\n \"text\": \"Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \\\"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\\\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \\\"could display\\\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \\\"designMode\\\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user using a cursor.\",\n \"title\": \"Online rich-text editor\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9255824\",\n \"text\": \"far from Refused and the first Text album. Only Fredrik Bäckström and Jon F Brännström appear on this album. The record came out on Demonbox Recordings in Sweden and on Buddyhead in America and the rest of the world. Text – \\\"Text\\\" was Buddyhead #4 and considered a building block in what is now a very successfully diverse indie-boutique-label run by music journalist Travis Keller. Text announced a US tour the year after the record was released on Buddyhead but due to conflicts with International Noise Conspiracy tours, it was cancelled. TEXT TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen,\",\n \"title\": \"TEXT\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13486768\",\n \"text\": \"the possibility of repeating a text 'iterability', a word derived from Latin \\\"iterare\\\", to repeat. According to Derrida, the effects caused by a performative text are in a sense also part of it. In this way, the distinction between a text and that what is outside it dissolves. For this reason it is pointless to try to define the context of a speech act. Besides the consequential effects, the dissolution of the text-context divide is also caused by iterability. Due to the possibility of repetition, the intentions of an individual actor can never be fully present in a speech act.\",\n \"title\": \"Performative text\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":299,"cells":{"query_id":{"kind":"string","value":"300"},"query":{"kind":"string","value":"Where was the first of the International Mathematical Olympiads held?"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"positive_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"862573","text":"International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual six-problem mathematical olympiad for pre-college students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except in 1980. More than 100 countries, representing over 90% of the world's population, send teams of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers. The content ranges from extremely difficult algebra and pre-calculus problems to problems on branches of mathematics not conventionally covered at school and often not at university level either, such","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"862573\",\n \"text\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual six-problem mathematical olympiad for pre-college students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held annually, except in 1980. More than 100 countries, representing over 90% of the world's population, send teams of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers. The content ranges from extremely difficult algebra and pre-calculus problems to problems on branches of mathematics not conventionally covered at school and often not at university level either, such\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_passages":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"docid":"19858581","text":"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads Thailand first participated at the International Science Olympiad (ISO)—a group of academic competitions for secondary school students—in 1989, when it sent representatives to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad in Germany. Since then, it has expanded to send representatives to every branch of the annual competition. Selection as the country's representatives for the ISO is highly competitive, and involves multiple steps of examinations and academic training camps organised by the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST) and the Promotion of Academic Olympiads and Development of Science Education Foundation (POSN). Country","title":"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads"},{"docid":"19858582","text":"representatives are awarded international scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies in their fields. In addition to the International Mathematical Olympiad, Thailand first sent representatives to the International Physics Olympiad and International Chemistry Olympiad in 1990, the International Olympiad in Informatics and International Biology Olympiad in 1991, the International Astronomy Olympiad and International Junior Science Olympiad, and the International Geography Olympiad in 2015. Thailand will first send representatives to the International Philosophy Olympiad in 2018. Thailand at the International Science Olympiads Thailand first participated at the International Science Olympiad (ISO)—a group of academic competitions for secondary school students—in 1989, when it","title":"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads"},{"docid":"8766798","text":"competition, held in March. Alongside honours and awards, the top students are selected to perform in various mathematical olympiads, including the Baltic Way, the Nordic Mathematical Contest, and the International Mathematical Olympiad. In Indonesia, National Mathematical Olympiad is held as a part of National Science Olympiad (Olimpiade Sains Nasional), and has been held annually since 2002. About 100-120 students who pass the province-level test will be eligible to participate in the National Mathematical Olympiad, which is held in August or September. About thirty students are chosen to get into the first training camp, which is held at October through November.","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"17399484","text":"Henri de Baillet-Latour and Avery Brundage, were openly anti-semitic and both collaborated with the Nazis. On the contrary, the Workers' Olympiads opposed all kinds of chauvinism, sexism, racism and social exclusiveness. The Olympic Games were based in rivalry between the nations, but the Workers' Olympiads stressed internationalism, friendship, solidarity and peace. The Lucerne Sport International (later known as Socialist Workers' Sport International) was established in Lucerne, Switzerland in 1920. The first unofficial Workers' Olympiads were held a year later in Prague, Czechoslovakia. The IOC had banned the losing side of the World War I from the 1920 Summer Olympics (Germany","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"17426201","text":"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads Association football was included in every three editions of International Workers' Summer Olympiads in 1925, 1931 and 1937 as a men's competition sport. Tournaments were played as a single-elimination tournament. Countries were represented by selected teams of their workers' sports associations and the players were mostly amateurs. Exception was the Soviet team in 1937 as it was represented by Spartak Moscow. 1925 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Participating teams in the football tournament were Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany and Switzerland. 1931 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Vienna,","title":"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"7404491","text":"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools (MOEMS) is a worldwide math competition, organized by a not for profit foundation with the same name. It is held yearly from November through March with one test administered each month. Tests are given at individual schools and results are sent to MOEMS for scoring. Schools, home schools and institutions may participate in the contest. Two dozen other nations also participate in the competition. There are two divisions, Elementary and Middle School. Elementary level problems are for grades 4-6 and Middle School level problems are for","title":"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools"},{"docid":"17426203","text":"labor sports organisations were disbanded in Germany by the Nazi regime in 1933. The Soviet Union was represented by Spartak Moscow. Note: the results are not complete. Football at the International Workers' Olympiads Association football was included in every three editions of International Workers' Summer Olympiads in 1925, 1931 and 1937 as a men's competition sport. Tournaments were played as a single-elimination tournament. Countries were represented by selected teams of their workers' sports associations and the players were mostly amateurs. Exception was the Soviet team in 1937 as it was represented by Spartak Moscow. 1925 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held","title":"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"17399487","text":"in 1937 was a joint event with the Red Sport International organized Spartakiads. Note: the table below is incomplete. Only the participating countries of 1925 and 1937 Winter Olympiads and 1925 Summer Olympiads are correct. International Workers' Olympiads International Workers' Olympiads were an international sporting event arranged between 1925 and 1937 by Socialist Workers' Sport International (SASI). It was an organisation supported by social democratic parties and International Federation of Trade Unions. Workers' Olympiads were an alternate event for the Olympic Games. The participants were members of various labor sports associations and came mostly from Europe. Nowadays the CSIT World","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"17399482","text":"International Workers' Olympiads International Workers' Olympiads were an international sporting event arranged between 1925 and 1937 by Socialist Workers' Sport International (SASI). It was an organisation supported by social democratic parties and International Federation of Trade Unions. Workers' Olympiads were an alternate event for the Olympic Games. The participants were members of various labor sports associations and came mostly from Europe. Nowadays the CSIT World Sports Games are the successor sports events of the International Workers' Olympiads. The \"World Sports Games\" is the main highlight and a new Brand of the CSIT. It is a unique major sports event for","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"17399485","text":"even from the 1924 games), but the Workers's Olympiads were open for the \"enemy\" side as well. The number of participating countries was thirteen. The first official Worker's Olympiads were the 1925 winter games in the German town of Schreiberhau, which today is a part of Poland. They were followed by the first Summer Olympiads in Frankfurt am Main. National flags were not used, but a red flag of international workers' movement. The best athletes were awarded with diplomas, they did not receive medals like in the Olympic Games. The visiting athletes stayed mostly at private accommodation of local families.","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"9246457","text":"an agreement, and Prof. Venkatachala still does so. The two new members, Dr. De and Dr. Tejaswi, function from the HBCSE, where the IMO Training Camp is also held and from where co-ordination for the outgoing team is managed. Mathematical Olympiad Cell The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has three main members: There are a number of other faculty who work part-time in conjunction with the MO","title":"Mathematical Olympiad Cell"},{"docid":"9297313","text":"and international competitions science competitions. Mathematical Grammar School students had won several hundred medals from top international competitions around the world. They won 121 medals at International Science Olympiads, about the same number at Junior Olympiads, and about double that number at other top competitions, mostly in USSR, Russia, China, India, and Europe. MGB students have won many national and international awards. In 2009 only, during July and August, students of Mathematical Grammar School have won 12 medals in International Olympiads: 5 medals in Olympiads in Mathematics, 4 medals in International Physics Olympiad, 3 medals in International Olympiad in Informatics,","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"17426202","text":"Austria and 16 teams took part at the football tournament. Leading scorer was Erwin Seeler, the father of famous German striker Uwe Seeler. He scored seven goals on a quarterfinal match against Hungary as the German team beat the Hungarians 9–0. 1937 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Antwerp, Belgium. It was a joint event with the Spartakiads. Participating teams came from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Soviet Union, Spanish Republican faction and Switzerland. A delegation from Soviet Union was competing at the Olympiads for the first time. German athletes did not participate since","title":"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"9297307","text":"Olympiads in Mathematics, Physics, Informatics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Earth Sciences: its students have won more than 400 medals so far, on all 5 continents of the world. Latest examples include: 12 medals in 2009 in International Science Olympiads only, around 25 medals in total in 2009 alone, 23 medals in 2010 in International Science Olympiads only, around 40 medals in total in 2010 alone. In 2010, as well as in 2009, Mathematical Gymnasium won the first prize and title of \"Absolute Winner\" at international competition in Moscow, organized by Special School \"Kolmogorov\" under Moscow State University – Lomonosov (Специализированный учебно-научный","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"9246456","text":"Mathematical Olympiad Cell The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has three main members: There are a number of other faculty who work part-time in conjunction with the MO Cell by sending problems for the Olympiads, participating in training activities, going as Leader/Deputy Leader, and participating in regional co-ordination. The members of the MO Cell used to operate solely from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, based on","title":"Mathematical Olympiad Cell"},{"docid":"7404492","text":"grades 7-8, though 4-6 graders may participate in Middle School problems. Hundreds of thousands of students participate annually in MOEMS events. MOEMS plans soon to develop an online teacher training program. MOEMS founder George Lenchner, died after decades in service to the math education community. Lenchner had written several books on elementary problem solving used by many MOEMS teachers and students. His obituary was featured in the Sunday New York Times on May 14, 2006. The current MOEMS Director is Richard Kalman who also worked with the American Regions Mathematics League for many years. Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle","title":"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools"},{"docid":"9297335","text":"Mathematical Gymnasium, led 2010 UK National Team, from her chair at University of Cambridge, where she obtained her PhD. European Physical Society, in its Euro Physics News Magazine, published an article \"Inspiring Physics in Mathematical Grammar School\" about Physics teacher Nataša Čaluković from Mathematical Grammar School, and about results of Physics department of MGB. Authors, themselves distinguished physicists from University of Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, and Institute of Physics Belgrade and former students of Mathematical Grammar School and of professor Nataša Čaluković, claim professor Čaluković's students made 36 appearances at the International Physics Olympiads, and were honored two","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"17399483","text":"thousands of workers and amateurs every two years. The CSIT (International Workers and Amateurs in Sports Confederation) is an international Multi-Sports Organization. The Workers' Olympiads were created as a counterweight for the Olympic Games, which were criticized for being confined for the upper social classes and privileged people. The international workers' sports movement did not believe that the true Olympic spirit could be achieved in an Olympic movement dominated by the aristocratic leadership. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic Committee, had always opposed women's participation and supported the cultural superiority of white Europeans over other races. His followers,","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"2939225","text":"could participate in teams and individually. This round was organized by Soviet Ministry of Education. This round was usually conducted at the end of the school year. The winners were awarded with the diplomas. Material prizes were minor and usually included scientific books that were otherwise difficult to obtain. Vladimir Drinfeld who was later awarded a 1990 Fields medal for the development of quantum groups is considered by many as the most outstanding \"mathematical sportsman\" in the history of the All-Union Mathematical Olympiads. His first scientific publication was based on a generalization of an Olympic problem. Many other winners of","title":"Soviet Student Olympiads"},{"docid":"9297317","text":"1 honorable mention. In All Russian Mathematical Competition, organized by the Kolmogorov Special School, Mathematical Grammar School won \"The Absolute First Prize in all categories\", and one of MGB students, Teodor von Burg, won the gold medal, first prize, and maximum number of points. This is the 2nd time MGB wins the Kolmogorov competition. Students of Mathematical Grammar School have won many other prizes in addition to the International Science Olympiads. As part of the \"27 Club\", which Erste Bank implemented for the third consecutive year in 2010, with the aim to promote talented young people and help them to","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"9478218","text":"on Mathematical Education, ICME. The executive committee is appointed by the general assembly of IMU for four-year terms. These include multi-national organisations, which are independent from ICMI and have interests in the field of mathematics. There are currently four multinational Mathematical Education Societies: And six international Study Groups which have obtained affiliation with ICMI: International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is an international event which is held every four years under the auspices of ICMI. The congress looks at the development of mathematical education across the world. The last ICME was held in Hamburg","title":"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction"},{"docid":"17399486","text":"International Workers' Olympiads were more than just a games for the top athletes. The festival was based on a mass participation, it did not restrict entry on the grounds of sporting ability. 1931 Workers' Summer Olympiad in Vienna was the largest event with the participation of 100,000 athletes from 26 countries. The Vienna Workers' Olympiad attracted some 250,000 spectators. It was much bigger event than the 1932 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles, both in number of participants as well as spectators. Praterstadion (now Ernst-Happel-Stadion) was constructed between 1929 and 1931 for the 1931 Olympiad. The last Workers' Olympiad at Antwerp","title":"International Workers' Olympiads"},{"docid":"10056651","text":"mathematics education. The scientific program typically consists of plenary activities, regular lectures, survey teams, topic study groups, discussion groups, workshops, poster presentations, national presentations, etc. The regular lectures are held by experienced researchers or educators who have been invited, whereas most of the other activities are open for registration. Past editions of ICME have taken place at: International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is held every four years under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) of the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The Congress is planned and organized by separate committees,","title":"International Congress on Mathematical Education"},{"docid":"7941313","text":"to send a team to the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). Bangladeshi students have participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad since 2005. Besides arranging Divisional and National Math Olympiads, BdMOC always extends its cooperation to all interested groups and individuals who want to arrange a Mathematics Olympiad. The Bangladesh Math Olympiad and the selection of the Bangladeshi national team for the IMO is bounded by rules set by the BdMOC, called BdMO Regulations. The Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad is open for school and college students from the country. The competitions usually take place around December–January–February. In IMO 2014, the Bangladesh team achieved","title":"Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"12881226","text":"Country events. The club is affiliated to South of England Athletics Association and England Athletics. In 2013, after holding a test event in 2012, Yeovil Olympiads hosted the International Association for Ultra-Multievents World Championships from 24-25 August, consisting of an icosathlon and tetradecathlon. The club vest has an orange body with dark blue sides. Club athletes typically wear black shorts. Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club was the first track and field athletics club in Yeovil, Somerset, England. The club is based at the Bill Whistlecroft Athletics Arena, formerly Yeovil Arena before it was renamed on 14 September","title":"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club"},{"docid":"8766793","text":"national team for IMO After successfully completing the school and regional rounds, roughly 50 best participants are invited to the national round, where 10 best students are selected to participate in a week-long selection campus. Each day they solve a set of 3-4 problems, taken mainly from the past national olympiads of various countries. On the last day they have to find the answers (this time in form of a number) to rather large set of shorter problems under significant time-pressure. After that the team is selected and before the actual IMO, it competes in traditional Czech-Slovak-Polish Mathematical Contest where","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"8766796","text":"team is not uniquely determined after the seven exams). Hong Kong first joined IMO in 1988. In Hong Kong, the International Mathematical Olympiad Preliminary Selection Contest is held every year. Around 60 students are selected to receive further training, after three phases of which six students will be selected as the Hong Kong team members, and six will be selected as reserve members. The further training is also known as phase four training. Iceland first joined the IMO in 1985. In Iceland, the Icelandic Mathematical Olympiad for Secondary School Students (Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema) was first held in the winter of 1984-1985,","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"9297304","text":"Mathematical Grammar School Mathematical Grammar School (, abbr. \"MG\" or \"MGB\"), is a special school for gifted and talented students of mathematics, physics and informatics located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is ranked number one at International Science Olympiads by the number of medals won by its students (more than 400). The School has developed its own Mathematical Grammar School Curriculum in various mathematics, physics, and IT subjects. There are approx. 160 professors employed, mostly scientists. One half of the professors come from University of Belgrade staff, Institute of Physics Belgrade, and Mathematical Institute of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"9297362","text":"the Mathematical Grammar School also prepared a monograph of the School, issued with assistance from the Institute for textbooks and teaching aids – Zavod . Mathematical Grammar School Mathematical Grammar School (, abbr. \"MG\" or \"MGB\"), is a special school for gifted and talented students of mathematics, physics and informatics located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is ranked number one at International Science Olympiads by the number of medals won by its students (more than 400). The School has developed its own Mathematical Grammar School Curriculum in various mathematics, physics, and IT subjects. There are approx. 160 professors employed, mostly scientists.","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"17739588","text":"became the first female president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. 1996: Joan Birman became the first woman to receive the Chauvenet Prize, which is awarded annually by the Mathematical Association of America to the author of an outstanding expository article on a mathematical topic by a member of the association. 1998: Melanie Wood became the first female American to make the U.S. International Math Olympiad Team. She won silver medals in the 1998 and 1999 International Mathematical Olympiads. 