DateTime stringdate 2007-01-01 04:30:00+0330 2025-04-07 21:30:00+0330 | Currency stringclasses 10 values | Impact stringclasses 4 values | Event stringclasses 593 values | Actual stringlengths 1 9 ⌀ | Forecast stringlengths 1 8 ⌀ | Previous stringlengths 1 9 ⌀ | Detail stringlengths 106 1.37k ⌀ |
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2025-01-16T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Trade Balance | 12.9B | 11.8B | 7.0B | Source: Eurostat (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between imported and exported goods and services during the reported month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the seasonally adjusted data (as most FF numbers are), not to be confused with the non-seasonally adjusted number reported by some news agencies. Tends to have a muted impact because Germany and France, which account for about half of the Eurozone's economy, release earlier trade data. A positive Trade Balance indicates that more goods and services were exported than imported; |
2025-01-16T01:15:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | FPI m/m | 0.1% | null | -0.1% | Source: Statistics New Zealand (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of food and food services purchased by households; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 13 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | Why Traders Care: Although food is among the most volatile consumer price components, this indicator garners some attention because New Zealand's major inflation data is released on a quarterly basis; | Acro Expand: Food Price Index (FPI); |
2025-01-16T03:20:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | PPI y/y | 3.8% | 3.8% | 3.8% | Source: Bank of Japan (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods sold by corporations; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 12 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when corporations raise the price of their goods the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; | Also Called: CGPI; | Acro Expand: Producer Price Index (PPI), Corporate Goods Price Index (CGPI); |
2025-01-16T03:30:00+03:30 | AUD | Low Impact Expected | MI Inflation Expectations | 4.0% | null | 4.2% | Source: Melbourne Institute (latest release) | Measures: Percentage that consumers expect the price of goods and services to change during the next 12 months; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually the second Thursday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | FF Notes: Full reports are only available to Melbourne Institute subscribers. Source changed series calculation formula as of May 2014; | Why Traders Care: Expectations of future inflation can manifest into real inflation, primarily because workers tend to push for higher wages when they believe prices will rise; | Also Called: Consumer Inflation Expectations; | Acro Expand: Melbourne Institute (MI); |
2025-01-16T03:31:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | RICS House Price Balance | 28% | 28% | 24% | Source: RICS (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed property surveyors; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 11 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | FF Notes: Data represents the percentage of surveyors reporting a price increase in their designated area. Above 0.0% indicates more surveyors reported a rise in prices, below indicates more reported a fall; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of housing inflation because surveyors have access to the most recent price data by virtue of their job; | Acro Expand: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS); |
2025-01-16T04:00:00+03:30 | AUD | High Impact Expected | Employment Change | 56.3K | 14.5K | 28.2K | Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Change in the number of employed people during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: This is vital economic data released shortly after the month ends. The combination of importance and earliness makes for hefty market impacts; | Why Traders Care: Job creation is an important leading indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for a majority of overall economic activity; |
2025-01-16T10:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | German Final CPI m/m | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | Source: Destatis (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 11 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the Preliminary release and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. There are 2 versions of CPI released about 15 days apart - Preliminary and Final. The Preliminary release is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-16T13:00:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | BOE Credit Conditions Survey | null | null | null | Source: Bank of England (latest release) | Frequency: Released quarterly, around 15 days after the quarter ends; | Next Release: Apr 17, 2025 | FF Notes: This report includes detailed data on secured and unsecured lending to households, small businesses, non-financial corporations, and non-bank financial firms. Source first released in Sep 2007; | Why Traders Care: It's correlated with spending and confidence - rising debt levels are a sign that lenders feel comfortable issuing loans, and that consumers and businesses are confident in their financial position and eager to spend money; | Derived Via: Survey of bank and non-bank lenders which asks respondents to rate the relative level of credit conditions in the past 3 months and next 3 months; | Acro Expand: Bank of England (BOE); |
2025-01-16T13:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Italian Trade Balance | 4.22B | 4.50B | 5.07B | Source: Istat (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between imported and exported goods during the reported month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: A positive number indicates that more goods were exported than imported. This is one of the few non-seasonally adjusted numbers reported on the calendar, as it's the primary calculation for this indicator; |
2025-01-16T16:00:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | ECB Monetary Policy Meeting Accounts | null | null | null | Source: European Central Bank (latest release) | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Frequency: 8 times per year, 4 weeks after the Minimum Bid Rate is announced; | Next Release: Feb 27, 2025 | FF Notes: Source first released in Feb 2015; | Why Traders Care: It's a detailed record of the ECB Governing Board's most recent meeting, providing in-depth insights into the economic conditions that influenced their decision on where to set interest rates; | Acro Expand: European Central Bank (ECB); |
2025-01-16T16:15:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | NIESR GDP Estimate | 0.0% | null | 0.0% | Source: NIESR (latest release) | Measures: Change in the estimated value of all goods and services produced by the economy during the previous 3 months; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 10 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | FF Notes: NIESR estimates GDP data on a monthly basis in an effort to predict the quarterly government-released data. Source does not give an exact release time - this event will be listed as 'Tentative' until the data is released; | Acro Expand: National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), Gross Domestic Product (GDP); |
2025-01-16T16:45:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | Housing Starts | 231K | 252K | 267K | Source: CMHC (latest release) | Measures: Annualized number of new residential buildings that began construction during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: While this is monthly data, it's reported in an annualized format (monthly figure x12); | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health because building construction produces a wide-reaching ripple effect. For example, jobs are created for the construction workers, subcontractors and inspectors are hired, and various construction services are purchased by the builder; | Acro Expand: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC); |
