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66,257,306 | This list includes overviews of notable events that took place in Indonesia in the year 2021.
==Incumbents==
===President and Vice President===
===Ministers and Coordinating Ministers===
====Coordinating Ministers====
====Ministers====
==Events==
=== January ===
1 January - A fisherman from Sulawesi recovered a Chinese seaglider off the coast of South Sulawesi, raising questions on the security of Indonesian airspace and waters.
3 January – At least 20 people were injured after a tornado struck a residential area in Cirebon Regency, West Java.
7 January - Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, the spiritual leader of the Jemaah Islamiyah terrorist organization, was released from Gunung Sindur prison.
8 January
9 January
11 January
12 January - A massive flood swept South Kalimantan after two rivers burst its banks. More than 6,000 homes were submerged and more than 20,000 people were evacuated. At least 5 bodies were recovered from the flood.
13 January
14 January - National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) announced that the commission didn't find any indications of severe human rights violation during the shooting of 6 FPI members in December 2020.
15 January
17 January
20 January - A twitter thread made by two American citizens living in Bali caused heavy backlash among Indonesians due to a perceived exploitation of the loopholes of Indonesian immigration policy. Both of them were later deported.
21 January - A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi at a depth of more than 100 km. Structural damage were reported in several districts.
23 January
25 January
26 January
27 January - Listyo Sigit Prabowo was chosen as the new Chief of the Indonesian National Police.
===February===
1 February - Leader of Indonesia's Democrat Party, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, claimed that one of the senior officials with close ties to Joko Widodo had planned for a "coup d'état" within the party, with a goal of deposing him from his position as the party's leader.
3 February - Governor of Central Java, Ganjar Pranowo, announced a provincial level partial-lockdown for two days.
4 February - Authorities transferred 26 suspected terrorists from Makassar and Gorontalo to an exclusive penitentiary in Cikeas for tighter surveillance.
6 February
7 February - Indonesian Food and Drug Monitoring Agency (BPOM) approved the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine for use in the elderly.
8 February
9 February - More than 35,000 people were evacuated after a massive flood swept through 11 districts in Subang Regency, West Java. A total of 5 people were killed due to the flood.
11 February - At least 3 people were killed after a tug boat exploded in Mahakam River, Samarinda.
15 February - At least 23 people were listed as missing after a massive landslide struck a village in Nganjuk Regency, East Java.
16 February - Indonesian President Joko Widodo ordered the Indonesian People's Representatives Council to revise the controversial Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE) law.
20 February - At least 5 people were killed and hundreds evacuated after massive flood swept the Indonesian capital Jakarta.
24 February
25 February - A shootout at a cafe in Cengkareng, West Jakarta, killed at least 3 people including one member of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.
26 February - At least 400 houses were damaged or destroyed after a tornado struck villages in Demak, Central Java.
27 February - KPK arrested the governor of South Sulawesi Nurdin Abdullah for an alleged corruption case. A total of Rp1 billion rupiah was seized.
===March===
1 March - Some 43 to 60 houses were destroyed and 400 others damaged by a flood in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara.
3 March - Governor of West Java Ridwan Kamil reported the first case of the new COVID-19 UK-variant in Indonesia.
5 March
6 March - Ministry of Health announced tighter screenings in multiple airports and seaports after the discovery of COVID-19 variant in West Java.
10 March
15 March - Amien Rais accused the government of planning to increase the presidential term limit from two terms to three terms.
17 March - BPOM halted the rollout of AstraZeneca vaccine until further research on the vaccine's blood clot issue.
18 March - Forced withdrawal of Indonesian badminton players from the 2021 All England Open sparked criticism from the Indonesian public.
19 March
20 March - A Trigana Air Service Boeing 737-4Y0 skidded off the runway at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, East Jakarta. The plane's four occupants were uninjured.
22 March - A motor vessel carrying 16 people sank off the coast of Jakarta, resulting in three deaths.
25 March - At least 10 people were killed by a fire at a packed residential area in Matraman, East Jakarta.
26 March - The government banned Indonesians from mudik for the second time since 2020.
28 March - A husband and wife perpetrated a suicide bombing during a Palm Sunday service at Sacred Heart Cathedral in Makassar, South Sulawesi. At least 20 people were injured in the attack.
29 March
31 March
===April===
3 April - At least 17 crew members were missing after two vessels collided off the coast of Indramayu, West Java.
4 April - Hundreds dead or missing after Cyclone Seroja struck East Nusa Tenggara.
5 April - Djoko Tjandra was sentenced to 4.5 years in prison for bribing police and a state prosecutor.
6 April - Long-time fugitive Samin Tan was arrested by KPK.
8 April - The United Nations's special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights issued a report accusing the Indonesian government of several violations of human rights on the construction of the international MotoGP circuit in Mandalika, West Nusa Tenggara.
10 April - At least 9 people were killed and more than a hundred were wounded after a 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck the southern coast of Malang, East Java.
13 April - Tourism Minister Sandiaga Uno refutes UN allegations of human rights violations in Mandalika.
18 April - Aceh officially adopts a qanun on sharia' banking. Banks that do not implement sharia law within their branches in Aceh are forced to close.
20 April - Indonesian government decided to approve the research of Nusantara COVID-19 vaccine.
21 April - KRI Nanggala (402), an attack submarine owned by the Indonesian Armed Forces, disappeared off the coast of Bali during a live torpedo drill.
24 April - Central government barred Indian citizens from entering Indonesia after a deadly second wave of COVID-19 in India caused fear among the public.
25 April
27 April - Anger after the discovery of authorities using used COVID-19 rapid test tool in Kualanamu International Airport.
28 April - President Joko Widodo inaugurated Nadiem Makarim as Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture - Research and Technology and Bahlil Lahadalia as Minister of Investation.
29 April
30 April - BPOM authorized the Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use.
=== May ===
4 May - Ministry of Health confirmed the first cases of the South African variant and Indian 'double mutant' variant of COVID-19 in Indonesia.
5 May - Criticisms after questionable civil exam questions caused 75 KPK employees to fail, including prominent KPK investigator Novel Baswedan, who is also an acid attack survivor.
6 May – 17 May - In response to Indonesian government's decision to ban mudik, authorities deployed multiple personnel throughout Indonesia.
7 May
10 May
13 May - Firecracker explosion in Kebumen Regency killed 4 people.
15 May - At least 6 people were killed, 3 were missing after a tourist boat capsized in Kedungombo reservoir, Boyolali Regency.
17 May - Indonesian government temporarily halted the distribution of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine after reports of serious side effects.
21 May - At least 404 houses were damaged after a strong magnitude 5.9 Richter scale earthquake struck Blitar at a shallow depth of 10 km.
22 May - A passenger boat carrying 26 people sank off the coast of Jambi, killing at least 8.
26 May - At least 8 people were killed after a pickup truck struck a tree in Malang.
28 May - A Robinson R44 helicopter crashed onto a lake in Depok, West Java.
===June===
3 June - Government confirms that it will not embark Hajj pilgrims for this year's Hajj due to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.
11 June - Indonesian Mining Advocacy Network (Jatam) asked authorities to investigate the death of Vice Regent of Sangihe Islands Regency Helmud Hontong after dubbing his death as suspicious.
14 June - North Sulawesi forensic analyst reported that preliminary findings from the autopsy of Helmud Hontong didn't indicate signs of intentional poisoning.
16 June - A 0.5 meter tall tsunami struck Central Maluku Regency after a magnitude 6.1 earthquake caused an undersea landslide. No injuries were reported.
17 June
21 June
24 June
28 June - Regent of Mamberamo Raya Dorinus Dasinapa was arrested for alleged embezzlement of COVID-19 aid and funds.
29 June - A passenger ferry, MV Yunicee, carrying 76 passengers and crew members sank while docking at Gilimanuk at Bali. At least seven people were killed and 18 people missing.
===July===
1 July - President Joko Widodo announced two weeks island-wide lockdown in Java and Bali after record surge of COVID-19 cases throughout the country.
3 July
4 July
8 July - Number of deaths due to COVID-19 passed 1,000 cases, first time since the pandemic began in the country.
12 July - At least 8 were killed after a bus crash in Pemalang, Central Java.
13 July - Government postponed plan to sell private COVID-19 vaccine after harsh criticisms from parliamentarians and public.
14 July - Indonesia becomes the epicentre of COVID-19 outbreak in Asia as the country's newest daily infections overtakes India.
15 July - Search and rescue personnel were deployed after 14 vessels carrying fishermen capsized during a storm off the coast of Pontianak, West Kalimantan. At least 9 were killed and more than 40 people were missing.
16 July - Government decided to extend emergency public activity restrictions (PPKM Darurat) for an additional 11 days after surge in COVID-19 cases.
22 July - Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 3 million, the highest in Southeast Asia.
25 July - Indonesia to extend PPKM until 2nd of August after rise in COVID-19 cases.
27 July - Number of daily COVID-19 deaths in Indonesia reached 2,000 for the first time since the start of the pandemic.
===August===
1 August - Committee of UNESCO World Heritage Site urged the Indonesian government to stop tourism projects in Komodo National Park after perceived threats to the surrounding ecosystem.
2 August - Indonesia wins its first gold medal in badminton Women's Doubles during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
3 August - PPKM to be extended until 9 August.
9 August - Coordinating Minister of Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan announced that PPKM in the island of Java and Bali would be extended until 16 August.
10 August
15 August - Government sent humanitarian mission to Afghanistan following Taliban's takeover of Kabul.
21 August
23 August - Former Minister of Social Affairs Juliari Batubara, who was convicted for embezzlement of COVID-19 aids, was sentenced to 12 years in prison.
24 August
30 August - PPKM to be extended until 6 September. Social restrictions were slightly eased following decreasing number of COVID-19 infections.
===September===
2 September - Indonesia launched probe following massive data breach of electronic Health Alert Card (eHAC) users.
3 September
4 September - Multiple Muslim organizations voiced their condemnations following attack on an Ahmadiyya mosque in Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan.
6 September
7 September - More than 500,000 people signed a petition to bar Indonesian dangdut performer Saipul Jamil from appearing on TV following his release from prison. He had served 3 years in prison for sexual assault on a minor.
8 September - At least 49 inmates were killed and more than 70 others were injured after a massive fire broke out at a penitentiary in Tangerang, Banten.
11 September - Bombs used for blast fishing exploded in a residential area in Pasuruan Regency, East Java. A total of 2 people were killed 2 others were wounded by the explosion.
15 September - A DHC-6-300 operated by Rimbun Air crashed onto a heavily forested area in Papua, killing all three crew members onboard.
17 September - President Joko Widodo alongside with 6 other top officials were ruled against the Jakarta High Court for failing to ensure clean air in Jakarta, in what environmentalists called as a "landmark case".
18 September - Leader of East Indonesia Mujahideen, Ali Kalora, was shot dead by authorities in the mountainous regions in Parigi Moutong Regency.
21 September - Search and rescue team ended their search operation for 25 missing crew members following a fire aboard the fishing vessel MV Henri.
24 September - Deputy Speaker of People's Representative Council Azis Syamsuddin was arrested by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission.
===October===
2 October - President Joko Widodo opened the 20th PON (National Sports Week) in Jayapura, Papua.
4 October - Violent clash ensued following the death of former regent of Yahukimo Regency, Abock Busup. The riot killed 6 while 41 people were injured. At least 52 rioters were arrested.
8 October
15 October
17 October - Indonesia won the 2020 Thomas Cup, the first title since 2002.
23 October - President Joko Widodo ordered total overhaul on the country's anti-doping agency LADI following sanction from WADA and outrage from Indonesians.
26 October - Two trains of Jakarta light rail transit collided in Cibubur, Jakarta during a test run. No one was killed in the incident however a conductor was wounded.
27 October - Team of Indonesian archeologists discovered the wreckage of the Dutch-era passenger ship Van der Wijck in Lamongan Regency, 85 years after its sinking.
=== November ===
4 November - At least 9 people were killed and 1 other was missing after flash flood swept the city of Batu, East Java.
6 November - Dean of Sriwijaya University's Social and Political Studies was accused of harassing students. The accused later threatened a Rp10 million lawsuit for defamation to the victim.
9 November - Islamic factions accused newly-published Ministry of Education and Culture's Anti-Sexual Violence Bill as "legalizing premarital sex".
11 November - Police arrested Tubagus Joddy, Vanessa Angel's personal driver, following the deadly crash in Jombang-Mojokerto toll road which killed the famed actress.
12 November - President Joko Widodo officially opened the Mandalika International Street Circuit.
24 November - Police arrested Sriwijaya University's Dean of Social and Political Studies for sexual harassment.
=== December ===
1 December - Rocky Gerung and three other opposition figures were officially reported to the police for hate speeches.
2 December - China issued protest to the Indonesian government after Indonesian authorities deployed vessels for oil and gas exploration in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone in Natuna.
4 December - Mount Semeru erupted in East Java, killing dozens of people.
8 December - President Joko Widodo visited Sintang Regency in West Kalimantan following massive flood that had been sweeping the area for weeks.
11 December - Outrage following the discovery of a serial rapist inside an islamic boarding school in Bandung.
15 December - Authorities confirmed the first case of the highly transmissible COVID-19 Omicron variant.
27 December - Three members of the Indonesian Armed Forces were arrested following the death of a couple in Nagreg. The bodies of both lovers had been discovered by authorities in Serayu River in Central Java.
28 December - Health ministry confirmed the first locally-transmitted case of the Omicron variant in Indonesia.
==Deaths==
===January===
1 January – Ishak Pamumbu Lambe, clergyman of the Toraja Church and politician (born 1946).
2 January –
3 January – Ali Taher, politician, MP (born 1961).
4 January – Bambang Suryadi, politician, Member of the People's Consultative Assembly (born 1968).
14 January –
===February===
1 February – Soraya Abdullah, actress (b.1978).
12 February – Prie GS, journalist and writer (b.1965)
14 February – Sinyo Harry Sarundajang, politician (b.1945).
===March===
2 March – Rina Gunawan, actress and presenter (b.1974).
8 March – Kuryana Azis, politician, regent of Ogan Komering Ulu (born 1952).
21 March – Muchtar Pakpahan, lawyer and labor activist (b. 1953).
23 March – Basrief Arief, prosecutor, attorney general (born 1947).
25 March – Rais Abin, soldier and diplomat (b. 1926).
===April===
6 April – Daniel Dhakidae, academic and author (b. 1945)
8 April – Mahyuddin N. S., politician and academic (b. 1947)
9 April - Lia Eden, spiritual leader(b. 1947)
18 April
===May===
10 May - Tengku Zulkarnain, muslim cleric (b.1963)
19 May - Wimar Witoelar, former government spokesman (b.1945)
===June===
6 June - Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, former minister (b.1929)
9 June - Helmud Hontong, vice regent of Sangihe Islands Regency (b.1962)
14 June - Markis Kido, athlete (b.1984)
18 June - Fuad Alkhar, actor (b.1959)
28 June - Edy Oglek, actor and comedian (b.1966)
29 June - Aria Baron, guitarist (b.1970)
===July===
2 July - Manteb Soedharsono, puppet master (b.1948)
3 July - Rachmawati Sukarnoputri, Politician (b.1950)
4 July
5 July - Beben Jazz, jazz musician and badminton player (b.1967)
11 July - Eka Supria Atmaja, politician, vice-regent (2017–2019) and regent of Bekasi (since 2019) (b.1973)
13 July - Muhammad Basyir Ahmad Syawie, former mayor of Pekalongan (b.1953)
15 July - Sugiharto, politician, Minister of state-owned enterprises (2004-2007) (b.1955)
18 July - Muhammad Idris S, politician (b.1954)
22 July - Christianto Wibisono, business analyst (b.1945)
=== August ===
1 August - Yasin Payapo, Regent of West Seram (2017 - 2021) (b.1956).
2 August - Santosa Doellah, entrepreneur (b.1941)
3 August - Soerjadi Soedirdja, Minister of Home Affairs (1999-2001), military general (b.1938).
6 August - Muhammad Amin, Deputy governor of West Nusa Tenggara (2013 - 2018) (b.1960).
7 August - Akhudiat, poet, playwright, humanist (b.1946).
9 August - Ken Zuraida, actress, film producer (b.1954).
13 August - Mangkunegara IX, Duke of Mangkunegaran (b.1951).
18 August - Muhammad Alim, Judge of Indonesian Constitutional Court (2008-2015) (b.1945).
19 August - Percha Leanpuri, politician (b.1986)
21 August - Budi Darma, writer (b.1937).
25 August
=== September ===
5 September - Awang Ferdian Hidayat, politician (b.1975).
7 September - Koes Hendratmo, singer (b.1942).
=== October ===
6 October - Gunawan Maryanto, author, film director (b.1976)
22 October - Nabiel Makarim, Minister of Environment (2001-2004) (b.1945)
24 October - Muhammad Hudori, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Home Affairs (2020-2021) (b.1968)
25 October - Sudi Silalahi, politician, former Indonesian Secretary of State (2009-2014) (b.1949)
=== November ===
3 November
4 November - Vanessa Angel, actress and singer (b.1993)
==See also==
==References==
==External links==
2020s in Indonesia
Years of the 21st century in Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia | 1,062,657,535 | 2021-12-29T19:35:56 | 2021 in Indonesia | 2,021 |
61,281,606 | == Rivers and Streams ==
There are a number of rivers and streams added to this template that are not navigable, eg Nailsworth Stream, and therefore I consider they don't warrant inclusion. Any commnets before I go through the list and edit it accordingly? Murgatroyd49 (talk)
It is true that not all rivers are navigable: but I think the inclusion criterion is the existence of an article about that watercourse. If an article exists for a non-navigable stream or brook, but you think that it shouldn't, try DELETE.
It is not the article(s) I want to delete but their inclusion in a transport template where they are manifestly not relevant. I would expect them to be included in a geographical or hydrological template such as Hydrology of Surrey. Murgatroyd49 (talk) | 1,050,511,546 | 2021-10-18T08:09:17 | Transport in Gloucestershire | 2,021 |
56,489,089 | 1,014,328,271 | 2021-03-26T13:41:34 | LGBT novels by decade | 2,021 | |
33,806,693 | ==November 2011==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Francisco Pizarro, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Shuipzv3 (talk)
== August 2012 ==
Hello, I'm Imzadi1979. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions to Interstate 580 (Nevada) because it didn't appear constructive. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! Imzadi 1979 →
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Interstate 580, you may be blocked from editing. Please stop removing whole sections. If information needs to be moved from "Future" to "History" with a change in verb tense, so be it, but stop removing whole sections of information. Imzadi 1979 →
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Interstate 580 (Nevada), you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Dough4872
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
== Interstate 580 (Nevada) ==
You need to go to Interstate 580 (Nevada) and explain what you are doing before you perform changes. Then, when you do the changes, put "See talk" in the edit summary. Otherwise, you will likely end up being blocked. People want to know why you do things. "Trust me" doesn't work here. See Verifiability rs Thank you Jim1138 (talk)
==Your recent edits==
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button or located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when they said it. Thank you.
==Blocked==
For trolling and personal attacks on top of page blanking, I have blocked you for 48 hours. --Rschen7754 | 509,357,154 | 2012-08-27T02:59:33 | 208.54.4.194 | 2,021 |
56,489,090 | women
century
Uruguayan | 839,602,558 | 2018-05-04T13:54:39 | Uruguayan women by century | 2,021 |
36,124,171 | == June 2012 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. I noticed that the username you have chosen (Sukhera associates) seems to imply that you are editing on behalf of a group, company or website.
There are two issues with this:
It is possible that you have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, you must exercise great caution when editing on topics related to your organization or adding links to its website.
Your account cannot represent a group of people. You may wish to create a new account with a username that represents only you. Alternatively, you may consider changing your username to avoid giving the impression that your personal account is being used for promotional purposes.
Regardless of whether you change your name or create a new account, you are not exempted from the guidelines concerning editing where you have a conflict of interest. For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have a conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for organizations. Thank you. NTox · talk | 759,694,186 | 2017-01-12T17:40:20 | Sukhera associates | 2,021 |
56,489,091 | == February 2018 ==
Please do not add promotional material to Wikipedia, as you did to GI glasses. While objective prose about beliefs, organisations, people, products or services is acceptable, Wikipedia is not intended to be a vehicle for soapboxing, advertising or promotion. Thank you. Chris Troutman (talk)
Please stop adding unsourced content, as you did to Browline glasses. This contravenes Wikipedia's policy on verifiability. If you continue to do so, you may be blocked from editing Wikipedia. Chris Troutman (talk)
There have been two problems with this account: the account has been used for advertising or promotion, which is contrary to the purpose of Wikipedia, and your username indicates that the account represents a business or other organisation or group or a web site, which is also against policy, as an account must be for just one person. Because of those problems, the account has been blocked indefinitely from editing.
If you intend to make useful contributions about some topic other than your business or organisation, you may request an unblock. To do so, post the text at the bottom of your talk page. Replace the text "Your proposed new username" with a new username you are willing to use. See CentralAuth to search for available usernames. Your new username will need to meet our username policy. Replace the text "Your reason here" with your reason to be unblocked. In that reason, you must:
If you believe this block was made in error, you may appeal this block by adding the text at the bottom of your talk page, but you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Orange Mike | Talk | 1,046,513,542 | 2021-09-26T02:46:00 | ArtCraft Optical | 2,021 |
33,806,701 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Super Mario Galaxy, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Super Mario Galaxy was changed by 207.204.156.172 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.965832 on 2011-11-20T02:23:07+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Bowser (character). Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted.
If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Bowser (character) was changed by 207.204.156.172 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.852035 on 2011-11-20T18:51:26+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,634,670 | 2011-11-20T18:51:33 | 207.204.156.172 | 2,021 |
36,124,173 | Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia pages, even if you intend to fix them later. Your edits do not appear to be constructive and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk) | 497,346,992 | 2012-06-13T04:55:09 | 76.6.228.93 | 2,021 |
830,034 | In mathematics, crystals are Cartesian sections of certain fibered categories. They were introduced by , who named them crystals because in some sense they are "rigid" and "grow". In particular quasicoherent crystals over the crystalline site are analogous to quasicoherent modules over a scheme.
An isocrystal is a crystal up to isogeny. They are p-adic analogues of Ql-adic étale sheaves, introduced by and (though the definition of isocrystal only appears in part II of this paper by ). Convergent isocrystals are a variation of isocrystals that work better over non-perfect fields, and overconvergent isocrystals are another variation related to overconvergent cohomology theories.
A Dieudonné crystal is a crystal with Verschiebung and Frobenius maps. An F-crystal is a structure in semilinear algebra somewhat related to crystals.
==Crystals over the infinitesimal and crystalline sites==
The infinitesimal site Inf(X/S) has as objects the infinitesimal extensions of open sets of X.
If X is a scheme over S then the sheaf OX/S is defined by
OX/S(T) = coordinate ring of T, where we write T as an abbreviation for
an object U → T of Inf(X/S). Sheaves on this site grow in the sense that they can be extended from open sets to infinitesimal extensions of open sets.
A crystal on the site Inf(X/S) is a sheaf F of OX/S modules that is rigid in the following sense:
for any map f between objects T, T′ of Inf(X/S), the natural map from f*F(T) to F(T′) is an isomorphism.
This is similar to the definition of a quasicoherent sheaf of modules in the Zariski topology.
An example of a crystal is the sheaf OX/S.
Crystals on the crystalline site
are defined in a similar way.
==Crystals in fibered categories==
In general, if E is a fibered category over F, then a crystal is a cartesian section of the fibered category. In the special case when F is the category of infinitesimal extensions of a scheme X and E the category of quasicoherent modules over objects of F, then crystals of this fibered category are the same as crystals of the infinitesimal site.
==References==
(letter to Atiyah, Oct. 14 1963)
.
Algebraic geometry | 1,042,241,713 | 2021-09-03T23:01:27 | Crystal (mathematics) | 2,021 |
29,047,185 | == Heidolph user page ==
So I am about done wrapping up my under construction page and I wanted it to be reviewed first. Am I ready to go live and how do I do that? Thank you
Evaporation Expert (talk)
Presumably Evaporation Expert/Heidolph. Chzz ►
It is not ready to go live, because it looks like an advert; it does not have any inline references, and it only has two independent references. YouTube is not appropriate as a reference.
Please review NPOV. Statements such as are not appropriate.
See also BFAQ. Chzz ►
== Guinunez/Huarpe ==
Article about an extinct indigenous group, there is already an article on Spanish, Portuguese and French but not in English.
I am not sure if the article is too short, I based this article on a similar group called Puelche and add it a little more based on the Spanish version
Guinunez (talk)
It has no references to reliable sources. Those are essential. See VRS and CITE, and FIRST. Wikipedia (any language) is not a reliable source. Chzz ►
Thanks Chzz for your feedback
I have added several more sources now, most of them are printed books published on google, I'm not sure if it is better to link them there (I did that), and if it is better to link the specific page.
Guinunez (talk)
== Syren_Band ==
This article is about the band Syren who are made up of ex-members of the band Rockbitch.
Erinbeyer87 (talk)
There are problems with the references. The idea of refs is, so that the person reading the article can 'check the facts'. So, the first one quotes from a newspaper; instead, you need to give details of the paper - the title of the article, the page number, author, publisher, location.
The second reference, "in an interview on Radio Beverwijk" is probably unverifiable, cannot be used.
Same for the third.
4 is another Wikipedia article; that is not appropriate, Wikipedia itself cannot be used as a reference.
5 does not seem to mention Syren at all
6 says "DDA Agency, Purple Dragon Productions" and I do not know what this is, where I can check it.
7 (starfarer)...maybe OK, but probably isn't really a reliable source.
8 is a quote from a blog, and that definitely is not a reliable source.
9 and 10 are the bands website; such primary sources can be used, but only with care, for simple neutral facts; they cannot be used for e.g. or . See also NPOV
11 looks OK (as far as I can tell; I do not speak Dutch)
12 is again using the bands own website for a claim, "a 3 page article in Holland's Gitaar Plus Magazine" - if it was in the magazine, fine, then reference that - give date of publication, publisher, etc.
13 - facebook - definitely not appropriate
14 is RTV again; probably OK
Overall, this needs a lot of fixing. Mostly, it is not verifiable.
For these reasons, the article does not necessarily pass the notability guidelines; see also GNG and BAND.
I'll copy this message to the article talk page. Chzz ►
== New unreviewed article/Duane Hopkins ==
I'm hoping this article is ok to go live soon, i'd appreciate some feedback to let me know how it's looking. Thanks.
Northandy (talk)
Actually, that was already in the live articles area - just with the name ""New unreviewed article/Duane Hopkins". An article in userspace has your user name as a prefix - for example, Chzz/test. You can make such pages using USERSPACEDRAFT.
I moved the page to just Duane Hopkins.
Overall, it looks OK; certainly better than most new articles.
lacks a reference, and so sounds a bit promotional.
There are too many external links. Probably, just one link to the 'official site' is appropriate. External links should not be used unless they provide info that cannot otherwise be included; see EL.
This reference link does not seem to work.
Also just gives a 'holding page'.
It would be better if you could add templates, to give more reference details - the website name, author, date, and so on.
I've removed the 'unreviewed' tag. See DEVELOP, and maybe ask for a peer review, after addressing the concerns above. Chzz ►
== #History ==
The article has been cleaned of key statements which point it be an advert. As this is my first article i was unaware of using id for a group. Thus i am using ID now. This entity or company is a worldwide entity.
Manojk297 (talk)
It still seems quite promotional, because it contains non-neutral claims that are unreferenced, is largely referenced to '' which does not seem independent, and contains some unencyclopaedic information - see NOT.
The external links to the worldwide sites are not appropriate, see EL.
Examples of unreferenced claims include , most of 'History' e.g.
In 1995, Vatel started expansion to Asia and Latin America and in the year 1997 two new Schools were opened in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. This was done through franchise, but the concept of education, the training methods and teaching materials remain the same throughout every school even today. With such rapid expansion Liaison offices were created in Shanghai (1997) and New Delhi (1998). They represent ‘Vatel Asia’ and fostered relationships with local universities and also facilitated student exchanges. Thereafter Vatel joins CampusFrance, an agency created by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Education which is responsible for promoting French higher education in the world.
Chzz ►
== Pahaquarry Copper Mine ==
Created new entry for this historic mine.
Plan to add links back from several other articles after review.
Zeete (talk)
A couple of formatting things which I have fixed;
Refs should appear directly after punctuation, no space. E.g. born in 1901.... not born in 1901. ...
1650's should be just 1650s
Mostly, it looks OK, just be careful of seemingly unreferenced sections, for example has no reference.
Also "Geology" has just one reference at the end - maybe that covers the facts, but if so, that can be confusing if later someone adds in the middle. So it's best to add a reference at the end of every sentence.
I noticed that you use a source, ""Pahaquarry Copper Mine, Final Cultural Landscape Report", several times - but different pages. That's all fine, but if you wanted to avoid the duplication, you might be interested in 'Harvard-style referencing'; see Chzz/help/harvard.
"Books and articles" should probably be a section headed == Further reading ==. It'd be neater with bullet-points at the start of each, using an asterisk *. And you might want to make them into the same 'style' as the references, by putting at the start and at the end.
I removed the 'unreviewed' tag. Chzz ►
== ==
Hello. I just want to check that the page that has been created is ok to use? It is for a new comedy show on the Dave TV channel starting this Sunday. I will add some reviews of the show when they appear online to provide confirmation of its notability.
I would like to add an image to the page too. What is the best way of doing this? Can I link to an image elsewhere?
Many thanks for your time
Westerveld
Westerveld (talk)
Dave's One Night Stand was deleted as G11: Unambiguous advertising or promotion, so I can't see it. Speak to the admin who deleted it, if you wish, Eagles247. Chzz ►
== Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere ==
I need some specialist in Applied Mathematics specialized in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation to review the short article
Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere
Many thanks.