2002: Melanie Wood became the first American woman and second woman overall to be named a Putnam Fellow in","title":"Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States"},{"docid":"13663294","text":"International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP). The prize committee is appointed by the IAMP. The prize is awarded at the International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP) in recognition of a single achievement in Mathematical Physics, for scientists whose age is less than 35. A list of past congresses may be found here. International Association of Mathematical Physics The International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP) was founded in 1976 to promote research in mathematical physics. It brings together research mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including students. The association's ordinary members are individual researchers, although associate membership is available to organizations and companies.","title":"International Association of Mathematical Physics"},{"docid":"3212078","text":"International Biology Olympiad The International Biology Olympiad (IBO) is a science olympiad for high school students under the age of 20. The first academic international Olympiads after the (originally Eastern European-based) International Mathematical Olympiad were launched under the auspices of the United Nations in the 1960s. The programs have gradually expanded to include more than 70 participating countries across five continents. The IBO is one of these olympiads. All participating countries send the four winners of their National Biology Olympiad to the IBO, usually accompanied by two adults who are members of the international jury for the duration of the","title":"International Biology Olympiad"},{"docid":"10056650","text":"International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is held every four years under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) of the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The Congress is planned and organized by separate committees, which operate independently of the ICMI. The aim of the Congress is to present the current states and trends in mathematics education research and in the practice of mathematics teaching at all levels. The Congress will gather a broad spectrum of participants such as researchers in mathematics education, teacher trainers, practicing teachers, mathematicians, and others interested in","title":"International Congress on Mathematical Education"},{"docid":"12881224","text":"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club was the first track and field athletics club in Yeovil, Somerset, England. The club is based at the Bill Whistlecroft Athletics Arena, formerly Yeovil Arena before it was renamed on 14 September 2014. This club was founded in 1969. It has produced many international athletes since its creation. The first was Eric Berry who came 6th in the 1973 European Juniors in the hammer event. Olympians who started with the club include Max Robertson and Gary Jennings, both 400 metres hurdlers. In 2008, the senior men's section of the club was promoted","title":"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club"},{"docid":"3212079","text":"competition. Each year, the IBO is organised by a different country. International Biology Olympiad The International Biology Olympiad (IBO) is a science olympiad for high school students under the age of 20. The first academic international Olympiads after the (originally Eastern European-based) International Mathematical Olympiad were launched under the auspices of the United Nations in the 1960s. The programs have gradually expanded to include more than 70 participating countries across five continents. The IBO is one of these olympiads. All participating countries send the four winners of their National Biology Olympiad to the IBO, usually accompanied by two adults who","title":"International Biology Olympiad"},{"docid":"14358354","text":"the Netherlands launched the idea of an International Geography Competition (iGeo) or Olympiad for students between 15 and 19 years of age. The first one was held in 1996 in The Hague, Netherlands, with five participating countries. The participant count grew to 24 countries with the 2008 competition in Carthage, Tunisia. Before 2012, the International Science Olympiads were held every two years, and some regional geography Olympiads were held during intervening years. These include the Asia Pacific Regional Geography Olympiads (APRGO), which were held in 2007 (Hsinchu, Taiwan), 2009 (Tsukuba, Japan), and 2011 (Merida, Mexico), and the Central European Regional","title":"International Geography Olympiad"},{"docid":"4783211","text":"Mathematical Kangaroo Mathematical Kangaroo (also known as International Mathematical Kangaroo, or Kangourou sans frontières in French) is an international mathematical competition where over 50 countries are represented. There are twelve levels of participation, ranging from grade 1 to grade 12. The competition is held annually on the third Thursday of March. According to the organizers, the key competence tested by Mathematical Kangaroo is logical combination, not just pure knowledge of formulas. It is the largest competition for school students in the world, with over 5 million participants from 47 countries in 2009, and 6 million by 2014. The competition was","title":"Mathematical Kangaroo"},{"docid":"4783215","text":"and organized nationally. Special prizes are given for the “longest kangaroo jump” (i.e., the highest number of consecutive correct answers) for each school. Elisabeth Mellroth has investigated the use of mathematical competencies in the mathematical kangaroo. Mathematical Kangaroo Mathematical Kangaroo (also known as International Mathematical Kangaroo, or Kangourou sans frontières in French) is an international mathematical competition where over 50 countries are represented. There are twelve levels of participation, ranging from grade 1 to grade 12. The competition is held annually on the third Thursday of March. According to the organizers, the key competence tested by Mathematical Kangaroo is logical","title":"Mathematical Kangaroo"},{"docid":"13663292","text":"International Association of Mathematical Physics The International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP) was founded in 1976 to promote research in mathematical physics. It brings together research mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including students. The association's ordinary members are individual researchers, although associate membership is available to organizations and companies. The IAMP is governed by an executive committee elected by the ordinary members. The association sponsors the International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP), which takes place every three years, and it also supports smaller conferences and workshops. There is a quarterly news bulletin. IAMP currently awards two kinds of research prizes in","title":"International Association of Mathematical Physics"},{"docid":"198351","text":"for Women in Mathematics formula_1 as a satellite event of ICM. The International Commission on the History of Mathematics (ICHM) is operated jointly by the IMU and the Division of the History of Science (DHS) of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS). The Committee on Electronic Information and Communication (CEIC) advises IMU on matters concerning mathematical information, communication, and publishing. The scientific prizes awarded by the IMU are deemed to be the highest distinctions in the mathematical world. The opening ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is where the awards are presented: Fields Medals","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"20045444","text":"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science MFCS, the International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science is an academic conference organized annually since 1972. The topics of the conference cover the entire field of theoretical computer science. Up to 2012, the conference was held in different locations in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, but since MFCS 2013, it travels around Europe. All contributions are strongly peer-reviewed. In 1974–2015, the articles appeared in proceedings published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. Beginning in 2016, the proceedings are instead published by the Leibniz International Proceedings in","title":"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science"},{"docid":"2939226","text":"the Mathematical Olympiad became outstanding mathematicians and physicists. Yuri Matiyasevich who solved the 10th Hilbert problem in 1970 was the absolute winner of the 1964 Olympiad. Grisha Perelman also had an exceptional Olympic record. Contests were conducted on several subject of Soviet higher education curriculum such as Math, Physics, Programming. These Olympiads had several rounds. The rounds were formed following Soviet Union's administrative structure. So, there were University, Republican and All-Union rounds. There was one contest for all students regardless of their year in the university. Every university was supposed to have its own competition. Judges were from faculty staff.","title":"Soviet Student Olympiads"},{"docid":"198347","text":"International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians. Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries. The objectives of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) and other international scientific meetings/conferences, acknowledging outstanding research contributions to mathematics through the awarding of scientific prizes, and encouraging and supporting other international","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"9478215","text":"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Rome and aims to improve teaching standards around the world, through programs, workshops and initiatives and publications. It aims to work a great deal with developing countries, to increase teaching standards and education which can improve life quality and aid the country. ICMI was founded at the ICM, and mathematician Felix Klein was elected first president of","title":"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction"},{"docid":"198359","text":"(vice: Christiane Rousseau, Marcelo Viana) 2015–2018: Shigefumi Mori (vice: Alicia Dickenstein, Vaughan Jones) 2019–2022: Carlos Kenig (vice: Nalini Joshi, Loyiso Nongxa ) International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians. Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries. The objectives of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) and","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"198356","text":"and workshops in emerging countries, especially in Asia and Africa. IMU released a report in 2008, \"Mathematics in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities\", on the current state of mathematics in Africa and on opportunities for new initiatives to support mathematical development. In 2014, the IMU's Commission for Developing Countries CDC released an update of the report. Additionally, reports about \"Mathematics in Latin America and the Caribbean and South East Asia\". were published. In July 2014 IMU released the report: The International Mathematical Union in the Developing World: Past, Present and Future (July 2014). In 2014, the IMU held a day-long symposium","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"4539166","text":"Olympiads, in addition to winning awards including Arkwright Engineering Scholarships and Nuffield Research Placements (previously Nuffield Science Bursaries). Students have won scholarships for summer placements at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and research institutes in Heidelberg, Germany. British competition results include: Students have also competed in international competitions including the International Mathematical Olympiad, the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad, the European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad, the International Biology Olympiad, the International Rocketry Challenge, the European Union Contest for Young Scientists and the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. The Perse School began accepting girls at 11+ and 13+ in September 2010","title":"The Perse School"},{"docid":"20045445","text":"Informatics. Since 2012, the Steering Committee of the MFCS symposia series is chaired by Antonín Kučera. International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science MFCS, the International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science is an academic conference organized annually since 1972. The topics of the conference cover the entire field of theoretical computer science. Up to 2012, the conference was held in different locations in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, but since MFCS 2013, it travels around Europe. All contributions are strongly peer-reviewed. In 1974–2015, the articles appeared in proceedings published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer","title":"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science"},{"docid":"20068015","text":"before the participation in IMO, which is held from June to July. Korean Mathematical Olympiad The Korean Mathematical Olympiad is a Mathematical Olympiad held by the Korean Mathematical Society (KMS) in Republic of Korea. In 1988, only high school students were tested and middle school students were supposed to take the 'high school exam'. From the 11th exam, the middle school students' test was introduced (JKMO, Junior Korean Mathematical Olympiad). In the 53rd International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the Korean delegation won 209 out of 252 out of the total score and 6 gold medals and ranked the first place for","title":"Korean Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"2939219","text":"in the \"Science and Life\" (\"Наука и Жизнь\") popular science magazine. There were numerous other Olympiads in Moscow including interdisciplinary \"Lomonosov tour\". Besides, there were correspondence Olympiads, in particular, Olympiads carried out by some newspapers, journals and universities. One of the important correspondence Olympiads was organized by the Kvant magazine. Its winners were admitted to the Republican round of the All-Union Physics and Mathematics Olympiads. Also, there were team contests organized for schools to compete for District, City or Regional honors. There also was a \"Physics fight\" contest organized by the Moscow State University. In maths, there were contests organized","title":"Soviet Student Olympiads"},{"docid":"8589309","text":"International Linguistics Olympiad The International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) is the fourth newest of a group of twelve International Science Olympiads. Its abbreviation IOL is deliberately chosen not to correspond to the name of the organization in any particular language, and member organizations are free to choose for themselves how to designate the competition in their own language. This olympiad furthers the fields of mathematical, theoretical, and descriptive linguistics. The setup differs from most of the other Science Olympiads, in that the olympiad contains both individual and team contests. The individual contest consists of 5 problems, covering the main fields of","title":"International Linguistics Olympiad"},{"docid":"11009207","text":"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences The Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS) is an umbrella organization of seventeen professional societies in the mathematical sciences in the United States. It and its member societies are recognized by the International Mathematical Union as the national mathematical societies for their country. The CBMS was founded in 1960 as the successor organization to the six-organization Policy Committee for Mathematics (founded by the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Association of America as the War Policy Committee in 1942) and the 1958 Conference Organization of the Mathematical Sciences. As well as representing US","title":"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"19077846","text":"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge The International Mathematical Modeling Challenge (IMMC or sometimes IMC) is an international mathematical modeling competition for high school students in team mathematical modeling co-sponsored by COMAP and the NeoUnion ESC Organization. Teams are selected on a country-by-country basis, with each country sending its top two teams to the competition. The IMMC was inspired by the HiMCM, a similar contest sponsored by COMAP but mainly attracting teams within the United States. The HiMCM in turn was established in the 1990s to create a high school counterpart to COMAP’s MCM. Contestants in the IMMC are given five days","title":"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge"},{"docid":"8766818","text":"some are selected to \"IPST Camp 2\", finally, only 6 students will compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the UK, selection is through competitions and training camps under the auspices of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust, starting with the multiple-choice Senior Mathematical Challenge (SMC). The SMC is followed by the British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO), held in two rounds, but candidates who did not take part in the SMC or did not achieve the qualifying score may enter the BMO on payment of an entry fee and so be considered for the IMO team. After the two rounds of the","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"19077855","text":"2017 IMMC contest period will end on May 8, 2017 (national rounds within certain countries will end earlier). Results will be announced in June, and teams awarded the Outstanding designation will be honored. International Mathematical Modeling Challenge The International Mathematical Modeling Challenge (IMMC or sometimes IMC) is an international mathematical modeling competition for high school students in team mathematical modeling co-sponsored by COMAP and the NeoUnion ESC Organization. Teams are selected on a country-by-country basis, with each country sending its top two teams to the competition. The IMMC was inspired by the HiMCM, a similar contest sponsored by COMAP but","title":"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge"},{"docid":"19077847","text":"to research (the contest permits the use of any inanimate source) and write a mathematical paper detailing their mathematical model for a given situation. At the conclusion of the five-day period, papers are sent to an international expert committee composed of mathematics faculty from the world’s leading universities. Traditionally, 3-4 teams are awarded the top designation of Outstanding and invited to an awards ceremony, held in a different country each year. Each participating country is expected to choose its two best teams of four contestants each to compete in the IMMC. Globally, different methods have been used to select teams","title":"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge"},{"docid":"20068007","text":"Korean Mathematical Olympiad The Korean Mathematical Olympiad is a Mathematical Olympiad held by the Korean Mathematical Society (KMS) in Republic of Korea. In 1988, only high school students were tested and middle school students were supposed to take the 'high school exam'. From the 11th exam, the middle school students' test was introduced (JKMO, Junior Korean Mathematical Olympiad). In the 53rd International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the Korean delegation won 209 out of 252 out of the total score and 6 gold medals and ranked the first place for the first time in history. From then, Korean mathematicians have made outstanding","title":"Korean Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"9297308","text":"центр Московского государственного университета им.М.В.Ломоносова – Школа им.А.Н.Колмогорова). The School is ranked as number one school in the world in the field of mathematics, taking the lead from Russian Special School \"Kolmogorov\", (which operates under Moscow University), and is among the best 5 in physics and in informatics in the world, for its continuous success in International Science Olympiads. Mathematical Gymnasium stands out with its own curriculum, focusing on natural sciences, especially mathematics, physics, and computer programming. The School was established in 1966, following the model of Kolmogorov School at Moscow University which had been launched in Moscow a year","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"16847488","text":"and its Applications, the London Mathematical Society, and the Mathematical Association, each nominated two members. The BMOS replaced some of the Mathematical Association's activities. In 1996, the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust (UKMT) was set up to manage competitions of this nature, though the BMOC remained in charge of the senior olympiads. The 'problems group' is a subsection of the BMOS which is responsible for supplying new and interesting problems for use domestic competitions and for submission to the IMO each year. British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust The British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust (BMOS) is a section of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust","title":"British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust"},{"docid":"8766792","text":"competitions. Thirteen of these are selected to form the National Pre-Selection that trains for up to three months taking also exams out of which the best 6 are selected to form the National team. In a number of years the lack of financial support has allowed only the first member of the team to actually travel and compete in the International mathematical Olympiad. In Cyprus Four provincial competitions and a National (Pancyprian) competition are held every year. During this procedure 30 students are selected and Four Team Selection Tests are held to determine who will be the six member of","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"11009208","text":"mathematics at the IMU, it acts as a communication channel between its member societies and the US Government, and coordinates joint projects of its member societies. Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences The Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS) is an umbrella organization of seventeen professional societies in the mathematical sciences in the United States. It and its member societies are recognized by the International Mathematical Union as the national mathematical societies for their country. The CBMS was founded in 1960 as the successor organization to the six-organization Policy Committee for Mathematics (founded by the American Mathematical Society and","title":"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"21006242","text":"Israel Mathematical Union The Israel Mathematical Union (IMU) () is an association of professional mathematicians in Israel. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and has reciprocity membership agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The Union was founded on 2 March 1953 and held its first meeting with eleven short lectures on 28 September of that year. Early members included Binyamin Amirà, Michael Fekete, and Abraham Fraenkel, who represented the Union at the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam, as","title":"Israel Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"198348","text":"mathematical activities, considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical science in any of its aspects, whether pure, applied, or educational. The IMU was established in 1920, but dissolved in September 1932 and then re-established 1950 de facto at the Constitutive Convention in New York, de jure on September 10, 1951, when ten countries had become members. The last milestone was the General Assembly in March 1952, in Rome, Italy where the activities of the new IMU were inaugurated and the first Executive Committee, President and various commissions where elected. In 1952 the IMU was also readmitted to the","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"20343686","text":"the upper level for older students. Those who do well in the qualifier are invited to the final competition, held in March. Alongside honours and awards, the top students are selected to perform in various mathematical olympiads, including the Baltic Way, the Nordic Mathematical Contest, and the International Mathematical Olympiad. Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema is an annual mathematical olympiad first held in the winter of 1984–1985. It is hosted by the Íslenska Stærðfræðafélagið () and the Natural Sciences's Teacher Association, and the largest competition of its kind in the country. Its goals include increasing the interest of Icelandic secondary school","title":"Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema"},{"docid":"862575","text":"fewer students at each progressing test. Awards are given to approximately the top-scoring 50% of the individual contestants. Teams are not officially recognized—all scores are given only to individual contestants, but team scoring is unofficially compared more than individual scores. Contestants must be under the age of 20 and must not be registered at any tertiary institution. Subject to these conditions, an individual may participate any number of times in the IMO. The International Mathematical Olympiad is one of the most prestigious mathematical competitions in the world. In January 2011, Google sponsored €1 million to the International Mathematical Olympiad organization.","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"3723559","text":"Mathematics. The precursor to the EMS, the European Mathematical Council was founded in 1978 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki. This informal federation of mathematical societies was chaired by Sir Michael Atiyah. The European Mathematical Society was founded on 28 October 1990 in Mądralin near Warsaw, Poland, with Friedrich Hirzebruch as founding President. Initially, the EMS had 27 member societies. The first European Congress of Mathematics (ECM) was held at the Sorbonne and Panthéon-Sorbonne universities in Paris in 1992, and is now held every 4 years at different locations around Europe, organised by the EMS. The next ECM","title":"European Mathematical Society"},{"docid":"19078512","text":"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in 1902 in Washington D.C. to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. First Meeting In 1902, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association invited all National woman suffrage organizations which existed at that date, to send an accredited delegate to attend a mass meeting which should be held in Washington, D. C., to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. This meeting was held in February of that year and six national associations were represented, namely: Canada,","title":"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance"},{"docid":"3985871","text":"ethics. Admission to undergraduate programmes is based on one of five acceptance modes, namely Joint Entrance Examination (Main) (JEE (Main)), the institute's own Undergraduate Engineering Entrance Examination (UGEE) and interview, representing India in the International Olympiads during class XI and XII (including International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI), International Physics Olympiad (IPhO), International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO), International Biology Olympiad (IBO), International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO), International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) / Paninian Linguistics Olympiad (PLO)), Direct Admissions for Students Abroad (DASA) and lateral entry admissions to dual-degree programmes through entrance examination and interview. Admissions for postgraduate studies are","title":"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad"},{"docid":"6557044","text":"including FIST 2 (1985), Second International Selection Test (SIST), Reading Selection Test (1987), Final Selection Test (FST, 1992 to 2001) and First Selection Test (FST, from 2002); the fourth-stage tests have been Team Selection Test (TST, 2001) and Next Selection Test (NST, 2002 onwards). These tests have been held at training and selection camps in several locations, recently Trinity College, Cambridge and Oundle School. British Mathematical Olympiad The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United","title":"British Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"16353348","text":"International Commission on the History of Mathematics The International Commission on the History of Mathematics was established in 1971 to promote the study of history of mathematics. Kenneth O. May provided its initial impetus. In 1974 its official journal Historia Mathematica began publishing. Every four years the Commission bestows the Kenneth O. May Medal upon a deserving historian of mathematics. In 1981 in Bucharest, the first in a series of symposia was held in conjunction with the International Congress of History of Science. In 1985 the ICHM became an inter-union commission of both the International Mathematical Union and the International","title":"International Commission on the History of Mathematics"},{"docid":"21006243","text":"well as Shmuel Agmon, Jacob Levitzki, and Dov Jarden. The Israel Mathematical Union awards three major prizes: Israel Mathematical Union The Israel Mathematical Union (IMU) () is an association of professional mathematicians in Israel. