Source
stringclasses
1 value
Date
int64
1.98k
2.01k
Text
stringlengths
2
27.1k
Token_count
int64
1
5.57k
fomc
1,977
Exactly. Whether it's a majority or a dissenting member, I just wanted to [be] clear [on] that.
25
fomc
1,977
Well, I think that's something to watch if we--certainly, I hope, no matter what happens, we are not going to get on a new course and start talking about what goes on at these meetings.
43
fomc
1,977
My only concern was, Mr. Chairman--
9
fomc
1,977
Therefore, the possibility of a distorted impression should never arise if we don't talk about it--there will be no possibility of a distorted impression. And I think that's been our practice all along.
38
fomc
1,977
But you could have a reporter ask a majority opinionated member why did you vote for this. Which is the same thing Chuck was saying--why did the dissenter vote for this, or against this.
41
fomc
1,977
Well, I think that whole question has to be reexamined, and what the specific answer may be at the moment, I'm not sure, but I am sure of one thing. And that is we have to work out a procedure whereby the amount of talking we do and the kind, the amount, of talking that we do in response to reporters' inquiries will be...
98
fomc
1,977
I'd like to follow up, if I may, with the most current discussion, and that is, I think, Chuck, you mentioned that there would be two figures published--that is, the range for the federal funds and then the aggregates ranges. But there is one other figure that seems to me to be important if we follow the procedures tha...
97
fomc
1,977
You mean the current rate.
6
fomc
1,977
The current rate, and the question is whether that is a quantified 6-1/2, for example, or whether you use the language that we used in [the] past month's directive. That seems to be the more important issue than perhaps the breadth of the federal funds range, in the sense that you're establishing--when you start moving...
260
fomc
1,977
Well, the answer may be found in saying less, rather than saying more. For example, if, say, the range is 6-1/4 to 6-3/4, and if we want the asymmetrical midpoint, it is not at all clear to me that that is something that has to be made a part of the directive.
72
fomc
1,977
Well, I think that is a very important question. Because, if we are to follow the court's decision, and if we have actually taken a vote that we want asymmetrical, I would judge that the counsel would [say] that that probably would have to be published.
56
fomc
1,977
If we actually took the vote, yes. But we could have a general discussion which would serve as a guide to the Desk without taking a vote, and I think we've frequently done just that.
39
fomc
1,977
I don't know why we couldn't say, Roger--now our current construction says that we think the ranges for the aggregates that we have specified are consistent with a funds rate of about [X]. And I don't see why we couldn't say about 6-1/2 percent. But the Manager may move between 6-3/8 and 6-7/8 if the aggregates seem to...
119
fomc
1,977
If that is something that we want to put into the directive. We may not want to put it in the directive.
24
fomc
1,977
We have, in the past, up until last month, I believe. It is my point that that has been a published figure. It is a figure to stand--
34
fomc
1,977
We may want to change the midpoint at the time the directive is put out. And the same range, we might say we think it's consistent with the funds rate of about 6-5/8 rather than 6-1/2, and then a range from 6-3/8 to 6-7/8.
68
fomc
1,977
Your problem might be a 6-1/2 to 7 percent.
16
fomc
1,977
Well, that would be a problem because you get nothing on the downside.
15
fomc
1,977
Well, yes, the range of 1/2 percentage point, I think, is likely to work quite well when you have a gradual evolution of interest rates. But now, take an extreme case and suppose that the decision were to move to a range of 6-3/4 to 7-1/4; then the purpose that you seek of preventing a jolt, or minimizing the probabili...
92
fomc
1,977
In that case, I guess I'd have to say, Mr. Chairman, we should violate the rule of a 1/2 point in order to keep 6-1/2 percent in the directive.
42
fomc
1,977
Well, if you do violate that rule, that is precisely the time you're going to get a whopping market response.
23
fomc
1,977
I guess you ought to be pretty sure you want it.
12
fomc
1,977
You're going to get it anyway.