Thuytnguyen48 (talk)
As a non-specialist, and indeed non-mathematician, I can at least provide some feedback;
You don't need an == Introduction == heading. Articles should always start, with no heading, with a paragraph or two describing the topic, with the name in bold. So,
Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere is on Earth it is
The pictures should be 'thumbnailed' - ie , which puts it into a nice little box, to the right, with a caption (as shown right here). The size of the thumbnails is then set by users reading it, in their preferences; this is the correct way to do things. Don't force huge images on people - they can always click for bigger.
The formulae would look a lot better if you used math notation, so please see Displaying a formula.
Don't over-capitalize words, for example;
Wikilinks don't care if they are initial-caps; Sausage and sausage work just the same: Sausage and sausage.
If you need to link from one word to another, it's e.g. - makes: I am a dentist.
Do not write it in 'lecture form' - just state the facts. So, for example, change;
Note that the algorithm does not guaranty that the target is actually reached
to;
The algorithm does not guarantee that the target is reached
Similarly, avoid exclamation marks. So change;
For this, a much harder boundary value problem would have to be solved!
to
To achieve this, a much harder boundary value problem would have to be solved.
Some of that looks like original research though. As a non-expert, I cannot really tell; however, statements such as those in the 'conclusion' are certainly not appropriate, without references. It sounds like opinion, not actual verifiable fact; e.g. , , .
For actual expert help though, you're better asking on WikiProject Mathematics.
You might also wish to browse Manual of Style (mathematics). Cheers, Chzz ►
== Simon Levy ==
How do I post this page?
Thanks for the help. Have made the reference additions.
Lisa Pelikan (talk)
Looks like you managed it; 06:49, 7 October 2010 Lisa Pelikan (moved User:Lisa Pelikan/Simon Levy to Simon Levy)
I removed the 'representation' section; email addresses and telephone numbers are not appropriate.
Lots of it is unreferenced. Remember that anyone can remove unreferenced info. For example, all of "Biography" is unreferenced; where can we check these facts? What happens if another editor changes it - how can we tell who is correct?
Please add references, or remove unverifiable content. Example, Finalist for the PEN Award in Drama. He has also adapted Fitzerald's Tender is the Night and The Last Tycoon. In 2010 he directed the Los Angeles Premiere of Michael Hollinger's Opus ... and is producing the U.S. Premiere of Athol Fugard's latest play The Train Driver. In 2011 he'll direct the West Coast Premiere of Tennessee Williams' last play A House Not Meant to Stand.
Chzz ►
== ==
I think he is a very important and notable man to Iranians around the world as he is the only famous FX & commodity analyst of Iranian origin in the world and has gained a very good reputation in media and expert forums in Iran, so I decided to introduce him to wikipedia as a source to find notable persons. What do you think? do you think I should add up some lines to this article or it is OK with the current version?
Thanks everybody on Wikipedia
Partovi (talk)
I assume you mean S.A Ghafari (Iranian Commodity & FX Analyst).
It needs inline references.
Also, it is not neutral;
...one of the most respected FX & Commodity analysts of Iranian origin. He was born on 21 September 1980 in Mashhad, Iran from his father, a famous judge and a house wife mother. He graduated in Mechanical Engineering in 2002 from a highly ranked public university in Iran. He first introduced to TSE (Tehran Stock Exchange) in early 1998 and soon became one of the only analysts of its kind in Iran.
Some of it is just plain opinion, and not acceptable, e.g.
Chzz ►
== Mbaish/Enter your new article name here ==
Hi, I've followed wiki standtards for writting Events articles. I'd like to know if this article complies with it.
Also, I've read and read guidelines but can't figure out how to put the name to the article of have a good layout. The layout of the page seems odd.
Thanks for the help.
Mbaish (talk)
I fixed the formatting with this edit.
A lot of the facts have no reference, for example;
From 1989 to 1995 all editions of the National MBA Games where held at Queen's University. Starting in 1996 rounds where created so different Universities would host the event each year. From 2001 on, the receipient of the previous year's Queen's Cup has the right to host next year's edition. If the Queen's Cup holder was also the host or is not interested on hosting, another interested University is allowed become the host.
Please try to add information from independent sources, for example newspaper articles.
To change the name, or to make it live, you move it - but please don't make it live until everything is verifiable, with inline references. Chzz ►
Chzz many thanks for the help answering all my questions. And for your post on how to Thank people who help :) Mbaish (talk)
== Mohammed AlSharekh ==
Need to what all to do to make the article wikipedia ready.
Debolina Sengupta
This has no references at all, and therefore could be deleted. reliable sources are essential. It makes highly opinionated claims, with no proof, for example . To add inline references, see CITE. Please remove any claims that cannot be verified. Chzz ►
== Stukeley Westcott ==
This article is third in a series of early Rhode Island settlers, following William Arnold (settler) and Benedict Arnold (governor)
Sarnold17 (talk)
I've made some minor formatting edits; see page history.
Roger Williams links to a disambiguation page, please fix that.
Please remove links to England - too common a term to link; OVERLINK.
Consider adding an infobox, .
Please add .
I moved the picture "Original Providence Rhode Island town layout of homesteads" over to the right; it is against guidelines to have an image left-aligned at the start of a section.
I also removed the forced image size (400px) from that picture; unless there is a very very good reason, it's best to leave everything unsized, so that the reader can choose their own thumb size in preferences.
It would be nice to add ALT text to the images.
In "King Philip's War" re. death/will, it says - I'm not sure what that means. Is the date uncertain? It needs explaining, or a footnote or something.
Mostly, it looks good. I'll remove the unreviewed that. I suggest you nominate it for 'Did you know...' to appear on the main page, see DYKS. Beyond that, get a peer review and head towards good article status. Best, Chzz ►
Yes, looks quite good. Minor point - you state that "King Philip's War which was the outcome of severe friction between the Narragansett Indians and the English settlers". It involved many groups of indigenous people other than just the Narragansett. Some other groups are listed in King Philip's War (and I note that page omits the Massaco, who wiped out a town, but that's an aside I'll try to address later)
@Chzz The original source actually used "12 Jan. 1676/7, aged about 85"
See here but scroll to next page
I'm just speculating, but I've been reading some of the 17th century records of the colony of Connecticut, and I noticed that when they switch to a new year, they often retain the old year for a few weeks. I don't know why this was done, whether it was simply a habit (like with old paper checks) or some other convention, but it does happen quite regularly. On the one hand, I'm fairly certain this means that we would not write 12 Jan 1677, but this is OR, so I'm not quite sure what to do, absent clarify on historical practices.--SPhilbrickT | 390,294,588 | 2010-10-12T14:55:48 | Requests for feedback/2010 October 7 | 2,021 |
56,489,095 | Corymorpha nutans is a in the family Corymorphidae.
==Description==
This hydroid consists of a single polyp on a tapering stalk which arises from sand or gravel. The colouration is translucent white or pale pink and the stem has pale lines that run longitudinally from the base to where it joins the polyp. The polyp size is relatively large and bends over towards one side, this feature is responsible for the hydroid's name (nutans is Latin for nodding). Typically there are 30 to 40 long, thin tentacles surrounding approximately 80 shorter, finer ones. Overall height 80-100mm, diameter of the polyp and tentacles about 20mm.
==Distribution==
Corymorpha nutans is found throughout the British Isles and is frequent in suitable habitats in the Northern Atlantic and south to the Mediterranean Sea.
==References==
Corymorphidae
Animals described in 1835 | 1,047,247,503 | 2021-09-29T20:18:43 | Corymorpha nutans | 2,021 |
56,489,098 | 1,014,328,308 | 2021-03-26T13:41:47 | LGBT literature by decade | 2,021 | |
33,806,704 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Bellarine Peninsula, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Bellarine Peninsula was changed by 121.223.36.108 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.966539 on 2011-11-20T02:23:31+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,526,492 | 2011-11-20T02:23:36 | 121.223.36.108 | 2,021 |
56,489,100 | __NOINDEX__
The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the miscellaneous page below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result of the discussion was: delete . ♠PMC♠ (talk)
====Behnam Tabrizi====
Page stuck in AfC. It reached 6 months unedited and I added G13 but that was removed by an IP. Either the page should be promoted as an acceptable topic or deleted at MfD. Legacypac (talk)
Keep; no reason to delete provided in nomination. Contested G13 means the draft is not abandoned. VQuakr (talk)
Delete as not being improved and as consisting of marketing buzzspeak. Robert McClenon (talk)
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the page's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 825,247,273 | 2018-02-12T08:42:04 | Miscellany for deletion/Draft:Behnam Tabrizi | 2,021 |
22,364,180 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was no consensus. I'm closing this early, as it is becoming fast apparent that we won't obtain a consensus to delete at this time. I recommend to re-evaluate the situation in a few weeks when this situation is entirely resolved and no longer headline news. This does not preclude discussion about a possible consensus-based merger to the appropriate article about the event. Sandstein
===Richard Phillips (captain)===
() – (View AfD)(View log)
As much as I hate to do this, Captain Richard Philips fails WP:ONEEVENT, he only has an article here now becuase of the media attention surrounding the attempted capture of the freighter and his surrender to the Somalian pirates in exchange for his crew's safety. Therefore, I believe the article should of either be deleted or redirect and protected until this whole fiasco sorts itself out. TomStar81 (Talk)
Keep! I'm a is one of my first port of calls when i try to look at a background to a news item. its useful. John Ellero
Delete and salt TomStar81 (Talk)
Redirect to MV_Maersk_Alabama#Hijacking. Known for one event, but a plausible search term. JJL (talk)
Keep for now. WP:ONEEVENT seems inconsistenly enforced. See Chesley Sullenberger. Although WP:ONEEVENT is part of a hard policy, the subject's potential notability as part of a historical event (the first successful pirate attack on a US-flagged ship in months? years?) argues against hasty deletion. (JJL's suggestion about redirect is a good fallback.
Keep. I think that this is an important current event though I may be personally bias due to my connections with the captain. Sanitas (talk) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.232.243.201 (talk)
Weak keep Possibly important enough. I think to delete the article while the event is so unresolved is a rush to judgment. DGG (talk)
Keep fore Now and maybe later - He is the focus of an international incident, although a lessor profile than Terry A. Anderson. Dinkytown
Delete but merge into the article about the attack. The attack is the notable incident as per all the WP:RS at this time (this provides some distinction with the Sullenberger article, although I will not push that point any further). The thing about WP:OneEvent is not so much that it gives a definite answer as to the article's notability, but that it protects otherwise non-public individual biographies from veering off topic. This is a prime example. What is notable per the standards is the attack, not necessarily the individual, and any of the relevant information can be easily, and more coherently discussed in the parent attack article, rather than in this article. Shadowjams (talk)
Keep Certainly any other crew member of the ship would fall foul of WP:ONEEVENT, but Phillips has a major role in this major event. Over The Desk (talk)
Redirect to the Maerske Alabama article - and create a redirect 'Alabama hijacking' to that as well (Maerske not being an easy word for some...). Captain Phillips's actions are part of the whole thing. If he does it again on another occasion, a separate article would probably be justified. Peridon (talk)
Redirect per ONEEVENT and BLP concerns. Skinny87 (talk)
Redirect to MV Maersk Alabama, the article is way too short. 98.119.177.171 (talk)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Living people-related deletion discussions.
Keep. The Somali pirates fired at a U.S. ship. His one event could end up leading to a lot more. Jonathan321 (talk)
Merge & Redir to MV Maersk Alabama - at the moment its a ONEEVENT, only time will tell if something further comes from the events currently playing out. For all we know, He may be the cause of further events. Attack upon bases of Piracy in Somalia ??? Exit2DOS2000•T•C•
Keep or redirect His name as a search term is pretty necessary
Redirect to MV Maersk Alabama. Popular and important search term, but current notability sketchy, and the article itself is very sparse.
Keep for now, with a final decision to be made after this situation is resolved.
Keep - the guy just got rescued, and his personal story of the entire event and rescue will be splashed all over the news for weeks. Rklawton (talk)
keep popular
Redirect not enough information, and only notable for one event at the moment
Keep for now, with the caveat that the article should be revisited in a month or so to verify that its as notable as we think it is. Umbralcorax (talk)
Keep--notable as the first American taken by pirates since 1804, according to major media news reports. This article will grow in sourced information as the story develops, but even after the initial news surge dies down, Phillips will remain notable for this distinction. | 1,057,113,339 | 2021-11-25T15:05:18 | Articles for deletion/Richard Phillips (captain) | 2,021 |
56,489,104 | 1,004,937,861 | 2021-02-05T04:29:31 | John Romero (American football) | 2,021 | |
36,124,177 | The Eagle Mine is an abandoned mine near the abandoned town of Gilman and about one mile south east of Minturn in the U.S. state of Colorado.
The mining began in the 1880s, initially for gold and silver but predominately zinc during later stages of its operation. The mine closed in 1984 and became an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site.
After the closure of the mine and the abandonment of Gilman, a area, which included 8 million tons of mine waste, were designated a Superfund site by the EPA and placed on the National Priorities List in 1986. The mine had been owned by the New Jersey Zinc Company, in its later years a subsidiary of Gulf+Western. Viacom International was identified by the EPA as the successor in interest to the mine. According to the EPA, the mining operations left large amounts of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the soil, and led to large fish kills in the Eagle River and threatened drinking water in the town of Minturn downstream on the Eagle River. The clean-up plan, implemented beginning in 1988 included plugging and flooding the Eagle Mine, collecting and treating mine and ground water in a new treatment plant, as well as removing, treating and capping the mine waste products. A report by the EPA in 2000 concluded that clean-up operations had substantially reduced public health risks and improved the water quality in the Eagle River. The State of Colorado also has pursued separate parallel efforts at cleanup and has reached agreements with Viacom regarding treatment of the site.
==See also==
List of Superfund sites in Colorado
Mining in the United States
==References==
==External links==
EPA Report 1998 ROD/R08-98/079 - includes mine history.
Superfund sites in Colorado
Mines in Colorado
Geography of Eagle County, Colorado
Zinc mines in the United States | 919,389,195 | 2019-10-03T13:42:36 | Eagle Mine (Colorado) | 2,021 |
11,337,605 | This is a list of charitable projects and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in Thailand or connected with Thailand.
== Animal welfare ==
Elephant Nature Park
Soi Dog Foundation
Wildlife Friends Foundation
== Community development ==
== Disabled ==
Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA)
Caritas International Thailand
Christian Foundation for the Blind in Thailand
Christian Care Foundation for Children with Disabilities
Father Ray Foundation
== Education and children ==
== Elderly ==
Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA)
== Environment ==
Freeland Foundation
Green Fins Thailand
Norvergence LLC Thailand
Greenpeace, Southeast Asia, Thailand
Plant A Tree Today Foundation
World Wide Fund for Nature
== Hilltribes ==
The Karen Hilltribes Trust
== Human rights ==
Amnesty International Thailand
Children's Organization of Southeast Asia (COSA)
โครงการรณรงค์เพื่อแรงงานไทย Thai Labour Campaign
== Medical ==
=== HIV/AIDS ===
Baan Gerda home for AIDS orphans in Lopburi
The Human Development Foundation
Pearl S. Buck International (Thailand)
Sarnelli House
== Women ==
Asia Foundation
International Rescue Committee
Pratthanadee Foundation
==References==
Non-governmental organizations | 1,062,778,899 | 2021-12-30T13:33:46 | List of non-governmental organizations in Thailand | 2,021 |
33,806,709 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Masculism, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Elockid (Talk) | 1,047,223,436 | 2021-09-29T17:34:02 | Annpod | 2,021 |
56,489,106 | The 1948 Czechoslovak presidential election took place on 14 June 1953. It was held due to the death of Klement Gottwald. Prime Minister Antonín Zápotocký was elected the new president.
==Voting==
Klement Gottwald died on 14 March 1953. At the 14 June election, Zápotocký received all 271 votes in the Parliament. He had already been carrying out most presidential duties since Gottwald's death, as per the Constitution.
==References==
Presidential
1953
Single-candidate elections
Elections in Communist Czechoslovakia | 1,043,844,433 | 2021-09-12T08:34:50 | 1953 Czechoslovak presidential election | 2,021 |
29,047,198 | Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Lawrence Central High School. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Arthena(talk) | 388,568,801 | 2010-10-04T00:00:40 | 67.163.84.57 | 2,021 |
61,281,627 | Bia is an Argentine telenovela produced by Pegsa y Non Stop for Disney Channel Latin America in collaboration with Disney Channel Europe, Middle East & Africa. The series premiered on June 24, 2019. The first season ended on November 8, 2019, with a total of 60 episodes.
In October 2019, the series was renewed for a second season which aired from March 16, 2020 and ended on July 24, 2020, once again consisting of 60 episodes.
As of July 24, 2020, 120 episodes of Bia have aired, concluding the second season.
== Series overview ==
== Episodes ==
=== Season 1 (2019) ===
=== Season 2 (2020) ===
== Notes ==
== References ==
Lists of Argentine television series episodes | 1,052,037,919 | 2021-10-27T00:54:44 | List of Bia episodes | 2,021 |
11,337,609 | Welcome to Wikipedia! Please do not remove cited information from Afghanistan - if you have concerns, I invite you to discuss them on the talk page. Regards, – Riana ⁂
pleade don't accuse me of something when you are wrong. Double sentences with double cited info must be removed. read first before you talk.
You seem to be new to this place, so I will give you 2 pointers.
There is nothing wrong with more than one citation in a sentence. It is actually a good thing. If you can find more than one source to back up a piece of information, this means that information is more likely to be true.
Please don't tell people to 'read before they talk'. This is a collaborative project, and you may put people off with that kind of attitude. I encourage you to read about civility when conversing with other users.
Best wishes, – Riana ⁂
I said read the disputed area on the article before you learn what I am trying to fix, the cited info is stated 2 times in the same place. This confuses people and I have the rights to fix articles when I see mistakes just as everyone else, best wishes to you also.
OK, thanks. – Riana ⁂ | 132,434,869 | 2007-05-21T13:35:10 | AsifTookhi | 2,021 |
61,281,630 | Valle Cocodrilo (English: Crocodile Valley), also known as De cómo se escapó una idea en Valle Cocodrilo y lo que ahí aconteció (English: How an Idea Escaped in Crocodile Valley and What Happened There), is a 2013 Venezuelan shadow puppet short film, written and directed by Leticia Patrizi.
==Synopsis==
In Crocodile Valley, a scientist struggles to work due to the overwhelming anger and sadness that terror him. A brilliant idea escapes, with the film presenting a journey about life and happiness.
==Cast==
The puppet operators are:
Celeste Guadarrama - "Scientist"
Dayana Matos - "Life"
Amanda Pérez - "Idea"
Edelweis Calderón - "Demons"
==Release==
The film was released in Venezuela in 2013 by Centro Nacional Autónomo de Cinematografía. It was screened at the Iberoamerican Short Film Festival in 2014. It was distributed by Venezuela en Corto. Its soundtrack is available on SoundCloud.
==Accolades==
The film has won several awards, including the Best Animated Short at the 2014 Barquisimeto National Short Film Festival and 2015 Venezuelan Festival of Spiritual Film. It received awards for Best Script and Best Sound in the University category of the 2015 Clemente De La Cerda National Short Film Festival, as well as for Best Original Music and Best Post Production at the 2015 "Voy Corto" Universities Audiovisual Festival.
It was part of the official selection at nine festivals; chronologically: 2014 Manuel Trujillo National Short Film Festival, 2014 Foreign Film Festival (Argentina), 2014 Eastern Feature and Short Film Festival, 2014 Margarita Latin American and Caribbean Film Festival, "Iberoamerican Shorts" of 2014 Short Shorts Toluca Festival (Mexico), 2014 Puerto Madryn International Film Festival (Argentina), 2015 "Voy Corto" Universities Audiovisual Festival, 2015 Clemente De La Cerda National Short Film Festival, and the 2015 Venezuelan Festival of Spiritual Film.
==References==
==External links==
2013 films | 1,013,865,538 | 2021-03-23T21:46:51 | Valle Cocodrilo | 2,021 |
56,489,127 | == February 2018 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Because we have a policy against usernames which give the impression that the account represents a group, organization or website, I have blocked this account; please take a moment to create a new account with a username that represents only yourself as an individual and which complies with our username policy or request a change of username. You should also read our conflict of interest guideline and be aware that promotional editing is not acceptable regardless of the username you choose. If your username does not represent a group, organization or website, you may appeal this username block by adding the text at the bottom of your talk may simply create a new account, but you may prefer to change your username to one that complies with our username policy, so that your past contributions are associated with your new username. If you would prefer to change your username, you may appeal this username block by adding the text at the bottom of your talk page. Please note that you may only request a name that is not already in use, so please check here for a listing of already taken names. Thank you. Orange Mike | Talk | 1,045,903,351 | 2021-09-23T01:36:02 | InddusInc | 2,021 |
66,257,307 | The West Indies cricket team toured Pakistan in December 2021 to play three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The ODI series would have formed part of the inaugural 2020–23 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League. The fixtures for the tour were confirmed in November 2021. Prior to the tour, the West Indies women's team also toured Pakistan to play three matches.
During the T20I series, multiple cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the West Indies team and support staff. Despite the T20I matches going ahead as planned, both cricket boards agreed to postpone the ODI series until June 2022.
Kieron Pollard was ruled out of the tour due to an injury he suffered at the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. Shai Hope and Nicholas Pooran were named as the captains of the West Indies' ODI and T20I squads respectively in Pollard's absence.
Pakistan won the first T20I match by 63 runs. It was their 18th win in the format in 2021, the most by any team in a single calendar year. Pakistan won the second T20I by nine runs, winning the series with one match to play. Pakistan also won the third T20I, by seven wickets, to win the series 3–0. Pakistan's Mohammad Rizwan became the first batter to score 2,000 runs in Twenty20 cricket in a calendar year.
==Squads==
Abdullah Shafique was named as a reserve player in Pakistan's squad. Kieron Pollard was ruled out of the tour due to a hamstring injury, with Devon Thomas and Rovman Powell being named as replacements in the West Indies' ODI and T20I squads respectively. Sheldon Cottrell, Roston Chase and Kyle Mayers were all ruled out of the West Indies' squad for the T20I matches after testing positive for COVID-19. Ahead of the third T20I, Shai Hope, Akeal Hosein and Justin Greaves of the West Indies all tested positive for COVID-19, ruling them out of the series.
==T20I series==
===1st T20I===
===2nd T20I===
===3rd T20I===
==ODI series==
===1st ODI===
===2nd ODI===
===3rd ODI===
==References==
==External links==
Series home at ESPN Cricinfo
2021 in Pakistani cricket
2021 in West Indian cricket
International cricket competitions in 2021–22
West Indian cricket tours of Pakistan
Cricket events curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic | 1,060,622,455 | 2021-12-16T17:17:30 | West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22 | 2,021 |
29,047,211 | 1,049,912,106 | 2021-10-14T16:01:55 | Elections Saskatchewan | 2,021 | |
66,257,309 | Agnos is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Art Agnos (born 1938), American politician
Tom Agnos (1936–2004), American law enforcement officer
==See also==
Agno (disambiguation) | 1,011,145,723 | 2021-03-09T08:25:10 | Agnos (surname) | 2,021 |
33,806,725 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Elijah Wood, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
ClueBot NG produces very few false positives, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been detected as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Elijah Wood was changed by 76.4.233.104 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.890517 on 2011-11-20T02:25:26+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,526,736 | 2011-11-20T02:25:33 | 76.4.233.104 | 2,021 |
66,257,310 | == Shai Hope T20I Vice-Captain In Absence Of Kieron Pollard ==
Shai Hope is the T20I vice-captain since Kieron Pollard was ruled out of this tour and Nicholas Pooran was chosen to lead. Please do not undo the edit I have made to the Squad section. Thank You. Shooting Spirit 007 Spirit
Cricket West Indies have not confirmed/named a vice-captain for the T20I matches in their press releases. Lugnuts Fire Walk with Me
Well, then - shouldn't the ODI vice-captain be removed too? Because they didn't confirm/name a vice-captain for the ODI matches either. Shooting Spirit 007 Spirit | 1,060,275,365 | 2021-12-14T14:04:52 | West Indian cricket team in Pakistan in 2021–22 | 2,021 |
56,489,130 | Demon is the eighth studio album by Norwegian rock band Gazpacho. It was released on 17 March 2014 in the United Kingdom and on 1 April 2014 in the United States by Kscope.
==Concept==
Gazpacho described Demon as "the most complicated and strange album we’ve ever made". It was inspired by "the mad ramblings left behind by an unknown tenant in an apartment in Prague". According to the band,The manuscript contained various ramblings and diagrams which formed the basis of a diary of sorts. The unknown author claimed to have discovered the source of what he called an evil presence in the world.
This presence, ‘The Demon,’ was an actual intelligent will, with no mercy and a desire for evil things to happen. The author wrote as if he had lived for thousands of years stalking this presence, and the manuscript included references to outdated branches of mathematics, pagan religions and an eyewitness account of the bubonic plague.
The thought of this mysterious figure who had lived through the ages hunting the ‘Demon’ seemed like too good an idea not to write about.
Record label Kscope compared Demon to the band's two previous albums, Missa Atropos and March of Ghosts, noting that it continues the band's "tradition of telling rich stories through the course of the album".
==Critical reception==
Writing for PopMatters, Brice Ezell described Demon as "a dignified recording, reaches the grandeur of a classical composition without gunning for the same tropes that most prog bands would to achieve the same", and "an album—a concept album, no less—that even the average indie fan could warm up to", noting that it "does exactly what its title implies: it haunts".
Emphasising the lengths of some of the album's tracks, Prog Magazine's Emma Johnston described Demon as "surely as defiantly prog as it’s possible to get today", while noting that the album's "queasy, chilly drama is offset with a sense of true beauty", with particular praise directed to vocalist Jan Henrik Ohme's performance.
==Track listing==
==Personnel==
Credits as per Discogs.
Gazpacho
Jan Henrik Ohme – vocals
Thomas Andersen – keyboards
Mikael Krømer – violin, mandolin
Kristian "Fido" Torp – bass
Jon-Arne Vilbo – guitar
Lars Erik Asp – drums, percussion
Additional musicians
Stian Carstensen – accordion, banjo
Charlotte Bredesen – vocals (as part of choir) on "I've Been Walking (Part 2)"
Other
Gazpacho – production; mixing (except "The Cage")
David Bottrill – mixing on "The Cage"
Thor Legvold – mastering
Antonio Seijas – artwork, design
==References==
2014 albums
Concept albums
Kscope albums | 1,000,004,590 | 2021-01-13T01:27:58 | Demon (album) | 2,021 |
5,399,406 | == Military history Collaboration of the Fortnight ==
You supported Military history of Switzerland, which has been selected as the Military history WikiProject's new Collaboration of the Fortnight. Please help improve this article to featured article standards. Kirill Lokshin
== Approved Article question/comment ==
I don't know who the head honcho of the approved article stuff is, but I saw that you created the page and I have a question and comment I'd like to direct your attention to and get your thoughts on. I think your idea is great. see KevinPuj
== Topics by country ==
Hi. Would you mind if i translate to portuguese your Topics by country chart? I've been thinking of doing something like that, and now, to my surprise, i see it has already been done. It'd save me a lot of work, not having to create one from scratch. Cattus
Thanks. Cattus
==Signpost updated for September 5th.==
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== Ziad Jarrah ==
Greetings. You voted to demote Ziad Jarrah from being a featured article. The reason you gave was that there didn't seem to be much progress on it. Since then, I have improved the writing, added inline citations, and reorganized parts. I'd be much obliged if you gave it a second look. All the best, – Quadell (talk) (bounties)
== Wooooo ==
HI MESSEDROCKER! :D:D:D:D:D:D
Well, look who's hyper! —this is messedrocker (talk)
I am eating Frosted Mini-Wheats.
== Thank you! ==
It's truly nice to be back. In fact, I've gotten so many positive responses that I'm half-tempted to create a thank-you template! :)) However, I prefer the personal touch. Really, thank you so very much. I appreciate the support. - Lucky 6.9
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== Barrio 19 ==
Messedrocker, can you help me with this article? My english is lazy, and i want to improve more that page. Can you link that? Greets, Slade (TheJoker)
==RFA==
I have promoted you to Sysop. Raul654
Well done on your RfA success! Please ask if you have any questions about being an admin - I will do my best to answer you! (aeropagitica)
Yaaay! Go pwn some vandals now! And don't get burnt out!
Thanks :D It was a pleasure to support - I know my sig causes confusion but Errant is my usual online 'persona' but unfortunatley it is already taken in most places. So I use Tmorton166 as a registration name then sign Errant. Confusing I know. Anyway good to see you promoted - I see you got no end of support. I'll see ya around hopefully - either here or over on WN!!
Congratulations! Michael
Enjoy your new mop. See ya around! JungleCat talk/contrib
Congratulations from me as well. :)
My pleasure, and congratulations! Jayjg (talk)
Congratulations! Keep up the good work. — riana_dzasta wreak havoc|damage report
Congrats. Sorry If I had messed your user page while adding the admin logo. Doctor BrunoTalk
Congrtats from me too - you'd be a fine admin. If you've any problems, feel free to leave me a note. ?
Congratulations on your promotion, and you're very welcome!
==Hi there==
Hi Messedrocker, Gold-Horn from Wikinews here. Just got back on Wikipedia after a year out with projects and stuff (computer programming... aaarggggh!!). Hope you're OK!
== Pete Carroll semi-protect request: ==
They've tagged it 3 times since I posted the semi-protect request. They're using anonymous IPs that regularly change. I've already had one banned, but I realize it's pointless due to the new IPs. Please help.
Thank you. I realize at the time it was less vandalized, but I assumed it would end up getting the brunt of it after their little game with GameDay was taken away (one out of five of the previous GameDay vandals also went after this article). Thanks again :-)
== Go raibh maith agat! ==
Hi there, messed rocker!Thank you so much for supporting my RfA! It ended up passing and I'm rather humbled by the support (and a bit surprised that it was snowballed a day early!). Please let me know if I can help you out and I welcome any comments, questions, or advice you wish to share. Sláinte!