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and has reciprocity membership agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The Union was founded on 2 March 1953 and held its first meeting with eleven short lectures on 28 September of that year. Early members included Binyamin Amirà, Michael Fekete,","title":"Israel Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"3145650","text":"+ 10*(AIME Score). Cutoffs, based on AMC 12 indices, are determined so that approximately 260-270 students qualify for the USAMO. Cutoffs, based on AMC 10 indices, are determined so that approximately 230-240 students qualify for the USAJMO. If a student took the AMC 10 and 12 (i.e. AMC 10A and 12B or AMC 12A and 10B) and qualified for both the USAMO and USAJMO, the student must take the USAMO. Since 2011, the goal has been to select approximately 500 students total for the two Olympiads where 270 students qualify for the USA Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) and 230 students qualify","title":"United States of America Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"18311581","text":"International Association for Mathematical Geosciences The International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG) is a nonprofit organization of geoscientists. The aim of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences is to promote international cooperation in the application and use of mathematics in geological research and technology. IAMG's activities are to organize meetings, issue of publications on the application of mathematics in the geological sciences, extend cooperation with other organizations professionally concerned with applications of mathematics and statistics to the biological sciences, earth sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, and planetary sciences. IAMG is a not for profit 501(c)(3) organization. The IAMG was established in","title":"International Association for Mathematical Geosciences"},{"docid":"9478227","text":"published in several languages and a blog which includes many materials for mathematics teachers to be used in the class room. International Commission on Mathematical Instruction The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Rome and aims to improve teaching standards around the world, through programs, workshops and initiatives and publications. It aims to work a great deal with developing countries, to increase teaching standards and education which can improve","title":"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction"},{"docid":"8766797","text":"and his been an annual occurrence ever since. It is hosted by the Icelandic Mathematical Organization and the Natural Sciences's Teacher Association. Its goals include increasing the interest of Icelandic secondary school students towards mathematics, and other fields built on a mathematical foundation. The contest is held in two parts every winter. First, a qualifier held in October of every year on two difficulty levels; upper level, and lower level. The lower level is intended for first year secondary school students, and the upper level for older students. Those who do well in the qualifier are invited to the final","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"2939216","text":"Soviet Student Olympiads Soviet Student Olympiad was an annual set of contests for students in USSR. There were two separate multi-round competitions every year: for higher education (universities) and general education (starting from 7th to 10th/11th grade). Both competitions had several rounds, and winners from lower rounds would go to the next round. Not only individual members, but teams were awarded too. The main difference between two Olympiads was that the school one had separate threads for every grade, while the university one was for all students. Both Olympiads had the same format of the contests. Students would come in","title":"Soviet Student Olympiads"},{"docid":"2804257","text":"International Chemistry Olympiad The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual academic competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IChO was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968. The event has been held every year since then, with the exception of 1971. The delegations that attended the first events were mostly countries of the former Eastern bloc and it was not until 1980, the 12th annual International Chemistry Olympiad, that the event was held outside of the bloc in Austria. Up to 4 students for each national team compete around July in both","title":"International Chemistry Olympiad"},{"docid":"14358355","text":"Geography Olympiads (CERIGEO). Since 2013, the International Geography Olympiad, in concordance with the other Olympiads, has been held on a yearly basis. At the most recent iGeo, held in Quebec City, Canada between July and August 2018, there were 43 participating countries. The next Olympiad is the 2019 iGeo, which will be held in Hong Kong, China in August 2019. The participating countries and regions in the 2018 International Geography Olympiad are: </div> The names used are the standard names officially used by the International Geographical Union, based on the roster list for the 2017 International Geography Olympiad in Belgrade.","title":"International Geography Olympiad"},{"docid":"11016216","text":"The Mathematical Diary The Mathematical Diary was an early American mathematical journal and mathematics magazine, published between 1825 and 1833. The \"Mathematical Diary\" was founded by Robert Adrain at Columbia College (now Columbia University) after two unsuccessful attempts, in 1808 and 1814, to start a more purely academic mathematics journal, \"The Analyst, or, Mathematical Museum\". The \"Mathematical Diary\" contained, in addition to some serious mathematics, articles of general interest such as mathematical puzzles aimed at the amateur problem-solver, which may have helped it attract more laypeople as subscribers and contributed to its greater longevity. Adrain edited the first four issues;","title":"The Mathematical Diary"},{"docid":"8589310","text":"theoretical, mathematical and applied linguistics – phonetics, morphology, semantics, syntax, sociolinguistics, etc. – which must be solved in six hours. The team contest has consisted of one extremely difficult and time-consuming problem since the 2nd IOL. Teams, which generally consist of four students, are given three to four hours to solve this problem. Like nearly all International Science Olympiads, its problems are translated and completed in several languages and as such must be written free of any native language constraints. However, unlike other olympiads, the translations are provided by the multilingual Problem Committee, a body of experts independent of the","title":"International Linguistics Olympiad"},{"docid":"6533958","text":"Indian National Mathematical Olympiad The Indian National Mathematical Olympiad (INMO) is a high school mathematics competition held annually in India since 1989. It is the second tier in the Indian team selection procedure for the International Mathematical Olympiad and is conducted by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) under the aegis of the National Board of Higher Mathematics (NBHM). The INMO is conducted by the MO Cell which is held on the third Sunday of January at 30 centers across the country. Prospective candidates first need to write the Regional Mathematical Olympiad(known as RMO) of their respective state","title":"Indian National Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"9273405","text":"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences The International Centre for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS) is a mathematical research centre based in Edinburgh. According to its website, the Centre is \"designed to bring together mathematicians and practitioners in science, industry and commerce for research workshops and other meetings.\" The Centre was jointly established in 1990 by the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, under the supervision of Professor Elmer Rees, with initial support from Edinburgh District Council, the Scottish Development Agency and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. In April 1994 the Centre moved to 14 India Street, Edinburgh, the birthplace of James","title":"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"15601544","text":"2013, where ASSMS was supposed to be its initial secretariat. At the high school level, the school initiated the training camps for preparation and selection of the national team of Pakistan to compete at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). The school continued to organize these training camps until 2014. The national team of Pakistan competed at IMO for the very first time in 2005, won its first medal in 2007 and its first silver medal in 2013. Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences The Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences (AS-SMS) is an autonomous institute affiliated with the Government College","title":"Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"18610472","text":"\"Spitalfields Days\" organised by, among others, the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, Mathematics Research Centre, Warwick, and International Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Edinburgh. Spitalfields Mathematical Society The Spitalfields Mathematical Society was founded in 1717 by Joseph Middleton. The society had 64 members when it was established, and at first meetings were held in the Monmouth's Head, a public house in the Spitalfields district of London.<ref name=\"JOC/EFR\"></ref> Fellows of the society were drawn from artisans and craftsmen such as weavers, apothecaries, brewers, ironmongers, stockbrokers, and makers of optical and mathematical instruments. Well-known members included John Canton, John Dollond, Thomas Simpson, John Crosley,","title":"Spitalfields Mathematical Society"},{"docid":"9297318","text":"get well-deserved public recognition for their work and the results, 2010 year's award winners were declared. In the category of science, the winner of a Grand Prize was Luka Milićević, and the winner of Erste Bank Prize in the field of natural and technical sciences and technology was Dušan Milijančević. Both students are final year students of D-division of Mathematical Grammar School. At Microsoft's Imagine Cup, students of Mathematical Grammar School were in finals, among top 6 teams in the world. Other numerous medals from the Balkans Olympiads in Mathematics, Physics and Informatics are being won every year. The Men","title":"Mathematical Grammar School"},{"docid":"6557037","text":"British Mathematical Olympiad The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust. There are two rounds, the BMO1 and the BMO2. The first round of the BMO is held in December, and from 2006 is an open entry competition, costing £17 to enter. However, this fee is waived for those who (1) achieve the qualifying mark in the Senior Mathematical Challenge and (2) are British citizens, or will have studied for 3 full","title":"British Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"19078516","text":"was embodied the complete plan for organization, was submitted to each National Suffrage Association, and delegates to the Berlin meeting were to come with the advice and instruction of their respective societies. First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in 1902 in Washington D.C. to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. First Meeting In 1902, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association invited all National woman suffrage organizations which existed at that date, to send an accredited delegate to attend a mass meeting which should be held","title":"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance"},{"docid":"862590","text":"Tao also holds the distinction of being the youngest medalist with his 1986 bronze medal, alongside 2009 bronze medalist Raúl Chávez Sarmiento (Peru), at the age of 10 and 11 respectively. Representing the United States, Noam Elkies won a gold medal with a perfect paper at the age of 14 in 1981. Note that both Elkies and Tao could have participated in the IMO multiple times following their success, but entered university and therefore became ineligible. The current ten countries with the best all-time results are as follows: International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual six-problem","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"7563054","text":"magazine, \"Kaiho\", and a monthly newsletter, \"Notices from the ISMS\". International Society for Mathematical Sciences The International Society for Mathematical Sciences is a mathematics society, primarily based in Japan. It was formerly known as the Japanese Association of Mathematical Sciences, and was founded in 1948 by Tatsujiro Shimizu. The ISMS publishes a bimonthly scientific journal, \"Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae\" (), which was formed in 2001 from the merger of two journals previously published by the same society, \"Mathematica Japonica\", founded in 1948, and \"Scientiae Mathematicae\", which published nine issues over three volumes in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In addition the ISMS","title":"International Society for Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"7563053","text":"International Society for Mathematical Sciences The International Society for Mathematical Sciences is a mathematics society, primarily based in Japan. It was formerly known as the Japanese Association of Mathematical Sciences, and was founded in 1948 by Tatsujiro Shimizu. The ISMS publishes a bimonthly scientific journal, \"Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae\" (), which was formed in 2001 from the merger of two journals previously published by the same society, \"Mathematica Japonica\", founded in 1948, and \"Scientiae Mathematicae\", which published nine issues over three volumes in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In addition the ISMS holds an annual meeting and publishes a Japanese language mathematics","title":"International Society for Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"198354","text":"the business of the Union. The EC consists of the President, two Vice-Presidents, the Secretary, six Members-at-Large, all elected for a term of four years, and the Past President. The EC is responsible for all policy matters and for tasks, such as choosing the members of the ICM Program Committee and various prize committees. Every two months IMU publishes an electronic newsletter, \"IMU-Net\", that aims to improve communication between IMU and the worldwide mathematical community by reporting on decisions and recommendations of the Union, major international mathematical events and developments, and on other topics of general mathematical interest. IMU Bulletins","title":"International Mathematical Union"},{"docid":"862582","text":"in its own right. For high scorers in the final competition for the team selection, there also is a summer camp, like that of China. In countries of the former Soviet Union and other eastern European countries, a team has in the past been chosen several years beforehand, and they are given special training specifically for the event. However, such methods have been discontinued in some countries. In Ukraine, for instance, selection tests consist of four olympiads comparable to the IMO by difficulty and schedule. While identifying the winners, only the results of the current selection olympiads are considered. The","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad"},{"docid":"8766781","text":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad. The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university. Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen. Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"2939218","text":"school curriculum such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and others. These Olympiads had several levels based on Soviet Union's administrative structure. These were: School, District (\"Raion\"), City, Regional (\"Oblast\"), Republican and All-Union contests. These competitions were organized separate for every school grade. Depending on the subject and geographical region the highest round of the Olympiads varied from the All-Union level in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry to the Regional level in some other disciplines. In addition, at certain time Moscow carried out joint \"Olympiads in Linguistics and Mathematics\" (Олимпиада по языкознанию и математике). After each such Olympiad its problems were printed","title":"Soviet Student Olympiads"},{"docid":"9273406","text":"Clerk Maxwell and home of the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation. In 2010 it relocated to 15 South College Street to accommodate larger events. The current scientific director (appointed in 2016) is Professor Paul Glendinning. International Centre for Mathematical Sciences The International Centre for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS) is a mathematical research centre based in Edinburgh. According to its website, the Centre is \"designed to bring together mathematicians and practitioners in science, industry and commerce for research workshops and other meetings.\" The Centre was jointly established in 1990 by the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, under the supervision of Professor Elmer","title":"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences"},{"docid":"8766822","text":"Vietnam TST will be the 6 competitors for IMO. There are two math associations: ATCCM (Association Tunisienne de Culture et Competitions Mathematique) and ATSM(Association Tunisienne des Sciences Mathematiques) . Each one has its own tests and have the right to choose 3 competitors for IMO. International Mathematical Olympiad selection process This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad. The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university. Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between","title":"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process"},{"docid":"5402824","text":"Mathematical Olympiad Program The Mathematical Olympiad Program (abbreviated MOP, formerly called the Mathematical Olympiad Summer Program, abbreviated MOSP) is an intensive summer program held at Carnegie Mellon University. The main purpose of MOP, held since 1974, is to select and train the six members of the U.S. team for the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). Students qualify for the program by taking the United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO). The top twelve American scorers from all grades form the \"black\" group. The approximately eighteen next highest American scorers among students from 11th grade and under form the \"blue\" group. In","title":"Mathematical Olympiad Program"},{"docid":"14358353","text":"to get to know their fellow students and explore the host city. The International Geography Olympiad is organised by the International Geographical Union (IGU) Olympiad Task Force, who produce tests with reference to the local organisers and the international board. After the first iGeo in 1996, it was recommended that the competition was held biennially. Due to the competition growing in popularity, since 2012 the competition has been held annually, rather than biennially, as is the case with the other large International Science Olympiads. During the 1994 Congress of the International Geographical Union (IGU) in Prague, people from Poland and","title":"International Geography Olympiad"},{"docid":"19816127","text":"Nairi Sedrakyan Nairi Sedrakyan (born 1961 in Ninotsminda, USSR) is an Armenian mathematician involved in national and international Olympiads of mathematics, having been the president of the Armenian Mathematics Olympiads, the Leader of Armenian IMO Team, a jury member and problem selection committee member of the International Mathematical Olympiad, a jury member and problem selection committee member of the Zhautykov International Mathematical Olympiad (IZhO), a jury member and problem selection committee member of the International Olympiad of Metropolises, the president of the International Mathematical Olympiad Tournament of the Towns. He has also authored a large number of problems proposed in","title":"Nairi Sedrakyan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"docid\": \"19858581\",\n \"text\": \"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads Thailand first participated at the International Science Olympiad (ISO)—a group of academic competitions for secondary school students—in 1989, when it sent representatives to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad in Germany. Since then, it has expanded to send representatives to every branch of the annual competition. Selection as the country's representatives for the ISO is highly competitive, and involves multiple steps of examinations and academic training camps organised by the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST) and the Promotion of Academic Olympiads and Development of Science Education Foundation (POSN). Country\",\n \"title\": \"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19858582\",\n \"text\": \"representatives are awarded international scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies in their fields. In addition to the International Mathematical Olympiad, Thailand first sent representatives to the International Physics Olympiad and International Chemistry Olympiad in 1990, the International Olympiad in Informatics and International Biology Olympiad in 1991, the International Astronomy Olympiad and International Junior Science Olympiad, and the International Geography Olympiad in 2015. Thailand will first send representatives to the International Philosophy Olympiad in 2018. Thailand at the International Science Olympiads Thailand first participated at the International Science Olympiad (ISO)—a group of academic competitions for secondary school students—in 1989, when it\",\n \"title\": \"Thailand at the International Science Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766798\",\n \"text\": \"competition, held in March. Alongside honours and awards, the top students are selected to perform in various mathematical olympiads, including the Baltic Way, the Nordic Mathematical Contest, and the International Mathematical Olympiad. In Indonesia, National Mathematical Olympiad is held as a part of National Science Olympiad (Olimpiade Sains Nasional), and has been held annually since 2002. About 100-120 students who pass the province-level test will be eligible to participate in the National Mathematical Olympiad, which is held in August or September. About thirty students are chosen to get into the first training camp, which is held at October through November.\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399484\",\n \"text\": \"Henri de Baillet-Latour and Avery Brundage, were openly anti-semitic and both collaborated with the Nazis. On the contrary, the Workers' Olympiads opposed all kinds of chauvinism, sexism, racism and social exclusiveness. The Olympic Games were based in rivalry between the nations, but the Workers' Olympiads stressed internationalism, friendship, solidarity and peace. The Lucerne Sport International (later known as Socialist Workers' Sport International) was established in Lucerne, Switzerland in 1920. The first unofficial Workers' Olympiads were held a year later in Prague, Czechoslovakia. The IOC had banned the losing side of the World War I from the 1920 Summer Olympics (Germany\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17426201\",\n \"text\": \"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads Association football was included in every three editions of International Workers' Summer Olympiads in 1925, 1931 and 1937 as a men's competition sport. Tournaments were played as a single-elimination tournament. Countries were represented by selected teams of their workers' sports associations and the players were mostly amateurs. Exception was the Soviet team in 1937 as it was represented by Spartak Moscow. 1925 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Participating teams in the football tournament were Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany and Switzerland. 1931 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Vienna,\",\n \"title\": \"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7404491\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools (MOEMS) is a worldwide math competition, organized by a not for profit foundation with the same name. It is held yearly from November through March with one test administered each month. Tests are given at individual schools and results are sent to MOEMS for scoring. Schools, home schools and institutions may participate in the contest. Two dozen other nations also participate in the competition. There are two divisions, Elementary and Middle School. Elementary level problems are for grades 4-6 and Middle School level problems are for\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17426203\",\n \"text\": \"labor sports organisations were disbanded in Germany by the Nazi regime in 1933. The Soviet Union was represented by Spartak Moscow. Note: the results are not complete. Football at the International Workers' Olympiads Association football was included in every three editions of International Workers' Summer Olympiads in 1925, 1931 and 1937 as a men's competition sport. Tournaments were played as a single-elimination tournament. Countries were represented by selected teams of their workers' sports associations and the players were mostly amateurs. Exception was the Soviet team in 1937 as it was represented by Spartak Moscow. 