7
fomc
1,977
Except you'll be telling the market a lot more than if you always had a 1 point spread. You'd be giving the market a lot more information when you move from a half point to a full point spread.
43
fomc
1,977
Well, one way of dealing with a kind of abrupt change that I spoke of would be to divide that change, to carry out that change in two sets. One decision being made at the time of the FOMC, and a further move that completes the change a couple of weeks later, let's say, in a special meeting or telephone conference.
70
fomc
1,977
But this has--
4
fomc
1,977
That's what I thought. In cases like that, you would move deliberately as expectations were borne out.
20
fomc
1,977
Well, let's move on to questions now. Next to Mr. Roos, please.
18
fomc
1,977
Mr. Chairman, I have a question, and then I'd like to briefly comment. I'd like to direct this to Governor Partee. Just who would be harmed or what are the damaging consequences, damaging to whom, if the market were to move rather abruptly 1/2 point up, and what is the advantage of our not--if I understood Frank Morris...
175
fomc
1,977
I think any of us could speak to this, and I hope they will. I guess my view is, Larry, that it's all right to have the 1/2 point to 3/4 point move in the market if that is the deliberate policy of the Federal Reserve because of a clear, perceived danger that it's working against. But I wouldn't want to have that kind ...
258
fomc
1,977
You know, Mr. Chairman, I see one salutary effect of this Merrill decision, and that is that it is forcing us--at least for the first time since I've been on this group or at least [since I have] been able to understand a little of what we're doing--I think it's forcing us to actually consider some fundamental policy q...
233
fomc
1,977
The intention was to put weight on what the Committee thinks is important now. That is, we did consider whether we should suggest a revolutionary change in procedure to the Committee--for example, run on nonborrowed reserves, which was an experiment we had some time ago. We could have considered, though we didn't expli...
152
fomc
1,977
I think you've done it very well. Let me try an answer to your question, please, Larry. Our present federal funds rate range is 6-1/4 to 6-3/4. Now let's assume, just for purposes of analysis, a modest move in an upward direction, a range of 6-1/2 to 7 percent. We make that decision today, we publicize it today. All ri...
288
fomc
1,977
If the aggregates, sir, were to overshoot in a manner that concerned us, would we be prepared to adjust the interest rate?
27
fomc
1,977
We'd be just as prepared to do that under the new set of rules as we have been hitherto, because no change in policy has been recommended by the Partee [sub]committee. All that the Partee [sub]committee is trying to do is to take the kind of thinking that exists within the Committee and enable us to adjust to the Merri...
88
fomc
1,977
I think there's a question of the interpretation here, as to whether the market would react stronger with a half point or a full point. And that, no one can tell until we try it.
39
fomc
1,977
Then perhaps you could start off with a half, and then you can try 3/4 and see what happens, and try a [full] point and see what happened. But I guess our recommendation is the conservative recommendation--you start thinking small rather than start thinking big.
56
fomc
1,977
Well, it's two things. You are thinking small on analytic grounds, and you're thinking in terms of a small range, because that's where we've been recently.
31
fomc
1,977
That's right.
3
fomc
1,977
Mr. Winn, please.
6
fomc
1,977
I guess my comments are in the same direction, Mr. Chairman. But it seems to me that, with the small range, when we're forced to move it, since we tend to be reluctant to move until we are sure of the aggregates, that you're going to get your next adjustment instantaneously. And if you want to try to smooth that as a s...
189
fomc
1,977
I might add, in consideration of that, presumably the Committee at that point is willing to see the rate effect. We were most concerned with the undesired rate movement. That is, you had a rapid rate increase and there, in order to moderate that, you would be putting out excess reserves. But if, in a consideration betw...
85
fomc
1,977
Well, wouldn't you get it almost all at once this time?
13
fomc
1,977
Oh, I assume so. If you raise the funds rate 1/4 point, you get about a 1/4 point reaction, but that's not outside of the normal mode.
38
fomc
1,977
But just because it went that route of another publicized Committee decision, you could possibly get a bit more of a rate effect because you had to do it that way.