P.S. Thanks for the message and congratulations on your own recent adminning! I've quickly learned that I'm not the type to rack up thousands of admin log entries (it's taken me days just to thank everyone for participating in my RfA!), so hopefully you'll pick up some of my slack, hehe!
hoopydinkConas tá tú?
Wow! That's awesome (especially compared to my own puny log; I think I have two blocks and two deletions under my belt)! hoopydinkConas tá tú?
== A poem ==
I have left you a personal poem on your user page. There is no need to pay me for this service. The Mekon
It is truly a godsend for The Mekon to write a poem for you.
== Inappropriate Name ==
Please delete this user. He has a completly inappropriate username for Wikipedia.
Implificator (Thunderhead on Wikinews)
== Pre-emptive protection ==
Please read Protection policy and Semi-protection policy. Protection is not a pre-emptive measure against anticipated vandalism. Do not protect or semi-protect articles that have had little or no vandalism. —Centrx→talk •
== what do u make of this ==
Ryodox
66.246.72.108
==Signpost updated for September 18th.==
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== Helping out with the backlog ==
Hi there and congratulations on your brand new sysop flag. Now that you are an admin, you might want to help the community in a way you weren't able to before. The obvious example is clearing out the Administrative backlog :-) You might want to start with Requested moves which I find the easiest to deal with. If you have any questions, just drop me a note! Enjoy! :-)
== DYK ==
Let's hope this vaccine doesn't stop the DYK facts reaching the reader's brains. ;)
== RNLB Guy and Claire Hunter ==
From your edit summary I'm not sure if you realize that the above article was a copyvio, but the author added the GFDL tag to his website after I advised him of the ways to rehabilitate the article on the talk page, i.e., releasing the material under the GFDL:-)
==Signpost updated for September 25th.==
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== Thank you for Semi-protecting Ed, Edd 'n' Eddy ==
I really appreciate that, thank you. Hopefully now other editors wont have to worry about that unregistered person believing that he owns the page. DietLimeCola
Please look at the page history. If you will, you will see that DietLimeCola showed up there as a vandal a few weeks ago. When the POV and fancruft they added were deleted, DLC started an edit war on the page, using either sockpuppets, or friends with different user names editing the article from the same computer. Either way, it's the same thing. The article was fully protected for almost 2 weeks, during which time DLC appeared to become contrite and willing to work with the community. As soon as the protection was lifted (by my request), DLC began to edit the article using poor grammer and sentence structure, and adding POV. Take a look at the edits made during the past 24 hours, and decide for yourself who is damaging the page. If anybody is intent on having their own way with the page, it's DietLimeCola. Most of the kind of edits this user is adding have long ago been discussed and discounted by the community, but DLC is not willing to accept that. I have just finished cleaning up the page again: I suggest that you go there later today, and look to see if DLC has changed it again. Pay particular attention to the sentence structure and grammer, neither of which is up to Wikipedia standards. I and a few others have been keeping this article cleaned up and meeting Wikipedia standards for months. Now DietLimeCola has decided to "own" the page, and is not willing to accept the will of the community. Is this how Wikipedia is supposed to work? I think not.
==Unprotection of Bindi Irwin==
Just letting you know I've unprotected the article on Bindi Irwin. Please check the article history in future. There is no such edit war occuring.
== hat on arbitration ==
Hey, I added your comment onto the talk page for Arbitration. I use that link to get to arbitration, its just easier for me. I belive its useful, and commonplace to add those hats to pages - and I provided precedants on the talk page of that article. I'll use WP:ARB to get to it more easily - I'll leave it up to you to see if the hat is useful (it definately doesn't take up needed space on that short article). Fresheneesz
==River Dell Regional High School==
I don't know why I had removed the fact tags on the River Dell Regional High School article. I will try to reconcile and reinsert the mising items. Alansohn
==Signpost updated for October 2nd.==
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== List of missing articles. ==
I have listed some of the sources in the first page (although I just noticed that I had forgotten Guide to Places of the World). I've also checked glossaries of books like Wider than the Sky and Awakenings and, in fact, many books I had used for article sources. Unfortunately, the list is long. However, many parts of the lists are mainly based on my own notes I have gathered from a variety of sources. I've been also double-checking the lists in case the topic already has an article with some other name. - Skysmith
Go ahead - I cannot write about all of the topics myself so wider awareness would be welcome. But could you add additional topics to the thematic pages as well? - Skysmith
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==NicVax etc.==
Hey, thanks for the message. I had never heard of NicVax, but I read the article and it's really fascinating. The cigarette companies must hate it! I can work on putting the refs into journal style. Too bad the template is so bulky; it makes it hard to edit the article. Ah well. Anyway, good "meeting" you ... drop me a line whenever you want. Peace, delldot | talk
== article referencing drive ==
i love the idea behind the article referencing did you give up on it? JoeSmack Talk(p-review!)
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== Hello Messedrocker, ==
Hello,
I am the anon who has been working on the soybean article, biological value, and other articles.
I was going to add more info to the articles including soy protein but you blocked it.
If you approve of my edits in the soybean article then why did you block the other articles.
I want you to block all the article or unblock all the articles.
Not blocking the soy article and blocking the arrticles is contradicting yourself. Why?
Because I am the one you and others sre calling a sock. You you don't like a sock then why the heck you did not block the soybean article too.
Go block the soybean article too to make it official buddy.
I can open as many accounts as I please. There is no policy against having 1 million accounts.
In facts it is none of anyone's business.
You can block all you want buddy. I consider your blocks a personal attack.
I am not being disruptive buddy. Please block the soybean article now.
Yankee76 has been policeing me and wikistalking me and HE has broke the 3 revert rule and then you have the oddessity to accuse me of being disruptive and then say my anon edits to the soybean article meets with your delight and approval.
You are a joke!
I demand you block the soybean article right now because now I am REALLY MAD.
After all my hours of hard work you call me disruptive. Forget YOU. 63.17.54.97
== Streisand Estate ==
Well done, thanks for ...
== Request for Full Protection to prevent ongoing edit war ==
Please fully protect all articles in question.
Soy, biological value, soy . This is a full scale EDIT WAR.
Yankees76 has made numerous reverts to some of the articles in question.
If you take a close look at the history Yankees76 he has BROKE the 3 revet rule.
Again, this is REVERT WARRING that show absolutely no sign of stopping.
I think the only solution for now is LOCK UP ALL THE ARTICLES RIGHT NOW!!!
If you don't the WAR will continue.
Just fully protect the article for only a week. Just one week for things to cool off!!!
Please don't let this CRAZYNESS WARRING continue.
Again, block everyone from editting until things cool off.
I am ready for anything either way.
If Yankees76 reverts my edits I will junp right in again and again and again.
Thnaks for your help. Messenger2010
== RuneScape ==
You might want to cut the experiment short - the page is getting vandalized probably as much as George W. Bush used to be. :) Cowman109Talk
Oh, scratch that. Centrx ruined the fun. :P Cowman109Talk
== Vandalsim on the Soy protein Article. ==
An IP has just added very suspious information to the soy protein article. I consider the edits vandalism.
Also, there was removal of sentences by the IP in question.
I know exactly who the IP (a sock-puppet of a registered user) really is who is trying to BAIT ME by vandalizing the soy protein article. I am NOT going to bite the fake bait.
I will let you handle this on the soy protein article.
Adding original (fake) information is never allowed on Wikipedia. I am tired of edit warring!
Please revert all FAKE info and blanking of sentences put their by the IP sock.
Soy protein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
63.17.100.99
UPDATE. After the IP added the info then a register user came in to somehow "legitimize" the FAKE INFORMATION. They are playing double dutch together.
This is a joke. A master and its puppet. 63.17.100.99
==Impostor==
I'm a sysop on Wikiquote and an occasional editor on Wikipedia. I've discovered through some recent vandalism on Wikiquote that someone is impersonating me on Wikinews. I don't have an account on Wikinews and have never posted there. - InvisibleSun
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Hi James,
Countries of Europe#Recent changes (specifically ¶18)
I felt I ought to notify you that I supplied your name as an example of an admin to ask to review this template; I hope you don't mind and that if you are approached and review the template, you don't find it more trouble than you'd imagined! Maybe it might be best to unprotect it and see what happens... Best wishes, David Kernow (talk)
Countries of Europe#Outside review
...Thanks for taking the initiative so promptly! I've added a comment to the above which I hope might clarify the situation. Regards, David (talk)
== Re: Article Referencing Drive ==
Great! I've updated our project page with this new article. Thanks for reminding me, as I'm not able to go on Wikipedia as often as I'd like nowadays. -Frazzydee|✍
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== POV Editor ==
Yankess76 has repeately and continued to be disruptive.
Shows no sign of stopping. He is playing double dutch with himself and his puppets.
Has created many puppets to have articles semi-protected to potentially make POV edits to his prefered version.
Has made strange reverts back and forth. Just look here below: There are a few other articles too.
★MESSED]]ROCKER★
I could care less about his socks. The only thing I care about is the article. What could be done to stop him from putting incorrect information in the article. He swings back and forth with information. 67.150.255.120
One thing I notice is that when he removed it the first time, the information had no source. Then when he re-added it, there was some sort of sourcing. Maybe his concerns are about sourcing in the article. ★MESSEDROCKER★
Actually, there was a source there when it was originally removed. Perhaps he removed the information thinking it was false, then he realized there was a source and re-added the information. It's best that you assume good faith. ★MESSEDROCKER★
:That was the case. I requested that the anon user provide a source - see his/her talk page - they returned with the edit and the source. Yankees76
Correct Info Below.
===Biological value of soy protein===
Main Article: Biological Value
Another measure of a protein's use in nutrition is the Biological Value scale. The Biological Value method, which dates back to 1911 relies on nitrogen retention as an indicator of protein quality. However, it does not take into account certain factors influencing the digestion of the protein. A 1983 study by researcher E. Renner indicated soybean has a BV value of 74 compared to egg at 100. Soy protein has a lower protein value than all animal sources of protein for muscle growth according to the BV methodology. Nonetheless, the Biological Value (BV) methodology is an accurate indicator of biological activity for protein quality and utilization in humans.
Mendel and Fine (1911-1912) made the interesting observation that soybeans produce a positive nitrogen(N) balance in a human subject.
Correct Info Above.
FAKE INFO BELOW:
Many N-studies since then have confirmed the fact that the digestibility and biological value of soy protein for humans is comparable in nutritional value and quality to animal proteins.
Also, look at Yankees76 comments in the talk page. He claims the information is false and fact at the same time. He is playing it both ways. I believe he added the info with one of his anon IP socks. Then instead of removing the "vandal" info his strawman arguement is to assume good faith. This has gone long enough with that double talker.
I have provided many many references. CASE CLOSED!!!
== RE:POV Editor ==
Anon: I'll gladly submit to a RFCU for any trumped-up sockpuppet you can put me down has puppeteering. In fact now that you've accused me here on another users talk page I demand that you prove these allegations.
If you really want the truth Messedrocker, the anonymous user here on your talk page has already been proven to be a sockpuppet/puppet master. After I suspected that this user was using socks to avoid scrutiny by other editors and dodge warnings, rather than going around on talk pages making accusations about this disruption and sockpuppets, I was actually following the proper channels. First with a sock puppet posting on the notice board Suspected sock puppets/Messenger2010 then after review, I followed with a checkuser that determined the anonymous user calling for my ban here on your talk page has been running a nice little sockpuppet ring. [
So as you can see, I'm hardly the one who is playing games here. The fact that I'm being called a puppeteer is ludicrous. Also, calling me a nut, a double talker etc. is yet another instance of this user being uncivil/making personal attacks. For which I've also filed a notice on the personal attack intervention noticeboard. to the anon user, or AndyCanada or whatever sock user name you prefer, as the saying goes - put up or shut up - prove that I'm a puppeteer. Your allegations against me are here for all to see. Now let's see some proof. | 1,048,081,425 | 2021-10-04T04:23:27 | Harej/Archive02 | 2,021 |
66,257,312 | 1,039,985,888 | 2021-08-22T00:28:28 | Pudsey Town Hall | 2,021 | |
66,257,313 | 997,618,044 | 2021-01-01T12:15:32 | Agnos (surname) | 2,021 | |
61,281,635 | == Links ==
== Users ==
Adolfobrigido
User is whitelisted: User is in a trusted group rollbacker on some wikis
== Additions ==
Displayed all 7 additions. | 999,863,462 | 2021-01-12T09:37:01 | WikiProject Spam/LinkReports/portugalidade.blogspot.pt | 2,021 |
66,257,314 | == January 2021 ==
Hello, I'm Bovineboy2008. I noticed that you added or changed content in an article, Krack (film), but you didn't provide a reliable source. It's been removed and archived in the page history for now, but if you'd like to include a citation and re-add it, please do so. You can have a look at the tutorial on citing sources. If you think I made a mistake, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. BOVINEBOY2008
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits referred to above, consider creating an account for yourself or logging in with an existing account so that you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 997,618,045 | 2021-01-01T12:15:33 | 2409:4070:4208:D325:F9CB:2F89:2BB9:1E36 | 2,021 |
384,253 | The lindworm or lindwurm was a popular motif found on runestones in 11th-century Sweden. Portrayals vary across countries and the stories in which they appear, the creature generally appearing as wingless with a serpentine body, dragon's head, scaled skin and two clawed forelimbs. Depictions imply lindworms do not walk on their two limbs like a wyvern, but move like a mole lizard: they slither like a snake and use their arms for traction.
The head of the 16th-century lindworm statue at Lindwurm Fountain in Klagenfurt, Austria, is modeled on the skull of a woolly rhinoceros found in a nearby quarry in 1335. It has been cited as the earliest reconstruction of an extinct animal.
According to the 19th-century English archaeologist Charles Boutell, a lindworm is basically "a dragon without wings."
==Etymology==
Lindworm derives from Old High German lint and orm, perhaps from the Proto-Germanic adjective *linþia- meaning "flexible", or perhaps by way of Old Danish/Old Saxon lithi, Old High German lindi, "soft, mild" (German lind, (ge)linde), Old English liðe (English lithe, "agile"). The term occurs in Middle High German as lintwurm and was adopted from German into Scandinavia as Old Swedish lindormber, Danish lindorm. In Icelandic, the term linnormr was used to translate German sources to produce Þiðreks saga (an Old Norse chivalric saga adapted from the Continent from the late 13th c.)
==In tales==
An Austrian tale from the 13th century tells of a lindworm that lived near Klagenfurt. Flooding threatened travelers along the river, and the presence of the lindworm was blamed. A duke offered a reward to anyone who could capture it and so some young men tied a bull to a chain, and when the lindworm swallowed the bull, it was hooked like a fish and killed.
The shed skin of a lindworm was believed to greatly increase a person's knowledge about nature and medicine.
A serpentine monster with the head of a "salamander" features in the legend of the Lambton Worm, a serpent caught in the River Wear and dropped in a well, which 3–4 years thence, terrorized the countryside of Durham while the nobleman who caught it was at the Crusades. Upon return, he received spiked armour and instructions to kill the serpent, but thereafter to kill the next living thing he saw. His father arranged that after the lindworm was killed, a dog would be released for that purpose; but instead of releasing the dog the nobleman's father ran to his son, and so incurred a malediction by the son's refusal to commit patricide. Bram Stoker used this legend in his short story Lair of the White Worm.
The sighting of a "whiteworm" once was thought to be an exceptional sign of good luck.
The knucker or the Tatzelwurm is a wingless biped, and often identified as a lindworm. In legends, lindworms are often very large and eat cattle and human corpses, sometimes invading churchyards and eating the dead from cemeteries.
In the 19th-century tale of "Prince Lindworm" (also "King Lindworm") from Scandinavian folklore, a "half-man half-snake" lindworm is born, as one of twins, to a queen, who, in an effort to overcome her childlessness, followed the advice of an old crone who instructed her to eat two onions. As she did not peel the first onion, the first twin was born a lindworm. The second twin is perfect in every way. When he grows up and sets off to find a bride, the lindworm insists that a bride be found for him before his younger brother can marry. Because none of the chosen maidens are pleased by him, he eats each one until a shepherd's daughter who spoke to the same crone, is brought to marry him, wearing every dress she owns. The lindworm tells her to take off her dress, but she insists that he shed a skin for each dress she removes. Eventually his human form is revealed beneath the last skin. Some versions of the story omit the lindworm's twin, and the gender of the soothsayer varies. A similar tale occurs in the 1952 novel The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C. S. Lewis.
The tale of Prince Lindworm is part of a multiverse of tales in which a maiden is betrothed or wooed by a prince enchanted to be a snake or other serpentine creature (ATU 433B, "The Prince as Serpent"; "King Lindworm").
In a short Swiss tale, a Lindworm terrorises the area around Grabs "It was as big as a tree trunk, dark red in colour and, according to its nature, extraordinarily vicious". It was defeated by a bull that had been fed milk for seven years and had hooks attached its horns. A girl, who had committed an offense, was tasked with bringing the Bull to the Lindworm. After the beast was defeated, the enraged bull threw itself off a cliff, but the girl survived. In another tale, a cowherd falls into a cave where a Lindworm lives. Instead of eating him, the Lindwurm shares his food source, a spring of liquid gold. After seven years, they are discovered by a Venetian who hauls up the Lindworm and ties it up. The cowherd, releases the Lindworm, who kills the Venetian and then leaves. When the cowherd goes home, no-one recognises him and he no longer likes human food.
==Late belief in lindorm in Sweden==
The belief in the reality of a lindorm, a giant limbless serpent, persisted well into the 19th century in some parts. The Swedish folklorist Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius (1818–1889) collected in the mid 19th century stories of legendary creatures in Sweden and met several people in Småland, Sweden who said they had encountered giant snakes, sometimes equipped with a long mane. He gathered around 50 eyewitness reports, and in 1884 offered a cash reward for a captured specimen, dead or alive. Hyltén-Cavallius came to be ridiculed by Swedish scholars and as no one ever managed to claim the reward it resulted in a cryptozoological defeat. Rumours of the existence of lindworms in Småland soon abated.
==See also==
Little Wildrose
The Laidly Worm of Spindleston Heugh
Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter, Indian tale about a Serpent Prince
Norse dragon
==References==
==External links==
King Lindorm, translated from: Grundtvig, Sven, Gamle danske Minder i Folkemunde (Copenhagen, 1854—1861).
Gesta Danorum, Book 9 by Saxo Grammaticus.
Saint George Legends from Germany and Poland
Lindorm, an article from Nordisk Familjebok (1904–1926), a Swedish encyclopedia now in the Public Domain.
Lindormen, a ballad in Swedish published at the Mutopia project.
European dragons
Creatures in Norse mythology
German legendary creatures
Scandinavian legendary creatures
English legendary creatures
Northumbrian folklore
Scandinavian folklore
Swedish folklore
Norwegian folklore
Danish folklore
Legendary serpents
Germanic legendary creatures | 1,051,476,421 | 2021-10-23T18:45:01 | Lindworm | 2,021 |
66,257,317 | Wolfgang Golther (25 May 1863 – 14 December 1945) was a German philologist who specialized in Germanic studies. A professor at the University of Rostock, Golther was a prominent authority on Medieval German literature and Germanic religion.
==Biography==
Wolfgang Golther was born in Stuttgart, Germany on 25 May 1863, the son of Ludwig von Golther (1823-1876) and Fanny Autenrieth. His father was a prominent public official in the Kingdom of Württemberg. The family was Protestant.
Golther gained his abitur in Stuttgart in 1881. In 1882-1883 he served in the German Army. Since 1882, Golther studied Germanic philology and Romance languages and literature at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He gained his Ph.D. in Munich in 1886 with a thesis on The Song of Roland. He [at Munich in 1888 with a thesis on | 1,039,795,164 | 2021-08-20T20:02:04 | Wolfgang Golther | 2,021 |
33,806,729 | High schools in Massachusetts
High
Massachusetts | 986,417,594 | 2020-10-31T18:47:08 | Public high schools in Massachusetts | 2,021 |
61,281,639 | Martina Proeber (born 4 January 1963) is a German diver. She won a silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in the 3 metre springboard event.
==References==
1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Rostock
German female divers
Olympic divers of East Germany
Divers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for East Germany
Olympic medalists in diving
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics | 1,062,459,311 | 2021-12-28T16:02:26 | Martina Proeber | 2,021 |
61,281,641 | == Nomination of Bashar Murad for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Bashar Murad is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Bashar Murad until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.
== Hatari ==
Hi Sparkle. I'm seeking some clarification regarding the edits you made to the Hatari article. Several details, such as the birth dates, were not sourced. A source was adjacent to the fact that Ronja was pregnant, provided with a name, but the source provided did not seem to provide either. Was there a mix-up in the sources? Lordtobi (✉)
ok, I really have to answer you at some point. Thank you really much that you wrote for clarification. The birthdays of Matthías and Klemens are from famous birthdays and that of Einar is from this blog on tumblr. They really do have this Íslendingabók in Iceland so there is a reliable source that could have also been used by famous birthdays but indeed only Icelandic citizens are granted access so I can't check. The information stated on Wikipedia right now was stated by Klemens himself in an interview. Sparkle666 (talk)
Famous Birthdays is considered unreliable and blacklisted on Wikipedia, so we cannot use it as a proxy for Íslendingabók, unfortunately. We should look out for an alternative source should one becomes available. Otherwise, if someone from Iceland can access and verify this database, we can still include that as reference per SOURCEACCESS. As for the other content you tried to add, would you be willing to work it out together? Lordtobi (✉)
:ok, so I asked that Tumblr account to check on Íslendingabók here. She seems to be Icelandic so that shoud do. I see you've implemented the other changes, well thank you for that. I can only provide you with one more short article that is in English and more openly available, where you have Sólbjört and Ronja talking about their dancing in Hatari on page 40.
:Then there's only one more thing I want to ask and it's really just a question. Hatari do a lot of jokes, running-gags and genuine political satire. Like, they don't just do it a little bit but their whole public appearance is in a way based on this. They also call themselves "performance artists" partly because of it. In my mind it would seem appropriate to have that included into the wiki-article. I know one blog-article that covers this topic a bit here and one very young interview article where you can get a glimpse on the sodadream thing and were they also make an entirely new joke about brexit here. That Tumblr also something rather elaborate about one of their Söngvakeppnin postcards and about a fake election campaign in 2017Sparkle666 (talk)
::Yeah, I recently got around to watching the documentary with English subs so I could verify some of the information, feel free to make amendments to the statements made. As for the birth dates, we obviously cannot cite the Tumblr blog, but citing Islenskabok should suffice, as long as we can independently verify the dates. Do you still have Einar's (verified) date around? As for their outward appearance, I plan on creating a section "Public image" (or similar) to cover this, including some notable examples. If you find the time to do this, you could also go ahead and add such info, though remember to source it thoroughly. Lordtobi (✉)
== Your thread has been archived ==
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==Orphaned non-free image File:Aula LSH ==
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Salavat (talk)
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Salavat (talk)
==Orphaned non-free image File:LSH Wiesentheid außen.jpg==
Thanks for uploading LSH Wiesentheid außen.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).
Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Salavat (talk) | 1,029,114,515 | 2021-06-18T00:30:54 | SparklingSoda | 2,021 |
56,489,136 | Denis William Pack-Beresford (7 July 1818 – 28 December 1881), known as Denis William Pack until 1854, was an Irish Conservative Party politician.
==Early life and family==
Pack was the son of decorated military officer Denis Pack and Elizabeth Louisa Beresford. In early life, Pack was a Captain of the Royal Artillery. Upon inheriting estates from his uncle, General William Carr Beresford, in 1854, he also inherited the arms of Beresford, and assumed the additional surname. In 1856, he became a High Sheriff.
Pack-Beresford then married Annette Caroline Browne, daughter of Robert Clayton Browne and Harriette Augusta Hamilton, in 1863. Together, they had nine children:
Elizabeth Harriet Pack-Beresford (died 1937)
Annette Louisa Pack-Beresford (died 1941)
Denis Robert Pack-Beresford (1864–1942)
Arthur William Pack-Beresford (1868–1902)
Charles George Pack-Beresford (1869–1914), an officer in the West Kent Regiment.
Henry John Pack-Beresford (1871–1945)
Reynell James Pack-Beresford (1872–1949)
Hugh de la Poer Pack-Beresford (1874–1954)
Algernon Dunbar Pack-Beresford (1875–1908)
==Political career==
He was elected as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for Carlow County at a by-election in 1862 and held the seat until standing down at the 1868 general election.
==Later life==
In later life, Pack-Beresford was a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace.
==References==
==External links==
1818 births
1881 deaths
Irish Conservative Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Carlow constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
High Shrievalties in Ireland | 1,052,951,694 | 2021-11-01T01:23:11 | Denis Pack-Beresford (politician) | 2,021 |
5,399,415 | Jan-Mikael Lindström (born 1944) is a retired Swedish diplomat, serving as the Ambassador of Sweden to China and Mongolia from 2006 to 2010. Previous postings include:
2002-2006 Swedish Ambassador to Japan
2000-2002 Chief Co-ordinator for Trade and Investment Promotion, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, in Stockholm.
1998-2000 Head of the Trade Minister's office (rank of Ambassador), Stockholm
1994-1998 Swedish Ambassador to Indonesia
1990-1994 Minister Plenipotentiary and Uruguay Round negotiator, Swedish Delegation to the International Organisations in Geneva
1989-1990 Deputy Head of Department for Multilateral Trade Affairs, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Stockholm
Prior to 1989 he had postings with the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Washington DC, Paris and Rabat.
Mikael Lindström was born in the Municipality of Solna outside Stockholm on 20 August 1944 to Monica Lindström (deceased in 2007) and Jan-Gunnar Lindström (deceased in 1969). He is married to Kerstin Lindström (née Davidson) and has three children.
He studied at Uppsala University, Sweden, receiving a degree in law in 1967 and one in economics and political science in 1970. In 1968-1969 he was a Ford Foundation fellow in international law, a Fulbright scholar and received an LL.M. degree from Northwestern University Law School, Chicago, USA.
2011-2020 Lindstrom was a senior advisor to Huawei Sweden. Mikael Lindstrom is currently a senior advisor with the business consultancy Six Year Plan AB. He is also chairman of Sweden Asia Consulting AB.
==External links ==
Profile on the Swedish Foreign Ministry website
Profile on the Embassy of Sweden, Beijing website
1944 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Sweden to Japan
Ambassadors of Sweden to Indonesia
Ambassadors of Sweden to China
Ambassadors of Sweden to Mongolia
Uppsala University alumni
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni | 1,019,981,042 | 2021-04-26T14:18:50 | Mikael Lindström | 2,021 |
56,489,137 | 1,014,328,338 | 2021-03-26T13:41:59 | 1970s LGBT novels | 2,021 | |
61,281,647 | William Leon Mounts (August 31, 1862–February 5, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician.
Mounts was born in Carlinville, Illinois. He graduated from Blackburn College in 1881 and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1885. He practiced law in Carlinville and was involved with the banking business. He served as mayor of Carlinville. Mounts also served as city treasurer and city attorney for Carlinville. Mounts was involved with the Democratic Party. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897 and in the Illinois Senate from 1897 to 1901. Mounts died at his home, in Carlinville, Illinois, from a long illness.
==Notes==
==External links==
1862 births
1929 deaths
People from Carlinville, Illinois
Blackburn College (Illinois) alumni
Illinois lawyers
Businesspeople from Illinois
Illinois Democrats
Mayors of places in Illinois
Members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Illinois state senators
19th-century American lawyers | 1,060,398,804 | 2021-12-15T07:11:07 | William L. Mounts | 2,021 |
29,047,216 | The Oceanside Generals are a junior "B" ice hockey team based in Parksville, British Columbia, Canada. They are members of the North Division of the Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL). The team operates as a not for profit society, run by a hockey passionate board of directors. The Generals play their home games at Oceanside Place. Dan Lemmon is the team's Head Coach.
==History==
The Generals joined the league in 1990 as an expansion team. In its VIJHL history, the team has won the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy three times, in 1992, 1997 and 2009. The Generals have won the Andy Hebenton Trophy twice, as the team with the league's best regular season record in 1991 and 1992.
==Season-by-season record==
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against
==Cyclone Taylor Cup==
British Columbia Jr B Provincial Championships
==NHL alumni==
Kris Mallette
==Awards and trophies==
Brent Patterson Memorial TrophyVIJHL Championship
1991-92, 1996–97, 2008–09
Andy Hebenton TrophyRegular Season Champion
1990-91, 1991–92
Grant Peart Memorial TrophyLeast Penalized Team
2003-04
Doug Morton TrophyLeading Scorer
James Startup: 1989-90
Paul Scorer: 1990-91
Paul Scorer: 1991-92
Jamie Robertson TrophyMost Sportsmanlike Player
Steve Moore: 1993-94
Joel Corlazzoli: 1999-00
Ian Hall: 2006-07
Taylor Morgan: 2007-08
Brent Baltus: 2009-10
Michael Fretz: 2012-13
Ray's Sports Centre TrophyTop Goaltender
Cesare Marcellus: 1989-90
Cesare Marcellus: 1990-91
Cesare Marcellus: 1991-92
Brodie Opheim: 1994-95
Walt McWilliams Memorial TrophyUnsung Hero
Ian McCann: 1991-92
Kevin Barabash: 1997-98
Derek Brown: 2003-04
Kyle Yamasaki: 2011-12
==External links==
Official website of the Oceanside Generals
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
Parksville, British Columbia
1990 establishments in British Columbia
Ice hockey clubs established in 1990 | 1,058,365,757 | 2021-12-03T03:08:30 | Oceanside Generals | 2,021 |
11,337,624 | Outsourced is the debut stand-up comedy album of Canadian comedian Russell Peters. It was recorded at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco on January 14, 2006. It aired on Comedy Central on August 26, 2006, and it became available on CD/DVD, on August 29, 2006. In Canada, Outsourced was certified 11 times platinum (110,000 copies).