1925 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held\",\n \"title\": \"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399487\",\n \"text\": \"in 1937 was a joint event with the Red Sport International organized Spartakiads. Note: the table below is incomplete. Only the participating countries of 1925 and 1937 Winter Olympiads and 1925 Summer Olympiads are correct. International Workers' Olympiads International Workers' Olympiads were an international sporting event arranged between 1925 and 1937 by Socialist Workers' Sport International (SASI). It was an organisation supported by social democratic parties and International Federation of Trade Unions. Workers' Olympiads were an alternate event for the Olympic Games. The participants were members of various labor sports associations and came mostly from Europe. Nowadays the CSIT World\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399482\",\n \"text\": \"International Workers' Olympiads International Workers' Olympiads were an international sporting event arranged between 1925 and 1937 by Socialist Workers' Sport International (SASI). It was an organisation supported by social democratic parties and International Federation of Trade Unions. Workers' Olympiads were an alternate event for the Olympic Games. The participants were members of various labor sports associations and came mostly from Europe. Nowadays the CSIT World Sports Games are the successor sports events of the International Workers' Olympiads. The \\\"World Sports Games\\\" is the main highlight and a new Brand of the CSIT. It is a unique major sports event for\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399485\",\n \"text\": \"even from the 1924 games), but the Workers's Olympiads were open for the \\\"enemy\\\" side as well. The number of participating countries was thirteen. The first official Worker's Olympiads were the 1925 winter games in the German town of Schreiberhau, which today is a part of Poland. They were followed by the first Summer Olympiads in Frankfurt am Main. National flags were not used, but a red flag of international workers' movement. The best athletes were awarded with diplomas, they did not receive medals like in the Olympic Games. The visiting athletes stayed mostly at private accommodation of local families.\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9246457\",\n \"text\": \"an agreement, and Prof. Venkatachala still does so. The two new members, Dr. De and Dr. Tejaswi, function from the HBCSE, where the IMO Training Camp is also held and from where co-ordination for the outgoing team is managed. Mathematical Olympiad Cell The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has three main members: There are a number of other faculty who work part-time in conjunction with the MO\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Olympiad Cell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297313\",\n \"text\": \"and international competitions science competitions. Mathematical Grammar School students had won several hundred medals from top international competitions around the world. They won 121 medals at International Science Olympiads, about the same number at Junior Olympiads, and about double that number at other top competitions, mostly in USSR, Russia, China, India, and Europe. MGB students have won many national and international awards. In 2009 only, during July and August, students of Mathematical Grammar School have won 12 medals in International Olympiads: 5 medals in Olympiads in Mathematics, 4 medals in International Physics Olympiad, 3 medals in International Olympiad in Informatics,\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17426202\",\n \"text\": \"Austria and 16 teams took part at the football tournament. Leading scorer was Erwin Seeler, the father of famous German striker Uwe Seeler. He scored seven goals on a quarterfinal match against Hungary as the German team beat the Hungarians 9–0. 1937 Workers' Summer Olympiad was held in Antwerp, Belgium. It was a joint event with the Spartakiads. Participating teams came from Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Soviet Union, Spanish Republican faction and Switzerland. A delegation from Soviet Union was competing at the Olympiads for the first time. German athletes did not participate since\",\n \"title\": \"Football at the International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297307\",\n \"text\": \"Olympiads in Mathematics, Physics, Informatics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Earth Sciences: its students have won more than 400 medals so far, on all 5 continents of the world. Latest examples include: 12 medals in 2009 in International Science Olympiads only, around 25 medals in total in 2009 alone, 23 medals in 2010 in International Science Olympiads only, around 40 medals in total in 2010 alone. In 2010, as well as in 2009, Mathematical Gymnasium won the first prize and title of \\\"Absolute Winner\\\" at international competition in Moscow, organized by Special School \\\"Kolmogorov\\\" under Moscow State University – Lomonosov (Специализированный учебно-научный\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9246456\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Olympiad Cell The Mathematical Olympiad Cell (MO Cell) is a body of permanent faculty devoted to organizing and conducting the mathematical Olympiads in India, in particular, the Indian National Mathematical Olympiad and the International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp. The MO Cell has three main members: There are a number of other faculty who work part-time in conjunction with the MO Cell by sending problems for the Olympiads, participating in training activities, going as Leader/Deputy Leader, and participating in regional co-ordination. The members of the MO Cell used to operate solely from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, based on\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Olympiad Cell\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7404492\",\n \"text\": \"grades 7-8, though 4-6 graders may participate in Middle School problems. Hundreds of thousands of students participate annually in MOEMS events. MOEMS plans soon to develop an online teacher training program. MOEMS founder George Lenchner, died after decades in service to the math education community. Lenchner had written several books on elementary problem solving used by many MOEMS teachers and students. His obituary was featured in the Sunday New York Times on May 14, 2006. The current MOEMS Director is Richard Kalman who also worked with the American Regions Mathematics League for many years. Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297335\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Gymnasium, led 2010 UK National Team, from her chair at University of Cambridge, where she obtained her PhD. European Physical Society, in its Euro Physics News Magazine, published an article \\\"Inspiring Physics in Mathematical Grammar School\\\" about Physics teacher Nataša Čaluković from Mathematical Grammar School, and about results of Physics department of MGB. Authors, themselves distinguished physicists from University of Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, and Institute of Physics Belgrade and former students of Mathematical Grammar School and of professor Nataša Čaluković, claim professor Čaluković's students made 36 appearances at the International Physics Olympiads, and were honored two\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399483\",\n \"text\": \"thousands of workers and amateurs every two years. The CSIT (International Workers and Amateurs in Sports Confederation) is an international Multi-Sports Organization. The Workers' Olympiads were created as a counterweight for the Olympic Games, which were criticized for being confined for the upper social classes and privileged people. The international workers' sports movement did not believe that the true Olympic spirit could be achieved in an Olympic movement dominated by the aristocratic leadership. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic Committee, had always opposed women's participation and supported the cultural superiority of white Europeans over other races. His followers,\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2939225\",\n \"text\": \"could participate in teams and individually. This round was organized by Soviet Ministry of Education. This round was usually conducted at the end of the school year. The winners were awarded with the diplomas. Material prizes were minor and usually included scientific books that were otherwise difficult to obtain. Vladimir Drinfeld who was later awarded a 1990 Fields medal for the development of quantum groups is considered by many as the most outstanding \\\"mathematical sportsman\\\" in the history of the All-Union Mathematical Olympiads. His first scientific publication was based on a generalization of an Olympic problem. Many other winners of\",\n \"title\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297317\",\n \"text\": \"1 honorable mention. In All Russian Mathematical Competition, organized by the Kolmogorov Special School, Mathematical Grammar School won \\\"The Absolute First Prize in all categories\\\", and one of MGB students, Teodor von Burg, won the gold medal, first prize, and maximum number of points. This is the 2nd time MGB wins the Kolmogorov competition. Students of Mathematical Grammar School have won many other prizes in addition to the International Science Olympiads. As part of the \\\"27 Club\\\", which Erste Bank implemented for the third consecutive year in 2010, with the aim to promote talented young people and help them to\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9478218\",\n \"text\": \"on Mathematical Education, ICME. The executive committee is appointed by the general assembly of IMU for four-year terms. These include multi-national organisations, which are independent from ICMI and have interests in the field of mathematics. There are currently four multinational Mathematical Education Societies: And six international Study Groups which have obtained affiliation with ICMI: International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is an international event which is held every four years under the auspices of ICMI. The congress looks at the development of mathematical education across the world. The last ICME was held in Hamburg\",\n \"title\": \"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17399486\",\n \"text\": \"International Workers' Olympiads were more than just a games for the top athletes. The festival was based on a mass participation, it did not restrict entry on the grounds of sporting ability. 1931 Workers' Summer Olympiad in Vienna was the largest event with the participation of 100,000 athletes from 26 countries. The Vienna Workers' Olympiad attracted some 250,000 spectators. It was much bigger event than the 1932 Summer Olympics at Los Angeles, both in number of participants as well as spectators. Praterstadion (now Ernst-Happel-Stadion) was constructed between 1929 and 1931 for the 1931 Olympiad. The last Workers' Olympiad at Antwerp\",\n \"title\": \"International Workers' Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10056651\",\n \"text\": \"mathematics education. The scientific program typically consists of plenary activities, regular lectures, survey teams, topic study groups, discussion groups, workshops, poster presentations, national presentations, etc. The regular lectures are held by experienced researchers or educators who have been invited, whereas most of the other activities are open for registration. Past editions of ICME have taken place at: International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is held every four years under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) of the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The Congress is planned and organized by separate committees,\",\n \"title\": \"International Congress on Mathematical Education\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7941313\",\n \"text\": \"to send a team to the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). Bangladeshi students have participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad since 2005. Besides arranging Divisional and National Math Olympiads, BdMOC always extends its cooperation to all interested groups and individuals who want to arrange a Mathematics Olympiad. The Bangladesh Math Olympiad and the selection of the Bangladeshi national team for the IMO is bounded by rules set by the BdMOC, called BdMO Regulations. The Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad is open for school and college students from the country. The competitions usually take place around December–January–February. In IMO 2014, the Bangladesh team achieved\",\n \"title\": \"Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12881226\",\n \"text\": \"Country events. The club is affiliated to South of England Athletics Association and England Athletics. In 2013, after holding a test event in 2012, Yeovil Olympiads hosted the International Association for Ultra-Multievents World Championships from 24-25 August, consisting of an icosathlon and tetradecathlon. The club vest has an orange body with dark blue sides. Club athletes typically wear black shorts. Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club was the first track and field athletics club in Yeovil, Somerset, England. The club is based at the Bill Whistlecroft Athletics Arena, formerly Yeovil Arena before it was renamed on 14 September\",\n \"title\": \"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766793\",\n \"text\": \"national team for IMO After successfully completing the school and regional rounds, roughly 50 best participants are invited to the national round, where 10 best students are selected to participate in a week-long selection campus. Each day they solve a set of 3-4 problems, taken mainly from the past national olympiads of various countries. On the last day they have to find the answers (this time in form of a number) to rather large set of shorter problems under significant time-pressure. After that the team is selected and before the actual IMO, it competes in traditional Czech-Slovak-Polish Mathematical Contest where\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766796\",\n \"text\": \"team is not uniquely determined after the seven exams). Hong Kong first joined IMO in 1988. In Hong Kong, the International Mathematical Olympiad Preliminary Selection Contest is held every year. Around 60 students are selected to receive further training, after three phases of which six students will be selected as the Hong Kong team members, and six will be selected as reserve members. The further training is also known as phase four training. Iceland first joined the IMO in 1985. In Iceland, the Icelandic Mathematical Olympiad for Secondary School Students (Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema) was first held in the winter of 1984-1985,\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297304\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Grammar School Mathematical Grammar School (, abbr. \\\"MG\\\" or \\\"MGB\\\"), is a special school for gifted and talented students of mathematics, physics and informatics located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is ranked number one at International Science Olympiads by the number of medals won by its students (more than 400). The School has developed its own Mathematical Grammar School Curriculum in various mathematics, physics, and IT subjects. There are approx. 160 professors employed, mostly scientists. One half of the professors come from University of Belgrade staff, Institute of Physics Belgrade, and Mathematical Institute of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297362\",\n \"text\": \"the Mathematical Grammar School also prepared a monograph of the School, issued with assistance from the Institute for textbooks and teaching aids – Zavod . Mathematical Grammar School Mathematical Grammar School (, abbr. \\\"MG\\\" or \\\"MGB\\\"), is a special school for gifted and talented students of mathematics, physics and informatics located in Belgrade, Serbia. It is ranked number one at International Science Olympiads by the number of medals won by its students (more than 400). The School has developed its own Mathematical Grammar School Curriculum in various mathematics, physics, and IT subjects. There are approx. 160 professors employed, mostly scientists.\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"17739588\",\n \"text\": \"became the first female president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. 1996: Joan Birman became the first woman to receive the Chauvenet Prize, which is awarded annually by the Mathematical Association of America to the author of an outstanding expository article on a mathematical topic by a member of the association. 1998: Melanie Wood became the first female American to make the U.S. International Math Olympiad Team. She won silver medals in the 1998 and 1999 International Mathematical Olympiads. 2002: Melanie Wood became the first American woman and second woman overall to be named a Putnam Fellow in\",\n \"title\": \"Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13663294\",\n \"text\": \"International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP). The prize committee is appointed by the IAMP. The prize is awarded at the International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP) in recognition of a single achievement in Mathematical Physics, for scientists whose age is less than 35. A list of past congresses may be found here. International Association of Mathematical Physics The International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP) was founded in 1976 to promote research in mathematical physics. It brings together research mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including students. The association's ordinary members are individual researchers, although associate membership is available to organizations and companies.\",\n \"title\": \"International Association of Mathematical Physics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3212078\",\n \"text\": \"International Biology Olympiad The International Biology Olympiad (IBO) is a science olympiad for high school students under the age of 20. The first academic international Olympiads after the (originally Eastern European-based) International Mathematical Olympiad were launched under the auspices of the United Nations in the 1960s. The programs have gradually expanded to include more than 70 participating countries across five continents. The IBO is one of these olympiads. All participating countries send the four winners of their National Biology Olympiad to the IBO, usually accompanied by two adults who are members of the international jury for the duration of the\",\n \"title\": \"International Biology Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"10056650\",\n \"text\": \"International Congress on Mathematical Education The International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) is held every four years under the auspices of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) of the International Mathematical Union (IMU). The Congress is planned and organized by separate committees, which operate independently of the ICMI. The aim of the Congress is to present the current states and trends in mathematics education research and in the practice of mathematics teaching at all levels. The Congress will gather a broad spectrum of participants such as researchers in mathematics education, teacher trainers, practicing teachers, mathematicians, and others interested in\",\n \"title\": \"International Congress on Mathematical Education\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"12881224\",\n \"text\": \"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club was the first track and field athletics club in Yeovil, Somerset, England. The club is based at the Bill Whistlecroft Athletics Arena, formerly Yeovil Arena before it was renamed on 14 September 2014. This club was founded in 1969. It has produced many international athletes since its creation. The first was Eric Berry who came 6th in the 1973 European Juniors in the hammer event. Olympians who started with the club include Max Robertson and Gary Jennings, both 400 metres hurdlers. In 2008, the senior men's section of the club was promoted\",\n \"title\": \"Yeovil Olympiads Athletics Club\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3212079\",\n \"text\": \"competition. Each year, the IBO is organised by a different country. International Biology Olympiad The International Biology Olympiad (IBO) is a science olympiad for high school students under the age of 20. The first academic international Olympiads after the (originally Eastern European-based) International Mathematical Olympiad were launched under the auspices of the United Nations in the 1960s. The programs have gradually expanded to include more than 70 participating countries across five continents. The IBO is one of these olympiads. All participating countries send the four winners of their National Biology Olympiad to the IBO, usually accompanied by two adults who\",\n \"title\": \"International Biology Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14358354\",\n \"text\": \"the Netherlands launched the idea of an International Geography Competition (iGeo) or Olympiad for students between 15 and 19 years of age. The first one was held in 1996 in The Hague, Netherlands, with five participating countries. The participant count grew to 24 countries with the 2008 competition in Carthage, Tunisia. Before 2012, the International Science Olympiads were held every two years, and some regional geography Olympiads were held during intervening years. These include the Asia Pacific Regional Geography Olympiads (APRGO), which were held in 2007 (Hsinchu, Taiwan), 2009 (Tsukuba, Japan), and 2011 (Merida, Mexico), and the Central European Regional\",\n \"title\": \"International Geography Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4783211\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Kangaroo Mathematical Kangaroo (also known as International Mathematical Kangaroo, or Kangourou sans frontières in French) is an international mathematical competition where over 50 countries are represented. There are twelve levels of participation, ranging from grade 1 to grade 12. The competition is held annually on the third Thursday of March. According to the organizers, the key competence tested by Mathematical Kangaroo is logical combination, not just pure knowledge of formulas. It is the largest competition for school students in the world, with over 5 million participants from 47 countries in 2009, and 6 million by 2014. The competition was\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Kangaroo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4783215\",\n \"text\": \"and organized nationally. Special prizes are given for the “longest kangaroo jump” (i.e., the highest number of consecutive correct answers) for each school. Elisabeth Mellroth has investigated the use of mathematical competencies in the mathematical kangaroo. Mathematical Kangaroo Mathematical Kangaroo (also known as International Mathematical Kangaroo, or Kangourou sans frontières in French) is an international mathematical competition where over 50 countries are represented. There are twelve levels of participation, ranging from grade 1 to grade 12. The competition is held annually on the third Thursday of March. According to the organizers, the key competence tested by Mathematical Kangaroo is logical\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Kangaroo\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"13663292\",\n \"text\": \"International Association of Mathematical Physics The International Association of Mathematical Physics (IAMP) was founded in 1976 to promote research in mathematical physics. It brings together research mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including students. The association's ordinary members are individual researchers, although associate membership is available to organizations and companies. The IAMP is governed by an executive committee elected by the ordinary members. The association sponsors the International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP), which takes place every three years, and it also supports smaller conferences and workshops. There is a quarterly news bulletin. IAMP currently awards two kinds of research prizes in\",\n \"title\": \"International Association of Mathematical Physics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198351\",\n \"text\": \"for Women in Mathematics formula_1 as a satellite event of ICM. The International Commission on the History of Mathematics (ICHM) is operated jointly by the IMU and the Division of the History of Science (DHS) of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS). The Committee on Electronic Information and Communication (CEIC) advises IMU on matters concerning mathematical information, communication, and publishing. The scientific prizes awarded by the IMU are deemed to be the highest distinctions in the mathematical world. The opening ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is where the awards are presented: Fields Medals\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20045444\",\n \"text\": \"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science MFCS, the International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science is an academic conference organized annually since 1972. The topics of the conference cover the entire field of theoretical computer science. Up to 2012, the conference was held in different locations in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, but since MFCS 2013, it travels around Europe. All contributions are strongly peer-reviewed. In 1974–2015, the articles appeared in proceedings published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. Beginning in 2016, the proceedings are instead published by the Leibniz International Proceedings in\",\n \"title\": \"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2939226\",\n \"text\": \"the Mathematical Olympiad became outstanding mathematicians and physicists. Yuri Matiyasevich who solved the 10th Hilbert problem in 1970 was the absolute winner of the 1964 Olympiad. Grisha Perelman also had an exceptional Olympic record. Contests were conducted on several subject of Soviet higher education curriculum such as Math, Physics, Programming. These Olympiads had several rounds. The rounds were formed following Soviet Union's administrative structure. So, there were University, Republican and All-Union rounds. There was one contest for all students regardless of their year in the university. Every university was supposed to have its own competition. Judges were from faculty staff.