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the people of Galuh are unaware that they have a new king. Aria Kebonan proves
to be an unpopular ruler. One day, he hears that both Naganingroem and the
king's former concubine, Dewi Pangrenjep, are pregnant. With Dewi Pangrenjep,
Aria Kebonan plans to eliminate Naganingroem's son. During childbirth the son
is replaced with a dog, while Dewi Pangrenjep takes the newborn and throws him
into a river. He is later found and rescued by farmers, who name him Tjioeng
Wanara. Dewi Pangrenjep, meanwhile, gives birth to a son, Aria Banga. Years
pass, and Tjioeng Wanara grows to be a strong young man. Aria Banga,
meanwhile, has taken over the throne and rules with an iron fist, hated and
feared by his people. Tjioeng Wanara returns to Galuh and overthrows the king,
arresting Aria Kebonan and Dewi Pangrenjep; Aria Banga, however, is able to
escape and establish the kingdom of Majapahit . Tjioeng Wanara rules kindly
over his people and later moves his capital to Pajajaran . [1] Production [
edit ] A production still from the film, showing many supporting actors
Tjioeng Wanara was directed and produced by Jo Eng Sek for Star Film . It was
the second production by both Jo and the company, following Pah Wongso
Pendekar Boediman in 1941. [2] Poerbatjaraka , a scholar of traditional
literature, served as the historical adviser to the production. [3]
Cinematography for the black-and-white film was handled by Chok Chin Hsien.
[4] By June 1941 production was almost complete. [5] The film starred R
Sukran, Elly Joenara , AB Djoenaedi, Muhamad Arief, and S Waldy . [3] Waldy
had made his film debut in 1940's Zoebaida for Oriental Film Company, later
joining Star for Pah Wongso ; [6] Joenara and Arief had begun their cinema
careers in the latter film. [7] Tjioeng Wanara featured the first on-screen
performances by Djoenaedi and Sukran. [8] [9] The stars were supported by over
500 extras and actors in bit parts . [5] As such, JB Kristanto's Katalog Film
Indonesia records the production as the first "colossal" film in the Indies,
in terms of scale. [3] Tjioeng Wanara was based on a Sundanese legend of the
same name , retold by M. A. Salmoen in a 1938 Balai Pustaka -published edition
which was then adapted by Rd Ariffien ; [2] [3] as such, a review in the
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad found that the film contained little of the original
tale except for the characters' names. The film featured traditional arts such
as the Serimpi dance . [10] Release and reception [ edit ] Though initially
slated for a July 1941 release, [11] Tjioeng Wanara ultimately premiered at
the Orion Theatre in Batavia (now Jakarta ) on 18 August 1941. [10] It was
publicised extensively, [3] often emphasising the role of Poerbatjaraka and
using the name of Balai Pustaka, the official publishing house of the Dutch
East Indies government known for its printed versions of traditional tales, in
advertisements. [10] The film was rated for all ages. [12] The premiere of
Tjioeng Wanara was shown to a packed theatre. [10] Reception of the film,
however, was mixed. An anonymous review in the Soerabaijasch Handelsblad was
positive, considering the film to be successful in its adaptation of the
legend, [13] while another, in the same newspaper, recommended it. [14]
Indonesian film historian Misbach Yusa Biran , however, writes that some
viewers considered the film "nothing more than a stage play brought to the
silver screen". [a] [15] Legacy [ edit ] Star made four further films before
it was closed in 1942, when the Japanese occupied the Indies ; Jo Eng Sek did
not direct again. [2] After writing Tjioeng Wanara , Ariffien left Star Film
to work at a circus; Biran writes that he was disappointed over the work's
poor reception. [15] Joenara, Arief, and Waldy remained in the film industry;
Joenara went on to be a producer, [16] while Arief and Waldy later took up