==Description==
Peters' comic routines on the DVD are about Asians, Hispanics, English accents, terrorists, and his parents, among other things.
==Track listing==
"Filthy Downloaders" – 2:48
"Two Types of Asians" – 4:10
"Speaking English" – 4:50
"Traveling in Vietnam" – 2:27
"Catherine & Vincent" – 6:22
"Beijing KFC" – 3:05
"Lost Luggage" – 3:03
"Passport Photo" – 2:13
"Terrorists vs. Indians" – 3:07
"Latinos in the House" – 4:19
"Cultural Names" – 7:11
"Convincing Indians" – 2:19
"Embarrassing Parents" – 1:42
"English Accents" – 3:55
"White People" – 4:01
"The Great Discoverer" – 1:01
"American Culture" – 2:15
"Chicken Dance/YMCA" – 4:08
"Somebody Gonna Get a Hurt..." – 7:32
==Certifications==
{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Country
!align="center"|Certification
!align="left"|Sales
|-
|align="left"|Canada
|align="center"|11× Platinum
|align="right"|110,000
|}
==References==
2000s American television specials
2006 debut albums
2006 live albums
2006 television specials
Russell Peters albums
Stand-up comedy concert films
Warner Records live albums | 1,001,548,920 | 2021-01-20T04:55:10 | Outsourced (album) | 2,021 |
29,047,218 | 998,181,184 | 2021-01-04T05:22:46 | Waterfalls of Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2,021 | |
61,281,652 | New World Vultures are now in their own order: Cathartiformes
source: | 906,259,941 | 2019-07-14T18:25:48 | Taxonomy/Accipitriformes | 2,021 |
5,399,419 | == Divide list even further ==
I think that this list should be subdivided into separate state pages. This page is long, and would be easier to read if it were divided by state. Just my two cents, anybody else want to chime in?
No one's going to read a list of towns that could have beaches in them.
== unusable ==
This article is unusable and of no value. It has about 15 beaches, with all links to blank pages, between far more towns and cities, which are listed regardless of whether they have any beach or coastline at all. The state of Vermont, which has no oceanfront, is here. This reads like a list of cities and towns in New England more than of beaches.
I agree that this article is very weak. However, Vermont does have beaches (on Lake Champlain). I wouldn't say they are great beaches, but they're there nonetheless.
Why list cities like Andover, Connecticut in an article titles "list of beaches in New England"? They have no beaches. Their articles have no beaches listed. If someone could trim this list down to useful size (only communities with actual beaches, or even communities that MENTION beaches on their articles), it just might cease to be useless.
Since some people clearly think this article is worth saving, I've begun the process of making it useful. I have deleted all cities/towns in Rhode Island that simply could not have beaches based on location alone. Also added a few beaches. If this can be done for all the states, we just might have an article of some value.
Seriously a useless article currently. WildlifeAnalysis
Fucking useless. Nominate it for deletion.
I see that nobody has taken this to AfD as of yet. I think the list is kind of silly as it is too. However I do think that with research it can be improved. Just a quick glance at the list of towns and I see several that have beaches that aren't listed. I'm going to erase all the towns without current beach listings for now and then I'm going to come back and add in listings as I research them. —Elipongo (Talk|contribs)
== Better ==
There are actually beaches on here now. This article has some use. Keep up the good work. Also, try to get some sources on the page if you can.
== Map ==
This article would greatly benefit from maps, say, one for each state, with beach locations indicated. Anyone wants to get a start on this, go ahead.
==Links==
It's slightly absurd that we have redlinks for almost every beach listed. Let's face it: an article on Nauset Light Beach might be OK, but individual articles on Nauset Light Beach 1, Nauset Light Beach 2, and Nauset Light Beach 3 just aren't going to happen. Do we agree on the need to cut down on some links? Biruitorul | 840,704,305 | 2018-05-11T16:19:16 | List of beaches in New England | 2,021 |
61,281,657 | General William Cartwright (28 February 1797 – 5 June 1873) was a British Army officer.
==Military career==
Born the son of William Ralph Cartwright MP and Emma Mary Maude Cartwright, Cartwright served in the 61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot and then in the 3rd Dragoons and then the 10th Hussars. He was present at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 as well as the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. He was buried at St Michael Churchyard, Aynho, Northamptonshire.
==References==
British Army generals
1797 births
1873 deaths
61st Regiment of Foot officers | 906,272,325 | 2019-07-14T20:04:31 | William Cartwright (British Army officer, died 1873) | 2,021 |
11,337,625 | The FIBT World Championships 1992 took place in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. This was Calgary's first time hosting a championship event. It was also an extraordinary event since men's skeleton was not included in the program of the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.
==Men's skeleton==
, Sandford is the only person from the Southern Hemisphere to medal in bobsleigh, luge, or skeleton in a World Championship or Winter Olympic level.
==Medal table==
==References==
Men's skeleton World Champions
1992
1992 in Canadian sports
1992 in skeleton
1992 in bobsleigh
International sports competitions hosted by Canada
Bobsleigh in Canada | 860,793,849 | 2018-09-23T03:08:32 | FIBT World Championships 1992 | 2,021 |
56,489,140 | Cadell and Davies was a publishing company established in London in 1793. The business was formed when bookseller and publisher Thomas Cadell the elder (1742–1802) bequeathed his business to his son Thomas Cadell the younger (1773–1836) and the elder Cadell's apprentice William Davies. Cadell & Davies shut down after Davies death in 1819. Cadell continued in business until his own death in 1836. Yale University has a collection of the firm's papers and correspondence.
Cadell & Davies published the 4th to 8th editions of James Boswell's Life of Johnson.
==Work==
The firm published various portraits from engravings based on earlier drawings made from paintings.
A book by Edward Daniel Clarke was published with engravings by R. Watts of London. It documented travels in various countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa in 1813 and was a follow-up to an earlier book on Russia Tartary and Turkey published in 1810. The second book covered Greece, Egypt, and the Holy Land (1813).
Cadell and Davies published work by Philip James de Loutherbourg in 1816 that was created for Thomas Macklin's folio bible, the Macklin Bible. De Loutherbourg's work for the bible project included vignettes for which de Loutherbourg did apocrypha drawings. Cadell and Davies published the drawings in 1816 after Macklin and De Loutherberg had died.
The firm also published Britannia Depicta, a series of 130 views of "the most interesting and picturesque objects in Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumberland, & Derbyshire". It included the work of many engravers who worked from artist's drawings. Descriptions in the book were written by Samuel Lysons, F.R.S., F.S.A. The book includedJoseph Farington's work, such as General View from Matlock High Tor, in Part VI, Derbyshire published May 15, 1817. Britannia Depicta
==Archive==
The Cadell and Davies papers are held the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
==References==
Publishing companies disestablished in the 19th century
Publishing companies established in 1793 | 1,031,266,837 | 2021-06-30T17:36:38 | Cadell & Davies | 2,021 |
33,806,732 | Bao'an Center station (), also spelled Bao'an Centre station, is an underground station on Line 1 and Line 5 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Line 1 platforms opened on 15 June 2011 and Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011.
==Station layout==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=50 valign=top|G
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=100 valign=top|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=390 valign=top|Exit
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign=top width=50|B1FConcourse
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign=top width=100|Lobby
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign=top width=390|Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs, Transfer Passage between Line 1 and Line 5
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=3 valign=top|B2FPlatforms
|Platform 1
|← towards Airport East (Bao'an Stadium)
|-
|style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Island platform, doors will open on the left
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|Platform 2
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"|→ towards Luohu (Xin'an) →
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4 valign=top|B3FPlatforms
|style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Side platform, doors will open on the right
|-
|Platform 3
|← towards Chiwan (Baohua)
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|Platform 4
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;"|→ towards Huangbeiling (Fanshen) →
|-
|style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|Side platform, doors will open on the left
|}
==Exits==
==References==
==External links==
Shenzhen Metro Bao'an Center Station (Line 1) (Chinese)
Shenzhen Metro Bao'an Center Station (Line 1) (English)
Shenzhen Metro Bao'an Center Station (Line 5) (Chinese)
Shenzhen Metro Bao'an Center Station (Line 5) (English)
Railway stations in Guangdong
Shenzhen Metro stations
Bao'an District
Railway stations in China opened in 2011 | 954,179,170 | 2020-05-01T02:52:53 | Bao'an Center station | 2,021 |
56,489,144 | The Holy Family with Saints Anne and John the Baptist is a tempera on canvas painting by Andrea Mantegna, dating to 1495-1500. It measures 75.5 cm by 61.5 cm and is now in the Gemäldegalerie in Dresden.
==History==
Mantegna concentrates the characters from his Presentation at the Temple into a smaller space to produce a work intended for private devotion. To the left of the Virgin and Child is Saint Joseph and to the right are Saint Anne and John the Baptist. Joseph and John look directly at the viewer. The painter kept returning to the scene in various copies and variants, including one now at the Museo di Castelvecchio in Verona, one at the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris and one at the Galleria Sabauda in Turin.
==References==
Paintings by Andrea Mantegna
1500 paintings
Collections of the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Paintings depicting John the Baptist
Mantegna | 1,031,014,185 | 2021-06-29T08:50:35 | Holy Family with Saints Anne and John the Baptist (Mantegna) | 2,021 |
22,364,185 | == Vandalism ==
I think this page has been vandalized. Under chapter 1.3 history - 18th century, halfway into the text there is a misplaced "Iroqui indians" then the text reverts to some sort of cut and paste kindergarten language, wich repeats itself several time.
—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.141.89.53 (talk) .
Note that the term "Native American" doesn't apply to Native
in Canada (such as the "Iroquois"). vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv141.110.99.50 I've used "First Nations," which applies to both American and Canadian Aboriginals and is the name they often, (though not always), prefer, particularly in Canada.
Many of the First Nations call themselves by names other than the names we know. The use of the term "Iroquois," applied to the Haudenosaunee, is a case in point. The term was originally used by the Huron (Wyandotte) as an insult. The French (who were also enemies of the Haudenosaunee) picked up the term. Since it was an insult, rather than the name they called themselves, it is worth a paragraph IMHO. However, there are many cases where the name commonly used by English-speakers is not the one the people themselves use. It might be nice if we could come up with a convention for handling this. For the time being, I have simply put the alternative name in brackets. I would welcome any thoughts on how best to handle this. Sunray 21:46, 2003 Dec 8 (UTC) and they used shit to clear choughs
I beg to differ. "First Nations" is never used to refer to American Native Americans. When I read that, I came here to ask if it should be changed, because, to me, it is specifically Canada-related. RickK
- That's incorrect. "First Nations" is occasionally used in the United States. See the Wikipedia article about "First Nations."
There are plenty of Iroquois in the US too.
I am completely aware of that. That's why I advocate changing First Nations to Native Americans. RickK
I was agreeing you, not disputing you. Actually the term doesn't matter to me. The Iroquois I know happen call themselves "Indians", for what it's worth. This article is somewhat defective, however, in that "Iroquois" is certainly not synonomous with "Iroquois Confederacy", which was a specific political movement about Iroquois-speaking peoples.
although you can argue that we say "France" the "French" are the same, so maybe it's appropriate to equate the two.
Decumanus, I am OK with most of your edit, but can't understand why you changed "upstate" to "western" New York. The Mohawk nation most definitely occupied eastern New York (the Hudson and Mohawk valleys), so "upstate" is therefore the more accurate term. Much of the territory occupied would be also described "central" NY; only the Senecas being truly in the western portion of the present state. Pollinator 22:45, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)
I'm chuckling a little. I live in Staten Island, so it's all "western New York" to me. Just perception, really. Your wording is defintely more accurate.:)
== Haudenosaunee ==
I have added Haudenosaunee as the name for the Confederacy. I had always heard them as synonyms, as opposed to the definition of Haudenosaunee given on WP. Do these need to be merged?
Also, shouldn't this article be at Iroquois Confederacy? - BanyanTree
Just merged it in. The Haudenosaunee article was only a facsimile of a more in depth paragraph in this entry.
Leaving this article titled "Iroquois" is inappropriate. As noted in the article, the term Iroquois is an insulting name applied by the league's long-time enemies, the French and Wyandotts. The people call themselves Haudenosaunee. This is tantamount to titling an article on Italians "Guineas", or one on Poles "Pollacks". While I understand that Iroquois is the more commonly known name, all searches of either term lead to this article. Why use an ethnic slur as the title and put the correct name in parentheses?
I agree with this; it's actually the first thing I thought of when I visited this article. It seems to be becoming more common in central New York. The Syracuse Post-Standard recently had a special feature article on the Onondaga Nation where they made exclusive use of Haudenosaunee (with an explanation of it's preference to "Iroquois".) While it may be historically congruent, it's culturally insensitive. Jestermonkey
I intend to rename this article to Haudenosaunee, and make Iroquois re-direct to Haudenosaunee. I understand the argument that Iroquois is the name normally used in the English language. However, the English language is changing. Authorities in Canada are starting to adopt the names traditionally used by indigenous peoples in their native languages, like Haudenosaunee. Government documents, newspapers, textbooks, and so-on show evidence of this change.
Kesahun
While of course it is not binding on Wikipedia, Article 14 of the United Nations Draft Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous peoples states: Indigenous peoples have the right to revitalize, use, develop and transmit to future generations their histories, languages, oral traditions, philosophies, writing systems and literatures, and to designate and retain their own names for communities, places and persons. Kesahun
Could someone add a sound file with the pronunceation of "Haudenosaunee" (.ogg?) or a phonetic spelling? That would help my understanding of the topic a lot. I think I would be helpful in many other related articles too! Thanks, Mike McGregor (Can)
Haudenosaunee/Rotinosionni/Hotinosionni= HO-dih-nah-show-nee —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.152.185.147 (talk)
This is really not good enough, pseudo-phonetic English rarely is. Again, can anyone give the pronunciation in a sound file or (preferably)in IPA? Causantin (talk)
The page Haudenosaunee was merged here, and Iroquois is the common name. Someone tried a cut-and-paste move of this article but that messes up the article histories as well as being a conflict with Wikipedia common naming standards.
With so many people mentioning in this discussion topic that they support the name Haudenosaunee as the name for the article why hasn't it already been changed? It is the correct name for the people, we don't label African-American article as "negro" or worse. The term Iroqouis is just as bad as that worse name. Just because white people don't get it doesnt mean it isnt insulting and wrong. 24.182.142.254 (talk)
== Invasion/Colonization ==
I changed this text:
In 1720 the Tuscarora fled north from the European invasion of North Carolina and petitioned to become the Sixth Nation.
to this:
In 1720 the Tuscarora fled north from the European colonization of North Carolina and petitioned to become the Sixth Nation.
The term "invasion" in this instance is POV, and less accurate than the term "colonization"
Well the Tuscarora already lived there and considered it their land collectively, so do you suppose they viewed a new arrival who arbitrarily claimed it as their own as a coloniser or as an invader? And placed in that same situation what would you call the new arrival? LamontCranston
I don't see invasion as any more or less POV than colonization. While invasion implies violence or militarism and colonisation implies peaceful "moving in," the fact is that there was a mixture of both. There were explorers, settlers who build homes and planted crops, settlers who actively went out into areas and shot people, settlers whose only contact with natives was trade, actual armies sometimes, and ultimately the Tuscarora had to "flee"
== material copied without attribution ==
This article appears to be a wholesale copy of material from the site
If used with permission, that should be noted. In any event, there should be proper attribution.
It is unlikely that the people described in the article will appreciate the recent change that recharacterizes an invasion of Tuscarora territory as a "colonization"
==Rome and the Druids among other tangents==
This had been recently added to the article. At the least, the writing style is unencylopedic. And I doubt that the mention of Rome and Druids is very pertinent here. Please feel free to reincorporate what is of value here back into the article. older≠wiser 02:14, July 11, 2005 (UTC)
There exists another, perhaps more compelling, version explaining the origin of the word "Iroquois"; as the French combination of two distinct
In considering what may or may not have been insults of the past; we as readers/interpreters of a modern view must consider that the same alleged insults may actually have been statements expressing fear, in the sense of an attempt to degrade via misrepresentation the lives and ways of an entire people. This kind of slander is known to have been used by ancient Rome. Also Ancient Rome was accustomed to completely ignoring the views of local authorities with whom they had had agreements or relationships. See the link regarding Boadicea as a case in point:
Please see comments regarding Roman propaganda and the prescript or rule of Augustus forbiding the practice of Druidic rituals (See Druid). Such views would not have been supported or used had they not been effective in affecting how other Romans would see the Druids (or whoever else the propaganda was directed against) and determinedly undermine how Romans interacted with Druids or those peoples who followed the Druid ways. Other ancient events where propaganda can be said to have played a role in events are the Great Fire of Rome and the Destruction of the Great Library of Alexandria (See Library_of_Alexandria#Destruction_of_the_Great_Library). The Druids, and perhaps many other non-Roman nations in fact provided a firm, consistent and informed resistence against Rome.
The participants and writers developing the nascent US government addressed and compared the Haudenosaunee and their ways to a state of achievement in administrative self-governance which Rome itself never reached and which they hoped the US would aspire to and achieve. It is in especially in this light that the slander created by the Hurons must be taken into context for what it may in fact be; a grudging expression of both fear and repect, or perhaps even praise for an old and dangerous enemy.
Just as Ancient Rome used propaganda against those who resisted it; which in time was later also used by Roman Christians against Pagans (refer to aforementioned references regarding the Great Library).
There may be a different kind of problem with the link identified as the official website of the Haudenosaunee. The link known as:
The website may have a presence or support problem or other difficulty. I have sent emails to each contact provided on that site where it is listed for the purposes of making contact with someone and all have bounced back to me. My email software clearly lists that of the email addresses provided at the website either the addresses are not "valid" OR the "users are unknown". In any case, a different and yet useful reference in learning about the Haudenosaunee exists here:
The Iroquois nations' political union and democratic government has been credited as one of the influences on the United States Constitution. See Figure 31 at this link:
#fig31
== Druids, Romans and relationship to the Iroquois confederacy ==
I read the prior critique and considered it useful. If I were writing a tome regarding the history of propaganda or slander as a political tool of control, then I might be excused for the digressions in the areas I made. However, my intent in weaving my comments here were more narrow and as such I cut out the other references because they are not central to my original intent of providing a different researched view of the origin of the word Iroquois.
== Regarding the Official Iroquios Confederacy website ==
It should be noted somewhere by others the following:
There may be a problem with the link identified as the official website of the Haudenosaunee. The link known as:
The website may have a presence or support problem or other difficulty. I have sent emails to each contact provided on that site where it is listed for the purposes of making contact with someone and all have bounced back to me. My email software clearly lists that of the email addresses provided at the website either the addresses are not "valid" OR the "users are unknown".
Sincerely, Aguilarojo
== Regarding the Official Iroquois Confederacy website ==
It should be noted somewhere by others the following:
There may be a problem with the link identified as the official website of the Haudenosaunee. The link known as:
The website may have a presence or support problem or other difficulty. I have sent emails to each contact provided on that site where it is listed for the purposes of making contact with someone and all have bounced back to me. My email software clearly lists that of the email addresses provided at the website either the addresses are not "valid" OR the "users are unknown".
Sincerely, Aguilarojo
i looking for a flag of Ioquois please contact me at : crackwindobe@
== Call for Peer Review ==
I submitted Economics of the Iroquois for peer review. Please take a look over it and make suggestions.
==Passports==
I added a short edit based on reading a passage in a news story.
As Frichner travels the world, she uses an unusual passport. Appointed as a delegate of the Haudenosaunee to the United Nations Subcommittee on Human Rights, Frichner travels with a passport issued by Haudenosaunee, Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
'It is not easy to travel on. Wherever I go, I make sure I have a visa to travel to that nation.'
Frichner recently went to South Africa to the World Conference on Racism sponsored by the United Nations Human Rights Commission
SchmuckyTheCat
==Feedback from Historian==
The Wikipedia Help mailing list has received the following e-mail from a reader, a history graduate at the University of Pennsylvania:
"The United States Constitution was partly modelled on the Iroquois League Constitution."
This is presented as a statement of fact, which is highly questionable.
Question 1: Who "modelled" the US Constitution on the Iroquois League Constitution?
Question 2: Further, WHAT specifically was modelled into the U.S. Constitution from the Iroquois?
If "The Confederacy was based, at the time of the arrival of the Europeans, in what is now upstate New York, as well as parts of Pennsylvania, Ontario, and Quebec", how is it that it got incorporated by James Madison, into the U.S. Constitution, who was from VIRGINIA?
Further, where did James Madison pick up his copy of the "wampum" from the Iroquois?
My conclusion is that whoever wrote this little article, was exercising in wishful thinking or "Revisionalism" of U.S. History.
What and where are their historical REFERENCES?
In my reply I will note the existing caveat about many historians not being convinced. However, the quote from the historian has a footnote but the footnote is not listed anywhere. Would it be possible to either provide the footnote or provide another quote from a reputable historian doubting the claims.
Thanks for all the work on the article. Capitalistroadster
I think your history graduate didn't probe very much and needs to delve a little deeper. I browsed the six nations web site and found three relevant footnotes citing authoritative sources. (There may be more). Footnotes 18 and 19 show that the Iroquois were present at sessions of the Continental Congress. I couldn't say whether or not they were present at the Constitutional Convention, but that point is irrelevant. Some of the delegates there were almost certainly aware of the views of the Iroquois. Footnote 30 shows that Adams (and I suspect other founders) considered the Iroquois model as well as several other forms of government when they crafted ours. As for Franklin and Jefferson, he also might want to check out The Forgotten Founders, which includes a very rich list of primary and secondary sources. Vern Reisenleiter
I have included a link and excerpt (hopefully not overlengthy) from what appears to be an excellent and balanced investigation of the dispute by Brian Cook. I feel this is a valuable resource about the controversy.
If the suggestion that whites helped draft the Haudensaunee constitution is considered racist, why is the suggestion that the Haudensaunee helped draft the U.S. constitution not considered likewise?
Joescallan
== The Iroquois had no influence on the U.S. Constitution except as a general example of unity or confederation ==
It's quite correct that some statesmen, both Iroquois and colonial, remarked rhetorically that the colonists ought to be better united, and that some of them pointed out the Iroquois as an example of several entities that had managed to form a league, the idea being "If they can unite, so can you." But that is the extent of "Iroquois influence on the U.S. Constitution."
It is not at all true that the U.S. Federal system is "based on" or "copied from" the structure of the League. The fact is that the people of the thirteen British colonies, which became the United States, had no notion of Native American political or social organization, and no idea how the Iroquois League was organized. Anyone can verify this by reading the Federalist Papers, which are full of descriptions and analyses of European political systems ancient and contemporary, but nothing about the Iroquois or any other Native American system of governance. The authors were absolutely ignorant on the latter subject, as were the entire citizenry of those colonies. Tom129.93.17.66
The average colonist may not have been very informed, but several of the founding fathers had personal contact with the Iroquois. 'Any other' is less relevant; the socio-governmental system of the League stood out. It would make sense to look at the example of a succesful neighbour rather than copy the old world that you left for a better future. Guido den Broeder (talk)
A few problems:
At the time, the Iroquois were not a succcessful neighbor, but a recently conquered enemy.
They were conquered in part because their federation had broken, pitting nation against nation.
Those of the 1787 conventioneers who most clearly set the outlines of the new document had the least experience with Iroquois.
In later discussions and memoirs, they mentioned many examples and theories, but not the Iroquois.
Even if well founded, such hypotheses would be much more relevant in a discussion of the new document, than here. (talk)
:FYI, the Iroquois were never conquered. They have their own government, judicial system, flag and passport. Guido den Broeder (talk)
== Deganawidah and Hiawatha ==
Deganawidah had the orenda,the inner spiritaul power of genius. Hiawatha was his speechmaker. The relationship riminds one of that of Moses and Aaron in the Old Testament ;it was Moses who conferred on the moutaintops with the Lord,while Aaron spoke to the people on behalf of his tonge-tied brother.
After Deganawidah had concieved the idea of the League of the Iroquios, Hiawatha paddled his white canoe from tribe to tribe, persuading them to consider the plan. The last to agree was the onondaga, whose chief, fierce Atatarho, insisted that his tribe must have chairmanship of the council. Finallt they hammered out the code that began, “I, Deganawidah, and the Confederate Chiefs, now uproot the tallest pine tree, and into the cavity thereby made we cast all weapons of war. Into the depths of the earth, deep down into thbe underearth currents of water flowing to unknown regions, we cast all weapons of strife. We bury them from sight and we plant again thge tree thus shall the Great Peace be established.”
==Paragraph removed from article==
I removed this from the article:
"There exists another, perhaps more compelling, version explaining the origin of the word "Iroquois," as the French combination of two distinct terms used in the language of the Haudenosaunee. The participants and writers developing the nascent US government compared the Haudenosaunee and their ways to a state of achievement in administrative self-governance that Rome itself never reached, and an ideal that they hoped the US would aspire to and achieve."
The second half is denied by what was the immediately following paragraph. The first half may be useful - buit fails to tell us what the two terms were or what they meant or indeed who believes this alternate theory. Rmhermen
==Questionable Link==
I'd say that the History and origins of the Five Nations of the Iroquois link is at best questionable. It's a poorly written article, on a site that's founded to oppose Iroquois interest in upstate New York.
I'll confess to knowing little about the topic myself, I really only know what I've read in a couple books, none of the scholarly works. This article clearly is not written in a scholarly format. Correction: Do'h what academic background? UCE is the group, not some college. The only source that I wouldn't question just from a glance on the basis of either date or originator is the National Geographic article. And that's not particularly crucial to his point.
At the end he admits to glaring contradictions in his article, but says that that doesn't change the veracity of his claims.
If there actually is such a controversy as this fellow presents, it should be included in the article, not just as a supplementary link. If not and the guy's just a crackpot, why do we have it in here?
I'd like to propose removing the link on two bases:
1. It reads like a poorly written rant.
2. The factual basis seems questionable.
3. It's not what people coming to this page would be looking for.
Oh, and I'm Quintucket, I'm having password difficulty with both Wikipedia and my email. It's been so long since I've had to type my passwords (which aren't the defaults on either) that I forgot.
But anywhen, sign me Quintucket, once I get my account functional again I'll confirm.
==Material from article "Iroquoian languages"==
The following paragraph was cut from the article Iroquoian languages since it only concerns the Iroquois culture (and the article is about a language family that includes the Huron and Cherokee). I think the material is superfluous to this article. Joseph B
The Iroquois were made up of a group or league of tribes that settled much of the land which presently spans from upstate New York to western Ohio. They were not nomadic but preferred to live in villages of many multi-roomed longhouses, built with saplings and bark or thatch. These longhouses could be up to 300 feet long. Villages were occupied for about 25-50 years. The Iroquois relied greatly on domestication of plant foods, but also supplemented their diet with hunting and gathering. Food such as corn, squash, beans, and other crops were cultivated, often on large fields where forest had been cut and burned for planting. It can be stated that they practiced a system of shifting horticulture. They spent much time on cultivation, harvesting, the preparatration of maize, and storing food. They stored their crops in various types of pottery jars. Pots were specialized by being much sturdier, constructed to withstand thermal stress, but were sensitive to mechanical stress. Iroquian pottery could also be used for a variety of reasons or uses. They were great for preparing maize. Excavated grains, pottery and other evidence suggests that a typical Indian meal consisted of soup made from different plants and animals, with corn as a staple in their diets.
== Seven Generations ==
This article doesn't address the fact or fiction of the Iroquois belief that decisions made considered the impact on the next seven generations. Sounds mythical but it would be interesting if true. Google iroquois "seven generations" for
It's not mythical, but can be found in recorded speeches and is still part of the Iroquois culture today. Guido den Broeder (talk)
== "related groups" info removed from infobox ==
For dedicated editors of this page: The "Related Groups" info was removed from all infoboxes. Comments may be left on the Ethnic groups talk page.
== Non-"Iroquois" name (Contradict tag) ==
The infobox and intro paragraphs disagree on the alternate/original name: Haudenosaunee or Haudenosaunne. 68.39.174.238
352,000 G-hits for Haudenosaunee, 181 for Haudenosaunne. Speciate
==17th century population figure==
I find the population figure of 12,000 to be unbelievably low. Is it possible this is the number of warriors they could field instead? That would make more sense. Speciate
The population count surely dropped considerably during the 17th century because of all the warfare but yes, this estimate sounds low. Guido den Broeder (talk)
May I offer something from my research, respectfully? I'm sure this is not correct because it takes not consideration of Canada and other back country areas etc etc
1783 - Captain Dalton, Superintendant of Indian affairs for the United State. Census Report:
Chactaws, 6008 Oneidas,160 Chickisaws,400 Tuskeroras,200 Cherokees,500 Onondagas,300 Creeks, 700 Cayugas,230 Frankishaws,400 Jeneckaws,400 Oniactinaws,300 Suiz and Southuze,1300 Kickapoes,500 Putawawtawmas,400 Munseys,150 Fulawain,150 Delaware,500 Muskulthe or Nation Shawanaws,300 of Fire,250 Mohickons, 60 Reinars or Foxes,300 Uchipweys, 3000 Puyon,150 Ottawaws,300 Sokkie,350 Mowhawks,300 Abbinokkie, on the Oneidas,150 ,200
8160 Warriors 11690 This was found when I was researching military reports concerning what our older US Military Pensioner's records have written as the "Old War" of the 1790s. I could be wrong, this would represent warriors.