\",\n \"title\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198347\",\n \"text\": \"International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians. Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries. The objectives of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) and other international scientific meetings/conferences, acknowledging outstanding research contributions to mathematics through the awarding of scientific prizes, and encouraging and supporting other international\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9478215\",\n \"text\": \"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Rome and aims to improve teaching standards around the world, through programs, workshops and initiatives and publications. It aims to work a great deal with developing countries, to increase teaching standards and education which can improve life quality and aid the country. ICMI was founded at the ICM, and mathematician Felix Klein was elected first president of\",\n \"title\": \"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198359\",\n \"text\": \"(vice: Christiane Rousseau, Marcelo Viana) 2015–2018: Shigefumi Mori (vice: Alicia Dickenstein, Vaughan Jones) 2019–2022: Carlos Kenig (vice: Nalini Joshi, Loyiso Nongxa ) International Mathematical Union The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians. Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries. The objectives of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) and\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198356\",\n \"text\": \"and workshops in emerging countries, especially in Asia and Africa. IMU released a report in 2008, \\\"Mathematics in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities\\\", on the current state of mathematics in Africa and on opportunities for new initiatives to support mathematical development. In 2014, the IMU's Commission for Developing Countries CDC released an update of the report. Additionally, reports about \\\"Mathematics in Latin America and the Caribbean and South East Asia\\\". were published. In July 2014 IMU released the report: The International Mathematical Union in the Developing World: Past, Present and Future (July 2014). In 2014, the IMU held a day-long symposium\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"4539166\",\n \"text\": \"Olympiads, in addition to winning awards including Arkwright Engineering Scholarships and Nuffield Research Placements (previously Nuffield Science Bursaries). Students have won scholarships for summer placements at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and research institutes in Heidelberg, Germany. British competition results include: Students have also competed in international competitions including the International Mathematical Olympiad, the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad, the European Girls' Mathematical Olympiad, the International Biology Olympiad, the International Rocketry Challenge, the European Union Contest for Young Scientists and the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. The Perse School began accepting girls at 11+ and 13+ in September 2010\",\n \"title\": \"The Perse School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20045445\",\n \"text\": \"Informatics. Since 2012, the Steering Committee of the MFCS symposia series is chaired by Antonín Kučera. International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science MFCS, the International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science is an academic conference organized annually since 1972. The topics of the conference cover the entire field of theoretical computer science. Up to 2012, the conference was held in different locations in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, but since MFCS 2013, it travels around Europe. All contributions are strongly peer-reviewed. In 1974–2015, the articles appeared in proceedings published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer\",\n \"title\": \"International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20068015\",\n \"text\": \"before the participation in IMO, which is held from June to July. Korean Mathematical Olympiad The Korean Mathematical Olympiad is a Mathematical Olympiad held by the Korean Mathematical Society (KMS) in Republic of Korea. In 1988, only high school students were tested and middle school students were supposed to take the 'high school exam'. From the 11th exam, the middle school students' test was introduced (JKMO, Junior Korean Mathematical Olympiad). In the 53rd International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the Korean delegation won 209 out of 252 out of the total score and 6 gold medals and ranked the first place for\",\n \"title\": \"Korean Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2939219\",\n \"text\": \"in the \\\"Science and Life\\\" (\\\"Наука и Жизнь\\\") popular science magazine. There were numerous other Olympiads in Moscow including interdisciplinary \\\"Lomonosov tour\\\". Besides, there were correspondence Olympiads, in particular, Olympiads carried out by some newspapers, journals and universities. One of the important correspondence Olympiads was organized by the Kvant magazine. Its winners were admitted to the Republican round of the All-Union Physics and Mathematics Olympiads. Also, there were team contests organized for schools to compete for District, City or Regional honors. There also was a \\\"Physics fight\\\" contest organized by the Moscow State University. In maths, there were contests organized\",\n \"title\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8589309\",\n \"text\": \"International Linguistics Olympiad The International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) is the fourth newest of a group of twelve International Science Olympiads. Its abbreviation IOL is deliberately chosen not to correspond to the name of the organization in any particular language, and member organizations are free to choose for themselves how to designate the competition in their own language. This olympiad furthers the fields of mathematical, theoretical, and descriptive linguistics. The setup differs from most of the other Science Olympiads, in that the olympiad contains both individual and team contests. The individual contest consists of 5 problems, covering the main fields of\",\n \"title\": \"International Linguistics Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11009207\",\n \"text\": \"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences The Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS) is an umbrella organization of seventeen professional societies in the mathematical sciences in the United States. It and its member societies are recognized by the International Mathematical Union as the national mathematical societies for their country. The CBMS was founded in 1960 as the successor organization to the six-organization Policy Committee for Mathematics (founded by the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical Association of America as the War Policy Committee in 1942) and the 1958 Conference Organization of the Mathematical Sciences. As well as representing US\",\n \"title\": \"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19077846\",\n \"text\": \"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge The International Mathematical Modeling Challenge (IMMC or sometimes IMC) is an international mathematical modeling competition for high school students in team mathematical modeling co-sponsored by COMAP and the NeoUnion ESC Organization. Teams are selected on a country-by-country basis, with each country sending its top two teams to the competition. The IMMC was inspired by the HiMCM, a similar contest sponsored by COMAP but mainly attracting teams within the United States. The HiMCM in turn was established in the 1990s to create a high school counterpart to COMAP’s MCM. Contestants in the IMMC are given five days\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766818\",\n \"text\": \"some are selected to \\\"IPST Camp 2\\\", finally, only 6 students will compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the UK, selection is through competitions and training camps under the auspices of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust, starting with the multiple-choice Senior Mathematical Challenge (SMC). The SMC is followed by the British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO), held in two rounds, but candidates who did not take part in the SMC or did not achieve the qualifying score may enter the BMO on payment of an entry fee and so be considered for the IMO team. After the two rounds of the\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19077855\",\n \"text\": \"2017 IMMC contest period will end on May 8, 2017 (national rounds within certain countries will end earlier). Results will be announced in June, and teams awarded the Outstanding designation will be honored. International Mathematical Modeling Challenge The International Mathematical Modeling Challenge (IMMC or sometimes IMC) is an international mathematical modeling competition for high school students in team mathematical modeling co-sponsored by COMAP and the NeoUnion ESC Organization. Teams are selected on a country-by-country basis, with each country sending its top two teams to the competition. The IMMC was inspired by the HiMCM, a similar contest sponsored by COMAP but\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19077847\",\n \"text\": \"to research (the contest permits the use of any inanimate source) and write a mathematical paper detailing their mathematical model for a given situation. At the conclusion of the five-day period, papers are sent to an international expert committee composed of mathematics faculty from the world’s leading universities. Traditionally, 3-4 teams are awarded the top designation of Outstanding and invited to an awards ceremony, held in a different country each year. Each participating country is expected to choose its two best teams of four contestants each to compete in the IMMC. Globally, different methods have been used to select teams\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Modeling Challenge\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20068007\",\n \"text\": \"Korean Mathematical Olympiad The Korean Mathematical Olympiad is a Mathematical Olympiad held by the Korean Mathematical Society (KMS) in Republic of Korea. In 1988, only high school students were tested and middle school students were supposed to take the 'high school exam'. From the 11th exam, the middle school students' test was introduced (JKMO, Junior Korean Mathematical Olympiad). In the 53rd International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), the Korean delegation won 209 out of 252 out of the total score and 6 gold medals and ranked the first place for the first time in history. From then, Korean mathematicians have made outstanding\",\n \"title\": \"Korean Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297308\",\n \"text\": \"центр Московского государственного университета им.М.В.Ломоносова – Школа им.А.Н.Колмогорова). The School is ranked as number one school in the world in the field of mathematics, taking the lead from Russian Special School \\\"Kolmogorov\\\", (which operates under Moscow University), and is among the best 5 in physics and in informatics in the world, for its continuous success in International Science Olympiads. Mathematical Gymnasium stands out with its own curriculum, focusing on natural sciences, especially mathematics, physics, and computer programming. The School was established in 1966, following the model of Kolmogorov School at Moscow University which had been launched in Moscow a year\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16847488\",\n \"text\": \"and its Applications, the London Mathematical Society, and the Mathematical Association, each nominated two members. The BMOS replaced some of the Mathematical Association's activities. In 1996, the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust (UKMT) was set up to manage competitions of this nature, though the BMOC remained in charge of the senior olympiads. The 'problems group' is a subsection of the BMOS which is responsible for supplying new and interesting problems for use domestic competitions and for submission to the IMO each year. British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust The British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust (BMOS) is a section of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust\",\n \"title\": \"British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766792\",\n \"text\": \"competitions. Thirteen of these are selected to form the National Pre-Selection that trains for up to three months taking also exams out of which the best 6 are selected to form the National team. In a number of years the lack of financial support has allowed only the first member of the team to actually travel and compete in the International mathematical Olympiad. In Cyprus Four provincial competitions and a National (Pancyprian) competition are held every year. During this procedure 30 students are selected and Four Team Selection Tests are held to determine who will be the six member of\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11009208\",\n \"text\": \"mathematics at the IMU, it acts as a communication channel between its member societies and the US Government, and coordinates joint projects of its member societies. Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences The Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS) is an umbrella organization of seventeen professional societies in the mathematical sciences in the United States. It and its member societies are recognized by the International Mathematical Union as the national mathematical societies for their country. The CBMS was founded in 1960 as the successor organization to the six-organization Policy Committee for Mathematics (founded by the American Mathematical Society and\",\n \"title\": \"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21006242\",\n \"text\": \"Israel Mathematical Union The Israel Mathematical Union (IMU) () is an association of professional mathematicians in Israel. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and has reciprocity membership agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The Union was founded on 2 March 1953 and held its first meeting with eleven short lectures on 28 September of that year. Early members included Binyamin Amirà, Michael Fekete, and Abraham Fraenkel, who represented the Union at the 1954 International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam, as\",\n \"title\": \"Israel Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198348\",\n \"text\": \"mathematical activities, considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical science in any of its aspects, whether pure, applied, or educational. The IMU was established in 1920, but dissolved in September 1932 and then re-established 1950 de facto at the Constitutive Convention in New York, de jure on September 10, 1951, when ten countries had become members. The last milestone was the General Assembly in March 1952, in Rome, Italy where the activities of the new IMU were inaugurated and the first Executive Committee, President and various commissions where elected. In 1952 the IMU was also readmitted to the\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"20343686\",\n \"text\": \"the upper level for older students. Those who do well in the qualifier are invited to the final competition, held in March. Alongside honours and awards, the top students are selected to perform in various mathematical olympiads, including the Baltic Way, the Nordic Mathematical Contest, and the International Mathematical Olympiad. Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema is an annual mathematical olympiad first held in the winter of 1984–1985. It is hosted by the Íslenska Stærðfræðafélagið () and the Natural Sciences's Teacher Association, and the largest competition of its kind in the country. Its goals include increasing the interest of Icelandic secondary school\",\n \"title\": \"Stærðfræðikeppni Framhaldsskólanema\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"862575\",\n \"text\": \"fewer students at each progressing test. Awards are given to approximately the top-scoring 50% of the individual contestants. Teams are not officially recognized—all scores are given only to individual contestants, but team scoring is unofficially compared more than individual scores. Contestants must be under the age of 20 and must not be registered at any tertiary institution. Subject to these conditions, an individual may participate any number of times in the IMO. The International Mathematical Olympiad is one of the most prestigious mathematical competitions in the world. In January 2011, Google sponsored €1 million to the International Mathematical Olympiad organization.\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3723559\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematics. The precursor to the EMS, the European Mathematical Council was founded in 1978 at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki. This informal federation of mathematical societies was chaired by Sir Michael Atiyah. The European Mathematical Society was founded on 28 October 1990 in Mądralin near Warsaw, Poland, with Friedrich Hirzebruch as founding President. Initially, the EMS had 27 member societies. The first European Congress of Mathematics (ECM) was held at the Sorbonne and Panthéon-Sorbonne universities in Paris in 1992, and is now held every 4 years at different locations around Europe, organised by the EMS. The next ECM\",\n \"title\": \"European Mathematical Society\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19078512\",\n \"text\": \"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in 1902 in Washington D.C. to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. First Meeting In 1902, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association invited all National woman suffrage organizations which existed at that date, to send an accredited delegate to attend a mass meeting which should be held in Washington, D. C., to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. This meeting was held in February of that year and six national associations were represented, namely: Canada,\",\n \"title\": \"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3985871\",\n \"text\": \"ethics. Admission to undergraduate programmes is based on one of five acceptance modes, namely Joint Entrance Examination (Main) (JEE (Main)), the institute's own Undergraduate Engineering Entrance Examination (UGEE) and interview, representing India in the International Olympiads during class XI and XII (including International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI), International Physics Olympiad (IPhO), International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO), International Biology Olympiad (IBO), International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO), International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and International Linguistics Olympiad (IOL) / Paninian Linguistics Olympiad (PLO)), Direct Admissions for Students Abroad (DASA) and lateral entry admissions to dual-degree programmes through entrance examination and interview. Admissions for postgraduate studies are\",\n \"title\": \"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6557044\",\n \"text\": \"including FIST 2 (1985), Second International Selection Test (SIST), Reading Selection Test (1987), Final Selection Test (FST, 1992 to 2001) and First Selection Test (FST, from 2002); the fourth-stage tests have been Team Selection Test (TST, 2001) and Next Selection Test (NST, 2002 onwards). These tests have been held at training and selection camps in several locations, recently Trinity College, Cambridge and Oundle School. British Mathematical Olympiad The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United\",\n \"title\": \"British Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"16353348\",\n \"text\": \"International Commission on the History of Mathematics The International Commission on the History of Mathematics was established in 1971 to promote the study of history of mathematics. Kenneth O. May provided its initial impetus. In 1974 its official journal Historia Mathematica began publishing. Every four years the Commission bestows the Kenneth O. May Medal upon a deserving historian of mathematics. In 1981 in Bucharest, the first in a series of symposia was held in conjunction with the International Congress of History of Science. In 1985 the ICHM became an inter-union commission of both the International Mathematical Union and the International\",\n \"title\": \"International Commission on the History of Mathematics\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"21006243\",\n \"text\": \"well as Shmuel Agmon, Jacob Levitzki, and Dov Jarden. The Israel Mathematical Union awards three major prizes: Israel Mathematical Union The Israel Mathematical Union (IMU) () is an association of professional mathematicians in Israel. It is a member of the European Mathematical Society and the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and has reciprocity membership agreements with the American Mathematical Society and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The Union was founded on 2 March 1953 and held its first meeting with eleven short lectures on 28 September of that year. Early members included Binyamin Amirà, Michael Fekete,\",\n \"title\": \"Israel Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"3145650\",\n \"text\": \"+ 10*(AIME Score). Cutoffs, based on AMC 12 indices, are determined so that approximately 260-270 students qualify for the USAMO. Cutoffs, based on AMC 10 indices, are determined so that approximately 230-240 students qualify for the USAJMO. If a student took the AMC 10 and 12 (i.e. AMC 10A and 12B or AMC 12A and 10B) and qualified for both the USAMO and USAJMO, the student must take the USAMO. Since 2011, the goal has been to select approximately 500 students total for the two Olympiads where 270 students qualify for the USA Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO) and 230 students qualify\",\n \"title\": \"United States of America Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18311581\",\n \"text\": \"International Association for Mathematical Geosciences The International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG) is a nonprofit organization of geoscientists. The aim of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences is to promote international cooperation in the application and use of mathematics in geological research and technology. IAMG's activities are to organize meetings, issue of publications on the application of mathematics in the geological sciences, extend cooperation with other organizations professionally concerned with applications of mathematics and statistics to the biological sciences, earth sciences, engineering, environmental sciences, and planetary sciences. IAMG is a not for profit 501(c)(3) organization. The IAMG was established in\",\n \"title\": \"International Association for Mathematical Geosciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9478227\",\n \"text\": \"published in several languages and a blog which includes many materials for mathematics teachers to be used in the class room. International Commission on Mathematical Instruction The International Commission on Mathematical Instruction (ICMI) is a commission of the International Mathematical Union and is an internationally acting organization focussing on mathematics education. ICMI was founded in 1908 at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Rome and aims to improve teaching standards around the world, through programs, workshops and initiatives and publications. It aims to work a great deal with developing countries, to increase teaching standards and education which can improve\",\n \"title\": \"International Commission on Mathematical Instruction\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766797\",\n \"text\": \"and his been an annual occurrence ever since. It is hosted by the Icelandic Mathematical Organization and the Natural Sciences's Teacher Association. Its goals include increasing the interest of Icelandic secondary school students towards mathematics, and other fields built on a mathematical foundation. The contest is held in two parts every winter. First, a qualifier held in October of every year on two difficulty levels; upper level, and lower level. The lower level is intended for first year secondary school students, and the upper level for older students. Those who do well in the qualifier are invited to the final\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2939216\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads Soviet Student Olympiad was an annual set of contests for students in USSR. There were two separate multi-round competitions every year: for higher education (universities) and general education (starting from 7th to 10th/11th grade). Both competitions had several rounds, and winners from lower rounds would go to the next round. Not only individual members, but teams were awarded too. The main difference between two Olympiads was that the school one had separate threads for every grade, while the university one was for all students. Both Olympiads had the same format of the contests. Students would come in\",\n \"title\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2804257\",\n \"text\": \"International Chemistry Olympiad The International Chemistry Olympiad (IChO) is an annual academic competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IChO was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1968. The event has been held every year since then, with the exception of 1971. The delegations that attended the first events were mostly countries of the former Eastern bloc and it was not until 1980, the 12th annual International Chemistry Olympiad, that the event was held outside of the bloc in Austria. Up to 4 students for each national team compete around July in both\",\n \"title\": \"International Chemistry Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14358355\",\n \"text\": \"Geography Olympiads (CERIGEO). Since 2013, the International Geography Olympiad, in concordance with the other Olympiads, has been held on a yearly basis. At the most recent iGeo, held in Quebec City, Canada between July and August 2018, there were 43 participating countries. The next Olympiad is the 2019 iGeo, which will be held in Hong Kong, China in August 2019. The participating countries and regions in the 2018 International Geography Olympiad are: </div> The names used are the standard names officially used by the International Geographical Union, based on the roster list for the 2017 International Geography Olympiad in Belgrade.