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the people of Galuh are unaware that they have a new king. Aria Kebonan proves |
to be an unpopular ruler. One day, he hears that both Naganingroem and the |
king's former concubine, Dewi Pangrenjep, are pregnant. With Dewi Pangrenjep, |
Aria Kebonan plans to eliminate Naganingroem's son. During childbirth the son |
is replaced with a dog, while Dewi Pangrenjep takes the newborn and throws him |
into a river. He is later found and rescued by farmers, who name him Tjioeng |
Wanara. Dewi Pangrenjep, meanwhile, gives birth to a son, Aria Banga. Years |
pass, and Tjioeng Wanara grows to be a strong young man. Aria Banga, |
meanwhile, has taken over the throne and rules with an iron fist, hated and |
feared by his people. Tjioeng Wanara returns to Galuh and overthrows the king, |
arresting Aria Kebonan and Dewi Pangrenjep; Aria Banga, however, is able to |
escape and establish the kingdom of Majapahit . Tjioeng Wanara rules kindly |
over his people and later moves his capital to Pajajaran . [1] Production [ |
edit ] A production still from the film, showing many supporting actors |
Tjioeng Wanara was directed and produced by Jo Eng Sek for Star Film . It was |
the second production by both Jo and the company, following Pah Wongso |
Pendekar Boediman in 1941. [2] Poerbatjaraka , a scholar of traditional |
literature, served as the historical adviser to the production. [3] |
Cinematography for the black-and-white film was handled by Chok Chin Hsien. |
[4] By June 1941 production was almost complete. [5] The film starred R |
Sukran, Elly Joenara , AB Djoenaedi, Muhamad Arief, and S Waldy . [3] Waldy |
had made his film debut in 1940's Zoebaida for Oriental Film Company, later |
joining Star for Pah Wongso ; [6] Joenara and Arief had begun their cinema |
careers in the latter film. [7] Tjioeng Wanara featured the first on-screen |
performances by Djoenaedi and Sukran. [8] [9] The stars were supported by over |
500 extras and actors in bit parts . [5] As such, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film |
Indonesia records the production as the first "colossal" film in the Indies, |
in terms of scale. [3] Tjioeng Wanara was based on a Sundanese legend of the |
same name , retold by M. A. Salmoen in a 1938 Balai Pustaka -published edition |
which was then adapted by Rd Ariffien ; [2] [3] as such, a review in the |
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad found that the film contained little of the original |
tale except for the characters' names. The film featured traditional arts such |
as the Serimpi dance . [10] Release and reception [ edit ] Though initially |
slated for a July 1941 release, [11] Tjioeng Wanara ultimately premiered at |
the Orion Theatre in Batavia (now Jakarta ) on 18 August 1941. [10] It was |
publicised extensively, [3] often emphasising the role of Poerbatjaraka and |
using the name of Balai Pustaka, the official publishing house of the Dutch |
East Indies government known for its printed versions of traditional tales, in |
advertisements. [10] The film was rated for all ages. [12] The premiere of |
Tjioeng Wanara was shown to a packed theatre. [10] Reception of the film, |
however, was mixed. An anonymous review in the Soerabaijasch Handelsblad was |
positive, considering the film to be successful in its adaptation of the |
legend, [13] while another, in the same newspaper, recommended it. [14] |
Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran , however, writes that some |
viewers considered the film "nothing more than a stage play brought to the |
silver screen". [a] [15] Legacy [ edit ] Star made four further films before |
it was closed in 1942, when the Japanese occupied the Indies ; Jo Eng Sek did |
not direct again. [2] After writing Tjioeng Wanara , Ariffien left Star Film |
to work at a circus; Biran writes that he was disappointed over the work's |
poor reception. [15] Joenara, Arief, and Waldy remained in the film industry; |
Joenara went on to be a producer, [16] while Arief and Waldy later took up |
directing. [17] [18] Neither Djoenaedi nor Sukran are recorded as making |
another film. [8] [9] Tjioeng Wanara was screened as late as June 1948, [19] |
though it is now likely lost . All movies were then shot using flammable |
nitrate film , and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara 's |
warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed. [20] |
As such, American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider suggests that all |
Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost. [21] However, Kristanto records |
several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia 's archives, and Biran |
writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands |
Government Information Service . [22] Explanatory notes [ edit ] ^ Original: " |
tidak lain dari wayang orang atau ketoprak yang dipindahkan ke layar perak " |
References [ edit ] ^ Fientje 1941 , p. 49. ^ a b c Biran 2009 , p. 234. ^ a b |
c d e Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjioeng Wanara . ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kredit . ^ |
a b Fientje 1941 , p. 48. ^ Biran 1979 , p. 488. ^ Biran 2009 , p. 246. ^ a b |
Filmindonesia.or.id, Sukran . ^ a b Filmindonesia.or.id, Djoenaedi . ^ a b c d |
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad 1941, Filmaankondiging Orion . ^ Pertjatoeran Doenia |
dan Film 1941, Warta dari Studio . ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, |
(untitled) . ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna 1 . ^ Soerabaijasch |
Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna 2 . ^ a b Biran 2009 , p. 276. ^ Apa Siapa 1999 , |
p. 175. ^ Biran 1979 , p. 489. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Arief . ^ Pelita Rakjat |
1948, (untitled) . ^ Biran 2012 , p. 291. ^ Heider 1991 , p. 14. ^ Biran 2009 |
, p. 351. Works cited [ edit ] "AB Djoenaedi" . filmindonesia.or.id (in |
Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 |
February 2014 . Retrieved 26 January 2014 . Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia [ |
What and Who: Film Figures in Indonesia ] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Indonesian |
Ministry of Information. 1999. OCLC 44427179 . Biran, Misbach Yusa, ed. |
(1979). Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia 1926–1978 [ What and Who: Film Figures |
in Indonesia, 1926–1978 ]. Sinematek Indonesia. OCLC 6655859 . Biran, Misbach |
Yusa (2009). Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa [ History of Film |
1900–1950: Making Films in Java ] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo |
working with the Jakarta Art Council. ISBN 978-979-3731-58-2 . Biran, Misbach |
Yusa (2012). "Film di Masa Kolonial" [Film in the Colonial Period]. Indonesia |
dalam Arus Sejarah: Masa Pergerakan Kebangsaan [ Indonesia in the Flow of |
Time: The Nationalist Movement ] (in Indonesian). Vol. V. Ministry of |
Education and Culture. pp. 268–93. ISBN 978-979-9226-97-6 . Fientje (June |
1941). "Tjioeng Wanara di atas Layar Perak" [Tjioeng Wanara on the Silver |
Screen]. Pertjatoeran Doenia Dan Film (in Indonesian). Batavia. 1 (1): 48–49. |
"Filmaankondiging Orion: "Tjioeng Wanara" " [Film Announcement, Orion: |
'Tjioeng Wanara']. Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). Batavia. 19 August 1941. |
p. 6. Heider, Karl G (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen . |
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1367-3 . "Kredit Tjioeng |
Wanara" [Credits for Tjioeng Wanara]. filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). |
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 . |
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "M Arief" . filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). |
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 . |
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "R Sukran" . filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian). |
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 . |
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "Sampoerna: 'Tjioeng Wanara' " . Soerabaijasch |
Handelsblad (in Dutch). Surabaya. 28 August 1941. p. 4. "Sampoerna: 'Tjioeng |
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