2025-01-16T17:00:00+03:30 | USD | High Impact Expected | Core Retail Sales m/m | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.2% | Source: Census Bureau (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | FF Notes: Automobile sales account for about 20% of Retail Sales, but they tend to be very volatile and distort the underlying trend. The Core data is therefore thought to be a better gauge of spending trends; | Why Traders Care: It's the primary gauge of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity; | Also Called: Retail Sales Ex Autos; |
2025-01-16T18:30:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Business Inventories m/m | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | Source: Census Bureau (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of goods held in inventory by manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a signal of future business spending because companies are more likely to purchase goods once they have depleted inventories; |
2025-01-16T19:00:00+03:30 | AUD | Low Impact Expected | CB Leading Index m/m | 0.7% | null | 0.1% | Source: The Conference Board Inc. (latest release) | Measures: Change in the level of a composite index based on 7 economic indicators; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 50 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 13, 2025 | FF Notes: This index is designed to predict the direction of the economy, but it tends to have a muted impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously; | Derived Via: Combined reading of 7 economic indicators related to money supply, building approvals, profits, exports, inventories, and interest rate spreads; | Also Called: Leading Indicators; | Acro Expand: The Conference Board (CB); |
2025-01-16T21:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | Gov Council Member Gravelle Speaks | null | null | null | FF Notice: The text of the speech is due at the release time listed. The speech is scheduled for delivery 15 minutes later. Release time initially misstated as 12 hours earlier than source’s schedule. We regret the error; | Description: Due to speak about the Bank of Canada’s balance sheet at VersaFi, in Toronto. Audience questions expected; | Source: Bank of Canada (latest release) | Speaker: BOC Deputy Governor Toni Gravelle; | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Next Release: Feb 24, 2025 | FF Notes: Appointed Governing Council member Oct 2019; | Why Traders Care: BOC Governing Council members are responsible for setting the nation's key interest rates and their public engagements are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy; | Acro Expand: Bank of Canada (BOC); |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Low Impact Expected | NBS Press Conference | null | null | null | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China | Speaker: NBS Spokesperson; | Frequency: Scheduled monthly, excluding Feb, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Mar 17, 2025 | FF Notes: The press conference has 2 parts - first a prepared statement is read which announces the key economic numbers, then the conference is briefly open to press questions. The questions sometimes lead to unscripted answers that can have a significant market impact. Source changed frequency from quarterly to monthly as of Aug 2009 and then reverted from monthly to quarterly as of Jul 2011 and then back from quarterly to monthly as of Mar 2022; | Acro Expand: National Bureau of Statistics (NBS); |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Final CPI y/y | 2.4% | 2.4% | 2.4% | Source: Eurostat (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 24, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the CPI Flash Estimate and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. This is considered the Eurozone's most important inflation data because it's used as the central bank's inflation target, but it tends to have a relatively mild impact as the CPI Flash Estimate and German Prelim CPI are released about 15 days earlier; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Industrial Production m/m | 0.9% | 0.3% | 0.2% | Source: Federal Reserve (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - production reacts quickly to ups and downs in the business cycle and is correlated with consumer conditions such as employment levels and earnings; | Also Called: Factory Output; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Low Impact Expected | Unemployment Rate | 5.1% | 5.0% | 5.0% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Percentage of the total urban work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, excluding Feb, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Mar 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Source first released in Apr 2018; | Why Traders Care: Although it's generally viewed as a lagging indicator, the number of unemployed people is an important signal of overall economic health because consumer spending is highly correlated with labor-market conditions. Unemployment is also a major consideration for those steering the country's monetary policy; | Also Called: Jobless Rate; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Low Impact Expected | Fixed Asset Investment ytd/y | 3.2% | 3.3% | 3.3% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total spending on non-rural capital investments such as factories, roads, power grids, and property; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, excluding Feb, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Mar 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Data represents the year-to-date investment compared to the same period a year earlier; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - changes in private and public investment levels can be an early signal of future economic activity such as hiring, spending, and earnings; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | Medium Impact Expected | Building Permits | 1.48M | 1.46M | 1.49M | Source: Census Bureau (latest release) | Measures: Annualized number of new residential building permits issued during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, on the 12th business day after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: While this is monthly data, it's reported in an annualized format (monthly figure x12); | Why Traders Care: It's an excellent gauge of future construction activity because obtaining a permit is among the first steps in constructing a new building; | Also Called: Residential Building Permits; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Medium Impact Expected | Industrial Production y/y | 6.2% | 5.4% | 5.4% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, excluding Feb, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Mar 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Chinese data can have a broad impact on the currency markets due to China's influence on the global economy and investor sentiment; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - production is the dominant driver of the economy and reacts quickly to ups and downs in the business cycle; | Also Called: Industrial Output; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Housing Starts | 1.50M | 1.33M | 1.29M | Source: Census Bureau (latest release) | Measures: Annualized number of new residential buildings that began construction during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, on the 12th business day after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: While this is monthly data, it's reported in an annualized format (monthly figure x12). This data is slightly overshadowed by Building Permits because they are tightly correlated and a permit must be issued before a house can begin construction; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health because building construction produces a wide-reaching ripple effect. For example, jobs are created for the construction workers, subcontractors and inspectors are hired, and various construction services are purchased by the builder; |
2025-01-17T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Medium Impact Expected | Retail Sales y/y | 3.7% | 3.5% | 3.0% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of sales at the retail level; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, excluding Feb, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Mar 17, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the earliest look at vital consumer spending data. There are 2 versions of this report released about two weeks apart - Prelim and Final. The Final is not reported for lack of significance; | Why Traders Care: It's the primary gauge of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity; |