directing. [17] [18] Neither Djoenaedi nor Sukran are recorded as making
another film. [8] [9] Tjioeng Wanara was screened as late as June 1948, [19]
though it is now likely lost . All movies were then shot using flammable
nitrate film , and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara 's
warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate were deliberately destroyed. [20]
As such, American visual anthropologist Karl G. Heider suggests that all
Indonesian films from before 1950 are lost. [21] However, Kristanto records
several as having survived at Sinematek Indonesia 's archives, and Biran
writes that several Japanese propaganda films have survived at the Netherlands
Government Information Service . [22] Explanatory notes [ edit ] ^ Original: "
tidak lain dari wayang orang atau ketoprak yang dipindahkan ke layar perak "
References [ edit ] ^ Fientje 1941 , p. 49. ^ a b c Biran 2009 , p. 234. ^ a b
c d e Filmindonesia.or.id, Tjioeng Wanara . ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Kredit . ^
a b Fientje 1941 , p. 48. ^ Biran 1979 , p. 488. ^ Biran 2009 , p. 246. ^ a b
Filmindonesia.or.id, Sukran . ^ a b Filmindonesia.or.id, Djoenaedi . ^ a b c d
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad 1941, Filmaankondiging Orion . ^ Pertjatoeran Doenia
dan Film 1941, Warta dari Studio . ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941,
(untitled) . ^ Soerabaijasch Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna 1 . ^ Soerabaijasch
Handelsblad 1941, Sampoerna 2 . ^ a b Biran 2009 , p. 276. ^ Apa Siapa 1999 ,
p. 175. ^ Biran 1979 , p. 489. ^ Filmindonesia.or.id, Arief . ^ Pelita Rakjat
1948, (untitled) . ^ Biran 2012 , p. 291. ^ Heider 1991 , p. 14. ^ Biran 2009
, p. 351. Works cited [ edit ] "AB Djoenaedi" . filmindonesia.or.id (in
Indonesian). Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2
February 2014 . Retrieved 26 January 2014 . Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia [
What and Who: Film Figures in Indonesia ] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Indonesian
Ministry of Information. 1999. OCLC 44427179 . Biran, Misbach Yusa, ed.
(1979). Apa Siapa Orang Film Indonesia 1926–1978 [ What and Who: Film Figures
in Indonesia, 1926–1978 ]. Sinematek Indonesia. OCLC 6655859 . Biran, Misbach
Yusa (2009). Sejarah Film 1900–1950: Bikin Film di Jawa [ History of Film
1900–1950: Making Films in Java ] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Komunitas Bamboo
working with the Jakarta Art Council. ISBN 978-979-3731-58-2 . Biran, Misbach
Yusa (2012). "Film di Masa Kolonial" [Film in the Colonial Period]. Indonesia
dalam Arus Sejarah: Masa Pergerakan Kebangsaan [ Indonesia in the Flow of
Time: The Nationalist Movement ] (in Indonesian). Vol. V. Ministry of
Education and Culture. pp. 268–93. ISBN 978-979-9226-97-6 . Fientje (June
1941). "Tjioeng Wanara di atas Layar Perak" [Tjioeng Wanara on the Silver
Screen]. Pertjatoeran Doenia Dan Film (in Indonesian). Batavia. 1 (1): 48–49.
"Filmaankondiging Orion: "Tjioeng Wanara" " [Film Announcement, Orion:
'Tjioeng Wanara']. Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). Batavia. 19 August 1941.
p. 6. Heider, Karl G (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen .
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1367-3 . "Kredit Tjioeng
Wanara" [Credits for Tjioeng Wanara]. filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian).
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 .
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "M Arief" . filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian).
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 .
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "R Sukran" . filmindonesia.or.id (in Indonesian).
Jakarta: Konfiden Foundation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 .
Retrieved 26 January 2014 . "Sampoerna: 'Tjioeng Wanara' " . Soerabaijasch
Handelsblad (in Dutch). Surabaya. 28 August 1941. p. 4. "Sampoerna: 'Tjioeng