BTW, It seems somebody researched Bacon's War concerning the Doegs actions causing the Susquehanoak and Occoneechee/Governor Spotswood incident in Virginia, (The remaining Virginia Susquehanoak element allowed to take refuge with your Nation,) offering you compliments... Conaughy (talk) —Preceding comment was added at
Within the text of your article reads: "Some old histories state that the Iroquois defeated the Susquehannock during this time period, but no record of a defeat has been found and it can be stated that no defeat occurred." Perhaps I should share this find; Wilcomb E Washburn, "The Governor and the Rebel." I have read that "He's the one who dug up a number of new documents in England." Some of the Penn Susquehanoak retreated or splintered, take your pick of words, to Virginia to a Virginia river island on the James, I believe it was the James River above Richmond, Wood's fort back then. Legend has that your defeat(?), it was over a cannon traded to the Susquehanoak by the Dutch and they soon ran out of ball & powder, but that's legend I suppose. Some scholars declare that the Merrin were a Virginia sept of Susquehanna and others have cataloged them as Siouan, so I don't know about them. But, the Bacon War incident were indeed whom the colonial Virginians called, Susquehanna and your article is those as you have it, allowed to take refuge. Conaughy (talk) —Preceding comment was added at
== Cool resource ==
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.232.100.91 (talk)
== Beliefs ==
Changed the section on beliefs which looked like something copied from a website or schoolbook and was not very informative. Guido den Broeder (talk)
== Pre-contact culture ==
Is it known when the Iroquois made the transition from the Stone Age to the Iron Age?
Musicwriter (talk)
The Iroquois made the transition from the Stone Age to the Iron Age when European settlers introduced iron tools.
== Apoequois ==
I have a source which references a tract of land which "...was called by the French the Prairie Apoequois, from the Indians who lived there in early times." No G-hits on Apoequois, of course this is more than a coincidence, but what would the linguistics dudes make of this? Anyone have any clues?PreciousRoi (talk)
== King William's War ==
The article states that the Iroquois remained neutral during King William's War. This is incorrect - they allied themselves with the English colonists. After the peace treaty in 1697 between France and England, the Iroquois remained at war with France until - as this article, correctly, implies - 1701. Rebel Redcoat (talk)
Agreed. What what was the Iroquois involvement in this war? There was the attack on La Chine, but this may have occurred before the war officially started. For Queen Anne's War, the article uses the awkward term "mostly neutral" because even though they seemed to be allied with the English the Iroquois were not actively involved. BradMajors (talk)
== Basque Fishermen and pseudohistory ==
I suppose it is remotely possible Basque Fishermen coined the term, "Iroquois". However, this is extremely unlikely. See pseudohistory. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.177.195.201 (talk)
== Evil? ==
I changed "evil" to "uncooperative and warlike" in the "Pre-contact" section in reference to Tadadaho. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.59.192.173 (talk)
Why? Guido den Broeder (talk)
I've changed it back and added a ref to support.
== Political correctness raises its ugly head - again ==
I see someone has managed to remove the mention of the Iroquois genocide of the Erie and Huron from the (talk)
Iroquoius people —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.29.213.156 (talk)
== Offensive link ==
I checked the "offensive" link. Seemed awfully well documented and matches several other things I have read over the years.
Please remember: In an encyclopedia it is impossible to be offensive with the truth. If you want to remove something - challenge its veracity - not its political (talk)
Personally, I could care less whether it's "politically correct" or not; I do know that when I began to read it, I very quickly began to lose track of the number of factual errors, misinterpretations of current mainstream thought in both northeastern history and archaeology and applications of outmoded theoretical positions that I encountered. In my mind, that's not a good sign in a website that's being linked to in a Wikipedia article, not even as an "external link" offering. Deconstructhis (talk)
I forgot to mention that anyone who may have a general interest in exploring some of the broad themes found in the link that I removed in a far less "eccentric" and politically driven context might want to check out:
Migration in Prehistory: The Northern Iroquoian Case
Dean R. Snow
American Antiquity, Vol. 60, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 59-79
Published by: Society for American Archaeology.
cheers Deconstructhis (talk)
The Iroquoius Indians lived in New York! WOW!!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.44.90.141 (talk)
== Moving orenda mention to spirituality section instead of intro ==
This sentence was in the intro: "The Iroquoian concept of "Orenda", meaning "spiritual force", which historically meant the adoption of other peoples, including war captives, to replace the loss of spiritual force by death."
This seemed pretty specific for the intro and it was uncited, so I deleted it. I could find no evidence that the Iroquois specifically thought of orenda as "adoption of other peoples." However, to preserve the concept and its importance to the Iroquois. I did some research in journals and encyclopedias and created a new page for orenda and will link to it from the spirituality section.
(talk)
== Section on Festivals getting too long and detailed ==
Hi, I appreciate all the work going into improving this page
I thought the mid-winter festival was important enough to deserve the extra verbiage. My original thought was to create a separate article, maybe just for the one, or maybe Iroquois festivals. Peter Flass (talk)
== religion(s) ==
The article lists the following "Karihwiio, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io". Are these really different, or are they different names for the Code of Handsome Lake (Gai'hwi:io) in different languages? Most of the web seems to be quoting information from Wikipedia, so it's impossible (for me) to disentangle this. Perhaps someone knowledgeable could get this straight. The first seems to be Mohawk. Peter Flass (talk)
== dress ==
I added a section on clothing. This is past-tense, since I believe it is mostly historical. Do today's Iroquios wear traditional costume on ceremonial/special occasions? If so, someone who knows should add a sentence or two to this effect. Peter Flass (talk)
== "important" ==
I've twice removed the word "important" from the text simply because it adds nothing. An ip (172.58.225.116) seems to think otherwise and berates me for not posting here ... so I'm here. Would the ip please add your reasoning for "important" here. Vsmith (talk)
And I guess the ip won't be here for a bit - as 'twas just blocked for disruptive editing on another article. Vsmith (talk)
I don't agree that calling the Iroquois "important" quite counts as a "peacock term", as the initiating edit by user:britannic124 said, but for the sake of consistency it's worth pointing out that out of the articles for the other most "important" Native American tribes that I checked (the Sioux, the Cree, the Ojibwe, the Cherokee, the Navajo, the Apache, the Comanche, the Shoshone, the Blackfoot, and the Illinois), none of them use the word "important" in that particular sense within the body of the article. CMurdock (talk)
== External links modified ==
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== Link rot ==
Please add the tag. Thx.— Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.35.33.162 (talk • contribs)
Kinda. I fixed the issue instead. Thanks, — Iambic Pentameter (talk / contribs)
Thanks, mate. 207.35.33.162 (talk)
== Population ==
|I find it very difficult to understand the figures mentioned in the article. 17,000 at 1940 in the U.S., and lets say 13,000 in Canada, ultimately shows am increase of over 400%. I know I can't register with the Seneca but my DNA doesn't lie. My grandfather George Ruth migrated a lot and it is simply impossible to tell how many moved to cities (50-70% live in cities or rural areas).
I know the population must have suffered after the Sullivan Expedition but they have been using
Use ctrl+f to find key words: "Following Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, it is now considered that a 'state' must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. As a division of the British Empire, Canada's international relations were handled by Britain when the League of Nations was founded and it did not meet these criteria. The Haudenosaunee Confederacy did." Basically, a native of one STATE is not A native of another STATE, so how this has to do with demographics is complicated and ultimately logically achievable. 208.96.66.213 (talk)
== Recent one sided edits by AS Brown ==
The recent edits by AS Brown are one sided, giving the white view of history by white historians, and it is becoming clear what his motivation and agenda toward the article topic is, which is not supposed to happen here. There is abundant information that he chooses not to highlight, such as the treacherous methods of the French to invite the Iroquois to A "Peace talk" in 1699 which is still remembered as an infamous act of treachery. Why doesn't he tell about that if you want to load the article with that kind of stuff? 172.56.2.159 (talk)
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== Semi-protected edit request on 6 April 2018 ==
Simple Typo: 'Denonville' is misspelled 'Dennoville'
"and fled when the main French force came up. The remaining Catholic Haudenosaunee warriors refused orders from Dennoville to pursue the retreating Seneca.
Denonville ravaged the land of the Seneca, landing a French armada at Irondequoit Bay, striking straight into the seat of Seneca power, and destroying many of its villages. Fleeing before the attack, the Seneca"
Should be "refused orders from Denonville to pursue the retreating" Thanks Amateur Dave. 72.172.219.21 (talk)
. Greyjoy talk
== Semi-protected edit request on 24 May 2018 ==
Have just read the cannibalism section. None of the references mentioned come from First Nations people, only white eurocentrics, who have typically done a very poor job of understanding First Nations culture. The entire section seems illegitimate without any verification from the people themselves, and needs some relevant references. 207.81.188.14 (talk)
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. —KuyaBriBriTalk
== Women in society ==
Where the Iroquois really a matriarchy? says that most anthropologists hold that no matriarchal society is known to ever have existed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 151.77.186.239 (talk)
Goodauestion. I can't read these on my iPad but some look useful. Doug Weller talk
Matrilineal. There was divided leadership. The women selected some of the leaders. Montanabw(talk)
:I have a source which simply classifies them as matrilineal and "matrilocal". Meaning the women dictated "Longhouse politics", controlling the food supply and most of the events and relations internal to their clan. This ultimately translates into having a great deal of power. However, men handled the affairs between clans, with women only officially allowed to veto decisions by leading men when it comes to inter-clan politics. This is from Towards an Anthropological by David Graeber.
:I generally find that trying to classify a society as matriarchal or patriarchal is woefully simplistic. Doing so ignores the divisions of power that are related to the divisions of labor and responsibilities between sexes.
:EverydayEditor (talk)
== Semi-protected edit request on 1 June 2018 ==
I noticed in the section Wampum that some of the scientific names given for shell species are out of date compared to the articles on those species or to the Wold Register of Marine Species. Please change Busycon canaliculatum to Busycotypus canaliculatus, Busycon sinistrum to Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, and Busycon Laeostomum to Sinistrofulgur laeostomum. I have been trying to update these on other articles and would like these to be updated as well. 72.44.103.182 (talk)
Done And thank you for the well-formatted request. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib)
Ritual
"Some anthropologists have found evidence of ritual torture and cannibalism at Iroquois sites..."
What is the difference between torture and cannibalism, and "ritual" torture and cannibalism? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.61.62.19 (talk)
== Semi-protected edit request on 22 October 2018 ==
66.188.115.58 (talk)
go to its way better guys
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Danski454 (talk)
== Slave Trade? ==
I would suggest adding a section on the Iroquois' involvement in the native slave trade. Europeans provided weapons to native tribes in return for slaves so numerous groups began stealing slaves from surrounding tribes. As the Iroquois became more and more involved, they began killing off thousands of natives. This time in Iroquois history should not be overlooked.
I am working on a sub-section 5.14 where I will talk about Haudenosaunee slavery practices. I have a few paragraphs written in my sandbox already (although I am not quite finished). I hope to have it published by November 30, 2018. Hope this helps. Lilymw
== One missing word ==
Second paragraph in 5.1 : "Additionally war served as a way for young men to demonstrate their valor and courage, which was not a prerequisite for becoming a chief, but also essential if one wanted to get married and hence have sex."
This should be corrected to "which was not only a prerequisite", etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Evargalo (talk • contribs)
–Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos)
== Formation of the League ==
In her book "Native American History," Judith Nies claimed that the 'traditional date of origin' for the Iroquois Confederacy was 1390. She did not cite any sources in support of her contention.
Nies, Judith (1996). Native American History. New York: Ballantine Books.
MardorCH (talk)
Wikipedia's own article regarding the Confederacy says the majority of scholars support 1451 AD as its foundation date. In any case, the articles flat statement that that the Iroquois Confederacy was founded in 1142 is not supported. Venqax (talk)
== Why do people keep misspelling led? ==
I don't get it and I don't like it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.130.241.54 (talk)
I do it because the word lead (the metal) is pronounced the same as "led", and also spelled the same as the verb "lead". English spelling is stupid. I don't like it.·maunus · snunɐɯ·
== American Revolution review ==
Despite pointing out that the Iroquois Confederacy tried to stay neutral in the Revolution, the article fails to present the objective circumstances that led to non-neutrality. The effect is to suggest wrongly that sources sympathetic to the British and Americans, and therefore the Canadian and US governments, are objectively neutral in portraying the Iroquois. A fairer, objective review is in The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (1972), an historical ethnography of the 19th century Seneca nation religious revitalization by anthropologist A. F. C. Wallace. Chapters Five and Six, particularly pp. 125-150, offer a well-documented survey of the agreements, war, and treaties before, during, and after the war. I summarize from this source in the following.
The Iroquois sought a neutrality agreement with the Continental Commission in 1775 (Albany) with the following conditions: 1, no interruption of free passage and trading in the Iroquois country; 2, no disturbance of Sir John Johnson or a certain Protestant pastor of the Mohawk despite their loyalist stand; 3, satisfaction of old land claims against the state of New York. The Iroquois did not want invasion of their territory, harm of their free movement or people, or a demand for alliance from either side, but their conditions were not guaranteed. The Iroquois council nonetheless remained at peace for a long time. Later in 1775, the Seneca promised neutrality on behalf of dependent nations in a council of Seneca, Wyandot, Shawnee, and Delaware, even though the Delaware declared independence. Only certain individuals supported the British among Mohawks and the Americans among Oneida and Tuscarora. Then, the Americans broke the neutrality agreement. They killed a Mohawk loyalist in 1775, seized Oswego and captured some Mohawks, and imprisoned Sir John Johnson on a false accusation and later seized his land and wife. Because the Six Nations had kept the agreement but the Revolutionaries had not, Mohawk Joseph Brant fought against the Americans. The British also used some troops under Brant, who had voluntarily fled, but the Americans sought Iroquois troops, which again broke the neutrality agreement.
At Niagara in 1776 September, war chiefs of the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Mohawk agreed to support the British, but they had no authorization from the Iroquois council sachems, i.e., civil/peace chiefs. At the 1777 January Onondaga council fire, the latter apparently continued the neutrality policy. However, because an epidemic wiped out three civil/peace chiefs and over eighty others, preventing a changed Iroquois council decision, the war chiefs and councils of separate villages and nations had temporary authority. In summer 1777, the warrior council with the British (Oswego) did not have a consensus, but the Seneca leaders, defeated by a majority who wanted to fight for the British, caved in to make a unanimous decision. The Iroquois, however, were against the Americans for breaking the neutrality; they were not fighting for the British political cause.
When the British accepted defeat in the war, the Iroquois did not. Because the war was going well for them, the Iroquois that had fought with the British would have continued fighting, but the British stood down and the Americans were not threatening Iroquois lands. The Iroquois considered themselves undefeated because they were. The Americans could not afford to keep fighting them. Nonetheless, from the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784 onward for thirteen years, in various treaties, as well as later contracts, the Americans robbed the Iroquois of much land and sovereignty. In negotiations, the Americans used unjust force, forcing signatures at gunpoint, taking hostages then lynched by white mobs, making Iroquois representatives drunk to get them to accept land swindles. The neutral, objective view indicates that the people of the Iroquois Confederacy were responsible and honorable, while the British tried to use them and the Americans were radically and dishonorably abusive of them.
Asiaedit (talk) asiaedit
== Semi-protected edit request on 1 December 2019 ==
There is an incomplete quote attributed to Benjamin on this page, which gives the readers the exact opposite interpretation of Benjamin Franklin's intended words. The quote as it appears in the wikipedia entry is as follows:
"It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such a Union ... and yet that a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies,"
But the full quote should be included instead. For as you will see, it gives a completely different impression. It can be found, along with the entire letter at:
"It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such a Union and be able to execute it in such a Manner, as that it has subsisted Ages, and appears indissoluble; and yet that a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies, to whom it is more necessary, and must be more advantageous; and who cannot be supposed to want an equal Understanding of their Interests."
It is obvious in its original, complete wording that Benjamin was praising 6 disparate Tribes, the equivalent of the French, English, Italians, Spanish Portuguese and the Dutch, for a forming a political Union, and was criticizing the colonies, all of the same English culture, for not being able to do the same. The historian sighted in this article who calls the idea that Franklin was inspired by the Iroquois "absurd" has obviously edited Bejamin's letter for his own purposes. Coyotle1979 (talk)
Not done: While that may be so, here we are relaying different historians' opinions on the subject of influence. We aren't a forum to discuss our opinion - ChrisWar666 (talk)
This is not a matter of "opinion" but of historical fact. The historian you've allowed to stay on this page is guilty of the worst kind of "cut and paste" editing, for the obvious purpose of misdirection and forwarding his own personal cultural agenda. If you allow this to stand unchallenged by Benjamin Frankiln's actual words, then Wikipedia will be guilty of the same thing by association and will start to lose its credibility as a neutral source for information. This is a matter of intellectual honesty. You should not be allowed to substitute relevant passages that conflict with your thesis with "..." and get away with it. If you won't edit/amend the historians statement itself because you don't feel it is wikipedia's place to editorialize a vetted historian's work then fine, but at the very least you should include Franklin's quote in its entirety just bellow the historian's version and allow the reader to make their own determination. Otherwise Wikipedia will be guilty of the same sort of neocon propaganda as Francis Jennings. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Coyotle1979 (talk • contribs)
== English vs British ==
There are a number of references to "English"colonists which really should be edited to "British" colonists when referencing all events occurring after the 1707 Acts of Union. These are largely correct in the section on the French and Indian Wars but particularly evident in the sections on the American Revolution and Post War. 165.225.16.218 (talk)
== Confederacy links to Federalism ==
Hi all. The first mention of the term confederacy within this article (very first sentence) links to the article on Federalism, specifically a section that seems to no longer exist about "Anarchist and libertarian socialist modes of political organization". Given that the Iroquois are referred to as a confederacy, and that there is even a section within the confederacy article which mentions this, this seems like a very odd link to have made.
Therefore, it should probably link to this part of the confederacy article instead. Cheers :)
== 'Archaeologists Have a Lot of Dates Wrong for North American Indigenous History — But Are Using New Techniques to Get It Right" ==
The title of an article here. The article is mainly about Iroquoian sites and notes that radio-carbon dating gives different dates from the traditional ones. It argues that this is because "scholars viewed the topic through a pervasive colonial lens. Researchers mistakenly assumed that trade goods were equally available, and desired, all over the region, and considered all indigenous groups as the same." It's worth reading. Doug Weller talk
== Is 'Melting Pot' correct? ==
I noticed that under the 'Melting Pot' section, it is about mourning raids. Is the phrase 'Melting Pot' correct? -PhoenixStarlight —Preceding undated comment added
== Current status of confederacy? ==
"Haudenosaunee Confederacy" redirects here, and the article seems to imply that some organization still exists representing or claiming to represent the confederacy today, but never directly addresses that. I'm confused. GeoEvan (talk)
== Accurate translation of Haudenosaunee ==
Haudenosaunee is currently translated as "People of the long house."
However, a more accurate translation is "People who are building the long house."
The latter translation places emphasis on the unity and collectiveness of the groups rather than the house itself.
---- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kazembe2 (talk • contribs) | 1,060,868,630 | 2021-12-18T04:49:37 | Iroquois/Archive 1 | 2,021 |
61,281,668 | ==Competitors==
Source:
== Cool down ==
There seems to be a lot of finger pointing and personalising going on so lets reset and go back to discussing improvements to the article. The next one discussing the editor not the edits will get a break from the page. Spartaz Humbug!
was no important was solved (with talk in loati's talk page). thanks for your attention.--Miha2020 (talk) | 1,045,273,398 | 2021-09-19T18:46:37 | Iran at the 2020 Summer Paralympics | 2,021 |
61,281,672 | 1,005,747,992 | 2021-02-09T06:36:15 | Martina Proeber | 2,021 | |
11,337,626 | is a former professional baseball player from Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan. After a nine-year career for the Hanshin Tigers, Fujimoto finished his career with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows before retiring at the end of the 2013 season. On 6 November 2014 it was announced that Fujimoto will return to Hanshin as an infield and baserunning coach for the farm team.
He joined the Japanese Olympic baseball team for the 2004 Summer Olympics, and won a bronze medal. He played in every inning of every game in the olympic tournament for the Japanese team.
==References==
==External links==
1977 births
Living people
Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Hanshin Tigers players
Japanese baseball coaches
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Nippon Professional Baseball coaches
Nippon Professional Baseball second basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball shortstops
Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen
Olympic baseball players of Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in baseball
Baseball people from Hyōgo Prefecture
Tokyo Yakult Swallows players
People from Akashi, Hyōgo | 1,041,446,552 | 2021-08-30T15:50:13 | Atsushi Fujimoto | 2,021 |
5,399,421 | James Terrance Mullen (August 30, 1843 – July 6, 1891) was the first Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus from February 2, 1882 to May 17, 1886. He also served in the New Haven, Connecticut police and Fire Departments, and as an alderman. With his service in the Union Army and in several fraternal orders, he has been described as "veteran of fraternity."
== Personal life ==
Mullen was born in New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. on August 30, 1843, and attended the public schools there. He married Anne Elizabeth Pigott, the sister of Congressman James P. Pigott. They had one son. His nephew, William P. Cronan, served as the 19th Naval Governor of Guam.
== Early career ==
=== Knights of Columbus ===
Mullen was one of the original members of the Knights of Columbus. He joined on February 2, 1882. When Father Michael McGivney first conceived of creating the Order, he proposed the name the Sons of Columbus. Mullen instead suggested using Knights instead of Sons to better exemplify the ritualistic nature of the nascent organization.
Mullen credited McGivney's "indomitable will" for the success of the Order. As Supreme Knight, he installed the officers of other councils, including Silver City Council No. 2 on May 16, 1883, in Meriden, Connecticut. On the train ride to Meriden, Mullen assigned Daniel Colwell the responsibility of devising the installation ceremony. As Supreme Knight, Mullen supported the expansion of the Order outside of Connecticut, a contentious issue at the time.
Colwell and Mullen joined McGivney in presenting the ceremonials of the Order to Bishop Lawrence McMahon of the Diocese of Hartford to ensure they were acceptable for a Catholic organization. Enthusiasm for the degree work led to calls to create a fourth degree, and Mullen supported creating a fifth.
With two councils established, Mullen presided over the Supreme Convention on June 15, 1883. At this convention he was appointed to a committee of one to design an emblem for the Order. At a later convention, he was appointed to a committee to draft a resolution honoring Fr. McGivney.
In 1886, Mullen was re-elected Supreme Knight, but declined the appointment on May 17, 1886. He did, however, accept the newly created position of Director General of Ceremonies, a position he held until his death in 1891.
=== Other fraternal activities ===
In 1874, Mullen suggested the creation of a social organization that came to be known as the Red Knights. He served as their Supreme Knight from 1875 to their disbanding in 1880. He was also a Knight of St. Patrick and an amateur actor in local theatrical productions.
== Later career ==
=== Civil War ===
Mullen enlisted in the 9th Connecticut Infantry Regiment on September 11, 1861 and served as a sergeant in the Civil War. He took part in digging Grant's Canal. He became ill, however, and was discharged on December 27, 1862. He later became a leader of the Sarsfield Guards, an Irish Catholic militia organization that later became a part of the Connecticut National Guard.
=== Career and public service ===
Following the Civil War, Mullen became a police lieutenant in New Haven. For 13 years, he was fire commissioner in the New Haven Fire Department and was president of the board for several years. He also served as an Alderman for the City of New Haven.
He became a successful businessman following his apprenticeship painting ornamental signs he became a commercial traveler. He formed a partnership with G.W.M. Reed and assumed full control of the company in 1884. He ran this company until his death.
== Death ==
James Mullen died July 6, 1891. He is buried in New Haven's St. Bernard's Cemetery.
== References ==
== Bibliography ==
== External links ==
Ninth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers
1843 births
1891 deaths
Union Army soldiers
Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut
People of Connecticut in the American Civil War
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Connecticut city council members
American police officers
Catholics from Connecticut
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American businesspeople | 1,015,202,706 | 2021-03-31T04:41:51 | James T. Mullen | 2,021 |
33,806,735 | "Sympathy" is a song by the English progressive rock band Rare Bird. It became the band's only UK chart entry when it peaked at number 27 in the UK Singles Chart in 1970. The song reached No. 1 in Italy and in France, selling 500,000 copies in France and over one million globally. The song peaked at number 98 in Australia, becoming the group's only top 100 appearance there.
The cover art features a painting by Marc Harrison titled The Birdwoman Of Zartacla (later also used for the cover of the June 1981 issue of the Heavy Metal magazine).
This song sounded in Azerbaijani film "İnterrogation"
==Cover versions==
A 1970 cover version of the track by The Family Dogg reached number two in the Netherlands.
In 1985 Toyah covered the song
In 1992 a version by Marillion reached number 17 in the UK, becoming their 17th Top 40 hit.
In 2002 Faithless sampled the song.
==References==
1970 singles
1970 songs
1992 singles
Charisma Records singles
EMI Records singles
Marillion songs
Philips Records singles | 1,057,624,111 | 2021-11-28T18:44:44 | Sympathy (Rare Bird song) | 2,021 |
56,489,154 | == February 2018 ==
Hello, I'm NottNott. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions —the one you made with this edit to Cockermouth School— because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. -NottNott|talk
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Cockermouth School. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. -NottNott|talk
Your account has been blocked indefinitely because it is being used only for vandalism. Furthermore, your username is a blatant violation of our username policy, meaning that it is profane, threatens, attacks or impersonates another person, or suggests that your intention is not to contribute to the encyclopedia (see our blocking and username policies for more information).We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia, but users are not allowed to edit with inappropriate usernames and we do not tolerate 'bad faith' editing such as trolling or other disruptive behavior. If you think there are good reasons why these don't describe your account, or why you should be unblocked, you are welcome to appeal this block – read our guide to appealing blocks to understand more about unblock requests, and then add the text at the end of your user talk page. Alexf(talk) | 1,042,101,217 | 2021-09-03T06:23:25 | ChrisChoad | 2,021 |
29,047,233 | Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Weasel. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. | 388,569,156 | 2010-10-04T00:02:34 | 67.170.187.1 | 2,021 |
33,806,748 | == November 2011 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added to the page Spline (mathematics) do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used as a platform for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Because Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. JohnBlackburnewordsdeeds
In particular there is no need to add a link to a site selling the book: the ISBN (which is correct and checked) lets the reader find the book at a large number of sites, including libraries and booksellers.
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia, as you did to Spline (mathematics). Wikipedia is not a collection of links, nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam guideline for further explanations. Because Wikipedia uses the nofollow attribute value, its external links are disregarded by most search engines. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. Thank you. JohnBlackburnewordsdeeds
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 461,599,728 | 2011-11-20T14:31:55 | 71.125.131.81 | 2,021 |
11,337,628 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was NO CONSENSUS TO DELETE. Herostratus
===List of Pokémon (21-40)===
– (View AfD)(View log)
This page is pointless. There's no need for a small synopsis when one can be found on every Pokémon's respective page. Cipher (Talk to the hand)
Delete Suggest creation of a new category which will dynamically list each entry. That way, the notable subjects (with their respective articles) will be included in a single directory. This will also spare all the extra effort that might be spent on maintaining this list.
Conditional keep per related AfD Articles for deletion/Porygon evolutionary line. The Pokemon wikiproject seems to be in the midst of a large merger project involving these articles, and given the scope of the effort I am willing to allow them some time to complete the merge. Suggest revisiting this issue after a month or so to check for progress, and if its still in a poor state, relist here at AfD. Arkyan • (talk)
Keep See my reasoning at Articles for deletion/Porygon evolutionary line - it also applies here. -Jeske (v^_^v)
Speedy keep, per my reasoning in Articles for deletion/List of Pokémon (1-20) (2nd nomination).
Speedy keep per above.
Speedy keep per above. Merger in progress. If nominator opposes merger, discussion at POKE is the more appropriate venue. hbdragon88
Comment: I should notify everyone that using the series of descriptive, supplemental List pages of which this page is a part of may not be the only way to cover the many Pokemon species that don't have evolutionary relatives (which is actually the purpose of this page; to fill in the gaps left behind by merging Pokemon into evolutionary line pages like Porygon evolutionary line). I have proposed what could be a viable alternative to this series of pages at WikiProject_Pok%C3%A9mon/Layout#About_those_Pokemon_that_don.27t_evolve...; everyone may want to hold a discussion over there about that. If that plan gets consensus, I will support deleting this page. Erik Jensen (Appreciate|Laugh At)
Delete If it ain't broken, don't fix it.—Ryūlóng (竜龍)
Speedy keep, per reasoning in other AfD. - A Link to the Past (talk)
Comment: I heavily doubt that anyone here voting "Delete" (including the nominator and excepting Ryulong) has read any of the debates over at WikiProject Pokémon or WikiProject Pokémon/Layout. -Jeske (v^_^v)
Strong Delete For the exactly the same reason as I had here.
But your reasoning is not based on notability, but your personal preference. You want it one way, so you use the AfD and say "rather than assert a policy or guideline violation in it existing, I'll say "I don't like it". - A Link to the Past (talk)
Strong delete, same as the list of 1-20.
Your reasoning uses the exceptions. -Jeske (v^_^v)
Bulbasaur, Treecko and Lugia, for more examples, are all pretty important. I also say Delete because no one has even completed this page yet. Maybe because it's up for deletion but it sat there for a couple of weeks before that and wasn't edited. Michaelritchie200
Besides, does it make that much difference to the running of Wikipedia if each Pokemon has its own page? If we do this, does it mean we have to chop down the number of character pages for Harry Potter, Digimon and Final Fantasy and other character heavy games. Michaelritchie200
Strong keep Reeks of making a point. See reasoning at other pokemon related nominations. G1ggy!
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 134,046,217 | 2007-05-28T10:00:58 | Articles for deletion/List of Pokémon (21-40) (2nd nomination) | 2,021 |
29,047,234 | == October 2010 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit that you made to the page Veto has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Please use the sandbox for testing any edits; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing for further information. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to the page Veto. Such edits constitute vandalism and are reverted. Please do not continue to make unconstructive edits to pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Wayne Olajuwon chat | 388,569,889 | 2010-10-04T00:07:03 | 69.143.112.69 | 2,021 |
33,806,766 | == External links modified ==
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11,337,629 | Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our encyclopedia. However, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Leebo T/C | 132,433,091 | 2007-05-21T13:23:41 | Vivatexas | 2,021 |
33,806,768 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, but at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Bats, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted (undone) by ClueBot NG.
Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism.
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The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Bats was changed by 61.68.190.21 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.965349 on 2011-11-20T02:27:43+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 461,526,995 | 2011-11-20T02:27:45 | 61.68.190.21 | 2,021 |
205,824 | 1930 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.