2025-01-17T01:00:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | BusinessNZ Manufacturing Index | 45.9 | null | 45.2 | Source: BusinessNZ (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 13 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates expansion, below indicates contraction; | Derived Via: Survey of manufacturers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Also Called: Performance of Manufacturing Index; |
2025-01-17T05:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Low Impact Expected | New Home Prices m/m | -0.08% | null | -0.20% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the selling price of newly built residential buildings in 70 medium and large cities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of the housing industry's health because rising house prices attract investors and spur industry activity; |
2025-01-17T05:30:00+03:30 | CNY | Medium Impact Expected | GDP q/y | 5.4% | 5.0% | 4.6% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced by the economy; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released quarterly, about 18 days after the quarter ends; | Next Release: Apr 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Data represents the quarterly value compared to the same quarter a year earlier. Chinese data can have a broad impact on the currency markets due to China's influence on the global economy and investor sentiment; | Why Traders Care: It's the broadest measure of economic activity and the primary gauge of the economy's health; | Also Called: Real GDP; | Acro Expand: Gross Domestic Product (GDP); |
2025-01-17T10:30:00+03:30 | GBP | High Impact Expected | Retail Sales m/m | -0.3% | 0.4% | 0.1% | Source: Office for National Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of inflation-adjusted sales at the retail level; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 20 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Source changed series calculation formula as of Feb 2010; | Why Traders Care: It's the primary gauge of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity; | Also Called: Sales Volume, All Retailers sales; |
2025-01-17T12:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Current Account | 27.0B | 28.0B | 30.2B | Source: European Central Bank (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between imported and exported goods, services, income flows, and unilateral transfers during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 50 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the seasonally adjusted data (as most FF numbers are), not to be confused with the non-seasonally adjusted number reported by some news agencies. The goods portion has no impact because it's a duplicate of the Trade Balance data released about a week earlier; | Why Traders Care: It's directly linked to currency demand - a rising surplus indicates that foreigners are buying more of the domestic currency to execute transactions in the region; |
2025-01-17T12:33:00+03:30 | CNY | Low Impact Expected | Foreign Direct Investment ytd/y | -27.1% | null | -27.9% | Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total spending on domestic capital investments by foreign companies; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 13 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: Source does not have a reliable release schedule - this event will be listed with a date range or as 'Tentative' until the data is released. Data represents the year-to-date investment compared to the same period a year earlier; | Also Called: Yuan FDI YTD; | Acro Expand: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Year to Date (YTD); |
2025-01-17T13:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Final Core CPI y/y | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.7% | Source: Eurostat (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding food, energy, alcohol, and tobacco; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 24, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the Flash Core CPI Estimate and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. There are 2 versions of this report released about two weeks apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Apr 2013, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-17T17:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | Foreign Securities Purchases | 16.40B | 14.50B | 21.55B | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Total value of domestic stocks, bonds, and money-market assets purchased by foreigners during the reported month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 50 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | Why Traders Care: Demand for domestic securities and currency demand are directly linked because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to purchase the nation's securities; | Also Called: International Transactions in Securities; |
2025-01-17T17:45:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Capacity Utilization Rate | 77.6% | 77.0% | 77.0% | Source: Federal Reserve (latest release) | Measures: Percentage of available resources being utilized by manufacturers, mines, and utilities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when producers are nearing full capacity they respond by raising prices, and the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; |
2025-01-17T18:00:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | CB Leading Index m/m | -0.3% | null | 0.1% | Source: The Conference Board Inc. (latest release) | Measures: Change in the level of a composite index based on 7 economic indicators; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 12, 2025 | FF Notes: This index is designed to predict the direction of the economy, but it tends to have a muted impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously; | Derived Via: Combined reading of 7 economic indicators related to production, new orders, consumer confidence, stock prices, and interest rate spreads; | Also Called: Leading Indicators; | Acro Expand: The Conference Board (CB); |
2025-01-18T00:30:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | TIC Long-Term Purchases | 79.0B | 159.9B | 159.1B | Source: US Department of the Treasury (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between foreign long-term securities purchased by US citizens and US long-term securities purchased by foreigners during the reported period; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: This data represents the balance of domestic and foreign investment - for example, if foreigners purchased $100 billion in US stocks and bonds, and the US purchased $30 billion in foreign stocks and bonds, the net reading would be 70.0B; | Why Traders Care: Demand for domestic securities and currency demand are directly linked because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to purchase the nation's securities; | Also Called: Net Long-term Securities Transactions; | Acro Expand: Treasury International Capital (TIC); |
2025-01-20T00:00:00+03:30 | CNY | Medium Impact Expected | 5-y Loan Prime Rate | 3.60% | 3.60% | 3.60% | Source: People's Bank of China (latest release) | Measures: Interest rate applied by commercial banks for mortgage loans; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Scheduled monthly; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: This is a benchmark lending rate set by the People's Bank of China in its effort to influence short-term interest rates as part of its monetary policy strategy; | Why Traders Care: Short term interest rates are the paramount factor in currency valuation - traders look at most other indicators merely to predict how rates will change in the future; | Derived Via: Based on a weighted average of lending rates from 18 commercial banks; | Also Called: LPR; | Acro Expand: Loan Prime Rate (LPR); |
2025-01-20T00:00:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | Tertiary Industry Activity m/m | -0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | Source: METI (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of services purchased by businesses; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 40 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses are quickly affected by market conditions, and changes in their spending can be an early signal of future economic activity such as hiring, earnings, and investment; |