34
fomc
1,977
I think there's just no getting around that; that's what's going to happen. That is, when you move and you say you are moving, you're going to get more of a prompt adjustment than you do now, and so you have to be pretty certain of your ground.
54
fomc
1,977
Well, just a factual point. We have had a 1/2 percent[age point tolerance range in the] federal funds rate since May, and the federal funds rate has moved during that period by approximately 120 basis points. And possibly the reference point here should be the April figure rather than the May figure, in which case it w...
102
fomc
1,977
Mr. Chairman, could you add to that analysis how many [times] we've had special intermeetings?
22
fomc
1,977
Only once, I think--how many--
9
fomc
1,977
Since the May meeting, there was one in August, following the August meeting.
16
fomc
1,977
There were a couple of them back in April.
10
fomc
1,977
There was one in April.
6
fomc
1,977
There was one on May 6, and one on August 5. Those were the only two--
21
fomc
1,977
Well, prior to May of this year we had a range of 3/4 percent except for one month, when we had a range of 1 percent. But I want to repeat what I think is an important part of Mr. Partee's report. Mr. Partee did not recommend that we adopt a federal funds rate [with a] 1/2 percentage point [range]. What he recommended ...
98
fomc
1,977
Yes.
2
fomc
1,977
We do it in recognition [that there] may have to be more frequent adjustments.
17
fomc
1,977
More frequent adjustment between meetings and a recognition of perhaps the desirability of widening the range depending on what we learn about the market behavior. Mr. Mayo, please.
33
fomc
1,977
Well, just continuing on the same theme, I think this is an excellent report, and my only question is, I guess like Phil Coldwell's, to put it a little different way, I think there is perhaps a slight violation, in the 1/2 point recommendation, [of] the basic principle that the Chairman enunciated quite well, that the ...
185
fomc
1,977
Well, I--
4
fomc
1,977
Ordinarily--
3
fomc
1,977
Ordinarily, yes, you have all the escape you need. I just come back to the Chairman's recitation of what we have been doing over the past year, we've had a 1, and a 3/4, and some halves, all of which have been justified in our minds at the time we did it. I don't see any reason to decide today that we are going to depa...
110
fomc
1,977
Well, I don't feel that way. I feel that this recommendation is an important recommendation. I think this discussion is very helpful. Nevertheless, I would accept your conclusion that we need not decide today to observe a federal funds rate range of 1/2 percentage point over the next six months. I don't think we need t...
152
fomc
1,977
It just requires careful thought--
6
fomc
1,977
Sure. Well, that's really all we are saying.
11
fomc
1,977
--when you adopt a broader range.
8
fomc
1,977
We are starting from a half, and it's logical to consider that [as being] home base as we feel our way here. And we will be feeling our way. I had one question which was raised by the speculation earlier. Well, suppose the aggregates are coming in stronger, and we decided we do have to make a move. This may seem like a...
158
fomc
1,977
Well, I would ask you to articulate exactly the document you are talking about.
16
fomc
1,977
These are reports from all of the member [commercial] banks that Steve Axilrod gets in, and so forth. To what extent is this privileged?
31
fomc
1,977
I think the answer is easy. We publish dependable information when we have it.
16
fomc
1,977
Oh, you are making judgments on undependable information?
12
fomc
1,977
Yes, we are, as every statistical agency does.
11
fomc
1,977
Didn't you ever know that?
6
fomc
1,977
I am trying to state, be a devil's advocate here, to be sure that we understand our degree of protection.
24
fomc
1,977
Just to put it pointedly, do we have to publish our projections? Which we haven't.
19
fomc
1,977
That's about it. Well, the preliminary information is supposed to be information as against forecast. There's a line here, today is the line. Are we protected? I hope your answer is yes. I think I'll be sorry I raised the question if it isn't.