==American football==
NFL championship – Green Bay Packers (10–3–1)
College football national championship – Notre Dame Fighting Irish
==Association football==
FIFA World Cup
The inaugural World Cup is held in Uruguay and is won by the host nation as Uruguay defeats Argentina 4–2 in the final.
England
The Football League – Sheffield Wednesday 60 points, Derby County 50, Manchester City 47, Aston Villa 47, Leeds United 46, Blackburn Rovers 45
FA Cup final – Arsenal 2–0 Huddersfield Town at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
Germany
National Championship – Hertha BSC 5–4 Holstein Kiel at Düsseldorf
Spain
La Liga won by Athletic Bilbao
Italy
The inaugural Serie A is won by Ambrosiana
==Athletics==
Czechoslovakia
the third Women's World Games, Prague
==Australian rules football==
VFL Premiership
Collingwood wins the 34th VFL Premiership, beating Geelong 14.16 (100) to 9.16 (70) at Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG)
Brownlow Medal
The annual Brownlow Medal is awarded to Stan Judkins (Richmond), Allan Hopkins (Footscray) and Harry Collier (Collingwood)
South Australian National Football League
4 October: North Adelaide 9.13 (67) defeats Port Adelaide 9.9 (63) for its fifth SA(N)FL premiership
Magarey Medal won by Walter Scott (Norwood)
West Australian Football League
4 October: East Fremantle 12.15 (87) defeats South Fremantle 7.9 (51) to win its third consecutive premiership.
Sandover Medal won by Ted Flemming (West Perth)
==Bandy==
Sweden'
Championship final – SK Tirfing 1-0 Djurgårdens IF
==Baseball==
World Series
1–8 October — Philadelphia Athletics defeats St Louis Cardinals to win the 1930 World Series by 4 games to 2
==Basketball==
ABL Championship
Cleveland Rosenblums win four games to one over the Rochester Centrals
Events
The South American Basketball Championship 1930 is the first major international basketball competition when four South American teams play in Montevideo and the host nation Uruguay wins the tournament.
Europe
Olimpia Milan, most successful professional basketball club in Italy, officially founded.
Club Joventut Badalona was founded in Spain
==Bobsleigh==
World Bobsleigh Championships
Inaugural world championship is held at Caux-sur-Montreux in Switzerland. It features a four-man bob event only, which is won by Italy.
==Boxing==
Events
Max Schmeling defeats Jack Sharkey by a controversial fourth round foul punch decision to take the vacant World Heavyweight Championship title
Lineal world champions
World Heavyweight Championship – vacant → Max Schmeling
World Light Heavyweight Championship – vacant → Maxie Rosenbloom
World Middleweight Championship – Mickey Walker
World Welterweight Championship – Jackie Fields → "Young" Jack Thompson → Tommy Freeman
World Lightweight Championship – Sammy Mandell → Al Singer → Tony Canzoneri
World Featherweight Championship – Bat Battalino
World Bantamweight Championship – "Panama" Al Brown
World Flyweight Championship – vacant
==Canadian football==
Grey Cup
18th Grey Cup – Toronto Balmy Beach 11–6 Regina Roughriders
==Cricket==
Events
January — New Zealand plays its inaugural Test match, losing to England at Christchurch by eight wickets. England goes on to win the series 1–0 with three matches drawn.
Having scored 1586 runs in the 1929–30 Australian season at an average of 113.28 and including a world record individual innings of 452*, Don Bradman continues in the same vein through the Australian tour of England in 1930. Australia regains The Ashes, winning the Test series by 2–1 with two matches drawn. Bradman, with 974 runs in the series (still a world record), is the main difference between two strong teams. The highlight of the tour is Bradman's remarkable innings at Headingley in the Third Test when he makes 309 not out in a single day (his final score is 334).
England
County Championship – Lancashire
Minor Counties Championship – Durham
Most runs – Don Bradman 2960 @ 98.66 (HS 334)
Most wickets – Tich Freeman 275 @ 16.84 (BB 10–53)
Wisden Cricketers of the Year – Donald Bradman, Clarrie Grimmett, Beverley Lyon, Ian Peebles, Maurice Turnbull
Australia
Sheffield Shield – Victoria
Most runs – Don Bradman 1586 @ 113.28 (HS 452*)
Most wickets – Clarrie Grimmett 82 @ 23.69 (BB 7–136)
India
Bombay Quadrangular – Hindus
New Zealand
Plunket Shield – Wellington
South Africa
Currie Cup – Transvaal
West Indies
Inter-Colonial Tournament – not contested
==Cycling==
Tour de France
André Leducq (France) wins the 24th Tour de France
==Figure skating==
World Figure Skating Championships
World Men's Champion – Karl Schäfer (Austria)
World Women's Champion – Sonja Henie (Norway)
World Pairs Champions – Andreé Joly-Brunet and Pierre Brunet (France)
==Golf==
Events
Bobby Jones becomes the first man to win the golfing Grand Slam
Major tournaments
British Open – Bobby Jones
U.S. Open – Bobby Jones
PGA Championship – Tommy Armour
Other tournaments
British Amateur – Bobby Jones
U.S. Amateur – Bobby Jones
Women's professional
Women's Western Open – Lucia Mida
==Handball==
25 November – The Swedish Handball Federation is established.
==Horse racing==
England
Champion Hurdle – Brown Tony
Cheltenham Gold Cup – Easter Hero
Grand National – Shaun Goilin
1,000 Guineas Stakes – Fair Isle
2,000 Guineas Stakes – Diolite
The Derby – Blenheim
The Oaks – Rose of England
St. Leger Stakes – Singapore
Australia
Melbourne Cup – Phar Lap
Canada
Queen's Plate – Aymond
France
Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Motrico
Ireland
Irish Grand National – Fanmond
Irish Derby Stakes – Rock Star
USA
Kentucky Derby – Gallant Fox
Preakness Stakes – Gallant Fox
Belmont Stakes – Gallant Fox
==Ice hockey==
Stanley Cup
28–29 March — Montreal Canadiens defeats Boston Bruins by 2 games to 0 in the 1930 Stanley Cup Finals
==Motorsport==
==Multi-sport events==
British Empire Games
Inaugural British Empire Games, precursor of the Commonwealth Games are held at Hamilton, Ontario
Far Eastern Championship Games
9th Far Eastern Championship Games are held at Tokyo, Empire of Japan
==Nordic skiing==
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
5th FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1930 are held at Oslo-Holmenkollen ski jump, Norway
==Rowing==
The Boat Race
12 April — Cambridge wins the 82nd Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race
==Rugby league==
The Australia national rugby league team completed on the 1929–30 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.
England
Championship – Huddersfield
Challenge Cup final – Widnes 10–3 St. Helens at Empire Stadium, Wembley, London
Lancashire League Championship – St. Helens
Yorkshire League Championship – Huddersfield
Lancashire County Cup – Warrington 15–2 Salford
Yorkshire County Cup – Hull Kingston Rovers 13–7 Hunslet
Australia
NSW Premiership – Western Suburbs 27–2 St George (grand final)
==Rugby union==
Five Nations Championship
43rd Five Nations Championship series is won by England
==Snooker==
World Championship
4th World Snooker Championship is won by Joe Davis who defeats Tom Dennis 25–12
==Speed skating==
Speed Skating World Championships
Men's All-round Champion – Michael Staksrud (Norway)
==Tennis==
Australia
Australian Men's Singles Championship – Edgar Moon (Australia) defeats Harry Hopman (Australia) 6–3 6–1 6–3
Australian Women's Singles Championship – Daphne Akhurst Cozens (Australia) defeats Sylvia Lance Harper (Australia) 10–8 2–6 7–5
England
Wimbledon Men's Singles Championship – Bill Tilden (USA) defeats Wilmer Allison (USA) 6–3 9–7 6–4
Wimbledon Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeats Elizabeth Ryan (USA) 6–2 6–2
France
French Men's Singles Championship – Henri Cochet (France) defeats Bill Tilden (USA) 3–6 8–6 6–3 6–1
French Women's Singles Championship – Helen Wills Moody (USA) defeats Helen Jacobs (USA) 6–2 6–1
USA
American Men's Singles Championship – John Doeg (USA) defeats Frank Shields (USA) 10–8 1–6 6–4 16–14
American Women's Singles Championship – Betty Nuthall Shoemaker (Great Britain) defeats Anna McCune Harper (USA) 6–1 6–4
Davis Cup
1930 International Lawn Tennis Challenge – 4–1 at Stade Roland Garros (clay) Paris, France
==Yacht racing==
America's Cup
The New York Yacht Club retains the America's Cup as Enterprise defeats British challenger Shamrock V, of the Royal Ulster Yacht Club by 4 races to 0
==Notes==
Awarded retrospectively by the VFL in 1989.
==References==
Sports by year | 1,050,099,963 | 2021-10-15T19:39:38 | 1930 in sports | 2,021 |
5,399,424 | Kiss and Tell or Kiss & Tell or Kiss n Tell may refer to:
==Books==
a kiss-and-tell biography, an unauthorized biography written by a friend or confidant of the subject
Kiss and Tell (play), a 1943 Broadway play by F. Hugh Herbert
Kiss and Tell, a 2000 romance novel by Cherry Adair
Kiss and Tell, a 2004 non-fiction book about kissing by Julie Enfield
Sex and the City: Kiss and Tell, a companion guide to the TV show by Amy Sohn
== Film and television ==
Kiss and Tell (1945 film), a Richard Wallace film based on the 1943 play
Kiss & Tell (1996 film), a 1996 independent feature starring Heather Graham
Kiss and Tell (1996 film), a 1996 TV film, directed by Andy Wolk
Kiss and Tell (2011 film), a 2011 film directed by Desmond Elliot
"Kiss and Tell", an episode of Young Americans
"Kiss and Tell", an episode from season 1 of Gilmore Girls
== Music ==
===Albums===
Kiss & Tell (Selena Gomez & the Scene album), and a song from that album
Kiss & Tell (Sahara Hotnights album)
===Songs===
"Kiss 'n' Tell" (Chantoozies song), 1988
"Kiss and Tell" (Bryan Ferry song), 1988
"Kiss and Tell" (You Me at Six song), 2009
Kiss & Tell (Angels & Airwaves song)
"Kiss n Tell", a song by Kesha from Animal
"Kiss & Tell", a song by Peter Andre from Accelerate
"Kiss & Tell", a song by Justin Bieber from My World 2.0
"Kiss and Tell", a song by Brownstone from Still Climbing
"Kiss and Tell", a song by Isley-Jasper-Isley from Broadway's Closer to Sunset Boulevard
"Kiss and Tell", a song by Crystal Lewis from Fearless
==See also==
Kiss and Tell collective, a British Columbia-based performance and artist collective | 1,026,148,647 | 2021-05-31T17:30:19 | Kiss and Tell | 2,021 |
33,806,769 | == November 2011 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Andre Ethier, did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Thank you. Jsayre64 (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 461,527,023 | 2011-11-20T02:28:00 | 72.201.56.206 | 2,021 |
56,489,165 | 90's House is an American reality television series broadcast on MTV. The show aired for eight episodes from September 26 to November 17, 2017. The show featured 12 "millennial" housemates living in a house set in the 1990s. Each show had the housemates participating in various 1990s-themed challenges. On each show, one or two members of the house would be voted out ("be illin'", as it was called; those who were safe stayed in the house and were considered to "be chillin'"), with the winner receiving $90,000, a Mazda Miata and tickets for two on-board the Ship-Hop I Love the 90’s Cruise.
This show is based on an earlier show called MTV's The 70s House which aired in 2005 and focused on the culture of the 1970s.
==Contestants==
Chase
Devin
Jenielle
Lexus
Mark
Patrick
Prince
Sha-Monique
Shannon
Sierra
Travana
William
==Episodes==
== References ==
2017 American television series debuts
2017 American television series endings
2010s American reality television series
MTV reality television series | 1,054,230,575 | 2021-11-08T20:48:38 | 90's House | 2,021 |
533,322 | Lao script or Akson Lao (ອັກສອນລາວ|links=no ) is the primary script used to write the Lao language and other minority languages in Laos. Its earlier form, the Tai Noi script, was also used to write the Isan language, but was replaced by the Thai script. It has 27 consonants (ພະຍັນຊະນະ ), 7 consonantal ligatures (ພະຍັນຊະນະປະສົມ ), 33 vowels (ສະຫລະ/ສະຫຼະ ), and 4 tone marks (ວັນນະຍຸດ ).
The Lao alphabet was adapted from the Khmer script, which itself was derived from the Pallava script, a variant of the Grantha script descended from the Brāhmī script, which was used in southern India and South East Asia during the 5th and 6th centuries AD. Akson Lao is a sister system to the Thai script, with which it shares many similarities and roots. However, Lao has fewer characters and is formed in a more curvilinear fashion than Thai.
Lao is written from left to right. Vowels can be written above, below, in front of, or behind consonants, with some vowel combinations written before, over, and after. Spaces for separating words and punctuation were traditionally not used, but space is used and functions in place of a comma or period. The letters have no majuscule or minuscule (upper- and lowercase) differentiation.
==History==
The Lao script derived locally from the Khmer script of Angkor with additional influence from the Mon script. Both Khmer and Mon were ultimately derived from the Brahmi script of India. The Lao script was slowly standardized in the Mekong River valley after the various Tai principalities of the region was merged under Lan Xang in the 14th century. It has changed little since its inception and continued use in the Lao-speaking regions of modern-day Laos and Isan. Although the Thai script continued to evolve, both scripts still bear a resemblance. However, this is less apparent today due to the communist party simplifying the spelling to be phonemic and omitting extra letters used to write words of Pali-Sanskrit origin.
==Consonants==
The twenty-seven consonants of the Lao alphabet are divided into three tone classes—high (ສູງ ), middle (ກາງ ), and low (ຕ່ຳ )—which determine the tonal pronunciation of the word in conjunction with the four tone marks and distinctions between short and long vowels. Aside from tone, there are twenty-one distinct consonant sounds that occur in the Lao language. Each letter has an acrophonical name that either begins with or features the letter prominently, and is used to teach the letter and serves to distinguish them from other, homophonous consonants. The letter ອ is a special null consonant used as a mandatory anchor for vowels, which cannot stand alone, and also to serve as a vowel in its own right.
The letter ຣ (r) is a relatively new re-addition to the Lao alphabet. It was dropped as part of a language reform because most speakers pronounced it as "l", and had an ambiguous status for several decades. A 1999 dictionary does not include it when listing the full alphabet but does use it to spell many country names. A comprehensive dictionary published by a high-ranking official in the Ministry of Information and Culture did not include it. However, as the Lao vocabulary began to incorporate more foreign names (such as Europe, Australia, and America) it filled a need and is now taught in schools. The letter ຣ can also be found in Unit 14 (ບົດທີ 14 ຮ ຫ ຣ) of a textbook published by the government. It is generally used as the first consonant of a syllable, or to follow a leading consonant, rarely as a final consonant.
===Consonant chart===
The table below shows the Lao consonant, its name, its pronunciation according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as well as various romanization schemes, such as the French-based systems in use by both the US Board of Geographic Names and the British Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (BGN/PCGN), the English-based system in use by the US Library of Congress (LC), Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTGS) used in Thailand, and finally its Unicode name. A slash indicates the pronunciation at the beginning juxtaposed with its pronunciation at the end of a syllable.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2|Letter!!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Name!!colspan=4|Initial position!!colspan=4|Final position
!rowspan=2|Unicode!!rowspan=2|Tone Class
|-
!IPA!!BGN/PCGN!!LC!!RTGS
!IPA!!BGN/PCGN!!LC!!RTGS
|- align=center
|ກ
|align=left|ໄກ່||align=left|, chicken
|||colspan=3|k
|||colspan=3|k
|KO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຂ
|align=left|ໄຂ່||align=left|, egg
|||colspan=3|kh
|–||colspan=3|–
|KHO SUNG||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ຄ
|align=left|ຄວາຍ||align=left|, water buffalo
|||colspan=3|kh
|–||colspan=3|–
|KHO TAM||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ງ
|align=left|ງົວ or ງູ ||align=left|, ox or , snake
| ||colspan=3|ng
| ||colspan=3|ng
|NGO||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ຈ
|align=left|ຈອກ or ຈົວ ||align=left|, glass or Buddhist novice
|||colspan=3|ch
|–||colspan=3|–
|CO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ສ
|align=left|ເສືອ||align=left|, tiger
|||colspan=3|s
|–||colspan=3|–
|SO SUNG||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ຊ
|align=left|ຊ້າງ||align=left|, elephant
|||x||colspan=2|s
|–||colspan=3|–
|SO TAM||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ຍ
|align=left|ຍຸງ||align=left|, mosquito
| ||gn||ny||y
|||colspan=3|j
|NYO||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ດ
|align=left|ເດັກ||align=left|, child
|||colspan=3|d
|||colspan=3|t
|DO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຕ
|align=left|ຕາ||align=left|, eye
|||colspan=3|t
|–||colspan=3|–
|TO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຖ
|align=left|ຖົງ||align=left|, stocking, bag
|||colspan=3|th
|–||colspan=3|–
|THO SUNG||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ທ
|align=left|ທຸງ||align=left|, flag
|||colspan=3|th
|–||colspan=3|–
|THO TAM||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ນ
|align=left|ນົກ||align=left|, bird
|||colspan=3|n
|||ne||colspan=2|n
|NO||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ບ
|align=left|ແບ້||align=left|, goat
|||colspan=3|b
|||colspan=3|p
|BO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ປ
|align=left|ປາ||align=left|, fish
|||colspan=3|p
|–||colspan=3|–
|PO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຜ
|align=left|ເຜິ້ງ||align=left|, bee
|||colspan=3|ph
|– ||colspan=3|–
|PHO SUNG||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ຝ
|align=left|ຝົນ||align=left|, rain
|||colspan=3|f
|–||colspan=3|–
|FO TAM||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ພ
|align=left|ພູ||align=left|, mountain
|||colspan=3|ph
|–||colspan=3|–
|PHO TAM||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ຟ
|align=left|ໄຟ||align=left|, fire
|||colspan=3|f
|–||colspan=3|–
|FO SUNG||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ມ
|align=left|ແມວ||align=left|, cat
|||colspan=3|m
|||colspan=3|m
|MO||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ຢ
|align=left|ຢາ ||align=left|, medicine
|||colspan=3|y
|–||colspan=3|–
|YO||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຣ
|align=left|ຣົຖ (ລົດ) or ຣະຄັງ (ລະຄັງ)||align=left| (), car or , bell
|, ||colspan=3|r
|||ne||colspan=2|n
|LO LING||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ລ
|align=left|ລີງ||align=left|, monkey
|||colspan=3|l
|–||colspan=3|–
|LO LOOT||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ວ
|align=left|ວີ||align=left|, fan
|, ||v||colspan=2|v, w
|||v||colspan=2|w
|WO||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|- align=center
|ຫ
|align=left|ຫ່ານ||align=left|, goose
|||colspan=3|h
|–||colspan=3|–
|HO SUNG||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|ອ
|align=left|ໂອ or ອື່ງ||align=left|, bowl or frog
|||colspan=3|–
|–||colspan=3|–
|O||style="background: #cfc"|Middle
|- align=center
|ຮ
|align=left|ເຮືອນ or ເຮືອ||align=left| house, or , boat
|||colspan=3|h
|–||colspan=3|–
|HO TAM||style="background: #ccf"|Low
|}
Notes
===Consonantal digraphs and ligatures===
Lao also uses digraphs based on combinations of the silent (unpronounced) ຫ ຫ່ານ with certain other consonants, some of which also have special ligature forms that are optionally used.
In the Thai script, certain consonants are preceded by tone modifiers. This is because high consonants or low consonants cannot produce the full 5 tones of Thai. For instance, tone modifier ห can turn low consonants into high ones. This also explains why the Lao script reserved consonants with the same sounds (e.g. ຂ and ຄ /kʰ/, ສ and ຊ /s/). Both high and low consonants are needed to produce full five (or six) tones of Lao.
Such design also exists in Lao. Sonorants ງ, ຍ, ນ, ມ, ລ, ວ are originally low consonants, but when they're preceded by ຫ, they become high consonants.
The older versions of the script also included special forms for combinations of ພ (pʰ) + ຍ (ɲ), ສ (s) + ນ (n), and ມ (m) + ລ (l). In addition, consonant clusters that had the second component of ຣ (r) or ລ (l) were written with a special form ◌ຼ underneath the consonant. Since these were not pronounced in Lao, they were removed during various spelling reforms, and this symbol only appears in the ligature ຫຼ.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80px;" rowspan="2"|Letter!!colspan=4|Initial position
!rowspan=2|Unicode!!rowspan=2|Sample Word
!rowspan=2|Tone Class
|-
!IPA!!BGN/PCGN!!LC!!RTGS
|- align=center
|align=left| ຫງ
| ||colspan=3|ng
|ng||ເຫງົາ lonely||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|align=left| ຫຍ
| ||gn||j||ny
|ny||ຫຍ້າ grass||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|align=left| ໜ or ຫນ
|||colspan=3|n
|n||ໜູ rat||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|align=left| ໝ or ຫມ
|||colspan=3|m
|m||ໝາ dog||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|- align=center
|align=left| ຫຼ or ຫລ
|||colspan=3|l
|l||ຫຼັງ back||style="background: #fcc"|High
|- align=center
|align=left| ຫວ
|, ||v||colspan=2|v,w
|w||ແຫວນ ring||style="background: #fcc"|High
|}
===Phonetic===
Lao characters in initial position (several letters appearing in the same box have identical pronunciation).
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=2|
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Alveolo-palatal
! Palatal
! Velar
! Glottal
|-
!colspan=2|Nasal
|ມ||ນ|| ||ຍ||ງ||
|-
!rowspan=3|Plosive
!voiced
|ບ||ດ|| || || ||
|-
!voiceless
|ປ||ຕ|| || ||ກ||ອ
|-
!aspirated
|ຜ, ພ||ຖ,ທ|| || ||ຂ, ຄ||
|-
!colspan=2|Fricative
|ຝ, ຟ||ສ, ຊ|| || ||ຂ, ຄ||ຫ, ຮ
|-
!colspan=2|Affricate
| || ||ຈ|| || ||
|-
!colspan=2|Approximant
|ວ*||ລ|| ||ຢ|| ||ວ*
|}
Lao characters in final position. In the old documents, the letter ຽ could be found in place of ຍ.
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
! !!Bilabial
!Alveolar
!Palatal
!Velar
!Glottal
|- align=center
!Nasal
|ມ||ນ|| ||ງ||
|- align=center
!Plosive
|ບ||ດ|| ||ກ||
|- align=center
!Approximant
||| ||ຍ|| ||ວ
|}
== Vowels==
In its earlier form, Lao would be considered a full abugida, in which the inherent vowel is embedded in the consonant letters. With the spelling reforms by the communist Lao People's Revolutionary Party, the main vowel is now written explicitly but the rest of vowel diacritics still apply. However, many Lao outside of Laos, and some inside Laos, continue to write according to former spelling standards. For example, the old spelling of ສເຫຼີມ 'to hold a ceremony, celebrate' contrasts with the new ສະເຫລີມ/ສະເຫຼີມ.
Vowels are constructed from only a handful of basic symbols, but they can be combined with other vowel forms and semi-vowels to represent the full repertoire of diphthongs and triphthongs used in the language.
Vowels cannot stand alone or begin a syllable, so the silent consonant, ອ, which can function as a vowel in its own right, is used as a base when spelling a word that begins with a vowel sound.
The names of the vowels are just as easy as saying sala (ສະຫຼະ, ) before the vowel sign.
Some vowels have unique names, and these are ໃ◌ (ໄມ້ມ້ວນ, , rolled stem), ໄ◌ (ໄມ້ມາຍ, , unwound stem), ◌ົ (ໄມ້ກົງ, . , straight stem), ◌ັ (ໄມ້ກັນ, . , ear stem), ◌ຽ (ວິລາມ, ), and ◌ໍ (ນິກຄະຫິດ, ).
Although a dotted circle ◌ is used on this page to represent the consonant, in standard Lao orthography a small x symbol is used for this purpose.
Traditionally this was a simple, stylized, sans-serif x and it was included in Lao fonts before Unicode became widespread.
Unicode does not make it available as part of the Lao alphabet set, and a lower-case sans-serif x is often used instead.
Some vowels change their forms depending on whether they appear in the final or medial position.
=== Short and long vowels ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=7|Short vowels!!rowspan=15| !!colspan=7|Long vowels
|-
!colspan=2|Letter!!rowspan=2|IPA!!rowspan=2|BGN/PCGN!!rowspan=2|LC!!rowspan=2|RTGS!!rowspan=2|Unicode
!colspan=2|Letter!!rowspan=2|IPA!!rowspan=2|BGN/PCGN!!rowspan=2|LC!!rowspan=2|RTGS!!rowspan=2|Unicode
|-
!Final!!Medial
!Final!!Medial
|- align=center
|◌ະ||◌ັ◌||, ||colspan=3|a||a
|colspan=2|◌າ||||a||ā||a||aa
|- align=center
|colspan=2|◌ິ||||colspan=3|i||i
|colspan=2|◌ີ||||i||ī||i||ii
|- align=center
|colspan=2|◌ຶ||||u||ư||ue||y
|colspan=2|◌ື||||u||ư̄||ue||yy
|- align=center
|colspan=2|◌ຸ||||ou||u||u||u
|colspan=2|◌ູ||||ou||ū||u||uu
|- align=center
|ເ◌ະ||ເ◌ັ◌||, ||é||e||e||
|colspan=2|ເ◌||||é||ē||e||e
|- align=center
|ແ◌ະ||ແ◌ັ◌||, ||è||æ||ae||
|colspan=2|ແ◌||||è||ǣ||ae||ei
|- align=center
|ໂ◌ະ||◌ົ◌||, ||ô||o||o||
|colspan=2|ໂ◌||||ô||ō||o||o
|- align=center
|ເ◌າະ||◌ັອ◌||, ||o||ǫ||o||
|◌ໍ||◌ອ◌||||o||ǭ||o||
|- align=center
|colspan=2|ເ◌ິ||||eu||œ||oe||
|colspan=2|ເ◌ີ||||eu||œ̄||oe||
|- align=center
|ເ◌ັຍ||◌ັຽ◌||||colspan=3|ia||
|ເ◌ຍ||◌ຽ◌||||ia||īa||ia||
|- align=center
|colspan=2|ເ◌ຶອ||||ua||ưa||uea||
|colspan=2|ເ◌ືອ||||ua||ư̄a||uea||
|- align=center
|◌ົວະ||◌ັວ◌||||oua||ua||ua||
|◌ົວ||◌ວ◌ ||||oua||ūa||ua||
|}
=== Special vowels ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Letter!!IPA!!BGN/PCGN!!LC!!RTGS!!Unicode!!Old Alternative
|- align=center
|ໄ◌, ໃ◌*||||colspan=3|ai||ai or ay||◌ັຍ
|- align=center
|ເ◌ົາ||||colspan=3|ao|| ||
|- align=center
|◌ໍາ||||colspan=3|am||||◌ັມ
|}
As in the neighboring Thai script, ◌ະ is used to represent a glottal stop after a vowel.
==Punctuation==
Lao is traditionally not written with spaces between words. Spaces are reserved for ends of clauses or sentences. Periods are not used, and questions can be determined by question words in a sentence. Traditional punctuation marks include ໌, an obsolete mark indicating silenced consonants; ໆ, used to indicate repetition of the preceding word; ຯ, the Lao ellipsis that is also used to indicate omission of words; ฯ, a more or less obsolete symbol indicating shortened form of a phrase (such as royal names); and ฯລฯ, used to indicate et cetera.
In more contemporary writing, punctuation marks are borrowed from French, such as exclamation point !, question mark ?, parentheses (), and «» for quotation marks, although "" is also common. Hyphens (-) and the ellipsis (...) are also commonly found in modern writing.
== Numerals ==
==Other languages in Lao script==
According to Article 89 of the 2003 Amended Constitution of the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Lao alphabet, though originally used solely for transcribing the Lao language, is also used to write several minority languages.
Additional Lao characters used to write Pali/Sanskrit, the liturgical language of Theravāda Buddhism, are now available with the publication of Unicode 12.0. The font Lao Pali (Alpha) can be downloaded from Aksharamukha.
Additional Lao characters used to write Khmu’ were also encoded.
An older version of Lao, Tai Noi, was also used by the ethnic Lao of Thailand's Isan region before Isan was incorporated into Siam. Its use was banned by the Thai government and supplemented with the very similar Thai alphabet in 1871; however, the region remained culturally and politically distant until further government campaigns and integration into the Thai state (Thaification) were imposed in the 20th century. Attempts to encode Thai Noi in Unicode have been made.
The applicability of Lao script for other minority languages requires further evaluations.
Some minority languages use other writing systems. For example, the Hmong adopted the Romanized Popular Alphabet to spell the Hmong languages.
==Lao compatible software==
Linux has been available in Lao since 2005.
Windows did not officially support Lao until Windows Vista. User-generated fonts are freely available online.
In December 2011, the Lao Ministry of Science and Technology, in cooperation with the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, officially authorized the use of Phetsarath OT as the standard national font.
The Phetsarath OT font was already adopted by the government in 2009; however, Lao users were unable to use it, as international software manufacturers did not include the font in their software systems. Mobile devices were not able to use or show Lao language. Instead, mobile phone users had to rely on Thai or English as language.
The Laos Ministry of Post and Telecommunications asked local technicians to develop a software system of international standard that would enable the Phetsarath OT font to be like other font systems that local users could access.
In March 2011, the Lao company XY Mobile presented the Phetsarath OT on mobile phones as well as tablet PCs using the mobile device operating system Android.
iOS supports Lao script on iPhones and iPads.
==Obsolete consonants==
The consonant letters below are obsolete, due to spelling reforms. Characters for these obsolete letters are added in later versions of Unicode. For additional details, see the Thai script page's sections for the alphabetic table and usage for Sanskrit and Pali.