\",\n \"title\": \"International Geography Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"11016216\",\n \"text\": \"The Mathematical Diary The Mathematical Diary was an early American mathematical journal and mathematics magazine, published between 1825 and 1833. The \\\"Mathematical Diary\\\" was founded by Robert Adrain at Columbia College (now Columbia University) after two unsuccessful attempts, in 1808 and 1814, to start a more purely academic mathematics journal, \\\"The Analyst, or, Mathematical Museum\\\". The \\\"Mathematical Diary\\\" contained, in addition to some serious mathematics, articles of general interest such as mathematical puzzles aimed at the amateur problem-solver, which may have helped it attract more laypeople as subscribers and contributed to its greater longevity. Adrain edited the first four issues;\",\n \"title\": \"The Mathematical Diary\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8589310\",\n \"text\": \"theoretical, mathematical and applied linguistics – phonetics, morphology, semantics, syntax, sociolinguistics, etc. – which must be solved in six hours. The team contest has consisted of one extremely difficult and time-consuming problem since the 2nd IOL. Teams, which generally consist of four students, are given three to four hours to solve this problem. Like nearly all International Science Olympiads, its problems are translated and completed in several languages and as such must be written free of any native language constraints. However, unlike other olympiads, the translations are provided by the multilingual Problem Committee, a body of experts independent of the\",\n \"title\": \"International Linguistics Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6533958\",\n \"text\": \"Indian National Mathematical Olympiad The Indian National Mathematical Olympiad (INMO) is a high school mathematics competition held annually in India since 1989. It is the second tier in the Indian team selection procedure for the International Mathematical Olympiad and is conducted by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE) under the aegis of the National Board of Higher Mathematics (NBHM). The INMO is conducted by the MO Cell which is held on the third Sunday of January at 30 centers across the country. Prospective candidates first need to write the Regional Mathematical Olympiad(known as RMO) of their respective state\",\n \"title\": \"Indian National Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9273405\",\n \"text\": \"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences The International Centre for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS) is a mathematical research centre based in Edinburgh. According to its website, the Centre is \\\"designed to bring together mathematicians and practitioners in science, industry and commerce for research workshops and other meetings.\\\" The Centre was jointly established in 1990 by the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, under the supervision of Professor Elmer Rees, with initial support from Edinburgh District Council, the Scottish Development Agency and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. In April 1994 the Centre moved to 14 India Street, Edinburgh, the birthplace of James\",\n \"title\": \"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"15601544\",\n \"text\": \"2013, where ASSMS was supposed to be its initial secretariat. At the high school level, the school initiated the training camps for preparation and selection of the national team of Pakistan to compete at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). The school continued to organize these training camps until 2014. The national team of Pakistan competed at IMO for the very first time in 2005, won its first medal in 2007 and its first silver medal in 2013. Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences The Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences (AS-SMS) is an autonomous institute affiliated with the Government College\",\n \"title\": \"Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"18610472\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Spitalfields Days\\\" organised by, among others, the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, Mathematics Research Centre, Warwick, and International Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Edinburgh. Spitalfields Mathematical Society The Spitalfields Mathematical Society was founded in 1717 by Joseph Middleton. The society had 64 members when it was established, and at first meetings were held in the Monmouth's Head, a public house in the Spitalfields district of London.<ref name=\\\"JOC/EFR\\\"></ref> Fellows of the society were drawn from artisans and craftsmen such as weavers, apothecaries, brewers, ironmongers, stockbrokers, and makers of optical and mathematical instruments. Well-known members included John Canton, John Dollond, Thomas Simpson, John Crosley,\",\n \"title\": \"Spitalfields Mathematical Society\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9297318\",\n \"text\": \"get well-deserved public recognition for their work and the results, 2010 year's award winners were declared. In the category of science, the winner of a Grand Prize was Luka Milićević, and the winner of Erste Bank Prize in the field of natural and technical sciences and technology was Dušan Milijančević. Both students are final year students of D-division of Mathematical Grammar School. At Microsoft's Imagine Cup, students of Mathematical Grammar School were in finals, among top 6 teams in the world. Other numerous medals from the Balkans Olympiads in Mathematics, Physics and Informatics are being won every year. The Men\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Grammar School\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"6557037\",\n \"text\": \"British Mathematical Olympiad The British Mathematical Olympiad (BMO) forms part of the selection process for the UK International Mathematical Olympiad team. It is organised by the British Mathematical Olympiad Subtrust, which is part of the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust. There are two rounds, the BMO1 and the BMO2. The first round of the BMO is held in December, and from 2006 is an open entry competition, costing £17 to enter. However, this fee is waived for those who (1) achieve the qualifying mark in the Senior Mathematical Challenge and (2) are British citizens, or will have studied for 3 full\",\n \"title\": \"British Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19078516\",\n \"text\": \"was embodied the complete plan for organization, was submitted to each National Suffrage Association, and delegates to the Berlin meeting were to come with the advice and instruction of their respective societies. First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance was held in 1902 in Washington D.C. to consider the feasibility of organizing an International Woman Suffrage Association. First Meeting In 1902, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association invited all National woman suffrage organizations which existed at that date, to send an accredited delegate to attend a mass meeting which should be held\",\n \"title\": \"First Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"862590\",\n \"text\": \"Tao also holds the distinction of being the youngest medalist with his 1986 bronze medal, alongside 2009 bronze medalist Raúl Chávez Sarmiento (Peru), at the age of 10 and 11 respectively. Representing the United States, Noam Elkies won a gold medal with a perfect paper at the age of 14 in 1981. Note that both Elkies and Tao could have participated in the IMO multiple times following their success, but entered university and therefore became ineligible. The current ten countries with the best all-time results are as follows: International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual six-problem\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7563054\",\n \"text\": \"magazine, \\\"Kaiho\\\", and a monthly newsletter, \\\"Notices from the ISMS\\\". International Society for Mathematical Sciences The International Society for Mathematical Sciences is a mathematics society, primarily based in Japan. It was formerly known as the Japanese Association of Mathematical Sciences, and was founded in 1948 by Tatsujiro Shimizu. The ISMS publishes a bimonthly scientific journal, \\\"Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae\\\" (), which was formed in 2001 from the merger of two journals previously published by the same society, \\\"Mathematica Japonica\\\", founded in 1948, and \\\"Scientiae Mathematicae\\\", which published nine issues over three volumes in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In addition the ISMS\",\n \"title\": \"International Society for Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"7563053\",\n \"text\": \"International Society for Mathematical Sciences The International Society for Mathematical Sciences is a mathematics society, primarily based in Japan. It was formerly known as the Japanese Association of Mathematical Sciences, and was founded in 1948 by Tatsujiro Shimizu. The ISMS publishes a bimonthly scientific journal, \\\"Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae\\\" (), which was formed in 2001 from the merger of two journals previously published by the same society, \\\"Mathematica Japonica\\\", founded in 1948, and \\\"Scientiae Mathematicae\\\", which published nine issues over three volumes in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In addition the ISMS holds an annual meeting and publishes a Japanese language mathematics\",\n \"title\": \"International Society for Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"198354\",\n \"text\": \"the business of the Union. The EC consists of the President, two Vice-Presidents, the Secretary, six Members-at-Large, all elected for a term of four years, and the Past President. The EC is responsible for all policy matters and for tasks, such as choosing the members of the ICM Program Committee and various prize committees. Every two months IMU publishes an electronic newsletter, \\\"IMU-Net\\\", that aims to improve communication between IMU and the worldwide mathematical community by reporting on decisions and recommendations of the Union, major international mathematical events and developments, and on other topics of general mathematical interest. IMU Bulletins\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Union\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"862582\",\n \"text\": \"in its own right. For high scorers in the final competition for the team selection, there also is a summer camp, like that of China. In countries of the former Soviet Union and other eastern European countries, a team has in the past been chosen several years beforehand, and they are given special training specifically for the event. However, such methods have been discontinued in some countries. In Ukraine, for instance, selection tests consist of four olympiads comparable to the IMO by difficulty and schedule. While identifying the winners, only the results of the current selection olympiads are considered. The\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766781\",\n \"text\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad. The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university. Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen. Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"2939218\",\n \"text\": \"school curriculum such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and others. These Olympiads had several levels based on Soviet Union's administrative structure. These were: School, District (\\\"Raion\\\"), City, Regional (\\\"Oblast\\\"), Republican and All-Union contests. These competitions were organized separate for every school grade. Depending on the subject and geographical region the highest round of the Olympiads varied from the All-Union level in Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry to the Regional level in some other disciplines. In addition, at certain time Moscow carried out joint \\\"Olympiads in Linguistics and Mathematics\\\" (Олимпиада по языкознанию и математике). After each such Olympiad its problems were printed\",\n \"title\": \"Soviet Student Olympiads\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"9273406\",\n \"text\": \"Clerk Maxwell and home of the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation. In 2010 it relocated to 15 South College Street to accommodate larger events. The current scientific director (appointed in 2016) is Professor Paul Glendinning. International Centre for Mathematical Sciences The International Centre for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS) is a mathematical research centre based in Edinburgh. According to its website, the Centre is \\\"designed to bring together mathematicians and practitioners in science, industry and commerce for research workshops and other meetings.\\\" The Centre was jointly established in 1990 by the University of Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt University, under the supervision of Professor Elmer\",\n \"title\": \"International Centre for Mathematical Sciences\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"8766822\",\n \"text\": \"Vietnam TST will be the 6 competitors for IMO. There are two math associations: ATCCM (Association Tunisienne de Culture et Competitions Mathematique) and ATSM(Association Tunisienne des Sciences Mathematiques) . Each one has its own tests and have the right to choose 3 competitors for IMO. International Mathematical Olympiad selection process This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad. The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university. Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between\",\n \"title\": \"International Mathematical Olympiad selection process\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"5402824\",\n \"text\": \"Mathematical Olympiad Program The Mathematical Olympiad Program (abbreviated MOP, formerly called the Mathematical Olympiad Summer Program, abbreviated MOSP) is an intensive summer program held at Carnegie Mellon University. The main purpose of MOP, held since 1974, is to select and train the six members of the U.S. team for the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). Students qualify for the program by taking the United States of America Mathematical Olympiad (USAMO). The top twelve American scorers from all grades form the \\\"black\\\" group. The approximately eighteen next highest American scorers among students from 11th grade and under form the \\\"blue\\\" group. In\",\n \"title\": \"Mathematical Olympiad Program\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"14358353\",\n \"text\": \"to get to know their fellow students and explore the host city. The International Geography Olympiad is organised by the International Geographical Union (IGU) Olympiad Task Force, who produce tests with reference to the local organisers and the international board. After the first iGeo in 1996, it was recommended that the competition was held biennially. Due to the competition growing in popularity, since 2012 the competition has been held annually, rather than biennially, as is the case with the other large International Science Olympiads. During the 1994 Congress of the International Geographical Union (IGU) in Prague, people from Poland and\",\n \"title\": \"International Geography Olympiad\"\n },\n {\n \"docid\": \"19816127\",\n \"text\": \"Nairi Sedrakyan Nairi Sedrakyan (born 1961 in Ninotsminda, USSR) is an Armenian mathematician involved in national and international Olympiads of mathematics, having been the president of the Armenian Mathematics Olympiads, the Leader of Armenian IMO Team, a jury member and problem selection committee member of the International Mathematical Olympiad, a jury member and problem selection committee member of the Zhautykov International Mathematical Olympiad (IZhO), a jury member and problem selection committee member of the International Olympiad of Metropolises, the president of the International Mathematical Olympiad Tournament of the Towns. He has also authored a large number of problems proposed in\",\n \"title\": \"Nairi Sedrakyan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":2,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":1121,"offset":200,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3NzI2ODMzNiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1RldmF0cm9uL3dpa2lwZWRpYS1jdXJhdGVkIiwiZXhwIjoxNzc3MjcxOTM2LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.WhzEGs8XspNYgCnHuhW57I4pvRvRds2dPqtgYuTbUVUg3SoKu0e0zWiAv-dCeaHZUip4hwnDx9NIU1YJRNskAg","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":1121,"numBytesParquet":39596667},{"config":"default","split":"dev","numRows":116,"numBytesParquet":4154236},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":694,"numBytesParquet":58178}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
query_id stringlengths 1 4 | query stringlengths 13 171 | answers list | positive_passages list | negative_passages list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
201 | What city is the gateway arch located in? | [] | [
{
"docid": "643334",
"text": "for itself many times over in wonder\". Some have questioned whether St. Louis really was—as Saarinen said—the \"Gateway to the West\". Kansas City-born \"deadline poet\" Calvin Trillin wrote, I know you're thinking that there are considerable differences between T.S. Eliot and... | [
{
"docid": "599973",
"text": "were 1,800 trees on the grounds. There are now a total of 4,200. The $380 million project was funded both privately and publicly. The public funding, provided largely by Proposition P, totaled $159 million. The remaining $221 were secured via fundraising efforts of Gateway Arch... |
202 | What does Tardis stand for? | [] | [
{
"docid": "410469",
"text": "flashes when an incoming call is detected, TARDIS-shaped wardrobes and DVD cabinets, and a USB hub in the shape of the TARDIS. The complete 2005 season DVD box set, released in November 2005, was issued in packaging that resembled the TARDIS. One of the original-model TARDISes ... | [
{
"docid": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comme... |
203 | Who was the first person to reach the south pole? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1726756",
"text": "operational season from October to February. In recent years the winter-time population has been around 50 people. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Scientific Station is the southernmost habitation on Earth. It is continuously inhabited. Its name honors Roald Amundsen, whose Norw... | [
{
"docid": "12773971",
"text": "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition set out with the goal of crossing Antarctica via the South Pole, but his ship, the \"Endurance\", was frozen in pack ice and sank 11 months later. The overland journey was never made. US Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, with the assistance of h... |
204 | When was Watt's steam engine invented? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1424961",
"text": "Watt steam engine The Watt steam engine, alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine, was the first practical steam engine and was one of the driving forces of the industrial revolution. James Watt developed the design sporadically from 1763 to 1775 with support f... | [
{
"docid": "1424986",
"text": "sources of power for British industry, thereby freeing it from geographical constraints and becoming one of the main drivers in the Industrial Revolution. Watt was also concerned with fundamental research on the functioning of the steam engine. His most notable measuring devic... |
205 | What was Andrew Jackson's wife's name? | [] | [
{
"docid": "14205",
"text": "father. The widower Jackson invited Rachel's niece Emily Donelson to serve as hostess at the White House. Emily was married to Andrew Jackson Donelson, who acted as Jackson's private secretary and in 1856 ran for vice president on the American Party ticket. The relationship betw... | [
{
"docid": "5754608",
"text": "date of the election. He finished fourth with 18,914 votes, or 7% of the total ballots. Haydon has four children with his deceased wife, Mary Leishman. He is currently married to Sherry Franklin, the widow of Ben Franklin, Haydon's successor as mayor of Nepean. Andrew Haydon P... |
206 | What is Buzz Aldrin's real first name? | [] | [
{
"docid": "753810",
"text": "Buzz Aldrin Buzz Aldrin (; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American engineer, former astronaut, and fighter pilot. As lunar module pilot on the Apollo 11 mission, he and mission commander Neil Armstrong were the first two humans to land on the Moon. Born i... | [
{
"docid": "12967590",
"text": "Buzz Aldrin, What Happened To You in All The Confusion? Buzz Aldrin, What Happened To You in All The Confusion? (Original title: \"Buzz Aldrin, hvor ble det av deg i alt mylderet?\") is a novel by the Norwegian author Johan Harstad, published in 2005. The book deals with a th... |
207 | What dessert is made with poached peach halves, vanilla ice cream, and raspberry sauce? | [] | [
{
"docid": "4299209",
"text": "Peach Melba Peach Melba (, pronounced ) is a dessert of peaches and raspberry sauce with vanilla ice cream. The dish was invented in 1892 or 1893 by the French chef Auguste Escoffier at the Savoy Hotel, London, to honor the Australian soprano Nellie Melba. In 1892, operatic so... | [
{
"docid": "4299210",
"text": "carried peaches which rested on a bed of vanilla ice cream and which were topped with spun sugar. In 1900, Escoffier created a new version of the dessert. For the occasion of the opening of the Carlton Hotel, where he was head chef, Escoffier omitted the ice swan and topped th... |
208 | What substance did Charles Best and Frederick Banting discover in 1922? | [] | [
{
"docid": "818475",
"text": "Frederick Banting Sir Frederick Grant Banting (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter, and Nobel laureate noted as the co-discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic potential. In 1923 Banting and John James Rickard Macleod rec... | [
{
"docid": "818497",
"text": "A \"Flame of Hope\" was lit by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother in 1989 as a tribute to Dr. Frederick Grant Banting and all the people that have lost their lives to diabetes. The flame will remain lit until there is a cure for diabetes. When a cure is found, the fla... |
209 | What does R&B stand for? | [] | [
{
"docid": "16179193",
"text": "said that he is \"comfortable” with the term \"indie R&B\" because it \"insinuates a higher art. Or a deeper or somehow more artistic delivery of rhythm and blues music. It suggest there's more artistry within a genre that has become more of a cliché of itself.\" The latter o... | [
{
"docid": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comme... |
210 | What is the nickname of Oklahoma? | [] | [
{
"docid": "7263672",
"text": "iconify, when a school chooses a collection as its athletic nickname, the school typically chooses a related but different mascot that symbolizes that collection. Examples: Notre Dame Fighting Irish, Oklahoma Sooners, Purdue Boilermakers, Illinois Fighting Illini A small numbe... | [
{
"docid": "641170",
"text": "generic and traditional nickname, at least in England. Examples of this are: To avoid confusion between peer groups with the same given names, surnames may be used as a nickname. Also common prefixes for names can be used as a nickname: And other variations on the surname, such... |
211 | Where was Bill Gates born? | [] | [
{
"docid": "2536703",
"text": "Bill Gates Sr. William Henry Gates II (born November 30, 1925), better known as Bill Gates Sr., is an American retired attorney and philanthropist and author of the book \"Showing Up for Life: Thoughts on the Gifts of a Lifetime\". He is the father of Microsoft co-founder Bill... | [
{
"docid": "45508",
"text": "Bill Gates William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, author, philanthropist, humanitarian, and principal founder of Microsoft Corporation. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, CEO and chief softwar... |
212 | Who is author of cryptonomicon? | [] | [
{
"docid": "290235",
"text": "Cryptonomicon Cryptonomicon is a 1999 novel by American author Neal Stephenson, set in two different time periods. One group of characters are World War II-era Allied codebreakers and tactical-deception operatives affiliated with the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchl... | [
{
"docid": "290245",
"text": "and groupings found within those darker worlds. The short story \"Jipi and the Paranoid Chip\" appears to take place some time after the events of \"Cryptonomicon\". In the story, the construction of the Crypt has triggered economic growth in Manila and Kinakuta, in which Goto ... |
213 | When was the first jet invented? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1431370",
"text": "on a jet propulsion system which used piston-engine exhaust gases to add heat to an otherwise pure air stream compressed by rotating fan blades in a duct. It was installed in his Coandă-1910 but this craft probably never flew. Rocket-powered jet aircraft were pioneered in Germ... | [
{
"docid": "20337300",
"text": "the Jet as being the first personal luxury car. In 2000, \"Daily Herald\" journalist Jerry Turnquist called it \"America's first, high performance, four-seat sports car\". It is also considered to be an orphan car. After production of the Jet ended in 1954, \"Madman\" Muntz i... |
214 | How many children did Bob Marley have? | [] | [
{
"docid": "9249701",
"text": "4 November 1980, shortly before his death. Bob Marley married Alpharita Constantia \"Rita\" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on 10 February 1966. Marley had many children: four with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different ... | [
{
"docid": "9249687",
"text": "injuries but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm. The attempt on his life was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an in... |
215 | What movie won the Academy Award for best picture in 1989? | [] | [
{
"docid": "736706",
"text": "for Best Picture and Best Director have been closely linked throughout their history. Of the 90 films that have won Best Picture, 63 have also been awarded Best Director. Only four films have been awarded Best Picture without receiving a Best Director nomination: \"Wings\" (192... | [
{
"docid": "736702",
"text": "2002, showcase every film that has won the Best Picture title since the award's inception. As of 2018, there have been 546 films nominated for Best Picture and 90 winners. At the 1st Academy Awards ceremony (for 1927 and 1928), there were two categories of awards that were each... |