2025-01-20T03:20:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | Core Machinery Orders m/m | 3.4% | -0.7% | 2.1% | Source: Cabinet Office (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of new private-sector purchase orders placed with manufacturers for machines, excluding ships and utilities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 40 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of production - rising purchase orders signal that manufacturers will increase activity as they work to fill the orders; | Also Called: Machine Orders; |
2025-01-20T03:31:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | Rightmove HPI m/m | 1.7% | null | -1.7% | Source: Rightmove (latest release) | Measures: Change in the asking price of homes for sale; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the UK's earliest report on housing inflation, but tends to produce a relatively mild impact because asking prices and selling prices are not always correlated; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of the housing industry's health because rising house prices attract investors and spur industry activity; | Acro Expand: House Price Index (HPI); |
2025-01-20T04:30:00+03:30 | CNY | Medium Impact Expected | 1-y Loan Prime Rate | 3.10% | 3.10% | 3.10% | Source: People's Bank of China (latest release) | Measures: Interest rate at which commercial banks lend to households and business; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Scheduled monthly; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: This is a benchmark lending rate set by the People's Bank of China in its effort to influence short-term interest rates as part of its monetary policy strategy; | Why Traders Care: Short term interest rates are the paramount factor in currency valuation - traders look at most other indicators merely to predict how rates will change in the future; | Derived Via: Based on a weighted average of lending rates from 18 commercial banks; | Also Called: LPR; | Acro Expand: Loan Prime Rate (LPR); |
2025-01-20T08:00:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | Revised Industrial Production m/m | -2.2% | -2.3% | -2.3% | Source: METI (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total inflation-adjusted value of output produced by manufacturers, mines, and utilities; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the Preliminary release and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. There are 2 versions of this indicator released about 15 days apart - Preliminary and Revised. The Preliminary release is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - production reacts quickly to ups and downs in the business cycle and is correlated with consumer conditions such as employment levels and earnings; |
2025-01-20T10:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | German PPI m/m | -0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | Source: Destatis (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 20 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when manufacturers charge more for goods the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; | Acro Expand: Producer Price Index (PPI); |
2025-01-20T11:00:00+03:30 | CHF | Low Impact Expected | PPI m/m | 0.0% | 0.2% | -0.6% | Source: Federal Statistical Office (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and raw materials purchased by manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 14 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 14, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when manufacturers pay more for goods the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; | Also Called: Producer and Import Prices, Producer Input Prices; | Acro Expand: Producer Price Index (PPI); |
2025-01-20T19:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | BOC Business Outlook Survey | null | null | null | Source: Bank of Canada (latest release) | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Frequency: Released quarterly; | Next Release: Apr 7, 2025 | FF Notes: This report is highly respected given its source and timing in relation to interest rate decisions. It can also have predictive qualities regarding future economic conditions because the surveyed firms are selected in accordance with their composition of the nation's GDP; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and changes in their sentiment can be an early signal of future economic activity such as spending, hiring, and investment; | Derived Via: Survey of about 1,000 businesses which asks respondents to rate the relative level of general business conditions, such as sales growth, investment in machinery, employment, inflation expectations, and credit conditions; | Also Called: Senior Loan Officer Survey; | Acro Expand: Bank of Canada (BOC); |
2025-01-20T20:30:00+03:30 | USD | High Impact Expected | President Trump Speaks | null | null | null | Description: Due to speak at the 60th Presidential Inauguration, in Washington DC; | Source: White House (latest release) | Speaker: US President Donald Trump; | Next Release: Jan 23, 2025 | FF Notes: US President Jan 2017 - Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 - Jan 2029. He speaks frequently on a broad range of subjects - only speeches that might have direct market impact are listed on the calendar; |
2025-01-20T23:59:59+03:30 | All | Medium Impact Expected | WEF Annual Meetings | null | null | null | Source: World Economic Forum (latest release) | Frequency: Annually; | Next Release: Jan 21, 2025 | FF Notes: WEF annual meetings are held in Davos and attended by central bankers, prime ministers, finance ministers, trade ministers, and business leaders from over 90 countries. Most meetings are open to the press and officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day. Comments from central bankers and other influential officials can create significant market volatility; | Acro Expand: World Economic Forum (WEF); |
2025-01-20T23:59:59+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Eurogroup Meetings | null | null | null | Source: Eurogroup (latest release) | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Eurogroup meetings are usually held in Brussels and attended by the Eurogroup President, Finance Ministers from euro area member states, the Commissioner for economic and monetary affairs, and the President of the European Central Bank. They discuss a range of financial issues, such as euro support mechanisms and government finances. The meetings are closed to the press but officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day, and a formal statement covering meeting objectives may be released after the meetings have concluded; | Why Traders Care: The Eurogroup coordinates economic policies of the 19 euro area member states, and their initiatives and decisions can have a widespread effect on the Eurozone's economic health; |
2025-01-20T23:59:59+03:30 | USD | Non-Economic | Bank Holiday | null | null | null | Description: US banks will be closed in observance of Martin Luther King Jr. Day; | Usual Effect: Low liquidity and irregular volatility; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Most Forex brokers remain open for every holiday except Christmas and New Year's Day. Stock markets and banks have slightly different holiday schedules; | Why Traders Care: Banks facilitate the majority of foreign exchange volume. When they are closed the market is less liquid and speculators become a more dominant market influence. This can lead to both abnormally low and abnormally high volatility; |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | Core CPI m/m | -0.3% | null | -0.1% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding the 8 most volatile items; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Tuesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Volatile items account for about a quarter of CPI but they tend to be very volatile and distort the underlying trend. This is among the few non-seasonally adjusted numbers reported on the calendar, as it's the calculation most commonly reported; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Also Called: CPI Ex Volatile Items; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Medium Impact Expected | Common CPI y/y | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.0% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services, purchased