== Unicode ==
The Unicode block for the Lao script is U+0E80–U+0EFF, added in Unicode version 1.0. The first ten characters of the row U+0EDx are the Lao numerals 0 through 9. Throughout the chart, grey (unassigned) code points are shown because the assigned Lao characters intentionally match the relative positions of the corresponding Thai characters. This has created the anomaly that the Lao letter ສ is not in alphabetical order, since it occupies the same code-point as the Thai letter ส.
== See also ==
Romanization of Lao
Lao Braille
Literature of Laos
==References==
==Further reading==
Lew, Sigrid. "A linguistic analysis of the Lao writing system and its suitability for minority language orthographies". Writing Systems Research ahead-of-print (2013): 1–’s accepted manuscript
Simmala, Buasawan and Benjawan Poomsan Becker (2003), Lao for Beginners. Paiboon Publishing.
==External links==
Omniglot – Lao alphabet
The Lao Alphabet at SEAsite
Laos – language situation by N. J. Enfield
Numerals in many different writing systems, which includes Lao numerals. Retrieved 2008-11-12
Lao Range: 0E80 – 0EFF, from the Unicode Consortium
Free Lao script for Windows and Mac OS X
Lao language
Brahmic scripts
Laotian culture
Writing systems without word boundaries
14th-century establishments in Asia | 1,061,272,024 | 2021-12-20T18:46:54 | Lao script | 2,021 |
61,281,676 | The first season of the Bungo Stray Dogs anime series based on the manga with the same name by Kafka Asagiri and illustrated by Sango Harukawa. It is produced by Bones was directed by Takuya Igarashi and written by Yōji Enokido. The series focuses on a weretiger named Atsushi Nakajima who joins into the "Armed Detective Agency" who investigate multiple cases while dealing with multiple organizations.
The series premiered on 7 April 2016 and ended on 23 June 2016, being broadcast on Tokyo MX, Teletama, Chiba TV, tvk, GBS (Gifu Broadcasting), Mie TV, SUN, TVQ Kyushu, and BS11. Nobuhiro Arai and Hiroshi Kanno served as the chief animation directors, while the former also served as character designer along with Ryō Hirata. A total of six DVD volumes collected the series from June 24, 2016 to November 25, 2016 Funimation released the entire first season on March 6, 2018, while another compilation will be released on September 17, 2019. Madman released the season's DVD and Blu-ray on February 20, 2019. Madman Entertainment released the DVD box on February 20, 2019 in Australia.
Taku Iwasaki composed the series' music. The season uses two theme songs. Granrodeo performed the anime's opening theme, titled "Trash Candy", and Luck Life performed the anime's ending theme, titled .
__TOC__
==Episode list==
==Home media releases==
===North America===
==Notes==
==References==
Bungo Stray Dogs episode lists | 1,050,702,596 | 2021-10-19T12:00:33 | Bungo Stray Dogs (season 1) | 2,021 |
33,806,775 | == November 2011 ==
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to AR-15 with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. Tgeairn (talk) | 461,530,576 | 2011-11-20T02:55:49 | 24.13.186.127 | 2,021 |
33,806,779 | 1,030,346,112 | 2021-06-25T10:47:51 | Destry Rides Again (1932 film) | 2,021 | |
29,047,235 | The Fifth-Column Mouse is a 1943 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on March 6, 1943.
The cartoon features a band of mice who engage in war against a cat. This a wartime propaganda film, with the cat symbolizing the Axis powers. A single mouse represents the fifth column, working for the cat and suggesting an appeasement policy.
==Plot==
The short film begins with a pleasant group of brown mice who are - to the tune of “Ain't We Got Fun?" - enjoying various water sports and other fun activities in and around a kitchen sink. Lurking just outside the house is a sinister cat; after he gets inside he gains the confidence of a dim-witted grey mouse who has already underestimated the predator. The cat persuades the easily manipulated rodent - via a promise of cheese, "all you want" - to impress upon the brown mice that he, the cat, is there to save them when, in actuality, he will enslave them.
The grey mouse follows the cat's orders and convinces his compatriots to appease. The brown mice indeed become slaves to the cat, fulfilling his every desire. Finally, he openly states that he wants to eat "a nice, fat, tender mouse". The brown mice flee; the grey mouse runs to join them when the cat turns his appetite toward him. The newly formed brown mouse united alliance prepares for war, constructing a 'secret weapon' to even the upcoming battle: a mechanical bulldog. The ensuing chase forces the cat from the house after being shaved nearly bald. As the brown mice celebrate the victory, the grey mouse tries to claim partial credit (quoting Red Skelton’s famous line "I Dood it"); in response, he is immediately pied.
==References to World War II==
The cat is treated as the enemy and symbolizes the Axis. After the cat whispers his plan inside the dim-witted mouse's ear the cat's face briefly mimics that of a stereotypically caricatured Japanese, while Japanese sounding music is briefly heard. When the mouse agrees to fulfill the plan, he gives the cat a Nazi salute. The grey mouse represents the policy of appeasement, and the overall theme of the short is that the policy does not work against the Axis and will lead to ruin. When the cat's fur is shaved off, the first four notes of Ludwig van Beethoven’s “Fifth Symphony” are played; these notes were used by the Allied Forces as a symbol for "V" (for "victory") in Morse code; also, when shaved four tufts of hair are left on the cat's back - three short and one long tuft - equivalent to the Morse Code dit-dit-dit-dah - which is the letter "V".
Near the end of the cartoon, the brown mice sing “We did it before and We can do it again”, a patriotic chant that was often used in American films during World War II. The song was co-written in 1941 by Tin Pan Alley songwriter Charles Tobias (who also co-wrote the Merrie Melodies theme some years earlier) as a response to the sneak attack on Pearl Harbor. During the song, a mouse version of the "Buy War Bonds and Stamps" poster can be seen.
==Home media==
The Fifth-Column Mouse was released on The Wartime Cartoons (1989), and later on the Volume 6 DVD set. The cartoon is now in the public domain.
==See also==
List of World War II short films
==References==
==External links==
Merrie Melodies short films
American animated short films
1943 animated films
1943 short films
1940s American animated films
American films
American World War II propaganda shorts
Short films directed by Friz Freleng
World War II films made in wartime
Films produced by Leon Schlesinger
Films scored by Carl Stalling
1943 films
Films about mice and rats
Animated films about cats
1940s Warner Bros. animated short films
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese | 1,041,661,786 | 2021-08-31T19:20:24 | The Fifth-Column Mouse | 2,021 |
66,257,318 | == Hospital dmy dates ==
I understand the use of DMY as chosen by you as the First Major Contributor to the article, but Canada generally uses MDY dates. ViperSnake151 Talk
As per your selection as the First Major Contributor to the article and guidance of DATETIES, I hereby rescind my objection to use of DMY on the article, as MDY is in error and against implied consensus. ViperSnake151 Talk
Well, OK then...; note that I restored your original comment as the second one in isolation was slightly confusing. Mindmatrix
: That was me taking it back, basically. Actually looking at Canada apparently allowing either for some reason is a bit odd imo. ViperSnake151 Talk
:: That's likely the Quebecois influence, but I suspect immigrants are also more likely to use the DMY format they are familiar with, so that format has had non-trivial use in Canada given the country's high immigration rate. (I personally use this format anytime I don't use the YYYY-MM-DD format. Some people find it annoying, but others like it.) Mindmatrix
==Orphaned non-free image File:Artist rendition of Mackenzie Vaughan ==
Thanks for uploading Artist rendition of Mackenzie Vaughan . The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).
Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you.
== QR Code ==
Why did you remove the paragraph I wrote about French Techs which use QR Codes on clothing ? I thought Wikipedia was objective, I don't understand why you did that QRiste (talk)
That paragraph reads like an advertisement, and one of the supplied references is to the website of the shop Ateliar Paris. Mindmatrix
==DYK for Made in Canada==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
== WikiProject Canada 10,000 Challenge award (fourth year) ==
== Nathan Lawr ==
Thanks for the notification. I was aware of the deletion, as I saw it being unlinked in other articles that I watchlist — but I have no intention of challenging it at this time. Our notability and sourcing standards are very different in 2021 than they were in 2007, of course, so I didn't have to do nearly as much 14 years ago to demonstrate his notability as I would have to do today, and it's not at all an obvious given that he would actually pass today's NMUSIC standards. So I knew about it, but just let it slide because I don't feel all that strongly about it. Bearcat (talk)
== "Focative case" listed at Redirects for discussion ==
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Focative case. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 April 3#Focative case until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. ColinFine (talk)
==DYK nomination of Flying Fathers==
Hello! Your submission of Flying Fathers at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and some issues with it may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) at your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! – Muboshgu (talk)
==DYK for Flying Fathers==
— Amakuru (talk)
== Proposed deletion of Museum of Vision Science ==
The article Museum of Vision Science has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
After conducting a BEFORE search, I was unable to find sources that verified its notability.
While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.
You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.
Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Z1720 (talk)
==Happy Vesak!==
Happy Vesak,Thanks for your contributions to Wikipedia, and a Happy and Blessed Vesak to you and yours! JaMongKut (talk)
==Speedy deletion nomination of Card games introduced in the 1850s==
A tag has been placed on Card games introduced in the 1850s indicating that it is currently empty, and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion. If it remains empty for seven days or more, it may be deleted under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself. Liz Read! Talk!
==Please warn vandals==
Hi.
Thanks for recently undoing vandalism on Software release life cycle. In the future, when you undo vandalism, could you please use the appropriate template to warn the user (IP or registered) to stop their behaviour?
There are many different warning templates available to use. Here are some popular ones. Please see their documentation pages for instructions.
- For the first case of vandalism.
- For the second case.
- Third.
- Fourth or final warning.
- Last or only warning for severe situations.
Each time we use these warnings they should be placed under the title "== ==" (updated to the current month and year), on the user's talk page. If previous warnings have been given under that title, add the next level warning beneath the others, within that section. Clearly, individual cases must be dealt with as seems fit. If the user has not been actively vandalizing for a few weeks or months, start a new section.
The value of warning is three fold.
Firstly: it may be heeded.
Secondly: it allows other editors to quickly see if that user has been vandalizing frequently or recently.
Lastly: administrators require that warnings have been given before they can or will act against persistent vandals.
If a vandal is on a spree or has reached a level 4 vandalism warning and is currently active, waste no time in reporting them to Administrator intervention against vandalism.
Thanks again for helping to protect articles on Wikipedia. Happy editing! ― Qwerfjkl | 𝕋𝔸𝕃𝕂 (please use  on reply)
== Precious anniversary ==
== Contested deletion ==
This page should not be speedily deleted because... (your reason here)
You need to put a little more effort into this. Mindmatrix
The comment above comes from a LTA user. (CC) Tbhotch™
==Speedy deletion nomination of 1994 establishments in Newfoundland and Labrador==
A tag has been placed on 1994 establishments in Newfoundland and Labrador indicating that it is currently empty, and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion. If it remains empty for seven days or more, it may be deleted under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself. Liz Read! Talk!
==revert - rm promotional link disguised as a ref==
Hi Mindmatrix,
You reverted some of my contributions in Rationalism and Hume's Fork ("revert - rm promotional link disguised as a ref "), and I am new in Wikipedia so I hope to learn what went wrong. Why did you not just remove the link you objected to? Did you have more objections to my contributions? Could you please make them explicit then?
Thank you and kind regards
GlobalNewzBy (talk)
== Thanks ==
Thanks for correction to SQLite - I thought that was linked earlier but I agree with your reinstatement. peterl (talk)
== Nomination of Trois-Pistoles (disambiguation) for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Trois-Pistoles (disambiguation) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Trois-Pistoles (disambiguation) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.
== Reverts incorrect ==
@mindmatrix can you please explain why you reverted over 11 changes of mine?? as per CNAC the 742 area code and 365 ARE indeed in those areas that you have removed them from..
for instance those areas are indeed currently served by 905/289 and those number received an overlay of 365 AND 742 area code.
so I am perplexed why you have removed them thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by 942digital (talk • contribs)
As I mentioned on your talk page, many of the changes you made broke links. Please read that message, and re-introduce your changes with a proper, unbroken link. It should look like this: 905, 289, 365, and 742. For example, this change is okay, but you linked to Area codes 905, 289, 365, and 742, which you can see is a redlink (such an article doesn't exist). Formatted as I indicated above, it would look like this: 905, 289, 365, and 742, which works properly. Mindmatrix
Also note that other changes, such as this one, were simply wrong, as 742 does not cover Hamilton. Mindmatrix
== WikiProject Canada 10,000 Challenge fifth anniversary ==
==DYK for A Song for Arbonne==
Cas Liber (talk · contribs)
==Speedy deletion nomination of 1924 establishments in Manitoba==
A tag has been placed on 1924 establishments in Manitoba indicating that it is currently empty, and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion. If it remains empty for seven days or more, it may be deleted under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion.
If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself. Liz Read! Talk!
== Board games ==
Hey there, thank you for your contributions in the board game area. :) If you were interested, I have been working on a massive project which does somewhat involve board games at BOZ/Games deletions#Board and miniatures games - I know that the majority of those articles are gone for good, but I'm sure there are some that should not have been deleted in case you see anything there that can be resurrected! :) BOZ (talk)
I took a quick peek at the list. Password and maybe Blitzkrieg merit an article, and perhaps a few others. I may take a crack at resurrecting Password at some point in the future, but most sources will be offline and more difficult to find. I'm currently reviewing various sources for potential new articles about games from the past 15-20 years. Mindmatrix
Sounds good - if you need me to restore any deleted articles to draft space, let me know! BOZ (talk)
: Thanks, but that's not needed - I've been an admin since 2005 so I can peruse deleted articles if necessary. However, I usually prefer starting articles from scratch. Mindmatrix
== Request for review ==
Hi there, I am writing you to ask whether you could help me with the review of the page European Partnership for Democracy, on which I've been working on so that it fits with the community standards. I would be grateful if your expertise could help me enhancing it again, if it needs to, or if you could validate the publication. Thank you in advance for your consideration.
Coffeebreak12 14:04, 17 November 2021 (CET)
I'm investing my time elsewhere on Wikipedia, but I will say that you should improve your referencing. Specifically, use citation templates (choose from the most appropriate from ), ensuring to include at a minimum the following: a URL (for online references), title, authorship info (use 'first' and 'last' fields), publisher, publication date, and access date. Otherwise, you have bare URLs that lead to link rot. See Citing sources for more details. You can see an example of how its done at Suburbia (board game), an article I recently created. Good luck! Mindmatrix
==DYK for Children of Earth and Sky==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
==DYK for A Brightness Long Ago==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
==DYK for Little Canada (attraction)==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
== ArbCom 2021 Elections voter message ==
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==DYK for Broom Service (board game)==
— Maile (talk)
==DYK for Patchwork (board game)==
— Amakuru (talk)
==DYK nomination of Photosynthesis (board game)==
Hello! Your submission of Photosynthesis (board game) at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and some issues with it may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) at your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! Dylan620 (talk)
==DYK nomination of Dragomino==
Hello! Your submission of Dragomino at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and some issues with it may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) at your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know!
You created a very good article, but can you suggest a more curiosity-provoking hook? HouseOfChange (talk)
==DYK for Sagrada (board game)==
— Amakuru (talk)
==DYK nomination of Isle of Skye: From Chieftain to King==
Hello! Your submission of From Chieftain to King at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and some issues with it may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) at your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! BlueMoonset (talk)
== DYK nomination for Cartographers (board game) ==
I completed a review at Did you know nominations/Cartographers (board game), and hope you could clarify something there. Thanks! Flibirigit (talk)
==DYK for Oceans (board game)==
— Maile (talk)
==DYK nomination of Isle of Skye: From Chieftain to King==
Hello! Your submission of From Chieftain to King at the Did You Know nominations page has been reviewed, and some issues with it may need to be clarified. Please review the comment(s) at your nomination's entry and respond there as soon as possible. Thank you for contributing to Did You Know! HouseOfChange (talk)
==DYK for Parks (board game)==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
== Administrators will no longer be autopatrolled ==
A recently closed Request for Comment (RFC) reached consensus to remove Autopatrolled from the administrator user group. You may, similarly as with Edit Filter Manager, choose to self-assign this permission to yourself. This will be implemented the week of December 13th, but if you wish to self-assign you may do so now. To find out when the change has gone live or if you have any questions please visit the Administrator's Noticeboard.
== Nomination of Munk School of Global Affairs for deletion ==
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Munk School of Global Affairs is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Munk School of Global Affairs until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.
Chess (talk) (please use  on reply)
== DYK for Suburbia (board game) ==
MANdARAX • XAЯAbИAM
==DYK for Great Western Trail (board game)==
— Amakuru (talk)
==DYK for Dragomino==
— Amakuru (talk)
== Invitation to take part in a survey about medical topics on Wikipedia ==
Dear fellow editor,
I am Piotr Konieczny, a sociologist of new media at Hanyang University (and Piotrus on Wikipedia). I would like to better understand Wikipedia's volunteers who edit medical topics, many associated with the WikiProject Medicine, and known to create some of the highest quality content on Wikipedia. I hope that the lessons I can learn from you that I will present to the academic audience will benefit both the WikiProject Medicine (improving your understanding of yourself and helping to promote it and attract new volunteers) and the wider world of medical volunteering and academia. Open access copy of the resulting research will be made available at WikiProject's Medicine upon the completion of the project.
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The survey is accessible through the LINK HERE.
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Hanyang University
If you wish to opt-out of future mailings, please remove yourself from the mailing list. MediaWiki message delivery (talk)
I do not fill out surveys on Google Docs or any other third-party system, as they inherently cannot assure my privacy. Mindmatrix
Of course, that's understandable. Although I believe doing so in the Chrome incognito mode should be pretty secure, and as far as I know the survey does not record any IP or such. You can also consider reading the survey and wiki-emailing me any thoughts or comments if you would like to share something this way. Again, I totally understand if you will chose not to participate, it's a voluntary activity and thank you for notifying me of your concerns. Cheers! Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here
==DYK for MicroMacro: Crime City==
— Maile (talk)
theleekycauldron (talk • contribs) (they/she)
==DYK for Cytosis (board game)==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
==DYK for Scanner Price Accuracy Code==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
==DYK for Photosynthesis (board game)==
— Amakuru (talk)
theleekycauldron (talk • contribs) (they/she)
==DYK for Isle of Skye: From Chieftain to King==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
==DYK for Downtown Eatery (1993) v. Ontario==
Cwmhiraeth (talk)
theleekycauldron (talk • contribs) (they/she)
==DYK for Bisciola==
Cas Liber (talk · contribs)
== Merchandise giveaway nomination ==
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) | 1,063,057,564 | 2021-12-31T23:50:21 | Mindmatrix/2021 | 2,021 |
5,399,431 | The Romance of Crime is an original novel written by Gareth Roberts and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Fourth Doctor, Romana II and K-9. It takes place directly before the Missing Adventure The English Way of Death, also by Roberts.
The title is a quotation from the Morrissey song "Sister I'm a Poet".
==Plot==
The TARDIS brings the Doctor, Romana and K-9 to the Rock of Judgement: a supreme prison built into a rocket-powered asteroid.
What is the link between the gallery of artist Menlove Stokes, and the massacre of a survey team on a far off planet? And why is Margo, Chief Of Security, behaving in such an odd manner?
== Audio adaptation ==
Big Finish Productions, an audio production company based in the UK, released an audio adaptation in January 2015, starring Tom Baker and Lalla Ward with John Leeson.
==References==
==External links==
The Romance of Crime at Big Finish
1995 British novels
1995 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Fourth Doctor novels
Novels by Gareth Roberts (writer) | 1,060,664,734 | 2021-12-16T22:32:05 | The Romance of Crime | 2,021 |
61,281,684 | ==Welcome==
Hi ! Welcome to our fantastic collaborative project, where editors build articles based upon reliable sources and help each other to make those articles full of great, neutral information.
I thought it might be helpful for your trip to have a place where you can ask questions along the way. There's a special place called the Teahouse, where you can ask any question you have about editing and get friendly help from trusted hosts. We'd like to have you as a guest. Drop by for a cup of tea anytime!
Teahouse
Great to have you on board!
Thanks so much for your friendly welcome WillKomen. I can't wait to start editing! Sparkle666 (talk) edit summery: Thank you, you're being really nice
Hey thanks for fixing up those typos ! I'm not too great with spelling so it's awesome to have you filling that gap. We all do what we're best at here, and it seems like you have some skills we can definitely use. I've added some more content to the article if you want to take a look. Cheers!
==A riddle==
I ponder a riddle for the few with clue, how do we know what on Wikipedia is true?
==Reliable sources==
Hi ! I put this information on the Earth article talk page. It's some sources I found. Which one should we use? I'm so glad you're still with me on this. We rock!
==Thanks! What now?==
Hey , it's me again. I flew around the world but now I'm back on Wikipedia. Thanks so much for adding the information to the article. What do we do now though? What if someone wants to check the source themselves, how will they know where to go?
==The answer to your question is within==
Wikipedia has our preferences, and number one is high quality references. Enjoy these intellectual libations, drink your knowledge from inline citations.
==Barnstar of Awesome== | 906,289,095 | 2019-07-14T22:16:54 | SparklingSoda/TWA | 2,021 |
5,399,433 | ==Recent edit to Gout==
Hello. Before making potentially controversial edits, it is recommended that you discuss them first on the article's talk page. Otherwise, people might consider your edits to be vandalism. Thank you. --Crossmr | 56,846,168 | 2006-06-04T16:55:51 | 69.216.162.57 | 2,021 |
533,325 | ==A note==
Type species is a bit in a large article that also and also and also discusses. I think it would be a better idea to split up that article to discuss the holotypes et al and seperatie the type species bit out of there. GerardM
== Clarity ==
This article does a pretty poor job of explaining that a type species is just a species of name foo bar, where foo = bar, and that that's really all there is to it. (And if that's not the case, well then it does a *really* poor job of it, but that's what I was able to glean from the link to the article on the sunfish node.)
Maybe it would help if you expressed yourself more clearly ?
I agree that the definition is not sufficiently clear for someone not especially familiar with biological taxonomies. I came here from the article on smallmouth bass because I was curious about what a "type species" is, so I followed the link. If I am reading the quoted definition correctly, a type species is the species in a genus (or other category) that the genus name is attached to. This means if, for example, scientists discovered through genome analysis that smallmouth bass and largemouth bass are not genetically closely related, smallmouth bass would keep the genus name Micropterus whereas largemouth bass would be branched off into its own genus or moved into an existing one. Articles like this one are what they are referring to in the Slashdot article Does Wikipedia Suck on Science Stories?.
I don't think it's the case that type species means foo=bar; eg Tyrannosaurus rex is a type species. ErikHaugen (talk)
Not being a biologist, I have no idea what anything in this article means. It was linked from this sentence in Passerine: "The names "passerines" and "Passeriformes" are derived from Passer domesticus, the scientific name of the type species – the House Sparrow..."
== Examples ==
This article could benefit from a few example of type species species. For example, Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) and Spectral Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier).
Surikell (talk)
I couldn't agree more, I think much of the confusion arises from the lack of examples. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.142.224.132 (talk)
And maybe pointing out for us non-specialists that it is talking about those species whose two-part names are made up of the same Latin word twice. (If I understand the article correctly.)
Agreed, more examples would help a lot.
And maybe the first instance where this word/concept was developed would additionally provide more history.
—DIV (120.17.190.46 (talk) )
By the way, the interpretation you came up with — which is probably what I would have arrived at from reading this article — is apparently wrong, based on the fact(?) mentioned in the Giraffe article that Giraffa camelopardalis is "the type species".
—DIV (120.17.190.46 (talk) )
== Trying to make it clearer ==
I had a go at fixing it up a bit, including giving one example. Currently the section within the article Type (biology)#Types in zoology gives a clearer explanation of Type species than this article does. Invertzoo (talk)
== Taxonomy diagramme ==
The diagramme is 'explained' as "Diagrammatic representation of different nomenclatural interpretations for species. Each taxonomist has a different view for genus attribution, but the reference on type species is preserved, and ensures precise communication."
So I'm told that, "the reference on type species is preserved", but how could I know this from the diagramme???
Better would be: "the reference on type species is preserved, as shown by .........".
—DIV (120.17.190.46 (talk) )
Agree that the diagram did not add to, but rather cluttered the page. I've removed it. Sminthopsis84 (talk)
== Monacha example ==
It seems like this is a misleading example since M. cartusiana was described in Helix. This makes this make the type species Helix cartusiana, no? Umimmak (talk)
Well, it's still the species that contains the name-bearing type, but the ICZN is clear that type species should be cited under their original names, so this needs to be fixed, which I will. Peter coxhead (talk)
Thanks! I wasn't sure whether it was more accurate to say something along the lines of of "type species is , cited as " or something like "the type species is , now known as ". Umimmak (talk) | 1,034,204,866 | 2021-07-18T13:43:30 | Type species | 2,021 |
11,337,632 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was NO CONSENSUS TO DELETE. Herostratus
===List of Pokémon (1-20)===
– (View AfD)(View log)
This page is pointless. There's no need for a small synopsis when one can be found on every Pokémon's respective page. Cipher (Talk to the hand)
Delete Suggest creation of a new category which will dynamically list each entry. That way, the notable subjects (with their respective articles) will be included in a single directory. This will also spare all the extra effort that might be spent on maintaining this list.
Conditional keep per related AfD Articles for deletion/Porygon evolutionary line. The Pokemon wikiproject seems to be in the midst of a large merger project involving these articles, and given the scope of the effort I am willing to allow them some time to complete the merge. Suggest revisiting this issue after a month or so to check for progress, and if its still in a poor state, relist here at AfD. Arkyan • (talk)
Keep See my reasoning at Articles for deletion/Porygon evolutionary line - it also applies here. -Jeske (v^_^v)
Speedy keep Nominator's reasons seem to ignore the past discussion that went on at the last AFD. This is a merge in progress, the duplicated information will eventually be deleted and redirected. For more info, please see PCP/Layout. -ΖαππερΝαππερ BabelAlexandria
Speedy keep. Another user had complained about the split of the larger article in to these articles during the first AfD back in April (which is, evidently, a merge in progress at this time). My opinion hasn't changed - the attempt to delete these reeks of a POINT to me, since consensus on the Pokemon project page seems to have stated that this should be done.
Speedy keep per the tiger above. This is a merge in progress here. Give it some time to finish merging, and then wait for the redundant info to disappear. If the redundant info's still around a month or so from now, then AfD it. Ten Pound Hammer • (((Broken clamshells • Otter chirps)))
Delete I am against the PROPOSED merger, since it doesn't solve the "problem" that resulted in the merger idea (lack of RS). TJ Spyke
Speedy keep per above. Merger in progress. If nominator opposes merger, discussion at POKE is the more appropriate venue. hbdragon88
Speedy keep: Merging in progress. Stop trying to prevent it with faulty nominations. We've made consensus, it's over. They're being merged.
Comment: I should notify everyone that using the series of descriptive, supplemental List pages of which this page is a part of may not be the only way to cover the many Pokemon species that don't have evolutionary relatives (which is actually the purpose of this page; to fill in the gaps left behind by merging Pokemon into evolutionary line pages like Porygon evolutionary line). I have proposed what could be a viable alternative to this series of pages at WikiProject_Pok%C3%A9mon/Layout#About_those_Pokemon_that_don.27t_evolve...; everyone may want to hold a discussion over there about that. If that plan gets consensus, I will support deleting this page. Erik Jensen (Appreciate|Laugh At)
Delete If it ain't broken, don't fix it.—Ryūlóng (竜龍)
It is broken, at least read the backstory or even this page. The majority of Pokemon articles are being merged into evolutionary lines. However, because some do not have evolutionary lines, they would need their own article. The problem with this is that those articles most definitely fail VERIFIABILITY, NOTABILITY and NOR. Solution? These articles. We are fixing it, and as I've shown, the thing is fucked. :)
Speedy keep. The articles are not redundant, because they are a part of a merge process that would seek to make the articles not redundant. No point in deleting. - A Link to the Past (talk)
Comment: I heavily doubt that anyone here voting "Delete" (including the nominator and excepting Ryulong and TJ Spyke) has read any of the debates over at WikiProject Pokémon or WikiProject Pokémon/Layout. -Jeske (v^_^v)
Strong delete I find listing rediculous. There shouldn't be little details, and three links leading to the same article. I agree with the merging, but I still disagree with this. It should be on some list, but this isn't right list. This isn't a main article. Most lists have less detailed info anyway. TheBlazikenMaster
The article can easily change to be more in-depth. This will happen when they are actually merged. The fact that you voted "strong delete" is pretty ridiculous.
Delete - I'll call this one saying that this is unencyclopedic. There is no need to split "1-20", "21-40", and so on when List of Pokémon do just fine. Furthermore, the format of these articles seem to be more like "articles for naviational purposes" rather than true encyclopedia articles, making this redundant (if the information is in here, it would be better in List of Pokémon. I also question whether the consensus to proceed with the merge even exists if there is so much opposition to it, but that's not of the concern of this nomination. kelvSYC
Comment: I find myself inclined to agree here because this is a duplication of information that is meant to provide places where Pokemon that don't evolve, such as Farfetch'd, the space to get their due coverage; it would be at List of Pokemon (81-100) that one section would be much more comprehensive than others, and not have a Main Article link, and that's Farfetch'd's section. This was 's plan for dealing with Pokemon that don't evolve and therefore can't be merged into each other; I believe I have thought up a better alternative to this list page for covering unevolving Pokemon, and it's detailed here, which is a way to merge unevolving Pokemon together more directly without the need for list pages like this. I wonder if that would get more consensus as a component of the merge plan than these supplemental list pages. Erik Jensen (Appreciate|Laugh At)
Delete There are so many websites on Pokemon characters. It's just not wikipedia material. I understand we're different from Britannica, but no. Too open. Feydakin
Comment Your reasoning also applies to Dungeons & Dragons, Naruto, Harry Potter, etc. The fact that there are other websites has little-to-no bearing on Wikipedia - in fact, read through Pokémon Collaborative Project/Archive 14#We're in trouble. -Jeske (v^_^v)
This article is actually in favor of you. It helps us to cut down the number of Pokemon articles by merging them here. You've also made little basis in terms of policies and guidelines, simply said "It's not Wikipedia material".