216 | What island was Napoleon exiled to after his defeat at Waterloo? | [] | [
{
"docid": "781747",
"text": "spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba off the coast of Tuscany, and the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power. However, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again. The Allies responded b... | [
{
"docid": "725243",
"text": "once again separated from Hortense. At the age of seven, Louis-Napoleon visited his uncle at the Tuileries Palace in Paris. Napoleon held him up to the window to see the soldiers parading in the courtyard of the Carousel below. He last saw his uncle with the family at the Châte... |
217 | What is Elvis Presley's middle name? | [] | [
{
"docid": "118959",
"text": "including pop, country, blues, and gospel, he is the best-selling solo artist in the history of recorded music. He won three competitive Grammys, received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Elvis Presley was... | [
{
"docid": "9817326",
"text": "a product picturing an overweight Elvis.\" Since 1979 \"EPE has filed more than a hundred lawsuits to assert the estate's exclusive right to Elvis's name and likeness.\" Later, EPE was wholly owned by the \"Elvis Presley Trust\" and Elvis' daughter, Lisa Marie Presley until Fe... |
218 | What does "CBS" (television network) stand for? | [] | [
{
"docid": "3560034",
"text": "CBS Television Studios CBS Studios, Inc., doing business as CBS Television Studios (CTS) is an American television production company that was formed on January 17, 2006 by CBS Corporation as CBS Paramount Television, merging Paramount Television and CBS Productions. It is the... | [
{
"docid": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comme... |
219 | What is the literacy rate in Cuba? | [] | [
{
"docid": "6105360",
"text": "97% of Cubans ages 15–24 were literate. Literacy provided poor uneducated Cubans a better standing in the country and the world. Education was vital to the new government. The leaders believed that for Cuba to be strong and for citizens to be active participants in society, th... | [
{
"docid": "6105357",
"text": "one of the oldest in the American continent. In 1900 Cuba had a literacy rate of 36.1% to 42% depending on the source, one of the highest among developing countries. By the early 1900s Cuba had a strong education system, but it was only attended by half of the country’s childr... |
220 | When was the U.S. capitol built? | [] | [
{
"docid": "6804412",
"text": "among many others. The westernmost part of the grounds is the Capitol Reflecting Pool, which reflects the Capitol and the Ulysses S. Grant Memorial. Construction of the Capitol began in 1793. When built, it was the only existing building for the use by the nation's legislature... | [
{
"docid": "19260134",
"text": "U Lazy S Ranch The U Lazy S Ranch, formerly known as the Square and Compass Ranch, is a historic ranch in Garza County, Texas, USA. The ranch was established as the Square and Compass Ranch in 1884. By 1901, when it was acquired by John Bunyan Slaughter, the ranch spanned 99,... |
221 | Who is the author of the poem "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere?" | [] | [
{
"docid": "19826368",
"text": "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting) The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere is a 1931 painting by the American artist Grant Wood. It depicts the American patriot Paul Revere during his midnight ride on April 18, 1775. The perspective is from a high altitude as Revere rides t... | [
{
"docid": "19826369",
"text": "2017. The painting belonged to Mr. and Mrs. Cecil M. Gooch in Memphis, Tennessee from 1931 to 1950, after which it was given to YWCA Memphis as a gift. The same year it was sold for 15,000 dollars to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere (painting) ... |
222 | How many children did Maria Theresa have? | [] | [
{
"docid": "587738",
"text": "the Prussian territories that were occupied. Although Silesia remained under the control of Prussia, a new balance of power was created in Europe, and Austrian position was strengthened by it thanks to its alliance with the Bourbons in Madrid, Parma and Naples. Maria Theresa he... | [
{
"docid": "13178425",
"text": "Maria Theresa Short Maria Theresa Short was an entrepreneur who increased public access to scientific equipment in Edinburgh in the 19th century. In the early 18th century, the Short family were scientific instrument makers in Edinburgh’s Southside. In 1776 their son Thomas l... |
223 | What does HTML stand for? | [] | [
{
"docid": "164633",
"text": "Is What You Mean). WYSIWYG editors remain a controversial topic because of their perceived flaws such as: HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript, it form... | [
{
"docid": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comme... |
224 | In what city the first nuclear bomb exploded? | [] | [
{
"docid": "14273223",
"text": "the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings (including the headquarters of the 2nd General Army and Fifth Division) and killed approximately 75,000 people, among them 20,000 Japanese soldiers and 20,000 Korean slave laborers. Detonation of the Fat Man device exploded over the ... | [
{
"docid": "7671640",
"text": "Mark 24 nuclear bomb The Mark 24 nuclear bomb was an American thermonuclear bomb design, based on the third American thermonuclear bomb test, Castle Yankee. The Mark 24 bomb was tied as the largest weight and size nuclear bomb ever deployed by the United States, with the same ... |
225 | What dam is said the be the largest hydroelectric station in the world? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18485600",
"text": "Evenk hydroelectric power plant The Evenk Hydroelectric Power Plant, formerly the HPP Turukhansk, is a proposed power station on the Lower Tunguska River in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of Russia. The projected dam will be the largest hydroelectric power station in Russia, with ... | [
{
"docid": "13850550",
"text": "of pumped storage generating capacity, accounting for 2.5% of baseload generating capacity. Bath County Pumped Storage Station is the largest such facility in the world. Other stations of this type include Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant, Bear Swamp Hydroelectric Power ... |
226 | When was Mariah Carey born? | [] | [
{
"docid": "260813",
"text": "adopts a homeless dog. Mariah Carey Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer and songwriter. Referred to as the \"Songbird Supreme\" by the \"Guinness World Records\", she is noted for her five-octave vocal range, power, melismatic style, and signature u... | [
{
"docid": "17268838",
"text": "Beautiful (Mariah Carey song) \"#Beautiful\" is a song recorded by American singers Mariah Carey and Miguel. It was released as the lead single from Carey's fourteenth studio album, \"Me. I Am Mariah... The Elusive Chanteuse\" (2014). \"#Beautiful\" was written by Carey, Migu... |
227 | How many cabinet officers are there? | [] | [
{
"docid": "17173776",
"text": "How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was re... | [
{
"docid": "13231793",
"text": "How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and b... |
228 | How did Anne Frank die? | [] | [
{
"docid": "3416084",
"text": "3 October 2007. In June 2007, \"Buddy\" Elias donated some 25,000 family documents to the Anne Frank House. Among the artefacts are Frank family photographs taken in Germany and the Netherlands and the letter Otto Frank sent his mother in 1945, informing her that his wife and ... | [
{
"docid": "3416065",
"text": "will always be, challenged by the likes of Anne Frank, they are bound to fail.\" Also in 1994, Václav Havel said \"Anne Frank's legacy is very much alive and it can address us fully\" in relation to the political and social changes occurring at the time in former Eastern Bloc ... |
229 | What country is home to Sabena Airlines? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1411304",
"text": "Sabena livery, in which a lighter blue was used and the titles on the fuselage were in a more modern style. In June 1986 the first of two Boeing 747-300 aircraft joined the fleet, eventually replacing the older 747-100s. In an advertisement in \"National Geographic\" June 1982... | [
{
"docid": "17143676",
"text": "specializes in the maintenance and repair of components, customized global support packages, management and distribution of spare parts, and Ground Support Test Equipment. The acquisition of this company consolidates the presence of Sabena technics across the Atlantic. This p... |
230 | What type of bee drills holes in wood? | [] | [
{
"docid": "2228303",
"text": "of birds, such as shrikes and bee-eaters as well as some mammals such as ratels. Other predators include large species of Mantodea and predatory flies, particularly large species of the family Asilidae. Woodpeckers are attracted to the noise of the bee larvae and drill holes a... | [
{
"docid": "5192995",
"text": "Mason bee Mason bee is a name now commonly used for species of bees in the genus Osmia, of the family Megachilidae. Mason bees are named for their habit of using mud or other \"masonry\" products in constructing their nests, which are made in naturally occurring gaps such as b... |
231 | What year did South Dakota become a state? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18265418",
"text": "South Dakota–South Dakota State football rivalry The South Dakota–South Dakota State football rivalry (also the South Dakota Showdown Series) between the South Dakota Coyotes and the South Dakota State Jackrabbits is a yearly rivalry match-up in football between the two large... | [
{
"docid": "18265421",
"text": "their new stadium Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium. (19,340 seats). \"The numbers represent what national ranking each team was at the time of the game.\" South Dakota–South Dakota State football rivalry The South Dakota–South Dakota State football rivalry (also the South Dakota Show... |
232 | Which country exports the most tea? | [] | [
{
"docid": "15409196",
"text": "trade, British entrepreneur John Dodd began working with tea merchants and farmers to promote Taiwan tea, slowly developing it as an export item. Before long, tea ranked first among Taiwan’s top three exports, ahead of sugar and camphor. The earliest teas exported during the ... | [
{
"docid": "5526105",
"text": "tea industry witnessed an exponential rise in tea exports, accounting for almost 4,000 – 5,000 tons per annum. At present, Nepal produces approximately 16.29 million kilograms of tea per annum on an area of 16,718 hectares. It accounts for only 0.4% of the total world tea outp... |
233 | What does a theodolite measure? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1845305",
"text": "does not measure vertical angles, and is used only for levelling on a horizontal plane. Temporary adjustments are a set of operations necessary in order to make a theodolite ready for taking observations at a station. These include its setting up, centering, leveling up and el... | [
{
"docid": "1845321",
"text": "does not change as the elevation is changed through a complete 180 degrees. The theodolite is typically mounted on a rugged steel stand, set up so it is level and pointed north, with the altitude and azimuth scales reading zero degrees. A balloon is released in front of the th... |
234 | When was the White House built? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18133187",
"text": "of high-style Federal woodwork. The house was built about 1799 or 1800 for Joseph Haven, a prosperous merchant. The stable at the rear of the property is a two-story building dating to the same period, which includes keystoned arches over its major openings, and a period ocul... | [
{
"docid": "15364111",
"text": "White House of the Chickasaws The White House of the Chickasaws in Milburn, Oklahoma was built in 1895. It was designed by Dallas architect W.A. Waltham in the Queen Anne style. The house is also known as Gov. Douglas H. Johnston House, because Chickasaw Governor Douglas Hanc... |
235 | What is the name of the famous dogsledding race held each year in Alaska? | [] | [
{
"docid": "6151588",
"text": "carry passengers, cargo, and an abundance of items from stores and warehouse clubs. Alaska has the highest number of pilots per capita of any U.S. state: out of the estimated 663,661 residents, 8,550 are pilots, or about one in every 78. Another Alaskan transportation method i... | [
{
"docid": "11611865",
"text": "The Lives of Famous Men The Lives of Famous Men is an American rock band that formed in the Fall of 2006 in Portland, Oregon, each member hailing from Anchorage, Alaska. The band takes its name from the title of a poem by Jack Gilbert. The Lives of Famous Men began rehearsing... |
236 | Which U.S. state is the leading corn producer? | [] | [
{
"docid": "17340614",
"text": "economic crises may cause corn prices to fluctuate or to rise. The value of corn is increasing, due to the country's greater demand and reliance for corn. Iowa, the largest producer of corn in the US, grows three times as much corn as Mexico. Iowa harvested of sweet corn in 2... | [
{
"docid": "17340611",
"text": "Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 also allowed more acreage under corn, overriding the act of 1983, which had fixed it at . There are of land dedicated exclusively to corn cultivation in the United States. The US is the world's leading producer of corn, having produced of th... |
237 | What city is Lake Washington by? | [] | [
{
"docid": "4408517",
"text": "Lake City, Seattle Lake City is the northeast region of Seattle, centered along Lake City Way NE (SR-522), 7–8 miles (11–13 km) northeast of downtown. A broader definition of the Lake City area includes all the land between 15th Avenue NE and Lake Washington, and between NE 95... | [
{
"docid": "13071507",
"text": "Lake Lenore (Washington) Lake Lenore (a.k.a. Lenore Lake) is located in Grant County, Washington. It is a 1,670-acre (680 ha) lake formed by the Missoula Floods in the lower Coulee just north of the town of Soap Lake, Washington. It is situated between Alkali Lake to the nort... |
238 | What county is Wilmington, Delaware in? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1031544",
"text": "Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington (Lenape: \"Paxahakink /\" \"Pakehakink)\" is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Delaware. The city was built on the site of Fort Christina, the first Swedish settlement in North America. It is at the confluence of the Christ... | [
{
"docid": "1031565",
"text": "The current mayor of Wilmington is Mike Purzycki (D). The Delaware Department of Correction Howard R. Young Correctional Institution, renamed from Multi-Purpose Criminal Justice Facility in 2004 and housing both pretrial and posttrial male prisoners, is located in Wilmington. ... |
239 | Who directed the film "Fail Safe"? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1133819",
"text": "Fail Safe (1964 film) Fail Safe is a 1964 Cold War thriller film directed by Sidney Lumet, based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler. It portrays a fictional account of a nuclear crisis. The film features performances by actors Henry Fonda, ... | [
{
"docid": "7696063",
"text": "Fail Safe (2000 film) Fail Safe is a 2000 televised broadcast play, based on \"Fail-Safe\", the Cold War novel by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler. The play, broadcast live in black and white on CBS, starred George Clooney, Richard Dreyfuss, Harvey Keitel, and Noah Wyle, and ... |
240 | What city is the home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame? | [] | [
{
"docid": "695637",
"text": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, recognizes and archives the history of the best-known and most influential artists, producers, engineers, and other notable figures who have had some major ... | [
{
"docid": "695644",
"text": "held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the museum documents the entire history of rock and roll,... |
241 | When was the first practical camera invented? | [] | [
{
"docid": "631883",
"text": "were provided to Daguerre as well as Niépce's son, Isidore. In the 1830s, the English scientist Henry Fox Talbot independently invented a process to fix camera images using silver salts. Although dismayed that Daguerre had beaten him to the announcement of photography, on Janua... | [
{
"docid": "3725902",
"text": "Schmidt camera A Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astrophotographic telescope designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations. The design was invented by Bernhard Schmidt in 1930. Some notable examples are the Samuel... |
242 | When was the first Olympics held? | [] | [
{
"docid": "16685728",
"text": "The First Olympics: Athens 1896 The First Olympics: Athens 1896 is a 1984 US TV miniseries produced by Columbia Pictures Television for broadcast by the NBC network. This television miniseries tells the story of the founding of the modern Olympics by focusing on individuals i... | [
{
"docid": "16001775",
"text": "song live for the first time on \"The Xtra Factor\" on 23 October 2011. It was featured in the opening ceremony for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. When I Was a Youngster \"When I Was a Youngster\" is the second official single released by British hip hop duo Rizzle Kicks... |
243 | When was the first commercially successful steam engine invented? | [] | [
{
"docid": "375338",
"text": "stations and supplying water to water wheels that powered textile machinery. Savery engine was of low cost. Bento de Moura Portugal introduced an improvement of Savery's construction \"to render it capable of working itself\", as described by John Smeaton in the Philosophical T... | [
{
"docid": "13246344",
"text": "in the later half of the 18th century greatly improved steam engine efficiency and allowed more compact engine arrangements. Successful adaptation of the steam engine to marine applications in England would have to wait until almost a century later after Newcomen, when Scotti... |
244 | how long is the day? | [] | [
{
"docid": "3773047",
"text": "How to Live on 24 Hours a Day How to Live on 24 Hours a Day (1910), written by Arnold Bennett, is part of a larger work entitled \"How to Live\". In this volume, he offers droll, practical advice on how one might \"live\" (as opposed to just \"existing\") within the confines o... | [
{
"docid": "9436915",
"text": "novella has also been translated to other languages, such as Thai (as ตลอดกาลน่ะนานแค่ไหน, by Sirindhorn) and Turkish (as \"Sonsuz Ne Kadar Uzun?\", by Nuri Razi). \"How Long Is Forever?\" has been adapted into a 2001 Chinese TV drama series directed by Chen Weiming, starring ... |
245 | What name is horror actor William Henry Pratt better known by? | [] | [
{
"docid": "766792",
"text": "Boris Karloff William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff (), was an English actor who was primarily known for his roles in horror films. He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in \"Frankenstein\" (1931), \"Bride of Franke... | [
{
"docid": "4148629",
"text": "William Henry (actor) William Albert Henry (November 10, 1914 – August 10, 1982) was an American actor working in Hollywood movies. Born in Los Angeles in 1914, Henry started as a child actor, then was a hero in B-movies (mainly westerns), and ended his career as a character a... |
246 | What is the name of the country in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18911313",
"text": "France–Spain border The France–Spain border was formally defined in 1659. It separates the two countries from Hendaye and Irun in the west, running through the Pyrenees to Cerbère and Portbou on the Mediterranean Sea. The Franco-Spanish border runs for between southwestern Fr... | [
{
"docid": "2317585",
"text": "Treaty of the Pyrenees The Treaty of the Pyrenees (, , , ) was signed on 7 November 1659 to end the 1635–1659 war between France and Spain, a war that was initially a part of the wider Thirty Years' War. It was signed on Pheasant Island, a river island on the border between th... |
247 | When was the first submarine not using human-powered propulsion invented? | [] | [
{
"docid": "391576",
"text": "the Spanish navy during the Chincha Islands War. The first submarine not relying on human power for propulsion was the French (\"Diver\"), launched in 1863, which used compressed air at 180 psi (1241 kPa). Narcís Monturiol designed the first air–independent and combustion–power... | [
{
"docid": "487062",
"text": "developed the first high power cooperative target millimeter-wave beam director and used it to attempt the first millimeter-wave thermal rocket launch. Several launches were attempted but problems with the beam director could not be resolved before funding ran out in March 2014... |
248 | What is the atomic number of uranium? | [] | [
{
"docid": "433620",
"text": "Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotope... | [
{
"docid": "9417",
"text": "Atomic number The atomic number or proton number (symbol \"Z\") of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the... |
249 | What is the chemical formula of methane? | [] | [
{
"docid": "12243516",
"text": "Methane Methane ( or ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen). It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an attrac... | [
{
"docid": "88824",
"text": "of chemical formulas. For example, alcohols may be represented by the formula CHOH (\"n\" ≥ 1), giving the homologs methanol, ethanol, propanol for \"n\"=1–3. The Hill system (or Hill notation) is a system of writing empirical chemical formulas, molecular chemical formulas and c... |
250 | What county is San Antonio, Texas in? | [] | [
{
"docid": "16804606",
"text": "Stevens Building (San Antonio, Texas) The Stevens Building is located in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. Completed in 1891, architect James Riely Gordon designed the building for local businessman John J. Stevens. It is listed on the National ... | [
{
"docid": "8972030",
"text": "San Antonio station (Texas) San Antonio is an Amtrak railroad station located on the eastern portion of Downtown San Antonio, in San Antonio, Texas. San Antonio Station hosts two Amtrak services; the tri-weekly \"Sunset Limited\" and the daily \"Texas Eagle\". Four days a week... |
251 | How much gravity exists on Mars? | [] | [
{
"docid": "20383437",
"text": "of LIDAR on site in determining the exact landing position and other protective measures. Gravity of Mars The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought towards it. It is... | [
{
"docid": "20383398",
"text": "gravity. This reveals how stiff the interior is, and shows that the core is partially liquid. The study of surface gravity of Mars can therefore yield information about different features and provide beneficial information for future landing projects. To understand the gravit... |
252 | What female leader succeeded Ferdinand Marcos as president of the Philippines? | [] | [
{
"docid": "19681968",
"text": "in a private ceremony on November 18, 2016. It resulted in widespread expressions of indignation and nationwide protests. After Ferdinand Marcos died in 1989, his family attempted to bring his remains from Hawaii to the Philippines but the administration President Corazon Aqu... | [
{
"docid": "18619252",
"text": "Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos (who died in exile in 1989), took the offer as a \"kind gesture\" but said that efforts to fix the monument should be a \"collective decision of the Marcoses and their supporters\". Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the former presid... |
253 | What color belt is first in karate? | [] | [
{
"docid": "15154503",
"text": "Tai Sing Mon, 1000 Buddhas, Five Dragons Face the Four Winds, Sneaky Snake, Sad Snails, Wounded Tigers, Immortal Monkey and the Plum Tree Blocking System. Shaolin Kempo Karate is built on the notion that all martial arts styles can be characterized as using one or more of the... | [
{
"docid": "20263159",
"text": "bar at 5 black belt degrees. Allen R. Steen is a 10th-degree black belt who earned his 1st degree black belt in 1961 in Tae Kwon Do from Jhoon Rhee. Steen opened the first karate school in Texas in 1962 and became known as the \"Father of Texas Blood and Guts Karate.\" He als... |
254 | Where did Kublai Khan live? | [] | [
{
"docid": "12812198",
"text": "Medicine in Beijing and Shangdu. In Beijing was the renown \"Guang Hui Si\" \"Department of extensive mercy\", where Hui medicine and surgery were taught. Avicenna's works were also published in China during that period. Muslim mathematicians introduced Euclidean Geometry, Sp... | [
{
"docid": "12812229",
"text": "family. Kublai harshly punished the darughachi appointed by the rebels in Mongolia and Manchuria. This rebellion forced Kublai to approve the creation of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat on December 4, 1287, while rewarding loyal fraternal princes. Kublai Khan dispatched his g... |
255 | What is the chemical formula for sulphur dioxide? | [] | [
{
"docid": "614644",
"text": "2011 systematic review concluded that exposure to sulfur dioxide is associated with preterm birth. In the United States, the Center for Science in the Public Interest lists the two food preservatives, sulfur dioxide and sodium bisulfite, as being safe for human consumption exce... | [
{
"docid": "128694",
"text": "Empirical formula In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest positive integer ratio of atoms present in a compound. A simple example of this concept is that the empirical formula of sulphur monoxide, or SO, would simply be SO, as is the empirical... |
256 | What is Karl Malone's nickname? | [] | [
{
"docid": "2615815",
"text": "DDP lost to Rodman and Hogan. The event was a massive financial success for the company, drawing the highest pay-per-view buyrate of 1998 and one of the highest in the company's history. Karl Malone Karl Anthony Malone (born July 24, 1963) is an American retired professional b... | [
{
"docid": "2615813",
"text": "two car dealerships in Utah. Karl Malone Toyota is in the Salt Lake City suburb of Draper, Utah, while Karl Malone Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram is in Heber City, Utah. Malone previously co-owned a Toyota dealership in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with Larry H. Miller Dealerships, but s... |
257 | What city does the Tour de France end in? | [] | [
{
"docid": "4888887",
"text": "Mountains classification in the Tour de France The mountains classification is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1933. It is given to the rider that gains the most points for reaching mountain summits first. The leader of the classification is name... | [
{
"docid": "413028",
