| GDP data for 231 nations and territories |
| --- |
| This folder contains economic data for 231 nations and territories for the period 1960–2023. Real GDP per capita and |
| real GDP growth rates are complete for the period 1990–2023, and extend even further back in many cases. The dataset |
| contains the following variables: |
|
|
| - Nominal GDP |
| - Real GDP, in 2015 USD |
| - Nominal GDP/capita |
| - Real GDP/capita, in 2015 USD |
| - GDP real annual growth (in %) |
| - GDP deflator |
| - Exchange rate |
|
|
| # Main sources |
| Data is mostly taken from four sources: |
|
|
| - The [World Bank](https://data.worldbank.org) |
| - [UNCTAD](https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/dataviewer/US.GDPTotal) |
| - The [IMF World Economic Outlook Database](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October) |
| - The [Maddison Project](https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023) |
|
|
| Since we need complete data on real GDP/capita and real growth rates for the years 1990–2023, we fill gaps by |
| extrapolating available data back using the real growth rate, where available. Where this is impossible, we use national |
| statistics and estimates from reliable sources to infer gaps; where no data is available at all, we extrapolate using |
| neighbouring or similar countries. |
|
|
| ### World Bank |
| The World Bank provides data on nominal and real GDP and GDP per capita, as well as |
| growth rates, the GDP deflator, and the exchange rate. |
|
|
| ### IMF |
| The IMF provides GDP/capita in current USD, current PPP, and 2021 PPP, as well as GDP at current prices |
| and GDP % change in their World Economic Outlook dataset. |
|
|
| ### Maddison Project |
| The Maddison Project provides [historical GDP per capita data](https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023.) |
| in const. international 2011 USD. |
|
|
| ### UNCTAD |
| UNCTAD provides real GDP per capita in 2015 USD. |
|
|
| ### UN DESA |
| UN DESA provides some nominal GDP per capita figures [here](https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=SNAAMA&f=grID:101;currID:USD;pcFlag:1&c=2,3,5,6&s=_crEngNameOrderBy:asc,yr:desc&v=1) |
|
|
| # Additional Sources |
| The above datasets allow us to calculate real growth rates for many missing countries and |
| territories, and extrapolate values backwards or forwards to estimate GDP/capita. However, many territories |
| still lack individual values, which we estimate from national statistics (where available), or infer by |
| extrapolating back based on data (e.g. deflators) from neighbouring countries. |
|
|
| ## Caribbean Netherlands |
|
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|  |
|
|
| UN DESA supplies data for the Former Antilles in nominal terms from 1970–2009. These broadly correspond with the WB |
| figures for Curacao, the largest of the islands (Aruba became an independent constituent in 1986). |
| [Statistics Netherlands](https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/figures/detail/85251ENG) gives data for the BES |
| islands from 2012 on, also in nominal terms. We convert and fill the gaps using the deflator for |
| neighbouring Aruba (which uses base year 2013, and is also a constituent part of the Netherlands). |
|
|
| ## French overseas territories |
|  |
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|
| Data from [Statista](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1075036/gdp-french-overseas-regions/). |
| We extrapolate back to 1989 and forward to 2023 using average growth rates. |
|
|
| ## Small Pacific Islands |
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|  |
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|
| Source: [Pacific Community](https://sdd.spc.int/dataset/df_national_accounts). This gives nominal GDP from 2025–2023, |
| as well as country-specific inflation rates until 2022, which we use as a proxy for the GDP deflator. Additionally, we |
| infer missing values using average growth rates from neighbouring countries: |
| - Niue, Wallis-Futuna, Tokelau: deflated using the inflation rate as a proxy |
| - American Samoa, Niue, Wallis-Futuna: extrapolated back using the average growth rates of New Caledonia, |
| Cook Islands, and Fiji |
| - Tokelau: extrpolated back using the growth rate of Fiji |
|
|
| ## Guam, Northern Marianas, U.S. Virgin Islands. |
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|  |
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|
| These are all U.S. overseas territories. |
| We extrapolate Guam and the Marianas back from Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands |
| using an average of Puerto Rico, Antigua, and St. Kitts and Nevis. |
|
|
| ## Serbia and Montenegro |
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|  |
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| We can extrapolate back using the growth rates given by the Maddison Project. |
|
|
| ## South Sudan |
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|  |
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|
| The World Bank data for South Sudan is clearly erroneous. |
| Since we have stocks from South Sudan from before its founding (2011), |
| we can project the GDP of South Sudan back using GDP growth of Sudan |
| and adjusting to match the 2009 value. |
|
|
| ## East Timor |
| The growth rate for 1990 is missing; |
| [this](https://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/wopapub/senate/committee/fadt_ctte/completed_inquiries/1999_02/east_timor/report/c02_pdf.ashx#:~:text=In%20spite%20of%20the%20economic%20crisis%2C%20the,compared%20to%20the%20national%20figure%20of%206.8%.) |
| report by the Australian government suggests an average 10% economic growth from 1987-1997, |
| due to heavy investment in construction. Given the data we already have, this means GDP |
| growth from 1987–1990 must have averaged 11.7%. |
|
|
| ## Western Sahara |
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|  |
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| We use GDP/capita from Morocco, since ESH is under occupation. |
|
|
| ## Saint Pierre-Miquelon |
| We use GDP/capita figures from Canada. |
|
|
| ## Eritrea |
|  |
| We extrapolate past 1990 using data from Ethiopia. |
|
|
| ## Falklands, Isle of Man, Gibraltar, St Helena |
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|  |
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|
| - **Isle of Man**: [Government figures](https://www.gov.im/media/1386794/moodys-isle-of-man-credit-rating-report-december-2024.pdf) |
| estimate real GDP growth at 2.9% in 2022, and 1.5% in 2023. |
| - **Falklands**: Some data is available from the [Falklands government](https://www.falklands.gov.fk/policy/statistics/national-accounts) |
| and [historical archives](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.fk/jdownloads/Trade%20and%20Industry/R-TRA-ECO-2-2.%20Economy%20of%20the%20Falkland%20Islands.pdf). |
| These datapoints match the population-scaled GDP of the Isle of Man very well, so we will the gaps using data from the Isle of Man. |
| - **Gibraltar** [Government figures](https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/uploads/statistics/2024/National%20Income/2024.01.02%20Revised%202024.07.01%20National%20Income%20for%20Website%20BB24.png) |
| give GDP in nominal terms. We use the deflator for GBR. Missing values (pre-2009) are extrapolated back using Isle of Man data. |
| - **St Helena**: Nominal St Helena data is available from the [government website](https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/st-helena/statistics/st-helena-in-figures/economy/#gdp). |
| We extrapolate back using data from Brazil. |
|
|
| ## Faroe Islands |
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|  |
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| We use the Danish deflator to extrapolate back. |
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