by consumers, which have similar price variations over time; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Tuesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Source first released in Dec 2016; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Derived Via: The average price of various goods and services are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | GBP | Medium Impact Expected | Average Earnings Index 3m/y | 5.6% | 5.6% | 5.2% | Source: Office for National Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price businesses and the government pay for labor, including bonuses; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Data represents the 3-month moving average compared to the same period a year earlier. A figure that excludes bonuses is also released, but not included for lack of significance. Source changed series calculation formula as of Jan 2010; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when businesses pay more for labor the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; | Also Called: Average Earnings Including Bonuses; |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | Unemployment Rate | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.3% | Source: Office for National Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Percentage of total work force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment during the past 3 months; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | Why Traders Care: Although it's generally viewed as a lagging indicator, the number of unemployed people is an important signal of overall economic health because consumer spending is highly correlated with labor-market conditions. Unemployment is also a major consideration for those steering the country's monetary policy; | Also Called: ILO Unemployment Rate, Jobless Rate; |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | High Impact Expected | Trimmed CPI y/y | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.6% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding the most volatile 40% of items; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Tuesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Source first released in Dec 2016; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Derived Via: The average price of various goods and services are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | High Impact Expected | Median CPI y/y | 2.4% | 2.5% | 2.6% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the median price of goods and services purchased by consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Tuesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Source first released in Dec 2016; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Derived Via: The average price of various goods and services are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-21T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | ZEW Economic Sentiment | 18.0 | 16.9 | 17.0 | Source: ZEW (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed German institutional investors and analysts; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, on the second or third Tuesday of the current month; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 0.0 indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism. The ZEW survey is historically focused on the German economy, and Germany tends to lead the Eurozone economy, so this overall Eurozone outlook tends to be overshadowed by the German data released at the same time; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - investors and analysts are highly informed by virtue of their job, and changes in their sentiment can be an early signal of future economic activity; | Derived Via: Survey of about 160 German institutional investors and analysts which asks respondents to rate the relative 6-month economic outlook for the Eurozone; | Acro Expand: Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); |
2025-01-21T01:00:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | BusinessNZ Services Index | 47.9 | null | 49.5 | Source: BusinessNZ (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 15 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates expansion, below indicates contraction; | Derived Via: Survey of purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Also Called: Performance of Services Index; |
2025-01-21T10:30:00+03:30 | GBP | High Impact Expected | Claimant Count Change | 0.7K | 10.3K | -25.1K | Source: Office for National Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Change in the number of people claiming unemployment-related benefits during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 16 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: It's the first indication of the employment situation, released a month earlier than the Unemployment Rate. Source changed series calculation formula as of Jun 2015; | Why Traders Care: Although it's generally viewed as a lagging indicator, the number of unemployed people is an important signal of overall economic health because consumer spending is highly correlated with labor-market conditions. Unemployment is also a major consideration for those steering the country's monetary policy; | Also Called: Jobless Claims, Unemployment Change; |
2025-01-21T13:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Medium Impact Expected | German ZEW Economic Sentiment | 10.3 | 15.2 | 15.7 | Source: ZEW (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed German institutional investors and analysts; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, on the second or third Tuesday of the current month; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 0.0 indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - investors and analysts are highly informed by virtue of their job, and changes in their sentiment can be an early signal of future economic activity; | Derived Via: Survey of about 160 German institutional investors and analysts which asks respondents to rate the relative 6-month economic outlook for Germany; | Acro Expand: Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); |
2025-01-21T17:00:00+03:30 | CAD | High Impact Expected | CPI m/m | -0.4% | -0.7% | 0.0% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Tuesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the most important inflation-related release due to its earliness and broad scope. This is among the few non-seasonally adjusted numbers reported on the calendar, as it's the calculation most commonly reported; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Derived Via: The average price of various goods and services are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Also Called: All Items CPI; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-21T18:27:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | GDT Price Index | 1.4% | null | -1.4% | Source: GDT (latest release) | Measures: Change in the average price of dairy products sold at auction; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Twice per month; | Next Release: Feb 4, 2025 | FF Notes: Source does not give an exact release time - this event will be listed as 'Tentative' until the data is released. Source changed release frequency from monthly to twice per month as of Sep 2010; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of the nation's trade balance with other countries because rising commodity prices boost export income; | Derived Via: The weighted-average price of the 9 dairy products sold at auction are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Acro Expand: GlobalDairyTrade (GDT); |
2025-01-21T23:59:59+03:30 | All | Medium Impact Expected | WEF Annual Meetings | null | null | null | Source: World Economic Forum (latest release) | Frequency: Annually; | Next Release: Jan 22, 2025 | FF Notes: WEF annual meetings are held in Davos and attended by central bankers, prime ministers, finance ministers, trade ministers, and business leaders from over 90 countries. Most meetings are open to the press and officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day. Comments from central bankers and other influential officials can create significant market volatility; | Acro Expand: World Economic Forum (WEF); |