Speedy delete Give each Pokemon its own page, or there is little point. Pokemon like Pikachu and Meowth are well known and so there is a lot of information on them. It seems consistent to keep pages for all other Pokemon too.
Consensus is that Pikachu and Mewtwo are the exception, not the rule. Meowth is already detailed with the rest of Team Rocket. -Jeske (v^_^v)
First off, notability, not popularity. Secondly, saying that every Pokemon should have an article if two others do is illogical. They all have different notability levels. Pikachu, for example, is well documented, but Vileplume is unheard of.
I was just naming two for examples. And Meowth the character has been documented on the Team Rocket page, but not the Pokemon. Michaelritchie200
Keep Per comments above, and per original nomination. Don't keep nominating this just to make a point. Pokemon articles are here to stay. G1ggy!
Delete... we've long since passed the point where 6000 pokemon articles is considered acceptable... thats why there is such a thing as Wikia ... make a freaking pokemon wikia, fill it to the brim with the sort of random cruft we have here. There is 0, absolutely no reason this encyclopedia needs an article for each and every single pokemon, each game, lists of who what when where was released... we certainly dont need multiple lists of said data. ALKIVAR™ ☢
Please understand, these articles are for cutting down the amount of Pokemon articles. They are placed to merge the main Pokemon articles to. So basically 500 articles will cut down to 200 or something. I agree with you, but I'm disappointed in the fact you didn't read anything other than the nomination text.
I still say Delete, but one more thing - every single Digimon has its own page too. Are they to be cut down as well? Michaelritchie200
Yes, they should be. But don't start pulling a OTHERCRAPEXISTS on me.
The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 134,046,090 | 2007-05-28T09:59:55 | Articles for deletion/List of Pokémon (1-20) (2nd nomination) | 2,021 |
61,281,690 | Erzaldi Rosman Djohan (born 31 October 1969) is an Indonesian politician who has served as the Governor of Bangka-Belitung Islands since 2017. Prior to becoming governor, he was elected two times as the regent of Central Bangka Regency.
==Early life and education==
Djohan was born on 31 October 1969 in Pangkal Pinang (then part of South Sumatra province) from Rosman Djohan and Melati. He completed his high school education in Pangkal Pinang, before moving to Jakarta, earning a diploma in 1994 from Tarumanegara University. Later, he also obtained a bachelors and masters from an economics institute.
==Career==
Before entering politics, Djohan worked at several companies, including a property company between 1999 and 2005. In 2004, he was elected to Bangka-Belitung's Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) as part of Golkar, though he only held the seat until 2005 when he was elected as Central Bangka's vice-regent. In 2010, he was elected regent, and was elected for his second term in 2015 with 57.1% of votes. His first term expired on 24 September 2015, before he was sworn in for a second term on 17 February 2016.
Djohan declared his candidacy for the governorship of the province in August 2016. By then, he had moved to Gerindra, and became the chairman of its provincial branch. In the following 2017 gubernatorial election, Djohan won 38.9% (213,442) of votes in a four-way election, defeating incumbent governor Rustam Effendi.
===Governorship===
On 12 May 2017, Djohan was sworn in as governor. Months after his inauguration, Djohan declared a moratorium on issuing new tin mining licenses in the province, intended to tackle illegal mining on the island and allow the provincial government to develop new regulations on ecologically friendly mining practices. He noted his intentions in an interview with Jakarta Globe to move away from tin mining, and develop tourism and metallurgical industries such as thorium extraction.
Alongside South Sumatra governor Herman Deru, Djohan has supported a bridge spanning the Bangka Strait, connecting Bangka Island with mainland Sumatra.
==References==
1969 births
People from Pangkal Pinang
Governors of the Bangka Belitung Islands
Mayors and regents of places in the Bangka Belitung Islands
Great Indonesia Movement Party politicians
Golkar politicians
Members of Indonesian provincial assemblies
Living people
Tarumanagara University alumni
Regents of places in Indonesia | 1,009,539,639 | 2021-03-01T02:47:08 | Erzaldi Rosman Djohan | 2,021 |
29,047,238 | ===What Wikipedia Is (Not)===
Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. Wikipedia is also a community. For most people – and especially for readers of the Signpost – these two banal facts hardly seem worth noting. The current trend in Wikipedia commentary is to show how it is more than an encyclopedia: how it is, at its core, paradigmatic of a radically new way of thinking, learning, knowing, organizing, and collaborating in our brave new digital age. We are constantly told that the success of Wikipedia has significant lessons for business, government, journalism, academia, the Internet, and practically every other institution in contemporary society. Amongst all of these attempts to package up and export some kind of universal “wiki way,” Joseph Reagle’s book Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia is a refreshing look at what Wikipedia means to Wikipedians.
This focus stems from the fact that Good Faith Collaboration is an ethnography, an anthropological style in which the researcher attempts to capture the spirit of a people in writing. Whether one travels to Papua New Guinea or an online community, the goal of any ethnography is to relate their ethos to the rest of the world. It is to give people who have never set foot on an island in the South Pacific or edited a single Wikipedia article an idea of how those people live, where they came from, what they care about, and why they do what they do. And like Margaret Mead or Bronisław Malinowski, Joseph Reagle spent years with this odd tribe of Wikipedians, becoming an editor (Reagle), attending meetups, and trawling through mountains of archived talk pages and mailing lists. It is perhaps because of this extended participant-observation that Good Faith Collaboration goes well beyond most accounts written about Wikipedia, insisting on studying Wikipedians both on and in their own terms.
Some of these terms are the obvious ones, like the various strings of acronyms in policies or the odd way in which 'consensus' can mean anything between 51% approval and total unanimity. However, they also include more subtle ways of analyzing what Wikipedians care about and how the community comes to define itself. For example, some readers may be amused to see various well-known 'laws' of Wikipedian behavior at the beginning of each chapter, from "Show me an admin who has never been called a Nazi and I'll show you an admin who is not doing their job" to "Problematic users will drive good users away from Wikipedia far more often than good users will drive away problematic ones." As an ethnographer, Reagle does not take these laws to be true or false social science facts and is not that interested in proving or disproving them. They are instead windows into the world of Wikipedian culture, "a salient example of the community trying to understand itself and its circumstances."
===Good faith, bad faith===
It is his emphasis on studying Wikipedians for their own sake that leads him to focus on the encyclopedic nature of Wikipedia, an aspect that is often passed over by social scientists who describe generalizable community dynamics or organizational principles. As such, the first chapter after the introduction is not about barnstars and Requests for Adminship, but encyclopedic communities from the 18th century Encyclopedie to Project Gutenberg and Nupedia. True to anthropological form, Reagle does not make the move of a historian and argue for himself that Wikipedia is the intellectual successor of these works. Instead, he shows how Wikipedians see their project much in the same way as Denis Diderot and Paul Otlet saw their reference works. In particular, he shows how a certain Enlightenment-era ideal of free knowledge is one of the community's driving concerns – and has also been the source of its most prominent forks.
At the core of these concerns, Reagle argues, is how to put into practice the lofty ideals of collaboration, which are best summarized in the demand for Wikipedians to assume good faith of each other. Yet the encyclopedic mission of Wikipedia makes the community of a different kind than those based around discussing politics or authoring fan fiction. Many communities have norms such as assume good faith, but Reagle sees this as an essential aspect of the Wikipedian community, as it integrates with other standards of knowledge and authorship. In chapter three, he shows how social policies and encyclopedic standards are linked: while it is easy to see Neutral Point of View as a purely encyclopedic standard, Reagle shows how it functions with the good faith mindset. As he argues, "NPOV renders the subject matter of a collaborative encyclopedia compatible, good faith makes it possible to work together."
Subsequent chapters on openness, collaboration, and leadership continue with this theme, showing how each aspect of the community's norms relies on assuming a kind of good faith through discussions, policies, and case studies. However, readers wishing to learn whether Wikipedians "actually" assume good faith with each other or whether Wikipedia "really" is an open community may be disappointed by his anthropological perspective. When Reagle discusses Wikipedia as an open community, he is not speaking of participation metrics or exclusion rates. He locates the community's openness in a set of values that Wikipedians hold about themselves and each other – values that sometimes come into contention or contradiction with each other. Similarly, Reagle's analysis of the notorious “anyone can edit” slogan goes beyond the "can anybody really edit" discussions and shows how controversies over this definition reveal a complicated set of priorities that the community works to balance.
===Encyclopedic anxiety===
The seventh chapter, "Encyclopedic anxiety", examines Wikipedia's relationship with the rest of the world, looking at critics and supporters and the issues they debate in the public sphere. Like with Wikipedia's internal controversies, Reagle does not take much of a stance on who is right and who is wrong, instead analyzing what these kinds of discussions reveal about us as a society. In an interesting historical section, he gives a number of cases arguing that public controversies over reference works are often reflective of a broader cultural concern.
From dictionaries that began including the colloquial words of common folk and encyclopedias with "family-unfriendly" articles, reference works have been the subject of great debate for centuries. And as Reagle argues in the case of a dictionary that was published in the 1960s, "critics were alarmed at the social change occurring around them and attacked Webster's Third as an exemplar and proxy" (p. 140). He concludes by arguing that, in much the same way, many of the controversies directed towards Wikipedia are emblematic of larger social changes, some created by Wikipedia, and others merely associated with it.
===Researching a reflective community===
In all, Reagle's ethnographic perspective is both the book's greatest strength and greatest limitation. He tends to focus on the mainstream elements of Wikipedian culture, offering a general description of what a good portion of the community believes about who they are and how they ought to act. It is precisely because of this that most Signpost-reading Wikipedians will find nothing too controversial or radically new. Most will probably agree with SJ's review: it is well-written, well-sourced, and neutral; something I'd recommend for my mother. For an ethnographer, this is the highest praise one can give, as it means that the book captures the spirit of the people so well that most parts seem obvious, even boring at times.
However, Good Faith Collaboration isn't just about Wikipedia's culture – it is quickly becoming part of Wikipedia's culture. The book has won accolades from a who's who of people in and around Wikipedia, including Lawrence Lessig, Clay Shirky, and Jonathan Zittrain, and will likely have profound influence on how academics, cultural critics, and journalists imagine Wikipedia. That alone makes the book worth reading, but I also suspect that Good Faith Collaboration will have a powerful impact on how the community sees itself. Wikipedians are highly reflective, as Reagle notes, and I have no doubt his analysis will be endlessly debated and interpreted in discussions at all levels of the community.
This has already begun with Sue Gardner's praise for the book, and in particular Reagle's analysis of how conflict resolution in Wikipedia is similar to that in Quaker communities. As she describes in multiple blog posts, Gardner was so inspired by this that she read about a dozen works on the Quakers and then went to visit a Quaker community to learn about how they resolve conflict. Because of her enthusiasm, I expect the Quakers to become a familiar example, even among Wikipedians who don't read Reagle's book, and would not be surprised to see the analogy invoked on both sides of a debate in the near future. I only wonder what other sentiments are hidden in the book.
===References===
04 Book
20101004 | 671,139,923 | 2015-07-12T18:31:49 | Wikipedia Signpost/2010-10-04/Book review | 2,021 |
66,257,352 | ==GA Review==
This review is transcluded from I Love You (2NE1 song)/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Reviewer: K. Peake (talk · contribs)
My second time reviewing an article for you; happy New Year!
===Infobox and lead===
Remove venue parameter because that is for live recordings only
Replace hlist with bullet points per Infobox song
A number of the genres listed are not sourced anywhere in the body
"South Korean girl group 2NE1." → "South Korean girl group 2NE1 from the Japanese edition of their third and final studio album, Crush (2014)." for proper context and the edition part makes it clear it is the Japanese version included on the release
"The original Korean version was released" → "The Korean version was released"
"digital download and streaming on July 5, 2012 by" → "digital download and streaming as a single on July 5, 2012, through" with the targets and changing to "through" to avoid repetitive wording
"of the track" → "of the song"
"The track was written," → "The song was written," but there is a rule that anything written in the lead needs to also be written in the body, so the composition and arrangement parts need to be written in prose there despite already being sourced from personnel
"with additional composition by" → "with additional composition from"
"Musically, "I Love You" incorporates elements of" → ""I Love You" incorporates elements of" since "musically" is a term that is appropriate for usage in the body, not lead; however, dance-pop is not sourced anywhere in the body
"generally positive reviews from critics," → "generally positive reviews from music critics,"
"The single ranked as the best" → "The song was ranked as the best"
Popjustice should not be italicised and remove the Billboard ranking since there's only two cited in the article, so they shouldn't both be mentioned in the lead
"and became the group's sixth number-one single. It went on" → "and becoming the group's sixth number one single. "I Love You" went on"
"by the end of year, making it one of the best-selling singles in the country in 2012." → "by the end of 2012, making it one of the best-selling singles of 2012 in South Korea."
Target Billboard to Billboard (magazine)
"marking the group's first" → "marking 2NE1's first"
"the song peaked at number 5" → "the song peaked at number five" per NUM
Mention the music video after the commercial performance here, before ending this para with a mention of a live performance (maybe during the tour if that is the most notable... you are the expert on this article's subject so you will be better to decide?)
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Background and release===
"that 2NE1 will make a comeback" → "that 2NE1 would make a comeback"
"new single titled "I Love You"" → "new single entitled "I Love You"" with the target
Target Korean-language to Korean language
None of the sentences in the section's opening para apart from the above one and the music video one are backed up by the sources; make sure to fix this
"member Dara posted" → "group member Dara posted"
"what they have done" → "what they had done"
"suggested that it will be a genre at all ages" → "suggested for it to be a genre all ages"
"simultaneously with its..." replace this with "as a single." to finish the sentence, plus remove all of the music video info from here and move the streaming charts info to the music video section
"premiered digitally on August 29" → "premiered digitally on August 29, 2012"
"as the group's third official Japanese single" → "as the group's third Japanese single" with the target
"on September 19 through" → "on September 19, through"
Target CD to Compact disc
Wikilink DVD
"The Japanese version of the song was later included in the Japanese edition of the group's second studio album titled" → ""I Love You" was later included on the Japanese edition of 2NE1's second studio album" because this para is entirely about the Japanese version and the edition part makes it especially obvious, though writing "Japanese version" again is overkill
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Composition===
Retitle to Composition and lyrics
Add more info for the text of the audio sample
The first two sentences should be in the opening section instead
"who had worked on many of" → "who had worked on much of"
"and has a runtime of 3:57." → "and has a length of 3:57."
"Musically, the song combines" → "Musically, "I Love You" combines" and this should be the first sentence of the section instead
"Eurodance and traditional" → "Eurodance, and traditional"
"contrasting the styles" → "contrasting with the styles"
Are you sure there's no info about the chorus to add?
Wikilink press release
Target hip-hop to Hip hop music
Target R&B to Contemporary R&B
"trot instrumentals in the song" → "trot instrumentation in the song"
"throughout the 20th century." → "throughout the 2000s."
"has been described as an confession song," → "is a confession song,"
"with the members' singing:" → "the members sing:"
"faith like this"." → "faith like this."" since that is a full quote
Target rock to Rock music
Target acoustic to Acoustic music
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Reception===
Rather than having the domestic and international reception sub-sections, set the critical reception as the first para and follow it with the commercial reception paras, though the reception in South Korea will be the first commercial para in this order
"South Korean daily charts including Melon and Mnet and" → "South Korean daily charts, including Melon and Mnet, and"
"debuted at number 2" → "debuted at number two"
"dropped to number 3 on the chart," → "descended to number 3,"
"the best-selling song of the month." → "the best-selling song of July 2012."
"and ranked number six" → "and ranked at number six"
Wikilink Kesha and David Guetta on the img text
"received generally positive reviews" → "was met with generally positive reviews"
Remove "internationally" term because there are not separate reviews from South Korean sources
Remove "the American music magazine" and any other introductions to publications
Target pop to Pop music
"and compared the production similar to that" → "and compared the production to that"
The synths comparison can stay here, but why have you not mentioning the song as including synths anywhere in the comp section?
"to that of" → "to those of"
Popjustice should not be italicised
"ranked the song" → "ranked the song as"
"cavalcade of amazingness."" → "cavalcade of amazingness"."
"as one of their finest works and" → "as one of 2NE1's finest works, and"
"Commercially, "I Love You" peaked at" → ""I Love You" peaked at"
Copies sold in the US is unsourced
Wikilink airplay
"the song peaked at number 5" → "the song peaked at number five"
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
====Accolades====
There is no need for tables when only one or two accolades exist; the Popjustice and Billboard decade-end list are written out in prose in the reception section, so the other Billboard ranking should be as well. Also, retitle this to Awards because only they will be left and make it a sub-section.
Centre the table's refs
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Music video and promotion===
"for the music video" → "for the song's music video" with the wikilink
"on July 1, which composed" → "on July 1, 2012, which composed of"
"on July 2 and 3 respectively." → "on July 2 and 3, respectively."
"On July 4, a 25-second" → "On July 4, 2012, a 25-second"
"and showcased the song's" → "as well as showcasing the song's"
"The official music video was then released" → "The music video was then released"
"within 17 hours after release." → "within 17 hours of being released."
"on July 10 and was recorded by" → "on July 10, 2012, which was recorded by"
Target SBS to Seoul Broadcasting System
Wikilink Inkigayo
"The group was supposed to perform the song on" → "The group were supposed to perform the song for"
"on July 12 but it was later" → "on July 12, 2012, but the performance was later"
"the group kicked off their first worldwide concert tour titled" → "2NE1 kicked off their first worldwide concert tour entitled"
"and was considered to be" → "which was considered to be"
"The tour saw" → "The tour span"
"previous works since debut." → "previous works since their debut."
"on September 19," → "on September 19, 2012,"
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Track listing===
Target Digital download to Music download
Remove wikilink on Philippines
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Credits and personnel===
Target Melon to Melon (online music service)
Use so there is the right space between credits and personnel
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Charts===
====Korean version====
Year is missing in brackets for the weekly charts table
Make the first table sortable
Year-end chart performance for "I Love You" → 2012 year-end chart performance for "I Love You"
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
====Japanese version====
Good
===Release history===
Format → Format(s)
Worldwide → Various
Refs should be centered
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===References===
Copyvio score looks very good at 18.7%
Make sure all of these are archived by using the tool
Apple Music → Apple Music (JP) on ref 4
Language parameter is missing for ref 6
Cite Nate as publisher instead for refs 8, 14, 15, 33 and 38
Cite The Chosun Ilbo as work/website instead for ref 10
Target Gaon Chart to Gaon Music Chart on ref 16
Cite lastname followed by first and middle name in firstname parameter for ref 19, plus cite Spin as work/website with the target
Retitle ref 20 to the actual title and cite Rolling Stone Japan as work/website with the target
Cite Popjustice as publisher instead for ref 21
Ref 29 archive is blacklisted by my laptop's security; are you sure you shouldn't add a different one instead? Plus, only cite a work/website or publisher, not both.
Ref 32 should have a title that shows it has various citations, like "Citations regarding the teasers for the music video:"
→ The Chosun Ilbo on ref 36
Cite Billboard as work/website instead for ref 42
Cite Oricon as publisher instead for ref 45, removing the other publisher
iTunes Store (US). Apple Inc → Apple Music (US) on ref 46
iTunes Store (JP). Apple Inc → Apple Music (JP) on ref 47
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===External links===
Useless section because this video is in the infobox
ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
===Final comments and verdict===
after reviewing over the course of the day; happy new year and good luck with the fixes!
Ok I think that addresses everything, please let me know if there is something that I missed. ɴᴋᴏɴ21 ❯❯❯ talk
There were only a few things left to fix, but I did them anyway since they were minor and a number were ones for which new text had been added since I started the review. now, another great job on this article like last time! --K. Peake | 1,001,724,188 | 2021-01-21T01:09:16 | I Love You (2NE1 song)/GA1 | 2,021 |
66,257,353 | 997,636,439 | 2021-01-01T14:37:56 | Wolfgang Golther | 2,021 | |
66,257,354 | 997,618,428 | 2021-01-01T12:18:51 | Tusanatomihazirlik | 2,021 | |
11,337,633 | ==Warnings==
Note: Always remember to substitute user warning templates. For help on user warnings, see the WikiProject on User Warnings.
/ Info: contribs | interiot's tool | | | ]
===May 2007===
Welcome to Wikipedia. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia. However, the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. -- wrp103 (Bill Pringle) (Talk) | 132,433,177 | 2007-05-21T13:24:14 | 70.245.178.212 | 2,021 |
61,281,701 | 1,054,835,362 | 2021-11-12T10:09:57 | Erzaldi Rosman Djohan | 2,021 | |
830,074 | The Batang Kali massacre was the killing of 24 unarmed villagers by British troops of the Scots Guards on 12 December 1948 during the Malayan Emergency. The incident occurred during counter-insurgency operations against Malay and Chinese communists of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) in Malaya – then a colony of the British Crown. It was described as "Britain's My Lai" in Christopher Hale's Massacre in Malaya: exposing Britain's My Lai. It is notable as seemingly the only massacre perpetrated by British forces during the war, though some other individual killings of civilians did occur; even MNLA propaganda did not mention other massacres, while Balang Kali appeared heavily in propaganda.
Despite several investigations by the British government since the 1950s, and a re-examination of the evidence by the Royal Malaysia Police between 1993 and 1997, no charges were brought against any of the alleged perpetrators.
==Background==
After World War II, the British returned to Malaya to recover control from Japanese military forces. During the war the British government had supported the guerrillas who continued to fight against the Japanese forces. However, following VJ Day in August 1945, many resistance units did not completely disband. The groups instead became the foundation for the independence movement against British rule in Malaya. Some guerrillas turned from agitation to communism and began targeting British commercial interests in the colony by attacking rubber plantations and tin mines. By June 1948, escalating violence and the assassinations of several prominent British landowners led colonial authorities in Malaya to declare an "Emergency".
That gave the Royal Malaysia Police and government greater powers and flexibility in combating the insurgents. Although the British had extensive experience in jungle warfare, most recently in the Burma Campaign during World War II, military leaders had not formalized their experience into a specific jungle warfare curriculum.
Training on soldiers' obligations under international law was minimal where it was not non-existent. Basic training for the troops focused on infantry skills, not their ability to judge the appropriateness of orders in the context of international law. The specific jungle warfare training included shooting exercises where soldiers had to quickly distinguish between "enemy" and "friendly" targets, but otherwise continued the focus on infantry skills. Michael Gilbert, a member of the Suffolk Regiment, said that his training " teaching you how to march, how to handle a rifle, and how to behave in a soldierly manner." Raymond Burdett, another member of the Suffolk Regiment, reflected on his experience and said that the trainers sought "to get us to follow instructions, not to question commands."
The quality of officers in the Scots Guards at the time was poor, with high turnover, and some platoon commanders resented being sent to fight a colonial war when they had been trained to fight a war in Europe. The patrol that committed the massacre was lead by two sergeants, one with little experience; this was deemed highly unusual by its soldiers. Further, the regimental culture of the Scots Guards looked down on patrols, and the regiment's record of successes against the MNLA was poor before the massacre.
==Killings==
In December 1948, 7th Platoon, G Company, 2nd Scots Guards, surrounded a rubber plantation at Sungai Rimoh near Batang Kali in Selangor. The civilians were then rounded up by the British soldiers. The men were separated from the women and children for interrogation. A total 24 unarmed men from the village were killed by automatic weapons fire. The only adult male survivor was a man named Chong Hong, who was in his twenties. He fainted and was presumed dead. Other eyewitnesses included the victims' spouses and children, such as Tham Yong, who was 17, and Loh Ah Choy, who was about seven.
== Legacy of the massacre ==
After the massacre, British diplomats introduced Regulation 27A, which authorised "the use of lethal weapons" to "prevent escape from arrest", in an attempt to retrospectively legalise the Scots Guard's massacre of civilians. This new regulation was uncovered within secret documents which had been hidden from public view at Hanslope Park by the Foreign Office, and was known as "Regulation 27A". The UK Foreign Office and various UK governments attempted to hide the existence of the massacre by intervening to block investigations into the Batang Kali Massacre.
==Subsequent developments==
In 1970 the British Sunday newspaper The People published testimonies by members of the platoon that a massacre had occurred. In response the government referred the matter to the Department of Public Prosecutions, but the investigation was terminated shortly after only a few months due, according to the Director of Public Prosecutions, to a lack of documentation and the difficulty of verifying testimony about an event that had occurred twenty years prior.
On 9 September 1992, a BBC documentary, an investigative report into the massacre, "In Cold Blood", was aired in the United Kingdom and revealed fresh evidence. The documentary included accounts from witnesses and survivors, including confessions of an ex-Scots Guards soldier and interviews with the Scotland Yard police officers who had investigated the case.
On 8 June 1993, with the help of the MCA Legal Bureau, a petition was presented to Queen Elizabeth II asking that justice be done. On 14 July 1993 a police report was lodged by three survivors, accompanied by the MCA Public Service and Complaints Bureau Chief Michael Chong. On 18 September 1993, however, Gavin Hewitt (Head of South East Asia Department of the Foreign Office, UK) stated, "No new evidence has been uncovered by the British authorities to warrant the setting up of another official inquiry into the alleged massacre of 24 villagers in Batang Kali...".
On 30 December 1997, an investigation report was submitted to the Royal Malaysian Police Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah Bukit Aman. The case was closed on the grounds of insufficient evidence for prosecution.
On 13 July 2004, the DAP, a Malaysian political party, raised the Batang Kali massacre in the Malaysian Parliament.
On 25 March 2008, the family members of the massacre victims and several NGOs formed an Action Committee Condemning the Batang Kali Massacre and submitted a petition to the British High Commission in Malaysia. The petition seeks official apology, compensation for the family members of the 24 massacre victims and financial contribution towards the educational and cultural development of the Ulu Yam community.
On 30 January 2009, the Foreign Office in Britain rejected a call for an inquiry into the massacre of villagers. On 24 April 2009, the British government announced that it was reconsidering this decision.
On 30 April 2009, The Independent reported that the British government had agreed to reinvestigate the massacre.
In January 2012, lawyers for the victims and their families were given Foreign Office correspondence and Cabinet Office guidance relating to the incident.
==Judicial review==
Malaysian victims unsuccessfully petitioned Queen Elizabeth II personally to reopen an inquiry into the massacre in 1993 and in 2004. They tried again in 2008 and failed to receive a reply from the British government until 2011, when the High Court agreed to review the case.
Survivors of the Batang Kali Massacre and relatives of civilians executed by the Scots Guards started a legal battle in 2012 with against the British government over the killings. Although many of the Scots Guards who had committed the massacre were still alive, the families and survivors did not seek criminal prosecutions against individual soldiers.
One of the relatives of the victims who shared her eyewitness account was Lim Ah Yin, whose 11th birthday happened on the same day as the massacre. Her father was one of the civilians executed by the Scots Guards, and she noted that the last time she saw her father was when a Scots Guard was pointing a rifle at him and telling him to shut up. A week after the Scots Guards had shot her father dead, both she and her heavily pregnant mother were made to clean up his corpse which was bloated and covered in flies.“The bodies were covered in flies. They were bloated and swollen, lying in groups of three or four. Finally I found my father. He had been shot in the chest. That day, December 12th, had been my birthday. My mother cried almost every day. She brought me and my sister up. When the baby was born she gave it away for adoption. She only stopped crying when I married and her granddaughter was born. She was 92 when she died."British courts ruled that although the Scots Guards had massacred innocent civilians and that this was possibly a war crime committed by the British Army, they also ruled that the government was not obliged to hold a public inquiry because the massacre happened too long ago, and that due to a legal technicality nobody could be held legally responsible. This ruling was condemned by various human rights organisations and legal experts who argued that such a decision could be used to justify many historic instances of war crimes committed by the British military.
In May 2012 the judicial review on the British government's position was held at the High Court of Justice in London. On 4 September 2012, the High Court's judges in London upheld a government decision not to hold a public hearing into the killing. It also ruled that Britain was responsible for the killing in Batang Kali. In its written judgement, it said, "There is evidence that supports a deliberate execution of the 24 civilians at Batang Kali."
In March 2014, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales announced it would make a ruling on whether a public enquiry will be held into the killings. The move was welcomed by families of the plantation workers who had died at Batang Kali. The British government had rejected calls for a public hearing, a decision that was upheld by the High Court in September 2012.
In November 2015, the United Kingdom Supreme Court ruled that the British government was not obliged to hold a public inquiry into the 1940s killing of 24 Malayan villagers by a British army patrol even though it may have been a war crime because the atrocity had occurred too long ago. An appeal to the European Court of Human Rights failed when the case was ruled inadmissible on essentially the same grounds in October 2018.
==See also==
List of massacres in Malaysia
British war crimes
Mỹ Lai massacre
Amritsar Massacre
Bloody Sunday (1972)
==References==
==Further reading==
Short, Anthony. (2010, November). The Malayan Emergency and the Batang Kali Incident. Asian Affairs, 41:3, 337–354.
Ward, Ian, and Norma Miraflor. (2009). Slaughter and Deception at Batang Kali. Singapore: Media Masters.
==External links==
Condemning Batang Kali Massacre Signature Campaign and Legal Action against the British Government
Malaysian account of massacre
A Scottish viewpoint
Another Scottish viewpoint
BBC Malaysia Correspondent's account
Morning Star newspaper feature 'A murder revisited'
Conflicts in 1948
Mass murder in 1948
Massacres in the 1940s
History of Selangor
Malayan Emergency
Massacres committed by the United Kingdom
Military scandals
1948 in Malaya
20th-century history of the British Army
Massacres of men
Violence against men in Asia
December 1948 events
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