"text": "idea of the shape of their country until \"L'Auto\" began publishing maps of the race. The Tour has inspired several popular songs in France, notably \"P'tit gars du Tour\" (1932), \"Les Tours de France\" (1936) and \"Faire le Tour de France\" (1950). Kraftwerk had a hit with \... |
258 | What year did Alaska become a state? | [] | [
{
"docid": "8003881",
"text": "Archives 1st Alaska State Legislature The 1st Alaska State Legislature served during 1959 and 1960. All of its members were elected on November 25, 1958, when Alaska was in its last days as a territory. The Alaska Constitution established that legislative terms begin on the fo... | [
{
"docid": "5990098",
"text": "Alaska Law Enforcement Museum is a small museum located at 245 W. 5th Avenue, Suite 113 across from the 5th Avenue Mall in downtown Anchorage, operated by the Fraternal Order of Alaska State Troopers. The museum commemorates the Alaska State Troopers and features a variety of ... |
259 | What was the Beatles' first number one hit? | [] | [
{
"docid": "402537",
"text": "eleven of their twelve studio albums released in the United Kingdom through to 1970 reached number one. The band's third single, \"From Me to You\", came out in April and was also a chart-topping hit, starting an almost unbroken string of seventeen British number-one singles fo... | [
{
"docid": "8080676",
"text": "The Beatles' First The Beatles' First is the first British packaging of the 1962 German album by Tony Sheridan and The Beat Brothers called \"My Bonnie\". It was recorded in Hamburg in 1961. It has been released in 1964, 1967 and 2004. \"The Beatles' First\" was released in 19... |
260 | When did Houdini die? | [] | [
{
"docid": "640596",
"text": "Throughout the evening, Houdini performed in great pain. He was unable to sleep and remained in constant pain for the next two days, but did not seek medical help. When he finally saw a doctor, he was found to have a fever of and acute appendicitis, and was advised to have imme... | [
{
"docid": "9323250",
"text": "Houdini Museum The Houdini Museum is located at Scranton, Pennsylvania. Houdini appeared in Scranton and did several special challenges there. His brother, Hardeen, also appeared in Scranton and in its sister city, Wilkes-Barre. The longest engagement of Houdini's career was i... |
261 | What is the density of water? | [] | [
{
"docid": "481748",
"text": "the reference. (By convention \"ρ\", the Greek letter rho, denotes density.) The reference material can be indicated using subscripts: \"RD\", which means \"the relative density of \"substance\" with respect to \"reference\"\". If the reference is not explicitly stated then it ... | [
{
"docid": "18635020",
"text": "What the Water Gave Me (painting) What the Water Gave Me (\"Lo que el agua me dio\" in Spanish) is an oil painting by Frida Kahlo that was completed in 1938. It is sometimes referred to as What I Saw in the Water. Frida Kahlo’s \"What the Water Gave Me\" was her biography. As... |
262 | When was the Rosenberg trial? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1520044",
"text": "device as used in the \"Little Boy\" bomb dropped on Hiroshima). He also testified that his sister Ethel Rosenberg typed notes containing U.S. nuclear secrets in the Rosenberg apartment in September 1945. The Rosenbergs both remained defiant as the trial progressed. During tes... | [
{
"docid": "18796253",
"text": "Chuck Rosenberg Charles Philip \"Chuck\" Rosenberg is the former acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration. He was appointed in May 2015 following the resignation of Michele Leonhart. Rosenberg received his B.A. from Tufts University, his M.P.P. from Harvard Universi... |
263 | What was Denzel Washington's first television series? | [] | [
{
"docid": "17232760",
"text": "Denzel Washington on screen and stage Denzel Washington is an American actor who made his feature film debut in \"Carbon Copy\" (1981). In 1982, Washington made his first appearance in the medical drama \"St. Elsewhere\" as Dr. Philip Chandler. The role proved to be the break... | [
{
"docid": "970123",
"text": "of the Messianic Jews' congregation in Haifa. In April 2014, Washington presented at Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS Easter Bonnet Competition with Bryan Cranston, Idina Menzel and Fran Drescher, after raising donations at his Broadway show \"A Raisin in the Sun\". Denzel Was... |
264 | What river runs through Rome, Italy? | [] | [
{
"docid": "14222368",
"text": "of the frontier, there was no wall, but the line of certain buildings supplied part of the boundary, and for a small part of the frontier a modern wall was constructed. The territory includes Saint Peter's Square, distinguished from the territory of Italy only by a white line... | [
{
"docid": "8446707",
"text": "nominated for Best Director - Motion Picture, but did not win. A River Runs Through It (film) A River Runs Through It is a 1992 American period coming-of-age drama film directed by Robert Redford and starring Craig Sheffer, Brad Pitt, Tom Skerritt, Brenda Blethyn, and Emily Ll... |
265 | What was the first spaceship on the moon? | [] | [
{
"docid": "17102436",
"text": "the spaceship blasts-off. The others find gold and minerals, but when they fire a mortar into a rock formation, liquid begins bubbling out. An excited Feodor rushes over and sticks his hands into the flow. He is badly burnt. On the way back to the spaceship, a crew member sin... | [
{
"docid": "10129254",
"text": "First Spaceship on Venus First Spaceship on Venus, (a.k.a. in German: Der Schweigende Stern; in Polish: Milcząca Gwiazda; literal English translation: The Silent Star), also known in English as Planet of the Dead and Spaceship Venus Does Not Reply, is a 1960 East German/Polis... |
266 | What is tequila made from? | [] | [
{
"docid": "516473",
"text": "orange after, while \"tequila blanco\" (white) is consumed with salt and lime. If the bottle of tequila does not state on the label that it is manufactured from 100% blue agave (no sugars added), then, by default, that tequila is a \"mixto\" (manufactured from at least 51% blue... | [
{
"docid": "516475",
"text": "When served neat (without any additional ingredients), tequila is most often served in a narrow shot glass called a \"caballito\" (little horse, in Spanish), but can often be found in anything from a snifter to a tumbler. The Consejo Regulador del Tequila approved an \"official... |
267 | What year was the gateway arch built? | [] | [
{
"docid": "599954",
"text": "earliest buildings of St. Louis; the Old Courthouse, a former state and federal courthouse that saw the origins of the \"Dred Scott\" case; the museum at the Gateway Arch; and most notably the Gateway Arch, a steel catenary arch that has become the definitive icon of the city. ... | [
{
"docid": "643243",
"text": "Gateway Arch The Gateway Arch is a monument in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessib... |
268 | What Spanish explorer discovered the Mississippi River? | [] | [
{
"docid": "262234",
"text": "as the \"Gichi-ziibi\". The Cheyenne, one of the earliest inhabitants of the upper Mississippi River, called it the \"Máʼxe-éʼometaaʼe\" (Big Greasy River) in the Cheyenne language. The Arapaho name for the river is \"Beesniicíe\". The Pawnee name is \"Kickaátit\". The Mississi... | [
{
"docid": "10784941",
"text": "and La Guajira departments. The territory was discovered by Spanish explorer Alonso de Ojeda in 1499, though he never landed. A short time later, Juan de la Cosa, another Spanish explorer, landed on what is today called Cabo de la Vela (Cape of Sails) in the Guajira Peninsula... |
269 | When was penicillin first used? | [] | [
{
"docid": "313083",
"text": "was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins ... | [
{
"docid": "313082",
"text": "Penicillin Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use). Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective ag... |
270 | When was Abraham Lincoln born? | [] | [
{
"docid": "15423",
"text": "Other Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war... | [
{
"docid": "7167146",
"text": "Abraham Lincoln (captain) Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the grandfather of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Captain Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Sa... |
271 | When was Jerusalem invaded by the general Titus? | [] | [
{
"docid": "664936",
"text": "When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, he besieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and the Second Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph: the Arch of Titus commemorates h... | [
{
"docid": "664944",
"text": "Tenth Legion. He was later joined at Ptolemais by Titus with the Fifteenth Legion. With a strength of 60,000 professional soldiers, the Romans prepared to sweep across Galilee and march on Jerusalem. The history of the war was covered in detail by the Roman-Jewish historian Jos... |
272 | Who was the architect who designed the Empire State Building? | [] | [
{
"docid": "122659",
"text": "Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. Its name is deri... | [
{
"docid": "122775",
"text": "a 2007 survey, the American Institute of Architects found that the Empire State Building was \"America's favorite building\". The building was originally a symbol of hope in a country devastated by the Depression, as well as a work of accomplishment by newer immigrants. The wri... |
273 | How many Earth days does it take for Mars to orbit the sun? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18192277",
"text": "Orbit of Mars Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million kilometers), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. The planet orbits the Sun in 687 days and travels 9.55 AU in doing so, making the average orbital speed 24 km/s. The eccentricity is grea... | [
{
"docid": "13826658",
"text": "Mars orbit rendezvous Mars orbit rendezvous (MOR) is a space travel concept where two spacecraft meet up and/or dock in Mars orbit. For example, one vehicle takes off from Mars, such as a Martian ascent stage, and does a rendezvous in Mars orbit with another spacecraft. Appli... |
274 | What college did Magic Johnson go to? | [] | [
{
"docid": "472301",
"text": "such as Indiana and UCLA, he decided to play close to home. His college decision came down to Michigan and Michigan State in East Lansing. He ultimately decided to attend Michigan State when coach Jud Heathcote told him he could play the point guard position. The talent already... | [
{
"docid": "3504581",
"text": "Magic Johnson Enterprises Magic Johnson Enterprises is an American investment company owned by retired NBA Hall of Fame legend Magic Johnson. In 1995, after some criticism that he only invested with other people's money, Johnson took an equity stake along with what was then th... |
275 | When did the United States enter World War II? | [] | [
{
"docid": "15819497",
"text": "United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all... | [
{
"docid": "3400505",
"text": "included clasps, the World War II Victory Medal did not. This was because campaign medals were awarded instead. World War II Victory Medal (United States) The World War II Victory Medal is a service medal of the United States military which was established by an Act of Congres... |
276 | When was the battle of Shiloh? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1283312",
"text": "20, 1980, describes a visit to the site of the battle by a modern couple whose marriage is about to collapse. In Frederick Forsyth's 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", one of the main plots is of the Phantom composing an opera set during the battle called \"The Angel of ... | [
{
"docid": "1283311",
"text": "'What I Saw of Shiloh' is Bierce's best work. The song \"Shiloh's Hill\" was written shortly after the battle and soon became a popular civil war tune. The Battle of Shiloh was depicted in the 1962 film \"How the West Was Won\", directed by John Ford. Shel Silverstein wrote \"... |
277 | What is the legal age to vote in Argentina? | [] | [
{
"docid": "4019587",
"text": "Elections in Argentina \"This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina. For details of Argentine government institutions and political parties, see Politics of Argentina.\" At the national level, Argentina elects a head of state (the President) and... | [
{
"docid": "15583729",
"text": "is already common, but NHTSA spokeswoman Evelyn Avant believes that lowering the drinking age would lead to even more alcohol use among young people. Legal drinking age controversy in the United States The legal drinking age varies from country to country. In the United State... |
278 | What country was formed in 1948? | [] | [
{
"docid": "14040459",
"text": "states, is a matter of dispute but around 80 percent of the Arab inhabitants of what became Israel (half of the Arab total of Mandatory Palestine) left or were expelled from their homes. About 250,000–300,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled before the Israeli Declaration o... | [
{
"docid": "18489000",
"text": "1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships The 1948 NCAA Cross Country Championships were the tenth annual cross country meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate cross country running in the United States. Since the current multi-division fo... |
279 | How many tentacles do squids actually have? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18887745",
"text": "Han, Later Zhou, Later Shu, Song dynasty and Southern Tang). How Much Sorrow Do You Have How Much Sorrow Do You Have, also known as The Real Warrior in some countries, is a 2005 Chinese historical drama produced by Beijing HualuBaina Film & TV Co. It was first broadcast on Ch... | [
{
"docid": "3517419",
"text": "Prince and Jazze Pha, alongside members of Parliament-Funkadelic. The album is compiled from different sessions over the last decade and is presented as a taste of more new Parliament and Funkadelic material to come. Clinton cited it as \"one of the best records we've ever don... |
280 | Who was the first African-American speaker of the California State Assembly? | [] | [
{
"docid": "2791476",
"text": "Companies to operate ridesharing services in California. Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. Brown served over 30 years in the California State Assembly, spending 15 years as its speaker and ... | [
{
"docid": "18725746",
"text": "the incumbent speaker is Rt. Hon. Mudashiru A. Obasa Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly The Speaker of the Lagos State House of Assembly is the political head of the Lagos State House of Assembly. Elected by the Members of the Assembly, the speaker's statutory duty ... |
281 | What are wavelengths of visible light measured in? | [] | [
{
"docid": "519256",
"text": "Visible spectrum The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 ... | [
{
"docid": "7213403",
"text": "High-energy visible light In ophthalmology, high-energy visible light (HEV light) is high-frequency, high-energy light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum. Despite a lack of concurring scientific evidence, HEV light has sometimes been claimed to ... |
282 | Which planet did the spacecraft Magellan enable scientists to research extensively? | [] | [
{
"docid": "8124770",
"text": "was just coming to a close. The Magellan Project Science room became notorious for its hanging of long thermal print strips of image data (FBIDRs) along the walls of a spacious room. This was the first form in which the imagery of the surface of Venus was seen due to the long,... | [
{
"docid": "8124769",
"text": "Magellan scientists The Magellan project was set up so that the initial images and data from the Magellan probe were only for use and study by a team of principal investigators from a variety of universities and institutions, and by the Magellan Project Science Team. These sci... |
283 | How many moons does Neptune have? | [] | [
{
"docid": "3431501",
"text": "place, both moons appear to have similar (\"grey\") colors, implying that Halimede could be a fragment of Nereid. The Neptunian moons are listed here by orbital period, from shortest to longest. Irregular (captured) moons are marked by color. Triton, the only Neptunian moon ma... | [
{
"docid": "3431486",
"text": "moons of Jupiter. Two asteroids share the same names as moons of Neptune: 74 Galatea and 1162 Larissa. The moons of Neptune can be divided into two groups: regular and irregular. The first group includes the seven inner moons, which follow circular prograde orbits lying in the... |
284 | What galaxy is closest to the milky way? | [] | [
{
"docid": "5929235",
"text": "for stars at the outer edge of the Milky Way. Because the orbital velocity depends on the total mass inside the orbital radius, this suggests that the Milky Way is more massive, roughly equaling the mass of Andromeda Galaxy at 7 within of its center. In 2010, a measurement of ... | [
{
"docid": "5929281",
"text": "the Milky Way are Canis Major Dwarf (the closest), Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, and Leo I Dwarf. The smallest dwarf galaxies of the Milky Way are only 500 light-years in diameter. These include Carina Dwarf... |
285 | What person developed COBOL? | [] | [
{
"docid": "85195",
"text": "existing applications. COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper, commonly referred to as \"the (grand)mother of COBOL\". It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portabl... | [
{
"docid": "85262",
"text": "in 1984 that \"academics ... hate COBOL\" and that computer science graduates \"had 'hate COBOL' drilled into them\". A 2013 poll by Micro Focus found that 20% of university academics thought COBOL was outdated or dead and that 55% believed their students thought COBOL was outda... |
286 | What is the inner peel of an orange called? | [] | [
{
"docid": "7582944",
"text": "Peel (fruit) Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peel... | [
{
"docid": "7407531",
"text": "Orange peel (effect) Orange peel is a certain kind of finish that may develop on painted and cast surfaces, even screen protectors. The texture resembles the surface of the skin of an orange. Gloss paint sprayed on a smooth surface (such as the body of a car) should also dry i... |
287 | What year did "Snow White" come out? | [] | [
{
"docid": "12590102",
"text": "Gardner, Melissa Disney, and Katie Von Til, and portrayed live by Stephanie Bennett (\"Descendants\"). Snow White first appears in the film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937). In the film she is depicted as living under her wicked, vain stepmother, the Evil Queen, who... | [
{
"docid": "1393927",
"text": "forest, but after raising his knife, he finds himself unable to kill her when Snow White finds out about her stepmother's plan, tearfully begging \"Spare me this mockery of justice! I will run away into the forest and never come home again!\". Eventually, the huntsman reluctan... |
288 | What is the scientific name for leech? | [] | [
{
"docid": "12255726",
"text": "leech are currently recognised, of which some 100 are marine, 90 terrestrial and the remainder freshwater. Leeches were used in medicine from ancient times until the 19th century to draw blood from patients. In modern times, leeches find medical use in microsurgery, while hir... | [
{
"docid": "10151268",
"text": "Mark Leech Mark Leech (born 9 December 1985 in Dublin, Ireland), is an Irish footballer who played for various clubs in the League of Ireland including St. Patricks Athletic, Drogheda and Shamrock Rovers and is the son of former Shamrock Rovers and Republic of Ireland interna... |
289 | What date was the Declaration of Independence signed on? | [] | [
{
"docid": "434501",
"text": "provide historical and legal clarity about the Constitution and other laws. The Declaration became official when Congress voted for it on July 4; signatures of the delegates were not needed to make it official. The handwritten copy of the Declaration of Independence that was si... | [
{
"docid": "20903774",
"text": "Burmese Declaration of Independence The Burmese Declaration of Independence () was officially promulgated on 4 January 1948, marking the end of British rule in Burma (now Myanmar). The date is now celebrated as Independence Day, a national gazetted holiday. The document was j... |
290 | What is the name of the five pointed star commonly used by Satanists? | [] | [
{
"docid": "7845004",
"text": "Five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically a regular concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and since has become widely... | [
{
"docid": "7845009",
"text": "five-pointed star also came to be widely used in military badges in the 19th century. A red star was used as the badge of XII Corps of the Union Army in the American Civil War, while VII Corps used a five-pointed star in a crescent. In 1916, a five-pointed red star was used by... |
291 | What is the capital of Syria? | [] | [
{
"docid": "18356795",
"text": "of Antioch (1098-1268) and County of Tripoli (1109-1289). The area was also threatened by Shi'a extremists known as Assassins (\"Hassassin\") and in 1260 the Mongols briefly swept through Syria. The withdrawal of the main Mongol army prompted the Mamluks of Egypt to invade an... | [
{
"docid": "16718783",
"text": "Capital punishment in Syria Capital punishment is legal in Syria. Current laws allow the death penalty for treason; espionage; murder; arson resulting in death; attempting a death-eligible crime; recidivism for a felony punishable by forced labor for life; political acts and ... |
292 | What does NASDAQ stand for? | [] | [
{
"docid": "292491",
"text": "NASDAQ The Nasdaq Stock Market (, also known simply as Nasdaq) is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange located in the same city. The exchange platform is owned by Nasda... | [
{
"docid": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comme... |
293 | when did vikings colonize greenland? | [] | [
{
"docid": "628499",
"text": "US–Denmark treaty by the Home Rule government. The 1999–2003 Commission on Self-Governance even proposed that Greenland should aim at Thule Air Base's removal from American authority and operation under the aegis of the United Nations. History of Greenland The first humans are ... | [
{
"docid": "17475093",
"text": "When Vikings Attack! When Vikings Attack! is a fighting video game by British studio Clever Beans. The game was released in November 6, 2012 as a downloadable game for the PlayStation 3 and supports Sony's cross-play feature on the PS Vita. It is included on the \"Best of Pla... |
294 | What president created social security? | [] | [
{
"docid": "661707",
"text": "Social Security Act The Social Security Act of 1935 , now codified as , created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment. In the Second New Deal, the Social Secur... | [
{
"docid": "18363790",
"text": "Social Security Advisory Board The Social Security Advisory Board (SSAB) is an independent, bipartisan board of the United States federal government. It was created by Congress and is appointed by the President and the Congress to advise the President, the Congress, and the C... |
295 | What is the principle port in Ecuador? | [] | [
{
"docid": "119872",
"text": "Ecuador Ecuador ( , ) (), officially the Republic of Ecuador (, which literally translates as \"Republic of the Equator\"; ), is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador al... | [
{
"docid": "14537459",
"text": "support for the Ecuadorian \"Yasuni-ITT program\" to receive international funds in order not to transition to sustainable energy. Ecuador and Iran have also cooperated in the port, agriculture and auto industries. In 2010, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) named both Ec... |
296 | When was Ronald Reagan shot? | [] | [
{
"docid": "14152377",
"text": "Actors Guild Award The Day Reagan Was Shot The Day Reagan Was Shot is a 2001 American made-for-television film drama film directed by Cyrus Nowrasteh and co-produced by Oliver Stone. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss as Alexander Haig and Richard Crenna as Ronald Reagan, and co... | [
{
"docid": "788441",
"text": "Battle Efficiency Award. On 28 May 2009, \"Ronald Reagan\" deployed with Carrier Air Wing 14 to the 7th and 5th Fleet Areas of Responsibility. \"Ronald Reagan\" relieved the CSG and launched her first sorties in support of OEF on 6 July. \"Ronald Reagan\" returned to homeport o... |
297 | What is the name of the professional baseball team in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina? | [] | [
{
"docid": "1221302",
"text": "BOOST, Business Owners Organized to Support Tourism, who opposed the city's anti-motorcycle tourism policy. Myrtle Beach's many stores and malls make it one of the largest shopping areas in the Southeastern United States and the largest shopping destination in South Carolina. ... | [
{
"docid": "1221304",
"text": "off Highway 17 in Myrtle Beach. It opened in 1999 and seats 6,500 people. It is the finish point of the Bi-Lo Myrtle Beach Marathon. TicketReturn.com Field is also home of the annual \"Baseball At The Beach\" collegiate baseball tournament. Hosted by Coastal Carolina Universit... |
298 | What apostle was crucified? | [] | [
{
"docid": "17741608",
"text": "here, in fact only eight of the twelve apostles appear on this tier. From the left, the first icon depicts apostle Thomas. The \"doubting\" disciple was originally a carpenter. He holds a spear in his right hand, symbolizing his martyrdom in India. Bartholomew is the next in ... | [
{
"docid": "11603089",
"text": "The Crucified Soldier The Crucified Soldier refers to the widespread atrocity propaganda story of an Allied soldier serving in the Canadian Corps who may have been crucified with bayonets on a barn door or a tree, while fighting on the Western Front during World War I. Three ... |
299 | What is the text of an opera called? | [] | [
{
"docid": "5287078",
"text": "required. What Men Live By (opera) What Men Live By (\"Čím člověk žije\" in Czech) is an opera in one act by Bohuslav Martinů to an English libretto by the composer, based on \"Where Love Is, There God Is Also\" (1885) by Leo Tolstoy, though he chose to use the more universal ... | [
{
"docid": "4434716",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's mos... |
300 | Where was the first of the International Mathematical Olympiads held? | [] | [
{
"docid": "862573",
"text": "International Mathematical Olympiad The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual six-problem mathematical olympiad for pre-college students, and is the oldest of the International Science Olympiads. The first IMO was held in Romania in 1959. It has since been held... | [
{
"docid": "19858581",
"text": "Thailand at the International Science Olympiads Thailand first participated at the International Science Olympiad (ISO)—a group of academic competitions for secondary school students—in 1989, when it sent representatives to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad i... |
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