2025-01-21T23:59:59+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | ECOFIN Meetings | null | null | null | Source: European Council (latest release) | Next Release: Feb 18, 2025 | FF Notes: ECOFIN meetings are usually held in Brussels and attended by Finance Ministers from EU member states. They discuss a range of financial issues, such as euro support mechanisms and government finances. The meetings are closed to the press but officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day, and a formal statement covering meeting objectives may be released after the meetings have concluded; | Why Traders Care: ECOFIN is the Eurozone's broadest financial decision making body. The council coordinates economic policies of the 28 member states, and their initiatives and decisions can have a widespread effect on the Eurozone's economic health; | Acro Expand: The Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN); |
2025-01-22T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | RMPI m/m | 1.3% | 0.4% | -0.1% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of raw materials purchased by manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 19 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of consumer inflation - when manufacturers pay more for goods the higher costs are usually passed on to the consumer; | Acro Expand: Raw Materials Price Index (RMPI); |
2025-01-22T01:15:00+03:30 | NZD | High Impact Expected | CPI q/q | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | Source: Statistics New Zealand (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released quarterly, about 18 days after the quarter ends; | Next Release: Apr 17, 2025 | FF Notes: This is extremely late relative to inflation data from other countries, but it's the primary gauge of consumer prices and tends to create hefty market impacts; | Why Traders Care: Consumer prices account for a majority of overall inflation. Inflation is important to currency valuation because rising prices lead the central bank to raise interest rates out of respect for their inflation containment mandate; | Derived Via: The average price of various goods and services are sampled and then compared to the previous sampling; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-22T03:00:00+03:30 | AUD | Low Impact Expected | MI Leading Index m/m | 0.0% | null | 0.1% | Source: Melbourne Institute (latest release) | Measures: Change in the level of a composite index based on 9 economic indicators; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually the third Wednesday after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: This index is designed to predict the direction of the economy, but it tends to have a muted impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously. Full reports are only available to Melbourne Institute subscribers; | Derived Via: Combined reading of 9 economic indicators related to consumer confidence, housing, stock market prices, unemployment expectations, hours worked, commodity prices, and interest rate spreads; | Also Called: Westpac/MI Indexes of Economic Activity, Westpac Leading Index; | Acro Expand: Melbourne Institute (MI); |
2025-01-22T10:30:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | Public Sector Net Borrowing | 17.8B | 14.2B | 11.8B | Source: Office for National Statistics (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between spending and income for public corporations, the central government, and local governments during the previous month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 23 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: A positive number indicates a budget deficit, a negative number indicates a surplus. This figure includes "financial interventions" - there is also a figure released at the same time which excludes them; |
2025-01-22T14:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | German Buba Monthly Report | null | null | null | Source: Bundesbank (latest release) | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly; | Next Release: Feb 24, 2025 | FF Notes: Market impact tends to be greater when the report reveals a viewpoint that clashes with the ECB's stance; | Why Traders Care: It contains relevant articles, speeches, statistical tables, and provides detailed analysis of current and future economic conditions from the bank's viewpoint; | Acro Expand: Deutsche Bundesbank (Buba); |
2025-01-22T17:00:00+03:30 | CAD | Low Impact Expected | IPPI m/m | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.6% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods sold by manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 19 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: Only includes goods produced domestically; | Also Called: Factory Gate Prices, Producer Prices; | Acro Expand: Industrial Product Price Index (IPPI); |
2025-01-22T18:30:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | CB Leading Index m/m | -0.1% | -0.1% | 0.4% | Source: The Conference Board Inc. (latest release) | Measures: Change in the level of a composite index based on 10 economic indicators; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 20 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: This index is designed to predict the direction of the economy, but it tends to have a muted impact because most of the indicators used in the calculation are released previously. Source changed series calculation formula as of Jan 2012; | Derived Via: Combined reading of 10 economic indicators related to employment, new orders, consumer confidence, housing, stock market prices, credit trends, and interest rate spreads; | Also Called: Leading Indicators; | Acro Expand: The Conference Board (CB); |
2025-01-22T18:45:00+03:30 | EUR | Medium Impact Expected | ECB President Lagarde Speaks | null | null | null | Description: Due to participate in a panel discussion titled "Beyond Crisis: Unlocking Europe's Potential" at the World Economic Forum Annual Meetings, in Davos; | Source: European Central Bank (latest release) | Speaker: ECB President Christine Lagarde; | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Next Release: Jan 24, 2025 | FF Notes: ECB President Nov 2019 - Nov 2027. Volatility is often experienced during her speeches as traders attempt to decipher interest rate clues; | Why Traders Care: As head of the ECB, which controls short term interest rates, she has more influence over the euro's value than any other person. Traders scrutinize her public engagements as they are often used to drop subtle clues regarding future monetary policy; | Acro Expand: European Central Bank (ECB); |
2025-01-22T23:59:59+03:30 | All | Medium Impact Expected | WEF Annual Meetings | null | null | null | Source: World Economic Forum (latest release) | Frequency: Annually; | Next Release: Jan 23, 2025 | FF Notes: WEF annual meetings are held in Davos and attended by central bankers, prime ministers, finance ministers, trade ministers, and business leaders from over 90 countries. Most meetings are open to the press and officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day. Comments from central bankers and other influential officials can create significant market volatility; | Acro Expand: World Economic Forum (WEF); |
2025-01-23T00:00:00+03:30 | CAD | High Impact Expected | Retail Sales m/m | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.6% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of sales at the retail level; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 50 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's the primary gauge of consumer spending, which accounts for the majority of overall economic activity; |
2025-01-23T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | High Impact Expected | Unemployment Claims | 223K | 221K | 217K | Source: Department of Labor (latest release) | Measures: The number of individuals who filed for unemployment insurance for the first time during the past week; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released weekly, usually on the first Thursday after the week ends; | Next Release: Jan 30, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the nation's earliest economic data. The market impact fluctuates from week to week - there tends to be more focus on the release when traders need to diagnose recent developments, or when the reading is at extremes; | Why Traders Care: Although it's generally viewed as a lagging indicator, the number of unemployed people is an important signal of overall economic health because consumer spending is highly correlated with labor-market conditions. Unemployment is also a major consideration for those steering the country's monetary policy; | Also Called: Jobless Claims, Initial Claims; |