52
fomc
1,977
Well, I don't know how. If I may, Mr. Chairman--the requirements in the demands in the Freedom of Information Act, Mr. Mayo, relate to records of an agency. That's the broad concept of that statute. And to the extent that an agency is in possession of what I will refer to as intra-agency information, recommendations, m...
174
fomc
1,977
Okay, thank you.
5
fomc
1,977
All right. Mr. Wallich, please.
10
fomc
1,977
I have two points, Mr. Chairman. One goes somewhat in the direction of what Mr. Roos said. I think we ought to test our procedures here by how well they will allow us to control the aggregates as well as by how well they will allow us to stave off undesired effects in the money market. Now, it is certainly true that ch...
305
fomc
1,977
I think we've had not very frequent--but it hasn't been necessary very frequently--special recommendations made to the Committee in line with the evidence as it turns up, as the aggregates develop, with the recommendation to move beyond the Committee's recommendation. We have done it twice this year; we've done it, I t...
63
fomc
1,977
Earlier, Mr. Chairman, they were very much more frequent, in '73, '74, and '75. If I can remember the count I made, it was eight, nine, and six intermeeting telegrams to change the funds rate range. In the last two years, there were only two each. I think that's a consequence of the movement of the aggregates rather th...
82
fomc
1,977
Well, we can, if we steel ourselves, make these frequent changes. The fact that, of late, we have had 1/2 point spreads and the aggregates have run high are not, I think, completely unrelated, although there have been other reasons that have contributed. So we certainly have to bear in mind that we may have to move the...
170
fomc
1,977
Governor, I read the court's decision as taking the Committee procedure and format as it was found and as described in pleadings that reached the Court of Appeals. I see nothing in that opinion that prohibits this Committee from exercising its own discretion in the format that it adopts. The allusion that I believe you...
114
fomc
1,977
Well, that is, I think any suggestion for a new type of directive will be reviewed by the Partee [sub]committee.
27
fomc
1,977
That's what I had in mind; we are not precluded from--
14
fomc
1,977
In my judgment we are not.
7
fomc
1,977
I think we would want to have an explanation when we [make] a significant change in the directive if we were on a publications schedule--
28
fomc
1,977
Could the explanation be that, because of the conditions created by the immediate announcement, we now face a market problem that we want to cope with by changing our procedure, changing the directive.
37
fomc
1,977
The Committee's explanation, Governor, I counsel only, should not confront any mandate of the Court of Appeals. You have already read, the court has said actions taken by the Committee as reflected in adoption by the Committee should be promptly published. It does not say that you may not change the mode of your arriva...
97
fomc
1,977
All right, let's turn to Mr. Balles now, please.
14
fomc
1,977
Mr. Chairman, I was impressed by the thoroughness of the [Partee sub]committee's search for alternative solutions to the Merrill problem, and if the case goes against us, which we hope it won't, I think we are all going to learn a great deal. And I doubt if we are going to find another final answer to all these problem...
454
fomc
1,977
Which is committee number one, is that the Mitchell committee?
12
fomc
1,977
No, this is the Holland committee--was Holland.
11
fomc
1,977
Well, that was really committee number three.
9
fomc
1,977
Committee number one of my experience, Chuck. That really was committee number three, and it was Holland, Morris, Wallich, and Balles, I guess.
33
fomc
1,977
I think it was before Governor Wallich came on the Board.
13
fomc
1,977
Dane, for awhile; Wallich. Okay, there was a time when that committee, I believe, was unanimous in the spring of 1975 in recommending two things: getting rid of RPs [repurchase agreements] and proposing nonborrowed reserves. Well, when it finally came full circle and we decided to conduct an experiment, I was very sati...
794
fomc
1,977
You know, I follow everything you say with a great deal of sympathy until you get into the political part of the argument. If we had a reserve target, and if in the process of applying it, interest rates moved up, believe me, the Congress would respond in just the way it has been doing. And there may well be great adva...
88
fomc
1,977
Mr. Chairman, I have one other--
9
fomc
1,977
Could be. It's a judgment, and my judgment is the other way.
15