2025-01-23T01:00:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | API Weekly Statistical Bulletin | null | null | null | Source: API (latest release) | Frequency: Released weekly, 3 days after the week ends; | Next Release: Jan 29, 2025 | Acro Expand: American Petroleum Institute (API), Energy Information Administration (EIA); |
2025-01-23T01:15:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | Visitor Arrivals m/m | 1.0% | null | 0.0% | Source: Statistics New Zealand (latest release) | Measures: Change in the number of short-term overseas visitors who arrived in the country; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 45 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 17, 2025 | Why Traders Care: Tourism plays an important role in the economy - about 7% of the population is employed by the tourism industry, and a sizable portion of the nation's GDP is indirectly related to tourism; | Also Called: International Travel and Migration; |
2025-01-23T03:20:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | Trade Balance | -0.03T | -0.51T | -0.39T | Source: Ministry of Finance (latest release) | Measures: Difference in value between imported and exported goods during the reported month; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 20 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 19, 2025 | FF Notes: This is the seasonally adjusted data (as most FF numbers are), not to be confused with the non-seasonally adjusted number reported by some news agencies. A positive number indicates that more goods were exported than imported; | Why Traders Care: Export demand and currency demand are directly linked because foreigners must buy the domestic currency to pay for the nation's exports. Export demand also impacts production and prices at domestic manufacturers; | Also Called: Adjusted Merchandise Trade Balance; |
2025-01-23T14:30:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | CBI Industrial Order Expectations | -34 | -35 | -40 | Source: Confederation of British Industry (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed manufacturers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 0 indicates increasing order volume is expected, below indicates expectations are for lower volume; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and changes in their expectations can be an early signal of future economic activity such as spending, hiring, and investment; | Derived Via: Survey of about 250 manufacturers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of order volume expected during the next 3 months; | Also Called: Industrial Trends Survey; | Acro Expand: Confederation of British Industry (CBI); |
2025-01-23T17:00:00+03:30 | CAD | High Impact Expected | Core Retail Sales m/m | -0.7% | 0.1% | -0.1% | Source: Statistics Canada (latest release) | Measures: Change in the total value of sales at the retail level, excluding automobiles; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 50 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Automobile sales account for about 20% of Retail Sales, but they tend to be very volatile and distort the underlying trend. The Core data is therefore thought to be a better gauge of spending trends; | Also Called: Retail Sales Ex Autos; |
2025-01-23T18:30:00+03:30 | EUR | Low Impact Expected | Consumer Confidence | -14 | -14 | -15 | Source: Eurostat (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 22 days into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 20, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 0 indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Jan 2010, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact. The Final is not reported for lack of significance; | Why Traders Care: Financial confidence is a leading indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for a majority of overall economic activity; | Derived Via: Survey of about 17,500 consumers in Eurozone countries which asks respondents to rate the relative level of past and future economic conditions, including personal financial situation, employment, inflation, and climate for major purchases; |
2025-01-23T19:00:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Natural Gas Storage | -223B | -270B | -258B | Source: Energy Information Administration (latest release) | Measures: Change in the number of cubic feet of natural gas held in underground storage during the past week; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released weekly, 5 days after the week ends; | Next Release: Jan 30, 2025 | FF Notes: Inventories are used to maintain price stability during supply shortages and periods of increasing demand; | Also Called: Nat Gas Stocks, Nat Gas Inventories, Working Gas; | Acro Expand: Energy Information Administration (EIA); |
2025-01-23T19:30:00+03:30 | USD | High Impact Expected | President Trump Speaks | null | null | null | Description: Due to speak at the World Economic Forum Annual Meetings, via satellite; | Source: White House (latest release) | Speaker: US President Donald Trump; | Next Release: Feb 5, 2025 | FF Notes: US President Jan 2017 - Jan 2021 and Jan 2025 - Jan 2029. He speaks frequently on a broad range of subjects - only speeches that might have direct market impact are listed on the calendar; |
2025-01-23T20:30:00+03:30 | USD | Medium Impact Expected | Crude Oil Inventories | -1.0M | -0.1M | -2.0M | FF Notice: Initial release time was shifted 60 minutes hours later due to source rescheduling; | Source: Energy Information Administration (latest release) | Measures: Change in the number of barrels of crude oil held in inventory by commercial firms during the past week; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' less than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released weekly, 4 days after the week ends; | Next Release: Jan 29, 2025 | FF Notes: While this is a US indicator, it most affects the loonie due to Canada's sizable energy sector; | Why Traders Care: It's the primary gauge of supply and demand imbalances in the market, which can lead to changes in production levels and price volatility; | Also Called: Crude Stocks, Crude Levels; | Acro Expand: Energy Information Administration (EIA); |
2025-01-23T23:59:59+03:30 | All | Medium Impact Expected | WEF Annual Meetings | null | null | null | Source: World Economic Forum (latest release) | Frequency: Annually; | Next Release: Jan 24, 2025 | FF Notes: WEF annual meetings are held in Davos and attended by central bankers, prime ministers, finance ministers, trade ministers, and business leaders from over 90 countries. Most meetings are open to the press and officials usually talk with reporters throughout the day. Comments from central bankers and other influential officials can create significant market volatility; | Acro Expand: World Economic Forum (WEF); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | Low Impact Expected | Revised UoM Inflation Expectations | 3.3% | null | 3.3% | Source: University of Michigan (latest release) | Measures: Percentage that consumers expect the price of goods and services to change during the next 12 months; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the last Friday of the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the Preliminary release and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. There are 2 versions of this data released about 15 days apart – Preliminary and Revised. The Preliminary release is the earliest and thus tends to have more impact; | Why Traders Care: Expectations of future inflation can manifest into real inflation, primarily because workers tend to push for higher wages when they believe prices will rise; | Derived Via: Survey of about 800 consumers which asks respondents where they expect prices to be 12 months in the future; | Acro Expand: University of Michigan (UoM); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | High Impact Expected | Flash Services PMI | 52.8 | 56.4 | 56.8 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Nov 2013, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 400 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | GBP | High Impact Expected | Flash Services PMI | 51.2 | 50.8 | 51.1 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Nov 2019, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 650 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | Medium Impact Expected | Flash Services PMI | 51.4 | 51.4 | 51.6 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Jun 2007, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 5,000 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | High Impact Expected | German Flash Services PMI | 52.5 | 51.1 | 51.2 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Mar 2008, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 800 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | EUR | High Impact Expected | French Flash Services PMI | 48.9 | 49.3 | 49.3 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Mar 2008, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 750 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | JPY | High Impact Expected | Monetary Policy Statement | null | null | null | Source: Bank of Japan (latest release) | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Frequency: Scheduled 8 times per year; | Next Release: Mar 19, 2025 | FF Notes: Source does not give an exact release time - the event will be listed as 'Tentative' until the statement is issued. Source first released in Jul 2008. Source changed release frequency from about 14 times per year to eight times per year as of Jan 2016; | Why Traders Care: It's among the primary tools the BOJ uses to communicate with investors about monetary policy. It contains the outcome of their decision on asset purchases and commentary about the economic conditions that influenced their decision. Most importantly, it projects the economic outlook and offers clues on the outcome of future votes; | Also Called: Interest Rate Statement; | Acro Expand: Bank of Japan (BOJ); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | USD | Medium Impact Expected | Revised UoM Consumer Sentiment | 71.1 | 73.3 | 73.2 | Source: University of Michigan (latest release) | Measures: Level of a composite index based on surveyed consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the last Friday of the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: The 'Previous' listed is the 'Actual' from the Preliminary release and therefore the 'History' data will appear unconnected. There are 2 versions of this data released about 15 days apart – Preliminary and Revised. The Preliminary release is the earliest and thus tends to have more impact; | Why Traders Care: Financial confidence is a leading indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for a majority of overall economic activity; | Derived Via: Survey of about 800 consumers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of current and future economic conditions; | Acro Expand: University of Michigan (UoM); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | AUD | Low Impact Expected | Flash Services PMI | 50.4 | null | 50.8 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the services industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Oct 2018, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact. The Final is not included for lack of significance; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 400 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T00:00:00+03:30 | JPY | High Impact Expected | BOJ Policy Rate | <0.50% | <0.50% | <0.25% | Source: Bank of Japan (latest release) | Measures: Interest rate levied on excess current account balances held at the BOJ; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Scheduled 8 times per year; | Next Release: Mar 19, 2025 | FF Notes: Source does not give an exact release time - this event will be listed as 'Tentative' until the rate is announced. This rate is currently the BOJ's main operating target. Source first released in Jan 2016; | Why Traders Care: Short term interest rates are the paramount factor in currency valuation - traders look at most other indicators merely to predict how rates will change in the future; | Derived Via: BOJ Policy Board members come to a consensus on where to set the rate; | Also Called: Interest Rates, Uncollateralized Overnight Call Rate; | Acro Expand: Bank of Japan (BOJ); |
2025-01-24T01:30:00+03:30 | AUD | Low Impact Expected | Flash Manufacturing PMI | 49.8 | null | 47.8 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in Oct 2018, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact. The Final is not included for lack of significance; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 400 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T03:00:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | National Core CPI y/y | 3.0% | 3.0% | 2.7% | Source: Statistics Bureau (latest release) | Measures: Change in the price of goods and services purchased by consumers, excluding fresh food; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Friday of the following month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | Also Called: Core CPI, National CPI Ex Fresh Food; | Acro Expand: Consumer Price Index (CPI); |
2025-01-24T03:31:00+03:30 | GBP | Low Impact Expected | GfK Consumer Confidence | -22 | -18 | -17 | Source: NIQ (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed consumers; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, usually on the third Friday of the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 0 indicates optimism, below indicates pessimism; | Why Traders Care: Financial confidence is a leading indicator of consumer spending, which accounts for a majority of overall economic activity; | Derived Via: Survey of about 2,000 consumers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of past and future economic conditions, including personal financial situation, climate for major purchases, and overall economic situation; |
2025-01-24T04:00:00+03:30 | JPY | Low Impact Expected | Flash Manufacturing PMI | 48.8 | 48.9 | 49.6 | Source: S&P Global (latest release) | Measures: Level of a diffusion index based on surveyed purchasing managers in the manufacturing industry; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, around 3 weeks into the current month; | Next Release: Feb 21, 2025 | FF Notes: Above 50.0 indicates industry expansion, below indicates contraction. There are 2 versions of this report released about a week apart – Flash and Final. The Flash release, which the source first reported in May 2014, is the earliest and thus tends to have the most impact; | Why Traders Care: It's a leading indicator of economic health - businesses react quickly to market conditions, and their purchasing managers hold perhaps the most current and relevant insight into the company's view of the economy; | Derived Via: Survey of about 400 purchasing managers which asks respondents to rate the relative level of business conditions including employment, production, new orders, prices, supplier deliveries, and inventories; | Also Called: Jibun Bank Manufacturing PMI; | Acro Expand: Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI); |
2025-01-24T05:30:00+03:30 | NZD | Low Impact Expected | Credit Card Spending y/y | -1.4% | null | -3.1% | Source: Reserve Bank of New Zealand (latest release) | Measures: Change in total spending facilitated with a credit card; | Usual Effect: 'Actual' greater than 'Forecast' is good for currency; | Frequency: Released monthly, about 21 days after the month ends; | Next Release: Feb 24, 2025 | Why Traders Care: It's correlated with consumer spending and confidence - rising debt levels are a sign that lenders feel comfortable issuing loans, and that consumers are confident in their financial position and eager to spend money; |
2025-01-24T06:53:00+03:30 | JPY | High Impact Expected | BOJ Outlook Report | null | null | null | Source: Bank of Japan (latest release) | Usual Effect: More hawkish than expected is good for currency; | Frequency: Released quarterly; | Next Release: May 1, 2025 | FF Notes: Source does not give an exact release time - this event will be listed as 'Tentative' until the rate is announced. Source changed release frequency from semiannually to quarterly as of Jan 2016; | Why Traders Care: It provides valuable insight into the bank's view of economic conditions and inflation - the key factors that will shape the future of monetary policy; | Also Called: Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices, The Bank's View; | Acro Expand: Bank of Japan (BOJ); |
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